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^CORMEU.  UNIVERSTTY   UBRAftV 


^     IIIIIIBUL 

3   1924  096  448  935 


Cornell  University 
Library 


The  original  of  this  book  is  in 
the  Cornell  University  Library. 

There  are  no  known  copyright  restrictions  in 
the  United  States  on  the  use  of  the  text. 


http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924096448935 


HISTORY 


—OF— 


TIOGA   COUNTY, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


EMBRACING 

ITS  TOPOGRAPHICAL   AND   GEOLOGICAL  FEATURES ;   INDIANS    AND  WHITE 
EXPLORERS;   BEGINNING   AND  ORGANIZATION;   PIONEERS  AND   EARLY 
SETTLEMENT;    EARLY    COURTS    AND    CASES;    INTERNAL   IMPROVE- 
MENTS;  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT;   COAL  MINES  AND  MINING; 
PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  AND  OFFICIALS  ;  LEGAL  AND  MEDICAL  PRO- 
FESSIONS ;    MILITARY   HISTORY;   LITERATURE;   SKETCHES 
OF  BOROUGHS,  TOWNSHIPS  AND  VILLAGES;  MATERIAL, 
SOCIAL,    EDUCATIONAL   AND  RELIGIOUS   PROGRESS; 
BIOGRAPHIES  AND  PORTRAITS  OF  PIONEERS  AND 
REPRESENTATIVE  CITIZENS,    ETC.,    ETC.,  ETC. 


ILLXJSXR.jPs.TEID. 


R.    C.   BROWN  &  CO. 

1807. 


r 


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.■("■ 


PRESS  OF 

harrisburg  publishing  company 
Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania 


-5-/] 


PREKACB. 


ORE  than  one  hundred  years  have  passed  away  since  the  first  white 
settlers  built  their  cabins  along  the  Cowanesque  and  Tioga 
rivers  and  commenced  laying  the  comer-stone  of  American  civiliza- 
tion within  the  confines  of  what  is  now  Tioga  county.  The  Indian 
occupants  had  been  pushed  back  farther  into  the  wilderness  by  the 
advancing  tide  of  progress,  and  in  their  place  came  the  hardy,  reso- 
lute, intelligent  pioneers  whose  descendants  now  occupy  the  land.  Several  genera- 
tions have  come  and  gone  since  these  events  occurred,  and  the  historian  of  to-day 
finds  a  difiicult  task  to  unravel  the  story  and  harmonize  the  many  conflicting  ac- 
counts that  tradition  has  handed  down  from  one  generation  to  another. 

In  writing  a  history  of  Tioga  county  it  has  been  our  aim  to  preserve,  as  far 
as  possible,  a  chronological  order.  Its  topographical  and  geological  features  come 
first,  followed  by  a  sketch  of  the  Indians  whose  numerous  camping  sites,  paths 
and  villages  prove  that  "The  Land  of  Tioga"  was  a  favorite  dwelling  place  and 
hunting  ground.  The  (.'aucasian  race  came  next,  holding  aloft  the  ti)nh  of  civili- 
zation— the  founders  of  communities  in  which  the  church  and  the  school  followed 
in  the  wake  of  the  cabin  home.  With  the  gradual  settlement  of  the  country  came 
the  erection  of  the  county,  the  establishment  of  a  county  seat,  civil  organization 
and  courts  of  justice.  The  early  constriiction  of  roads,  the  improvement  of  water- 
ways and  the  building  of  railroads  furnished  transportation  for  the  product  of  the 
farm,  the  mill  and  the  mine,  thus  keeping  pace  with  the  industrial  development  of 
the  country.  The  official  history  of  the  county  has  been  carefully  compiled,  and 
the  names  of  her  citizens  who  have  filled  public  office  in  the  Nation,  the  State  and 
the  county  have  thus  been  preserved.  The  legal  and  medical  professions;  the 
pioneer  fathers  who  served  in  the  Revolution  and  War  of  1812;  a  roster  of  Tioga's 
sons  who  went  out  to  defend  the  flag  during  the  dark  days  of  civil  strife;  the  "Lit- 
erature of  Tioga,"  and  the  creation  and  growth  of  townships,  boroughs  and  vil- 
lages all  find  appropriate  mention  in  the  pages  of  this  work. 

The  labor  involved  in  this  undertaking  required  the  examination  of  state, 
county,  borougli  and  township  records;  the  careful  perusal  of  books,  pamphlets, 
newspaper  files,  old  family  documents,  deeds  and  letters,  and  the  personal  inter- 
viewing of  local  authorities  in  every  part  of  the  county.  To  John  F.  Meginness, 
Esq.,  of  Williamsport,  the  veteran  historian  of  the  West  Branch  valley,  was  in- 
trusted the  first  twenty-two  chapters  of  the  book,  and  he  spent  over  a  year  in  their 
compiliition.  The  remaining  thirty-six  chapters  embraced  in  tlie  general  history, 
were  compiled  by  ^fr.  John  Meagher,  an  experienced  and  pains-taking  w^riter, 
with  the  exception  of  Chapter  XLTV.  contributed  by  Rev.  David  Craft,  of  Law- 
rcneeville.  The  chapter  on  "Coal  ifincs  and  ^fining"  wn-:  also  written  by  Ifr. 
Meagher,  and  the  whole  work  was  compared,  revised  and  o<lited  under  the  personal 
supervision  of  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  who  has  hud  a  wide  ex]ierience  in 
til  is  line  of  historical  effort. 


■  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

County  Obganization  Completed. 

Location  of  County  Seat— Trustees  Appointed— Proposals  for  a  Site  Advertised  for 
The  Offer  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  Accepted— Location  Made— Why  Named 
Wellsboroug-h- A  Town  Laid  Out— Activity  of  Morris— Delmar  Tovynship  Formed 
First  Commissioners— Early  Financial  Statements— Other  Statistical  Informa- 
tion—Grovyth  of  Population  by  Decades '^'^''^^ 

CHAPTEK  VII. 

Eably  Cotjbts  and  Cases. 

Arrests  and  Trials  Under  the  Intrusion  Law— The  Case  of  Ezra  Spaulding— History  of 
the  Defendani^Other  Tioga  Settlers  Indicted— First  Courts  of  Tioga  County — 
Docket  Entries— A  Horse  Thief  Convicted— Six  Magisterial  Districts  Established 
— The  Great  Slave  Hunt — Important  County  Records  Stolen — ^An  Obdurate 
Judge, 80-93 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Internal   Impeovements. 

First  Traveled  Ways— The  State  Line  Survey— A  Rude  Road  Brushed  Out^— The 
Williamson  Road — Why  and  How  It  Was  Built — A  Princely  Entertainment  in 
the  Wilderness — The  Patterson  Brothe'rs — Morris  State  Road — ^More  Roads  Laid 
Out — East  and  West  State  Road — Era  of  Plank  Roads — Early  Navigafion 
Schemes — The  Corning  and  Blossburg  Railroad — ^Morris  Run  and  Arnot 
Branches — The  Fall  Brook  Railroad — The  Cowanesque  Branch — The  Pine  Creek 
Branch — Elmira  and  State  Line  Railroad — The  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road— Other  Railroads,    93-108 


CHAPTER   IX. 

Industrial    Development. 

Primitive  Saw-Mills  and  Grist-Mills — The  Morris  Mills — First  Mills  at  Wellsboro — 
Babb's  Mill — In  the  Tioga  Valley — Early  Lumbering  Operations — A  Rafting 
Reminiscence — Along  the  Cowanesque  River — Pioneer  Mills  on  Pine  Creek — An 
Era  of  Rapid  Development — Risks  and  Charms  of  the  Business — The  Tanning 
Industry — Iron  Foundries  and  Smelting  Works — The  Manufacture  of  Glass — 
Progress  of  Agriculture — Agricultural  Societies 109-119 

CHAPTER   X. 

Coal  Mines  and  Mining. 

The  Blossburg  and  Gaines  Coal  Basins — Theories   Concerning  Their  Formation 

Their  Extent  and  Character— The  Discovery  of  Coal  at  Blossburg— Pioneer  Mines 
and  Mining— Early  Attempts  at  Development— The  Tioga  Navigation  Company- 
First  Geological  Survey — The  Arbon  Coal  Company — Sir  Charles  Lyell's  Visit 

Coal  Seams  Described — Character  and  Uses  of  Blossburg  Coal — The  Manufacture 
of  Coke — Labor  Strikes  and  Troubles — Recent  Statistics — Past  and  Present,  .  .119-132 


CONTEXTS.  Vll 


CHAPTEK   XI. 

Public  Bxtildings  and  Officials. 

First  Meeting  Place  of  the  Commissioners — ^Temporary  Quarters  Secured — First  Pub- 
lic Buildings  Erected — An  Odd  Contract — High  Price  of  Nails — Description  of 
Buildings — The  New  Court  House  and  Jail— The  Present  Jail— The  Only  Criminal 
Execution — New  Record  Building — County  House  and  Farm — Koster  of  Public 
Officials,    132-144 

CHAPTER   XII. 

The  Bencu  and  Bab. 

Personal  Sketches  of  President  Judges — Many  Able  and  Distinguished  Jurists 
Among  Them — The  Bar  of  Tioga  County— A  Brilliant  Array  of  Legal  Talent— 
The  Tioga  County  Bar  Association — John  F.  Donaldson,  Prothonotary  and  Poli- 
tician— A  Sketch  of  His  Career 145-188 


CH.VPTEK   XIII. 

The   MEDirAi.   Professiox. 

Introductory — Pioneer  Physicians — Their  Courageous  Devotion  to  Duty — Brief 
Sketches  of  Prominent  Physicians — The  First  Drug  Store — Sketch  of  Dr.  Robert 
Roy,  Its  Proprietor — "Brick"  Pomeroy's  Reminiscences — The  Tioga  County 
Medical  Association,  189-206 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Early  JFilitary  History. 

Introduction — Early  Settlers  Who  Were  Revolutionary  Soldiers — They  Led  the  Way 
Into  the  Wilderness — Peter  Shumway's  Discharge — A  Priceless  Relic — The  War 
of  1812— Settlers  of  Tioga  Who  Served  in  That  Struggle — Old-Time  Militia 
System — The  Mexican  War 206-216 

CHAPTEK  XV. 

War  of  the   Rebellion. 

The  Firing  on  Fort  Sumter — Reception  of  the  News  in  Wellsboro — Meeting  of  the 
Borough  Council — Resolutions  Adopted — Mrs.  Mary  H.  Clymer's  Patriotic  Act 
and  Letter — The  First  ^'oluntee^s — Gen.  Robert  C.  Cox's  Interesting  Narrative — 
Rosters  of  Companies  Raised  in  Tioga  County — Miscellaneous  Commands — ^In 
New  York  Regiments— In  Other  States— The  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry 
— Soldiers'  Monument — Losses  in  the  War 216-249 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

Literature   of  Tioga. 

Josiah  Emery's  English  Grammar — Lydia  Jane  Pierson,  the  Forest  Minstrel— Mary 
Emily  Jackson,  a  Native  Poetess— M.  H.  Cobb,  Printer  and  Poet— "Nessmuk," 
the  Lover  and  Poet  of  Nature — His  Rambles,  Travels,  and  Writings 249-258 


VIU  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTEE   XVII. 

Wellsbobo. 

Descriptive — The  Original  Town  Plot — ^Additional  Lots  Surveyed — ^Prominent  Pio- 
neers— Josiah  Emery's  Reminiscences — PostofBce  and  Postmasters — John  Sheffer, 
the  Young  Mail  Carrier — ^His  Koute  Through  the  Wilderness — ^Postoffice  Statis- 
tics— Old-Time  Taverns  and  Landlords — Modem  Hotels,  258-374 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Wellsbobo    (Continued). 

Village  Schools— The  Old  Academy— Its  Incorporation— Its  Early  and  Later  History 
—The  Building  Now  Used  as  a  Church— Common  School  System  Adopted— 
First  Public  School  Building— Later  Buildings  and  Teachers— Willow  Hall 
School,    -....275-295 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

Wellsbobo    (Continued) . 

The  Old  Quaker  Meeting-House— St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church— Rev. 
Charles  Breck,  the  Pioneer  Pastor— The  Work  He  Accomplished— The  Presby- 
terian Church— Rev.  J.  P.  Calkins'  Long  Pastorate— His  Semi-Centennial  Address 
—First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church— Rev.  Caleb  Boyer— The  First  Class — 
Church  Organized — ^First  Baptist  Church — ^Its  Organization  and  Later  History 
—St.  Peter's  Roman  Catholic  Church— The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church— Ceme- 
teries— Societies — ^WeUsborough's  Military  Band 295-316 

CHAPTER   XX. 

Wellsbobo    (Continued). 

The  Tioga  Pioneer — Its  Editors  and  Publishers — Removal  to  Tioga — ^Early  Adver- 
tisements— The  Phoenix  Appears — The  Tioga  Herald — George  Hildreth,  the 
Old-Time  Printer — The  Wellsboro  Advertiser — The  Wellsboro  Agitator — -The 
Daily  Record — The  Tioga  Eagle  and  Its  Successors — The  Wellsboro  Gazette— The 
Tioga  Banner — The  Hermaic  Journal — The  Tioga  County  Leader — The  Republi- 
can Advocate — A  Noted  Correspondent 317-337 

CHAPTER   XXI. 

Wellsbobo    (Continued) . 

Incorporated  as  a  Borough — First  Election — Early  Ordinances — Burgesses,  Clerks, 
Treasurers  and  Justices — Borough  Boundaries — Fire  Department — ^Water  Works 
System — The  Wellsborough  Electric  Company,   327-334 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

Wellsbobo    (Continued). 

The  First  National  Bank— The  Old  and  New  Bank  Buildings— The  Wellsborough 
National  Bank — The  Great  Bank  Robbery— The  Property  Taken — Two   ol  the 

Robbers  Captured — Tried,  Convicted  and  Sent  to  Prison — Cosgrove  Reforms 

His  Visit  to  Judge  Williams— Manufacturing  and  Other  Enterprises— The  Wells- 
boro of  To-Day 335.34^ 


CONTEXTS.  jx 


CHAPTER   XXUl. 

Delmab  Towkship. 

Creation — Original  Dividing  Line — Origin  of  Name — Bednctions  of  Area — ^Present 
Boundaries — Character  of  Svurface — Streams — The  "Big  Marsh" — Altitude — ^Popu- 
lation— Pioneer  Settlers — Manufacturing  Enterprises — Schools — Churches  and 
Cemeteries — Villages  and,Posto£Bces 350-360 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

Chakleston   Township. 

Organization — Reductions  of  Area — Boundaries — Drainage — Physical  Characteristics 
— Population — The  Pioneers — Mills  and  Other  Enterprises — Schools — Justices  of 
the  Peace — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies— Villages  and  PostofBces,  360-36* 

CHAPTER   XXV. 

MlDDLEBURY     TOWXSIIIP. 

Organization — Reduction  of  Area — I'hyslcal  Features — Streams — Population — Early 
Settlers — Early  and  Later  Enterprises — Schools  and  Justices — Churches — Cem- 
eteries— Societies — Villages 369-378 

CHAPTER   XXVI. 

Farminoton  Township. 

Organization — Area  and  Boundaries — Physical  Characteristics — Streams  and  Drain- 
age— Population — Early  Settlers — ifanufacturing  Enterprises — Schools  and  Jus- 
tices— Churches — Cemeteries — ^Postoffices  and  Postmasters 379-38S 

CHAl'TER   XXVII. 

Elkland  Borouoh. 

The  Old  Township  of  Elkland — Its  Organization  and  Boundaries — Reductions  of 
Area — Organized  as  a  Borough — Enlargement  of  Borough  Limits — Pioneer  Set- 
tlers— Village  Growth — Later  Enterprises — Schools — Hotels — Borough  Organiza- 
tion and  Officials— Postmasters—Physicians  and  Lawyers— Newspapers— Churches 
— Cemeteries — Societies 384-394 

CHAPTKR   XXVIII. 

Osceola  BoRorcH. 

Borough  Organization — Unusual  Area — The  Village  of  Osceola — Physical  Features — 
Streams — The  Word  "Cowanesque" — Its  Derivation  and  Definition — "Pindar- 
WUe" — Origin  of  Name — Population— Lands  and  Settlement — Early  and  Later 
Industries — Inns  and  Hotels — Schools — Borough  Organization  and  Officials — 
Physicians— Churches — Cemeteries— Secret  Societies,   395-404 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 

Nelson   BoRoroH. 

Organization — Area  and  Boundaries — Streams — Physical  Features — Early  Settlers — 
Manufacturing  and  Business  Enterprises — Borough  Organization  and  Officials — 
Physicians — Schools — Churches  and  Cemeteries — Societies,   404-411 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTEK  XXX. 

Deebfield  Township. 

Organization — Changes  of  Area — Streams,  Soil  and  Forest  Growth — ^Population — 
Early  Settlers — The  Strawbridge  Lands — Business  and  Manufacturing  Enter- 
prises— Schools — Early  Physicians  and  Justices — Churches  and  Cemeteries — 
Villages 413-420 

CHAPTEE  XXXI. 

Knoxville  Bobgugh. 

Organization — Origin  of  Name — Area  and  Elevation — ^Billings  Park — Population — 
Early  Settlers — Manufacturing  Enterprises — ^Mercantile  Enterprises — Inns  and 
Hotels — Schools — Borough  Organization  ajid  Officials — Postmasters — Physicians 
and  Lawyers — Newspapers — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies,  421-430 

CHAPTER   XXXII. 

Westeield  Township. 

Organization — ^Physical  Characteristics — ^Population — Early  Settlers — Early  Enter- 
prises— Schools  and  Justices — Churches  and  Cemeteries — Villages,  430-437 

CHAPTEE   XXXIII. 

Westfield  Boeotigh. 

Location  and  Surroundings — Population  and  Taxable  Property — Early  Settlers — 
Borough  Organization  and  Officials — Postmasters — ^Physicians  and  Lawyers — 
Business  and  Manufacturing  Enterprises — Incorporated  Companies — ^Hotels — ■ 
Newspapers — ^Eailroads — Churches  and  Cemeteries — Societies,  438-449 

CHAPTEE   XXXIV. 

Beookfield    Township. 

Organization — ^Location  and  Area — -Physical  Features^-Streams — ^Forest  Growth — 
Population — Justices  of  the  Peace — Early  Settlers — Mills  and  Factories — Schools 
— Churches     and     Cemeteries — ^Villages, 449-456 

CHAPTEE   XXXV. 

Chatham  Township. 

Organization— Eeduction  of  Area—Physical  Characteristics— Streams— Timber  Growth 
— Early  Settlers — Pioneer  Industries — Schools  and  Justices — Churches  and  Ceme- 
teries— Societies — Villages  and  Postoffices,  457-463 

CHAPTEE   XXXVI. 

Clymek   Township. 

Organization — Origin  of  Name— William  B.  Clymer — His  Generous  Treatment  of 
Settlers — Physical  Features  of  Township — Forest  Growth — Streams — ^.f^rea — 
Early  Settlers — Early  Industries — Schools  and  Justices — Churches  and  Ceme- 
teries— Societies — ^Villages  and  Postoffices,    463-469 


COXTENTS.  xi 


CHAPTER   XXXVri. 

Shippek   Township. 

Organization — Present  Boundaries  and  Area — Streams — Physical  Features — Popula- 
tion— Early  Settlers — King  and  Manning's  Explorations — Big  Meadows — The 
Furmans — Assessment  of  1824 — Division  of  Township — Settlers  on  Marsh  Creek — 
Early  Mills — Schools  and  Justices — Churches  and  Cemeteries — Villages 469-474 

CHAPTER   XXXVIII. 

Gaines   Township. 

Organization — Reduction  of  Area — Derivation  of  Name — Physical  Characteristics — 
Streams — Timber  and  Game — Population — Early  Settlers — Past  and  Present  En- 
terprises— The  Gaines  Coal  and  Coke  Company — Early  Schools — Physicians  and 
Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies— Villages  and  Postoffices, 475-488 

CHAPTKU    XXKIX. 

Elk   Tow.nsiiip. 

Organization — Boundaries  and  .\rea — Mountains  and  Streams — Timber — Population 
— Early  Settlers — Industrial  I'^ntcrpriKes — Schools  and  Churches — Justices  of  the 
Peace — Villages Is.i-iSS 

CHAPTER    xr.. 

MoiiRis    Township. 

Organization — Reductions  of  Area — Physical  Characteristics — Timber  and  Coal — 
Streams — Railroads — Population — Pioneer  Settlement — Mills  and  Other  Enter- 
prises—SchooIs^Physicians  and  Justices- — Churches— Societies — \'illages  and 
Postoffices 486-493 

CHAPTER    XLI. 

DrxfAS    Township. 

Derivation  of  Name — Organization — Area — Boundaries^ — .Vltitude — Population — Jus- 
tices— The  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company — The  Villag-e  of  .\ntrim — Hotels — Postmas- 
ters—Schools— Physicians — Societies^Churches — Villag-es,    4!i:;-497 

CHAPTER    XLII. 

TlOOA     TOW.NSHIP. 

Organization — Reductions  of  Area— Physical  Features — Streams — Population — Pio- 
neer Settlers — Early  Enterprises — Schools  and  Justices — Churches  and  Ceme- 
teries— Villages  and  Postoffices 498-504 

CHAPTER    XLIII. 

TlOOA     BOROUOH. 

Description— Physical  Characteristics- Early  Settlers — Population — Village  Indus- 
tries and  Enterprises— Early  Physicians  and  Lawyers— Early  and  Later  Hotels — 
Borough  Organization  and  Officials— \illage  and  Boroiiph  Xewspmpers — Schools 
— Churches— Secret  Societies — Later  Business  and  Manufacturing  Enterprises— 
'I'iojra  Water  Works — Hose  Companies— Pire  and  Flood ,103-520 


Xii  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER   XLIV. 

Lawrence    Township    and    Lawrencetille. 

Township  Organization — Selection  of  Name — Boundaries  and  Area — Physical  Fea- 
tures—Early Land  Troubles— Conflicting  Claims  of  Pennsylvania  and  Connecti- 
cut—Final Settlement  of  the  Dispute— The  State  Line  Survey— Hon.  Samuel 
Baker,  the  First  White  Settler— Other  Early  Settlers— The  Borough  of  Lawrence- 
ville — Manufacturing  and  Business  Enterprises — ^Physicians  and  Lawyers — News- 
papers— Schools — Churches,  Sabbath-Schools  and  Cemeteries — Justices  and  Bur- 
gesses— Societies — Horacetown,    530-542 

CHAPTER   XLV. 

Jackson   Township. 

Organization— Origin  of  Name— Original  Area— Present  Boundaries— Physical  Fea- 
tures—Streams—Altitude—Population—Pioneer Settlemenl^Early  Milling  En- 
terprises— Schools — ^Physicians,  Lawyers  and  Justices — Churches  and  Cemeteries 
—Societies— Villages  and  Postoflaces, 543-550 

CHAPTER   XLVI. 

KuTLAND   Township. 

Organization— Boundaries — Physical  Features — Streams— Iron  Ore — Population- 
Early  Settlers— Mills  and  Other  Enterprises— Schools— Physicians  and  Justices — 
Churches  and  Cemeteries — Eoseville  Borough 551-556' 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 

SuxLivAN  Township. 

Organization — Original  Area  and  Present  Boundaries — Soil  and  Products — Streams — 
Derivation  of  Name — Population — Early  Settlers — Business  Enterprises — Schools 
— Physicians  and  Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Secret  Societies — Borough  of 
Mainesburg — Villages  and  PostofEces 557-566 

CHAPTER  XL VIII. 

Richmond    Township. 

Organization — Physical  Characteristics — Streams — ^Mineral  Deposits — Pioneer  Set- 
tlers— Pioneer  Enterprises — Schools  and  Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Vil- 
lages  567-574 

CHAPTER   XLIX 

Mansfield   Bohough. 

Location  and  Surroundings— Early  Settlers  and  Enterprises— Borough  Organization 
and  OfBcials — Fire  Department — Postmasters,  Physicians  and  Lawyers — Hotels 
—Public  Schools— Mansfield  Classical  Seminary— The  Mansfield  State  Normal 
School— The  Soldiers'  Orphan  Home— Business  Colleges— Later  Industries  and 
Enterprises— Newspapers— Churches  and  Cemeteries— Societies,  575-592 


CONTENTS.  xiii 


CHAPTEE    L. 

Covington  Township. 

Organization — Original  and  Present  Area — Drainage  and  Physical  Features — Popula- 
tion— Early  Settlers — Early  and  Later  Enterprises — Schools— Postmasters  and 
Justices — Churches,  Cemeteries  and  Societies 593-596 

CHAPTER    LI. 

Covington  Borough. 

Location  and  Surroundings — Population — Early  Settlers — Manufacturing  Enterprises 
— Early  Hotel  Keepers  and  Merchants — Borough  Organization  and  Officials — 
Postmasters  and  Physicians — Newspapers — Schools — Churches  and  Secret  So- 
cieties,      507-604 


CHAPTER    Lll. 

Bloss   Township. 

Organization — Physical  Features — Stream.s — Forost  firowth— Mineral  Deposit,-;— Lim- 
ited Agriculture — Justices  of  the  Peace — Changes  in  .\rea  and  Population— The 
niossburg  Coal  Company — Arnot — Churches — Societies— Landrus 604-610 


CHAPTER   LIII. 

BLOssnt'RO    BonouGH. 

The  Williamson  Road— Peter's  Cnrnp — Borough  Site  and  Surroundings- Pioneer 
Settlers — Early  Industries  and  Enterprisos— Discoverj-  of  Conl — Judge  Knapp's 
Enterprises — The  Arbon  Conl  C'onipiuiy—A  Real  Kstate  Boom — The  Corning  and 
Blossburg  Railroad— The  Seymour  House— Sir  Charles  Lyoll's  Visit— Window 
Glass  Jfanufaetory- The  Morris  Run  Roilroad— The  Arnot  Branch— Borough  Or- 
ganization ond  Oifleiiils— Fire  Department- The  Fire  of  187,3 — Physirians  and 
Lawyers— Sehools—Churches  and  Cemeteries — Societies — Later  Business  Co'r- 
porations— The  Cottage  State  Hospital r,n-02j 

CHAPTER   LIV. 

Hamilton  ToyrNsitip. 

Organization— Physical  Characteristics— Mineral  Wealth— Streams— Railroads— Pop- 
ulation—Justices  of  the  Peace — Morris  Run  Mines  and  Railroad— Coal  Mining 
Companies— The  A'illage  of  Morris  Run — Schools  and  Churches — Societies 625-630 

CHAPTER    LV. 

Wakd   Township. 

Organization— Reduction  of  .\rea— Drainage — Population — .Justices  of  the  Peace — 
Early  Settlers — Manufacturing  Enterprises — Sehools — Churches,  Cemeteries  and 
Soeieties,    630-632 


^{y  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

Fall   Bkook   Borough. 

Location  and  Surroundings— The  Pall  Brook  Coal  Company— Its  Organization  and 
History — Borough  Organization  and  Officials — Schools — Churches — Societies,.. 633-638 

CHAPTER  LVII. 

LiBEKTT    Township. 

Organization — Physical  Characteristics — Soil  and  Products — Coal  and  Iron — Timber 
— Streams — Population — Pioneer  Settlement — First  White  Men — The  District 
Line — ^Williamson  Road — ^The  Block  House — Anthony,  the  First  Landlord — 
Other  Early  Settlers — Mills  and  Other  Enterprises — Physicians  and  Justices — 
Schools — Churches  and  Cemeteries — Societies — Liberty  Borough — Villages  and 
Postoffices 639-649 

CHAPTER  LVIIL 

Union    Township. 

Organization — Physical  Features — Streams — Population — Pioneer  Settlers — Early 
and  Later  Enterprises — Schools — ^Physicians  and  Justices — Churches,  Cemeteries 
and  Societies — Villages,  649-654 


CHAPTER  LIX. 

BlOGKAPHICAL,      SKETCHES. 

Wellsboro— Delmar  and  Charleston  Townships,  655-780 

CHAPTER   LX. 

BlOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 

Middlebury  and  Farmington  Townships— Nelson,  Elkland  and  Osceola  Boroughs, ..  780-867 

CHAPTER  LXI. 

BlOGHAPHICAL      SKETCHES. 

Deerfield   Township  and   Knoxville  Borough-Westfield   Township   and   Boroueh— 

Brookfield  Township 

^  867-947 

CHAPTER  LXII. 

BlOGBAPHICAL      SKETCHES. 

Chatham,  Clymer,  Gaines,  Elk  and  Shippen  Townships, 947-986 

CHAPTER  LXIIL 

Biographical    Sketches. 

Tioga  Township  and  Borough— Lawrence  Township  and  Lawrenceville  Borough- 
Jackson  Township,   987-1049 


CONTENTS.  XV 

CHAPTER  LXIV. 

B100RA.PHICAI.    Sketches. 

Richmond  Township  and  Mansfield  Borough — Sullivan  Township  and  Mainesburg' — 
Rutland  Township,   1050-1107 

CHAPTER  LXV. 

BiooBAPHiCAi,    Sketches. 

Covingrton  Township  and  Borough— The  Blossburg  Coal  Region— Liberty  and  Union 

Townships — Morris  Township 1107-1160 


^^^^^ 1161-1186 


Map  of  Tioga  County 16 


'^"1^ 


HISTOEY  OF 

TIOGA  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

TOPOGEAPHICAL  AXD  GEOLOGICAL  FEATUEES. 

Surface  Teansfoemation— Mountain  Ranges— Anticlin a ls  and  Synclinals— 
The  Blossbueq  Mountain  Basin— Dip  of  the  Rocks— Wellsboeo  Anticlinal 
— Ceooked  Creek  Basin— Valley  of  the  Cow anesque— Streams  of  the 
County^The  Tioga  River— Crooked  Creek— Lycoming  Creek— Pine  Creek 
—Marsh  Ceeek— The  Cowanesque  River— Minor  Streams— concluding 
Observations. 


BEFORE  proceeding  to  write  a  general  history  of  Tioga  county,  from  its  earliest 
settlement  to  the  present,  it  is  dut'iiifJ  best  to  first  deal  with  its  topographical  and 
geological  features,  and  to  give,  from  the  scientific  sources  availaMu,  some  idea  of 
how,  through  the  ages  that  liave  elapsed  since  the  beginning  of  time,  the  surface  of 
the  county  came  to  take  on  its  i)rosent  varied  and  picturesque  appearance.  In  doing 
this,  a  free  use  has  been  made  of  the  exfclloiit  report  of  Andrew  Sherwood,  of  Mans- 
field, Tioga  county,  which  ajipcars  in  \'olume  G,  of  the  Soeond  Geological  Survey  of 
Pennsylvania. 

It  may  bo  well  to  preface  the  liberal  extracts  from  this  report  with  a  general 
statement  to  the  ctToit,  that  there  was  a  time,  in  the  remote  past,  when,  if  the  story  of 
the  rocks  hns  been  rightly  read  and  interpreted,  the  surface  of  Tioga  county  jtrescnted 
a  radically  different  appearaiue  from  what  it  does  at  present.  To  those  miglity  con- 
vulsions of  nature,  known  as  earthquakes;  to  floods  and  frosts  and  the  erosion  of  ages, 
must  be  attributed  the  wonderful  work  of  transformation,  ilountains  that  were  once 
thousands  of  feet  high,  inclosing  basins  in  which  were  deposited  successive  seams  of 
coal,  have  disappeared,  and,  in  the  form  of  sand  and  mud,  have  been  borne  on  the 
currents  of  the  Tioga  river.  Pine  creek  and  other  streams  to  the  Susquehanna  and  the 
sea.  The  story  is  full  of  interest,  and  the  student  who  seeks  to  read  it,  will  find  him- 
self constantly  confronted  with  eloquent  evidence  of  the  fact  that, 

God  moves  in  a  mysterious  way. 
His  wonders  to  perform, 
and  that  while  much  is  hidden,  or  lies  beyond  the  grasp  of  the  finite  mind  of  man, 
enough  has  been  revi'aicd  to  show  that  "order  is  HeavcnV  first  law,"  and  that  what- 
ever changes  have  been  wrouglit  in  the  surface  appearance  of  Tioga  county,  are  the 
result  of  an  orderly  operation  of  laws  fixed  and  eternal  as  the  universe  itself. 


18  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


In  his  report,  after  a  brief  descriptive  introduction,  Mr.  Sherwood  says: 

"The  Allegheny  mountain  plateau  of  Lycoming  and  Potter  counties  begins  in 
Tioga  county  to  break  up  into  parallel  flat-topped  mountains,  supporting,  in  shallow 
basins,  several  isolated  coal  fields  and  numerous  >  smaller  coal  patches.  These 
synclinal  mountains  are  separated  from  each  other  by  broad  anticlinal  valleys  of 
Devonian  rocks.  Culture  is  confined  to  these  valleys,  and  the  villages  and  towns  are 
situated  in  them;  while  the  steep  mountain  slopes  and  broad  tops  are  covered  with 
forest,  and  often  with  continuous  sheets  of  angular  blocks  of  the  conglomerate,  the 
edge  of  which  forms  continuous  lines  of  vertical  cliiis  from  50  to  100  feet  high, 
gashed  with  dark  chasms.  Three  such  mountain  ranges  penetrate  into,  and  two  of 
them  pass  through,  the  county  about  north  sixty  degrees  east,  and  a  fourth  just 
touches  its  southeast  corner. 

"The  southwest  corner  of  the  county  is  part  of  the  general  Potter-Lycoming  Alle- 
gheny mountain  plateau,  cut  through  to  its  base  by  the  deep,  dark  gorge,  or  canon, 
of  Pine  creek,  and  over  this  spread  the  townships  of  Elk,  Morris  and  Gaines.  The 
first  and  principal  mountain  range  is  merely  a  projection  of  this  plateau,  north  sixty 
degrees  east,  through  Morris,  Liberty,  Bloss  and  Ward,  ending  roundly  in  Armenia 
township,  Bradford  county.  The  range  is  drained  southwestwardly  along  its  center 
line — representing  the  axis  of  the  synclinal,  or  deepest  part  of  the  trough — by  the 
Second  Fork  (Babb's  creek)  of  Pine  creek;  and  the  extraordinary  spectacle  is  here 
exhibited  of  several  large  streams  from  the  Wellsboro  valley  flowing  towards  the 
north  fall  of  the  mountain,  entering  it  and  uniting  with  the  main  stream  along  its 
middle  line."         ****         ********** 

"This  topographical  phenomenon  is  repeated  in  the  next  mountain  range  to  the 
north,  and  is  an  example  on  a  small  scale  of  a  law  much  more  grandly  illustrated  by 
the  rivers  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  which  flow  into  the  Ohio  river  above  and  below 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia. 

"The  eastern  end  of  this  first  mountain  range".  *  *  *  «^g  ^  ^^^^  p^^^j 
basin  drained  by  the  Tioga  river,  which  breaks  out  from  a  gap  in  the  north  wall  near 
Blossburg,  and  flows  due  north  into  the  State  of  New  York.  The  run  of  the  Bloss- 
burg  coal  basin — in  Bloss,  Ward,  Armenia  and  Union  townships — is  the  edge  of  the 
cup  of  the  conglomerate,  forming  an  unbroken  ellipse  of  cliffs,  from  which  the  spec- 
tator looks  down  a  thousand  feet  upon  the  broad  valleys  of  Mansfield  and  Wellsboro 
to  the  northwest;  over  the  open  rolling  county  of  Bradford  county  to  the  north  and 
east;  and  into  the  narrower  valley  of  the  Lycoming,  separating  the  Blossburg  from 
the  Towanda  mountain. 

"The  second  mountain  range"  *  *  *  "is  a  projection  from  the  Potter 
coimty  plateau,  north  seventy  degrees  east,  through  Shippen,  Middlebury  and  Tioga 
townships,  in  which  last  it  ends  as  boldly  as  the  Blossburg  range  ends  in  Armenia 
township.  Through  its  western  mass  Pine  creek  and  its  waters  cut  canons  nearly 
1,000  feet  deep.  In  the  middle  of  its  course  the  mountain  receives  from  the  Wells- 
boro valley  on  the  south,  and  Chatham-Farmington  valley  on  the  north,  several  large 
streams  which  approach,  enter  and  unite  within  and  flow  along  the  center  line  of  the 
mountain  in  a  long  canon,  splitting  the  mountain  lengthwise  into  two.  Further  east 
the  Tioga  river  cuts  square  through  the  mountain,  isolating  its  eastern  end.  Steep 
slopes  of  sand  rock  form  the  rim  of  the  flat  top  of  the  mountain,  and  the  summit  line 


TOPOGBAPHICAL  AND   GEOLOGICAL  FEATUBE8.  19 

of  the  canon  on  both  sides.  Small  patches  of  the  lowest  coal  bed  have  been  left 
along  the  summit,  but  all  other  traces  of  the  coal  formation  have  been  swept  away, 
except  in  Gaines  township. 

"The  third  mountain  range  passes  through  the  northwest  comer  of  the  county — 
Brookfield  and  Deerfield  townships — and  from  it  descend  the  branches  of  Cowau- 
esque  river,  which  flows  in  a  pretty  straight  line  about  north  seventy-five  degrees  east 
for  fifteen  miles,  at  its  foot.  No  coal  measures  are  left  upon  this  mountain  range, 
and  the  conglomerate  becoming  comparatively  fine-grained  and  thin-bedded,  does 
not  furnish  its  top  with  the  same  remarkable  cliffs.  To  this  enfeebled  condition  of 
the  conglomerate  is  no  doubt  due  the  erosion  of  the  overlying  coal  measures."     *     * 

"Descending  from  any  part  of  the  rim  of  cliffs  at  the  top  of  either  of  the  three 
ranges  of  mountains  in  Tioga  county,  the  geologist  climbs  down  a  steep  slope  over 
the  nearly  horizontal  edges  of  always  one  and  the  same  system  of  rock  formations. 
The  surface  geology  of  Tioga  county  is,  therefore,  monotonously  simple  to  an  extra- 
ordinary degree."        *♦******•*»* 

"In  the  Blossburg  basin  there  remain  several  hundred  feet  of  the  lower  coal 
measures  holding  several  valuable  beds.  And  this  exception  to  the  universal  destruo- 
tion  is  due  to  the  fact  that,  around  Blossburg,  the  trough  which  extends  for  a  hun- 
dred miles  through  Bradford,  Tioga  and  Lycoming  counties,  and  is  traceable  still 
further  to  the  northeast  and  to  the  southwest,  is  exceptionally  deep  in  thi.-;  part  of  its 
course,  the  coal  in  the  bottom  of  it  having  been  somewhat  protected  Ijy  steeper  dips 
than  usual  on  the  sides,  and  by  a  somewhat  greater  breadth  of  bottom.  Whurevui- 
this  and  the  other  parallel  troughs  are  flat  and  shallow  the  toiil  beds,  wanting  this 
protection,  have  been  gradually  washed  away.  But  if  in  past  ages  the  mountain.s 
have  been  several  thousand  feet  higher  than  they  are  now,  so  also  have  been  the 
valleys.  In  fact  the  valleys  have  suffered  more  from  erosion  than  the  mountains." 
*  *  *  "Originally  they  were  higher  than  the  mountains  In  spite  of  the  sin- 
gularity of  this  assertion  it  is  strictly  true,  and  any  inliabitant  of  Tioga  county  can 
vorify  the  fact  by  his  own  observation." 

ANTICLINALS    AND   SYNCLINALS. 

"It  is  only  necessary  to  notice  that,  throughout  Tioga  county,  all  the  rocks  of 
every  kind,  and  in  every  place,  dip  away  from  the  middle  lines  of  the  valleys  towards, 
into  and  under  the  mountains.  The  strata  lie  flat  along  the  center  lines  of  the 
valleys,  and  also  lie  flat  in  the  middle  of  each  mountain  range.  But  on  the  north 
facu  of  a  mountain  they  dip  south,  and  on  the  south  face  they  dip  north,  in  all  cases. 
There  is  even  a  very  slight,  almost  imperceptible,  dip  at  the  end  of  each  mountain 
into  the  mountain.    The  rule  is  absolutely  universal."      *♦•••* 

"In  the  valley  of  the  Cowanesque,  the  rocks  seen  along  the  river  dip  south 
towards  Tioga  and  go  under  the  mountain  at  Crooked  creek;  and  they  dip  nortli 
towards  Lawrenceville  and  go  under  the  mountain  at  Osceola  and  Elkland.  So 
again  around  Canton,  the  rocks  may  be  seen  dipping  gently  northwest  into  and  under 
tlie  Blossburg  mountain,  and  also  southeast  into  and  under  the  Towanda  mountain. 

"The  rule  is,  then,  that  the  valleys  are  arches  or  nnticlinals,  and  the  mountains 
are  all  troughs,  basins  or  synclinals." 


20  HISTOBY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


THE   BLOSSBUEG   MOUNTAIN  BASIN. 

"The  Blossburg  mountain  basin  lies  between  the  Towanda  anticlinal  valley  on 
the  south,  and  the  Mansfield  and  Wellsboro  anticlinal  valley  on  the  north.  The 
mountain  mass  is  called  by  people  in  Bradford  county  the  Armenia  mountains.  In 
Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  it  has  received  the  more  unpretentious  name  of 
Brier  Hill. 

"The  north  flank  of  this  range  enters  Tioga  county  at  its  southwest  corner; 
crosses  Cedar  creek  one  or  two  miles  below  the  old  lumber  camps  of  S.  X.  Billings, 
in  Elk  township;  Pine  creek,  towards  the  northwest  corner  of  Morris  township; 
Stony  Fork,  about  two  miles  south  of  Stony  Fork  postoffice;  Wilson  creek,  about  half 
a  mile  below  its  forks,  in  Delmar  township;  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  and  Antrim 
railroad,  near  the  north  line  of  Duncan  township,  and  enters  Covington  township 
about  a  mile  south  of  Cherry  Flats.  It  crosses  the  Tioga  river  about  two  miles  above 
Covington  borough,  entei-ing  Sullivan  township  at  its  southwest  corner.  It  enters 
Bradford  county  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Columbia  township,  keeping  very  nearly 
on  the  line  between  Armenia  and  Columbia.  It  then  turns  south,  and  keeps  along 
the  line  between  Armenia  and  Troy,  and  so  follows  round  the  Armenia  township 
line  back  into  Tioga  county,  as  the  south  flank  of  the  mountain,  through  Union, 
Liberty  and  Morris,  west  of  the  village  of  Nauvoo  and  north  of  Zimmerman's  creek. 
This  line  passes  about  a  mile  north  of  Ogden's  Corners,  in  Union  township. 

"The  mountainous  region  thus  enclosed  embraces  the  south  side  of  Elk,  nearly 
all  of  Morris  and  Duncan,  the  north  side  of  Liberty  and  Union,'and  the  south  side  of 
Covington  and  Sullivan,  all  of  Bloss,  Hamilton  and  Ward  townships,  Tioga  county; 
and  in  Bradford  county  all  of  Armenia,  making  a  precipitous  wall  at  the  eastern  line 
of  this  township. 

"The  center  line,  or  synclinal  axis,  comes  up  from  the  southwest  out  of  Potter 
and  Clinton  counties,  south  of  Kettle  creek,  and  enters  Tioga  county  near  the  south- 
east corner  of  Elk,  from  whence  it  passes  through  the  heart  of  Morris,  crossing  Pine 
creek  near  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  and  rimning  across  the  southeast  comer  of 
Duncan  and  through  the  central  part  of  Bloss  and  Hamilton  to  the  Tioga  river  at 
Blossburg,  from  whence  it  passes  through  the  center  of  Ward  to  the  county  line." 
**************** 

"The  great  curve,  to  the  south  of  its  true  course,  thus  described  by  the  Bloss- 
burg synclinal  axis,  as  it  approaches  the  Susquehanna,  is  very  remarkable,  but  cor- 
responds with  a  similar  curve  made  by  the  Towanda  synclinal  axis  as  it  approaches 
the  river.  Both  of  these  lines  resume  their  normal  east  northeast  direction  after 
crossing  the  river.  There  must  be  some  deep-seated  and  far-acting,  cause  for  this 
deflection.  It  is  made  more  striking  by  the  comparative  straightness  of  the  inter- 
mediate Towanda  creek  anticlinal  axis.  Yet  this  latter  also  shows  that  it  sympa- 
thizes with  the  movement  by  a  slight  but  decided  similar  curve  south  of  Towanda. 
In  Tioga  county  the  axis  of  the  Blossburg  synclinal  runs  through  the  mountain  much 
nearer  to  its  north  than  to  its  south  side."        ******** 


TOPOGEAPHtCAL    AND    GEOLOGICAL    FEATTTBE3.  21 

DIP  OF  THE  BOCKS. 

"Catskill  red  rocks  occupy  the  lower  half  of  the  mountain  side  in  Tioga  county, 
and  Vespertine  gray  rocks,  with  occasional  red  beds,  reach  nearly  to  the  top  of  the 
mountain. 

"The  dip  is  always  southward  in  towards  the  heart  of  the  mountain,  or  center 
of  the  basin,  and  is  strongest  in  inclination  just  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain.  The 
south  dip  in  the  north  wall  of  the  basin  being  steeper  than  the  north  dip  in  the 
south  wall.  But  the  south  dip  along  the  north  side  of  the  Blossburg  basin  is  much 
less  steep  than  the  corresponding  south  dip  along  the  north  side  of  the  Towanda 
basin.  The  north  dip  was  observed  at  many  places  in  the  vicinity  of  Ogden's  Comers 
and  Union  Center;  northwest  of  Canton;  near  Alba;  near  East  Troy;  and  in  the 
banks  of  the  Susquehanna,  opposite  and  a  little  above  Towanda. 

"The  south  dip  was  seen  on  Cedar  creek,  below  Billinjis'  lumber  camp;  on  Pine 
creek,  in  Morris  township;  at  the  forks  of  Stony  Fork;  on  AVilson  creek,  at  the  flag- 
ston  quarries;  along  the  Tioga  railroad,  midway  between  Blossburg  and  Covington, 
and  at  many  other  points  in  Tioga  county."       ••♦**♦*♦ 

''Red  Catskill  outcrops  are  frequent,  especially  alunfr  Odar  creek.  Pine  eieek 
and  Babb's  creek,  with  their  tributaries,  where  Formation  IX.  is  often  .seen  at  the 
surface.  But  perhaps  the  best  exposures  of  these  beds  is  along  the  Ti(ij,'a  railroad, 
between  Blossburg  and  Covington,  in  Tioga  county.  Other  locations  are  along  Sugar 
creek  and  a  few  points  below  Troy."       ••♦•♦***•♦ 

"The  Vespertine  may  be  seen  along  l')iil>b's  creek;  in  the  narniws  below  Bloss- 
b\irg,  where  the  lower  beds  are  exposed,  at  their  junction  with  IX.;  in  the  side  of  Big 
mountain,  between  Blossburg  and  Covington ;  in  the  narrows  two  or  three  mUes  above 
Blossburg,  in  Tioga  county;  and  at  "Prospect  Rock,"  on  ilnunt  Pisgah,  in  I'.radford 
county. 

"The  Umbral  red  shale,  from  its  soft  nature,  is  not  often  seen  at  the  surface, 
except  in  small  ledges  on  the  mountain  tops.  The  Serai  Conglomerate  is  exposed 
along  the  mountain  tops  west  of  Cedar  creek,  in  Klk  township;  along  the  railroad  a 
little  north  of  Antrim;  and  at  many  points  in  the  vicinity  of  Blossburg."  *  •  ♦ 
"The  Catskill  rocks  are  thinner  in  the  Blossluirg  basin  than  in  the  'I^jwiimla  basin  by 
200  or  300  feet."  *  •  *  "Qn  the  southern  side  the  Catskill  red  rocks 
spread  out  over  the  hills  for  one  or  two  miles  from  the  south  foot  of  the  mountain." 
*  *  *  "The  Catskill  red  rocks  sweep  round  the  east  end  of  the  Armenia 
mountain,"  ♦  ♦  ♦  "supporting  three  elevated  patches  of  the  Vespertine, 
one  of  which  is  Jlount  Pisgah."  Here  "it  seems  the  true  non-fossiliferous  red  Cats- 
kill  beds  of  the  Blossburg  mountain  region  cease."  *  «  *  "Catskill  rocks 
may  be  seen  on  Cedar  creek.  Pine  creek  and  other  streams.  At  the  forks  of  Stony 
Fork  red  shale  is  exposed,  dipping  rapidly  to  the  south.  Under  the  red  shale  lie  fifty 
feet  or  more  of  gray  shale  and  sandstone." 

WELLSBOBO  ANTICLINAL. 

Continuing  his  interesting  description,  Mr.  Sherwood  says: 
"The  Mansfield  and  Wellsboro  anticlinal  axis  and  valley  lies  betwein  the  Bloss- 
burg mountain  lia.-;iii  mi  the  south,  and  the  Crooked  creek  (Mill  creek)  mountain 


22  '  HISTORY    OE    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


basin  on  the  north.  The  axial  line  of  the  anticlinal  crosses  the  west  line  of  Tioga 
county  about  two  miles  and  a  half  north  from  the  southwest  county  corner — ^runs 
through  Elk  township,  crossing  Cedar  creek  at  its  fork;"  *  *  *  "crosses 
Pine  creek  somewhere  above  Eound  Island;  passes  two  miles  south  of  Wellsboro; 
leaves  Charleston  township  near  East  Charleston;  crosses  Tioga  river  a  mile  and  a 
half  above  Mansfield,  near  Canoe  Camp,"  and  finally  enters  Bradford  county. 

"When  traced  in  an  opposite  direction,  or  towards  the  southwest,  this  anticlinal 
sends  off  a  branch  across  Pine  creek,  through  the  northern  portion  of  Elk  township, 
into  Potter  county."  *  *  *  "The  same  conditions  as  belonging  to  the 
Blossburg  basin  are  repeated  here."  *  *  *  "The  two  diverging  anticlinals 
are  much  diminished  in  force  as  they  radiate  from  the  point  of  separation. 

"The  anticlinal  valley  divides  (with  the  axis)  west  of  Pine  creek,  one  arm  extend- 
ing to  the  southwest,  between  the  Blossburg  and  the  Kettle  creek  mountain  basins; 
the  other  extending  to  the  west,  along  the  south  line  of  Gaines  township,  between 
the  Kettle  creek  and  the  Mill  creek  mountain  basins."       ****** 

"Through  that  portion  of  Tioga  county  lying  east  of  Pine  creek,  the  anticlinal 
valley  spreads  southward  to  the  Blossburg  mountain  basin,  or  to  the  outcrop  of  the 
Vespertine  rocks,  which  may  be  traced  from  the  northwest  corner  of  Morris  township, 
through  the  southwest  corner  of  Sullivan  township  to  the  Bradford  county  line,  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Columbia  township. 

"It  spreads  northward  to  the  Mill  creek  mountain  basin,  or  to  the  outcrop  of  the 
Vespertine  rocks."  *  *  *  "jt  will  be  observed  that  the  belt  of  country 
through  which  it  passes  is  much  more  densely  populated  than  the  mountain  basins 
on  either  side,  which  shows  that  the  arable  lands  are  mostly  confined  to  the  anti- 
clinal. 

"The  Mansfield  and  "Wellsboro  valley  may  be  said  to  terminate  at  the  Bradford 
county  line,  not  by  closing  up,  but  by  opening  out  into  the  rolling  county  lying  to 
the  northeast,  over  which  anticlinal  and  synclinal  areas  have  alike  been  so  leveled 
down  that  the  existing  elevations  vary  but  little  in  height — say  200  or  300  feet  above 
the  Tioga  river  bed. 

"The  surface  of  the  "Wellsboro  valley  proper  is  rolling,  consisting  of  a  succession 
of  hills  and  valleys,  varying  but  little  in  general  appearance.  The  soil  is  moderately 
good;  as  good,  perhaps,  as  can  be  found  in  the  northern  tier  of  counties;  and  the 
region  may  be  considered  rich  in  agricultural  resources.  It  is  drained  by  the  waters 
of  Pine  creek  and  the  Tioga  river." 

CEOOKED  OEEEK  BASIN. 

"The  Crooked,  or  Mill  creek,  mountain  basin  lies  between  the  Mansfield  and 

"Wellsboro  anticlinal  valley  on  the  south,  and  the  Sabinsville — or  Cowanesque  river 

anticlinal  valley  on  the  north.  Its  south  wall  enters  Tioga  from  Potter  county,  on 
the  south  side  of  Pine  creek,  which  it  crosses  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  below' the 
mouth  of  Marsh  creek;  runs  thence  to  the  northeast  corner  of  Delmar-  thence 
through  the  northern  part  of  Charleston  and  Eichmond;  crossing  the  Tioga' river  at 
Lamb's  creek;  and  Mill  creek  at  the  mouth  of  Elk  run;  then  sweeping  around  to  meet 


TOPOGRAPHICAL    AXI)    GEOLOGICAL    FEATTJEES.  23 

the  north  flank  at  a  point  on  the  Rutland-Jackson  line,  a  mile  short  of  the  county 
line. 

"Its  northern  wall  enters  Tioga  from  Potter  county  in  the  southwest  part  of 
Clymer  township;  crosses  Long  run  at  its  forks;  passes  along  the  southern  edge  of 
Chatham  to  the  northeast  corner  of  Middlebury  township;  crosses  Crooked  creek  at 
Keeneyville,  and  again  near  Hammond;  the  Tioga  river  about  a  mile  south  of  Tioga 
borough;  keeping  through  the  center  of  Tioga  and  the  south  edge  of  Jackson  town- 
ship to  meet  the  south  wall  of  the  mountain,  as  before  described. 

"It  is  a  much  broken  mountainous  belt  of  country,  covering  the  northern  half 
of  Gaines,  the  northern  two-thirds  of  Shippen,  the  south  edge  of  Clj-mer  and  Chat- 
ham, the  north  part  of  Delmar,  the  northern  edge  of  Charleston  and  Richmond,  the 
northwest  part  of  Rutland,  the  southern  half  of  Middlebury,  the  southeastern  half  of 
Tioga  and  the  southern  edge  of  Jackson  townships. 

"Its  central  synclinal  axis  leaves  Potter  county  and  enters  Tioga  in  the  north 
part  of  Gaines  township.  Crossing  Long  run  between  ]>lue  run  and  Benn  Gully  run, 
it  makes  a  nearly  east  course  through  the  north  part  of  Sliippen,  across  the  head  of 
Asaph  and  Canada  runs,  to  j\Iiddlcbury  Centre  and  Ilolidaytown.  Ilonding  a  little 
to  the  north  it  crosses  the  Tioga  river  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek  and  enters  Bradford 
county  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Jackson  townshi])."      ♦****• 

"The  general  level  of  the  mountain  top — or  to]is,  for  tlioy  nro  numerous — is 
pretty  uniformly  at  the  same  height  above  tide.  In  the  western  part  of  Tioga  county 
its  surface  drainage  is  into  Pine  and  ^larsh  creeks,  with  their  numerous  arms — 
Phoenix  creek.  Long  run,  with  its  branches — Illue  run.  Gal  run,  Benn  (iully  run,  etc. 
— Shim  Hollow  run,  Aspah  run,  Canada  run,  etc.,  and  also  into  the  upper  branches 
of  the  ('(jwanescjue,  Mill  creek  and  the  Jemison. 

"Pine  and  Marsh  creeks  have  exenvated  their  channels  just  within  the  edge  of 
the  basin;  and  it  will  lie  noticed  tliat  the  point  where  the  two  streams  unite  and  leave 
the  basin  is  opposite  its  deepest  part.  The  principal  drainage  is,  therefore,  out  from 
the  south  side  of  tlio  middle  portion  of  an  oblong  oval  basin.  Of  course  it  is  here 
that  a  considerable  area  of  coal  measures  has  been  preserved. 

"The  mountain  mass,  which  in  Gaines  township,  is  cut  completely  through 
crosswise,  and  to  its  base,  by  Long  run  flowing  south  into  Pine  creek,  is  cut  up  into 
three  separate  isolated  knobs,  further  to  the  east,  by  Crooked  creek  and  its  branches. 
These  streams  cut  the  mountain  through  to  its  base. 

"Crooked  creek  has  a  curious  course,  entering  the  mountain  Ijasin  at  Keeney- 
ville, and  leaving  it  again  at  Hammond,  six  or  seven  miles  below,  on  the  same  side 
of  the  basin;  but  its  course  is  through  a  somewhat  shallower  ]iart  of  the  basin. 
Crooked  creek  is  here  joined  by  some  of  its  principal  tributaries,  as  Xorris  brook, 
Catlin  Hollow  run,  Hill's  creek,  Steven  House  run,  etc.  Mill  creek  joins  the  Tioga 
river  exactly  wjiere  the  center  line  of  the  synclinal  axis  crosses  the  river.  Its  prin- 
cipal feeders  having  their  sources  in  the  mountain  are  Cabin  run,  Painter  run  and 
Bailey  creek. 

"It  will  be  observed  that  the  Tiopa  river  cuts  straight  through  the  mountain, 
entering  it  at  Lamli's  creek  and  leaving  it  near  Tioga.  And  the  line  of  the  river 
rejireBente  the  transverse  axis  of  another  oblong  oval  basin  similar  to,  but  smaller 
than,  the  one  mentioned  before,  in  connection  with  Pine  and  Marsh  creeks.     This 


24  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


basin  is  only  deep  enough  to  retain  the  coal  conglomerate  on  the  mountain  top  ahoTO 
Painter  run,  a  short  distance  east  of  the  river.  The  course  of  the  Tioga  river  was 
evidently  determined  by,  first,  the  oval  basin  of  Tioga;  and  its  direction  from  one  to 
the  other,  north  twenty-five  degrees  west,  or  at  right  angles  to  the  course  of  the 
svnclinal."      ************** 

VALLEY  OF  THE  COWANESQtTE. 

"The  valley  of  the  Cowanesque  river  lies  between  the  Mill  creek  mountain  basin 
on  the  south,  and  the  Cowanesque  mountain  basin  on  the  north,  and  extends  for 
about  twenty-five  miles  from  the  Potter  county  line  to  the  Tioga  river.  Its  breadth 
varies  from  six  miles  at  its  western  to  ten  miles  at  its  eastern  end.  The  anticlinal  axis 
wiiich  runs  through  it  lengthwise  crosses  the  west  county  line  of  Clymer  township 
two  or  three  miles  south  of  the  southwest  corner;  passes  under  Sabinsville,  and  a  little 
to  the  north  of  Little  Marsh  postoiSce,  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Tioga  township; 
the  Tioga  river  at  or  near  Somer's  Lane;  thence  to  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
county.  It  continues  its  course  in  the  same  direction  through  Chemung  county, 
New  York.  The  south  edge  of  the  actual  valley  is  very  nearly  the  line  which  separ- 
ates the  Catskill  red  from  the  Vespertine  or  Catskill  gray  rocks,  and  may  be  said  to 
run  from  the  forks  of  Long  run  in  Clymer,  past  Keeneyville  and  Tioga,  to  the  south- 
east corner  of  Jackson  township. 

"The  northern  edge  of  the  valley  is  the  south  foot  of  the  Cowanesque  mountain, 
rising  directly  from  the  north  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river  as  far  as  Elkland.  The 
valley  includes  more  than  the  half  of  Clymer,  a  small  part  of  Westfield,  nearly  all 
of  Chatham,  the  whole  of  Parmington  and  a  part  of  Middlebury  townships.  The 
surface  is  made  up  of  low  rounded  hills;  the  soil  is  good,  and  adapted  to  grain  and 
stock  raising.  The  drainage  of  the  valley  is  complicated.  The  south  branches  of 
Cowanesque  river — Potter  brook  along  the  county  line.  Mill  creek  through  Sabins- 
ville, the  Jemison,  etc.,  drain  its  west  end,  northward;  while  the  heads  of  Long  run 
and  "Waddle's  branch  drain  the  south  dipping  country,  southward  into  Pine  creek.  In 
the  middle  region,  while  other  small  streams  flow  northward  iuto  the  Cowanesque, 
the  head  branches  of  Crooked  creek  drain  from  the  axis  at  Little  Marsh  and  Shorts- 
ville,  southward,  into  the  mountain.  The  eastern  end  of  the  valley  is  drained  by  the 
Elkhorn  east  southeastward  into  the  Tioga  at  Tioga  borough,  by  Mutton  Lane  and 
Somer's  Lane  creeks  also  into  the  Tioga;  while  Cowanesque  river  crosses  diagonally 
the  valley  from  Elkland  to  Lawrenceville  to  empty  its  abundant  waters  into  the 
Tioga." 

STREAMS  OE  THE  COUNTY. 

The  principal  streams  of  Tioga  county  are  the  Tioga  river,  the  Cowanesque  river. 
Crooked  creek  and  Pine  creek.  These  with  their  branches,  aided  by  other  smaller 
streams,  which  flow  into  Bradford,  Lycoming  and  Potter  counties,  have  been  leading 
agencies  in  transforming  the  surface  of  the  county,  a  work  they  are  still,  though  less 
effectively,  engaged  in. 

The  Tioga  River,  the  most  important  of  these,  rises  in  a  tamarack  swamp  on  the 
eastern  crest  of  the  Armenia  mountains,  and  is  first  known  as  Tamarack  creek  until 


TOPOGEAPHICAL    AND    GEOLOGICAL    FEATURES.  25 

joined  by  Morgan  creek  and  other  small  streams  at  the  county  line,  after  which  it  is 
known  as  the  Tioga  river.  Its  general  course  for  the  fixst  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  is 
to  the  southwest,  keeping  along  the  synclinal  axis  at  the  bottom  of  the  basin.  At  the 
mouth  of  Carpenter's  run,  about  two  miles  above  Blossburg,  it  turns  north,  and  after 
running  about  five  miles  escapes  from  the  mountains  into  the  Mansfield  and  "WeUs- 
boro  anticlinal  valley,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  above  Covington.  The  point  where  it 
turns  to  the  north  is  the  deepest  part  of  the  oblong  oval  basin  of  the  Blossburg  coal 
field. 

Inside  the  basin  the  Tioga  river  is  joined  by  the  South  creek.  Fall  brook.  Carpen- 
ter's run,  Taylor's  run,  Harris  run,  Coal  run,  Johnson  creek  and  East  creek,  all  rapid 
streams,  descending  with  the  dip  from  the  oval  rim  of  the  mountain,  cutting  deep 
furrow-like  vales,  and  removing  thousands  of  acres  of  coal  lands  which  once  existed, 
and  a  pile  of  coal  measures  of  perhaps  2,000  feet  in  thickness. 

Tioga  river  leaves  the  county  and  enters  New  York  State  at  an  elevation  of 
nearly  1,000  feet,  for  the  railroad  grade  at  Lawrenceville  on  the  State  line  is  1,006 
feet;  at  Mitchell's  creek  mouth,  1,0:^2  feet;  at  Tio^:;!  borough,  1,042  feet;  at  Mill 
creek  mouth,  1,077  feet;  at  Lamb's  creek,  1,111  IVet;  at  Mansfield,  1,140  feet;  at 
Canoe  Camp,  1,163  feet;  at  Covington,  1,208  feet;  and  at  Blossburg,  1,348  feet. 
Tioga  river  descends,  therefore,  about  350  feet  from  lilossburg  to  La\vreaceville,  a 
distance  of  twenty-two  miles,  in  a  nearly  straight  line — or  twenty-five  miles  by  its 
bends — at  the  rate  of  about  twenty-two  feet  per  mile  for  the  first  nine  miles,  and 
eleven  feet  per  mile  for  the  last  fourteen  miles.  It  falls  o(if)  feet  in  six  miles  above 
Blossburg,  from  the  Fall  Brook  coal  mines,  which  are  1,842  feet  above  tide;  and  the 
mountain  summit,  back  of  the  mines,  rises  several  hundred  feet  hiijlier. 

Crooked  Creek,  the  principal  tributary  of  the  Tioga  ri\er,  has  its  head  watrrs  in 
Chatham  township,  and  pursues  a  southeast  course  until  it  reaches  Jliddlebury  Cen- 
tre, when  it  turns  northeast  and  flows  through  Middleburj'  and  Tioga  townships, 
uniting  with  the  river  at  Tioga  borough.  The  Crooked  creek  canon,  which  splits 
the  second  mountain  range,  and  issues  at  Tioga  borough,  is  traversed  as  far  as  Mid- 
dlebury  Centre  by  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  running  from  Lawreneeville  to  the  An- 
trim mines,  of  the  first  or  Blossburg  range  by  way  of  Wellsboro.  At  Holidaytown 
its  grade  is  1,151  feet  above  tide  water;  at  Middlebury  Centre,  1,179  feet;  at  Wells- 
boro, the  county  seat,  in  the  center  of  the  valley,  and  on  the  crown  of  the  anticlinal 
and  divide  between  the  waters  which  flow  four  ways,  1,317  feet.  At  the  railroad 
summit,  in  a  low  gap  in  the  first  range,  it  is  1,862  feet,  and  at  the  Antrim  coal  mines. 
1,672  feet.  Antrim  terminus  and  Arnot  terminus  are  therefore  nearly  on  a  level 
with  each  other  and  with  the  Morris  run  terminus,  l.tJTS  feet. 

Li/coiiiing  ( 'reck,  another  important  stream,  which  skirts  the  southern  comer  of 
the  eounty.  Hows  at  the  same  level  as  the  Tioga  river  at  Covington;  the  grade  of  the 
Williamsport  and  Elmira  railroad  at  Carpenter  being  1,200  and  the  Tioga  railroad 
grade  at  Covington  1,208  feet. 

Pine  Creek — "River  of  the  Pines" — is  a  stream  of  considerable  volume,  and 
drains  an  exteii.sive  water  shed.  It  has  its  souree  in  Potter  county.  From  the 
mouth  of  Marsh  creek,  at  Ansonia,  all  the  way  southward  to  Lycoming  county,  it 
flows  in  a  deep  and  narrow  valley  or  s^orfie,  with  high  hills  and  walk  of  rock  on  either 
side.     The  portion  called  "The  Narrows"  only  affords  room  enough  for  the  tracks 


26  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad  for  a  distance  of  about  sixteen  miles  by  the  side  of  the 
stream,  which  at  times  becomes  a  wild,  dashing  mountain  torrent.  There  are  no 
flats  of  much  consequence  at  the  widest  points,  but  the  hills  usually  rise  from  near 
the  water's  edge.  After  entering  Tioga  county,  within  the  edge  of  the  Mill  creek 
mountain  basin,  until  it  is  joined  by  Marsh  creek,  when  it  takes  a  sharp  turn  to  the 
south,  it  cuts  across  the  Mansfield  and  Wellsboro  anticlinal  at  the  point  where  the 
axis  divides.  Its  course  is  one  of  zigzags,  across  anticlinals  and  synclinals,  from  its 
course  to  its  confluence  with  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  two  miles  west 
of  Jersey  Shore.  Whilst  it  is  a  rapid  flowing  stream  throughout,  its  principal  tribu- 
tary, is  the  sluggish  Marsh  creek. 

The  lowest  point  in  the  county  is  in  the  Pine  creek  canon,  where  it  passes  south 
into  Lycoming  county  a  short  distance  below  Blackwells,  at  the  mouth  of  Babb's 
creek,  which  is  833  feet  above  tide.  Marsh  creek  mouth  is  1,106  feet;  Mill  creek 
mouth  at  Gaines  is  1,219  feet;  and  where  Pine  creek  enters  from  Potter  county  its 
bed  is  nearly  1,300  feet  above  tide;  the  summits  of  the  coal-covered  mountain  tops  to 
the  north  being  over  3,000  feet.  Pine  creek,  from  the  great  water  shed  it  drains, 
should  be  called  a  river.  It  has  a  fall  of  twenty  feet  per  mile  for  fourteen  miles,  and 
is,  therefore,  a  swift  current. 

Marsh  Creek,  which  unites  with  Pine  creek  at  Ansonia,  is  a  remarkable  stream, 
with  a  motion  so  slow  as  to  be  hardly  perceptible.  It  flows  through  a  broad  valley 
known  as  "The  Marsh,"  the  ground  being  swampy  for  many  miles.  Its  direction  is 
exactly  the  reverse  of  that  pursued  by  Upper  Pine  creek — as  if  the  waters  of  Pine 
creek  once  flowed  up  Marsh  creek,  straight  on  toward  the  Tioga  river.  In  fact  "The 
Jl^arsh"  extends  the  whole  distance  from.  Pine  creek  to  Nile's  Valley,  near  the  north- 
east corner  of  Delmar  township,  where  the  water  from  Norris  creek  flows  both  ways, 
part  down  Crooked  creek  and  part  down  Marsh  creek.  It  is  a  remarkable  summit, 
if  summit  it  can  be  called,  which  divides  the  waters  flowing  down  Marsh  creek  to 
Pine  creek,  and  those  flowing  down  Crooked  creek  to  the  Tioga  river.  The  idea  is 
therefore  quite  popular,  says  Mr.  Sherwood,  among  the  inhabitants  that  Pine  creek, 
instead  of  flowing  south  through  the  gorge  first  described,  flowed  formerly  through 
the  valleys  of  Marsh  creek  and  Crooked  creek,  into  the  Tioga  river.  And  any  one 
who  will  view  the  ground  will  be  forced  to  conclude  that'  such  was  probably  the  case, 
but  when  or  how  this  great  change  was  brought  about  is  one  of  the  questions  that 
never  can  be  explained  or  answered.  If  Pine  creek  once  flowed  northward  from 
Ansonia,  what  a  mighty  convulsion  of  nature  must  it  have  been  that  rent  the  mount- 
ain asunder  and  diverted  its  waters  southward  through  one  of  the  most  weird  chasms 
to  be  found  in  the  chain  of  the  AUeghenies? 

Another  theory  is  that  a  small  stream  once  had  its  source  south  of  the  supposed 
wall,  and,  on  account  of  a  "fault"  in  the  rocks,  as  the  geologists  say,  worked  a  small 
passage  down  the  mountain.  When  the  breast  of  the  dam  was  broken,  bv  the  tre- 
mendous pressure  behind  it,  there  was  such  a  mighty  rush  of  water  down  the  rivulet 
that  in  time  the  great  chasm  was  cut  and  the  course  of  Pine  creek  ehano'ed  to  the 
south. 

There  are  evidences  on  the  mountain  sides,  in  the  form  of  marine  shells,  of  the 
existence  of  water  at  one  time.  Enoch  Blackwell,  a  gentleman  of  keen  observation 
and  who  is  familiar  with  this  mountain  region  from  boyhood,  has  no  doubt  in  his 


TOPOGHAPHICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  FEATUKES. 


mind  of  the  existence  of  a  great  lake  at  one  time,  which  had  its  outlet  by  the  way  of 
the  Tioga  river;  but  when  the  barrier  was  broken  the  flow  of  its  waters  was  to  the 
south  and  the  Pine  creek  canon  was  cut. 

In  confirmation  of  this  theory  Mr.  Sherwood  says  in  his  geological  report  that  it 
"is  a  curious  topographical  fact  that  a  dam,  fifty  rods  in  length,  from  mountain  to 
mountain,  across  Pine  creek  at  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek — such  as  it  might  be  possi- 
ble to  build,  and  such  as  may  possibly  have  been  erected  for  a  time  by  other  than 
human  agency,  during  the  glacial  epoch — would  effect  this  division."'  If  such  were 
really  the  original  conditions,  and  they  certainly  look  reasonable,  the  change  may  be 
attributed  to  that  period  of  our  mundane  history. 

The  Cowanesque  River  has  its  source  in  Potter  county  and  fiows  eastwardly  just 
south  of  the  State  line  to  its  confluence  with  the  Tioga  at  Lawrenceville.  The  valley 
through  which  it  passes  is  one  of  surpassing  beauty  and  by  far  the  richest  and  most 
productive  district  in  the  county.  There  are  a  number  of  villa^^'o-;  in  the  valley  and 
there  is  considerable  manufacturing.  In  its  pristine  cundition  this  valley  must  have 
been  an  elysian  home  of  the  Senecas,  where  they  came  to  hunt  and  fish.  Reference 
is  made  to  the;  valley  in  tbf  earliest  writings,  and  it  is  believed  that  Mary  .TeiiiisDn, 
the  "While  Woman,"  frequently  came  hither  with  her  Indian  family  to  enjuy  the 
hunt.  There  arc  also  evidences  that  .lesuit  missionaries  were  here  long  before  the 
appearance  of  the  English;  ami  it  is  believed  by  some  that  Moravian  missidiiaries 
passed  through  here  on  their  western  tours,  but  there  is  no  authentic  evidence  to 
sustain  that  opinion. 

The  river  drains  an  extensive  water  shed  and  at  liTiies  carries  a  largo  volume  of 
water.  White  settlers  came  early,  James  Strawbridge  probably  being  the  first. 
Long  after  whites  had  setiled  in  the  valley  Indians  were  in  the  habit  of  coming  to 
hunt  and  fish,  and  they  seemed  loth  to  leave  it.  The  peculiar  name  of  the  river  and 
its  meaning  has  long  been  a  subject  for  discussion  among  scholars  and  writers. 

To  Hon.  Charles  Tiibbs,  of  Osceola,  belongs  the  credit  of  having  made  the  most 
thorough  investigation  of  the  meaning  of  the  Indian  name  of  the  river.  He  con- 
tinued his  investigation  for  several  years.  From  cunipetent  authority  he  learned 
that  Red  Jacket  was  once  asked  to  define  the  word.  He  replied  that  it  was  a  Seneca 
word,  and  meant  "at  the  long  island."  On  the  draught  of  survey  of  the  State  road 
from  Newberry  to  the  109th  mile  stone,  constructed  in  1709,  the  name  is  spelled 
Ga-wa-ni-a-que.  This  draught  is  still  preserved  in  the  land  office  at  Harrislmrg. 
Compare  with  this  several  names  defined  by  iforgan  in  his  "League  of  the  Iroquois," 
thus:  ( Ja-wa-ni-a-que,  at  the  long  island;  Ga-wa-no-wa-uch,  great  island  river:  (ia- 
weh-no-geh,  on  the  island;  Ga-weh-nase-geh,  a  long  island.  Ga-wa,  or  ( ra-weh,  enters 
into  all  these  words  as  a  component  part  and  probably  signifies  island.  So  much  for 
analogy. 

This  not  being  entirely  satisfactory,  Mr.  Tubbs  learned  in  1891  that  the  Smith- 
sonian Institute  was  making  a  systematic  study  of  the  IroquoisJangiinire,  and  he  sub- 
mitted the  word  for  definition.  In  course  of  time  he  received  from  J.  W.  T'owell, 
director,  the  following:  "The  word  ('owanes(|iie  seeris  to  be  no  other  than  Ka-hwe- 
nes-ka,  the  ctyinologA-  and  signification  of  which  is  as  follows:  Co.  for  Ka.  marking 
grainmntic  gender  and  meaning  i7;  wan  for  hwe-n  the  stem  of  the  word  o-whe-n.i,  an 


28  HISTOKT    OP    TIOGA    COCTNTy. 

island;  es  an  adjective  meaning  long;  que,  for  ke,  the  locative  proposition,  meaning 
at  or  on;  the  whole  signifying  at  or  on  the  long  island." 

This  analysis  was  made  hy  Professor  Hewitt,  Iroquoian  expert.  The  reader 
may  ask:  How  does  that  name  apply  to  this  river?  That  is  easily  explained.  All 
Indian  names  were  significant  and  chronicled  some  characteristic  of  the  thing  named. 
In  this  case  there  was,  originally,  in  Deerfield  and  Osceola,  an  island  in  the- 
Cowanesque  river  containing  1,600  acres.  It  was  over  four  miles  long  and  of  varying 
width.  The  remarkable  thing  about  the  river  to  the  Indian  was  this  long  island. 
The  early  settlers  dammed  the  part  of  the  river  which  ran  on  the  north  side  of  the- 
island,  diverting  the  water  into  the  channel  on  the  south  side.  At  this  day  what 
remains  of  the  channel  on  the  north  side  of  the  island  is  known  as  the  Island  Stream. 
It  is  fed  by  springs  and  creeks  from  the  north  hill  and  empties  into  the  river  at 
Osceola.  The  island  is  given  on  all  early  surveys  and  it  also  appears  on  the  Connec- 
ticut map. 

This  definition  and  explanation  of  the  name,  Cowanesque,  is  probably  the  best 
and  most  complete  that  can  be  rendered  at  this  late  day;  and  indeed  it  seems  to  be- 
sufficiently  lucid  to  satisfy  the  most  critical. 

So  completely  has  the  island  been  destroyed  that  the  traveler  passing  over  it 
would  be  unaware  of  its  existence,  unless  informed  of  the  fact.  To  the  Indians  it 
was  undoubtedly  an  important  landmark,  and  on  it  they  pitched  their  wigwams,  in- 
dulged in  their  rude  sports  and  dances,  and  enjoyed  themselves  in  the  highest  degree. 

Minor  Streams,  which  are  fully  described  in  the  chapters  relating  to  the  several 
boroughs  and  townships  of  the  county,  form  the  tributaries  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowan- 
esque rivers  and  of  Crooked,  Pine  and  Lycoming  creeks.  The  sources  of  these  are 
either  in  springs  emerging  from  the  sides  of  the  mountains,  or  in  small  marshy  up- 
land areas.  They  flow  rapidly,  and  in  times  of  heavy  rains,  rise  quickly.  The  public 
roads  leading  from  the  valleys  of  the  larger  streams  to  the  uplands  usually  follow 
their  course,  their  valleys  being  dotted  with  farm  houses  and  the  well-tilled  fields  of 
thrifty  husbandmen. 

CONCLUDING  OBSEEVATIONS. 

Prom  the  foregoing  it  is  easy  to  see  that  while  the  mountains  of  Tioga  county 
rise  to  a  pretty  uniform  general  level  of  2,000  feet  above  tide  water,  and  the  broad 
valleys  between  roll  their  surfaces  about  1,200  feet  or  1,300  feet,  the  main  water 
channels  are  cut  sharply  down  to  depths  of  1,000  feet  or  even  lower.  The  streams 
are  fed  by  abundant  rains,  for  the  county  lies  in  the  rain  belt  of  forty  inches.  The 
mean  annual  rainfall  is  forty  inches.  While  the  mean  summer  temperature  is  sixty- 
three,  the  mean  winter  temperature  is  only  twenty-three.  The  cold,  therefore,  is 
pretty  severe. 

Consequently,  the  erosion  of  the  surface,  through  the  agencies  of  frost  and  rain, 
has  been  actively  carried  on  through  all  ages  since  the  coal  era.  Dry  northwest 
winds  favor  radiation  and  evaporation,  carrying  down  the  temperature  far  below 
zero.  They  favor  equally  the  full  effect  of  the  sun's  rays  upon  the  rock  surfaces. 
The  rocks,  alternately  expanded  and  contracted,  are  prepared  for  absorbing  moisture; 
the  frost  breaks  them  up,  and  innumerable  rivulets,  periodically  swollen,  carry  off  the 
fragments  and  grind  them  into  sand  and  mud.     The  forest,  while  it  is  a  protection 


THE    LAND    OF    TIOGA.  29 


against  this  wear  and  tear  in  one  sense,  facilitates  it  also  by  prying  the  outcrop  layers 
apart  with  their  roots,  and  every  surface,  hill  slope  and  mountain  steep  alike,  is  slowly 
but  always  creeping  down  towards  the  water  ways. 

It  is  this  universal  erosion,  taking  effect  upon  a  large  area  of  exceedingly  regular 
stratification,  which  explains  the  beautiful  regularity  of  the  parallel  ranges  of  mount- 
ains traversing  the  county,  and  the  striking  similarity  of  the  broad  valleys  which  run 
up  from  the  open  country  of  Bradford,  westward,  into  and  between  the  mountains 
of  Tioga.  It  explains  also  why  these  valleys  end  or  head  up,  each  in  the  form  of  a 
wide  amphitheater,  against  the  unbroken  or  undivided  plateau  of  Potter  and  Lycom- 
ing counties.  It  is  evident,  then,  that  the  mountains  of  Tioga  county  have  in  past 
ages  been  much  higher  than  they  are  now.  llr.  Sherwood  thinks  there  is  no  good 
reason  for  doubting  that  the  whole  of  the  coal  measiires  once  covered  this  county. 
As  the  coal  measures  of  Pennsylvania,  both  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  State, 
where  more  than  3,000  feet  of  them  remain  to  be  measured,  and  in  the  anthracite 
basins,  which,  in  the  deepest  parts,  hold  3,000  feet  of  them  still  undestroyed,  may  have 
been  originally  4,000  feet  thick,  it  seems  probable  that  the  Tioga  mountains  were 
once  as  high  as  Mount  Washington. 


CHAPTEE  II. 

THE  LAND  OF  TIOGA. 

First  Occupants— Rugged  and  Romantic  Scenery— Game.  Fish  and  Wild 
Animals- An  Ideal  Hunting  Ground— Indian  Paths— Indian  Villages- 
French  Explorers  and  Missionaries— Boundary  Line  of  the  Purchase  op 
1768— The  Old  Treaties— The  Walker  Tragedy— Indian  Characteristics 
AND  Peculiarities. 


Tlil-;  territory  lying  within  the  present  boundaries  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
was  originally  occupied  by  the  Seneca  Indians,  and  was  one  of  their  favorite  hunt- 
ing and  fishing  districts.  Its  entire  surface  was  heavily  timbered.  Pine  and  hemlock 
grew  in  the  valleys,  on  the  mountain  sides  and  summits,  and  largely  predominated 
the  hard  wood  varieties,  such  as  oak,  birch,  maple,  etc.,  which  occupied  limited  areas, 
principally  upland.  The  ravines,  through  which  streams  of  crystal  water  dashed, 
were  filled  with  a  dense  growth  of  vines,  briars  and  underbrush  almost  impenetrable, 
save  only  to  Indians  and  wild  animals.  The  luxuriant  and  evergreen  foliage  of  the 
pine  and  hemlock  cast  a  sombre  gloom  over  the  narrow  valleys,  and  so  closely  were 
their  branches  inlertwirifld  and  locked  in  many  places,  that  the  rays  of  the  flaming 
god  of  day  could  scarcely  ]>enetrate  them.    Sueli  were  the  wilderness  condition  of  this 


30  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    C0T7NTT. 

mountain  region.  How  long  it  had  so  existed  no  white  man  knew  and  the  aborigines 
could  not  tell. 

Game  of  all  kinds  abounded  in  this  region.  The  stately  elk  infested  a  portion  of 
it,  and  deer  were  found  in  great  numbers.  Other  game,  too,  was  plentiful.  The 
nimble  squirrel  chattered  among  the  branches  of  the  oaks,  the  wolf,  the  fox  and  the 
bear  roamed  among  the  hills  and  through  the  valleys,  while  the  porcupine  and  the 
raccoon  were  found  everywhere.  The  streams  were  filled  with  trout  and  other  fish. 
What  more  could  the  tawny  children  of  the  forest  desire?  Nature  had  bountifully 
provided  for  them.  They  built  their  rude  wigwams  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers  and 
creeks,  and  at  particularly  eligible  locations  they  had  villages,  while  in  the  mountains 
their  hunting  lodges  were  pitched. 

In  this  wild  region  the  aborigines  roamed  at  will,  communed  with  nature,  chanted 
songs  of  the  spirit  land  and  were  happy.  No  white  man  had  yet  penetrated  their 
domain;  they  were  uneontaminated  by  the  vices  which  go  hand  in  hand  with  civiliza- 
tion; they  knew  no  guile;  those  destroying  evils — whiskey  and  smallpox — ^had  not 
yet  been  introduced  among  them.  To  them  ignorance  of  the  world  was  bliss,  and 
they  knew  nothing  of  the  folly  which  accompanies  wisdom. 

INDIAN  PATHS. 

Several  Indian  paths  crossed  and  recrossed  what  is  now  the  territory  of  Tioga 
county.  And  these  trails  became  important  landmarks  for  the  early  white  settlers, 
who  followed  them  in  their  journeyings  through  the  wilderness,  and  afterward  en- 
larged them  for  public  highways  when  the  county  commenced  filling  up  with  settlers. 
Several  of  these  paths  came  from  central  New  York  and  were  traced  along  the  valleys 
and  streams.  From  the  important  Seneca  settlement,  known  to  the  whites  as  Big 
Tree,  on  the  Genesee,  main  paths  led  down  the  Conhocton  and  Canisteo,  coming  out 
at  Painted  Post,  another  important  point  among  the  Indians.  From  Painted  Post  the 
path  ran  up  the  Tioga  river,  passing  near  Lawrenceville,  Tioga,  Mansfield,  Canoe 
Camp,  Covington  and  Blossburg.  From  this  latter  point  it  continued  on  via 
Liberty  and  Laurel  Hill,  until  it  intersected  the  great  Sheshequin  path  running  up 
Lycoming  creek,  and  thence  to  Tioga  Point,  on  the  North  Branch.  The  famous 
Williamson  road  afterward  followed  this  path  from  Trout  Run  and  became  a  great 
thoroughfare  for  early  travel.  Another  ran  by  Arnot  and  down  Babb's  creek  to  Pine, 
which  it  descended  to  the  valley  of  the  West  Branch. 

Starting  from  what  is  now  the  borough  of  Tioga,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name, 
a  trail  ascended  the  valley  of  Crooked  creek,  thence  to  Wellsboro,  and  on  by  the  way 
of  Stony  Fork  to  its  intersection  with  the  Babb's  creek  path,  down  which  it  passed 
to  the  Indian  village  of  Tiadaghton,  on  Pine  creek.  It  was  by  this  route  that  Van 
Campen  and  his  party  were  taken,  to  the  Seneca  settlements,  after  they  were  captured 
on  the  Bald  Eagle,  in  April,  1782.  Although  comparatively  unknown  to  the  early 
settlers  along  the  river,  because  it  traversed  such  a  wild  and  inhospitable  region  for 
more  than  100  miles,  it  was  really  one  of  the  most  important  Indian  trails,  and  over 
it  many  war  parties  passed  on  their  way  to  attack  the  lower  settlements  during  the 
troublous  times  of  1778-79.  It  was  by  this  route,  too,  that  the  Senecas  would  have 
descended  when  they  threatened  to  be  avenged  on  the  settlers  at  the  mouth  of  Pine 
creek  for  the  murder  of  two  of  their  number  by  the  Walker  brothers  and  Sam  Doyle, 


THE    LAND    OF    TIOGA.  31 


while  they  were  on  a  hunting  expedition  in  time  of  peace.  Tradition  says  that  a 
strong  party  of  warriors  really  did  descend  Pine  creek  some  distance  below  Tia- 
daghton,  fully  bent  on  mischief,  but  were  recalled  by  runners  after  the  State  com- 
missioners had  appeased  the  ■wTath  of  the  Indians  at  a  conference  held  at  Canan- 
daigua,  by  promising  to  do  all  they  could  to  arrest  the  Walkers  and  punish  them. 

Another  important  path  left  the  Canisteo  at  xVdfli?r>n,  Xew  York,  known  as  the 
TuBcarora,  and  led  over  the  hills  to  near  where  Elkland  is  now  situated,  on  the 
Cowanesque;  thence  it  bore  off  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  crossing  the  upper  waters 
of  Pine  creek,  and  descended  Kettle  creek  to  Westport,  on  the  West  llranch  of  the 
Susquehanna.  Over  this  path  war  parties  frequently  traveled  to  attack  the  advanced 
settlements  on  the  river,  and  as  it  led  through  a  dense,  wild  and  gloomy  region,  it  was 
comparatively  unknown  to  the  whites  at  the  beginning  of  Indian  hostilities.  It  is 
probable  that  the  war  party,  which  attacked,  defeated  and  eaptureil  Van  i  'aiiipen  on 
the  Bald  Eagle,  had  entered  the  valley  of  the  Susquehanna  by  this  route.  \'an 
Campen  tells  its  in  his  narrative  that  the  party  consisted  of  about  eighty  warriors,  and 
they  were  descending  the  river  in  light  canoes.  It  was  their  custom  to  approach  the 
settlements  in  a  body,  when,  on  the  appearance  of  white  people,  tliey  separated  into 
small  bands  and  spread  over  the  country  for  the  purpose  of  murder  and  rapine.  This 
war  party  discovered  Van  Campen's  boats  where  they  had  been  tied  up,  near  the 
Great  Island,  and  taking  his  trail  surprised  and  captured  him  the  next  morning. 

As  this  invasion  w  as  made  about  the  close  of  the  Kr\  ulutionary  War,  it  is  proha- 
ble  that  it  was  a  portion  of  this  war  party  that  was  pursued  by  Peter  and  Michael 
drove,  and  party,  and  siir])vised  in  th(  ir  camp  on  the  Sinneniahoning  and  several 
killed.  They  had  been  down  in  what  is  now  Union  county  and  killed  a  number  of 
settlers,  and  were  fleeing  in  the  direction  of  the  Genesee  country  when  overtaken. 

It  is  probable  that  there  was  also  an  Indian  trail  up  the  Pine  creek  gor;,'e,  above 
Blackwells,  inasmuch  as  there  is  abundant  evidence  of  the  existence  at  one  time  of  an 
Indian  village  at  "Big  Meadows,"  now  Ansimia,  at  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creik.  This 
gloomy  canon  is  now  traversed  by  the  Pine  Creek  railroad. 

INDI.W    VILLAGKS. 

The  early  scouts,  hunters  and  settlers  found,  in  various  parts  of  the  county, 
evidences  of  the  existence  at  one  time  of  Indian  villages.  Hue  of  these  was  at  the 
mouth  of  Balib's  creek,  where  a  cleared  s])ot  of  some  extent  was  found,  showing  previ- 
ous cultivation.  This  was  designated  as  a  meadow,  and  there  is  a  well-defined  tradi- 
tion that  11  chief,  or  man  of  some  prominence  in  the  tribe,  named  Tiadajrhton,  dwelt 
here.  According  to  old  records.  Pine  creek,  at  that  time,  was  called  Tiada;;hton,  but 
there  is  nothing  in  any  of  the  glossaries  of  Indian  words  compiled  by  the  Mnravians 
to  show  that  such  a  name  was  ever  applied  to  any  stream  or  mountain.  Heckewelder, 
who  is  aecrpted  as  standard  autliority,  nou here  alludes  to  such  a  name  in  any  of  his 
writin;^'s. 

We  arc  forced  to  the  conclusion,  therefore,  that  an  Indian  bearing  this  eujiho- 
nioiis  litli'  dwell  at  the  mouth  of  I'.al.l.'s  creek,  and  his  name  was  associated  with  Pine 
cnik  hy  the  whites  in  order  to  desii^nate  his  place  of  nsidence.  and  in  course  of  time 
the  St  nam  cnme  to  he  known  liy  tliat  title.  Among  the  Indians  this  great  stream 
seems  to  have  betn  known  a.<  the  "KiNrr  of  the  Pines,"  because  it  flowed  from  a  land 


* 

32  HISTOET    OJ?    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

■where  this  timber  abounded  in  the  greatest  luxuriance.  On  the  open  space,  or 
meadow,  at  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  corn  was  very  likely  cultivated  by  the 
Indians,  as  the  soil  was  composed  of  a  rich  alluvial  deposit  and  was  well  adapted  to 
the  production  of  that  cereal.  The  fishing  being  good  at  this  point,  offered  another 
inducement  for  Tiadaghton  to  establish  his  wigwam  and  build  up  a  village  around 
him.  Shad  ascended  Pine  creek  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek,  there  being 
no  obstructions  in  the  river  in  those  days  to,  keep  them  back.  The  mountain  sur- 
roundings in  this  deep  and  gloomy  gorge  were  sufficiently  wild  to  suit  the  tastes 
of  the  most  thorough  Indian,  and  if  old  Tiadaghton  had  any  romantic  inclinations 
in  his  untutored  mind,  he  could  here  enjoy  them  in  the  gloomy  grandeur  of  a 
mountain  solitude  which  is  still  without  a  rival  in,  northern  Pennsylvania. 

As  further  evidence  of  a  village  having  once  stood  here,  may  be  mentioned  the 
finding  by  the  early  white  settlers  of  numerous  Indian  relics,  such  as  flint  arrow 
points  and  bits  of  broken  pottery.  The  point,  too,  was  an  important  one  for  war 
parties  to  tarry  for  rest  when  making  a  descent  upon  the  river  settlements;  and  white 
prisoners  were  sometimes  taken  through  this  way. 

It  is  mentioned  by  Van  Campen,  after  his  defeat  and  capture,  in  April,  1783,  by 
a  body  of  Indians  near  where  Mill  Hall,  Clinton  county,  now  stands,  that  he  and 
other  prisoners  were  taken  to  Pine  creek,*  which  they  ascended.  At  a  certain  point 
they  stopped,  when  the  Indian  hunters  went  out  in  pursuit  of  game,  and  quickly  re- 
turned, "bringing  along  a  noble  elk,"  which  "was  soon  dressed  and  prepared  for 
roasting."  "The  prisoners,"  he  continues,  "were  allowed  the  same  liberty  that  was 
taken  by  the  warriors  themselves;  they  cut  from  the  animal  as  much  fresh  meat  as 
they  wished,  and  roasted  it  on  the  coals,  or  held  it  on  the  end  of  a  sharpened  stick 
to  the  fire."  Here  a  prisoner,  named  Burwell,  who  was  shot  through  the  shoulder, 
had  his  wound  dressed  in  the  following  primitive  but  effective  manner:  "Having 
collected  a  parcel  of  suitable  herbs,  they  [the  Indians]  boiled  them  in  water,  thus 
making  a  strong  decoction,  in  which  they  dipped  the  feathers  of  a  quill,  and  ran  it 
through  his  wound."  The  operation  was  a  severe  one,  but  the  infiammation  was 
reduced  and  the  wound  soon  healed. 

Another  wounded  prisoner,  named  Henderson,  did  Hot  fare  so  well.  He  had  four 
of  his  fingers  shot  off,  as  he  was  raising  his  gun  to  fire,  by  a  bullet  from  an  Indian 
rifle.  Van  Campen  says  that  on  the  second  day  of  their  march  he  passed  him  sitting 
on  a  log  with  "a  countenance  sad  and  pale,"  and  two  Indians  standing  by  his  side. 
He  did  not  go  far  "before  he  heard  a  noise  like  the  sound  of  a  tomahawk  entering 
the  head,  and  in  a  few  moments  the  two  Indians  ran  by  bearing  a  scalp  and  carrying 
a  hatchet  dripping  with  blood!" 

On  resuming  their  march,  Van  Campen  informs  us,  "the  remains  of  the  elk  were 
divided  among  the  warriors  and  prisoners,  each  carrying  his  portion  as  a  supply 
against  further  need."  "Pushing  up  the  valley,"  he  continues,  ."they  soon  came  to 
the  head  of  Pme  creek;  thence  striking  across  the  country,  they  reached  in  half  a 
da/s  travel,  the  head  waters  of  the  Genesee  river."  Down  this  stream  they  passed 
until  they  arrived  at  the  Seneca  settlements. 

Similar  evidences  of  the  existence  at  one  time  of  an  Indian  village  were  found 


*  I,ife  of  Van  Campen,  revised  edition  by  Minard,  1893,  pp.  219-222. 


THE    LAXD    OF    TIOGA.  33 

by  the  early  hunters  and  settlers  at  "liig  ileadows,"'  now  Ansonia,  at  the  mouth 
of  JIarsh  creek.  Even  at  this  late  day  flints,  arrow  heads,  etc.,  are  brought  to  the 
surface  in  the  digging  of  graves  in  the  cemetery  at  Ansonia,  which,  so  tradition 
has  it,  was  an  old  Indian  burying  ground.  When  the  whites  came  to  this  spot  they 
found  a  large  cleared  space  bearing  evidence  of  having  once  been  under  cultivation. 

The  finding  of  numerous  Indian  relics  in  and  around  Tioga  borough  evidence 
the  existence  there  at  one  tim.e  of  an  Indian  village  of  considerable  importance. 
George  V.  Smith,  a  son  of  Dr.  Robert  B.  Smith,  of  that  place,  who  is  an  enthusiastic 
student  of  archaeolofry,  has  quite  a  large  colk-ciioo  of  these  relics  of  a  departed 
peo])le,  to  which  he  is  constantly  making  additions.  It  embraces  arrow-heads  and 
spear-heads  of  flint;  large  and  small  implements  of  blue  stone  for  skinning  and 
dressing  hides;  implements  for  fishing;  pipes,  a  huge  stone  mortar,  in  which  the 
Indian  ground  his  com,  together  with  the  pestle  for  grinding,  as  well  as  hatchets, 
tomahawks  and  knives.  Not  the  least  interesting  of  these  rare  and  valuable  relics 
are  the  fragments  of  several  Indian  skeletons  unearthed  by  Mr.  i^inith  on  the  site 
of  an  ancient  burying  ground  near  Tioga  borough. 

This  collection  also  contains  a  number  of  valuable  utensils,  and  n  large  amount 
of  pottery.  In  June,  1889,  Mr.  Smith  unearthed,  almost  within  the  limits  of  Tioga 
borough,  the  fragments  of  three  Indian  jars,  wliieh,  with  great  dilliculty,  have  bi'en 
•completely  restored.  These  jars  were  made  of  clay,  strengthened  by  very  coarse  sand 
or  fine  gravel,  after  which  the  whole  was  Itiirneil  or  baked  in  a  bulnish  basket,  the  bul- 
rushes being  burned  away,  leaving  their  imprints  on  the  exteriors  of  the  jars.  These 
huge  clay  jars  present  an  interesting  study  in  the  (levelo])ment  of  decorative  art,  for 
all  three  are  decorated  with  lines  and  dots,  no  attempt,  however,  being  made  at 
■effigy.  The  interiors  are  smooth.  The  largest  of  these  jars  is  seventeen  inches  in 
height,  and,  when  whole,  had  a  eajiaeity  of  nearly  half  a  bushel. 

Not  far  from  where  these  interesting  relics  were  unearthed,  were  found  the 
remains  of  several  fire-])laees,  from  whith  he  tmik  a  number  of  animal  bones,  em- 
traoing  those  of  the  deer.  He  also  took  from  one  of  these  fire-places  nearly  a  pint 
of  charred  corn  and  beans. 

Tile  relies  in  this  collection  evidence  not  only  the  existence  at  one  time  of 
an  Indian  village  at  Tioga,  but  of  an  Indian  burying  ground  in  which  a  large  number 

of  interments  were  made. 
i 

FRKNCII     KXPLORERS     AND    MISSIONARIES. 

The  first  while  men  who  probably  visited  the  Senecas  were  French.  We  have 
no  evidence  that  the  early  explorers  penetrated  to  any  extent  what  is  now  the  territory 
of  Tioga  county,  but  as  tliey  were  an  adventuresome  peojde,  it  is  not  unreasonable 
to  assume  that  they  visited  uliai  are  now  the  northern  borders  of  the  county,  and 
piohably  ascended  tlie  Tioga  river  for  some  distance.  So  intent  were  the  French  on 
thoaci|nisitioii  of  territory  that  tliey  penetrated  unknown  wilds  in  search  of  informa- 
tion regarding  the  laml  and  the  natives;  and  they  never  failed  to  establish  friendly 
relations  witli  them,  because  they  cultivated  feelings  of  amity  and  never  violated 
their  pledjies. 

The  French  Catholic  Ini^si<lnaries.  zealoiis  in  the  work  of  cimverting  the  chil- 
3 


34  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COCJNTT. 


dren  of  the  forest  to  Christianity,  also  found  their  way  into  Tioga  county  years 
before  its  settlement  began.  Interesting  relics  evidencing  their  presence  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley  are  now  in  the  possession  of  Hon.  Chas.  Tubbs,  of  Osceola.  The 
story  of  their  finding  is  as  follows:  In  September,  1872,  Ira  M.  Edgcomb  built  a 
saw-mill  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  near  the  mouth  of  the  North 
Fork,  two  miles  above  Westfield.  He  employed  workmen  to  excavate  a  pit  in  which 
to  lay  the  masonry  foundation  for  the  engine.  When  about  four  feet  below  the 
surface  they  found  two  candle  sticks,  rudely  wrought  in  red  pipe  stone,  and  a  silver 
plate.  One  of  the  candle  sticks  and  the  plate  is  in  Mr.  Tubbs'  possession.  The  silver 
plate  is  four  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter.  The  rim  is  seven-eighths  of  an  inch 
wide.  The  upper  surface  is  gold  washed.  The  under  surface  is  inscribed  with  the 
Koman  capital  letters  I.  H.  S.,  the  initials  of  the  Latin  words,  Jesu  Hominum 
Salvator  (Jesus  the  Savior  of  men).  Each  letter  is  five-eighths  of  an  inch  high,  and 
a  Eoman  Catholic  cross,  six-eighths  of  an  inch  high,  is  engraved  on  the  plate,  having 
its  base  on  the  center  of  the  bar  of  the  letter  H.  The  candle  stick  is  in  two  pieces. 
The  base  is  rectangular,  and  is  two  and  one-half  by  two  and  three-fourths  inches 
square,  and  three-fourths  of  an  inch  high.  This  is  surmounted  by  the  upright  part, 
which  rises  one  and  one-half  inches  from  the  base,  in  a  rectangular  form,  and  at  this 
point  changes  to  cylindrical  shapes.  The  total  height  is  five  and  one-fourth  inches. 
Pour  dowels  of  native  lead  project  upward  from  the  base  and  fit  into  corresponding 
holes  in  the  upright.  The  bore  in  the  top  to  receive  the  candle  is  one  and  three- 
fourths  inches  deep  by  three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 

As  no  excavation  was  made  outside  of  the  pit  in  which  these  were  found,  it  is 
probable  that  other  similar  relics  are  under  the  surface  near  the  same  spot.  These 
candle  sticks  and  the  silver  plate  doubtless  formed  a  part  of  a  Catholic  service  set, 
and  belonged  to  the  furniture  of  an  altar  erected  in  the  wilderness  by  some  early 
missionary  priest  on  which  to  celebrate  the  sacrifice  of  the  Mass.  To  what  catas- 
trophy  their  presence  in  the  debris  deposited  by  the  Cowanesque  river  is  to  be 
attributed,  is  beyond  even  conjecture.  They  may  have  washed  down  from  a  point 
higher  up  the  stream,  or  may  have  been  hidden  by  some  missionary,  who  paid  with  his 
life  for  his  zeal  and  devotion  to  his  holy  faith. 

BOTJNDAKT    LINE    OF    THE    PUECHASE    OP    1768. 

The  line  of  the  purchase  of  1768,  which  ascended  Towanda  creek,  skirted  along 
Burnett's  Eidge — now  in  Lycoming  county — and  then  bore  westward  until  it  inter- 
sected Pine  creek,  down  which  it  passed  to  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 

river,  near  Jersey  Shore.    It  then  followed  the  river  westward  to  Canoe  Place now 

known  as  Cherry  Tree — in  Indiana  county;  thence  it  passed  westward  until  it  struck 
the  Allegheny  river  at  Kittanning.  At  Canoe  Place  the  counties  of  Clearfield, 
Cambria  and  Indiana  corner.  The  place  was  deemed  of  such  historic  importance 
that  the  legislature  of  1893  passed  a  bill  appropriating  $1,500  for  the  erectito  of  a 
monument  to  mark  the  spot  where  the  famous  cherry  tree  stood.  The  monument, 
bearing  a  suitable  inscription,  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  November,  1894.  It 
is  somewhat  imposing,  is  thirty-five  feet  in  height  from  the  water  level  of  the  stream, 
and  bears  the  names  in  conspicuously-carved  letters,  "Clearfield,"  "Cambria  "  and 
"Indiana." 


THE    LAND    OF    TIOGA.  35 


After  crossing  the  second  fork  of  Pine  creek,  from  the  east,  the  line  proceeded 
west  until  it  intersected  what  was  termed  in  the  treaty,  "Yamall's  Creek,"*  which  it 
followed  down  to  Pine  creek.  There  has  always  heen  some  doubt  regarding  what  was 
termed  "Yamall's  Creek."  The  conclusion  is  that  it  is  what  is  now  known  as 
Babb's  creek,  which  empties  into  Pine  creek  at  Blackwells.  Down  this  stream  was 
an  Indian  path,  and  it  would  therefore  be  a  natural  route  for  a  boundary  line. 

There  is  another  curious,  if  not  mysterious,  feature  connected  with  this  bound- 
ary line,  which  has  never  been  satisfactorily  explained.  After  the  treaty  of  1768, 
the  Indians  set  up  a  claim  that  Lycoming  creek  was  what  they  meant  by  the  name 
Tiadaghton.  The  whites  demurred,  of  course,  but  the  Indians  insisted.  There  is 
nothing  in  existence  to  show  that  this  title  was  ever  applied  to  Lycoming  creek. 
Moravian  travelers  often  ascended  it  on  their  way  to  Onondaga,  but  in  all  their  wTit- 
ings — and  they  kept  copious  journals — there  is  no  reference  to  any  name  that  can 
be  tortured  into  Tiadaghton.  ICvidcntly  the  Indians  set  up  the  claim  fnr  the  purpose 
of  retaining  this  section  for  hunting  grf)unds,  as  it  covered  a  fine  territory  for  that 
purpose. 

THE  OLD  TREATIES. 

By  the  treaty  of  1768  the  territory  afterward  covered  by  Tioga  county  re- 
mained as  Indian  land.  When  Berks  county  was  organized,  March  11,  IT.'i'i,  its  ter- 
ritory only  extended  on  the  north  to  the  purchase  line  of  1T1I»,  which  included  what 
are  now  the  counties  of  Dauphin,  Schuylkill,  Carbon,  Monroe,  and  Pike.  The 
purehiiso  line  touched  the  river  a  few  miles  below  Sunbury.  By  the  purchase  of 
1758  the  line  crossed  the  river  into  what  is  now  Snyder  county  and  took  in  a 
great  extent  of  territory  on  the  west  and  south  side  of  the  West  Branch,  passed  the 
famous  Cherry  Tree — or  what  was  sometimes  designated  as  ('anoe  Place — and  then 
continued  to  Kittanning  on  the  Allegheny.  Canoe  Place  was  so  named  because  it 
was  stipulated  in  the  treaty  that  the  line  should  cross  the  West  ikanch  at  the  hi^'iiest 
point  to  which  a  canoe  could  lie  pushed.  As  the  river  flows  from  the  west  after 
Muncy  hills  are  passed,  it  can  readily  be  seen  why  the  land  was  designated  as  lying 
to  the  south.  The  primary  object  of  this  treaty  was  to  acquire  lands  to  reward  the 
ullieers  for  their  services  in  the  Bouquet  expedition.  E.xtensive  surveys  and  allot- 
ments for  this  purpose  were  made  in  what  is  now  Union  county,  and  in  Bald  Ea;:le 
valley,  Clinton  county. 

By  the  treaty  of  17ilS  the  territory  lying  east  and  north  of  the  river,  as  far 
westward  as  Lycoming  creek,  and  northward  to  Burnett's  Bidge  and  Towanda  creek, 
belonged  to  Berks  county  until  ^Mareh  '21,  1772,  when  Northumberland  county  was 
erected.  It  then  fell  to  the  latter,  and  was  under  its  jurisdiction  until  the  organiza- 
tion of  Lycoming  county,  April  13,  IT!)"),  when  it  was  embraced  in  that  county. 

From  1768  to  178 1,  a  pej-iod  of  sixteen  vears.  the  disjmte  as  to  the  true  boundary 
line  of  1768  was  continued  between  the  whites  and  the  Indians.  At  the  treaty  and 
purchase  of  1784 — when  the  Indians  sold  all  their  land  lyin^'  west  of  Lycoming 
cicik  for  $in,()(i() — they  frankly  admitted  that  Tiadaghton  was  what  was  known 


•  Oil  the  tlran(!lit  of  the  State  Road  (built  in  tn^),  preserved  io  the  land  office  at  Harriaburg,  the  cabin  of 
Janieii  Vamall  i»  iiut.rd,  alao  that  of  Sainton  Babb.  Yamall  afterwards  aettlcd  on  the  Cowanesque.  nnd  gave  his 
name  to  a  piraalt  "tream  in  that  valley.    Some  of  his  descendants  siill  live  there. 


36  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


by  the  whites  as  Pine  creek.  As  the  line  ran,  very  little  of  the  territory  of  Tioga 
ever  belonged  to  Berks  county.  The  Indian  line  shows  a  curve,  bearing  northward, 
in  what  is  now  Morris  township,  which  probably  took  in  a  portion  of  its  territory. 
After  1784  all  this  disputed  territory  fell  to  Northumberland  county.  After  April 
13,  1795,  Lycoming  covered  the  following  wide  domain:  Its  southern  line,  com- 
mencing near  the  mouth  of  White  Deer  creek,  followed  the  Indian  boundary  line 
of  1768,  via  Canoe  Place  (Cherry  Tree)  to  Kittanning,  on  the  Allegheny  river; 
thence  up  that  stream  to  the  mouth  of  Conewango  creek,  at  Warren,  which  it 
ascended  to  the  New  York  State  line;  thence  along  that  line  until  it  intersected  the 
line  of  Luzerne  county  (erected  September  25,  1786),  which  it  followed  in  a  south- 
easterly direction,  until  it  connected  with  the  northern  line  of  Northumberland 
county,  which  it  followed  westwardly,  crossing  the  Muney  Hills  and  the  river  near 
the  present  railroad  bridge  at  Montgomery;  thence  down  the  river  to  the  place  of 
beginning.  The  immense  territory  contained  within  these  boundary  lines  comprised 
over  12,000  square  miles.    Such  was  the  extent  of  the  parent  county  of  Tioga. 

THE    WALKEE    TEAGEDY. 

This  affair,  which  created  a  great  deal  of  excitement  at  that  time,  and  agitated 
the  Senecas  to  the  verge  of  war,  was  caused  by  an  Indian  boasting,  while  under  the 
influence  of  liquor,  at  a  public  gathering  at  a  tavern  near  the  mouth  of  Pine  creek, 
that  he  had  tomahawked  and  scalped  John  Walker  during  a  raid  near  what  is  now 
the  village  of  Winfield,  Union  county,  in  August,  1780.  Walker  was  an  old  man 
and  had  several  sons,  the  oldest  of  whom  was  named  Benjamin.  The  elder  Walker 
had  warranted  a  tract  of  land  lying  north  of  the  river  and  on  the  east  side  of  Pine 
creek,  but  during  the  Indian  troubles  he  and  his  family  had  fled  to  the  house  of  a 
friend  at  Winfield,  where  they  were  surprised  by  a  war  party  and  the  old  man  and 
several  others  cruelly  murdered.  Not  content  with  boasting  to  Benjamin  Walker 
and  two  of  his  brothers  that  he  had  killed  their  father,  he  made  grimaces  and  con- 
torted his  body  to  show  how  their  father  acted  when  he  was  in  the  act  of  scalping 
him.  This  fiendish  as  well  as  imprudent  act  so  enraged  the  Walker  boys  that  they  re- 
solved on  revenge.  Accordingly  they  secured  the  assistance  of  a  man  named  Sam 
Doyle,  who  had  seen  much  service  during  the  Indian  troubles,  and  going  to  the 
camp  of  the  Indian  that  night  slew  him.  He  was  accompanied  by  a  young  Indian, 
who  protested  his  innocence,  but  the  enragedparty  refused  to  listen  to  his  appeals 
for  mercy,  and  killed  him  also.  They  then  threw  the  dead  bodies  into  Pine  creek, 
at  a  point  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  the  junction  of  the  Fall  Brook  with  the 
Beech  Creek  railroad,  where  they  remained  until  a  rise  of  the  water  soon  afterward 
deposited  them  on  a  sand  bar  and  they  were  discovered. 

When  the  news  of  the  killing  of  the  Indians  reached  their  friends  in  the 
"Genesee  Country,"  they  became  greatly  enraged  and  threatened  vengeance.  This 
so  alarmed  the  white  settlers  on  Pine  creek  and  the  river  that  they  petitioned  the 
State  authorities  for  protection.  The  latter  sent  commissioners  to  treat  with  the 
Indians,  and  straightway  offered  a  reward  for  the  arrest  of  the  guilty  parties. 
Doyle  was  apprehended,  tried  and  acquitted,  but  the  Walkers  escaped  from  the 
country  and  became  fugitives.  The  sympathies  of  the  whites  were  really  with  the 
Walkers,  but  the  threat  of  an  Indian  invasion  so  frightened  them  that  they  made 


THE    LAXD    OF    TIOGA. 


a  pretext  of  arresting  the  culprits  to  allay  the  wrath  of  their  red  neighbors.  The  fact 
that  Doyle  was  found  not  guilty  showed  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  the  people — 
that  the  Indians  richly  merited  the  punishment  they  received  for  their  atrocious 
crimes,  even  if  it  was  meted  out  to  them  in  time  of  peace  and  was  murder  in  the 
eyes  of  the  law. 

Soon  after  his  acquittal,  Doyle  became  interested  with  Charles  Williamson  and 
assisted  him  in  building  his  famous  road  through  Tioga  eoxmty,  and  in  lajing  out 
the  city  of  Bath.  It  may  seem  strange  that  after  his  experiences  with  the  Senecas 
he  shf)uld  locate  so  near  to  them.  He  lived  about  three  miles  below  Bath,  and 
died  there  in  the  early  twenties. 

Benjamin  Walker  and  his  two  brothers  were  never  arrested.  Friends  kept 
them  concealed  until  they  had  an  opportunity  to  escape  from  the  coimtry.  Two 
of  them,  Benjamin  and  Henry,  made  their  way  to  Xorth  Bend,  on  the  Ohio  river, 
and  when  Indiana  became  a  State  they  settled  in  Dearborn  eoimty.  In  course  of 
time  Benjamin  was  joined  by  his  wife,  Ann  C'ra\vf(irJ,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
Major  Crawford,  of  I'ine  Creek  township,  Clinton  coimty.  He  raised  a  family  of 
ten  children  and  died  in  1848,  aged  nearly  ninety  years.  The  other  brother,  Joseph, 
disappeared  from  notice,  but  there  is  a  tradition  that  he  followed  the  Indians  into 
the  Genesee  country,  and  probably  perished  at  their  hands. 

INDI.VN    CHARACTERISTICS    AND     I'lX'ULIAUITIES. 

It  is  remarkable  what  an  accurate  information  the  aborigines  possessed  of  the 
geography  and  topography  of  the  country.  With  no  knowledge  of  th''  cnMlpa^s  and 
destitute  of  means  for  accurate  measurement,  they  seemed  to  possess  an  intuitive 
knowledge  of  places,  however  remote  they  might  be.  and  how  to  reach  them  Ijy  the 
most  direct  route.  Their  mode  of  life  frequently  led  them  hundreds  of  miles  into 
a  strange  country,  either  in  pursuit  of  game  or  of  an  enemy.  Yet  they  never  seemed 
to  have  any  fear  about  finding  their  way  back.  This  knowledge  came  from  ex- 
perience and  keenness  of  observation,  acquireil  by  leading  a  nomadic  life  in  a 
country  which  was  in  every  respect  a  "howling  wilderness."  In  a  wnnl.  they  were 
compelled  to  depend  on  the  signs  of  nature — to  observe  closely  and  quickly,  and 
remember  accurately  every  minute  detail,  either  in  the  configuration  of  the  country, 
or  the  trees,  rocks  and  streams.  Their  paths,  therefore,  were  always  laid  out  by  the 
most  available  routes  and  by  excellent  springs  of  water;  but  they  were  only  of 
sufficient  width  for  one,  for  they  always  traveled  in  single  file — one  behiml  the 
other.  They  knew  the  best  fording  ]ilaees  on  rivers  and  ereeks,  and  thither  their 
main  paths  were  directed.  From  their  great  thoroughfares  numerous  smaller  trails 
branched,  which  were  used  as  "cut  oSs"  in  shortening  distances  when  they  did  not 
want  to  visit  important  points,  but  were  desirous  of  being  as  expeditious  as  pos- 
sible in  making  long  journeys.  In  exercising  their  natural  engineering  abilities, 
they  were  guided  by  the  stars  and  the  moss  on  the  bark  of  trees,  as  to  the  points  of 
the  comjiass,  whilst  their  intuitive  knowledge  of  location  enabled  them  to  penetrate 
tlie  thickest  and  gloomiest  of  forests  and  reach  their  destination  with  safety. 
Nature  furnished  them  unerring  signs  as  guides,  which  they  never  mistook  in  their 
movements.     Consequently  it  was  rare  for  an  Indian  to  lose  his  luarinLTs  in  the 


38  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COXJITTY. 

depth  of  the  forest.    So  advantageously  were  their  paths  located  that  the  whites, 
when  they  came  to  build  roads,  generally  followed  them. 

Peculiar  as  a  race — lost  to  their  ancient  people — ^they  seemed  destined  to  fulfill 
their  mission  and  slowly  fade  away.  Possessing  many  noble  qualities,  yet  the  great 
wrongs  they  suffered  goaded  them  to  commit  deeds  of  violence  and  blood.  They 
knew  no  guile  until  they  came  in  contact  with  civilization;  they  possessed  the 
attributes  of  purity  until  contaminated  by  the  vices  of  a  race  claiming  to  be  their 
superiors;  they  were  temperate  until  taught  by  white  men  how  to  degrade  them- 
selves by  the  use  of  "fire  water."  Some  writers  have  styled  them  the  Eomans  of  the 
Kew  "World;  but  like  the  Eomans  of  the  Old  World,  they  drank  of  the  bitter  cup  and 
passed  away. 


CHAPTEK  III. 

BEGINNING    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Purchase  of  1784— Fair  Play  System— Lycoming  Township  Formed— Its  Bound- 
aries AND  Area— Old  Tioga  Township  Erected— A  Valuable  Document 
Discovered— Boundaries  Defined— Other  Becord  Evidence— Tioga  Town- 
ship Taxables  of  1800— Additional  Extracts  Prom  Early  Records— Panther 
and  Wolf  Scalp  Bounties. 


WHEN  the  purchase  of  1784  was  made  from  the  Indians,  at  the  treaty  of  Fort 
Stanwix,  the  newly-acquired  territory  was  attached  to  Northumberland  county. 
It  was  a  vast  domain.  The  settlers — of  whom  there  were  many  along  the  north  side 
of  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna — were  squatters  on  the  Indian  lands  before 
the  purchase.  Settlements  in  this  territory  had  been  made  as  early  as  1770,  and 
being  outside  the  limits  of  the  Province,  its  laws  could  afford  the  settlers  no  protec- 
tion. Owing  to  this  fact,  when  they  became  numerous,  they  were  obliged  to  organize 
some  kind  of  a  government  for  their  own  protection.  What  is  known  in  history  as  the 
"Fair  Play  System"  was  the  result  of  their  deliberations.  Three  commissioners  or 
judges  were  elected  annually,  who  sat  in  judgment  upon  offenders  against  the  peace 
and  dignity  of  the  settlement,  when  they  were  brought  before  them,  and  from  their 
decisions  there  was  no  appeal.  Tradition  says  that  they  dispensed  justice  with 
wisdom,  fairness  and  dignity.  In  a  word,  "Fair  Play"  was  accorded  to  all.  Those 
who  made  themselves  obnoxious  to  the  settlers  by  the  commission  of  crime  or  at- 
tempted to  interfere  with  the  pre-emption  rights  of  squatters,  were  banished  from 
the  settlement.  The  sentence,  in  extreme  cases,  was  carried  out  by  placing  the 
offenders  in  a  canoe  at  the  mouth  of  Lycoming  creek  and  sending  them  adrift  down 
the  river  into  the  Province.     The  leading  "Fair  Play"  man  was  the  celebrated 


BEGIXXIXG    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY.  39 


Brattan  Caldwell.  A  grandson  afterwards  settled  at  Covington,  Tioga  county,  and 
his  descendants  still  live  in  the  county.  Xearly  all  these  early  settlers  were  Scotch- 
Irish.  They  were  a  sturdy  race  of  men,  noted  for  their  daring  during  times  of 
danger  and  for  their  patriotism  in  the  Eevolution.  On  this  accoimt  they  were 
nearly  all  granted  pre-emption  lands  when  the  purchase  was  made  from  the  Indians, 
and  received  patents  from  the  State. 

LYCOMIXO     TOWNSHIP     FOHMED. 

The  settlements  along  the  river  had  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  immedi- 
ately after  the  purchase  of  178-1  the  inhabitants  began  to  discuss  the  propriety  of  hav- 
ing a  new  township  formed.  Accordingly,  at  the  August  session,  lT.s.5,  of  the  North- 
umberland county  court,  a  petition  was  presented  setting  forth  the  absolute  nfcossity 
for  this  territory  to  be  organized  "for  the  purposes  of  order  and  a  civil  state  of 
society,"  and  praying  the  court  "to  erect  that  part  between  Lycoming  and  Pine 
creeks,  being  near  fifteen  milts,  into  one  township;  and  from  Pine  creek  upwards 
into  another  township,"  which  was  accordingly  done,  the  former  receiving  the  name 
of  Lycoming,  and  the  latter  that  of  Pine  Creek. 

Lycoming  township,  therefore,  was  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Susquehanna 
river;  on  the  east  by  Lycoming  creek;  on  the  west  by  Pine  creek,  and  i>ii  the  north 
by  the  State  of  New  York.  The  territdiv  was  very  extensive,  and  included  all  of 
what  is  now  Tioga  county,  except  that  portion  lyin^  west  and  south  of  Pine  creek; 
that  part  of  Bradford  county  lying  west  of  the  old  Luzerne  county  line,  and  the 
portion  of  Potter  edunly  lying  east  of  the  I'.'oth  mile-stone — five  miles  west  of  the 
present  boundary  line — and  north  of  Pine  creek,  besides  the  following  territory  in 
Lycoming  county:  Old  Lyeomiiif,',  Lycoming,  Mclntyre,  Jackson,  Cogan  House, 
Anthony,  Woodward,  Piatt,  Miillin,  and  I'ine  townshi]is,  and  parts  of  Lewis,  Watson, 
Cummings,  Mellonry  and  Brown  townships,  embracing  an  area  about  one-third 
larger  than  Rhode  Island. 

When  Lycoming  county  was  organized,  April  13,  170.").  this  territory  was  in- 
cluded within  its  boundaries,  and  the  township  of  Lyeoming  was  not  curtailed  until 
Sepleinher,  1797,  when  tlie  township  of  Tio^^a  was  taken  from  it.  In  the  meantime 
settlements  had  been  made  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township,  in  the  Cowanesque 
valley  and  along  the  Tioj^a  river,  but  they  were  far  removed  from  the  haunts  of 
civilization. 

OLD    TIOGA     TOWNSHIP     ERECTED. 

As  the  number  of  settlers  along  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  rivers  increased, 
it  Soon  became  apparent  that  the  township  of  Lycoming  must  be  divided,  for  the 
convenience  of  the  inhabitants,  and  more  especially  the  township  oflicers.  Until 
recently  all  efforts  to  trace  the  origin  of  the  movement,  which  finally  resulted  in 
thi'  erection  of  Tioga  township,  proved  fruitless,  owing  to  the  destruction  in  the 
flood  of  IScSti  of  many  of  the  records  of  Lycoming  county.  A  few  months  ago, 
hcweviT,  the  missing  document  was  found,  by  the  publi.shers  of  this  history,  among 
a  bundle  of  dust-covered  papers  in  the  prothonotary's  office  at  Williainsport,  where 
it  had  lain  unnoticed  for  nearly  one  hundred  years.     It  is  well  jireserved.  though 


40  HISTORY    or    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


bearing  evidences  of  age,  and  is  of  great  historical  value,  as  the  following  verbatim 
copy  of  it  will  show: 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  General  Quarter  Sessions  of  the 
Peace  for  Lycoming-  county: 

The  petition  of  the  subscribers  most  humbly  showeth:  That  the  settlements  upon 
the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  are  separated  by  a  very  considerable  wilderness  from  the  set- 
tlements upon  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  are  so  remote  that  it  is  not 
certain  to  what  township,  if  any,  they  at  present  belong.  That  it  is  necessary  for  the 
administration  of  justice,  so  far  as  it  is  committed  to  the  distribution  of  township  oM- 
cers,  to  have  the  country  that  they  inhabit  erected  into  a  new  township. 

Therefore,  the  petitioners  pray  your  honor  to  erect  the  country  contained  vsdthin  the 
following  limits  into  a  new  township,  viz :  Beginning  at  the  State  line  of  Pennsylvania 
and  New  York  where  the  line  of  Luzerne  strikes  it  on  the  west;  thence  along  the  State 
line  to  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  mile-stone  ;  thence  a  south  line  until  it  strikes 
Pine  creek  ;  thence  down  the  same  to  where  Brier  Hill  crosses  it ;  thence  along  the  sum- 
mit of  Brier  Hill  to  the  line  of  Luzerne  county ;  thence  with  the  same  to  the  beginning. 
And  your  petitioners,  as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  pray,  etc. 
Samuel  Paterson,  Gad  Lamb, 

Reuben  Cook,  Nathan  Niles, 

Barit  My.  Engasole,  Peter  Roberts, 

John  Ives,  Bennajah  Ives, 

Uriah  Spencer,  Gideon  Salisbury,  Jr., 

Titus  Ives,  John  Holiday, 

Richard  Mitchell,  John  Roberts, 

Benjamin  Cole,  Thomas  Willson, 

Timothy  Ives,  Benjamin  Corey. 

On  the  back  of  the  foregoing  petition  appears  two  indorsements,  one  of  which 
is  as  follows: 

Granted.     Name  of  the  township.     Submission. 

The  court  appoints  for  submission  township:  Overseers  of  the  Poor— Isaac  Adams, 
Jesse  Losey.  Supervisors  of  roads— Timothy  Ives,  Titus  Ives.  Constable— Stephen 
Loeey. 

The  following  is  the  other  indorsement: 
September  session,  1797.     Petition  for  a  new  township  on  Tioga.     Granted.     Name, 

Such  is  the  record  that  lies  at  the  foundation  of  the  history  of  Tioga  as  a  county 
From  the  indorsements  quoted  it  would  appear  that  the  name  first  given  to  the  new 
township  was  "Submission,"  but  that  it  was  afterward  changed  by  the  court  to 
"Tioga."  This  is  a  reasonable  surmise,  although  there  is  nothing  in  the  document 
itself  to  indicate  which  of  the  indorsements  was  first  written.  The  names  of  the  peti- 
tioners for  the  most  part  are  those  of  men  prominent  in  the  early  affairs  of  the 
county. 

Until  the  discovery  of  this  valuable  document,  the  only  record  in  existence  to 
show  when  the  name  of  the  township  of  Tioga  first  appeared,  was  a  little  book  not 
much  larger  than  an  ordinary  pass  book  of  the  present  day.    It  was  found  a  few  years 
ago,  half  buried  in  the  mud,  in  a  vault  in  the  basement  of  the  court  house  at  Williams 
port.  There  a  large  quantity  of  papers,  relating  to  the  first  courts  of  Lycoming  county 


BEGIXNIXG    OF    TIOGA     COUNTY.  41 

K 

had  been  stored,  but  the  great  flood  of  1889  came  and  engulfed  them.  When  taken 
out  they  were  not  only  water-soaked,  but  covered  with  a  thin,  slimy  mud,  and  to  save 
them  they  had  to  be  dried  in  the  sun.  In  this  mass  of  water-soaked  papers  was  the 
little  book  spoken  of.  On  examination  it  was  found  to  be  the  quarter  sessions 
docket  for  1798,  and  although  much  faded  and  stained  by  the  action  of  the  water, 
nearly  all  the  writing  was  plain  and  easily  read.  Turning  to  the  record  of  September 
term,  1798,  it  opens  with  a  list  of  the  townships  and  constables,  just  as  they  are 
recorded  in  the  proceedings  of  such  courts  to-day.  At  the  bottom  Tioga  appears 
as  the  eleventh  township  in  Lycoming  county,  with  this  note:  '"Job  Stiles  appointed 
constable  of  Tioga  township  and  sworn." 

Tioga  township,  as  thus  created,  in  response  to  the  petition  heretofore  quoted, 
embraced  all  that  part  of  the  present  area  of  Tioga  county  lying  north  of  the  summit 
of  Brier  Hill  and  east  and  north  of  Pine  creek.  It  also  included  all  of  Bradford 
county  lying  west  of  the  old  line  of  Luzerne  county,  and  that  portion  of  Potter 
coxmty  lying  north  of  Pine  creek  and  east  of  the  120th  mile-stone  on  the  New  York 
State  line. 

TIOGA    TOWNSHIP    TAXABLES    OF    1800. 

With  the  beginning  of  the  Nineteenth  century  the  legislature  deemed  it  proper 
to  have  an  enumeration  made  of  the  taxable  inhabitants  of  Lycoming  county,  and 
an  act  to  that  effect  was  passed  March  8,  1800.  The  requirements  of  the  law  w.Te 
promptly  complied  with  by  Commissioners  Thomas  l-'orster,  Charles  Stewart,  and 
James  McClure.  The  original  report  for  each  township,  as  forwarded  to  the 
secretary  of  the  commonwealth,  was  recently  found  among  the  archives  at  Harris- 
burg.  It  is  time-stained  and  faded,  but  legible.  Amonp  the  townships  apjiears  an 
enumeration  of  the  taxables  of  Tioga  township.  The  names,  occupation  and  ages 
are  as  follows: 

lUisha  Alderman,  farmer.  50;  Ephraim  Alderman,  farmer,  14:  .Tulm  Allington, 
farmer,  2t;  Isaac  Adams,  farmer,  55;  Kufus  Adams,  farmer,  24;  Merwin  Ammisey, 
farmer,  22;  Moses  Ammisoy,  farmer,  50;  Ralph  Brevear,  farmer,  2'>;  Iiorman  Blnss, 
millwright,  29;  Lewis  Bigelow,  farmer,  38;  Peres  Bardwell,  cooper,  33;  Samuel 
Bartles,  farmer,  38;  Jonathan  Bonney,  farmer,  2.");  Joseph  Bidin^^s,  farmer,  25; 
William  Bulkley,  farmer,  40;  Abnor  Blanchard,  cooper,  63;  Charles  Blanchard, 
farmer,  32;  Ezekiel  Blanchard,  farmer,  23;  Abner  Blanchard,  farmer,  21;  William 
Burlinganie,  farmer,  5(1;  John  Bobster,  farmer,  50;  Pegpy  Boher,  widow,  31;  Thomas 
Berry,  innkeeper;  Hopestill  Beecher,  farmer,  24;  Peter  Cady,  farmer,  23;  l-]lijah 
Cady,  farmer,  52;  Philip  Cady,  farmer,  2G;  Zebulon  Cady,  farmer,  46;  John  Cady, 
farmer,  25;  Manasseh  Cady,  farmer,  69;  Abel  Cady,  farmer,  25;  Amasa  Culver, 
farmer,  25;  Calvin  Chambers,  farmer,  2T;  William  Campbell,  farmer,  23;  Benjamin 
Chambers,  40;  David  Chambers,  farmer,  24;  Reuben  Cook,  farmer,  51;  Charles 
Ologer,  farmer,  44;  Lemuel  Gaylord,  farmer,  35;  Aaron  Gillet,  innkeeper,  34;  Joiin 
Goodlinp,  21;  Jonathan  Guisel,  farmer,  30;  John  C.ri^:,L's.  farmer.  50;  Stephen 
Gardner,  farmer,  30;  John  Gardner,  farmer,  35;  George  Goodhue,  tailor,  57;  Josiah 
Hovey,  innkeeper,  52;  Simeon  Hovey,  carpenter,  24;  Gurdon  Hovey,  carpenter,  22; 


42  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


William  Holden,  farmer,  28;  Stephen  Harrison,  farmer,  43;  Gideon  Haines,  joiner, 
38;  John  Hulings,  shoemaker,  27;  Daniel  Holiday,  farmer,  31;  Titus  Ives,  innkeeper, 
33;  John  Ives,  Jr.,  farmer,  36;  John  Ives,  Sr.,  farmer,  55;  Benajah  Ives,  farmer,  29; 
Benjamin  Ives,  farmer,  45;  Timothy  Ives,  farmer,  33;  Ambrose  Ives,  farmer,  63; 
Obadiah  Inscho,  farmer,  36;  Daniel  Ingersole,  farmer,  60;  Barret  M.  Ingersole, 
farmer,  22;  James  Jennings,  farmer,  27;  Philip  Job,  farmer,  24;  Subil  Johnston, 
joiner,  30;  Daniel  Jordan,  farmer,  35;  John  Jervis,  farmer,  21;  Joseph  Kelley,  farmer, 
38;  David  Kennedy,  farmer,  50;  William  Kennedy,  farmer,  35;  William  Knox, 
farmer,  30;  Mr.  Kingsley,  carpenter,  40;  James  Kinyon,  farmer,  72;  Benjamin 
Kinyon,  farmer,  26;  John  Kinyon,  farmer,  28;  Jacob  Kiphart,  farmer,  53;  Gad 
Lamb,  farmer,  55;  Jesse  Losey,  farmer,  35;  Stephen  Losey,  farmer,  30;  Stephen 
Lane,  farmer,  54;  Joseph  Lane,  farmer,  33;  Garret  Miller,  farmer,  42;  Samuel  Miller, 
farmer,  22;  Elisha  Marvin,  farmer,  28;  Eichard  Mitchell,  farmer,  30;  Thomas 
Mitchell,  blacksmith,  39;  Eobert  Mitchell,  farmer,  24;  Samuel  Needham,  farmer,  28; 
Nathan  Niles,  farmer,  44;  John  Newell,  farmer,  35;  William  Penrose,  farmer,  35; 
Job  Phillips,  farmer,  59;  Daniel  Phillips,  farmer,  31;  Samuel  Palmer,  53;  Lyman 
Pritchard,  farmer,  26;  Eeuben  Pribble,  farmer,  27;  George  Pike,  farmer,  37;  Stephen 
Eandle,  farmer,  30;  Jacob  Eeed,  farmer,  38;  Jacob  Eadley,  farmer,  40;  William 
Eathbun,  farmer,  24;  Eoyal  Southworth,  joiner,  24;  Uriah  Spencer,  farmer,  30; 
Ebenezer  Seelye,  farmer,  45;  Jacob  Stiles,  farmer,  40;  Titus  Sesse,  farmer,  40; 
Stephen  Smith,  farmer,  23;  Daniel  Strait,  farmer,  39;  Christopher  Schoonover, 
farmer,  43;  Jacob  Server,  farmer,  48;  Stephen  Socket,  farmer,  28;  Daniel  Thompson, 
farmer,  49;  Christopher  Thompson,  farmer,  36;  James  VanCamp,  farmer,  60;  John 
VanCamp,  farmer,  34;  Samuel  Wilcox,  farmer,  33;  Ezekiel  Webster,  farmer,  34;  John 
Wilson,  farmer,  35;  Thomas  Wilson,  farmer,  36;  Elisha  White,  farmer,  53. 
Total,  133. 

Accompanying  the  report  is  a  table  showing  the  number  of  colored  people  in  the 
county,  slave  and  free,  at  that  time.  Liberty  Jordan,  a  freeman,  aged  35,  is  the  only 
one  credited  to  Tioga  township. 

From  an  old  minute  book  of  the  commissioners,  under  date  of  September  3, 
1800,  it  appears  that  John  Carothers  was  paid  $16  for  "taking  Tioga  enimieration." 
He  was  a  resident  of  Lycoming  township,  and  had  a  tract  of  land  lying  on  the  river, 
a  short  distance  above  Newberry.  Prom  October  37,  1801,  to  October  36,  1804,  he 
served  as  coroner  of  Lycoming  county.  In  the  same  minute  book  he  is  charged  with 
being  paid  $9.30,  under  date  of  September  7,  1803,  for  holding  an  inquest  on  the 
dead  body  of  Peter  Grove.  The  latter  was  a  famous  Indian  killer,  and  reference  has 
been  made  to  him  as  being  concerned  with  his  brother  Michael  in  the  slaughter  of  a 
number  of  savages  on  the  Sinnemahoning.  He  settled  near  Dunnstown,  and  was 
drowned  in  the  river  late  in  the  fall  of  1803,  by  the  upsetting  of  his  canoe,'as  he  was 
crossing  from  the  south  side,  whither  he  had  gone  to  attend  a  shooting  match. 

As  Tioga  had  been  taken  from  Lycoming,  that  was  the  reason,  probably,  why 
one  of  the  residents  of  the  parent  township  was  selected  to  make  the  enumeration. 
When  the  wilderness  condition  of  the  new  township  is  considered,  the  job  was  cer- 
tainly not  a  pleasant  one.  The  only  way  to  reach  the  district  was  by  the  Indian  path 
up  Pine  and  Babb's  creeks,  over  the  State  road  from  Newberry,  which  had  just  been 
opened,  or  by  the  Williamson  road  from  Trout  Eun  and  the  Block  House.  The  set- 


BEGIN  MXO    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT.  43 

tiers  were  widely  scattered  along  the  valleys  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  rivers,  and 
in  "out-of-the-way"  nooks  where  it  was  hard  to  find  them.  That  the  enumerator, 
if  he  traveled  through  the  new  township  in  search  of  settlers,  richly  earned  his  sixteen 
dollars  will  he  the  verdict  of  all  familiar  with  the  extent  of  the  forest  region. 

ADDITIONAL     EXTEACT8     FEOM     EABLY     BECOBDS. 

Further  evidence  of  the  early  efforts  that  were  made  to  improve  this  new  town- 
ship are  furnished  by  the  fragmentary  minute  hooks  of  the  commissioners  of  Lycom- 
ing county,  which  are  still  in  existence.  An  entry  under  date  of  October  21,  1803, 
shows  that  Joseph  Ross  and  Josiah  AMiite  were  supervisors  of  roads  in  Tioga  town- 
ship, and  that  they  were  paid  $420.78  for  making  an  assessment  of  unseated  lands. 
December  6,  1803,  Henry  Donnel  was  paid  $."J1.04  "in  full  for  running  the  Tioga 
township  line;"  but  the  most  diligent  search  has  failed  to  develop  his  report.  In 
March,  1804,  Uriah  Spencer  received  $10.56  "in  full  for  assessing  the  towbship;" 
and  on  the  12th  of  May,  same  year,  Mordecai  Sweeny  was  paid  $3.60  "for  carrying 
duplicate  to  the  collector  of  Tioga  township." 

Under  date  of  June  6,  1804,  William  Rathbun  and  Moses  Wilson,  "supervisors 
of  roads,"  are  paid  "on  account  for  unseated  land  tax  for  Tioga  township  for  1803, 
$219.45."  And  order  No.  163,  December  5,  1804,  shows  us  that  Titus  Ives  was  paid 
$7.62  for  attendance  as  a  witness  at  Williamsport  in  the  case  of  "Repub.  vs.  Ciillet, 
at  September  and  December  terms"  of  court. 

An  act  passed  by  the  legislature  April  3,  1804  (Smith's  Laws,  vol.  IV.,  p.  107), 
made  Tioga  township  a  separate  election  district,  and  directed  that  elections 
should  be  held  at  the  house  of  Thomas  Ben-y.  On  October  16,  following,  the  v<>m- 
missioners  paid  Alexander  Stone  fifty  cents  "for  making  an  election  box  for  the 
Tioga  district."  As  there  were  few  voles  to  poll  a  small  box  evidently  sufficed  to 
contain  the  ballots.  William  Rathbun  appears  to  have  served  as  inspector  and  he 
was  paid  $:!.  Moses  Wilson  presided  as  judge  and  lie  received  the  same  pay.  Nathan 
Niles  performed  the  duties  of  clerk  and  received  $3,  also.  Uriah  Spencer  served  as 
judge  at  one  election  and  his  pay  was  the  same. 

PANTHER    AND    WOLF    SCALP     BOUNTIES. 

In  those  days  wild  animals  were  plenty  in  the  wilderness  of  Tioga,  and 
considerable  money  was  paid  out  of  the  treasury  as  bounties  for  scalps.  In  the 
commissioners'  minute  book  for  ISOS  many  entries  of  this  kind  are  found,  a  few  of 
which  are  culled  at  random,  to  show  who  received  bounties.  On  the  15th  of  March, 
1808,  Wilson  Freeman  received  $16  "I'or  two  full  grown  panthers'  heads:""  and  on 
the  5th  of  JIny.  same  year,  Timothy  Coats,  Isaac  Gaylord  and  James  Whitney  were 
paid  .$3a  "for  three  wolf  and  une  imnther  heads,""  certified  by  Nathan  Xiles,  Esq., 
On  June  3d,  Aaron  Freeman  was  paid  $8  "for  a  full  grown  wolf  head"  upon  the 
certificate  of  Justice  Xiles;  Joshua  Reynolds  also  received  $8,  and  Nathan  Brown  a 
similar  sum  for  wolf  scalps.  In  the  latter  case  Nathaniel  Allen,  Esq.,  made  the 
certificate.  On  the  1st  of  July,  Joshua  lievnolds  pocketed  i?8  "for  a  full  grown 
wolf  head"  upon  certificate  of  'Squire  Niles,  and  on  the  12th  of  August,  Timothy 
Culver  had  his  exchequer  replenished  by  a  like  amount  on  the  same   squire's  cer- 


44  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tificate.  Eufus  Adams  was  paid  $8  on  the  39th  of  August,  and  Titus  lyes  was  en- 
riched $16  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month  for  the  scalps  of  two  wolves  which  he  had 
trapped  and  slain. 

During  the  first  decade  of  the  Nineteenth  century  hundreds  of  dollars  were 
paid  in  bounties  for  the  destruction  of  wolves  and  panthers  in  Tioga  township; 
and  the  work  of  killing  was  continued  well  along  in  the  second  and  third  decades. 
These  animals  abounded  in  those  early  days,  and  while  they  did  not  often  attack 
persons,  the  wolves  particularly  were  a  source  of  constant  trouble  to  the  farmers 
on  account  of  killing  their  sheep  if  they  were  not  securely  housed  at  night.  Fre- 
quently whole  flocks  were  decimated  in  a  night  by  these  rapacious  and  prowling 
pests  of  the  wilderness  settlements.  For  this  reason  the  legislature  authorized 
the  payment  of  a  botmty  for  their  destruction. 


CHAPTEK  IV. 

TIOGA  COUNTY  ORGANIZED. 

The  Landed  Interests— Their  Influence  on  Legislation— Tioga  County  Ceeated 
—Form  and  Area— Derivation  of  Name— The  Teem  Tioga— Boundary  Line 
Dispute— Origin  of  the  Trouble— Various  Efforts  to  Establish  Lines— 
A  Tangle  of  Perplexing  Questions— The  Latest  Commission. 


OWING  to  landed  interests  the  inhabitants  of  what  became  Lycoming  county  April 
13, 1795,  had  to  petition  and  importune  the  Assembly  for  nine  years  before  their 
prayers  were  granted.  The  opposition  came  principally  from  such  men  as  Kobert 
Morris  and  others  who  seemed  imbued  with  a  consuming  desire  to  own  all  the  lands 
acquired  by  the  purchase  of  1784;  and  as  these  lands  were  annexed  to  Northumber- 
land county  they  feared  that  its  dismemberment  would  operate  against  their  in- 
terests. But  after  Morris  disposed  of  his  immense  possessions  in  the  State  of  New 
York  and  was  overtaken  by  business  troubles,  he  no  longer  interposed  objections  to 
the  creation  of  new  counties. 

Lycoming  county  covered  an  immense  area — about  12,000  square  miles — and  it 
soon  became  clear  to  the  owners  of  the  great  bodies  of  land  that  settlements  could 
be  facilitated  by  making  more  counties.  These  landed  proprietors  were  mostly  resi- 
dents of  Philadelphia,  and  as  the  assembly  sat  there,  they  had,  on  account  of  their 
wealth  and  standing,  great  influence  with  the  members.  Legislation  then,  as  now 
was  often  controlled  by  rings  or  syndicates;  but  it  was  more  especially  in  the  interest 
of  land  owners  and  projectors  of  new  towns.  Bath  had  been  founded  by  a  great 
English  syndicate,  whose  manager,  Charles  Williamson,  was  one  of  the  most  saga- 


TIOGA    COUNTY    OBGAXIZED.  45 


cious,  enterprising  and  daring  men  of  his  time,  and  his  bold  operations  in  the  wilder- 
ness began  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  whole  countrj-.  This  aroused  the  owners 
of  the  land  lying  south  of  Bath.  They  saw  that  the  tide  of  emigration  was  setting  in 
for  the  "Genesee  country,''  as  it  w  as  then  called,  over  the  great  road  which  William- 
son had  built  from  Lycoming  creek  across  the  mountains  and  down  the  Tioga  river, 
and  they  perceived  that  if  something  was  not  soon  done  to  arrest  this  flow  of  travel 
a  fine  settlement  would  be  founded  north  of  them  and  their  lands  would  remain  in  a 
wilderness  condition. 

TIOGA  COUNTY  CHEATED. 

The  Pine  Creek  Land  Company  had  been  organized  and  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris 
installed  as  their  agent  on  the  ground.  He  was  from  Philadelphia,  had  been  trained 
to  business,  and  was  a  shrewd,  far-seeing  man.  His  backers  resided  in  Philadelphia 
and  wielded  great  influence.  Their  intiMusts,  combined  witii  the  interests  of  other 
land  owners  in  the  great  territory  embraced  by  Lycomiiij:  county,  induced  them  to 
enter  into  a  movement  for  the  organization  of  more  counties.  The  letrislature  was 
then  sitting  at  Lancaster,  and  tlie  movement  culminated  in  the  introiluetion  cif  a 
bill — known  as  the  "omnibus  bill" —  for  tliu  formation  of  a  whole  block  of  counties. 
It  was  approved  March  2(i,  isot,  and  created  the  following  counties:  ChaiiiclJ, 
Jefferson,  McKean,  Potter  and  Tio^ii.  Tliose  counties  witc  contiguous  or  adjoined 
each  other,  and  the  territory  out  of  which  some  of  them  were  formed  was  practically 
an  unknown  wilderness. 

Centre  county  wiis  organized  l-'ebruary  13,  1800,  out  of  parts  of  Mifflin,  Xor- 
thumberiand,  Lycoming  and  Huntingdon;  Clearfield  out  of  parts  of  Lycoming  and 
Northumberland.  But  Jefferson,  JUKean,  Potter  and  Tioga  were  formed  ..ut  of 
territory  taken  from  Lycoming  county  alone.  Lycoming,  therefore,  is  the  mother 
of  Tioga,  and  stately  old  Northumberland,  erected  :March  '21,  Vm,  is  her  grand- 
mother. 

Section  five  of  the  "Omnibus  Bill,"  of  ^hnvh  2r,.  ls(i4,  thus  defines  the  bound- 
aries of  Tioga: 

That  so  much  of  the  county  of  Lycoming,  included  in  the  following  boundaries,  to 
wit:  Itotrinning  Ave  miles  north  of  the  southeast  corner  of  number  four,  in  Brodhead's 
district  line  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  said  number  four;  thence  due  east  until  it 
strikes  the  main  branch  of  Lycoming  creek;  thence  up  the  said  creek  to  the  head  thereof, 
near  the  Towandv  beaver  dams;  thence  to  the  head  of  said  beaver  dams,  or  until  it  m- 
tersects  the  boundary  line  between  Luzerne  and  Lycoming  counties;  thence  a  straight 
line  to  the  eightieth  mile  stone  on  the  State  line;  thence  west  along  the  State  line  to  the 
northeast  corner  of  Vultcr  county;  thence  south  alonsr  the  line  of  the  same  to  the  place 
of  beginning,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  erected  into  a  separate  county,  to  be  henceforth 
colled  Tioga  county,  and  the  place  of  holding  courts  of  justice  in  and  for  .said  county 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  legislature  at  any  place  at  a  distance  not  greater  than  seven  miles 
from  the  .enter  of  the  county,  which  may  be  most  beneficial  and  convenient  for  said 
county. 

Tioga  is  the  fourth  county  of  I'cnnsyhania  in  the  northern  tier  "f  countii-s,  on 
the  New  York  State  line,  counting  from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  State  and  Dela- 
ware river;  the  first  being  Wayne;  the  second,  Snsiiuehanna;  the  third.  liradford,  and 


46  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


the  fourth,  Tioga.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Steuben  county,  New  York;  on 
the  east  by  Bradford  and  Lycoming  counties;  on  the  south  by  Lycoming  county,  and 
on  the  west  by  Potter  county. 

FOEM  AND  AEEA. 

In  shape  Tioga  is  almost  square,  excepting  the  southeast  corner,  which  is  irregu- 
lar or  jagged.  Its  north  line,  which  is  also  the  line  between  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  run  upon  the  parallel  of  north  latitude  forty-two  degrees.  Its  south  line 
was  intended  to  follow  the  parallel  of  forty-one  degrees  thirty-five  minutes.  Its 
west  line  was  laid  along  the  meridian  of  forty-seven  minutes  west  from  Washington. 
Its  east  line  runs  a  little  east  of  south,  from  a  point  on  the  State  line  about  two  and 
one-half  minutes  east  of  the  "Washington  meridian  to  the  marsh  at  the  head  of  Ly- 
coming creek,  near  Canton;  whence  the  county  line  descends  Lycoming  creek  five 
miles  and  then  ascends  Eoaring  Branch  about  three  miles,  thus  cutting  off  the  theo- 
retical square  southeast  corner  and  producing  a  jagged  or  irregular  edge. 

The  dimensions  of  the  county,  according  to  the  geological  report,  are  as  follows: 
North  line,  34|  miles;  south  line  (if  straight  to  Lycoming  creek),  33|  miles;  east 
line,  S8J  miles;  west  line,  31J  miles;  southeast  line  (on  Lycoming  creek),  5  miles. 
Its  area  is,  therefore,  about  1,124  square  miles,  or  719,360  acres.  This,  according  to 
the  figures  of  the  land  ofiice,  is  only  eighty-nine  square  miles  less  than  the  area  of 
Lycoming  county. 

DEEIVATION  OF  NAME. 

The  county  derived  its  name  from  the  Tioga  river,  which  flows  north  and  unites 
with  the  Conhocton  near  Corning;  after  the  confluence  it  is  called  the  Chemung, 
which  sweeps  around  in  a  semi-circle  and  finally  unites  with  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  at  what  was  formally  known  as  Tioga  Point,  but  is  now  called  Athens, 
in  Bradford  county.  Tioga  Point  was  originally  the  gateway  to  the  country  of  the 
Six  Indian  nations,  through  which  visitors  had  to  pass.  Early  explorers  and  pioneers 
found  their  way  up  the  Tioga,  as  it  was  then  called,  into  the  neighborhood  of  what  is 
now  Corning,  and  thence  up  the  valley  of  the  present  Tioga  river.  Indeed,  in  early 
times  no  other  way  of  reaching  this  section  of  the  country  was  known.  But  if  Tioga 
Point,  whose  early  history  is  so  thrilling  and  deeply  interesting,  has  lost  its  identity, 
the  name  of  Tioga  has  been  perpetuated  in  two  counties — one  in  Pennsylvania  and 
one  in  New  York — a  river,  a  township  and  a  borough  in  the  former.  From  its  source 
to  its  mouth  the  river  forms  a  figure  like  the  letter  C,  and  is  nearly  eighty  miles  in 
length,  while  the  source  and  the  mouth  are  only  about  thirty-seven  miles  apart.  It 
bore  its  name  all  the  way  around  in  Indian  times,  and  it  never  should  have  been 
changed  to  Chemung  in  New  York. 

THE  TEEM  TIOGA. 

This  term,  once  applied  to  one  of  the  most  important  points  in  Northern  Penn- 
sylvania, is  of  Indian  origin.  It  was  first  heard  of  as  early  as  1749,  and  was  often 
mentioned  during  the  French  and  Indian  War  of  1754-60,  and  in  the  time  of  the 


TIOGA    COUNTY    OBGAN'IZED. 


Revolution.  Like  most  Indian  names  it  has  been  spelled  in  various  ways  or  to  suit 
the  idea  of  sound  as  expressed  by  German,  French  and  English.  During  the  Revolu- 
tion it  settled  down  to  its  present  uniform  orthography.  The  earliest  written  forms 
of  the  word,  as  found  in  old  documents  and  letters,  are:  "Diahoga,"  "Diahogo,"' 
"Diaga,"  "Tayego,"  and  "Teogo."  And  once  in  a  letter  of  David  Jameson  t'>  Ed- 
ward Shippen,  written  under  date  of  October  13,  1756,  it  was  spelled  as  it  is  to-day. 
As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  various  interpretations  have  been  given  by  scholars  and 
writers.  Laidlaw's  dictionarj'  gives  it  "How  swift  the  current;"  and  others  follow  in 
the  same  \ein.  ilany  years  ago  there  was  a  tradition  among  the  old  settlers  in  the 
townships  that  it  meant  "Swcot  water,"  but  it  is  doubtful  if  this  was  the  true  meaning 
of  the  word.  Josiah  J'^inery,  Esq.,  long  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  and  a  careful  pains- 
taking investigator  and  writer,  interpreted  it  to  mean  "Head  water,"  which  is  more 
likely  to  be  correct  than  Laidlaw's  definition. 

A  better  explanation  of  the  meaning  of  the  word  was  furnished  by  Lloyd  P. 
Smith,  for  many  years  librarian  of  the  old  "Library  Company  of  Philadelphia," 
founded  in  1731.  Ho  says  that  acconlinK  to  ilatthew  S.  Henry  s  manuscript  dic- 
tionary, Tioga  is  an  Iroquois  word,  and  means  "Gate."  Tills  is  confirmed  by  otlier 
high  authorities.  N.  T.  True,  Esq.,  of  IJetliel,  ilaine,  says  it  is  derived  from 
Teyaogen — an  interval,  or  anything  in  the  middle  or  between  two  thinjrs.  Hence 
tei-ohoho-gen — "the  forks  of  a  stream,"  or  "the  place  where  two  rivers  meet,"  that  is, 
the  point  between  them. 

Rev.  John  Heckeweldcr,  the  famous  Jloravian  missionary,  who  spent  much 
of  his  life  among  the  Indians,  and  wrote  a  history  of  them,  says  that  the  word  is  de- 
river  from  tiagoa,  an  Iroquois  word,  siunifying  "a  f^ate  way,"  or  "a  plaee  to  enter 
in  at."  This  seems  to  be  the  most  reasonable  definition  when  tlie  location  and  sur- 
rounding emulitions  are  considered. 

Here  the  Tioga  united  with  tlie  Siisciuehanna,  and  the  Point  or  wedjxe  of  land 
lying  within  (he  forks  of  the  two  rivers  lieeame  historically  important  in  early  times, 
because  the  traveler  after  crossing;  either  of  these  two  streams  entered  the  territory 
of  the  Six  Nations,  as  through  a  gate.  The  country  south  of  the  forks  or  Point 
belonged  to  the  Delaware  Indians.  Rev.  David  Zeisberger,  another  zealous  Mora- 
vian, who  traveled  this  way  as  early  as  17.")(i  on  a  mission  to  Onondaga,  the  capital  of 
the  Six  Nations,  said  that  "at  Tiaoijiu  or  the  gate,  a  guard  of  Indians  were  stationeil 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  character  of  all  persons  who  crossed  over  into  their 
country,  and  that  whoever  entered  their  territory  by  another  way  than  through  the 
gate,  or  iiy  way  of  the  Mohawk,  was  suspected  by  them  of  evil  purposes,  and  treated 
as  a  sjiy  or  enemy." 

This  condition  of  affairs  was  very  likely  brouirht  about  by  French  influence  in 
Canada,  for  the  iiur])0se  of  retarding  the  encroachments  of  the  whites  from  the  Dela- 
ware region.  The  French  were  anxious  to  occupy  all  that  portion  of  the  Province 
now  embraced  in  what  is  termed  northwestern  Penn.sylvania,  and  were  jealous  of  the 
advance  of  tlie  English  towards  that  territory.  French  influence  over  the  Indians 
was  great  during  tlie  time  they  occu]>ied  the  northern  country,  and  it  was  only  broken 
1)V  the  fall  of  Qiu-bee. 


48  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

BOUNDAEY  LINE  DISPUTE. 

Almost  from  the  date  of  the  organization  of  Tioga  county  a  dispute  has  existed 
with  Lycoming  regarding  the  boundary  line.  Commission  after  commission  has 
made  surveys  and  attempted  to  settle  the  dispute,  but  at  this  writing  it  seems  no 
Jiearer  solution  than  it  was  ninety  years  ago.  There  is  some  interesting  history  con- 
Jieeted  with  this  matter,  which  is  worthy  of  being  put  on  record.  From  the  report 
of  the  late  Hon.  C.  D.  Eldred,  of  Muncy,  who  served  as  a  member  of  the  last 
•commission,  we  have  obtained  the  following  history  of  the  dispute. 

The  act  of  March  36,  1804,  creating  six  new  counties,  iive  of  which  were  formed 
out  of  territory  taken  from  Lycoming,  is  unusually  explicit  and  mandatory.  It  not 
only  defines  the  boundaries  of  each,  but  gives  no  discretion  to  the  commisssioners 
authorized  by  section  seventh  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor,  to  run  and  mark  the 
lines  of  each,  to  vary  in  the  least,  but  directs  that  they  shall  do  their  appointed  work 
"according  to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  this  act."  Commissioners  were  accord- 
ingly appointed  by  the  governor,  consisting  of  James  Criswell,  a  resident  of  Hunting- 
don, or  Union  county,  who  peremptorily  declined  to  serve;  William  Ellis,  of  Lycom- 
ing county,  and  George  Eoss,  of  Lancaster. 

The  section  authorizing  the  appointment  also  provided  that  any  two  of  the 
■commissioners  should  have  power  to  run  the  lines  aforesaid,  and  as  the  act  fixed  the 
boundaries  of  each  county  by  meter  and  bounds,  the  work  to  be  done  contemplated 
no  ground  for  a  difference  of  opinion  or  need  of  an  umpire.  Consequently  the  task 
'devolved  upon  William  Ellis  and  George  Eoss,  by  the  resignation  of  Criswell,  of  run- 
ning and  marking  the  boundary  lines  between  McKean,  Potter  and  Tioga,  and  the 
mother  county,  Lycoming,  as  three  other  commissioners  were  appointed  to  perform 
«,  like  duty  for  Jefferson,  Clearfield  and  Cambria  counties. 

OKIGIN  OF  THE  TROUBLE. 

As  this  review  of  the  boundary  line  question  relates  mainly  to  the  dispute  now 
'existing  between  Lycoming  and  Tioga  counties,  it  need  only  be  said  that  it  is  pre- 
.Bumed  from  the  reading  of  the  law,  which  seems  to  contemplate  such  action,  that  the 
commissioners  appointed  to  run  the  lines  of  the  three  western  counties,  did  so  in 
.accordance  with  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  act  of  Assembly,  and  that  also 
before  Messrs.  Ellis  and  Eoss  'did  or  could  begin  to  locate  those  of  McKean,  Potter 
;and  Tioga.  Of  the  latter  commission,  so  far  as  it  can  be  traced  or  known,  the  pur- 
pose of  this  chapter  is  to  speak. 

■  The  provincial  habit  of  dividing  lands  pi^rchased  from  the  Indians  into  districts 
for  convenience  in  surveying  and  selling,  continued  to  prevail  under  the  State  govern- 
ment, and  Joseph  J.  Wallis,  who  had  charge  of  the  northwestern  territory — as  it  was 
previous  to  the  last  purchase — which  comprised  a  very  large  district,  died  in  August, 
1795,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son-in-law,  Daniel  Smith,  a  lawyer  of  Sunbury.  He 
only  held  the  office  for  two  or  three  years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Henry  Donnel, 
•also  of  Sunbury. 

After  the  last  purchase  from  the  Indians  and  the  division  of  the  territory  into 
•districts,  William  Ellis  was  assigned  to  the  first  district  and  Daniel  Brodhead  to  the 
.second,  which  included  nearly,  or  perhaps,  all  of  the  territory  afterwards  embraced 


a*^--r»«-««'->-»  icO*'' 


'oto^^ 


XIOGA    COUNTY    OHGAMZED.  49 

in  the  three  eastern  counties  formed  in  ISU-l.  Soon  after  his  assignment,  however, 
Mr.  Brodhead  was  appointed  surveyor  general,  and  he  transferred  to  Ellis  the  vacant 
deputyship  thus  created.  This  occurred  in  Xovember,  1789.  During  the  next  suc- 
ceeding five  years  Mr.  Ellis  had  most  of  the  lands  l}'ing  in  the  first  and  second  dis- 
tricts surveyed,  and  thus  acquired  more  information  respecting  the  topography  of 
the  new  purchase  than  any  other  man  within  the  bounds  of  the  State.  The  informa- 
tion which  fixed  the  limits  of  each  county  must  have  been  derived  from  his  office,  and 
he  was,  therefore,  a  proper  person  to  be  commissioned  to  run  and  mark  the  lines  of 
the  new  counties. 

But,  unfortunately,  Mr.  Ellis  was  at  this  time  in  poor  health.  Much  business 
had  affected  his  mind.  He  executed  his  will  January  14,  1805,  and  after  adding 
/several  codicils  died.  The  will  was  subsequently  .set  aside  on  the  <:round  of  unsound 
mind  when  executed.  It  being  generally  understood  that  he  was  not  a  practical 
surveyor,  it  is  hardly  to  be  presumed  under  the  circumstances  that  he  perscinally 
went  upon  the  ground  and  ran  any  part  of  the  required  lines.  Theru  are  a  number 
of  other  circumstances  which  may  be  f,nven  to  show  that  he  was  never  personally  on 
any  part  of  these  boundary  lines.     Some  of  them  are  as  follows: 

It  was  not  required  that  two  of  the  commissiom-rs  should  he  on  the  <rround  in 
making  this  survey.  The  law  says  any  tim,  but  they  were  f,Mvon  no  iliscrctinii,  and 
<!0uld  have  nothing  to  consult  about.  The  district  surveyors'  return  drafts  of 
land  as  surveyed  by  them  were  the  guides;  am!  yet  it  is  often  found  that  two  such 
drafts,  sworn  to  as  made  on  the  same  day,  are  at  least  loo  miles  apart  and  could  not 
have  I)eeii  made  persoiially  by  the  same  deputy,  besides  this,  it  i.s  a  well  known  fact 
to  all  surveyors,  that  eaeli  deputy  liad  a  number  of  practical  surveyors  working  for 
him,  who  reported  ])eriodically  and  wore  paid  for  work  apjiroved  and  used  and  re- 
turned as  aforesaid.  Therefore,  by  aiialo^'v,  Mr.  V.\\'\»  could,  and  did,  smd  liis  sur- 
veyor or  surveyors  to  run  certain  of  the  county  lines  for  him,  and  did  not  go  on  the 
ground  himself. 

The  commissioners  appointed  to  run  and  mark  the  boundary  lines  of  Jefferson 
county,  having  first  jjorformed  their  duty,  as  already  stated,  Ellis  and  Ross,  or  any 
surveyor  authorized  by  them,  had  a  plain  task  to  perform.  "Beginnin^r  at  the  south- 
east corner  of  Warren  county;  thence  east  along  the  line  of  Jefferson  county  to  the 
northeast  corner  thereof;  thence  south  along  the  line  of  .Icfferson  county,  fifteen 
miles;  thence  east  twenty-two  miles;  thence  north  to  thi'  State  line,"  etc.,  which 
comprised  the  territory  of  ]\IcKean.  This  done,  the  same  or  any  other  surveyor, 
could  run  and  mark  the  lines  of  Potter,  which  are  directed  by  the  law  to  bcpn  "five 
miles  north  of  the  southeast  corner  of  McKcan  county;  thence  east  thirty  miles  to 
Brodhead's  (now  I'.ilis")  district  line;  thence  north  along  said  district  line  to  the 
State  line,"  rtc. 

Tioga  county  remains  to  be  established.  Section  five  of  the  aforesaid  law  di- 
rects: That  so  much  (but  no  more)  of  the  county  of  Lycoming,  included  in  tlie 
following  boundaries,  to  wit:  "Beginning  fire  miles  north  of  the  southeast  corner  of 
number  four  [the  fourth  county  named]  on  Brodhead's  district  line,  on  the  ea.stem 
boundary  of  said  number  four;  thence  due  east  until  it  strikes  the  main  branch  of 
T>vcoming  creek;  thence  up  the  said  creek  to  the  head  thereof,  near  the  Towanda 
4 


50  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Beaver  dams;  thence  to  the  head  of  said  Beaver  dams  or  until  it  intersects  the 
boundary  line  between  Luzerne  and  Lycoming  counties;  thence  a  straight  line  to  the 
eightieth  mile  stone  on  the  State  line,"  etc. 

The  foregoing  provisions  of  the  law  seem  explicit  enough,  and  yet,  through 
accident  or  design,  were  never  complied  with.  The  beginning,  course  and  termina- 
tion of  each  line  being  fixed,  any  surveyor  competent  to  run  a  compass,  could  have 
legally  followed  and  marked  the  lines,  and  it  is  probable  that  certain  portions  of  these 
were  undertaken,  respectively,  by  Ellis  and  Boss.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  distance 
eastward  from  the  Jefferson  line,  which  had  to  be  run,  was  twenty-two  miles;  thence 
north  to  the  State  line,  since  ascertained  to  be  forty  miles;  thence  along  the  south 
line  of  Potter,  thirty  miles,  to  the  district  line;  thence  north  along  the  latter  five 
miles,  aggregating  ninety-seven  miles.  This  part  of  the  work  would  naturally  fall 
to  the  lot  of  George  Boss  to  perform.  Then  following  the  district  line  north  to  the 
State  line,  thirty  miles;  from  same  eastward  to  the  Lycoming  creek,  thirty-five  miles; 
thence  up  the  same  and  to  the  State  line  thirty-three,  aggregating  also  ninety-eight 
miles,  for  Mr.  Ellis,  or  his  surveyor,  at  the  eastern  division. 

VAEIOUS  EFFOETS  TO  ESTABLISH  LINES. 

Now,  if  such  an  allotment  of  duties  was  made  between  William  Ellis  and  George 
Boss,  which  fact  is  inferential  from  others,  then  George  Boss  honestly  performed 
his  part  of  the  contract,  as  a  continuous  line  of  the  right  date  has  been  and  can  still 
be  traced  as  far  as  thirty  miles  eastward  at  the  south  side  of  Potter  county,  and  to  a 
north  and  south  tract  line  (John  Barron,  No.  5534) — perhaps  mistaken  for  the  dis- 
trict line  of  about  the  same  date — a  birch  corner  is  found  at  its  termination,  cor- 
responding in  age  with  the  line  and  with  the  "call"  on  the  ofi&cial  map  returned  to 
Harrisburg  by  George  Boss  and  filed  as  required  by  law.  From  this  birch  corner  a 
surveyed  line  runs  north,  but  whether  made  for  the  county  or  for  a  tract  line,  has 
not  yet  been  determined,  nor  has  it  yet  been  traced  north  beyond  520  perches. 

As  regards  William  Ellis'  work,  which  would  embrace  the  south,  east  and  west 
lines  of  Tioga  county,  it  is  almost  certain  that  whatever  was  done,  must  have  been 
done  by  surveyors  under  his  direction.  Old  vouchers  are  on  file  in  the  prothonotarjr's 
office  at  Williamsport,  showing  payment  by  the  county  of  Lycoming,  to  William 
Benjamin,*  one  of  Mr.  Ellis'  surveyors,  for  money  received  for  running  and  marking 
the  lines  of  Tioga  township  and  county.  And  a  copy  of  an  old  draft  is  in  existence 
in  the  handwriting,  it  is  believed,  of  John  Norris,  at  the  time  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  made  some  time  during  the  third  decade  of  the  present 
century  (or  about  1837),  which  shows  the  termination  of  the  county  line  on  the 
Lycoming  creek,  as  returned  by  George  Boss,  and  thence  up  it  to  the  Beaver  dams 
near  its  source,  delineating  the  same  by  a  red  line  "as  run  by  Joseph  Williams,  by 
direction  of  the  governor,  in  1805."  And  also  showing  where  Joseph  Williams 
"ended  in  1805  running  the  county  line."     Joseph  Williams,  a  pioneer  of  Williams- 

*  In  the  minute  book  of  the  co^nmissioners  of  I,yconiing  county  for  1805,  under  date  of  June  7th,  (order  No. 
56)  this  entry  appears  :  "  William  Benjamin  in  acct.  for  running  the  division  line  of  Tioga  township  and  county 
$30."  Also  in  the  same  book,  under  date  of  July  25, 1805,  (order  No.  87)  is  the  following  charge  :  "  William  Benja- 
min in  full  for  running  the  line  of  Tioga  township  and  county,  $77.39."  This  is  conclusive  evidence  that  he  ran 
the  line,  and  the  total  cost  was  $107.39. 


TIOGA    COUNTY    OKOANIZED.  51 

port,  waa  also  one  of  Mr.  Ellis'  employed  siirveyors,  and  is  referred  to  in  his  will  as 
his  agent  for  selling  lands.  He  would,  therefore,  be  a  most  likely  person  to  be 
deputed  to  run,  at  least,  a  part  of  the  Tioga  county  line.  But  which  of  these  lines 
were  run  by  Benjamin,  and  which  by  Williams?  Tioga  township  was  erected  by  the 
court  of  Lycoming  county  in  1797,  by  dividing  Lycoming  to\vnship.  The  latter  was 
erected  by  decree  of  the  court  of  Xorthumberland  county  in  178.5,  and  extended  from 
the  river  to  the  New  York  State  line,  and  its  southern  end  was  bounded  on  the  east 
and  the  west  by  Lycoming  and  Pine  creeks,  respectively.  Its  territory  was  of  great 
extent  originally.  When  settlements  were  made  in  the  valley  of  the  Tinpi  river,  it  soon 
became  apparent  that  the  township  (Lycomini;)  was  too  large  for  convenience,  and 
a  division  was  made  by  setting  off  Tioga  township,  which  then  comprised  the  terri- 
tority  which  became  the  county  of  Tioga  in  ilareh,  lso4. 

Considering  the  business  operations  of  the  times,  the  extensive  purchase  of  lands 
by  what  was  called  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  the  operations  of  Jlorris  and 
Norris  in  what  is  now  Morris  township,  the  relationship  existing  between  several  of 
the  piiilics  cdiicenicd,  together  with  the  fact  that  William  Ellis  was  made  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Tiopi  county  by  legislative  enactment,  it  may  l)e  reasonably  inferred  that 
William  Benjamin  ran  and  mai  ked  the  western  line,  and  also  that  at  the  east,  extend- 
ing from  the  eightieth  mile-slone  on  the  State  line  southward  to  the  head  of  the 
Beaver  dams,  on  Towanda  cret'k. 

Joseph  Williams,  on  the  other  hand,  had  surveyed,  or  suh-divided,  Mr.  Kllis' 
lands  between  the  iiycoming  and  Pine  creeks,  and  would  lie  presMnii'd  to  know  all 
about  this  section  of  the  county,  and  was,  therefore,  no  doubt,  us-i^qied  to  run  and 
mark  the  south  lino  of  Tioga  county,  and  thence  up  the  I-ycoming  creek,  as  shown 
by  said  old  draft.  If  Benjamin  and  Williams  did  this  work  in  lSfi.">,  during  the  life- 
time of  Mr.  P^llis,  nothing  remained  to  he  done  at  his  (h'ath,  but  the  niakinj,'  of  a  map 
in  conjuction  with  (leorge  Eoss,  to  complete  the  task  assi^'iied  them. 

But  by  a  supplemental  law,  jmssed  April  i:i,  IsiiT.  it  ai)pears  that  "a  small  part 
of  the  duty  rcniained  to  be  performed,"  and  that  (ieorge  Ross  was  authorized  "to  com- 
plete the  running  of  the  boundary  lines  of  the  counties  of  McKcan,  Potter  and  Tioga, 
and  to  return  the  map  or  draft  of  the  lines  of  the  said  counties  to  the  secretary  of  the 
commonwealth."  Said  Koss  was  also  allowed  an  extra  sum  of  seventy-five  cents  for 
every  mile  run,  to  he  accounted  for  to  the  Icjral  representatives  of  William  Kllis,  in 
proportion  to  servicis  rendered  hy  him  in  his  lifetime.  At  what  jioint,  then,  alin^: 
these  200  miles  of  lines  to  be  run  and  marked,  did  this  "small  part"  remain  to  be 
done  in  1807? 

Joseph  Williams  was  engaged  in  surveyin.i:,  dividing  up,  and  selling  ilr.  Ellis' 
lands  between  Lycoming  and  Pine  creeks,  and  the  old  draft  says  he  ran  the  county 
line  along  or  through  those  lands,  but  no  continuous  line  of  that  date  has  yet  I"  i-n 
found  between  BrodheadV  district  and  Lycoming  creek.  There  rests  the  wliole  diffi- 
culty. If  sncli  a  line  ever  was  run,  it  must  be  so  far  out  of  jiosition  as  to  make  it 
void  if  found;  and  if  it  never  was  run,  then  a  fraud  was  practiced  upon  the  commis- 
sion whieli  returned  it  as  comidying  with  the  law. 

It  is  true  that  a  certain  tract  or  land  lino  extending  from  Pine  creek  eastward 
several  miles,  contains  notdied  trees  at  intervals  which  indicate  milo-trec<.  and  after 
n  jog  of  '^onio  rods  another  line  continues  toward  the  Lycoming  creek,  but  neither 


52  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  these  lines  have  a  beginning  at  the  district  line  or  an  ending  at  the  Lycoming, 
creek,  and  one  found  nearly  a  mile  out  of  place,  would  answer  to  no  survey  of  Mr. 
Ellis'  land.  Moreover  the  notched  trees  could  hardly  be  intended  for  mile-trees,  as 
no  intelligent  surveyor  would  denote  the  distance  in  that  way,  for  in  running  thirty- 
five  or  thirty-six  miles  he  would  have  to  cut  the  same  number  of  notches,  and  if  made 
only  six  inches  apart  the  scarred  surface  of  the  tree  would  gradually  extend  from  one 
to  eighteen  feet  high!  The  marks  alluded  to  were,  therefore,  probably  made  for  sub- 
divisions of  Mr.  Ellis'  land  only.  Besides,  an  intermediate  line,  if  intended  for  the 
boundary,  beginning  ten  miles  east  of  the  monument  fixed  by  the  law,  and  one  mile 
south  of  a  direct  east  line  from  such,  and  stopping  five  miles  short  of  the  Lycoming 
creek,  could  hardly  be  called  a  compliance  with  the  "true  intent  and  meaning  of  the 
law,"  and  therefore  a  nullity. 

The  want  of  evidence  that  the  boundary  between  Lycoming  and  Tioga  was 
originally  run,  marked  and  fixed  as  required  by  the  law,  has  been  a  perplexing 
problem  for  surveyors  ever  since  the  year  1805.  Numerous  old  drafts  can  be  found 
differing  from  one  another  as  to  the  location  of  the  county  line,  but  none  defining  its 
position  from  any  given  point.  This  want  of  knowledge  induced  land  owners  in  its 
supposed  vicinity  to  apply  to  the  legislature  for  relief;  and  by  an  act  passed  the  39th 
of  March,  1849,  A.  II.  McHenry  and  John  Pratt,  of  Lycoming,  and  William  Bache, 
of  Tioga,  were  appointed  commissioners  "to  run  and  distinctly  mark  the  boundary 
line  or  lines  between  the  said  counties  of  Lycoming  and  Tioga  agreeably  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  acts  of  Assembly  defining  the  boundaries  of  the  said  counties." 

In  pursuance  of  this  act,  two  of  the  commissioners  named,  did  run  and  mark  a 
line  from  the  thirty-first  mile  tree  on  the  Brodhead  district  line  through,  due  east,  to 
the  Lycoming  creek,  which  line  is  the  only  continuous  one  ever  run  and  marked  that 
can  be  found,  although  it  must  be  admitted  that  its  beginning  at  the  thirty-first  mile- 
tree  is  in  accordance  with  George  Ross'  draft  only,  and  not  with  the  law;  but  then, 
as  the  Potter  line  was  not  at  this  time  extended  to  the  district  line,  as  already  shown, 
how  could  Major  McHenry  and  his  colleague  find  any  other  starting  point,  or  do 
otherwise  than  they  did? 

The  transparent  injustice  of  allowing  two  commissioners  from  Lycoming  to 
adjust  and  determine  a  question  in  which  Tioga  was  equally  interested,  very  properly 
induced  the  legislature  at  its  next  session  to  annul  their  work,  but  continue  the  com- 
mission, with  a  representative  from  each  county  interested,  and  an  umpire  from  a 
third.    The  new  board  never  met  and  the  old  dispute  remained  in  statu  quo. 

After  the  ratification  of  the  New  Constitution  of  1873,  by  an  act  of  the  legislature 
of  April  17,  1876,  the  authority  of  apportioning  commissioners  to  "carefully  ascer- 
tain the  old  line  and  designate  the  same  by  suitable  marks  of  a  permanent  character," 
on  petition,  was  conferred  upon  the  several  cou.rts  of  quarter  sessions  of  the  com- 
monwealth, and  under  this  law,  on  application,  "William  Bache,  of  Tioga;  Henry  H. 
McNett,  of  Lycoming,  and  one  surveyor  from  Bradford,  were  appointed  to  re-run  and 
mark  the  boundary  line  between  Lycoming  and  Tioga. 

It  will  be  seen  that  these  commissioners  were  to  carefully  ascertain  the  old  line, 
but  as  no  line  was  originally  run,  as  designated  by  the  act  of  Assembly,  it  was  impossi- 
ble for  these  men  to  ascertain  what  was  not  in  existence.  They  began  on  a  tract  line, 
about  midway  between  the  district  line  and  the  Lycoming  creek,  significantly  saying 


TIOGA    COrXTY    OBGANIZED.  53 


in  their  report,  that  the  line  westward  was  too  well  known  and  manifest  to  require 
remarking!  Xow  as  to  this,  somebody  was  deceived.  The  line  they  traced  does  not 
extend  but  a  short  distance  farther  westward,  while  there  is  none  at  all  between  Pine 
creek  and  the  district  line.  This  commission  therefore  did  not  perform  a  miracle, 
to  find  and  re-mark  a  line  never  made! 

The  commission  of  1892,  composed  of  Hiram  E.  Bull,  of  Bradford  county; 
Darius  L.  Deane,  of  Tioga,  and  C.  D.  Eldred,  of  Lycoming,  had  all  the  foregoing  com- 
plex problems  to  examine  and  wrestle  with.  Their  first  effort  was  made  to  find  the 
"Birch  comer"  on  the  district  line,  returned  as  made  by  George  Ross.  But  no  "Birch 
comer"  of  1805,  or  later,  except  the  one  made  by  McHenry  and  Spafford  in  1870, 
could  be  found.  These  last  named  gentlemen  were  authorized  by  the  act  of  April  3, 
1869,  "to  re-run  and  revive  and  establish  the  original  county  line  on  the  northern 
boundary  of  Clinton  county,  the  same  being  the  division  line  between  Clinton  and 
Potter  counties." 

The  report  and  draft  of  their  work  cannot  now  be  found  in  either  of  the  afore- 
said counties,  and  one  of  the  commissioners  (Mr.  Spafford) — the  other,  Mr.  McHenry, 
being  dead — in  a  letter  on  file  with  Messrs.  Bull  and  Deane's  report,  alleges  that  his 
notes  of  the  survey  were  burned  up  with  his  l)uil(]iiif,',  but  that  his  recollection  is  that 
in  marking  the  survey,  the  old  line  was  found  and  followed  to  the  waters  of  Young- 
woman's  creek,  after  which  it  apparently  disappeared.  This  letter  corroborates  the 
allegation  that  the  surveyor,  whoever  he  w  as,  believed  he  had  arrived  at  the  division 
line  in  running  the  south  line  of  Potter,  and  made  a  birch  corner  on  a  tract  line, 
by  mistake,  three  miles  and  223.7  perches,  by  official  survey,  short  of  the  proper 
monument.  The  members  of  the  last  commission,  therefore,  had  no  trouble,  as 
already  stated,  to  find  McHenry  and  Spafford's  "Birch  corner"  on  the  district  line, 
but  oould  discover  no  older  marks  on  or  near  their  line. 

There  is,  it  is  true,  a  birch  mile-tree,  the  thirty-fifth,  on  the  said  district  line, 
which  possibly  might  have  been  taken  by  Joseph  Williams  for  the  one  made  by  mis- 
take over  three  miles  westward:  but  if  so,  his  line  running  east  at  a  point  five  miles 
north  of  it  would  make  the  line  run  by  him  as  much  too  far  north,  as  the  partial  line 
commonly  reputed  as  the  county  line,  is  found  too  far  south.  It  is,  therefore,  plain 
that  Joseph  Williams,  or  any  other  surveyor  sent  by  William  Ellis  or  tieorge  Ross, 
to  run  and  mark  the  south  line  of  Tioga  county,  could  not  begin  at  the  southeast 
comer  of  Potter  county  on  Brodhead's  district  line  and  run  along  it  north  five  miles, 
as  the  law  required,  before  running  due  east  to  the  Lycoming  creek,  as  no  such  corner 
was  yet  established;  but  he  could  and  should  have  gone  to  some  point  on  the  south 
line  of  Potter  county  and  traced  that  line  to  the  "Birch  corner."  Tlie  mistake  being 
found,  a  line  north  from  the  birch  five  miles  and  then  due  east,  would  reach  the  dis- 
trict line  at  precisely  the  same  point  that  a  line  north  would  have  done,  had  the  south 
line  been  extended  and  the  birch  made  on  the  district  line,  as  called  for  in  George 
Ross'  draft.  Therefore  the  error  was  not  material,  as  the  law,  and  not  the  draft,  fixed 
the  southeast  corner  of  number  four. 

Another  problem  remains  to  be  solved  on  the  east  boundary  of  Tioga.  The  law 
creating  the  county  directs  a  due  east  course  to  be  run  from  the  point  fixed  on  the 
district  line  "imtil  it  strikes  the  main  branch  of  Lycoininp  creek — thence  up  the  said 
creek  to  the  head  thereof,  near  the  Towanda  beaver  dam>^."  etc.     Does  the  word 


54  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


"strike/'  mean  to  a  point  at  the  middle  of  the  stream,  and  "up,"  the  center  of  the 
channel?  Messrs.  Eoss  and  Ellis  did  not  so  construe  the  law,  as  they  followed  the 
tracts  of  land  lines  (crossing  and  re-crossing  the  creek  many  times)  as  shown  by  their 
report  and  draft  filed;  but  the  inhabitants  along  the  valley  seem  always  to  have  un- 
derstood the  middle  of  the  creek  to  be  the  line  and  boimdary. 

The  line  as  returned  is  certainly  the  most  permanent,  as  it  can  always  be  traced 
with  some  degree  of  accuracy;  whereas  the  channel  of  a  creek  undergoes  constant 
and  inevitable  changes  naturally,  and  may  be  diverted  artificially  without  limit.  It 
is  well  known  that  the  construction  of  the  JN'orthern  Central  railroad  did  change  it 
materially  in  one  location,  and  that  floods  have  done  the  same  thing  in  other  sections, 
to  say  nothing  of  private  operations  generally.  Hence,  if  the  middle  of  the  channel 
is  the  true  line,  then  does  this  shuffle-board  carry  to  and  fro  the  county  line,  or  was  it 
the  line  only  where  the  creek  ran  in  1805?  If  the  latter,  how  can  it  be  established 
now,  after  such  a  lapse  of  time  and  so  many  changes  in  the  channel?  Moreover, 
the  present  established  corner  of  Lycoming,  Tioga  and  Bradford  counties,  is  not 
at  the  head  nor  on  the  bank  of  the  Lycoming  creek,  but  is  on,  or  nearly  on,  the 
line  surveyed  by  Joseph  Williams  in  1805,  and  returned  by  George  Eoss  to  the 
land  ofiice  in  1809. 

In  conclusion,  it  is  but  fair  to  say  that  Joseph  Williams  about  this  year  (1805) 
succeeded  in  selling  some  of  Mr.  Ellis'  lands  on  or  near  the  reputed  county  line, 
at  Texas  and  the  Block  House,  and  that  the  new  settlers,  in  the  absence  of  any 
other,  adopted  this  intermediate  and  broken  line  as  the  actual  county  line  and 
the  people  have  so  regarded  it  up  to  the  present. 

A     TANGLE     OF     PERPLEXING     QUESTIONS. 

Therefore,  taking  into  consideration  all  the  foregoing  facts  and  circum- 
stances, as  they  were  found  to  exist  by  the  last  commission,  or  can  be  now  es- 
tablished, there  seems  to  be  a  plain  case  for  a  judicial  construction  of  the  several 
questions  involved: 

First.  No  corner  being  established  on  Brodhead's  district  line,  and  hence 
no  point  at  five  miles  north  of  it  fixed  and  marked,  from  which  a  line  due  east 
is  found  or  was  run  to  the  Lycoming  creek  as  required  by  the  law,  are  the  direc- 
tions of  the  act  still  in  force,  and  is  the  original  line  to  be  run  and  marked  as 
the  prescribed  one  established  by  the  legislature? 

Second.  What  effect,  if  any,  has  the  draft  required  to  be  made  by  George 
Eoss  and  filed  at  Harrisburg  in  1809,  which  agrees  exactly  with  the  law,  but  has 
no  water  courses,  or  other  monuments,  marked  thereon  to  designate  or  show  hia 
work;  or  does  it  signify  that  a  line  was  run,  but  not  properly  marked  according  to 
the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  act  of  Assembly? 

Third.  No  continuous  line  having  been  found  as  run  in  accordance  with  the 
law  and  draft  referred  to,  but  an  immediate  line  between  Pine  creek  and  the 
Eoaring  Branch  of  Lycoming  creek,  out  of  position  and  more  than  half  of  it  well- 
known  land  lines,  and  broken  in  character,  but  heretofore"  recognized,  and  by 
tradition,  as  the  reputed  county  line;  can  the  mistake  of  the  settlers  on  or 
near  it,  or  the  ofiicial  acts  of  the  township  or  county  officer,  nullify  the  provisions 
of  the  law  and  thus  change  by  prescription  the  boundaries  of  counties? 


TIOGA    COUXTY    OKGAXIZED.  00 

Fourth.  If  tradition  and  prescription  can  supercede  a  law,  will  it  avail  to 
extend  the  line,  where  none  is  now  found,  from  Fine  creek  west  to  the  district 
line,  a  distance  of  some  ten  miles;  and  eastward  from  the  Eoaring  Branch  to 
Lycoming  creek,  say  four  miles,  or  only  as  far  as  the  line  eastward? 

Fifth.  Would  such  a  decision  attach  that  portion  of  Potter  county  east  of  the 
old  hirch  made  by  mistake  on  the  west  line  of  John  Barron,  Xo.  5. 524,  to  Clinton 
county,  and  affirm  the  survey  up  Lycoming  creek  along  the  land  Lines  as  aforesaid 
(and  not  in  the  middle  of  the  channel)  as  made  by  Joseph  Williams  in  1805  and 
returned  as  the  county  line  by  George  Ross  in  ISOli? 

These  seem  to  be  complex,  but  important  questions,  and  must  be  settled  by 
judicial  or  legislative  authority,  unless  future  developments  should  serve  to  cut 
the  gordian  knot. 

Messrs.  Bull  and  Deane,  however,  disagree  with  Mr.  Eldred.  They  filed  a 
separate  and  elaborate  report,  containing  maps  and  drafts,  showin;:  the  lines  that 
have  been  run,  and  took  the  jxtsitioii  that  the  rutc)).'iii/.eil  line  sliould  be  accepted. 
If  the  proposed  new  line  were  a(cci)t('d  it  would  take  quite  a  slice  of  territory 
from  Tioga.  This,  it  is  claimed,  would  not  only  be  a  hardshiji,  but  would  disar- 
range titles  and  cause  more  or  less  trouble.  If  the  traditional  line  were  accepted 
by  a  decree  of  the  courts  the  dispute  would  be  forever  ended. 

THE    LATEST    COMMISSION. 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written,  a  new  commission  has  been  appointed  by 
the  courts  and  boards  of  county  commissioners  of  T\o<xi\  and  Lyeoming  counties, 
under  authority  of  an  act  of  assembly,  approved  May  'i'-i,  ls;).->.  This  eommission 
consists  of  1).  L.  Deane,  of  Weljsboro,  Tiopi  county,  and  Tliram  K.  Bull,  of  To- 
wanda,  Bradford  county,  appointed  by  the  court  and  board  of  commissioners  of 
Tioga  county;  and  E.  J.  Eldred,  of  Willianisport,  Lyeoming  county,  and  J.  M. 
Boyer,  of  Selinsgrove,  Snyder  county,  appointed  by  the  court  and  board  of  com- 
missioners of  Lycoming  county.  These  four  met  in  Williamsport.  September  18, 
189(i,  and  selected  John  Jlorgan,  of  Ridgeway,  Elk  county,  for  the  fifth  member. 
J.  M.  Boyer  was  elected  president  and  Hiram  i:.  Bull  secretary.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
this  eommission  will  settle  the  dispute,  and  that  their  labors  will  result  in  a  satisfac- 
tory and  final  settlement  of  this  century-old  and  perplexing  boundary  line  trouble. 


CHAPTEE  Y. 

THE    PIONEEES. 

First  White  Men— Samuel  Bakee  Locates  at  La wrenceville— Other  Early 
Settlers  There— First  Settlers  Along  the  Cowanesque  River— Pioneers 
OF  the  Tioga  Valley— Early  Settlers  in  other  Parts  op  the  County- 
Hardships  AND  Privations  ■  Endured- The  Pine  Creek  Land  Company- 
Morris'  Great  Trust— Trouble  in  the  Land  Company— Norris  and  B  abb- 
Horrors  OF  THE  WlLDB»NBSS— TAXABLES  OF  1812. 


PREVIOUS  to  the  treaty  of  Port  Stanwix,  in  1784,  the  only  white  men  to  find 
their  way  within  the  present  limits  of  Tioga  county,  were  French  explorers, 
Jesuit  and  Moravian  missionaries,  Indian  scouts  and  hunters,  and  prisoners  con- 
ducted by  the  Indians  over  their  paths  or  trails  from  the  settlements  in  Penn- 
sylvania to  below  Fort  Niagara,  in  New  York.  Then  followed  the  commissioners 
to  survey  the  boundary  between  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  who,  in  1786,  brushed 
out  or  cut  a  roadway,  over  which  settlers  afterwards  found  their  way  into  Tioga 
county,  along  the  northern  line  of  which  it  ran. 

To  Samuel  Baker,  however,  belongs  the  honor  of  being  the  first  white  man  to 
settle  within  the  limits  of  the  county,  and  to  rear  for  himself  and  family  a  house 
in  the  midst  of  the  unbroken  wilderness.  In  the  spring  of  1787  he  built  a  cabin 
and  commenced  a  clearing  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga  river,  almost  directly  east 
of  the  present  residence  of  Charles  Beebe,  in  Lawrenceville.  His  cabin  stood  near 
a  large  oak  on  the  lands  of  Mrs.  Damon.  At  that  time  Samuel  Harris,  his  nearest 
neighbor,  was  located  at  Painted  Post,  in  the  capacity  of  an  Indian  trader.  Baker 
raised  some  corn  during  the  summer  and  managed  to  put  in  the  time.  On  Christmas 
day,  1787,  he  started  down  the  river  to  Tioga  Point,  on  the  ice,  leaving  his  cabin 
in  charge  of  Capt.  Amos  Stone,  who  had  been  a  prominent  actor  in  Shay's  rebellion, 
in  Massachusetts,  in  the  spring  of  1787,  and  who  had  Joined  him  in  the  summer  of 
that  year.  After  enduring  many  hardships,  Mr.  Baker  succeeded  in  bringing  his 
family,  up  the  river  in  the  spring  of  1788,  his  father-in-law,  Eichard  Daniels,  a 
native  of  Albany,  New  York,  and  his  wife,  accompanying  them  and  locating  on  an 
adjoining  farm.  William  Barney,  who  came  from  the  "North  River,"  soon  after- 
ward joined  the  little  settlement.  Another  settler  here  was  "William  Holden,  who 
came  from  near  Albany,  when  a  mere  boy,  so  it  has  been  stated,  and  accompanied 
the  party  that  surveyed  the  State  line.  As  his  age  is  given  at  twenty-eight  years 
in  the  taxables  of  1800,  he  was  only  fourteen  years  old  when  this  survey  was  made, 
and  it  is  not  likely  that  he  would  settle  by  himself  in  the  wilderness.  It  is  more 
than  probable  that  he  came  about  the  same  time  as  Richard  Daniels. 


THE    PI0XEEE8.  57 


In  the  spring  of  1793,  when  the  Williamson  road  reached  the  State  line, 
Captain  Williamson,  finding  Baker  and  the  other  settlers  much  disturbed  over  the 
uncertainty  of  their  titles  to  the  land  upon  which  they  had  settled,  offered  them 
land  with  perfect  titles  in  Pleasant  Valley,  near  Lake  Keuka,  Steuben  county,  Xew 
York.  The  offer  was  accepted  by  all  of  the  settlers,  except  William  Holden.  and 
they  removed  to  their  new  location  in  the  spring  of  1794.  Here,  in  time.  Baker 
became  a  prominent  man,  was  elected  an  associate  judge,  and  died  in  1S42,  at  the 
age  of  eighty  years.  William  Holden  remained  at  Lawrenceville  until  about  1795, 
when  he  sold  his  possessions  to  Uriah  Spencer,  removed  up  the  Cowanesque  valley, 
and  became  the  first  settler  at  the  mouth  of  Holden  brook,  on  the  site  of  Ostcula. 

The  first  white  settler  in  the  Cowanesque  valley  west  of  Lawrenceville  was 
Reuben  Cook,  who  in  May,  1792  or  1793,  orccttd  a  cabin  on  a  little  flat  north  of 
the  present  residence  of  Harris  T.  Ryon,  in  Xelson  borough.  James  Strawbridge, 
who  made  a  clearing  and  temporary  settlement  at  the  mouth  of  Yarnall  brook,  at 
Academy  Corners,  Deerfield  township,  is  thouglit  by  some  to  have  preceded  Reuben 
Cook,  and  to  have  settled  as  early  as  178.").  Other  early  settlers  in  the  valley  before 
1800  were  Dorman  Bloss,  a  millwright,  who  located  at  Xelson;  John  AUiii^rton, 
Abner,  (Iharles  and  Kzekiel  [Jlanchard  and  Amasa  Culver,  who  si-ttk-d  in  what  after- 
wards became  Nelson  township;  Daniel  Holiday,  who  sittled  below  Elkland; 
Cooper  Cady,  Caleh  Griggs,  Daniel  Pliillips,  Titus  Sesse,  and  l>rael  Bulkley.  who 
settled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Osceola;  l-^bciu'zcr  Si'i^iye,  who  settled  at  Academy 
Corners;  William  Knox,  who  settled  on  the  site  of  Kno.xville,  and  Jonathan  Bonney, 
an  early  physician,  who  afterwards  settled  permanently  in  I'.r<ioktiilcl  township. 

The  first  settler  in  the  Tioga  valley,  above  Lawrenciville,  was  Jesse  Losey.  The- 
other  settlers  in  the  valley,  whose  names  appear  in  the  census  of  1800 — given  in 
a  preceding  chapter— were  Isaac  and  Rufus  Adams,  who  located  at  Lawrenceville; 
Thomas  Berry,  who  settled  at  the  southern  end  of  what  is  now  Tioga  borough; 
Ilopestill  Beecher,  who  located  temporarily  at  Tioga,  and  afterwards  settled  at 
Beecher's  Island;  Aaron  Gillet,  who  located  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  in  Tioga 
township,  and  afterwards  removed  to  Cherry  Flats;  Josiah  Ilovi  y,  who  settled  and 
kept  an  inn  near  the  Richmond  township  line,  above  Canoe  Caiii]).  (his  two  sons, 
Simeon  and  Gurdon,  also  settled  with  him);  Uhadiah  Iii-tiio,  who  settled  almve 
Lawrenceville;  John  Ives.  Sr.,  John  Ives,  Jr.,  and  Benajah,  Timothy,  Titus,  llmja- 
niin  and  Ambrose  Ives,  who  settled  in  and  about  Tioira  borough;  James  Jennings, 
Jacob  Kiphart,  and  Stcjihen  Losey,  who  located  at  Tioj:a:  Gad  Lamli,  who  settk-d 
at  Lamb's  Creek;  Elisha  Jfarvin,  who  settled  near  the  site  of  Mansfield;  Richard, 
Thomas  and  Robert  Mitchell,  who  located  at  Mitchell's  Creek;  Nathan  Niles,  Sr., 
who  settled  below  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  in  Tioga  township:  and  Uriah  S^iiciinr, 
who  bought  out  William  Holden,  at  Lawrenceville,  and  who  afterwards  removed 
to  Tioga,  where  he  became  a  prominent  and  leading  citizen.  The  Cady  and  Wilson 
families,  of  Lawrence,  are  also  given  in  that  assessment. 

Although  the  name  of  Dr.  William  Willard  does  not  appear  on  the  assessment 
list  of  1800,  he  is  credited,  by  those  familiar  with  the  early  history  of  the  county, 
with  locating  at  Tioga,  in  1798,  soon  after  which  the  place  litcame  known  as  Wil- 
lardsburg.  Benjamin  Corey,  who  sittled  on  the  site  of  Mansfield  in  1797,  is  iiut 
mentioned  cither. 


58  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COTTNTY. 

Another  early  settlement  was  made  as  early  as  1793,  at  Millerton,  in  Jackson 
township,  by  Garret  Miller  and  his  family.  John  Newell,  a  pioneer  settler  at  ISTew- 
elltown,  in  Union  township,  was  here  before  1800,  and  also  Elisha  "White,  who  settled 
at  Holidaytown,  Middlebnry  township.  Other  names  appear  on  the  assessment  list 
of  that  year,  but  as  they  were,  for  the  most  part,  those  of  persons  who  made  but 
a  temporary  stay,  it  is  not  possible  at  this  late  day  to  determine  just  where  they 
made  locations. 

During  the  year  1800,  and  within  the  next  succeeding  five  years,  there  was 
a  marked  increase  in  the  number  of  settlers,  the  more  prominent  new  comers  being 
Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  and  family,  who  settled  on  the  site  of  Wellsboro  in  1800; 
Aaron  Bloss,  who  first  located  near  Covington  in  1801,  and  in  1803  became  the 
founder  of  Blossburg;  William  Hill  Wells,  who  settled  southwest  of  Wellsboro  in 
1803;  Samson  Babb,  who  settled  on  Babb's  creek,  in  Morris  township;  Eobert  Steele, 
who  settled  on  the  site  of  Ansonia,  in  Shippen  township;  and  Aaron  and  William 
Furman,  who  settled  at  Furmantown,  in  Gaines  township. 

Fuller  details  concerning  the  foregoing  named  pioneers,  as  well  as  of  the  settle- 
ment and  development  of  the  various  sections  of  the  county,  will  be  found  in  the 
chapters  devoted  to  the  different  townships  and  boroughs.  Nearly  all  of  these  early 
pioneers  endured  great  suffering  and  privation.  Ebenezer  Seelye,  whose  father  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  Cowanesque  valley,  contributed,  in  1867,  to  the 
AVellsboro  Agitator  the  following  account  of  how  they  lived  after  their  arrival: 

My  father  erected  a  cabin  of  bark  set  against  a  large  pine  log,  and  lived  in  it  for  a. 
year  and  a  half.  He  then  built  a  log  house.  In  this  he  lived  the  first  winter  without  a 
floor,  there  being  no  saw  mill  nearer  than  Painted  Post.  For  a  grist  mill  we  used  a 
stump  hollowed  out  by  fire  for  a  mortar,  and  a  spring  pestle.  In  this  we  pounded  our 
samp  for  bread  and  pudding-  timber  for  two  years.  After  a  while  several  of  the  settlers 
•clubbed  together  and  purchased  a  pair  of  millstones  about  two  feet  in  diameter,  which 
we  turned  by  hand.  At  first  we  could  only  raise  corn.  Wheat  blasted,  rusted,  and  would 
not  mature.  This  state  of  things  lasted  seven  or  eight  years,  when  wheat,  rye  and  oats 
began  to  be  raised.  The  family  dressed  chiefly  in  deer  skins,  and  I  was  ten  years  old 
before  I  had  a  pair  of  shoes. 

THE    PINE    CEEEK    LAND    COMPANY. 

From  a  "Declaration  of  Trust,"  recorded  in  Lycoming  county  (Deed  Book  E, 
p.  545),  we  are  enabled  to  get  at  the  primary  causes  which  led  to  the  founding  and 
settlement  of  Wellsboro.  From  this  instrument  it  appears  that  on  September  31, 
1796,  Josiah  Hewes,  Meiers  Fisher,  and  James  Wilson,  in  consideration  of  five 
shillings,  per  acre,  or  £14,715,  did  by  "indenture  tripartite"  convey  unto  "George 
Eddy  and  Moore  Wharton,  as  tenants  in  common  and  not  as  joint  tenants,"  seventy- 
five  tracts  of  land  sittiated  in  Lycoming  county,  which  had  been  warranted  to  Hewes 
and  Fisher,  August  10,  1793,  making  in  the  aggregate  73,575^  acres.  These  war- 
rants, which  were  supposed  to  cover  about  1,000  acres  each,  are  all  numbered  in 
the  declaration.  In  this  great  sale  it  appears  that  Mr.  Wilson  was  the  owner  of 
6,594  acres,  or  six  tracts,  warrants  for  which  had  been  issued  to  him,  February  3, 
1794.  These  tracts,  added  to  those  of  Hewes  and  Fisher,  made  an  aggregate  of 
80,569^  acres. 


THE    PIONEERS.  59 


It  is  unnecessary  in  this  connection  to  note  all  the  sales  and  transfers  which  took 
place  between  the  different  parties  referred  to  in  the  declaration,  but  suffice  it  to 
say  that  in  view  of  the  interest  of  one  Joseph  Thomas,  Edward  Tilghman,  grantee  of 
said  Thomas,  and  trustee  for  Edward  Shippen  and  William  Graham,  thirteen  tracts 
were  excepted  in  the  general  plot,  together  with  the  fraction  of  another,  the  whole 
making  14,001^  acres. 

Othei:  transfers  then  occurred,  when  it  appears  that  Gideon  Hill  Wells  and 
Richard  Hill  Morris  were  made  "tenants  in  common  and  not  joint  tenants,"  in 
certain  lands  which  are  all  referred  to  in  the  Declaration.  Richard  Parker  was 
also  interested  in  certain  tracts. 

Then,  under  date  of  July  22,  1799,  it  appears  that  Moore  Wharton,  Thomas 
Qreeves,  Gideon  Hill  Wells,  Richard  Hill  Morris,  and  William  Parker,  of  Phila- 
delphia, conveyed  each  of  their  interests  to  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  by 
which  transfer,  in  tlie  language  of  the  Declaration,  "he  became  seized  in  his 
desmense  as  of  fee  in  the  said  great  tract  of  land  so  as  aforesaid  to  them  severally 
conveyed  in  and  by  the  said  80,569^  acres  and  allowances — except  the  said  14,001^ 
acres  and  allowances  so  as  aforesaid  conveyed  to  the  said  Edward  Tilghman." 

morris'  great  trust. 

The  foregoing  preliminaries  having  been  settled,  the  "Declaration"  then  con- 
tinues in  these  words: 

Now,  therefore,  this  indenture  witnesseth  and  all  the  said  parties  hereto,  do  hereby 
confess,  acknowledge  niul  declare  that  the  said  llcnjamin  W.  Morris  do  and  shall,  stands 
seized  and  possessed  of  the  premises  aforesaid  to  and  for  the  use  and  Iienefit  of  all  the 
parties  to  this  indenturo  aeeording  to  their  several  proportions  of  and  in  the  same  in 
trust  to  and  for  the  uses,  interests  and  purposes,  and  under  the  conditions,  etc.,  that  is 
to  say,  upon  this  trust  and  eontldence  that  lie,  the  said  licnjamin  W.  Morris,  do  and  shall 
grant,  bargain,  sell,  convoy  and  assure  to  any  person,  or  persons,  actual  settlers  or  others, 
all  or  any  part  of  the  said  land  for  the  best  prices  that  can  be  procured  for  tlie  same,  and 
receive  the  consideration,  monies  or  security  for  the  same  and  pay  the  monies  arising 
therefrom  to  all  the  parties  to  this  indenture  of  the  first  part,  according  to  their  respec- 
tive interests  therein,  and  do  and  shall  reconvey  and  assure  to  the  said  parties  so  much 
of  the  said  land  as  shall  be  undisposed  of  at  the  expiration  of  five  years  from  the  date 
hereof. 

And  that  he,  the  said  Benjamin  W.  Morris,  do  and  shall  pay  all  necessary  sums  of 
money  for  the  improvement  and  settlement  of  the  said  lands;  and  if  any  of  the  parties 
to  this  indenture  of  the  first  part  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  pay  any  sum  of  money  agreed 
to  be  raised  by  a  majority  of  votes,  allowing  500  acres  to  a  vote,  then  a  proportion  of  the 
land  of  such  defaulter  may  lie  taken  by  any  other  of  the  parties  at  $1.00  per  acre,  provided 
they  think  proper  to  malie  the  advauees  due  from  such  defaulter,  allowing  such  defaulter 
twelve  months'  notice  previous  to  any  of  their  lands  being  alienated  as  aforesaid;  and 
in  case  any  advanees  made  by  the  said  Benjamin  \V.  Morris  shall  be  refunded  after  notice 
as  aforesaid,  and  within  twelve  months,  interest  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  upon  the  same. 

And  the  said  Benjamin  \V.  Morris  for  himself  and  his  heirs  doth  hereby  covenant, 
promise  and  agree  to  and  with  the  said  Moore  Wharton.  Thomas  Gree\es,  Gideon  Hill 
'Wells,  Richard  Hill  Morris,  and  William  Parker,  their  heirs,  etc.,  that  the  said  Benjamin 
W.  Morris  shall  and  will  in  all  things  relating  to  the  trust  in  him  confided,  abide  the 
written  directions  of  a  majority  of  the  parties  to  this  indenture,  their  votes  to  lie  a.scer- 
tained  as  aforesaid,  and  shall  and  will  in  all  things  well  and  truly  cNecute  and  perform. 


60  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

fulfill  and  abide  by  all  and  singular  the  trusts  and  confidences  aforesaid  according  to  the 
true  intent  and  meaning  thereof,  and  that  he  shall  not  wilfully  or  knowingly  do  or  sufEer 
to  be  done  any  act  whereby  the  premises  or  any  part  thereof  may  or  can  be  evicted,  in- 
cumbered or  charged  on  the  title  thereof,  impeached,  or  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of 
these  presents  be  defeated. 

This  instrument  was  duly  acknowledged,  July  26,  1799,  before  John  D.  Cox, 
president  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the  First  district  of  Philadelphia,  and 
was  duly  recorded  at  Williamsport.  This  great  business  transaction,  or  trust,  con- 
stituted what  is  vaguely  known  in  history  as  "The  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,"  and 
out  of  its  operations  were  developed  many  important  land  transactions  and  im- 
provements, which  finally  culminated  in  the  organization  of  Tioga  county  and 
the  founding  of  'WeUsboro.  This  immense  body  of  land  laid  in  what  is  now  the 
northwestern  part  of  Lycoming,  and  the  southwestern  part  of  Tioga  county.  It 
covered  what  are  now  Morris  and  Delmar  townships,  and  the  name  of  the  man  in 
whom  the  great  trust  was  confided,  nearly  100  years  ago,  is  perpetuated  by  a  town- 
ship and  a  village. 

TROUBLE  IN  THE  LAND  COMPANY. 

It  appears  that  some  twelve  or  fourteen  years  before  the  death  of  Benjamin 
Wistar  Morris,  trouble  arose  among  the  members  of  the  land  company  and  several 
failures  occurred.  By  referring  to  Deed  Book  F,  p.  343,  Lycoming  county,  an 
article  of  agreement  will  be  found,  which  was  made  April  11,  1811,  between  Samuel 
"Wells  Morris,  "William  Wain,  Alexander  Henry,  Robert  Frazier,  and  Samuel  Pan- 
coast,  assignees  of  Thomas  Greeves,  and  John  Dorsey  and  Archibald  McCall,  as- 
signees of  Gideon  Hill  "Wells,  of  Trenton,  which  sets  forth  "that  whereas  Samuel 
"Wells  Morris  is  lawfully  seized  and  entitled  to  36,784  acres  of  land,  "William  "Wain 
13,284,  and  Alexander  Henry,  Eobert  Frazier,  and  Samuel  Pancoast,  assignees 
of  Thomas  Greeves,  of  15,000  acres,  and  John  Dorsey  and  Archibald  McCall,  as- 
signees of  Gideon  Hill  Wells,  of  2,500  acres;"  the  assignees  "appoint  John  P. 
DeGruchy  and  William  Cox  Ellis,  to  view,  examine  and  survey  66,568  acres  and 
divide  the  same  in  proportion"  among  the  parties;  and  to  "lay  o£E  36,784  acres  tO' 
the  use  of  Samuel  Wells  Morris."  ^ 

The  viewers  made  the  division  as  per  request  of  the  assignees,  and  their  work 
appears  in  the  form  of  an  elaborate  table,  which  is  recorded  in  connection  with  the 
"article  of  agreement"  spoken  of.  As  a  tabular  statement,  it  is  interesting 
in  that  it  gives  a  clear  insight  into  the  relative  ownership  of  this  great  body  of 
land  eighty-six  years  ago.     It  is  as  follows: 


THE    PIONEEES. 


61 


LANDS  OF  THE  PINE  CREEK  COMPANY. 

1 
i 

John  Dorsey 
Alex.  Henry,  Robt. ;  |    and  Archi- 

Frazier  and  Sam- 

bald  Mc- 

Samuel  W.  Morris. 

William  Wain. 

uel  Pancoast,  as-. 

Call,    as- 

signees of  Thos. 

signees    of 

Greeves.                1!    Gideon   H. 

Wells. 

No. 

Acres. 

No. 

Aa-es. 

No. 

Acres. 
760 

No. 
1624 

Acres.  \\   No.    Acres. 

i  of  1684 

496 

1604 

906 

Part  1646 

953 

1626 

990 

1686 

990 

1606 

990 

1647 

990 

1616 

963 

1643 

990 

1686 

990 

1606 

990 

1640 

990 

1614 

960 

1626 

290 

Part  1587 
1688 

940 
990 

1661 
1607 

910 
990 

1669 
1648 

990 
990 

1618 
1623 

07fi 

990                    2,270 

Part  1689 

660 

1608 

990 

Part  1627 

520 

1622 

990 

1690 

990 

1616 

990 

i  1620 

495 

Part  1626 

700 

1691 

990 

1617 

990 

1619 

990 

Part  1642 

785 

1692 

990 

1629 

990 

1612 

990     Part  1645 

7K,-, 

1698 

990 

1630 

:i!.o            1611 

990  ll            1644            IMIO 

1694 

990 

1681 

990 

1610 

;i;*o           1666         906  ;i 

Part  1595 

490 

1688 

990 

1609 

990  \\           1669 

990    i 

1697 

990 

1649 

990 

1618 

900  i;           1664 

990  : 

1598 

990 

1650 

990 

Part  1639 

400     Part  1627 

•2'.iO 

1600 

990 

1657 

990 

!           1621 

990    '            i 

1601 

990 

1668 

ii'.lO 

12,076           i  1620 

4',l.j 

1602 

990 

Part  1628 

8: 10 

1608 

983 

Part  1689 

690 

':               i3,rto'.» 

Part  1627 

40 

16,428 

17,166 
16,428 

' 

;i3.5f<3 

I 

Recapitulation. 

Clamiinl    'W     Mnri-U                                             .                 83,588 

William  Wain 12,075 

Alexander  Henry  eJ  oi., 

John  Dorsej' f<  at , 

i.j.ijoy 
•J.1'70 

7 

61. .-j^ 

Quantity  laid  off  to  the  respective  piuiiriotors: 

No.  1590,  mill  tract,  reserved  by  order  of  William  Wain,  the  division  of  which  is  to 

be  determined  by  the  respective  proprietors, 990 

Grants  by  the  company  as  follows  to  B.  W.  Morris 990 

Ciiiiiits  by  tlio  company  as  follows: 

Tfi     II       \V       Mnrris                                       990 

Grants  by  B.  \V.  Morris  as  agent  of  the  company  allowed: 

To  ditto,  which  he  purchased  at  $t  per  ;uro;    but  is  not  yet  paid:    when  it  is,  it  is 

to  be  divided  among  the  proprietors  in  proportion  to  the  respective  interests,          130 

To  James  Ynrnall,  Moniocai  .M.  Jackson,  Christian  Zimmerman,  Samuel  W.  Mor- 

ris, and  James  Diggins,  each  fiftj 

'  acres, 

230 

Total  acr< 

•a, 

2,800 

62  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Quantity  claimed  by  the  respective  proprietors: 

S.  W.   Morris 36,784 

William  Wain 13,384 

Alexander  Henry  and  others, 15,000 

John  Dorsey  and  others 2,500 

Total  quantity  by  patents, 67,568 

In  661/2  tracts 65,343 

Deficiency,    3,335 

Following  the  above  tabular  statement  is  a  long  report  from  the  referees 
(Deed  Book  M,  p.  256,  Williamsport),  in  which  they  minutely  describe  the  work  of 
division  of  the  land  among  the  respective  claimants,  and  then  conclude  as  follows: 

We  hereby  further  declare,  that  after  mature  consideration,  we  have  not  thought  it 
for  the  general  interest  of  the  concerned  to  allot  the  tract  commonly  called  the  "mill 
tract,  No.  1596,"  as  on  this  tract — containing  990  acres — a  grist  and  saw  mill,  a  dwelling 
house  and  other  buildings,  were  erected  by  the  company  [Pine  Creek  Land  Company]  at 
a  considerable  expense,  and  which,  had  the  settlement  progressed,  would  no  doubt  have 
been  of  great  utility  to  the  use  of  the  settlement;  those  advantages  and  the  value  of  the 
buildings  are  much  depreciated.  Now,  therefore,  agreeably  to  instructions  given  to  us 
to  afBx  a  value  on  the  said  buildings  and  tract,  after  taking  into  consideration  the  present 
unfavorable  situation  of  the  settlement,  and  the  consequent  depreciation  of  property, 
such  as  this — which  became  perishable — when  there  is  no  longer  any  person  residing  on 
it ;  and  as  we  are  informed  that  the  premises  are  likely  to  be  soon  deserted,  we  cannot, 
under  all  these  considerations,  place  a  value  on  them  of  more  than  $2,500,  which  we  are 
well  aware  is  not  half  the  sum  they  would  have  sold  for  had  the  affairs  of  the  company 
been  as  successful  as  was  expected  when  the  buildings  were  undertaken. 

May  16,  1812. 

J.  P.  De  Geucht, 
William  Cox  Ellis. 

The  mills  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  were  those  erected  by  John  Norris  as 
early  as  1799,  on  the  head  waters  of  Little  Pine  creek,  near  the  present 
village  of  Texas,  in  Lycoming  county.  ISTorris  came  from  Philadelphia  as  the 
representative  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  and  the  mills  were  known  as  "Morris' 
Mills,"  and  are  so  referred  to  in  the  law  authorizing  the  opening  of  the  State 
road  in  1799.  In  addition  to  the  mills,  store  buildings  were  erected,  the  object 
being  to  found  a  town  on  the  site.  The  settlement  did  not  prosper,  and  the  value 
of  the  mills  and  other  property  greatly  depreciated,  resulting  in  the  failure  of 
several  members  of  the  company,  and  a  re-allotment  of  the  land  among  those  re- 
maining. 

NOREIS    AND    BABE. 

One  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  what  is  now  known  as  Texas,  just 
over  the  line  in  Lycoming  county,  was  John  Norris.  He  came  from  Philadelphia 
in  1799,  as  the  representative  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  and  located  on  lands 
covered  by  warrant  No.  1596,  and  surveyed  to  Hewes  &  Fisher,  members  of  the  Pine 
Creek  Land  Company.  It  laid  about  nineteen  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Little 
Pine  creek.  Here  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill,  known  as  "Morris'  Mills,"  were  built 
with  the  evident  purpose  of  founding  a  town.    Here,  also,  Norris  opened  a  school, 


THE    PIONEERS.  63 


in  which  himself  and  his  wife  taught,  until  about  1805,  when  he  removed  to  the 
"Big  Marsh"  near  Wellsboro,  and  became  interested  with  Benjamin  Wistar  ilorris 
in  promoting  the  settlement  and  upbuilding  of  the  latter  place.  It  was  near 
"Morris'  Mills"  that  the  famous  "English  Colony"  made  a  settlement  in  ISO.j. 
This  latter  place  is  now  known  as  Oregon  Hill,  and  lies  in  Pine  township,  Lycoming 
county,  near  the  Tioga  county  line. 

Samson  Babb  settled  in  Morris  township  on  the  stream  which  bears  his  name, 
in  1800.  He  purchased  450  acres  from  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  and  built 
a  saw-mill  and  became  a  pioneer  lumberman.  Babb  was  a  native  of  Wilmington, 
Delaware.  As  his  will  bears  date  May  13,  1814,  and  as  a  bond  in  $4,000  was  given 
by  his  executors,  December  14,  1814,  he  must  have  died  between  those  dates.  He 
accumulated  considerable  property  and  made  ample  provision  for  his  widow  and 
children.  He  also  possessed  some  peculiar  notions,  for  in  his  will  he  said  that  he 
wished  "to  be  buried  in  the  northeast  corner  of  my  garden  and  walled  in!"  The 
wall  never  was  built,  and  his  grave  has  been  obliterated  by  a  public  road  passing 
over  it.  He  left  several  sons  and  daughters,  and  their  descendants  still  livo  in 
the  county. 

Babb's  creek,  which  takes  its  name  from  Samson  Babb,  was  an  important 
stream  among  tho  Indians.  Alonj;  its  hanks  ran  ime  of  tlieir  great  trails,  which 
ascended  Stony  Fork  and  passed  through  Wellsboro.  When  white  men  first 
asceiHk'd  iiiibb's  creek  by  the  trail,  they  found  it  well  beaten  into  tlie  f,Tound, 
showing  that  it  had  been  traveled  for  a  long  time — perhaps  for  hundreds  of  years. 

The  region  through  which  it  passed  was  wild  and  uninviting.  Thick  briars 
and  matted  vines  lined  (he  l)iiiil<s  of  the  stream,  and  tall  pines  and  hemlocks  almost 
shut  out  the  rays  of  the  sun  with  their  thick  foliage.  The  stream  was  filled  with 
trout.  So  abundant  were  they  that  with  an  ordinary  hook  and  bait  enough  could 
be  caught  in  one  hour  to  fill  a  larj^e  basket.  Wild  animals,  too,  abounded  in  this 
mountain  fastness,  and  the  rattle  of  the  serpent  made  music  for  the  ear. 

HORHORS     OF    THE    WILDERNESS. 

Some  idea  of  the  horrors  of  this  wilderness  region,  when  Morris  and  his  family 
settled  on  the  site  of  Wellsboro,  can  be  learned  from  the  experiences  of  Gen.  John 
Burrows,  of  Montoursville,  who  made  a  journey  here  in  the  winter  of  1802.  In 
his  little  pamphlet  giving  some  account  of  his  life,  which  he  prepared  for  his 
descendants,  he  tells  this  thrilling  story: 

In  1802  I  wns  elected  a  [Lycominir]  county  commissioner.  •  •  •  About  this  time 
I  received  a  letter  from  Dr.  Tate  introducing  Willinm  Hill  Wells  to  me,  who  had  settled  in 
the  woods  [iu:ir]  where  Wellsboro  now  stands,  the  county  seat  of  Tiopa. 

Mr.  Wells  npplie<l  to  nic  to  furnish  him  with  provisions  in  his  new  settlement.  He 
hnd  broupht  a  number  of  negroes  with  him  from  the  State  of  Delaware,  where  he  moved 
from.  1  put  eighty-eipht  hundred  weight  of  pork  on  two  sleds  and  started  to  (jo  to  him 
with  it.  It  was  fine  sleilding,  but  dreadful  cold  weather.  In  crossing  the  .\IIegheny 
mountain  the  nuin  I  had  driving  one  of  the  teams  froze  his  feet  up  to  his  ankles.  I  was 
obliged  to  leave  hiin,  and  the  next  morning  put  the  four  horses  to  one  sled,  and  the  pork 
on  it,  and  Ktarted  for  Wells".  I  hnd  Bi\  times  to  eross  Pine  creek.  .V  man  coming  into 
the  si-ttlement  from  that  pnrt  nf  the  county  had  frozen  to  death  the  day  before.  I  passed 
him  lying  in  the  road! 


^4  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


The  second  crossing  of  the  creek  was  about  fifty  yards  wide;  when  the  foremost 
Jaorses  g-ot  to  the  middle  of  the  creek  the  ice  broke  with  them;  the  ice  was  about  mid- 
side  deep;  and  in  their  attempting  to  get  on  the  ice  again,  drew  the  other  horses  and 
sled  into  the  creek  and  pulled  the  roller  out  of  the  sled.  I  got  the  horses  ashore  and  tied 
them  and  then  went  back  to  the  sled  and  found  the  water  running  over  the  pork.  I  had 
to  go  partly  under  water  to  get  an  axe  that  was  tied  on  the  sled,  to  cut  a  road  through 
the  ice  to  get  the  sled  ashore.  Sometimes  I  was  in  the  water  up  to  my  middle,  and 
sometimes  I  was  standing  on  the  ice,  the  water  following  the  stroke  of  the  axe  would 
fly  up,  and  as  soon  as  it  touched  me  was  ice. 

When  I  got  the  road  cut  to  the  shore  I  went  to  the  sled,  and  getting  a  log  chain, 
reached  under  water  and  hooked  it  first  to  one  runner  and  then  to  the  other;  then  backed 
-the  horses  in  through  the  road,  hitched  to  the  sled  and  pulled  it  out. 

It  was  now  dark;  I  had  six  miles  to  go  and  four  times  to  cross  the  creek,  without  a 
ToUer  in  my  sled  to  guide  it.  On  descending  ground  it  would  run  out  of  the  road,  when 
I  had  difficulty  to  get  it  in  the  road  again.  There  was  not  a  dry  thread  on  me,  and  the 
•outside  of  my  clothes  was  frozen  stiff.  It  was  twelve  [midnight]  o'clock  before  I  got  to 
the  mill,*  the  first  house  before  me;  and  there  were  neither  hay  nor  stable  when  I  got 
there.     I  thought  my  poor  horses  would  freeze  to  death. 

Next  morning  as  soon  as  the  daylight  appeared,  I  cut  a  stick  and  put  a  roller  to  my 
sled — the  very  wood  seemed  filled  with  ice.  I  started  from  there  at  ten  o'clock,  and  had 
fifteen  miles  to  go  to  Wells'.  The  snow  was  two  feet  deep  and  there  was  scarcely  a  track 
in  the  road.  I  met  Mr.  Wells'  negro  five  miles  this  side  of  his  house,  coming  to  meet  me, 
on  horseback,  about  sunset.  He  said  there  was  a  byroad  that  was  a  mile  nearer  than  the 
•one  I  was  on,  and  he  undertook  to  pilot  me,  but  soon  lost  the  path  and  we  wandered 
about  among  the  trees  till  at  length  my  sled  pitched  into  a  hole  and  upset.  I  then  un- 
hooked my  horses  from  the  sled  and  asked  the  negro  if  he  thought  he  could  pilot  me  to 
-the  house,  but  he  acknowledged  himself  lost. 

I  looked  about  and  took  a  view  of  the  stars  and  started  with  my  four  horses,  leaving 
ithe  pork  in  the  wood,  and  fortunately  reached  Wells'.  When  I  got  there  he  had  neither 
hay  nor  stable,  or  any  kind  of  feed,  nor  any  place  to  confine  my  horses,  and  I  had  to  tie 
them  to  the  trees.  He  had  a  place  dug  in  a  log  that  I  could  feed  two  of  my  horses  at  a 
time! 

All  the  buildings  that  he  had  erected  were  two  small  cabins,  adjoining  each  other — 
one  for  himself  and  family,  about  sixteen  feet  square,  that  I  could  not  stand  straight  in — 
built  of  logs,  with  bark  for  an  upper  floor,  and  split  logs  for  the  lower  floor.  The  negro 
cabin  was  a  little  larger,  but  built  of  the  same  material.  I  sat  by  the  fire  until  morning. 
It  took  me  all  that  day  to  get  my  pork  to  the  house  and  settle.  I  started  the  next  morn-, 
ing  for  home  without  any  feed  to  give  my  horses,  after  they  had  stood  there  two  nights, 
and  the  snow  was  up  to  their  bellies.  I  have  been  particular  in  detailing  the  circum- 
.stances  of  this  trip,  leaving  you  to  judge  of  the  hardships  that  I  had  to  endure;  but  it  is 
■only  a  specimen  of  much  of  the  kind  that  I  have  had  to  encounter  through  life. 

The  route  traveled  by  General  Burrows  was  by  what  is  known  as  the  "State 
Road,"  built  in  1799.  It  is  described  in  the  chapter  on  "Internal  Improvements." 
His  description  of  the  primitive  residence  of  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Delmar  town- 
ship will  give  the  reader  a  vivid  idea  of  the  privations  endured  by  the  early  settlers 
in  the  wilderness.  The  cabin  erected  by  Wells  was  located  about  two  miles  and 
a  half  southwest  of  the  site  of  Wellsboro.  He  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Benjamin 
Wistar  Morris. 

TAXABLES      OF      1813. 

The  following  list  of  names  of  the  taxables  of  the  county  for  1812,  taken  from 
the  "corrected  assessment  of  seated  and  personal  property"  for  that  year,  furnishes 

*  Supposed  to  have  been  the  Morris  Mills  already  refered  to. 


//  ^*'  'lyJao^Ajc^ 


THE    PIONEERS. 


65 


the  best  obtainable  information  as  to  who  were  here  as  early  as  the  close  of  1811, 
with  the  amount  of  real  and  personal  property  possessed  by  each  person  assessed. 
This  is  the  earliest  assessment  to  be  found  on  file  in  the  commissioners'  office, 
and  appears  to  have  been  the  first  made  after  the  official  machinery  of  the  county 
was  in  operation.  The  previous  assessments  were  made  under  the  direction  of 
the  authorities  of  Lycoming  county,  to  which  Tioga  county  was  attached,  for 
judicial  and  other  purposes,  for  several  years  after  its  creation  in  180-1.  At  the 
time  the  assessment  was  made  the  county  was  divided  into  two  townships — Tioga 
and  Delmar — the  former  created  originally  in  li'J7,  and  the  latter  in  1805. 


TIOGA  TOWNSHIP. 


AdamB,  Rufus.  

Adams,  Timothy, 

Adams,  Lyman  (saw-mill),     

Allen,  William, 

Ayres,  Stephen, 

Allen,  Charles, 

Bentley,  Benjamin, 

Baldwin,  Ebenezer, 

Baker,  William  (tanyard), 

Baldwin,  Rufus, 

Baldwin,  Thomas  (one-half  saw-mill)  , 

Bless,  Aaron, 

Burley,  Ebenezer, 

Burley,  David, 

Bailey,  Constant 

Baker,  Isaac, 

Brings,  Simeon, 

Boylean,  James, 

Beneon,  John, 

Bud,  John, 

Bacon,  Alvin 

Bacon,  Daniel 

Bacon,  Ebenezer 

Baoon,  William, 

Bailey,  Robert .... 

Button,  Alpheus, 

Baldwin,  Isaac  (saw-mill), 

Berry,  Rachel 

Bailey,  Grlffln, 

Clark,  Elijah, 

Cannon,  Cornelius, 

Cady,  John 

Chambers,  Benjamin, 

demons,  David,  .    .    .    ■    • 

Crandle,  John, 

Cannon,  Jacob ... 

Cannon,  StiUman, 

Cudworth,  Paul 

('uihvnrlli,  Apolloa, 

<'liui-cliill,  Thomas, 

Corey,  Jonathan, 

Coroy,  Jonathan,  Jr 

Dttgfifett,  Seth 

Doud,  Poleg 

Da^Kfott,  Reuben 

DoPuy,  Elijah 

Uartt,  Joshua,     


46 

100 

160 

50 

60 


100 

160 

20 

98 

100 

412 

114 

100 

100 

146 

215 

60 

100 


160 

100 
90 
91 

260 
60 
90 

290 
60 

175 

100 


100 

70 

100 

50 

100 

100 

100 

87 

60 

160 

168 

181 


VALUATIO!*. 


$216  00 

UiO  00 
405  00 
76  00 
75  00 
10  00 
440  00 
:i07  60 
160  00 
197  00 
818  00 
f)-J7  00 
•2VJ  00 
160  00 
■.'IH(  00 
•J21   00 

•J7i;  .')() 

60  00 
170  00 

•20  00 
237  50 
184  00 

90  00 
167  00 
890  00 

60  00 
458  00 
715  00 

72  60 
3W1  00 

•2(1  00 
2t;5  00 

70  00 
153  00 

87  60 
150  00 

60  00 
215  00 

IIMJ  00 

$145  00 

225  00 

94  00 

IWl  00 
227  00 
194  00 


80  00 


(1  08 

08 

2  02 

87 

87 

06 

2  26 

1  98 

79 

98 

1  69 

2  68 
1  09 

75 

1  00 

1  10 

1  3i; 

30 

86 

10 

1  18 

92 

45 

88 

1  95 
80 

2  26 

3  67 
36 

1  80 
10 

1  32 
35 
76 
43 
75 
30 

1  07 
60 
Tl! 

1  12 
47 
95 

1  18 
'J' 

2  06 
40 


66 


HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


VALUATION. 


Elliott,  Nathaniel, 

Elliott,  John 

Everts,  Solomon, 

Franklin,  John, 

Fellows,  Nathan 

Fosset,  Jonathan, 

Greenleaf,  Israel, 

Goodhue,  Daniel, 

Gordon,  John, 

Gray,  John, 

Greeno,  Moses, 

Gitchell,  Levi,        

Gitchell,  Eli, 

Gitchell,  Aaron, 

Gray,  James, 

Gifford,  Noah, 

Gifford,  Judah, 

Gray,  James,  Jr., 

Hart,  George, 

Hart,  Adam  (one  still), 

Hill,  Nathan, 

Haws,  Ebenezer,        

Higley,  Samuel 

Hughes,  Henry, 

Hammond,  Josiah, 

Hammond,  Erastus, 

Hammond,  Joseph 

Hakes,  Beebe, 

Harris,  Alexander, 

Ives,  Benajah, 

Ingersoll,  B  Montgomery,    .    . 

IngersoU,  Daniel,  Jr., 

Inscho,  Obadiah, 

Ingersoll,  Daniel, 

Ives,  Timothy, ... 

Ives,  John.  Jr., 

Jackson,  Ebenezer  (tan-yard), 

Jackson,  Lorentes, 

Jennings,  Oliver 

Kies,  Samuel,      

Kelso,  John, 

Kiphart,  Jacob,  Jr 

Kiphart,  Jacob, 

Kies,  William,    ...  

Kilburn,  Ira,        

Kelley,  Nghemiah,        

Losey,  Jesse,        ,    .       ... 

London,  Benjamin, 

Lamb,  Gad,      

Lamb,  Daniel, 

Lamb,  Harry, 

Loper,  Uriah, 

Lindsey,  David,      

Ludington,  William, 

Lewis,  Thomas, 

Lane,  Allen, 

Laurence,  Jonathan  (hatter), 

Laurence,  Henry  (one-half  a  saw-mill), 

Laurence,  Benjamin, 

King,  John, 

King,  Simeon, 

Knowlton,  Henry, 

McCane,  Samuel, 

Mudge,  Aaron 

Mitchell,  Richard, 

Maine,  John  (one-half  a  saw-mill),     .    . 


400 
90 
36 


100 
100 
200 


120 
100 
210 
100 
100 

73 
400 
100 

50 
100 


264 

50 

100 

100 

28 


200 
82 
50 


100 


200 
300 


100 


200 
122 
100 
6 
150 


200 

50 

239 

127J 

nii 

50 
173 
100 
150 
100 


150 


50 
50 
150 
50 
100 
865 
160 


$640  00 
5(0  00 
54  00 
10  00 
190  00 
160  00 
310  50 


258  00 
210  00 
505  00 
160  00 
210  50 

259  50 
525  00 
140  00 

50  00 
100  00 

60  00 
929  50 

60  00 
810  00 
250  00 

66  00 

40  00 
206  00 
286  00 

50  00 

10  00 
430  00- 

50  00 

40  00 
790  00 

40  00 
470  00 

10  00 

55  00 
40  00 

240  00 

40  00 

410  00 

472  00 

380  00 

29  00 

750  00 

40  00 

425  00 

65  00 

376  00 

252  50 

242  50 

106  00 

319  50 

205  00 

160  00 

220  00 

20  00 

423  00 

50  00 

68  00 

50  00 

195  00 

56  00 
140  00 
835  00 
375  00 


THE    PIOXEEBS. 


VALUATIOB. 


Mitchell,  Robert, 

Mitchell,  Thomas, 

Middaugh,  Joseph  (half  a  whiskey-still), 

Marvin  John, 

Miller,  Jacob, 

Mann,  Asa, 

Moore,  Silas, 

Miller,  Joshua, 

Mudge,  Ira 

Mudge,  Joshua, 

Miller,  Garret, 

Miller,  Garret,  Jr., 

Miller,  Samuel 

Moss,  David 

Mosa,  Benoni 

Miller,  David  (one-half  a  saw-mill),  .   . 

Miller,  Vaughan, 

Norton,  Trueman, 

Newell,  John, 

Nash,  Noah 

Nichols,  David 

Niles,  Nathan 

Overton,  Thomas  (half  asaw-mill  and  half 

a  grist  mill), 
Orvis,  Jesse, 


Power.  Simeon  ^physician) 

Prltchard,  Calvin, 

Prltchard,  Lyman, 

Plainer,  Widow, 

Prutsman,  Jacob 

Pitts,  Hanover, 

Pain,  Clement,  

Pain,  David 

Prentiss,  Levi, 

Prutsman,  Nicholas 

Putnam,  Elijah, 

Putnam,  Thomas,  

Rathbun,  William  (half  a  saw-mill),  .   . 

Reep,  Jacob, 

Roberts.  Eliza, 

Rutta,  Samuel, 

Rowley,  Nathan 

Reynolds,  Obadiah, 

Rose,  Russell 

Rumsey,  Noah 

Rumsoy.  Jeremiah, 

Rexford.  Thomas, 

Rose,  William, 

Reynolds,  Samuel, 

Spencer,  Uriah  (one-half  still),   .   . 

Sullard,  James, 

Sutlard,  Stephen 

Spencer,  Amos  (one-half  grist-mill), .   .   . 

Snaw,  Joshua, 

Spencer,  Mica  (book  store) 

Sp.'iuM'i-.  Jonathan  L.  (one-half  grist-mill), 

Si-ftiimii.M.  Gardner 

Soely,  James,      

Soely,  Jesse, 

Smith,  Ui-nssohu-r. 

Smith,  Honjaniin,      

Smith,  Jcsso,  

Sharp,  AniliTW 

Staples,  Samuel 

Shod,  Simoon 

Sharp,  Cornelius 


90 

160 
100 
200 
256 
50 


too 

50 
205 
166 
160 
190 

50 
200 
100 

60 
100 
298 

20 
226 

307 

60 

60 

101 

100 

60 

140 

98 

800 

97 

200 

29 

400 

400 

666 

260 

60 

60 

100 


16 

50 

276 

99 

190 

200 

150 

60 

60 

11 

100 

61 

4 

50 

200 

100 

100 


8 
160 

160 


1390  00 

80  00 
370  00 
150  00 
320  00 
360  00 
110  00 

90  00 
170  00 

86  00 
240  00 
166  UO 
287  60 
200  00 

50  00 
618  00 
no  00 

60  00 
143  00 
622  00 

80  00 
297  60 


682 
60 

•-'02 
ITK 

:i4i) 

!)C 
680 

no 

300 

lill! 

819 

168 

740 

630 

1,879 

1,020 

97 

To 

iTi; 

30 

42 

60 

836 

106 

L"j2 

2T0 

7T0 

167 

107 

166 

169 

130 

V2 

60 

340 

100 

104 

30 

66 

242 

30 

88 

266 


50 
ftO 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
0<) 
00 
1)1) 
50 
00 
00 
Oi) 
60 
00 
00 
50 
50 
00 
00 
60 
60 
60 
00 
00 
00 
00 

.HI 

00 
00 
00 
00 
60 
00 
00 
00 


91  96 
40 

1  86 
75 

1  60 

1  80 
65 
45 
85 
42 

1  -JO 
88 

1  18 

1  00 
26 

2  69 
66 
26 
71 

8  11 
40 

1  48 

2  91 
30 

1  31 
89 

1  70 
49 

2  90 
65 

1  50 
52 

1  59 
79 

3  70 
3  16 

i;  89 
r,  10 

48 
37 
86 
16 
21 
30 

I  68 
63 

1  46 

1  35 

3  85 
83 
53 
83 
84 
65 
86 
30 

1  70 
60 
52 
16 
88 

1  21 
16 
44 

1  27 


68 


HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


VALUATION. 


Taylor,  Charles, 

Taylor,  Moses, 

Trout,  Adam 

Vail,  Levi  (one-half  still), 

Van  Campen,  James, 

Van  Wy,  Henry, 

Westbrook,  Samuel, 

"Williams,  Elisha, 

Waldo,  John, 

"Willard.  William  ^one-half  saw-mill). 

"Wilson,  Joseph,  

Westbrook,  Benjamin,     ....... 

Wilson,  Thomas,    ...  

Wilson,  John,      

Walker,  Daniel,         

Washburn,  Isaiah,  Jr., 

Welch,  Nathaniel,  Jr., 

"Welch,  Nathaniel, 

Welch,  Samuel, 

"Weast,  Abraham 

Wood,  Lemuel, 

Washburn,  Isaiah, 

Wbitten,  Luther, 

Youngman,  John  C. 

Youngman,  John, 


100 
200 


260 
66 
76 
100 
100 
567 


30 
157 


200 
100 
180 
150 
100 
100 
200 
100 
50 
100 
100 


$100  00 
203  00 

'191   00 

80  00 
515  00 
128  00 
288  00 
180  00 
115  00 
1,490  00 

40  00 
260  00 
416  50 

40  00 
405  00 
140  00 
222  50 
227  50 
100  00 
114  00 
280  00 
100  00 

75  00 
175  00 
172  00 


$  50 

1  01 
14 
40 

2  57 
64 

1  44 
90 
57 

7  45 
20 

1  30 

2  08 
20 

2  02 
70 

1  11 

1  13 
50 
57 

1  40 
50 
37 
87 


The  names  of  the  following  "single  freemen,"  each  of  whom  was  assessed  g, 
tax  of  seventy-five  cents,  appear  on  the  same  list:  Stephen  Ayres,  David 
Burley,  Ebenezer  Bacon,  Elisha  Burk,  William  Biolloek,  Jacob  Cannon,  John 
Clark,  William  Cricket,  John  Covey,  Apollos  Cudworth,  Paul  Cudworth,  jr., 
Judah  Gifford,  John  Hart,  Elias  Houghtaling,  Benjamin  Ives,  John  Ives,  Jr., 
Lorentes  Jackson,  Jesse  Kies,  Jacob  Kiphart,  Jr.,  Daniel  Lamb,  Harry  Lamb,  Benoni 
Moss,  Erastns  Niles,  Calvin  Pritchard,  N"athan  Eowley,  Jr.,  Jesse  Seely,  John 
Thomson,  Thomas  VanCamp,  and  James  VanCamp,  Jr. 

DELMAE  TOWNSHIP. 


VALUATION. 


Alling'ton,  John, 

Allington,  William, 

-  Austin,  Caleb, 

Atkins,  Samuel,     

Bailey,  Roswell, 

Bonney,  Thomas, 

Babb,  Samson  (saw-mill),   ... 

Baldwin,  Isaac  (saw-mill), 

Blanohard,  Charles  (one-third  saw-mill), 
Bulkley,  Israel  (distillery),    ....... 

Bonney,  Jonathan, 

Bowen,  Emmer  (one-half  a  saw-mill),    .    . 

Bloss,  borman, 

Baker,  Abisha  (town  lot), 

Blanchard,  Abner, 

Burdick,  Jesse, 

Beecher,  Thomas  (one-third  grist-mill).  . 
Beecher,  Hopestill  (one-third  grist-mill), 
Beecher,  John  (one-third  grist  mill),    .    . 


60 
150 
100 


100 
42 
100 
400 
246 
350 
50 
129 


98 


50 
160 
160 


$97  00 
304  00 
148  00 

12  00 
153  00 

54  00 
435  50 
920  00 
648  50 
943  00 

82  00 
448  50 

12  00 

26  72 
310  00 

60  00 
240  00 
654  On 
613  00 


i  48 

1  52 
74 
06 
76 
27 

2  17 
4  60 

3  24 

4  71 
41 

2  24 
06 
13 

1  55 

30 

1  20 

3  27 
3  06 


THE    FIONEEBS. 


09 


HORSES-         OXEH. 


TALCiTION. 


Bryant,  David, 

Bowen,  Zadoc, 

Cheney,  Alpheus  (two  town  lots),   .   .   .   . 

Culver,  Timothy, 

Colvin,  Joshua,      

Coates,  Frederick, 

Cook,  Levi, 

Colvin,  Joseph, 

Costley,  James, 

Carpenter,  Samuel, 

Cook,  Reuhen, 

Coates,  Lintsford, 

Culver,  Amasa  (one-third  saw-mill),  .   .   . 
Coates,  Timothy  (moved  away). 

(jady,  Abel, 

Clooa,  Newbury,     

Carpenter,  Charles, 

Cady,  Curtis 

Carpenter,  Jedediah, 

Dill,  Samuel, 

Darling,  Stephen 

Ellis,  Richard 

Furman,  Josiah,     .   .  • 

Freeman,  Ichabod,       

Faulkner,  John,     

Faulkner,  William, 

Faulkner,  Joseph, 

Flurance.  Peter, 

Fisher,  Samuel  W.  (grist-mill  and  saw- 
mill)  

Furman,  Aaron, 

Fish,  Joseph, 

Greenleaf,  Israel 

Gaylord,  Jonathan, 

Goodwin,  Richard, 

Gardner,  John  (moved  away). 

Graves,  John,      

George,  Bedford 

Greenleaf,  David 

GiUet,  Aaron 

GiUet,  Aaron,  Jr., 

Hill,  William  (three  town  lots) 

Hotchkisa,  Harris, 

Hazlett,  Samuel  (one-hall  a  saw-mill),  -  . 

Howland,  Eddy, 

Hill,  Elihii 

Holden,  William 

Hill,  Ebenezer 

Hoadley,  William, 

Hammond,  David, 

Ives,  Roswell 

Ives,  Timothy  (one  town  lot), 

Ives,  John  (2d), 

Ives,  Titus,         

Johnson,  Joseph ••.... 

Jackson,  Lorontes, 

Jay,  David,      

Joseph,  John 

Jordan,  Daniel 

Knox,  Margaret 

Kelsoy,  Joseph 

Kelsey,  Daniel 

Kent,  Jaboz,   

Llndsey,  David  (three  town  lots),  .  .  . 

Lapbam,  Jesse 

Losey,  Jesse, 


80 


212 

200 

60 

68 

50 


62 
100 

75 
125 


64 
60 


1,000 
200 

40 
148 
100 

60 


200 
60 
60 

600 
16 

100 


400 
100 
340 


200 
100 
800 
160 
6 
100 


200 
300 
100 

26 
160 
400 
100 

•2b 


80 
100 
180 
100 
100 


160 
260 
126 


1 
4 
2i 


•I 


$102  00 
30  00 

116  44 
313  00 
445  0» 
234  00 

;  2o2  00 
:  234  W 

!    12  IK  I 

!   03  00 

271  0 

15"  00 

I  883  00 

•22  00 

I  886  00 

2IMI  00 

22  0  ' 

l.i  00 

12  00 

87  00 

1,147  00 

1  4911  60 

72  00 

2'.iM  00 

•422  00 

210  00 

12  00 

844  00 

f  135  00 
I   80  00 

781  00 
I   82  00 

352  00 

j   •12  00 

«77  00 

I  100  00 

'  360  00 

12  00 

325  66 

i  161  00 

i  800  50 

607  00 

I   46  00 

100  00 

12  00 

201  00 

618  00 

168  00 

52  22 

336  00 

677  OO 

117  00 
87  60 
12  00 

167  00 
224  00 
477  00 
377  00 
148  00 
12  00 
2m  I  16 
301  00 
198  00 


$ 


51 
16 
58 

1  66 

2  22 
1  17 


1  41 

1  17 
06 
46 

1  35 
76 

1  91 


11 
68 
00 
11 
07 
06 
18 
78 
49 
36 
49 
11 
08 
06 


4  22 
67 
40 

8  66 
41 

1  76 


21 
8  88 

60 
1  80 

06 
1  62 

80 
4  00 
3  08 

28 

50 

06 

1  00 

2  66 
84 
26 

I  68 

8  88 

58 


18 
06 
88 

1  12 

2  38 
1  88 

74 

06 

1  40 

1  80 

99 


70 


HISTORY   OY   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


VALUATION. 


Log-an,  Paul,       

Matteson,  Alexander, 

Matteson,  Solomon, 

Matteson,  Jonathan, 

Merrick,  Israel,  .....  .... 

Mann,  Nathaniel, 

Manning-,  Thomas, 

Mitchell,  William 

Miller,  Samuel, 

Matteson,  James, 

Mead,  Nathan  fmoved  away), 

Merrick,  Israel,  Jr.,     

Morris,  Samuel  W.  (eight  town  lots),    .    . 

Mathers,  John 

Morris,  Benjamin  Wistar,     

Mann,  Asa 

Moore,  Mordecai, 

Murry,  Eben, 

Niles,  Aaron, 

Niles,  Nathan, 

Niles,  Nathan,  Jr., 

Norris,  John  (two  and  one-third  town  lots), 

Phillips,  Spencer,     

Pierce,  Baker, 

Phillips,  Daniel, 

Parker,  John,      

Place,  Asa 

Prentiss,  Thomas,      

Rexford,  Simon, 

Ryers,  .John  P., 

Read,  Daniel,  .  

Ryon,  John,  

Rathbun,  Thomas  (one-third  saw-mill), 

Robinson,  Joseph,     

Shed,  Simeon,        

Steele,  Robert, 

Sligh  (Sly),  Henry  (one  town  lot),  .   .    . 

Starkweather,  Elijah, 

Shumway,  Peter 

Short,  Reuben, 

Scott,  Luke, 

Strait,  Jonathan, 

Streeter,  Widow,       

Strait,  David 

Seely,  Nathaniel 

Short,  John,  '. 

Short,  Benoni,        

Short,  Asa, 

Seelye,  Ebenezer  (one-half  saw-mill),    . 

Strawbridge,  George 

Sweet,  John, [ 

Swimeley,  Joseph '. 

^  Schoonover,  Christopher, 

Seely,  Benjamin 

Stiles,  Jonathan, 

Seelye,  Julius, 

Strait,  James, 

Salsbury,  Benjamin, 

Spencer,  Uriah, 

Short,  David, 

Thompson,  Bethlehem  (grist-mill),    .   . 

Taylor,  Widow, 

Taylor,  Samuel 

Taylor,  Ebenezer .... 

Tubbs,  Samuel, 

Taylor,  Silas, 


100 

50 

63 

50 

100 

20 

300 

100 

126 

20 

100 

776 

675 

100 


100 


50 
50 
50 
170 
300 
100 
150 
120 
120 
100 


80 
100 
116 
160 
150 
400 
100 

60 
250 
250 


100 


50 

80 

120 

60 

100 

100 

466 

9 

64 

90 


269 


80 
100 
169 

73 
407 
200 
100 
225 
650 

50 


1 

4 
1 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
4 
1 
2 
2 
8 
1 
1 
2 
3 


1 
8 
2 
1 


$100  00 
267  00 

189  00 
264  00 

190  00 
172  00 
357  00 
161  00 
198  00 

40  00 

881  50 

1,117  26 

187  00 


102  00 
25  00 

194  50 
82  00 
50  00 

233  00 
366  80 
188  00 
282  00 
267  00 
231  00 
182  00 

25  00 
374  00 
300  00 

234  00 
258  00 
400  00 
680  00 
153  00 

62  00 

76  72 
296  00 
312  00 

60  00 
206  00 

12  00 
115  00 
177  00 
256  50 

96  00 
112  00 
122  50 
1,043  00 
,45  00 
314  00 

188  00 
20  00 
42  00 

438  00 

12  00 

160  50 

189  00 
171  00 
133  00 
888  00 
680  00 
162  00 
795  00 

1,408  00 
62  00 


!  50 

1  33 

94 

1  27 

95 

86 

1  78 
80 
99 
20 

4  40 

5  58 
93 

2  00 
51 
13 
97 
41 
25 

1  16 


94 

1  41 

1  33 

1  15 

91 

12i 

1  87 

1  50 

1  17 

1  29 

2  00 

3  40 

76 

26 

38 

1  48 

1  66 

30 

1  03 

06 

57 

88 

1  28 

47 

56 

61 

5  22 

22 

1  67 

94 

10 

21 

2  19 

06 

80 

69 

85 

66 

4  44 

3  40 

81 

8  97 

7  04 

31 

COUXTT    OBGAXIZATIOX   COMPLETED. 


71 


ACBES-        HOB3ES-    1     OZE9.  COWS.  VALCATIOS.    !      TAX. 


Thomas,  Ezekiel,   .   .   . 
Tuttle,  Ay  res  (grist-mill,) 
Thomas,  Jonathan,    .   .   . 
Tuttle,  Sheldon,     .... 
Van  Natta,  Jacob,     .   .   . 

White,  Elisha, 

Williams,  Robert,     .   .   . 

Williams,  Bob, 

Wright,  Cyprian,  .... 
Wheeler,  Orva,   .    . 
Willard,  Oliver,     .... 
Yarnall,  James, 


50 
100 

50 
100 

45 
100 
100 

98 
100 
•20O 


1     !         2 


I 


$  53  00 
333  00 
111  00 
167  50 

67  50 
223  00 
208  00 

12  00 

3  47 

102  00 

247  00 

69  00 


$ 


26 
1  66 

55 

84 

33 
1  Hi 
1  04 

06 
1  73 

51 
1   123 

34 


The  names  of  the  following  "single  freemen"  also  appear  on  the  same  list, 
each  of  whom  was  taxed  seventy-five  cents:    Eli  Abbott,  Sylvester  Bailey,  Samson 

Babb,  Jr.,  Royal    Blanchard,  Edmijah    Blanchard,    Blanchani.    Zadoc 

Bowen,  Isaac    Gaylord,  David    Greenleaf,  John    Hazlett,  David    Henry,  William 
Holden,  John  McKinley,  William  Mathias,  and  Israel  Merrick,  Jr. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

COUNTY  OEGANIZATION  COMPLETED. 

Location  of  County  Seat— Trustees  Appointed— Proposals  fdr  a  Site  Ad 
VERTiSED  PoK— The  Offer  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  Accepted  -  Location 
Made— Why  Named  Wellsborough— A  Town  Laid  Out— Activity  of  Morris- 
Delmar  Township  Formed— First  Commissioners— Early  Financial  State- 
ments—Other Statistical  Information— Growth  of  Population  by  Decades. 


IT  has  been  shown  that  Tioga  county  was  erected  March  26,  180-1.  After  this 
enact mont  the  political  affairs  of  the  country  seem  to  have  remained  in  abeyanee 
for  about  two  years.  This  was  doubtless  caused  by  the  sparseness  of  the  popula- 
tion and  tlie  fact  that  the  territory  had  belonged  to  Lycoming.  By  the  act  of 
Eebrunry  I?,  1806,  the  powers  of  the  commissioners  of  Lycoming  were  extended  to 
the  districts  of  Potter  and  Tioga  counties.  In  other  words,  a  protectorate,  so  to 
speak,  was  to  be  exercised  over  them  until  they  were  sufficiently  strong  to  set  up 
business  for  themselves.  It  was  made  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  of  the 
mother  county  to  keep  distinct  accounts  of  the  moneys  collected  from  each  of  the 
aforcMiid  difitriets,  and  the  recorder  of  deeds  of  Lyeoming  county  was  required 
to  provide  a  sejiarate  hook  for  recording  the  deeds  for  lands  lying  within  the 
res|>e(tive  counties  of  Tiojra  and  Potter.  The  deed  book  for  Tioga  is  written  in  the 
beautiful  round  hand  of  John  Kidd,  who  was  the  first  officer  appointed  liy  (Jovernor 


72  HISTORY    OF    TIOQA    COUNTY. 

MifSin  for  Lycoming  comity,  and  during  the  first  few  years  of  the  existence  of 
that  county  he  held  all  the  offices  in  the  court  house,  except  sherifE  and  coroner. 
This  deed  book  is  known  as  N"o.  1  in  the  register  and  recorder's  office  at  Wellsboro. 
He  wrote  with  a  quill  pen  and  his  writing  is  noted  for  its  plainness,  uniformity 
and  simplicity. 

The  act  of  March  36,  1804,  states  that  the  coimty  seat  "shall  be  fixed  by 
the  legislature  at  any  place  at  a  distance  not  greater  than  seven  miles  from  the 
center  of  the  county,  which  may  be  most  beneficial  and  conTenient  for  the  people." 
This  clause  may  be  attributed  to  the  foresight  or  sagacity  of  Benjamin  Wistar 
Morris,  agent  for  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company. 

Three  trustees  were  authorized  by  the  legislature  to  be  appointed  to  supervise 
the  affairs  of  Tioga  and  select  a  site  for  the  county  seat.  John  Fleming  and 
William  Ellis,  of  Lycoming,  and  William  Hill  Wells,  of  Tioga,  were  appointed. 
The  latter  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Morris,  and  a  son  of  Ellis  married  a  daughter  of 
Morris.  Under  these  conditions  it  requires  no  stretch  of  the  imagination  to  arrive 
at  the  conclusion  that  a  majority  of  the  trustees  would  favor  Morris  in  the  selec- 
tion of  the  county  seat. 

The  following  advertisement  appeared  January  35,  1806,  in  Paulson's  Ameri- 
can Daily  Advertiser,  published  in  Philadelphia: 

TYOGA     COUNTY. 

The  subscribers  having  received  official  information  of  their  having  been  appointed 
by  the  governor  trustees  for  the  county  of  Tyoga,  hereby  give  public  notice  that  they  are 
ready  to  receive  proposals  for  a  scite  or  scites  for  the  county  tovv^n,  and  to  perform  such 
other  duties  as  the  law  governing  their  appointment  requires;  the  increasing  population 
near  the  center  of  said  county  rendering  it  probable  that  the  subject  may  be  brought 
before  the  ensuing  legislature  for  final  arrangements. 

John  Fleming, 
Williamsport,  Lycoming  county.  William  Hill  Wells, 

December  11, 1805.  Willlim  Ellis. 

All  the  preliminaries  having  been  completed,  Morris  at  once  proposed  to  con- 
vey a  certain  number  of  acres  to  the  trustees  on  which  to  locate  the  county 
buildings.  The  offer  being  satisfactory  to  these  officials,  an  act  was  approved 
March  31,  1806,  fixing  the  seat  of  justice  at  Wellsboro,  and  the  trustees  were 
authorized  to  survey  a  certain  tract  of  land  to  include  the  said  town,  and  to  lay 
out  a  lot  for  the  public  buildings,  and  take  a  deed  in  fee  simple  for  one  half  of 
said  tract  and  lots  for  the  use  of  the  county,  and  have  it  recorded  in  Lycoming 
coimty;  to  sell  the  town  lots  and  execute  deeds  therefor  to  the  purchasers,  and 
reserve  the  proceeds  thereof  for  the  use  of  the  county.  It  was  furthermore' stip- 
ulated that  within  six  months  after  the  organization  of  the  county  the  trustees  were 
to  surrender  their  trust  to  the  commissioners  of  the  county,  who  were  to  complete 
the  duties  to  be  performed.  The  trustees  were  also  required  to  file  a  draft  of 
their  survey  in  the  recorder's  office  of  Lycoming  or  Tioga  counties.  This  was 
complied  with  and  the  deed  and  draft  may  be  seen  in  Deed  Book  1,  p.  1,  Tioga 
county. 

July  14,  1806,  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  and  his  wife,   Mary  Wells   Morris, 


COUNTY  ORGANIZATION  COMPLETED. 


conveyed  to  John  Fleming,  William  Hill  Wells  and  William  Ellis,  "one  full 
and  equal  moiety,"  with  the  usual  allowances,  etc.,  of  150  acres  of  land,  agree- 
ably to  the  proposals  made  by  Mr.  Morris  to  the  legislature.  This  land  was 
originally  taken  up  in  the  name  of  James  Stewart,  and  is  fully  described  in  the 
deed,  recorded  September  6,  1806.  The  conveyance  was  made  to  the  above 
named  persons  as  trustees  "for  the  use  of  Tioga  county  forever." 

This  tract  of  150  acres  commenced  at  the  intersection  of  the  Delmar  and 
State  roads  and  included  the  settlement  of  ilr.  Morris.  This  State  road,  built 
in  1799,  from  Newberry  to  the  109lh  mile-stone,  had  become  an  important  thor- 
oughfare at  the  time  the  county  seat  was  located.  The  selection  of  this  site  was 
the  culmination  of  the  plans  of  Mr.  Morris,  backed  by  the  influence  of  the 
Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  for  the  purpose  of  founding  a  town  and  therefore 
enhancing  the  value  of  the  lands. 

VFHY     N.VMEJJ     WELLSBOROUGH. 

When  Morris  succeeded  in  carrying  out  his  plans,  by  having  the  county  seat 
of  Tioga  located  at  the  place  he  had  selected,  and  the  trust tts  had  formally 
accepted  the  same,  he  named  it  "Wellsborough"  (now  by  common  consent  spelled 
"Wellsboro")  in  honor  of  his  wife,  Jlary  Ilill  Wells,  who  was  a  sister  of  Gideon 
and  William  Hill  Wells.  Mrs.  Morris  had  shared  his  trials  and  tribulations  in 
the  wilderness  and  he  felt  that  to  her  was  due  the  conijiliment  of  having  Iut  name 
perpetuated  in  this  way.  The  compliment  was  worthily  bestowed,  for  she  was  a 
good  woman.  She  was  bom  in  Philadelphia  Septemlirr  10,  17ill,  and  died  in 
Wellsboro,  November  (i,  1819.  She  was  reared  in  the  Quaker  faith  and  always 
wore  the  garb  of  those  people.  The  Wells  family  came  from  1  Delaware,  and  brought 
with  them  four  slaves — "Uncle  Eben  Murry  and  his  wife.  Aunt  Hetty" — who 
became  very  worthy  citizens  of  the  new  town  and  were  greatly  resjieeted  by  the 
people — and  Elias  Spencer  and  his  wife,  Maria.  After  a  few  years"  residence  here 
Mr.  Wells  moved  back  to  Philadelphia,  and  the  tradition  is  that  he  gave  his 
farm  to  Uncle  Eben.  Mention  is  made  by  General  Burrows,  when  he  was  flounder- 
ing in  the  snow  and  searching  for  Mr.  Wells'  house,  of  mectini:  one  of  these  slaves 
on  horseback,  who  undertook  to  pilot  him  to  the  house.  Other  interests  probably 
called  the  Wells  family  away  and  the  fact  of  their  being  among  the  early  settlers 
was  almost  forgotten. 

Morris  and  his  party,  however,  did  not  secure  the  county  seat  without  en- 
countering opposition.  Parties  living  at  what  was  then  known  as  Willardsburg, 
but  now  the  borough  of  Tioj:a,  made  an  effort  to  induce  the  trustees  to  select  their 
place  for  the  county  seat,  but  failed  on  account  of  the  influence  against  them  being 
too  great.  The  contention,  of  course,  engendered  some  bitterness,  which  lasted 
for  years,  but  the  softening  influence  of  time  has  removed  all  feeling. 

A     TOWN     LAID    OIT. 

Tiie  TiofTU  county  trustees  were  authorized  by  the  act  to  enlarge  tlie  ground 
plot  of  Wellsboro  and  to  lay  off  and  fix  convenient  lots,  not  exceeding  two  acres. 
for  the  public  buildings.     The  balance  of  the  ground  was  to  lie  laid  out  in  lots 


74  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

and  offered  for  sale,  and  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  appropriate  part  of  the 
moneys  arising  from  these  sales  to  open  the  streets  and  lanes  of  the  town  and  to 
clean  the  land  of  timber  and  lease  the  same. 

These  duties  haying  been  performed,  the  act  empowered  the  people  to  elect 
a  board  of  county  commissioners  at  the  October  election,  1808,  when  the  powers 
of  the  commissioners  of  Lycoming  county  over  Tioga  should  cease;  but  the  court 
of  Lycoming  county  was  required  to  appoint  auditors  from  time  to  time  to  audit 
the  accounts  until  the  new  county  was  entitled  to  exercise  full  judicial  privileges. 
The  costs  of  laying  out  and  opening  roads,  and  of  criminal  prosecutions  and  other 
incidental  expenses  relative  to  Tioga,  were  to  be  paid  by  the  treasurer  of  Tioga  on 
orders  drawn  by  the  commissioners  of  Lycoming  county  and  countersigned  by  the 
commissioners  of  Tioga. 

ACTIVITY    OF    JIOHKIS. 

While  negotiations  were  pending  for  the  location  of  the  new  town,  Morris  and 
his  friends  were  not  idle.  As  soon  as  the  act  of  March  21,  1806,  fixing  the  seat  of 
justice,  had  become  a  law,  Morris  proceeded  to  announce  the  sale  of  lots.  The 
following  advertisement  appeared  in  the  Lycoming  Gazette,  under  date  of  Novem- 
ber 13,  1806,  offering  superior  inducements  to  purchasers: 

Lots  and  Lands  in  and  near  Wellslorough,  the  County  Town  of  Tioga,  State  of  Pennsylvania, 

for  sale. 

The  County  Town  of  Tioga,  called  Wellsborough,  having  been  established  by  an  act  of 
the  Legislature,  on  that  part  of  the  lands  of  the  subscriber  on  which  he  resides,  and  he  be- 
ing desirous  that  the  county  should  be  as  early  as  possible  entitled  by  its  population  to  a 
separate  representation  in  the  Legislature,  offers  to  the  first  ten  families  who  shall  pur- 
chase and  reside  in  the  said  County  Town,  the  following  advantageous  terms,  etc. 

Their  choice  of  one  lot  each,  at  twenty  dollars,  situate  in  such  part  of  the  town  as 
they  shall  select;  every  lot  is  sixty  feet  front  and  250  in  depth;  and  also  the  privilege 
of  purchasing  an  out  lot  of  fifty  acres  adjoining  to  the  town,  at  two  dollars  and  fifty 
cents  per  acre,  payable  in  four,  five  and  six  years,  the  first  three  without  interest.  The 
proprietors  of  the  lands  [Pine  Creek  Land  Company]  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  also  offer 
to  the  first  ten  families,  so  purchasing  and  residing,  the  privilege  of  accommodating 
themselves  with  Farms  of  from  100  to  200  acres  at  the  same  price  of  two  dollars  and  fifty 
cents  per  acre,  and  on  the  same  terms  of  payment. 

The  town  of  Wellsborough  is  laid  out  on  the  same  plan  as  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and 
near  the  center  of  the  new  county,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  large  body  of  lands  of  the  first 
quality.  A  grist  mill,  a  saw  mill,  and  a  store,  are  situated  within  one  mile  of  the  town, 
and  the  State  road  to  the  Genesee  country  passes  through  it.  For  more  particular  in- 
formation apply  to 

Benjamin  W.  Mobris, 
On  the  premises,  or  to 
Samuel  W.  Fisher, 

In  Philadelphia. 
November  13, 1806.  ^ 

Compared  with  the  price  of  land  here  to-day,  the  above  offer  is  calculated 
to  excite  surprise  at  its  cheapness  ninety  years  ago.  And  it  shows,  also,  the  great 
appreciation  in  values  during  that  period — an  advance  that  mounts  up  into  a  high 
percentage. 


COUNIY  OBQANIZAXIOX  COMPLSTBS.  75 

The  act  of  February  1,  1808,  authorized  the  appointment  of  James  Dixon, 
of  Delaware,  and  Samuel  \\  ells  Morris,  of  Wellsboro,  trustees,  in  place  of  William 
lillifl,  deceased,  and  William  Hill  Wells,  who  had  resigned  and  settled  at  Trenton. 
The  act  conferred  upon  Dixon,  Morris  and  Fleming,  the  same  powers  that  had  been 
exercised  by  the  original  board. 

DELMAB    TOWNSHIP    FOBMED. 

It  has  been  shown  in  Chapter  Hi.  when  Tioga  township  was  sui  oh  from 
Lycommg.  In  all  previously  publisheu  lustories  ol  Tioga  county  u  is  stated  that 
Delinar  was  formed  by  dividuig  iidga  in  i»U8.  lino  is  incorrect,  in  the  records 
of  May  seBsions,  1805,  is  this  entry:  "'fetition  to  divide  Tioga  township  granted  by 
the  court  as  per  petition  filed.  The  coui-t  appointed  W'ilham  lienjamin  to  run 
the  township  line."  The  decree  for  the  division  of  Tioga  township  was  made  by 
Judge  Wilham  Hepburn,  sitting  at  Williaiuspoi-t,  where  all  the  judicial  business  of 
Tioga  county  was  transacted  until  the  close  of  181^.  in  Benjamin?  report  he 
says:  "Began  at  the  i)'6d  mile-stone,  on  the  A'ew  York  State  line;  theuee  south 
twenty-five  miles  to  the  Brier  Hills,  and  thence  to  the  line  of  Miillin  and  Lycoiuing 
townships,"  in  Lycoming  county. 

This  is  positive  and  official  evidence  that  Delmar  was  created  in  180.3.  At 
that  time  Tioga  township  embraced  the  whole  of  Tioga  county,  and  as  Delmar 
was  the  name  of  the  divided  portion  of  the  original  township,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  its  organization  was  authorized  at  this  time.  Delmar  was  not  interfered  with 
until  1814,  nine  years  after  its  creation,  when  Dueifield  and  Elklaml  tiiwnshipa 
were  set  off.  When  this  division  was  made,  in  181-1,  the  surveyor  drew  a  draft  of 
Delmar,  as  it  appeared  when  dismembered,  wliich  is  now  on  tile  at  Wellsboro.  The 
eastern  line  commenced  at  the  93d  mile-stone,  on  the  New  York  boundary  line,  and 
extended  south  to  the  line  of  Lycoming  county.  The  western  boundary  was  the  I'utli-r 
county  line,  which  commences  at  the  ll.'ith  niile-stone.  The  township,  by  this  • 
measurement,  was  twenty-two  by  thirty-one  miles,  almost  S(|uare,  and  contained 
082  square  miles,  or  43(1,480  acres.  As  the  entire  county  i.s  shown  to  have  but 
719,360  acres,  it  will  be  seen  that  Delmar  was  then  much  larger  than  Tioga,  the 
parent  township. 

We  have  further  evidence  that  Delmar  was  a  township  before  the  time  (1808) 
assigned  for  its  beginning  in  previous  histories  of  the  county.  In  a  little  book 
containing  a  record  of  orders  issued  by  the  commissioners  of  Lycoming  county  in 
1807,  we  have  the  following: 

July  0,  1807,  John  Norrls  and  Timothy  Coats,  supervisors  of  roads  for  Delmar  town- 
ship.   Road  tax  on  unseated  lands  for  the  year  1807,  on  account  Tioga  county  : 

Order  No.  96 »60  00 

Order  No.  07, 60  00 

Order  No.  98 50  00 

Order  No.  99 60  00 

Order  No.  100 137  69 

Order  No.  101 200  00 

Order  No.  102 100  00 

Order  No.  108 21  69 

ToUl t'''-''  88 


76  HISTOKT     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

It  does  not  appear  why  these  eight  different  orders  should  be  issued  on  the 
same  day — July  6,  1807.  But  they  show  very  clearly  that  a  township  organization 
existed  in  the  first  half  of  1807.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  township 
machinery  was  started  in  1806  and  w^as  fairly  in  running  order  in  1807. 

Immediately  following  the  foregoing  road  tax  orders  is  No.  104,  which  reads 
as  follows: 

July  6,  1807,  Timothy  Coats  in  full  for  one  full  grown  wolf  head,  certified  by  John 
Norris,  Esq.,  Tioga  county,  $8.00. 

The  securing  of  wolf  and  panther  scalps,  and  the  collection  of  the  bounties 
thereon,  was  one  of  the  industries  of  the  pioneers  in  those  days;  and,  as  has  been 
shown  elsewhere,  it  amounted  to  a  handsome  sum  in  the  aggregate.  Norris  and 
Coats,  as  road  supervisors,  had  an  excellent  opportunity  to  acq\iire  a  few  dollars 
in  this  line,  as  the  country  was  wild  and  these  animals  were  among  its  principal 
productions. 

FIEST    COMMISSrONEES. 

At  the  October  election  of  1808  the  first  commissioners  for  Tioga  county 
were  chosen.  The  board  consisted  of  Nathan  Niles,  Caleb  Boyer,  and  Ira  Kilburn. 
The  board  does  not  seem  to  ha-\  e  done  much  the  first  year,  probably  on  account  of 
the  unsettled  condition  of  affairs  with  reference  to  Lycoming  county. 

One  of  their  first  acts— the  first  of  any  importance — which  is  found  entered  on 
the  minute  book,  still  preserved  in  the  office,  is  dated  June  23,  1809,  and  reads  as 
follows : 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  at  the  house  of  David  Lindsay  it  was  resolved  that 
every  person  who  purchases  a  lot  in  the  town  of  Wellsborough  shall  be  obliged  to  build  a 
house  fit  for  a  family  to  dwell  in ;  and  at  the  time  of  the  purchaser's  receiving  his  deed 
he  shall  sign  an  article  with  the  commissioners  which  shall  compel  him  to  build  his 
house  within  the  term  of  one  year  from  the  time  he  engages  his  lot. 

Nathan  Niles, 
Caleb  Boyee, 

lEA  KiLBUEN, 

Com. 

This  was  an  imperative  order,  and  was  probably  made  for  the  purpose  of 
preventing  speculators  from  bujang  the  lots  and  then  holding  them  for  an  advance 
in  prices.  It  was  particularly  desirable  to  have  lona  fide  settlers  in  order  to  build 
up  the  town  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

In  1809  the  board  consisted  of  George  Hart,  Nathan  Niles,  and  Uriah 
Spencer,  Kilbum  having  retired  at  the  end  of  one  year.  At  a  meeting  held 
January  1,  1810,  it  was  resolved  by  the  board  "that  the  sum  of  $1,773  appears 
to  us  to  be  necessary  to  meet  the  current  expenses  of  the  ensuing  year,  and  that 
it  is  necessary  to  lay  the  rates,  both  on  real  and  personal  property  made  taxable, 
at  three-fourths  of  a  cent  on  each  dollar  of  the  present  valuation."  This  estimate 
is  officially  signed  by  the  board,  and  compared  with  the  annual  estimates  of  to-day 
it  will  surprise  the  commissioners  as  well  as  the  taxpayers. 


COUNTY    OBGAXIZATION    COMPLETED. 


EAELY     FINANCIAL     STATEMENTS. 

The  general  expenses  of  Tioga  county  in  account  with  the  funds  of  said  countj', 
commencing  November  30,  1808,  and  ending  October  5,  1809,  shows  her  financial 
condition  the  first  year  her  commissioners  had  charge  of  county  affairs.  The 
statement  as  printed  in  the  Lycoming  Gazette  of  that  year  is  as  follows: 

Dr. 

To  sundry  incidental  expenses, $13  00 

To  East  and  West  road 3  75 

To  Ira  Kilburn,  commissioner, 77  19 

To  John  Norris,  for  clerk  hire, 133  22 

To  Nathan  Niles,  commissioner, 81  33 

To  supervisors  of  Tioga  township 358  39 

To  Caleb  Boyer,  commissioner 5  33 

To  Samuel  W.  Morris,  treasurer 106  54 

To  total  expenses  of  East  and  West  road, 2,416  49 

To  wolf  and  panther  heads, 144  00 

To  expenses  of  assessment, 22  00 

To  supervisors  of  Delmar  township, 172  20 

Total $3,833  44 

Contra — Cr. 

By  the  tax  on  unseated  lands  for  Delumr  township  for  the  ^ear  ISUU, $051   llVi 

By  road  tax  for  the  year  1809 051  liy. 

By  the  tax  upon  unseated  lands  for  Tioga  township  for  the  year  lso'.» 540  57 

By  road  taxes S'"'  ^' 

By  the  amount  of   taxes   ou   the  seated  lands,   and   other  taxable   property 

of  Delmar  township  tor  the  year  1809,   181  lio^j 

By  the  amount  of   taxes   on   the   seated   lands,   and   other   taxable   property 

of  Tioga  township  for  the  year  1809 1S2  28 

Balance i-i''''  1^% 

Total $3,833  44 


The  amount  of  orders  issued  by  the  commissioners  from  Xovembf r  30,  1808,  to 
October  5, 1809,  which  follows  the  above  expense  account,  shows  a  total  of  $3,U'J7.21. 
It  is  interesting  to  look  over  this  itemized  account.  There  are  many  orders  for  work 
on  the  roads — in  fact  the  bulk  of  the  disbursements  was  for  work  of  this  kind.  The 
fact  that  fierce  wild  animals  abounded  at  that  time  is  evidenced  by  the  payment  of 
$(;i  for  eight  panthers  heads,  and  $7;'  for  tho  heads  of  nine  wolves.  Eight  dollars 
per  head  was  the  bounty  paid  for  the  dustniction  of  these  animals.  John  Norris, 
whom  it  seems  was  called  upon  in  those  early  days  to  fill  many  offices,  was  paid 
$tiO  for  clerk's  waj;us,  and  he  received  if-iTO  for  performing  the  duties  of  super- 
visor. Aaron  Bloss,  the  founder  of  Blossbiirg,  was  paid  $50  for  serving  as  super- 
visor also.  Eoads  were  in  their  primitive  condition  at  that  time,  and  many  were 
little  better  than  Indian  paths. 

The  account  of  Sanniel  Wells  Morris,  the  first  treasurer  of  the  county,  com- 
mencing October  20, 1808,  and  ending  October  5.  18U1»,  contrasts  strangely  with  sim- 
ilar statements  of  to-day.  It  was  published  in  the  Lycoming  Guzelte  of  Decenihtr 
13,  1809,  and  is  as  follows: 


78  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Dr. 
To  amount  of  taxes  received  on  unseated  lands,. 

Ditto,  of  collectors,  

Sale  of  town  lots  and  lands 


Balance  due  treasurer. 


Contra — Cr. 

By  amount  of  orders  paid 

By  amount  of  orders  paid, 

Salary,      


$97  63 

124 

3S 

188 

71 

$413  69 

93 

13 

$503 

81 

$379  67 

49 

14 

75 

00 

$503  81 

Two  of  the  commissioners,  Nathan  Niles  and  Ira  Kilbum,  certify  that  they 
have  examined  the  account  of  the  treasurer  and  find  it  correct,  whereupon  they 
set  their  hands  and  seals.  The  statement  is  also  attested  by  John  Norris,  the  first 
clerk  of  the  board.  Compared  with  the  pay  of  the  county  treasurer  of  to-day, 
the  salary  of  $75  paid  Treasurer  Morris  eighty-eight  years  ago  sounds  strange. 
To-day  the  office  is  probably  worth  $3,500  to  the  incumbent,  and  the  increase 
shows  the  advance  in  material  development  and  prosperity. 

Nothing  further  of  importance  is  found  on  the  minute  book  until  we  come  to 
1813,  when  the  following  itemized  estimate  of  expenses  for  1813  appears: 

COMMISSIONEE'S  OFFICE,  Nov.  5,  ISlg. 

Memorandum  of  the  probable  expenses  of  the  county  of  Tiog-a  for  the  year  1813,  done 
by  the  board  of  commissioners  at  this  meeting',  viz: 

Boards  and  work  for  court  room, $100  00 

Four  grand  juries,  34  men,  three  days  each, 200  00 

Four  common  juries,  36  men,  four  days  each / 576  OO 

Wood,  candles,  crier,  etc.,  for  court, XOO  00 

Prothonotary  and  commissioners  office,  to  be  built 300  00 

Commissioners  and  clerk's  wages, 40o  oO 

Treasurer's  salary,   400  00 

Wolf  and  panther  scalps 30o  oO 

J^il  *ees 50  00 

Viewing  roads 100  00 

Building  of  a  jail '  400  00 

Assessors   wages,  30  00 

Seals  for  the  diif erent  offices 60  00 

'^°*^' •■ $3,016  00 

One  cent-  on  the  dollar  was  laid.  The  estimate  is  signed  by  Eddy  Rowland 
alone,  as  commissioner,  and  attested  by  John  Norris,  clerk. 

The  minute  books  of  the  commissioners,  from  1815  to  1820,  are  missing,  so 
that  a  detailed  statement  of  the  financial  transactions  of  those  years  cannot  be 
given.  From  the  journals,  however,  the  following  figures,  representing  expendi- 
tures for  the  years  named,  have  been  gathered: 


CODXTT    ORGAXIZATION   COMPLETED. 


1814 $3,514 

1815, 4,725 

1825 4,937 

1826, 8,080 


1827 $6,130 

1828 6,350 

1829, 7,480 

1830 7,505 


A  published  statement  of  the  quota  of  taxes  for  the  several  townships  in  the 
county  for  the  year  1819 — found  in  a  copy  of  the  Lycoming  Gazette  of  ^larch  10, 
1819,  supplies,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  missing  information  for  one  of  the  years  in 
the  above  table.    It  is  as  follows: 


Township.  Improved.  Un.'enlcd.  Total  amt. 

Delmar,    $254  30  $1,095  35  $1,349  65 

Deerfield 184  73  326  12  469  86 

Elkland 102  06  252  40  354  46 

Lawrence 149  66  134  17  283  83 

Tioga 95  83  141  04  236  87 

Covington,    120  38  506  28  i.L'C,  65 

Sullivan, 8fi  19  :MT  81  4-'7  .".0 

Jackson,     4 'J  19  203  76  252  95 

$3,991  77 
AsBessments  on  the  unseated  lands,  as  returned  by  the  supervisors  of  roads 

for  the  year  1819 1,841  43 

Total $5,833  20 

The  statement  of  orders  issued  by  the  commissioners,  from  Si])ti'mber  LS, 
1817,  to  September  19,  1818,  shows  a  total  of  $.3,913.00.  Among  the  items  is  one 
of  $566  for  grand  and  traverse  jurors,  this  being  thu  largest  .'ium  paid  by  the 
county  for  any  single  purpose,  except  for  payments  made  tu  sujjcrvisor;;,  which  was 
$1,811.43.  I'or  panther  and  wolve.'*  heads  $136  was  paid.  CandUs  for  the  otlioe.s 
cost  $4,  and  $142.87  was  paid  for  wood  i'or  the  offices  and  jail.  Stmionery  cost 
$10,  and  John  M.  lulburn  received  $'27  for  serving  a^  court  crier.  Public  printing 
cost  $45,  and  William  Patton,  the  first  resident  lawyer,  was  paid  $r2.54  counsel 
fees.  The  total  pay  of  the  three  eoiiiinissioners  for  the  year  was  $373,  and  the 
liij,'hest  amount  paid  was  $I.)1  to  John  Kno.x;  the  other  two  reeeived,  respectively, 
$120  and  $10:3. 

The  earlier  growth  of  the  county  was  slow.  In  1800  the  census  returns 
showed  122  taxables,  scattered  aloiic  the  valleys  of  the  Tioga  and  fouainHque 
rivers.  In  1804,  when  the  county  was  created,  it  had  a  population  of  about  .sOO 
souls.  In  1820,  the  census  returns  show  4,13-2  inhabitants.  Ten  years  later  t.he 
number  was  9,071,  an  increase  of  4,9.1!1.  In  ISIO  the  population  wa.s  15,4'J.S;  in 
1850,  23,987;    1860,  31,121:    1S70,  3.3.097:    ISSO,  4.-.,S14,  and  ISOO,  .33,313. 

With  the  increase  in  population  came  a  proportionate  increase  in  wealth. 
Year  by  year  the  area  of  cleared  land  was  eiilai^'ed,  and  a  better  class  of  farm  houses 
replaced  the  log  cal)iiis  of  the  lirst  settlers.  Villa.^'cs  and  t^wns  sprung;  up,  and 
new  industrial  enterprises  were  estalili^hed.  Then  came  the  railroad,  the  develop- 
ment of  the  coal  deiiosjis,  and  a  greater  activity  in  all  departments  of  industry. 
The  result  is  the  county  of  to-day,  rich,  prosperous  and  progressive,  witli  a  yast  to 
be  proud  of  and  a  future  promising  .'till  greater  achievements. 


CHAPTEE  YII. 

EAELY   COURTS   AND    CASES. 

Arrests  and  Trials  Under  the  Intrusion  Law— The  Case  of  Ezra  Spaulding 
— History  of  the  Defendant— Other  Tioga  SETTiiERs  Indicted— Firs  t 
Courts  of  Tioga  County— Docket  Entries— A  Horse  Thief  Convicted— 
Six  Magisterial  Districts  Established— The  Great  Slave  Hunt— Impor- 
tant County  Records  Stolen— An  Obdurate  Judge. 


DUEING  the  years  preceding  1813,  when  the  several  courts  of  Tioga  county 
were  organized,  jurisdiction,  both  civil  and  criminal,  was  exercised  over  its 
territory  and  its  inhabitants  by  the  courts  of  Lycoming  county.  The  earliest  in- 
dictments found  and  cases  tried  were  those  brought  against  claimants  under  Con- 
necticut titles,  who  had  located  on  lands  within  the  boundaries  of  what  was  then 
Tioga  township,  in  violation  of  the  Intrusion  Law.  These  offenders  were  merci- 
lessly prosecuted  and,  in  many  instances  persecuted,  by  rapacious,  grasping  and 
greedy  land  sharks,  losing  not  only  their  invested  means,  but  the  homes  and  im- 
provements that  represented  years  of  toil  in  the  midst  of  a  dense  wilderness. 

One  of  these  offenders  "against  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  Commonwealth" 
was  a  settler  named  Ezra  Spaulding,  the  history  of  whose  indictment,  trial  and 
conviction  is  gathered  from  the  little  book  quoted  from  in  a  preceding  chapter.  In 
this  book,  as  a  part  of  the  docket  of  the  court  of  quarter  sessions  of  Lycoming  county, 
for  the  September  term,  1798,  is  a  record  of  the  indictment  of  Ezra  Spaulding  for 
violating  the  Intrusion  Law,  by  settling  on  a  tract  of  300  acres  of  land  lying  in 
Tioga  township.  The  following  indorsement  appears  on  the  back  of  the  indict- 
ment, which  is  still  preserved: 

And  now,  to  wit:  At  September  session,  1798,  defendant  in  his  person  pleaded  that 
the  tract  of  land  of  which  he  is  alleged  to  have  taken  possession  with  force  of  arms,  etc., 
and  by  virtue  of  neither  color  of  a  title  or  conveyance  of  a  half  share,  etc.,  derived  from 
the  Commonwealth,  nor  of  the  late  proprietors  before  the  Eevolution,  is  not  in  the 
county  of  Lycoming. 

Under  this  indorsement  is  another  from  Deputy  Attorney  General  Jared  Inger- 
soU,  in  these  words:  "It  is  [in  Lycoming]  and  defendant  stood  indicted."  The 
case,  however,  did  not  come  to  trial  at  this  term.  The  record  shows  that  it  was 
put  off  to  the  next  term  on  Spaulding  being  held  "in  £100  in  his  own  recognizance," 
and  John  Mitehelltree  entered  as  bail  for  his  appearance  in  the  sum  of  £50. 
Gershom  Gillet,  Jonas  Geer,  John  Shader,  and  Moses  Emerson  were  held  "in  £50 
each  for  their  appearance  at  the  next  court  of  quarter  sessions,"  as  witnesses. 
At  the  December  sessions  it  was  continued  until  February,  1799,  and  at  the  Feb- 


/  ^■,. '.V  ?. 


EABLY    COUBTS    AND    CASES.  81 

rtmry  sessions  until  April,  when,  according  to  an  entry  in  the  docket,  Gillet, 
Geer  and  Shader  "made  default,  and  recognizance  forfeited."  Emerson  appears 
to  have  been  present.  The  case  was  again  continued,  the  defendant  and  John 
Newell,  his  surety,  each  renewing  their  bonds  in  £100  for  their  appearance  at  the 
next  court. 

The  case  finally  came  up  for  trial  at  September  sessions,  1799,  all  the  parties, 
according  to  the  record,  being  present.  The  verdict,  as  entered  on  the  docket, 
reads: 

And  now  to  wit:  The  5th  of  September,  1799,  a  jury  of  the  country  being  called,  came  to 
wit:  Henry  Antes,  James  Stewart,  John  McCormiek,  George  Crane,  Mathew  Adams.  John 
Sutton,  Stephen  Duncan,  Thomas  Keed,  John  B.  Culbertson,  Robert  Crawford,  Robert 
Hamilton,  and  Daniel  Doane,  who  being  duly  impanelled,  ballotted  lor  and  sworn, 
on  their  oaths  do  say  that  they  find  Ezra  Spaulding  guilty  in  manner  and  form  as  he 
stands  indicted.  Judgment:  That  he  pay  a  fine  of  $300,  one-half  of  which  to  be  for  the 
use  of  the  informer,  and  the  other  for  the  use  of  the  county;  pay  the  costs  of  prosecution, 
undergo  imprisonment  for  two  calendar  months,  and  stand  convicted  until  the  sentence  is 
complied  with. 

All  of  these  jurymen,  with  possibly  one  or  two  exceptions,  dwelt  along  the 
river  only  a  few  miles  from  Williainsport.  Antts,  who  appears  as  foreman,  was 
the  celebrated  Col.  John  Henry  Autos,  who  built  tlie  stockade  furt  at  the  mouth 
of  Antes  creek.  Stewart  was  a  brother  of  Siiinuel  Stewart,  the  first  slicriff  of 
Lycoming  county,  and  Thomas  Hood  resided  on  what  is  now  the  site  of  the  city  of 
Lock  Haven.  Crawford  and  Hamilton  lived  neiir  the  river  in  what  is  Pine  Creek 
township,  Clinton  county.  Sutton  lived  on  Lycoming  creek,  and  hi.'*  farm  is  now 
within  the  present  limits  of  Willi umsport  and  is  partly  built  upon.  Several  of 
the  others  were  equally  as  prominent  as  those  referred  to. 

HISTORY     OF     THE     DEFENDANT. 

That  Ezra  Spaulding  was  a  badly  abused  man  there  is  conclusive  evidence, 
and  the  reader  will  naturally  inquire  who  he  was  and  whence  he  came.  Eev.  David 
Craft,  in  his  "History  of  Bradford  County."  (p.  29-1),  informs  us  that  he  settled  in 
what  is  now  Canton  township  in  irOG.  The  territory  then  belonged  to  Lycoming 
county.  Spaulding  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1754,  and  received  a  good  common 
school  education.  He  also  studied  navigation  and  surveying,  until  he  became 
well  versed  in  those  subjects,  but  never  had  much  practice  in  either.  He  was 
brought  up  a  farmer,  and  became  one  of  the  best  in  the  county  where  he  resided. 
In  1776  he  enlisted  in  the  Continental  army,  served  three  months,  and  in  a  short 
time  his  country  again  called  for  his  services  and  he  promptly  responded,  serving 
nine  months  in  the  militia  and  receiving  his  discharge  in  the  fall  of  1777.  He 
returned  to  his  father's  farm  and  remained  there  until  1793,  when  he  removed  to 
Springfield,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  bought  a  farm  and  worked  it  about  three 
years.  Continued  sickness  in  his  family,  however,  made  it  necessary  for  him  to 
sell  out  and  leave  that  part  of  the  country,  which  he  did,  removing  to  Sheshequin 
in  the  fall  of  179.").     He  left  hia  family  there  during  the  following  winter,  and 


g2  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


with  his  son,  Horace,  went  to  Canton  and  located  a  farm  under  the  Connecticut 

title. 

He  built  a  log  cabin  near  Towanda  creek,  chopped  a  fallow  of  about  four  acres, 
and  then  returned  to  Sheshequin  for  his  family,  and  in  the  month  of  February 
moved  his  goods  to  his  new  home  on  an  ox  sled,  while  his  family  were  transported 
in  a  sleigh  drawn  by  horses.  They  made  the  trip  in  about  four  days,  picking 
their  way  through  the  woods  and  frequently  being  compelled  to  stop  to  clear  out  a 
road  for  the  teams. 

His  family  consisted  of  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  viz:  Horace,  William, 
Lucy,  Betsy  and  Delight.  Besides  these  there  were  two  negro  slaves,  who  came 
from  Connecticut — Beulah  and  her  son,  Caesar.  Mr.  Spaulding  suffered  all  the 
inconveniences  of  living  in  a  new  country,  and  endured  many  privations.  He 
could  raise  no  more  grain  than  was  needed  for  the  sustenance  of  the  family,  while 
maple  sugar  was  the  only  product  with  which  to  buy  groceries  and  clothing,  glass, 
nails,  etc.,  and  Tioga  Point  or  William  sport  were  the  nearest  places  at  which  they 
could  do  their  trading.  The  latter  place  was  less  than  forty  miles  away,  but  the 
road  or  path  down  Lycoming  creek  was  rough  and  narrow,  the  stream  had  to  be 
forded  many  times,  and  the  gloom  caused  by  the  thick  forests  of  pine,  hemlock 
and  overhanging  vines,  was  not  inviting. 

When  he  purchased  his  Connecticut  right  Mr.  Spaulding  supposed  he  had 
a  ^ood  title  to  his  farm,  but  when  the  question  of  title  began  to  be  raised  he  was, 
at  the  suggestion  of  a  neighbor  who  had  been  an  inmate  of  his  house,  sued  for 
a  small  debt,  the  summons  being  returnable  to  Kewberry,  before  'Squire  Eobert 
Martin.    While  there  he  was  arrested  and  tried  under  the  "Intrusion  Law." 

After  his  trial  and  conviction  he  served  his  time  in  the  little  log  jail  at 
Williamsport,  and  gave  security  for  the  payment  of  his  fine.  During  the  time  he 
was  imprisoned  a  gentleman  visited  his  family,  and,  on  hearing  the  history  of  the 
case,  said  that  he  would  aid  Mr.  Spaulding  in  obtaining  the  Pennsylvania  title 
from  the  Asylum  Company.  The  Pennamite  party,  who  had  instituted  the  prose- 
cution, enraged  at  Mr.  Spaulding's  return  to  his  old  home,  and  his  persistency  in 
holding  to  his  Connecticut  title,  determined  to  drive  him  from  the  country.  The 
payment  of  his  iine  was  demanded,  and  in  default,  SherifE  John  Cummings,  of 
Lycoming  county,  levied  on  all  his  property,  which  he  sold,  and  then  set  fire  to 
his  house  and  burned  it  to  the  groimd,  and  his  family,  in  the  beginning  of  winter, 
were  left  homeless  and  shelterless.  A  friend  bought  in  his  property  and  left  it  at 
his  disposal,  and  as  the  season  was  too  late  to  build,  he  accepted  the  offer  of  a  small 
log  house  that  stood  near  by.  About  a  year  after  he  built  a  large  house,  which  he 
made  a  place  of  entertainment  and  kept  it  for  many  years.  It  stood  on  the  public 
road  leading  from  Williamsport  to  Elmira  and  became  a  famous  landmark. 
Everybody  knew  Ezra  Spaulding,  and  made  it  a  point,  when  traveling,  to  tarry 
over  night  at  his  house.  In  1801  he  obtained  a  lease  of  the  Asylum  Company 
for  his  farm,  which  was  resurveyed  in  1804,  and  conveyed  to  him  in  legal  form. 

Ezra  Spaulding  surmounted  all  his  trials,  tribulations  and  persecutions; 
founded  a  home  of  comfort,  and  died  in  December,  1828,  in  his  seventy-fourth 
year.  His  eldest  son,  Horace,  lived  to  be  almost  one  himdred  years  old,  dying  only 
a  few  years  ago. 


EABLT    C0UKT8   AND   CASES.  83 


OTHER    TIOGA    SETTLEES    IXDICTED. 

A  number  of  the  early  settlers  of  Tioga  county  were  prosecuted  under  the 
Intrusion  Law  and  tried  at  Williamsport,  but  they  fared  better  than  Ezra  Spauld- 
ing.  They  were  among  the  first  representative  settlers  on  the  Tioga  and  Cowan- 
esque  rivers  and  many  of  their  descendants  live  in  Tioga  county  to-day.  An  old 
indictment  tried  before  May  sessions  in  1797,  foimd  among  the  papers  when  the 
little  book  previously  spoken  of  was  discovered,  reads  as  follows: 

The  grand  inquest  for  the  body  of  the  county  of  Lycoming  npon  their  oaths  and 
affirmations  respectfully  do  present:  That  Benjamin  Cole,  Leonard  Cole,  Michael  Eidy, 
Abel  Cady,  Thomas  Willson,  Sr.,  Thomas  Willson,  Daniel  Ingersole,  Nathan  Niles,  Uriah 
Spencer,  Benjannin  Corey,  Samuel  Patterson,  Timothy  Ives,  Titus  Ives,  Reuben  Cook, 
Joseph  Mathews,  Benajah  Ives,  Gideon  Salisbury,  Barret  Montgomery  Ingersole,  John  Holi. 
day,  Jacobus  Van  Camp,  Richard  Mitchell  and  John  Ives,  all  of  the  county  of  Lycoming  afore- 
said, yeoman,  and  within  the  jurisdiction  of  this  court,  with  force  and  arms,  etc.,  at  the 
township  of  Lycoming,  in  the  county  aforesaid,  did  take  possession  of,  intrude  and  settle 
on  lands  within  the  limits  of  the  now  County  of  Lycoming  (formerly  Northumberland 
county)  by  virtue  and  under  color  of  conveyances  of  half-price  rights  or  from  other  pre- 
tended title  neither  derived  from  the  authority  of  the  commonwealth,  nor  of  the  late 
proprietaries  before  the  Bevolution,  contrary  to  the  form  of  the  act  of  general  assembly 
of  this  commonwealth  in  such  case  made  and  provided,  and  against  the  peace  and  dignity 
of  the  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

Jabed  Ingehsoli,, 
Attorney  Oeneral. 

The  indictment  is  indorsed:  "A  true  bill,  John  Cummings,"  and  was  found 
by  the  grand  jury  at  May  sessions,  1797.  The  trial  of  these  parties  took  place 
at  September  sessions,  1798,  and  the  verdict  was  as  follows: 

And  now,  to  wit:  A  jury  of  the  country  being  called  came  to  wit:  John  Lawson, 
Matthew  Armstrong,  James  Burchfield,  Joel  Ferree,  James  McCuen,  James  Bennet,  John 
Hall,  Samuel  Torbet,  Matthew  Luch,  John  Hamilton,  John  Bennet,  and  Thomas  Wenter- 
ringer,  who  being  sworn  and  returned  upon  their  oaths  do  say  that  they  find  the  defend- 
ants not  guilty. 

The  suit  was  brought  in  the  name  of  the  "Republica,"  which  was  then  used 
in  place  of  "Commonwealth"  of  to-day,  but  the  names  of  the  witnesses  or  prose- 
cutors do  not  appear  in  the  record. 

On  the  back  of  the  indictment,  which  is  still  in  existence,  and  opposite  the 
name  of  each  party,  the  number  of  miles  the  constable  had  to  travel  from  Williams- 
port  to  serve  the  summons  is  recorded.  The  mileage  is  given  herewith:  The  two 
Coles,  Eidy,  Cady.  and  Willson,  have  each  sixty-six  miles  charged  against  them; 
Patterson  has  sixty-eight;  the  two  Ives',  Barret  M.  Ingersole  and  Holiday,  sixty; 
Salisbury,  sixty-four;  Daniel  Ingersole  and  Xathan  Xiles,  sixty-three;  Reuben 
Cook  and  Benajah  and  Titus  Ivce,  fifty-seven;  Richard  Mitchell,  fifty-six;  VanCamp, 
fifty-five,  and  Benjamin  Corey,  forty-nine.  The  la.«t  lived  the  nearest  to  Williams- 
port,  according  to  the  constable's  reckoning,  his  place  being  at  the  mouth  of  Corey 
creek,  on  tlie  site  of  Mansfield.  The  route  traveled  by  the  constable  was  by  the 
Williamson  road,  there  not  being  another  road  opened  at  that  time,     .\fter  being 


84  HISTOKT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


compelled  to  travel  this  long  distance  to  be  tried  under  the  Intrusion  Law,  passed 
at  the  instance  of  rapacious  land  speculators,  it  is  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  their 
descendants  to  know  that  they  were  acquitted  and  returned  home  in  triumph. 

FIEST    COUKTS    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Although  Tioga  county  was  erected  March  26,  1804,  it  remained  attached  to 
Lycoming  county  for  judicial  purposes  for  more  than  eight  years.  All  its  civil 
business  was  transacted  in  Williamsport,  and  all  civil  and  criminal  processes  were 
issued  from  and  were- returnable  to  the  courts  of  Lycoming  county,  and  a  com- 
plete severance  was  not  effected  until  the  convening  and  formal  organization  of 
the  first  courts,  in  Wellsboro,  January  11,  1813.  The  opening  of  the  court  was 
an  event  of  more  than  ordinary  importance  and  it  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
entire  population  of  the  village. 

Prom  the  quarter  sessions  docket,  which  has  been  preserved,  it  is  learned 
that  Hon.  John  Bannister  Gibson  appeared  as  president  judge  to  open  the  new 
courts.  He  was  supported  by  Samuel  Wells  Morris  and  Ira  Kilburn  as  associates, 
but  the  records  are  silent  as  to  the  name  of  the  crier  who  made  the  official 
proclamation.  On  ascending  the  bench  Judge  Gibson  read  his  commission  to  show 
his  authority  for  appearing  there  to  open  the  first  court.  His  judicial  district 
was  composed  of  the  counties  of  Bradford,  Susquehanna,  Wayne  and  Tioga,  and 
was  the  eleventh  in  the  State.  When  he  had  finished  reading  his  commission, 
Henry  Wilson  arose  and  presented  his  commission  as  prosecuting  attorney,  by  ap- 
pointment of  the  attorney  general.  This  served  as  his  admission  to  the  bar  of  the 
new  court.  Several  attorneys  were  in  waiting.  Mr.  Wilson  then  arose  and  made 
a  motion  that  Eobert  McClure,  of  Williamsport,  be  admitted.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  three  lawyers  to  locate  in  Williamsport  in  1795,  and  therefore  had  been  a 
practicing  attorney  for  eighteen  years.  Having  been  formally  admitted  as  a 
member  of  the  bar  of  Tioga,  he  made  a  motion  for  the  admission  of  his  colleague, 
Francis  C.  Campbell,  also  of  Williamsport.  Ethan  Baldwin  was  admitted  at  the 
same  time.  These  were  the  first  attorneys  admitted.  It  is  regretted  that  nothing 
is  known  of  Henry  Wilson.  Whence  did  he  come?  Who  was  he,  and  where  did 
he  belong? 

The  ceremonies  of  admission  being  over,  Eddy  Howland  and  Timothy  Ives, 
commissioners,  informed  the  court  that  Samuel  W.  Morris,  who  was  elected  at  the 
general  election  held  in  1811  to  serve  three  years  as  a  commissioner,  desired 
to  resign,  as  he  had  been  elevated  to  the  bench.  The  court  therefore  appointed 
Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Morris.  Aside  from  some 
road  petitions  there  was  little  business  before  this  court.  Preliminary  steps,  how- 
ever, were  taken  towards  bringing  some  important  suits  at  the  next  term,  and 
this  was  why  the  attorneys  from  abroad  were  present. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  the  opening  of  the  court  was  regarded  as  such  an 
important  affair  that  the  event  was  celebrated  by  a  dance  in  the  evening  at  the 
tavern  kept  by  Alpheus  Cheney.  It  was  given  a  semi-official  character  by  the 
judge,  who  was  present  and  played  the  violin  for  the  dancers.  There  is  nothing 
on  record  to  show  that  the  dance  really  took  place  under  the  direction  of  his  honor. 


EABLY   C0UBT8   AND   CASES.  85 

hence  we  have  to  depend  on  the  tradition  alone.  It  was  well  understood,  how- 
ever, that  he  was  a  man  who  played  the  violin  and  loved  fim,  and  as  he  was  only  about 
thirty-three  years  of  age,  but  had  seen  much  of  frontier  life,  it  is  not  improbable  that 
he  joined  in  the  merry-making. 

In  visiting  this  addition  to  his  district  the  judge  came  via  Covington,  travel- 
ing over  what  was  known  as  the  "East  and  West  Eoad,"  which  came  direct  from 
Towanda,  where  he  then  probably  resided,  as  it  was  in  the  center  of  his  district. 

DOCKET      ENTBIES. 

At  the  April  sessions,  1813,  the  business  of  the  court  seems  to  have  been 
fairly  under  way.  The  first  case  called  was  that  of  Levi  Ives  vs.  James  Dickinson 
and  James  Matteson.  This  was  an  ejectment  suit,  and  the  sheriff's  returns  show 
that  on  March  17,  1813,  he  "served  the  writ  for  John  Ives,  Benjamin  Ives,  Roswell 
Ives,  John  Ives,  Jr.,  Jesse  Losey,  Samuel  Losey  and  iI(Dses  Caldwell."  A  con- 
tinuance was  held  until  the  November  term,  when  the  jury  returned  a  verdict 
for  the  defendants,  "plaintiff  to  pay  the  cost,  whereupon  judgment  ft.  fa 
sheriff  returns  that  he  took  the  body  of  Levi  Ives,  who  was  discharged  by  James 
Dickinson  and  James  Matteson."  Francis  C.  Campbell,  of  Williaiosport,  appeared  for 
the  plaintiff,  and  Ethan  Baldwin  for  the  defendants.  The  writ  was  one  growing 
out  of  land  troubles. 

The  second  case  was  the  trespass  suits  of  Abraham  Foster  vs.  David  and  Jere- 
miah Miller.    It  resulted  in  a  non-suit  being  entered  l>y  the  plaintiff. 

At  this  term  of  court  the  following  tavern  licenses  were  granted,  for  which 
the  prothonotary  charged  a  fee  of  $1.15:  Sarah  Kelsey,  widow,  on  Crooked  creek; 
John  C.  Youngman,  Nathaniel  Seely,  on  C'owanesque;  Asa  Mann,  Tioga  river; 
Jonathan  Matteson,  on  Cowanesque;  William  Willard,  Tioga  river;  Alpheus 
Cheney  and  Israel  Greenleaf,  Wellsboro;  Aaron  Hloss,  Rachel  Berry,  Oliver  Jen- 
nings, and  Adam  Hart,  on  the  Tioga  river. 

The  court  announced  that  "Aaron  Bloss  and  Adam  Hart,  and  all  others  who 
now  keep  tavern  under  former  licenses,  are  permitted  to  go  on  until  next  court, 
and  then  take  out  licenses  dated  at  the  April  term."  Licensee  previous  to  this 
date  had  been  granted  by  the  court  of  Lycoming  county. 

At  the  April  term,  1814,  the  grand  jury,  of  which  Luke  Scott  was  foreman, 
reported  "that  the  county  jail  is  sufficient  to  imprison  debtors  for  the  present." 
From  this  we  infer  that  it  was  not  in  very  good  condition  for  more  desperate 
characterB. 

A      HOBSE      THIEF      COyVICTED. 

At  the  August  term,  1814,  the  first  case  on  the  criminal  docket  was  that 
of  Samuel  L.  Jfills,  indicted  for  horse  stealing.  Nathan  Niles  was  foreman  of 
the  grand  jury.  On  beinp  arraigned  the  prisoner  pleaded  "not  puilty."  The  work 
of  impanelling  a  jury  was  proceeded  with  as  follows: 

1.  John  Hart,  2d,  5.  Daniel  Cummings, 

8.  Samuel  Carpenter,  6.  Benjamin  Lawrence, 

3.  Jonathan  Thorndike,  7.  Caleb  Austin. 

4.  Erastus  Nilua, 


86  HISTORY   OS   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


This  exhausted  the  panel,  whereupon  the  court  ordered  a  talis  de  circum- 
stantibus.  The  sheriff  summoned  and  returned  the  following  new  men  and  the 
jury  was  completed: 

8.  Cyrus  Wright,  11.  Israel  Bulkley, 

9.  Harris  Hotohkiss,  13.  Ichabod  Smith. 
10.  Elihu  Hill, 

The  prisoner  was  tried  and  convicted,  and  the  court  imposed  this  sentence: 

Samuel  L.  Mills  [shall]  undergo  a  confinement  in  the  goal  of  Tioga  county  for  the 
term  of  four  years,  and  that  he  be  kept  to  hard  labor,  fed  and  clothed  as  the  law  directs; 
that  he  pay  a  fine  of  eighty  dollars  to  the  commonwealth  and  restore  the  property,  pay 
the  cost  of  prosecution,  and  stand  committed  till  the  sentence  be  complied  with. 

And  the  court  further  directs,  that  the  confinement  and  labor  mentioned  in  this  sen- 
tence be  undergone  in  the  goal  and  penitentiary  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

At  this  term  of  court  the  grand  jury  reported  concerning  the  jail  as  follows: 
"We  have  viewed  the  prison  of  Tioga  county  and  say  it  is  in  no  manner  fit  for  the 
reception  and  safe  keeping  of  either  debtors  or  criminals." 

At  September  term,  1816,  May  term,  1817,  and  December  term,  1819,  Judge 
Thomas  Burnside,  of  Bellefonte,  presided.  He  was  assisted  by  associate  Judges 
Morris  and  Kilbum. 

SIX  MAGISTEKIAL  DISTRICTS  ESTABLISHED. 

According  to  a  minute  on  the  journal  of  the  commissioners,  dated  October  6, 
1814,  the  board  met  and  transacted  the  following  important  business: 

In  conformity  to  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  of  the  14th  day  of  March, 
1814,  making  it  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  of  Tioga  county  to  lay  ofE  the  said  county 
into  suitable  districts  for  the  appointment  of  a  competent  number  of  justices  of  the 
peace,  the  said  commissioners  having  met  on  the  day  and  place  aforesaid  do  resolve,  to 
wit: 

That  the  county  be  divided  into  six  districts  and  bounded  in  the  following  manner: 

The  township  of  Delmar  shall  be  a  district  and  numbered  one. 

The  township  of  Deerfield  shall  be  a  district  and  numbered  two. 

The  township  of  Elkland  shall  be  a  district  and  numbered  three. 

The  township  of  Tioga  shall  be  two  districts  and  numbered  four  and  five.  District 
number  four  shall  begin  at  the  ninety-third  mile-stone  on  the  State  line— thence  south 
ten  miles  and  310  perches  by  Elkland  township  to  the  line  of  Covington  township;  thence 
by  the  line  of  Covington  township,  east  six  and  a  half  miles;  thence  north  ten  miles  and 
310  perches  to  the  State  line;  thence  west  on  the  State  line  six  and  a  half  miles  to  the 
ninety-third  mile-stone,  the  place  of  beginning. 

District  number  five  shall  begin  at  the  eightieth  mile-stone  on  the  State  line;  thence 
south  six  degrees  east  by  the  line  of  Bradford  county  eleven  miles  to  a  post;  thence  west 
by  Covington  township  seven  and  a  half  miles  to  district  number  four,  before  described; 
thence  north  by  district  numbered  four,  ten  miles  and  310  perches  to  the  State  line- 
thence  east  on  the  State  line  six  and  a  half  miles  to  the  eightieth  mile-stone,  the  place  of 
beginning. 

The  township  of  Covington  shall  be  a  district  and  numbered  six. 

Timothy  Ives, 

HOPESTILL  BEEOHEK, 

Ambbose  Millabd, 

Com. 


EAKLT    COTJHTS    AND    CASES.  87 

These  six  districts,  according  to  an  ennmeration  made  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of 
the  legislature,  contained  463  taxable  inhabitants,  distributed  as  follows:  Delmar, 
Daniel  Kelsey,  justice,  87;  Deerfield,  no  appointment  of  justice,  63;  Elkland,  Dor- 
man  Bloss,  justice,  79;  Tioga,  the  original  township,  WUliam  Rose,  justice,  139; 
Covington,  Daniel  Lamb  and  Elijah  Putnam,  justices,  95. 

THE   GEEAT  SLAVE   HUNT. 

It  has  been  stated  that  a  few  slaves  were  brought  here  by  the  Wells  family  from 
Delaware,  and  that  they  were  manumitted.  In  later  years  runaway  slaves  occa- 
sionally found  their  way  into  this  section,  either  to  visit  colored  acquaintances,  or 
while  in  transit  for  Canada  via  the  "Underground  Railroad."  Mr.  Emery  in  his  in- 
teresting reminiscences  of  early  life  in  Wellsboro  records  the  incidents  of  a  slave  hunt 
which  were  very  exciting  if  not  thrilling. 

It  was  in  the  fall  of  1828  or  1829  that  two  young  colored  men  came  to  Wellsboro 
and  stayed  a  day  or  two  with  "Uncle  Eben  Murry."  They  were  set  to  work  by  Judge 
Morris.  Two  other  boys  came  into  the  county  with  them,  but  they  found  employ- 
ment at  or  near  Covington.  The  first  two  remained  a  month  or  more  with  the 
Judge,  when  the  people  were  startled  by  the  announcement  that  Jlossrs.  Boyd  and 
Freanor,  of  Maryland,  were  in  the  village  as  owners  and  claimants  of  the  two  young 
oolored  men,  who  were  fugitives  from  slavery,  and  had  obtained  writs  of  arrest  from 
Judge  Kilburn,  of  Lawrenceville,  and  had  placed  them  in  the  hands  of  Chauncey 
Alford  and  Carlisle  Atherton  as  deputy  sheriffs.  Word  was  immediately  sent  to  the 
runaways  that  their  masters  were  in  to^ni,  and  a  short  time  after  rocoiviiig  the  infor- 
mation they  were  fleeing  across  the  hill  to  the  ( 'ovinfrton  road,  to  be  met  there  by  the 
two  deputies,  who  brought  them  back  to  the  village,  where  thuy  were  handcuffed  and 
fettered  with  irons  brought  by  their  claimants,  hustled  into  a  sleigh  and  started  for 
Judge  Kilburn's,  at  Lawrenceville,  followed  by  Judge  Morris  to  see  fair  play. 

What  was  to  be  done?  "Uncle  Eben  and  Aunt  Hetty"  thouirlit  it  was  terrible. 
It  was  talked  over  half  an  hour  or  so,  when  some  one  said,  "Let's  go  down  and  see 
the  fun  and  help  the  boys  if  we  can."  Another,  more  executive  than  the  rest,  sug- 
gested that  they  should  "take  out  a  habeas  corpus  returnable  before  Judge  Morris 
in  Wi'llsboro,  bring  them  back  and  have  the  hearing  here." 

"But  Judge  Morris  has  gone  to  Lawrenceville  and  there  is  no  one  to  bring  them 
back  and  have  the  hearing  here,"  interposed  another. 

"Make  out  the  writ  in  due  form,"  exclaimed  another,  "and  have  Judge  Morris 
sign  it  at  Lawrenceville." 

"But  they  will  insist  on  trying  it  there  before  the  judge." 
"Hustle  him  home  as  soon  as  he  signs  the  writ  and  before  it  is  served,"  yelled 
one  in  the  crowd,  which  had  largely  increased  and  was  still  rapidly  increasing. 

"What  good  will  it  all  do?"  said  a  conservative  gentleman  in  the  crowd.  "The 
owners  have  tlic  law  on  their  side,  and  they  will  take  the  niggers  back  anyhow." 

"We'll  see,"  shouted  a  dozen  voices  at  once.  "Hurrah  for  Lawrenceville  and 
freedom  for  slaves!" 

A  hurried  consultation  was  held  by  a  few  outside  the  crowd.  Mr.  Donaldson, 
clerk  in  the  protlionotary's  otlice,  went  up  to  the  office;  two  or  three  others  went  off 
in  different  directions.     Another  half  hour  passed.     Mr.  Donaldson  came  out  of 


88  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


the  office  holding  a  folded  paper  in  his  hand;  a  couple  of  double  sleighs  drove  up 
and  as  many  as  could  get  in  loaded  them  up;  but  the  conservative  gentleman  looked 
on,  declining  to  go.  Three  cheers  were  given  for  the  darkies  and  the  party  drove 
off  for  a  frolic  or  something  else,  most  of  them  having  no  clearly  defined  idea  of 
■what  was  going  to  be  done,  or  what  was  contemplated  as  a  result.  Perhaps  an 
hour  and  a  half  or  two  hours  had  passed  before  they  were  fairly  under  way. 

Two  or  three  of  the  party  seemed  to  be  anxiously  looking  out  on  the  north 
side  of  the  road  as  they  passed  down  the  creek  and  whispering  quietly  to  each  other, 
as  if  they  were  hatching  some  conspiracy  or  looking  for  a  good  site  whereon  to  build 
a  reputation  or  start  a  negro  plantation.  Someone  in  one  of  the  sleighs  suggested 
that  it  would  be  a  good  plan  to  get  up  a  hustling  fight  on  the  way  back  and  let 
the  negroes  get  away;  and  he  chuckled  loudly  over  his  suggestion,  as  though  it  was 
an  original  thought. 

Onward  dashed  the  rescuers.  What  a  flourish  they  made  as  they  drove  up  to 
the  tavern  door  of  that  great  apostle  of  temperance  who  kept  the  only  tavern  in 
Lawrenceville,  and  what  cheering  news  the  loungers  gave  as  they  saw  the  formida- 
ble delegation  from  Wellsboro. 

"Too  late,  boys,"  shouted  Samuel  Hunt,  "the  niggers  are  on  their  way  to  Canada, 
and  their  owners  are  laid  away  upstairs,  afraid  of  their  lives;  but,  come  in,  all  hands, 
and  take  something;"  which  they  did,  of  course. 

The  house  was  full,  and  a  more  excited  and  wild  set  of  fellows,  when  they  had 
got  fairly  mixed  in  and  sufficiently  refreshed  at  the  bar,  it  would  have  been  hard  to 
find. 

During  the  afternoon  an  important  arbitration  was  in  progress  at  Lawrenceville 
— one  party  living  on  the  Cowanesque  and  the  other  up  the  Tioga — and  it  had  ex- 
cited considerable  interest  and  drawn  together  a  large  collection  of  people.  The 
arbitration  had  run  into  the  edge  of  the  evening,  and  was  about  concluded  when 
Deputy  Sheriffs  Alford  and  Carlisle  Atherton  drove  up  to  the  tavern  with  their 
prisoners,  accompanied  by  the  Marylanders  and  followed  by  Judge  Morris  in  his 
cutter.  It  was  soon  whispered  about  that  the  two  blacks  were  fugitive  slaves,  who 
had  been  living  with  Judge  Morris,  and  that  the  two  strangers  were  their  masters 
from  Maryland. 

Those  who  are  old  enough  to  know  what  an  arbitration  sometimes  was  in  those 
early  days,  and  how  easily  a  large  crowd,  stimulated  by  whisky,  became  excited,  can 
in  some  measure  Judge  of  the  situation.  The  capture  of  fugitive  slaves  in  Tioga 
county  was  a  new  thing.  The  people,  somehow  or  other,  had  got  it  into  their  heads 
that  when  a  slave  had  escaped  out  of  the  southern  into  the  northern  States  he  was, 
or  ought  to  be,  free.  They,  as  well  as  those  who  went  down  from  Wellsboro,  thought 
that  the  darkies  ought  at  least  to  have  fair  play;  that  their  shackles  ought  to  be  taken 
off  and— the  sheriff  being  the  umpire— there  should  be  a  fair  run  or  a  fair  fight,  the 
slaves  for  liberty  and  the  masters  for  the  darkies.  Under  such  circumstances,  if 
the  boys  were  foolish  enough  to  be  taken,  then  they  were  not  in  fact  fit  for  freedom. 

But  the  sheriff  would  not  agree  to  any  such  arrangement,  and  Messrs.  Boyd 
and  Freanor  were  not  consulted  on  the  subject.  So  the  ground  was  reeonnoitered 
and  the  room  occupied  by  the  sheriff  examined  with  a  view  to  ascertain  its  exact 
situation  and  military  defense.     Some  hard  words  were  said,  threats  of  lynching 


EABLY    C0UBT8    AND    CASES.  8& 

heard,  advances  and  retreats  made,  pistols  drawn  by  the  Marylanders,  and  on  the 
whole  it  looked  as  though  there  might  be  some  "little  unpleasantness." 

The  sheriff,  however,  kindly  informed  the  owners  that  he  knew  the  people 
of  Tioga  county  better  than  they  did;  told  them  to  put  up  their  pistols,  or  he 
should  be  under  the  necessity  of  putting  them  under  arrest  to  save  their  lives;  for 
if  one  shot  was  fired  he  would  not  be  answerable  for  their  safety;  and  that  if  they 
valued  their  lives  more  than  their  slaves  they  had  better  leave  the  defense  of  their 
property  in  his  and  his  assistants  hands;  "for,"  said  he,  "you  will  be  dead  men  in 
less  than  ten  minutes  after  the  first  shot  is  fired!"  The  belhgerent  Marylanders 
were  effectually  frightened  and  slunk  back  into  the  comer. 

In  an  instant*  a  rush  was  made  by  the  crowd,  the  lights  were  extinguished  in 
that  room  and  in  the  bar  room,  the  darkies  were  seized  and  hurried  to  the  door — 
one,  however,  was  recaptured  but  retaken — and  both  were  hurried  over  the  line 
into  the  State  of  New  York,  which  passes  near  the  village.  From  one  the 
shackles  were  easily  taken;  for  either  his  heels  were  too  short  and  his  hands  too 
small,  or  the  irons  were  too  large.  From  the  other  the  shackles  were  taken  by  break- 
ing them. 

The  names  of  the  principal  leaders  in  the  rescue  have  been  preserved.  They 
were:  Joseph  McCormick,  Elkland;  William  Garretson,  Tioga;  Almon  Allen, 
Medad  Gunn,  and  Samuel  Hunt,  Mansfield.  After  the  shackles  were  taken  off  a 
contribution  of  money  was  made  for  the  benefit  of  the  fugitives,  and  they  were  sent 
on  their  way  toward  Canada. 

Early  next  morning  a  warrant  was  issued  by  a  justice  of  the  peace  at  Tiogn,  and 
Messrs.  Boyd  and  Freanor  were  held  to  bail  for  kidnapping.  No  obstacle  was 
thrown  in  the  way  to  prevent  them  from  obtaining  bail.  In  fact,  it  was  a  part  of 
the  programme  that  they  should  be  bailed.  It  may  be  as  well  to  say  here  that,  of 
the  other  two  fugitives,  an  attempt  was  made  to  arrest  one  at  Covington,  but  being 
a  strong  and  powerful  man,  he  knocked  down  his  would-be  captor  and  escaped  to 
the  woods;  the  other  was  for  a  while  concealed  in  the  cellar  of  IHder  Ripley,  beyond 
Mansfield,  on  the  road  to  Troy;  and  after  the  excitement  was  over  and  the  owners 
gone  from  the  country,  he  was  furnished  with  money  and  sent  northward  into 
Canada. 

Soon  after  this  exciting  affair  an  action  for  trespass  was  commenced  in  the 
United  States  court,  by  the  owners  of  the  colored  men  who  had  been  rescued,  as 
they  did  not  like  the  idea  of  being  so  summarily  deprived  of  their  property,  if  it 
did  consist  of  flesh  and  blood.  Proceedings  were  begun  against  Joseph  McCormick, 
Oliver  T.  Bundy,  William  Garretson,  Almon  Allen,  Samuel  Hunt,  Medad  Gunn,  and 
several  others  whose  names  are  not  now  recalled.  Jledad  Gimn  was  not  notified,  for 
he  "went  off"  before  the  marshal  had  time  to  serve  the  writ  upon  him.  The  case 
took  its  regular  course,  was  put  at  issue  and  set  down  for  trial  at  the  United  States 
court  at  Williamsport,  and  a  large  number  of  witnesses  from  Tioga  county  were  sub- 
poenaed, among  them  Josiah  Emery;  but  as  none  appeared,  the  case  was  continued 
to  the  ni'xt  term. 

After  the  case  was  continued,  Joseph  McCormick  had  an  interview  with  the 
plaintiffs,  and  offered,  if  they  would  rttum  home,  to  furnish  suflBcient  evidence  to 
convi(  t  the  defendants,  and  would  himself  be  a  witness,  as  he   knew   every   one 


90  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTT. 


engaged  in  the  rescue.  The  bargain  was  concluded  and  a  paper  drawn  up  and  signed 
in  which  it  was  stipulated  by  the  plaintiffs  that,  on  the  condition  of  the  payment  of 
twenty-five  dollars  by  said  McCormick,  to  be  considered  as  full  satisfaction  of  any 
damages  claimed  from  him,  he  was  discharged  from  the  suit. 

The  next  term  the  case  came  on  for  trial.  Judge  Lewis  presented  the 
McOormick  paper  discharging  him  from  all  further  claim  for  damages,  and  moved 
the  discharge  of  all  the  other  defendants,  on  the  principle  that  the  receipt  of  satis- 
faction from  one  of  several  joint  trespassers  was  a  satisfaction  by  all.  Thus  ended 
the  suit  through  this  acute  legal  dodge.  McCormick  always  claimed  that  some  one 
of  the  defendants  stole  the  paper  from  his  desk;  but  the  truth  is,  it  was  a  little  bit  of 
"sharp  practice"  got  up  between  Ellis  Lewis  and  McCormick,  and  the  paper  was 
handed  over  to  Lewis  by  McCormick  himself.  The  Marylanders  saw  that  they  were 
defeated  and  soon  after  departed. 

The  two  rescued  colored  boys  fled  to  a  point  near  Eochester  and  obtained  em- 
ployment at  a  country  tavern,  and  their  whereabouts  was  soon  afterwards  known  to 
Judge  Morris.  When  the  Marylanders  were  discharged  from  the  kidnapping  suit 
they  hurried  north  instead  of  south,  still  intent  on  looking  for  their  property;  and 
when  Judge  Morris  became  aware  of  that  fact  he  suspected  they  had  found  out  the 
location  of  the  boys,  and  had  gone  to  have  them  arrested  and  make  another 
attempt  to  carry  them  to  Maryland.  He  acted  quickly.  Harnessing  his  horse  and 
sulky  he  started  after  them,  and  changing  horses  at  Lavn-eneeville,  overtook  the  stage 
at  Painted  Post,  and  found  Messrs.  Boyd  and  Preanor  aboard.  Leaving  his  horse  and 
sulky  he  took  passage  in  the  stage  with  them. 

But  the  ride  was  apparently  too  much  for  him,  and  when  the  stage  stopped  a 
few  miles  from  where  the  boys  were  at  work  he  was  so  sick(?)  that  he  had  to  retire  to 
a  private  room  to  be  doctored,  where,  making  a  confidant  of  the  landlord,  he  pur- 
suaded  him  to  hitch  up  a  fleet  team  and  send  him  to  the  tavern  ahead,  and  in  the 
meantime  detain  the  stage  as  long  as  he  could  under  pretense  that  he  would  soon  be 
well  enough  to  go  on! 

When  they  finally  got  to  the  next  tavern,  the  aggressive  slave  owners  were 
outwitted  and  at  the  end  of  their  journey  in  that  direction.  The  young  colored  men 
had  been  advised  of  the  pursuit  of  their  masters  and  were  safely  beyond  their  reach. 
When  the  stage  drove  up  Judge  Morris,  who  was  standing  on  the  porch,  politely 
bowed  to  the  Maryland  gentlemen  as  they  alighted!  They  were  greatly  surprised, 
and  the  expression  of  their  countenances,  as  Judge  Morris  afterwards  described  them, 
indicated  that  they  would  have  experienced  great  pleasure  in  shooting  him! 

This  remarkable  slave  hunt,  and  its  happy  termination  for  the  fugitives,  be- 
came the  topic  of  conversation  not  only  in  Tioga,  but  in  the  adjoining  counties,  and 
for  years  it  was  discussed  in  the  family  circle,  in  the  bar  rooms  of  the  country  and 
village  inns,  and  at  public  gatherings.  And  as  considerable  more  than  half  a  century 
has  rolled  away,  it  may  be  stated  as  a  historical  fact  that  not  one  of  the  participants 
is  now  alive. 

IMPOETANT  COUNTY  EECOEDS  STOLEN. 

One  of  the  most  exciting  events  of  early  times  was  the  theft  of  all  the  important 
records  of  the  county  contained  in  the  original  public  building.  The  robbery  oc- 
curred in  the  fall  or  early  part  of  the  winter  of   1828.     The  thieves  entered  the 


EABLY   COTTRTS   AND  CASES.  91 

biiilding  at  night  and  carried  ofE  all  the  deed  books,  seven  in  number,  together  with 
the  dockets  and  records  in  the  prothonotary's  oflBce,  and  the  books  of  the  com- 
missioners. When  the  news  became  known  a  profound  sensation  was  caused,  and 
there  was  much  speculation  why  such  a  high-handed  outrage  should  be  committed. 
As  no  one  person  could  carry  the  records,  it  was  evident  that  there  must  have  been 
more  than  one  concerned  in  the  affair,  and  probably  a  wagon  and  team  were  re- 
quired to  carry  away  the  official  plunder. 

The  facilities  for  ferreting  out  offenders  at  that  time  were  limited;  there  were 
no  sharp  detectives  to  follow  up  clues,  consequently  the  work  of  searching  was  slow. 

Finally  it  was  ascertained  that  the  object  of  the  robbery  was  to  secure  the  par- 
don of  a  man  from  the  penitentiary  who  had  been  convicted  and  sentenced  for 
horse  stealing.  Many  arrests  were  made  and  hearings  had,  but  no  evidence  could 
be  procured  sufficient  to  hold  any  of  the  suspected  parties.  Among  others  arrested 
on  suspicion  was  a  man  living  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  It  turned  out 
that  he  was  not  one  of  the  perpetrators  of  the  theft,  but  had  some  knowledge  of 
the  plot.  As  time  wore  on  and  the  records  could  not  be  found,  this  man,  it  is  said, 
was  induced,  on  the  promise  of  no  further  prosecution,  to  give  information  which 
led  to  the  recovery  of  the  missing  records.  They  were  found  hidden  in  a  hollow 
log  in  the  woods  about  a  mile  east  of  the  court  house,  where  tin y  had  lain  for 
about  three  months.  The  object  of  the  theft  failed,  as  the  convicted  party  was  not 
pardoned. 

As  the  public  mind  had  become  very  much  inflamed  over  the  matter,  because  of 
the  trouble,  expense,  and  possible  litigation,  that  would  have  followed  in  the  event 
of  the  final  loss  of  the  records,  several  persons  supposed  to  have  been  connected 
with  the  affair  were  arrested  and  indicted  for  conspiracy.  Much  delay  ensued  in 
bringing  them  to  trial,  when,  finally,  the  indictments  were  quashed  in  consequence 
of  some  informality  in  the  proceedings  and  through  the  ingenuity  of  able  counsel, 
of  whom  that  rising  and  brilliant  young  lawyer,  Ellis  Le\vis,  was  one.  It  is  a  tradi- 
tion that  the  persons  who  carried  away  the  records  were  never  arristtd,  and  they 
carried  the  secret  in  their  breasts  the  balance  of  their  lives.  It  is  not  likely  that  any 
one  concerned  in  the  affair  is  now  living. 

The  robbery  gave  the  commissioners  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  cost  the 
county  a  handsome  sum.  From  the  records  in  the  commissioners'  office  (see 
Journal  for  1829,  p.  2G9),  it  appears  that  a  large  number  of  persons  were  employed 
to  search  for  the  stolen  property,  and  they  were  paid  the  following  sums: 

Feb.    20,    1829,  Almon   Allen $  31  44 

George    Divins,    4  00 

' John  Marvin 12  27 

"        '•        "  Thomas  Kaydon,    34  31 

"        "        "  Daniel  Lamb,   22  50 

"        "        "  Medad  Gunn,   12  00 

' Charles    Mann 6  00 

Charles  Atherton,  42  00 

"        ■■        "  Benjamin  Gitchell,  for  finding  lost  records 200  00 

"       ai         •  Samuel  Hunt 22  00 

"        "        "  Lincoln   Powers,   12  00 

May    20,       "  .Asa  Mann IS  00 

"         "       ■ "  Erastus  Rose 3  00 


92  HISTOHT  OF   TIOGA   COTTNTT. 


May    20,   1829,   Levi  Kose 

"       John  Gray '''*  ^^ 

"       Asa  Mann ^°  °° 

Charles  Spencer ^^  5"' 

"       21,      "       William  Garretson ^2  00' 

June  16,      "       Kobert  Tubbs f  ""' 

July   38,       "       Harris  Corey,   ^  ^^ 

Benjamin   Bentley 1^  ^^ 

"        "        "       Peter  Eoberts,  ^^  ^* 

Feb.     25,  1831,    Lorentes  Jackson ^^  "* 

May     26,       "       Uriah  Spencer 26  30 

Total $56123 

It  will  be  observed  that  considerable  time  had  elapsed  before  all  the  bills  were 
paid,  and  the  last  two,  which  had  run  for  about  two  years,  were  collected  by  process 
of  law.  There  are  no  explanatory  notes  on  the  minute  book,  consequently  we  are 
left  to  draw  our  own  conclusions  as  to  some  of  the  causes  which  produced  the 
friction.  The  amount  of  money  paid  for  the  recovery  of  the  records  was  a  great 
deal  for  that  time;  in  fact,  it  represented  a  purchasing  power  greater  than  three 
times  that  amount  to-day.  When  the  robbery  was  committed  the  following  com- 
missioners were  in  of&ce:  Lorentes  Jackson,  John  Cochran,  E.  B.  G-erould.  Before- 
all  the  settlements  were  made  Mr.  Jackson  had  retired  from  office. 

■AS     OBDUEATE     JUDGE. 

On  June  5,  1830,  the  Phoenix  announced  that  the  circuit  court  would  meet 
in  Wellsboro  on  the  first  Monday  of  August  of  that  year  to  sit  at  least  one  week. 
When  the  time  came  Judge  Eogers  appeared  and  took  his  seat  on  the  bench,  but  to 
the  surprise  of  all  the  court  only  lasted  one  day.  The  Phoenix  summed  up  the  pro- 
ceedings as  follows: 

There  being  five  causes  upon  the  calendar  for  trial,  several  of  which,  from  their  im- 
portance and  the  number  of  vvitnesses  subpoenaed,  it  was  supposed  would  occupy  the 
court  a  day  or  more,  it  was  very  reasonably  conjectured  that  the  court  would  continue 
pretty  much  through  the  week.  But  to  the  utter  consternation  of  all,  and  more  es- 
pecially the  tavern  keepers,  the  court  adjourned  early  in  the  afternoon  of  the  first  day, 
before  any  one  could  have  anticipated  such  an  event,  and  before  the  sheriff,  attorneys, 
jurors,  witnesses,  spectators,  politicians  or  loungers  had  half  arrived.  A  few  minutes 
after  the  adjournment  several  wagons  made  their  appearance  loaded  with  witnesses  and 
accompanied  by  the  parties  in  the  case  of  Baldwin  vs.  Kilburn — all  however  too  late. 

Nineteen  jurors  only  answered  to  their  names  on  being  called,  and  the  absentees- 
were  fined  five  dollars  each  for  non-attendance — four  out  of  the  number  were,  however, 
excused  for  cause  shown. 

The  attorneys  with  one  accord  besought  the  court  to  delay  the  time  a  little  till  their 
worthy  clients  should  arrive,  but  his  honor  was  inexorable.  One  cited  the  practice  of  the 
common  pleas  as  authority  for  putting  over  business  till  Tuesday  morning,  to  which  his 
honor  replied,  that  "  if  such  were  the  fact,  it  argued  a  laxity  of  practice  to  which  I  can 
not  subscribe."  A  second  urged  the  consideration  of  his  client,  being  a  judge  likewise, 
having  inadvertently  appointed  an  adjourned  court  about  the  same  time,  to  which  the 
reply  was  :  "  That  is  no  cause  for  continuance,  and  your  client  being  not  ignorant  of 
these  matters,  I  would  rather  enforce  the  rule  against  him  with  the  more  rigor."  In 
short  as  the  judge  refused  to  be  pettifogged,  the  bar  were  unable  to  detain  the  court  or 
prevent  the  trial  list  from  being  taken  up  and  disposed  of  in  regular  order.  Only  one 
cause  was  tried,  and  as  there  was  no  substantial  defense  to  the  plaintiff's  claim,  and  the 


INTEENAl    niPBOVEMENTS.  93 


court  absolutely  refusing  to  listen  to  any  other,  though  most  feelingly  importuned  to 
the  contrary,  it  occupied  but  little  time,  and  thus  ended  the  circuit  court,  after  a  session 
of  about  three  hours  ! 

It  would  seem  from  the  above  statement  that  Judge  Eogers  had  taken  offense 
at  something  and  was  resolved  on  getting  out  of  the  town  as  soon  as  possible,  re- 
gardless of  the  business  of  clients  and  attorneys.  Perhaps  his  honor  in  coming 
into  the  town  over  corduroy  roads  was  so  terribly  shaken  up,  and  his  equanimity 
.80  completely  destroyed,  that  a  night  and  a  day  failed  to  heal  his  bruises  and  restore 
his  temper,  and  he  took  revenge  on  the  absent  jurymen  and  the  tavern  keepers. 


CHAPTEK  VIII. 

INTERNAL    LMPROVK.MENTS, 

First  Traveled  Ways— The  State  Line  Survey— a  Rutde  Road  Brushed  Out 
—The  Williamson  Road— Why  and  How  It  Was  Built— a  Princely  Enter- 
tainment IN  the  Wilderness— The  Patterson  Brothers— Morris  state 
Road— More  Roads  Laid  Out— East  and  West  st.vte  Road— Era  of  Plank 
Roads— Early  Navigation  Schemes- The  Corning  and  Blossburo  Railroad 
—Morris  Run  and  Arnot  Branches— The  Fall  Brook  Railroad- The 
Cowanesque  Branch— The  Pine  Creek  Branch— El.mira  and  State  Line 
Railroad— The  Addison   and   Pennsylvania  Railroad— Othkr  Railroads. 


THE  first  roads  in  Tioga  (.(uiiily  wuro  narrow  Indian  jmths,  and  it  has  been  shown 
how  they  ran.  The  early  explorers  and  settlers  followed  them,  or  traviliMl  by 
caiioos  on  tlic  river.  In  (.oiirso  of  time  the  most  important  of  thosi-  paths  were 
widened,  or  "brushed  diit,"  by  the  settlers,  and  in  sulisequent  years  became  public 
highways  for  the  jiassiige  of  wheeled  veliieles. 

Jluntion  has  been  made  of  the  road  cut  through  the  wilderness  by  the  State  line 
surveyors.  This  was  the  first  road  constructed  by  white  men.  It  was  a  rude  affair, 
but  it  enabled  the  party  to  get  their  pack  horses  and  provisions  through,  as  well  as  to 
curry  forward  their  work.  Being  on  the  line  separating  the  States  of  Pennsylvania 
and  New  York,  however,  it  did  not  jienetrate  tlie  interior  of  the  territory  of  Tioga, 
but  it  enabled  a  few  of  the  earliest  settlers  to  enter  the  country  from  the  east  and 
tlien  move  south.  This  line  was  authorized  to  be  run  by  the  legislatures  of  the  re- 
spective States,  and  in  ITSii  Andrew  Ellii-ott  and  Andrew  Porter,  on  the  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  James  Clinton  and  Simeon  DeWitt,  on  the  part  of  New  York,  were 
ap|)ointed  to  perform  the  work.  In  their  first  report,  which  is  dated  October  12, 
1786,  they  say  they  commenced  "at  the  river  Delaware  in  42  degrees,  north  latitude," 
and  continued  on  the  same  parallel  to  the  western  e.xtrennty  of  the  two  States.  The 
first  ninety  miles  from  tlie  i)oint  of  beginning  ended  on  the  "western  side  of  the 


94  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


south  branch  of  the  Tioga  river,"  at  Lawreneeville.  Here  a  substantial  mile-stone 
was  set  up,  and  for  many  years  it  was  regarded  as  a  conspicuous  landmark.  The  last 
boundary  survey,  made  in  1893 — 107  years  after  the  first — ^reported  that  the 
"ninetieth  mile-stone  is  a  small  monument  standing  about  100  feet  north  of  State 
street,  in  the  village  of  Lawreneeville,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Hallenback's  bam, 
and  about  1,260  feet  east  of  monument  319.  It  is  on  line  between  property  of  Kuehl 
and  Harraway." 

The  survey  was  not  completed  through  to  Lake  Erie  until  the  subsequent  year. 
EUicott  and  Porter  continued  to  be  the  commissioners  from  Pennsylvania,  but  New 
York  was  now  represented  by  Abraham  Hardenberg  and  William  Morris.  Their 
final  report  was  made  October  29,  1787,  accompanied  by  maps  showing  the  topog- 
raphy of  the  country  from  the  Delaware  river  to  Lake  Erie. 

In  continuing  the  line  westward  from  the  ninetieth  mile-stone,  the  commission- 
ers say  that  they"marked  the  same  in  a  lasting  and  permanent  manner  by  mile-stones, 
or  posts  surrounded  by  mounds  of  earth  where  stones  could  not  be  procured."  The 
stones,  at  the  several  points  where  the  latitude  was  determined,  were  large  and  well 
marked  and  contained  on  the  south  side,  "Pennsylvania,  latitude  43  degrees  N., 
1787,  and  also  the  variations  of  the  magnetic  needle;  on  the  north  New  York  and 
their  several  distances  from  the  Kiver  Delaware." 

In  making  the  original  survey  the  commissioners  had  to  surmount  great  difficul- 
ties on  account  of  incompetent  knowledge  of  the  geography  of  the  country,  the 
death  of  their  horses,  time  taken  up  in  making  canoes,  and  treating  with  the  Indians. 
Their  axemen  and  laborers  had  to  cut  a  road  through  the  wilderness  to  enable  them 
to  run  the  line,  as  well  as  to  convey  provisions  and  stores  for  their  sustenance  and 
comfort.  The  Indians  at  several  points  on  the  line — particularly  in  the  country  of 
the  Senecas — ^looked  upon  them  with  suspicion,  notwithstanding  peace  prevailed, 
and  they  had  to  cultivate  friendly  relations  Avith  them  by  making  presents,  and  ex- 
plain to  them  the  object  of  their  work.  This  was  the  first  road  therefore  that  pene- 
trated what  afterward  became  the  northern  part  of  Tioga  county,  and  over  it 
traveled  many  of  the  early  explorers  and  adventurers  from  the  east  in.  search  of 
homes  in  the  wilderness. 

The  last  boundary  survey  was  made  in  accordance  with  an  act  passed  by  the 
Pennsylvania  legislature  in  1889,  to  co-operate  with  the  authorities  of  New  York  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  law  of  1887,  to  make  an  examination  and  in- 
spection of  the  boundary  line  monuments  between  the  two  States.  The  commis- 
sioners made  an  elaborate  report  under  date  of  December  13,  1893,  which  may  be 
found  in  the  report  of  the  secretary  of  internal  affairs  for  that  year.  They  say  that 
the  line  was  "monumented  by  a  joint  commission  of  the  two  States  durin<^  the  years 
1881,  1883,  1883,  1884  and  1885.  The  monuments,  with  exception  of  the  large 
mitial  monuments,  are  of  Connecticut  granite,  of  a  reddish  gray,  coarse  texture, 
qmte  hard  and  durable." 

They  say  monument  No.  268,  and  mile-stone  115,  "Is  a  small  monument 
with  diagonal  grooves  standing  on  a  steep  northwesterly  slope  on  north 
edge  of  thick  woods,  about  100  feet  west  of  the  summit  of  the  ridge.  It  marks  the 
corners  of  Potter  and  Tioga  counties,  Pennsylvania.    It  is  on  line  between  properties 


INTEENAL    ISIPB0VEMENT3.  95 


of  C.  P.  Gill  and  Ealph  McCiillough.    This  monument  was  found  to  be  in  good  con- 
dition in  every  respect." 

THE    WILLIAMSON    BOAD. 

The  next  road  through  what  afterwards  constituted  the  territory  of  Tioga 
county,  was  built  by  Charles  Williamson,  agent  for  the  Pultney  estate  in  the 
"Genesee  Country."  The  causes  for  the  building  of  this  great  thoroughfare  through 
what  was  then  almost  an  unknown  wilderness,  may  be  briefly  stated:  In  November, 
1?!)0,  Phelps  &  Gorham  by  deed  conveyed  to  Kobert  Morris,  of  Philadelphia,  1,2.JU,- 
000  acres  of  wild  land  lying  in  western  New  York  and  adjoining  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  what  was  more  particularly  known  as  the  "  (Jenebee  Country,"  in  the 
home  of  the  Seneca  Indians.  April  11,  171*2,  Mr.  Morris  conveyed  by  deed  to 
Charles  Williamson  the  above  tract,  which  has  since  been  known  as  "The  Pultney 
Estate."  While  these  enormous  operations  in  land  were  being  made,  it  was  con- 
templated to  found  a  colony,  composed  of  Europeans,  in  this  wild  region  for  the 
purpose  of  improving  the  country  and  therefore  appreciating  the  value  of  the  land. 
Consequently  in  the  spring  of  1792,  Charles  Williamson,  who  had  been  appointed 
secret  agent  for  Sir  William  Pultney,  of  Bath,  England,  arrived  in  this  country  and 
established  his  headquarters  at  Northumberland,  while  making  arrangements  to 
proceed  to  the  magnificent  domain  that  had  been  entrusted  to  his  care  and  manage- 
ment. And  as  a  preliminary  to  beginning  business  in  this  country  in  due  form, 
Williamson  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  before  the  court  in  Pliiladelphia  and  became 
a  naturalized  citizen. 

While  at  Northumberland  awaiting  advices  from  his  employer  in  England, 
Williamson  was  informed  that  about  200  emigrants  would  reach  him  in  due  season, 
and  to  make  preparations  to  conduct  them  to  their  new  home  in  the  wilderness. 
An  important  question  now  presented  itself.  Which  was  the  better  route  to  pursue 
to  reach  the  point  of  destination  ?  Up  the  Susquehanna  by  boat  to  Tioga  Point, 
thence  by  the  Tioga  river  to  a  point  as  near  the  proposed  place  of  settlement  as 
possible;  or  to  cut  a  road  by  a  direct  route  overland  ?  At  that  time  the  river  route 
WHS  the  only  one  known,  but  it  was  long,  circuitous  and  danfjerous.  With  the  large 
number  of  immigrants  under  his  charge,  ^\'illiamson  argued  that  a  part  of  this  force 
at  least  might  bo  advaiitngeously  used  in  the  construction  of  the  prdposed  road,  and 
lie  therefore  set  about  making  preparations  to  carry  out  the  project. 

As  this  road  woidd  be  a  benefit  to  the  country  as  well,  Williamson  made  appli- 
cation to  the  Assembly  for  an  appropriation  to  assist  in  its  construction.  After 
«)nic  discussion  the  small  sum  of  £100  was  gruilpinjrly  appropriated.  This  was  not 
encouraging  for  such  a  great  undertaking  through  100  miles  of  wilderness,  but  it 
was  accepted.  Williamson  secured  the  services  as  guides  of  Robert  and  Benjamin 
Patterson,  two  brothers  residing  at  Xorthunilicrland.  They  had  done  distinguisheil 
service  as  scouts  and  soldiers  in  the  Kevoltitionar}'  army,  and  especially  in  watching 
and  aiding  in  the  repulse  of  the  invading  Indians  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna, and  as  scouts  in  the  country  through  which  this  road  was  to  pass.  They 
were  familiar  with  the  ground  and  therefore  well  equipjieil  for  the  work.  Their 
father,  William  I'litterson,  had  distinguishetl  himself  in  the  French  and  Indian  wars; 
flieir  mother  wn.s  a  Boone,  a  near  relative  of  Daniel  Boone,  the  celebrated  frontiers- 
man. 


gg  HISTOEY  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


The  work  of  cutting  the  road  through  the  wilderness  was  commenced  in  May- 
or June,  1792.  According  to  the  draft  now  on  file  in  the  land  oface,  it  commenced 
.at  Loyalsock,  passed  through  where  Wilhamsport  was  afterwards  built  to  Lycoming 
creek,  up  which  it  ascended  by  the  Indian  path  to  Trout  run.  Here  the  builders 
iairly  entered  the  wilderness  when  they  commenced  the  ascent  of  Trout  run.  The 
forest  was  dense  and  gloomy,  but  by  dint  of  hard  work  a  road  was  made  over  Laurel 
iill  to  the  site  of  Liberty.  From  this  point  the  site  of  Blossburg,  on  the  Tioga  river, 
was  reached.  At  Canoe  Camp,  eight  miles  down  the  river,  the  road  was  abandoned, 
.and  the  party  set  to  work  making  canoes  out  of  the  heavy  timber  which  grew  there. 
Having  a  sufficient  number  completed  they  embarked  and  floated  down  the  river  to 
Painted  Post  and  then  ascended  the  Conhocton  to  their  point  of  destination,  where 
they  founded  the  town  of  Bath. 

It  was  the  custom  of  Williamson  and  his  party  to  establish  depots  for  the  storage 
of  provisions  on  the  line  of  the  road,  and  to  erect  a  commodious  log  house  to  shelter 
the  women  and  children,  and  then  advance  with  the  axemen,  roadmakers,  etc.,  and 
prepare  the  way.  The  "Block  House"  he  established  at  what  is  now  known  as 
Liberty  borough  was  constructed  of  logs  and  was  about  30x40  feet  in  size.  In  front 
of  it  was  erected  a  large  bake  oven,  in  which  bread  was  baked  for  the  party.  This 
block  house  stood  in  the  midst  of  a  heavy  forest  of  timber  and  it  remained  there  for 
years  as  a  famous  historic  landmark. 

Blossburg,  or  "Peter's  Camp,"  was  the  next  station  where  a  depot  was  estab- 
lished. It  took  its  name  from  a  man  named  Peter.  At  Canoe  Camp,  eight 
miles  down  the  Tioga  river,  the  work  of  road  building  was  temporarily  abandoned, 
■on  account  of  the  lateness  of  the  season,  and  the  party  floated  down  stream  in  canoes 
which  they  had  hurriedly  constructed. 

The  next  station  was  Apple  Island,  near  Painted  Post,  and  the  last  was  about 
midway  between  Painted  Post  and  Bath,  the  point  of  destination,  which  they 
reached  in  December.  While  Williamson  and  his  party  were  tarrying  at  Peter's 
•Camp  (now  Blossburg),^  Eobert  and  Benjamin  Patterson  discovered  coal,  which  was 
then  pronounced  by  the  English  immigrants,  "stone  coal,"  to  distinguish  it  from 
-charcoal  or  wood  coal.    This  was  in  September  or  October,  1793. 

This  thoroughfare  was  not  finally  completed  until  the  summer  of  1796,  and  it 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  successes  of  the  times.  It  opened  a  country 
Mtherto  almost  unknown,  and  shortened  the  distance  between  Northumberland  and 
Painted  Post  almost  100  miles. 

The  undertaking  was  of  such  magnitude  as  to  have  almost  deterred  any  other 
man  but  Williamson  from  beginning  it.  But  being  endowed  with  indomitable  per- 
severance, tenacity  of  purpose  and  a  well-balanced  head,  he  accomplished  what 
would  have  appalled  and  discouraged  scores  of  others.  But  one  of  the  great  factors 
in  the  enterprise— one  of  the  essential  attributes  to  ultimate  success — was  in  being 
backed  by  plenty  of  money  by  his  English  employers.  Of  course  he  had  many  difii- 
■eulties  to  surmount  and  many  discouragements  to  meet.  The  motley  crowd  of  im- 
migrants he  was  conducting  through  the  wilderness  was  hard  to  govern— at  times  re- 
bellious—and he  was  forced  to  be  vigilant  as  well  as  rigorous.  Unaccustomed  to 
life  in  the  wilderness,  and  having  little  knowledge  of  such  work  as  was  required  in 
idling  trees  and  road  building,  they  were  often  a  detriment  instead  of  an  advantage 


7  71  X  r^^  c. 


IXTEBNAL    IMPBOVEMENTS.  97 


to  the  real  laborers.  At  times  provisions  ran  low — as  every  pound  of  stores  had  to 
be  transported  on  pack  horses  from  Northiimberland — when  discouragements  would 
set  in.  At  Canoe  Camp  they  became  short  of  sugar,  coffee  and  flour,  when  one  of 
the  Pattersons  went  through  the  wilderness  forty  miles  to  Tioga  Point  (now  Athens) 
and  purchased  provisions,  which  were  poled  up  the  Tioga  river  in  boats  to  Apple 
Island,  where  the  famishing  immigrants  met  them  and  a  grand  feast  and  joDifi cation 
followed.  Those  who,  only  a  few  hours  before,  were  mutinous  at  Canoe  Camp,  now, 
that  they  were  provided  with  provisions,  fell  upon  the  necks  of  their  deliverers, 
kissed  them,  and  wept  for  joy. 

It  is  hard  to  estimate  the  value  of  this  great  improvement  and  its  advantages 
in  after  years  to  the  country  and  the  people.  The  larger  part  of  it  ran  almost  due 
north  and  south  through  the  entire  eastern  part  of  what  afterwards  became  the 
county  of  Tioga.  It  was  the  first  great  improvement  in  the  way  of  road  building  in 
this  part  of  Pennsylvania.  The  path  cut  by  the  boundary  line  survi-yurs  in  178T, 
ran  along  the  northern  limit  of  what  became  Tioga  county;  the  Williamson  road 
penetrated  it  from  north  to  south  and  furnished  an  outlet  to  the  country  lying  south. 
At  the  time  of  the  construction  of  this  road  there  were  at  least  l.'),ou(),U(i(»  acres  of 
land  in  Pennsylvania  west  and  north  of  Williamsport,  and  12,000,000  acres  west  and 
north  of  Painted  Post,  making  an  aggi-egate  of  27,000,000  acres  upon  which  no 
white  man  dwelt  ! 

When  the  great  road — it  was  great  for  the  time  in  wliich  it  was  built — was  com- 
pleted, Williamson  was  so  elated  over  the  success  nf  his  enter])rise  that  he  resolved  on 
having  some  kind  of  a  jubilee  at  his  wilderness  home  in  honor  of  the  event.  He  eim- 
ceived  the  idea  of  having  a  rude  theater  built  in  which  there  could  be  plays  ni^'htly 
while  the  festivities  lasted.  A  nni}  tnwk  was  also  projected,  on  which  some  of  the 
•finest  horses  of  the  time  could  be  e.xercised. 

What  a  bold  conception  for  a  pioneer  in  the  wilderness,  hundreds  of  miles  from 
the  center  of  civilization  !  But  a  man  of  such  daring  enterprise  as  Williamson  did 
not  regard  failure  as  ])o.ssible.  He  at  once  set  about  making  preparations  for  the 
grand  event,  and  although  it  was  not  to  occur  within  the  territory  of  what  afterwards 
became  the  coimty  of  Tioga,  yet  it  felt  the  quickening  influences  of  such  a  vii>t 
undertaking  and  profited  thereby. 

His  plans  having  been  completed,  Williamson  issued  circulars  and  handbills, 
setting  forth  in  glowing  terms  what  he  proposed  doing,  and  inviting  the  citizens  of 
Albany,  Utica,  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Xorthumberland,  Lancaster,  Har- 
risburg,  Richmond,  Williamsburg,  Fredericksburg,  Alexandria,  Baltimore,  Easton, 
Trenton,  Wilkcs-Barre,  and  numerous  other  places  to  come  and  enjoy  the  sport. 
Owiu'rs  of  fleet  horses  were  invited  to  be  present  and  enter  them  for  the  races.  A 
Iil)eral  hospitality  was  to  be  extended  to  all,  and  they  were  assured  that  by  visiting 
his  sylvan  home  in  the  land  of  the  Six  Nations  they  would  not  only  be  surprised,  but 
delighted.  In  his  glowing  description,  and  portrayal  of  the  pleasures  to  be  enjoyed, 
Williamson  did  not  omit  speaking  of  his  manor,  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  the  abund- 
ance of  timber,  the  innumerable  springs,  rivers,  lakes,  inhabited  by  fish  of  the  most 
delieinus  flavor,  the  cheapness  of  comer  lots  in  the  city  of  Bath  and  the  golden  op- 
portunity afforded  the  investor  to  secure  a  home  in  the  garden  of  the  Six  Nations. 
7 


98  HISTOKY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


His  circulars  and  handbills  were  read  at  the  State  and  National  Capitols  to 
grave  members  and  senators  and  by  the  sporting  fraternity  generally.  He  also  in- 
formed the  public  that  he  had  stationed  at  Utica,  Albany  and  New  York,  on  the 
east,  and  at  Northumberland,  Harrisburg,  Carlisle,  Lancaster,  Philadelphia, 
Easton,  Eeading,  Alexandria  and  Eichmond,  on  the  south,  trusted  and  tried  guides 
who  would  meet  and  conduct  gentlemen  and  their  suites  to  his  far-famed  city  upon 
the  waters  of  the  upper  Susquehanna. 

The  reader  of  to-day  can  scarcely  comprehend  the  daring  proposition  of  this 
bold  Scotchman  of  100  years  ago,  when  the  country  was  wild  and  the  sullenly  re- 
tiring savages  yet  lingered  on  the  very  outskirts  of  this  settlement — not  as  foes,  for 
their  confederacy  had  been  broken  by  gallant  Anthony  Wayne,  but  as  curious  spec- 
tators of  what  the  pale  face  proposed  doing  in  the  land  where  they  had  dwelt  for 
many  moons. 

His  project  proved  a  grand  success.  For  weeks  the  Williamson  road  to  Bath 
presented  one  continuous  procession  from  the  south — ^from  Maryland,  Delaware, 
New  Jersey  and  Virginia.  The  travelers  left  the  shores  of  the  James,  the  Potomac, 
the  Patapsco,  the  Delaware,  the  Susquehanna,  the  Schuylkill,  the  Lehigh  and  the 
Passaic,  and  journeyed  over  this  road  through  the  county  of  Lycoming,  which  had 
just  been  organized,  and  extended  to  the  New  York  State  line.  It  was  a  curious 
as  well  as  imposing  spectacle,  and  the  straggling  savages  who  yet  lingered  in  the 
shades  of  the  wilderness,  peered  at  it  from  the  bushes  with  awe,  for  they  could  not 
divine  its  object.  It  was  to  them  one  of  the  incomprehensible  freaks  of  the  race  that 
seemed  destined  to  drive  them  they  knew  not  whither. 

As  the  entire  distance  from  Williamsport  to  Bath— more  than  100  miles— lay 
through  a  dense  forest,  the  journey  was  long  and  fatiguing.  In  some  instances  the 
block  houses  built  by  Williamson  were  used  as  temporary  stopping  places  over  night,' 
but  the  parties  generally  camped  by  the  wayside.  Many  of  these  bands  of  travelers 
from  the  south  were  accompanied  by  negro  slaves,  whose  duty  it  was  to  cook  for 
their  masters  and  care  for  the  horses. 

The  races  came  off  in  September,  1796,  and  lasted  for  several  weeks.  Among 
the  entries  were  Virginia  Nell,  by  Charles  Williamson,  and  Silk  Stocking  by 
William  Dunn,  both  of  Bath.  Virginia  Nell  was  the  pride  of  the  Marylanders' and 
Virgimans,  while  Silk  Stocking,  the  winner,  was  backed  by  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vama.  New  York  and  Canada.  There  were  races  during  the  daytime  and  theatrical 
performances  at  night,  which  made  one  complete  round  of  pleasure  and  excitement. 
These  scenes  of  gaiety  were  among  the  most  remarkable  ever  witnessed  in  any  coun- 
try; remarkable  because  of  their  occurrence  in  the  heart  of  a  wilderness,  far  from  the 
habitations  of  men,  and  for  years  they  were  a  theme  of  conversation  among  those 
who  had  participated  in  them  and  enjoyed  the  princely  hospitality  of  the  host  The 
effect  was  as  anticipated,  it  advertised  Bath  far  and  wide,  and  gave  Williamson 
the  prominence  which  he  sought. 

Por  thirty  years  the  Williamson  road  was  the  great  thoroughfare  between 
southern  and  western  Ne^  York,  and  northern  and  central  Pennsylvania,  and  con- 
tributed more  towards  the  settlement  of  the  country  through  which  it  ran,  than  any 
other  agency  In  early  times  the  road  was  also  a  thoroughfare  for  drovers,  raftsmen 
and  emigrants,  and  for  many  years  stage  lines  ran  over  it  between  Painted  Post  and 


INTEHXAL    IMPEOVEMEXTS.  99 


WilliamBport.  Many  distinguished  men  of  early  days  passed  over  it,  not  the  least 
of  whom  was  Aaron  Burr,  who  visited  Williamson  about  the  time  he  was  forming 
his  conspiracy  for  his  southwestern  confederacy.  During  the  War  of  1812  many 
soldiers  enroute  for  Buffalo  and  Canada  passed  over  it,  and  returned  the  same  way. 

Charles  Williamson,  the  projector  of  this  great  enterprise,  was  a  Scotchman  by 
birth,  and  an  officer  in  the  English  army  during  the  Eevolutionary  War.  He  was 
captured  by  the  French,  the  allies  of  the  Americans,  and  held  a  prisoner  in  Boston 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  When  he  founded  Bath  he  built  houses  and  mills,  cleared 
the  land,  opened  farms,  built  other  roads  and  did  a  vast  amount  of  work  to  reclaim 
the  country.  He  was  the  first  judge  of  Steuben  county,  in  1796,  and  its  first  member 
of  Assembly,  and  caused  an  act  to  be  passed  enabling  him  to  convey  the  vast  property 
to  Sir  William  Pultney,  of  Bath,  England.  After  completing  his  legal  business  and 
surrendering  his  trust  he  sailed  for  I^njiland  and  died  of  fever  while  at  sea. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  held  October  1, 1811,  instructions  were  given 
to  Aaron  Bloss  and  Samuel  Iligley  to  amend  that  part  of  the  Williamson  road  lying 
between  the  Block  House  and  Peter's  Camp. 

On  the  19th  of  the  same  month  the  commissioners,  according  to  a  minute  on 
their  journal,  gave  to  Andrew  D.  Hepburn  an  order  to  the  state  treasurer  for  the 
sum  of  $500,  being  the  appropriation  allowed  for  the  Williamson  road  betwen  Aaron 
Bloss'  and  the  south  line  of  Tioga  county.  Mr.  Hepburn  wa.s  a  prominent  business 
man  of  Williamsport,  and  it  is  probable  that  he  had  advanced  this  sum  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  road. 

In  1817  Aaron  Bloss  and  others  petitioned  the  legislature  to  appropriate  $10,- 
000  to  improve  this  road,  so  as  to  make  it  a  better  outlet  toward  the  south  over  which 
to  haul  coal,  the  mining  of  which  was  then  in  its  infancy.  Tioga  county,  at  that 
time,  being  a  comparative  wilderness,  the  legislature  could  not  see  the  wisdom  of 
expending  sq  large  a  sum  to  give  its  few  inhabitants  the  benefits  of  a  first-class  high- 
way, and  the  appropriation  asked  for  was  refused. 

THE     PATTERSON     BROTHERS. 

The  faithful  guides — Robert  and  Benjamin  Patterson — settled  in  the  old  town 
of  Painted  Post,  in  1797,  after  their  contract  with  Williamson  expired.  They  con- 
veyed their  household  effects  in  boats  from  Northumberland  up  the  river  via  Tioga 
Point,  while  their  cattle  were  driven  over  the  Williamson  road.  Robert  Patterson, 
about  the  year  1804,  removed  to  Lindley — still  mthin  the  limits  of  the  old  town  of 
Painted  Post — where  lie  purchased  1,000  acres  of  land  and  resided  until  his  death, 
October  2,  1840.  A  few  days  before  his  death  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  a 
locomotive  with  a  train  of  cars  pass  through  his  farm  on  the  Coming  and  Blossburg 
railroad,  running  parallel  to  the  Williamson  road,  which  he  had  located  through 
the  wilderness  nearly  fifty  years  before. 

Some  time  during  the  year  1858  or  1850,  the  dwelling  house  of  Benjamin  Pat- 
terson, son  of  Robert  Patterson,  was  consumed  by  fire,  and  a  large  amount  of  valu- 
able data  pertaining  to  tlio  historj'  of  Xorthumberland  (now  Lycoming)  county 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  the  building  of  the  Williamson  road,  were  con- 
sumed. Grace  Adelaide,  second  daughter  of  Benjamin  Patterson,  and  grand-daugh- 
ter of  Robert  Patterson,  who  married  John  L.  Sexton,  of  Blossburg,  remembers  well 


1QQ  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


having  both  seen  and  read  many  of  the  incidents  set  forth  in  the  foregoing  notes 
relating  to  the  building  of  this  road  and  the  part  her  ancestor  bore  in  the  work.  Her 
husband,  Mr.  Sexton,  also  testifies  to  the  same,  and  regrets  exceedingly  the  loss  of 
the  historical  treasure. 

MOHEIS    STATE    EGAD. 

Several  years  passed  after  the  construction  of  the  Williamson  road  before  it 
became  necessary  to  lay  out  any  more  roads.  Settlers  were  slow  to  penetrate  the 
heavily  timbered  regions  in  the  northern  part  of  Lycoming  county,  because  they 
generally  found  more  inviting  localities  in  the  valleys  and  along  the  river.  When 
explorers  did  have  occasion  to  penetrate  what  was  then  regarded  as  the  "imknown 
wilderness,"  they  traveled  by  the  Williamson  road. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Compny  had  been  formed. 
Morris  and  several  of  his  friends  had  founded  a  settlement  near  the  site  of  Texas,  Ly- 
coming county,  and  it  soon  became  apparent  that  there  must  be  an  outlet  to 
the  settlements  on  the  river.  A  road,  known  as  the  "State  Koad,"  was  projected 
from  ISTewberry  to  a  point  near  Painted  Post.  Application  was  made  to  the  legisla- 
ture, and  an  act  authorizing  its  construction  was  passed  and  approved  April  8,  1799, 
which  may  be  foimd  in  Smith's  Laws,  volume  III.,  p.  375,  as  follows: 

Whereas,  Many  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  county  of  Lycoming  «  *  » 
have  presented  their  petitions  to  the  legislature  stating  that  the  present  road  [William- 
sou  road  ]  from  the  town  of  Newberry,  near  the  mouth  of  Lycoming  creek  to  the  Genesee 
country  is  extremely  bad,  so  as  to  be  passable  with  great  difficulty,  and  judging  that  a 
road  might  be  opened  by  a  new  course — and  it  is  reasonable  that  the  prayer  of  the  peti- 
tioners should  be  granted  upon  the  terms  hereinafter  mentioned,  therefore 

Be  it,  etc.,  That  the  Governor  *  *  *  be  authorized  to  receive  proposals  for  lay- 
ing out  and  opening  a  road,  not  less  than  twenty  feet  wide,  from  the  town  of  Newberry 

*  *  *  to  Morris'  Mills  ;  from  thence  by  the  best  and  most  direct  route  to  the 
northeast  corner  of  Strawbridge's  marsh,  or  as  near  thereto  as  may  be  ;  and  from  thence 
by  the  nearest  and  best  route  to  the  109th  mile-stone  on  the  line  dividing  this  State  from 
the  State  of  New  York,  or  as  near  as  may  be,  which  road,  when  surveyed,  laid  out  and 
opehed,  as  aforesaid,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  public  highway. 

That  the  expense  of  laying  out  and  surveying  the  said  road,  and  all  charges  incident 
thereto,  shall  in  the  first  instance  be  paid  by  such  of  the  citizens  of  the  county  of  Lycom- 
ing, or  other  persons,  as  may  think  proper  to  subscribe  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the 
expense  thereof. 

That  after  the  said  road  shall  have  been  laid  out  and  opened  *  *  »  the 
Governor  shall  appoint  a  suitable  person  to  view  the  said  road  and  make  report  to  him  ; 
and  if  it  shall  appear  by  said  report  that  a  road  or  cartway  is  actually  laid  out  and 
opened  between   the   town  of  Newberry,   and   the  109th  mile-stone  on  the  State  line 

*  *  *  then  in  that  case  the  Governor  is  hereby  authorized  to  draw  Ms  warrant  on 
the  State  Treasurer  for  the  sum  of  $3,000  to  reimburse  the  person  or  persons  who 
w^ere  the  subscribers  for  opening  and  laying  out  said  road. 

According  to  the  brief  records  that  have  been  preserved,  the  road  was  put 
under  contract  July  36,  1799,  and  finished  late  that  year,  or  early  in  1800.  The 
contractor  was  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  with  Gideon  H.  Wells  and  Thomas 
Greeves  as  securities.  They  were  members  of  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  and 
of  course  deeply  interested  in  the  construction  of  the  new  road.  Samson  Babb,  who 
had  purchased  land  from  the  company,  was  also  interested  and  assisted  in  building 


INTEBNAL    IMPEOVEMZXTS.  101 

the  road,  in  order  to  have  an  outlet.  It  is  probable  that  the  Land  Company  fur- 
nished the  greater  part  of  the  money  required,  independent  of  the  state  appropria- 
tion, and  the  work  was  pushed  by  Contractor  Morris. 

The  completion  of  the  road  was  officially  reported  to  the  governor  by  Hon. 
William  Wilson,  of  Williamsport,  who  had  been  selected  for  that  purpose  in  accord- 
ance with  the  act,  whereupon  his  excellency  authorized  the  pajrment  of  the 
$3,000.  The  additional  amount  subscribed  by  citizens  is  unknown,  as  the  papers 
have  been  lost.  It  is  probable  that  Morris  and  other  parties  were  liberal  sub- 
scribers, as  they  were  among  the  original  projectors  of  the  enterprise  and  were 
largely  benefited  by  it. 

The  State  road  at  first  was  little  better  than  a  "cartway  through  the  wilder- 
ness," but  it  became  the  great  highway  of  the  time  and  much  travel  passed  over  it 
for  many  years.  Portions  of  it  are  still  in  use  and  its  route  is  pointed  out  by  the 
older  inhabitants.  Newberry  at  that  time  was  the  center  of  commercial  business 
on  the  river,  and  the  supplies  for  the  pioneers  in  Tioga  township  had  to  be  obtained 
there  and  transported  over  the  State  road. 

The  draft  of  this  road,  which  is  still  preserved  in  the  land  office  at  Harrisburfr, 
shows  the  courses  and  distances  throughout  the  entire  route.  It  was  made 
from  the  notes  of  Samuel  Scott,  by  William  Gray,  the  celebrated  surveyor  of  that 
time,  for  submission  to  the  governor,  as  part  of  the  report  to  be  made  by  Commis- 
sioner Wilson.  The  disiniices  from  Newberry,  the  starting  jMiint,  are  piven  as 
follows;  To  Brook's  house,  four  and  one-half  miles;  to  Hoagland's  run,  eiplit  and 
one-half  miles;  to  Larry's  creek,  or  Cogan's,  sixteen  miles;  to  crossing  of  Third 
Fork  of  Pine  creek,  at  the  marsh,  twenty-four  miles;  to  Morris'  mill,  twenty-eight 
miles;  to  the  109th  mile-post,  seventy-three  and  one-half  miles. 

The  109th  mile-stone,  as  described  in  the  last  report  on  the  State  line  suney, 
"is  a  small  monument  standing  in  cleared  land  at  the  west  edge  of  the  summit  of  a 
gravel  bluff,  north  of  Troup's  creek,  978  feet  west  of  monument  No.  2'>x.  It  is  on 
the  line  between  the  property  of  H.  Murdock  and  Edward  Murdock." 

MOKE    BOADS    LAID    OfT. 

After  the  completion  of  the  State  road  from  Newberry  the  people  seem  to  have 
been  satisfied  with  their  thoroughfares  for  a  few  years,  for  we  find  no  record  of  any 
further  attempt  at  road  making  for  three  years.  On  the  quarter  sessions  docket  for 
December,  lS(in,  we  find  "the  return  of  a  road  from  the  First  Fork  of  Pine  creek  to 
Morris'  [State]  road  near  the  fifty-first  mile  tree."  It  appears  that  James  Kooken, 
John  English,  Moses  Wilson,  James  Yarnall  and  John  Norris,  the  viewers  ap- 
pointed to  lay  out  the  road,  reported  that  they  had  performed  the  duty  assigned 
them,  in  these  words:  "Beginning  at  the  Krst  Fork  of  Piiu-  creek,  thence  north 
five  degrees  east  220  perches,  etc.,  to  the  fifty-first  mile  tree  on  the  State  road,  which 
they  adjudged  necessary  to  public  use."    The  report  was  confirmed  by  the  court. 

Anotlier  year  passed  before  we  find  any  reference  to  roads.  At  December  ses- 
sions, ISO  t,  William  Willard,  AVilliam  Withington.  Josiah  White,  John  Kileny  and 
Jesse  Ijosey,  who  had  been  appointed  to  "view  and  lay  out  a  road  from  Morris' 
[State]  road  down  Crooked  creek  to  Williamson's"  road,  made  a  favorable  report. 


1Q2  HISTORY  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


It  commenced  "at  a  white  pine  on  the  forks  of  Crooked  creek"  and  continued  imtil  it 
intersected  the  Williamson  road  leading  north.    The  court  confirmed  the  report. 

After  a  lapse  of  another  two  years  we  find  that  at  May  sessions,  1806,  "William 
Ellis,  Moses  Wilson,  Israel  Merrick,  Shack  Stradley  and  Caleb  Boyer,  the  persons 
appointed  to  view  and  lay  out  a  road  from  William  Ellis'  mill,  beginning  on  the 
margin  of  Pine  creek  and  running  to  a  "boundary  lot  in  the  Delmar  purchase,  in 
the  tenure  of  Israel  Merrick,"  made  report  that  they  had  performed  the  work  as- 
signed them.  The  record  shows  that  the  report  was  confirmed  at  September  ses- 
sions, 1806. 

At  the  December  sessions  of  the  same  year  as  the  foregoing,  the  record  informs 
us  that  a  "road  was  laid  out  from  the  State  road  down  the  Cowanesque  to  the  State 
line,"  and  that  Ebenezer  Taylor,  Timothy  Coates,  Hopestill  Beecher  and  Abel  Cady 
were  the  viewers.  Their  report  states  that  they  commenced  "at  a  buttonwood  tree 
marked  on  the  State  road  near  the  Cowanesque  creek — ^thence  through  by  Cady's 
field  to  intersect  Williamson's  road  near  the  Cowanesque."  Their  report  was  con- 
firmed at  the  same  session  of  court.  This  road  evidently  intersected  the  Williamson 
road  near  what  is  now  Lawrenceville,  and  was  a  connecting  link  between  the  two 
thoroughfares. 

A  road  was  laid  out  in  the  latter  part  of  1806  from  the  State  line  to  the  mouth 
of  Crooked  creek,  and  the  report  of  the  viewers  was  confirmed  at  February  sessions, 
1807.  From  the  proceedings  of  May  sessions,  1807,  it  appears  that  Wathaniel  Allen, 
Ezra  Spaulding,  Fathan  Fellows,  William  Benjamin,  John  Cummins  and  Ebenezer 
Thewald,  laid  out  a  road  from  Ezra  Spaulding's  to  the  New  York  State  line.  Their 
report  was  confirmed  at  the  same  court. 

From  a  report  made  at  JSTovember  sessions,  1807,  it  appears  that  William 
Benjamin,  David  Eeynolds,  John  ISTorris,  John  Sloan,  Joseph  Williamson  and 
William  Watson,  viewed  and  laid  out  a  road  from  the  Block  House  to  the  State 
road,  and  it  was  confirmed  by  the  same  court.  This  was  another  connecting  link 
between  these  two  great  thoroughfares. 

EAST     AND     WEST     STATE     BOAD. 

The  next  important  road,  after  the  Williamson  and  State  roads,  was  the  one 
projected  from  the  Moosic  mountains  in  a  westerly  direction.  In  pursuance  of  an 
act  of  the  legislature,  passed  April  4,  1807,  providing  for  the  appointment  of  a 
commission  to  explore  and  lay  out  this  road  to  the  western  bounds  of  the  State, 
Henry  Donnel  and  George  Haines  were  appointed  the  commissioners.  They  made 
a  survey  and  reported  that  they  had  laid  out  the  road  according  to  instructions. 
It  crossed  the  river  at  Towanda,  proceeded  up  Sugar  creek,  thence  through  East 
Troy,  entered  Tioga  county  in  what  is  now  Sullivan  township,  and  ran  west 
through  Covington,  Charleston  and  Delmar  to  Wellsboro.  From  this  point  it  pro- 
ceeded westwardly  through  Tioga  and  Potter  counties. 

This  road,  although  a  "rough  and  rugged  one,"  became  an  important  thor- 
oughfare for  early  times,  and  hundreds  of  weary  emigrants  from  the  east  in  search 
of  homes  m  Tioga  county  and  the  "Genesee  Country,"  passed  over  it.  Those  going 
to  Bath  and  other  points  in  Steuben  county,  followed  it  until  it  intersected  the 
Williamson  road,  when  they  took  the  latter  and  bore  down  the  Tioga  river.    Many 


INTEHXAL    IMPROVEMENTS.  103 


of  the  New  England  settlers  in  Tioga,  who  came  from  the  eastern  part  of  Brad- 
ford and  the  western  part  of  Luzerne  counties,  came  over  it.  The  trouble  about 
land  titles  in  the  latter  counties  caused  many  persons  to  seek  new  homes  in  what 
was  then  the  wilds  of  Tioga;  and  from  this  cause  Tioga  gained  largely  of  that 
hardy,  enterprising  and  progressive  element  known  as  Xew  P^nglanders,  which  has 
left  its  impress  and  individuality  on  the  country  to  this  day. 

Emigrants  from  other  parts  of  Pennsylvania  and  from  the  States  of  Delaware, 
Maryland  and  Virginia  fotmd  their  way  into  the  covmty  by  way  of  the  Williamson 
and  State  roads  from  Newberry. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  on  October  1,  1811,  instructions  were 
given  to  Israel  Merrick,  Bethlehem  Thompson  and  WiUiara  Matthews  to  open  the 
East  and  West  road  leading  from  Wellsboro  to  the  Big  Meadows. 

EBA     OF     PLANK     BOADS. 

When  the  era  of  plank  road  building  set  in  the  citizens  of  certain  parts  of 
Tioga  caught  the  infection.  These  roads  weru  generally  projected  for  places  where 
railroads  were  not  available.  In  1848  the  Tioga  and  Elmira  Plank  Road  Company 
was  incorporated.  The  object  of  the  road  was  to  connect  with  another  leading 
out  of  Elmira  up  Seeley  creek  to  the  State  line,  the  distance  to  Elmira  from  Tioga 
being  about  twenty-three  milu.';.  As  work  was  not  commenccil  by  this  company  in 
1848,  a  supplement  to  the  act  was  passed  April  5,  1841),  extending  the  time  for 
building  the  road  seven  years.  This  act  was  suppluraentiMl  by  anotluT  May  14, 
1850,  creating  the  Tioga  and  Lawrencuv illc  ('ompany,  with  powiT  to  extend  the 
road  to  Wellsboro,  and  repealing  the  acts  of  1848  and  1811).  This  act  created  a 
new  body  of  incorporators  and  empowered  them  to  take  possession  of  the  highway. 

That  portion  of  the  road  between  Tioga  and  Wellsboro  was  soon  put  under 
Contract  and  finished,  and  for  many  years  it  was  extensively  traveled.  When  the 
plank  wore  out  the  company  obtained  a  supplement  to  the  charter  permitting  them 
to  convert  the  road  into  a  turnpike,  which  was  done. 

EARLY    NAVIOATIOX    SCHEMES. 

The  construction  of  numerous  public  roads  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  pres- 
ent century,  opened  up  avenues  of  communication  between  the  different  sections  of 
the  county  and  made  the  county  seat  accessible  to  the  citizens  of  the  various  town- 
ships. They  also  enabled  the  settlers  to  reach  Williamsport,  Painted  Post,  Elmira, 
Athens,  Towanda  and  otlier  trading  points,  with  such  products  as  they  desired  to 
market  or  exchange  for  articles  needed  in  their  homes  or  on  their  farms.  With 
the  increase  of  hinibcriiii:  operations,  as  well  as  a  constantly  increasing  surplus  of 
farm  products,  the  inadequacy  of  these  facilities  began  to  be  felt.  The  journeys 
over  rough  and  poorly-worked  roads  was  tedious  and  toilsome,  and  the  time  con- 
sumed in  going  and  returning  rendered  it  next  to  impossible  to  realize  a  profit  on 
the  products  marketed.  Some  better  way  of  accomplishing  their  marketing  and 
trading  was  needed.  The  railroad  being  in  its  infancy,  the  canal  gave  the  only 
promise  of  meeting'  the  admitted  needs  of  the  people,  and  accordingly  jilans  for 
either  renderiiif,'  the  principal  streams  of  the  county  navigable  by  a  system  of  im- 
provements, or  making  them  feeders  for  canals,  were  numerous,  and  were  made  the 
topics  of  town  talk  and  public  discussion. 


104  niSTOBY   OP   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

In  1817  the  legislature  declared  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  rivers  and  Crooked 
creek  navigable  streams.  (Pine  creek  had  been  declared  navigable  in  1798.)  It  was 
thought  that  the  Tioga  river,  running  north  into  the  State  of  New  York,  could  be 
so  improved  as  to  render  it  safe  for  arks  loaded  with  coal,  then  beginning  to  be 
slowly  developed  at  Blossburg,  and  which  it  was  early  foreseen  was  destined  to  be- 
come a  great  article  of  commerce,  if  a  demand  could  be  created  for  it;  or,  in  other 
words,  if  means  for  its  transportation  could  be  provided.  The  first  step,  therefore, 
was  to  make  the  river  navigable. 

In  order  to  secure  a  better  outlet  overland  toward  the  south,  Aaron  Bloss  and 
others,  in  1817,  petitioned  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  to  appropriate  $10,000 
toward  improving  the  William.son  road  over  the  mountains  from  Blossburg  to  Ly- 
coming creek,  and  Williamsport.  But  the  legislature  could  not  see  the  wisdom  of 
appropriating  that  amount  of  money  to  build  a  good  road  into  what  was  regarded 
as  a  wild  and  inhospitable  region,  and  refused  the  petition. 

Undaunted,  however,  by  this  failure  to  secure  a  better  outlet  to  the  south, 
agitation  was  continued  in  behalf  of  water  navigation.  Committees  were  appointed 
in  Tioga  county  to  confer  with  the  citizens  in  the  adjoining  counties  on  the  north, 
and  strong  efforts  made  to  enlist  their  co-operation  and  support.  In  1826  Uriah 
Spencer  was  appointed  one  of  a  committee  to  draft  an  address  to  the  governor  of 
New  York  in  furtherance  of  a  canal  from  the  head  of  Seneca  lake  to  the  Pennsyl- 
vania line  at  Lawrenceville,  to  be  continued  thence  by  Pennsylvania  authority  to  the 
coal  mines  at  Blossburg.  He  and  Samuel  W.  Morris  were  chosen  a  committee  to 
present  a  petition  to  the  legislature  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Spencer  visited  Albany 
for  that  purpose  in  February,  1827. 

The  continued  agitation  throughout  the  country  of  the  water  navigation  pro- 
ject, finally  resulted  in  the  passage  of  an  act  in  March,  1823,  for  the  improvement 
of  the  Susquehanna  from  Northumberland  to  Columbia,  and  it  was  expected  by 
the  citizens  of  Tioga  county  that  as  soon  as  this  work  was  completed  the  upper 
waters  of  the  Susquehanna  would  receive  the  favorable  consideration  of  the  legis- 
lature, and  they  would  be  benefited  to  some  extent. 

This  was  the  first  step  in  the  great  plan  for  internal  improvement  by  utilizing 
the  rivers.  The  next  was  the  act  of  February  30,  1836,  known  as  the  General 
Improvement  Law,  which,  among  other  things,  authorized  the  organization  of  the 
Tioga  Navigation  Company.  This  law  gave  the  people  great  encouragement.  No 
time  was  lost  in  making  preparations  to  start  the  improvement.  A  company  was 
formed  and  Miller  Fox,  of  Towanda,  an  eminent  civil  engineer,  employed  to  make 
a  survey  and  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  putting  the  stream  into  a  navigable  con- 
dition. A  fine  drawing  of  the  proposed  canal  has  been  preserved  and  may  be  seen 
at  the  office  of  Jerome  B.  Niles,  Wellsboro.  Considerable  work  was  done  In  1836 
a  number  of  arks  were  built  by  different  parties  and  loaded  with  coal.  It  was  in- 
tended to  run  them  down  the  river  and  connect  with  the  Chemung  canal  which 
had  been  completed  to  Corning.  But  the  arks  were  sunk  before  any  great  distance 
had  been  made,  and  this  mode  of  navigation  was  abandoned. 

There  was  increased  interest  in  the  mining  of  coal,  but  the  lack  of  transportation 
to  market  kept  the  business  back.  In  1838  the  Arbon  Coal  Company  was  formed  at 
Blossburg  and  James  E.  Wilson  was  chosen  its  first  president.    Another  company 


IXTEKNAL    IMPKOVEMEXTS.  JQS 


known  as  the  Arbon  Land  Company,  was  ako  organized  ty  the  same  stockholders, 
its  purpose  being  to  promote  the  building  and  early  completion  of  the  railroad 
from  Coming  to  Blossburg. 

THE    COEXIXG   AND    BLOSSBCEG    BAILBOAD. 

It  having  become  apparent  that  transportation  by  water  was  not  feasible,, 
attention  was  directed  to  the  railroad,  which  then  seemed  to  be  the  coming  method. 
The  Tioga  Navigation  Company  caught  the  spirit  of  the  hour  and  obtained  from 
the  legislature  a  supplement  to  its  charter,  authorizing  it  to  construct  a  railroad 
from  Blossburg  to  the  State  line  at  Lawrenceville.  The  distance  was  about  twenty- 
five  miles  and  the  road  was  to  run  parallel  with  the  river.  This  was  an  important 
movement  and  marked  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  Tioga  county. 
At  the  same  time  a  company  was  formed  to  construct  a  railroad  from  the  head  of 
canal  navigation  at  Painted  Post  to  intersect  the  Blossburg  railroad  at  Lawrenceville. 
This  would  afford  an  outlet  for  the  coal.  The  entire  line  was  completed  from 
Corning  to  Blossburg  in  1810,  reaching  the  latter  place  in  September  of  that  year. 
between  which  time  and  January  1,  1841,  4,235  tons  of  coal  were  sent  over  it  to 
market.  Compared  with  the  magnificently  equi])pe(l  lines  of  tn-day,  it  wn.-;  but  a 
crude  afl'air.  Strap  rails,  laid  on  stringers  were  used,  and  the  rolling  stock  was  e.x- 
ceedingly  primitive.  In  1853  the  strap  rails  were  rci)laced  by  the  more  modern  T 
rail,  and  the  roadbed  and  equipment  greatly  im])r<ive(],  the  lion.  John  Magee  having, 
in  the  meantime,  become  the  owner  of  that  portion  of  the  line  north  of  Lawrence- 
ville. 

In  1858  a  line,  four  miles  in  length,  was  surveyed  from  Blossburg  to  .Morris 
Run,  where  new  coal  mines  were  being  then  opened  up  by  the  Morris  Run  Coal 
Company.  This  line  was  constructed  under  the  direction  of  Col.  Pharon  Jarrett, 
of  Lock  Haven,  and  was  opened  for  traffic  in  October,  1S.1;5. 

The  Blossburg  Coal  Company  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  legislature 
approved  April  11,  1866,  for  the  purpose  of  opening  mines  on  Johnson's  creek,  at 
what  is  now  the  village  of  Arnot,  four  miles  southwest  of  Blossburg,  fmm  which 
place  a  railroad  was  constructed  to  the  mines  in  the  year  named.  In  IHH'i  and 
1883  the  Arnot  and  Pine  Creek  Railroad  Company  extended  this  mad  to  Hoytville, 
in  Morris  township,  a  distance  of  twelve  miles. 

Though  constructed  by  different  companies  and  operated  as  separate  ronils  for 
years,  the  last  two  named  were  dependent  upon  the  Corning  and  Blossburg  road  for 
an  outlet  down  the  valley  of  the  Tioga  river.  This  was  secured  by  traffic  arrange- 
ments maintiiinod  until  December,  18S4.  when  the  control  of  the  three  lines  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  "Erie,"  and  they  have  since  remained  a  part  of  that  system. 

THK    F.VLL    BROOK    R.VILROAD. 

In  March,  1S.")9,  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  was  chartered  by  the  legislature. 
The  bill  granting  tiie  charter  was,  however,  vetoed  by  <;overnor  Packer,  but  was 
passed  over  his  veto  and  heenme  a  law.  In  this  year  the  company  opened  mines 
at  Fall  Brook,  seven  miles  east  of  Blosshurg,  to  which  a  line  of  railroad  was  surveyed 
and  constructed.  This  line,  seven  miles  in  length,  was  the  beginning  of  the  Fall 
Brook  system  in  Tioga  county.    The  principal  owner  of  the  railroad  and  thr  mines 


106  HISTOEY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

was  Hon.  John  Magee,  of  Bath,  ISTew  York,  who  some  years  before  had  come  into 
possession  of  that  part  of  the  Corning  and  Blossburg  railroad  lying  between  Corn- 
ing and  Lawrenceville,  to  reach  which  with  the  product  of  his  Pall  Brook  mines 
he  made  a  trafSc  arrangement  with  the  owners  of  that  portion  of  the  line  between 
Lawrenceville  and  Blossburg. 

In  1866  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  commenced  exploring  for  coal  on  the 
moimtains  near  Wilson  creek,  a  tributary  of  Babb's  creek,  about  twelve  miles 
south  of  Wellsboro,  and  rich  mines  were  discovered.  The  lands  were  purchased  by 
the  Pall  Brook  Coal  Company  and  a  new  outlet  became  necessary.  This  resulted 
in  the  incorporation,  April  4,  1867,  of  the  Lawrenceville  and  "Wellsboro  Eailroad 
Company.  A  preliminary  survey  of  the  road  was  commenced  in  September  of  that 
year.  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  construction  of  this  road, 
and  served  as  president  for  some  time. 

The  road  was  opened  in  May,  1873,  with  a  great  celebration,  which  was  at- 
tended by  many  distinguished  persons  from  other  parts  of  the  country,  among  them 
being  William  E.  Dodge  and  Governor  Seymour,  of  Kew  York.  At  Coming  the 
road  connects  with  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  and  Corning,  which  gives  direct  commimi- 
cation  with  central  New  York,  as  well  as  east  and  west  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
and  Western  railroad. 

The  Cowanesque  Branch. — Before  the  completion  of  the  new  road  from  Law- 
renceville to  Antrim,  a  movement  was  started  to  build  a  road  up  the  Cowanesque. 
This  valley  was  the  richest  agricultural  portion  of  the  county,  and  as  it  contained  a 
number  of  villages,  it  was  important  that  they  should  have  a  railroad  outlet.  The 
work  of  construction  was  commenced  at  once  and  the  road  was  completed  from  Law- 
renceville to  Elkland,  a  distance  of  twelve  miles,  by  September  15,  1873.  In.  1883 
it  was  extended  to  Westfield,  and  later  through  Potter  Brook  to  Ulysses,  in  Potter 
coiinty. 

In  1840  when  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  was  located,  it  was  thought  by 
many  that  it  should  have  passed  through  the  Cowanesque  to  Clean.  Years  after- 
ward a  line  was  surveyed  by  Horatio  Seymour,  and  on  it  the  present  road  was  built. 
The  Cowanesque  branch  was  leased  to  the  main  line,  and  the  whole  is  known  as 
the  Corning,  Cowanesque  and  Antrim  line.  Prom  Corning  to  Antrim  the  distance 
IS  fifty-three  miles.  At  Stokesdale  Junction  it  leaves  the  Pine  Creek  road  and 
runs  through  Wellsboro  to  Antrim,  a  distance  of  seventeen  miles. 

The  Pine  Creek  Branch.~FoT  many  years  efforts  had  been  made  to  build  a  raU- 
road  down  Pme  creek  to  connect  with  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  at  Jersey  Shore, 
or  the  Eeading  at  Williamsport.  This  was  regarded  as  an  important  link,  as  it  would 
afford  an  outlet  for  Tioga  county  to  the  south.    In  furtherance  of  this  object  the 

J7Jr^T'  ^'"'^  ^""^  ^'^^^^^  ^^^l^^-i  Company  was  chartered,  February 

17,  1870,  the  proposed  line  to  run  from  Jersey  Shore,  Lycoming  county,  up  Pine 
creek  *«  Ansonia;  thence  along  the  same  stream  to  Gaines,  and  thence  to  Couders- 
port  and  Port  Allegheny.  The  survey  was  made  and  the  right  of  way  obtained, 
but  nothing  further  was  accomplished  in  this  county  until  a  new  company  was 
organized  and  the  route   changed   to  run   from  Ansonia  to    Stokesdale  Junction. 

^hZZ77ZTJ""  "^"'''^  ^^  ^"^^^^^'  1«S^'  by  t^^  ^^^^^^^^  of  Hon.  Henry 
Sherwood,  of  Wellsboro,  president;    George  J.  Magee,  of  Watkins,  vice-president; 


INTEENAL   UtPBOVElEENTS.  107 


William  Howell,  of  Antrim,  secretary;  Anton  Hardt,  of  Wellsboro,  chief  engineer, 
and  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  of  New  York,  treaBurer.  The  executive  committee  was 
composed  of  the  following  gentlemen:  Henry  Sherwood,  Jefferson  Harrison,  Anton 
Hardt,  W.  H.  Vanderbilt,  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  and  George  J. 
Magee.  The  directors  were  W.  H.  Vanderbilt,  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Cornelius  Van- 
derbilt, Augustus  Schell,  George  J.  Magee,  William  Howell,  E.  G.  Schieffelin, 
Henry  Sherwood,  Walter  Sherwood,  Jefferson  Harrison,  Jerome  B.  Xiles,  Anton 
Hardt  and  John  W.  Bailey. 

No  time  was  lost  in  pushing  the  work  of  construction.  The  stockholders 
decided  that  the  road  should  be  built  to  Williamsport,  where  connection  could  be 
made  with  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  road.  The  charter  formerly  belonged 
to  the  Eeading,  but  by  a  business  arrangement  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  ^'an- 
derbilts,  George  J.  Magee  and  their  associates.  The  line  was  built  from  Williams- 
port,  up  Pine  creek,  to  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek,  at  xVnsonia;  thence  up  ilarsh 
creek  through  the  Big  Meadows  to  Stokesdale  Junction,  connecting  with  the  Com- 
ing, Cowanesque  and  Antrim  railway.  It  was  completed  and  opened  June  4,  1883, 
and  at  once  became  an  important  thoroughfare  and  outlet  to  the  south.  The  road 
runs  through  an  exceedingly  wild  and  romantic  region,  the  Pino  Cioek  canon  not 
being  excelled  in  natural  grandeur  by  any  other  point  touched  by  rail  in  the  Alle- 
gheny mountains. 

The  road  is  operated  as  part  of  the  Fall  Brook  systoin,  and  in  efficiency  of 
management  is  surpased  by  no  other  single-track  road  in  the  State.  The  distance 
from  Wellsboro  to  Williamsport  is  eighty-two  miles,  and  three  passenger  trains  are 
run  daily  each  way.  The  company  operates  375  miles  of  main  track  and  118  miles 
of  side  tracks.  There  are  3,700  cars  in  its  equipment.  The  Coming  railway  shops 
fiirnish  employment  to  617  workmen,  including  the  engineers,  firemen,  inspectors 
at  junction  points,  etc.  The  total  pay-roll  includes  the  names  of  from  1,800  to 
2,200  men,  according  to  business.  The  main  line  runs  from  Lyons,  New  York,  to 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  a  distance  of  187  miles.  There  are  four  branches,  as  fol- 
lows: The  Fall  Brook,  the  Penn  Yan,  the  Cowanesque,  and  the'  Antrim.  And 
remarkable  as  it  may  seem,  the  company  has  never  killed  a  passenger.  The  Fall 
Brook  railway  stands  at  the  head  of  single-track  railways  in  this  country.  Its 
freight  traffic  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1896,  aggregated  6,."j.j9,590  tons— more 
than  a  half  million  tons  greater  than  during  any  former  year  in  its  history.  The 
methods  of  the  Fall  Brook  company  are  far  ahead  of  all  others  in  systematic  manage- 
ment and  effective  results.  The  company  operates  over  eighty-seven  miles  of  rail- 
way within  the  limits  of  Tioga  county. 

The  principal  officers  are:  Goorjje  J.  JIagee,  president;  John  Lang,  first  vice- 
president;  W.  H.  Northrup,  passenger  agent;  G.  R.  Brown,  general  superintendent. 

THK    ELMIRA    A.ND    STATE    LINE    RAILRO.VD. 

The  coal  business  of  Tioga  had  grown  to  such  proportions  that  another  outlet 
by  rail  was  demanded;  and  in  April,  1872,  the  Elmira  and  State  Line  railroad, 
running  from  Klmira  to  a  point  near  Lawrenceville,  was  chartered  and  soon  after 
put  under  contnut.  The  road  was  finished  in  October,  187(5.  A  great  celebration 
followed  the  opening,  at  which  toasts  were  drunk  and  speeches  made.  After  leaving 
the  Tioga  valley  tlie  road  bears   off   through   the  townsliip  of  Jackson  and   then 


2^Qg  HISTOBT    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


descends  to  the  valley  of  the  Chemung,  intersecting  the  Northern.  Central  about, 
two  miles  south  of  Elmira.  Soon  after  the  opening  it  was  consolidated  with  the- 
Tioga  road,  as  the  Tioga  and  Elmira  State  Line  railroad.  The  distance  from  Elmira 
to  Blossburg  is  forty-six  miles;  and  from  the  latter  place  to  Hoytville,  whither  it 
extends,  the  distance  is  fifteen  miles,  making  the  entire  length  of  the  line  sixty-one 
miles.  Of  this  distance  thirty-five  miles  belong  in  Tioga  county.  The  line  is  oper- 
ated by  the  Erie  Kailroad  Company  as  the  Tioga  division. 

THE    ADDISON    AND    PENNSYLVANIA    EAILEOAD. 

The  late  Charles  L.  Pattison,  of  Elkland,  was  the  prime  mover  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  in  1882,  and  was  president 
of  the  Pennsylvania  division  of  the  road  up  to  his  death,  April  10,  1896.  The  sec- 
tion from  Addison  to  Westfield,  which  enters  Tioga  county  at  Nelson  station,  was- 
completed,  and  the  first  train  of  passenger  cars  run  between  those  towns,  ITovember 
27,  1882,  within  ninety  days  from  the  time  the  work  commenced.  The  line  was. 
extended  to  Gaines  by  January  1,  1883,  and  later  up  the  valley  of  Pine  creek  to 
Galeton,  in  Potter  county.  It  was  originally  a  narrow  gauge  road,  but  was  changed 
to  standard  width  in  the  spring  of  1895.  A  short  spur  of  this  road,  which  leaves- 
the  main  line  a  few  miles  above  Gaines,  connects  with  the  coal  mines  at  Gurnee,  ia 
Gaines  township. 

It  is  thus  seen  that  commendable  progress  has  been  made  in  railroad  con- 
struction in  Tioga  ooimty  since  the  opening  of  the  first  road  in  1840.  The  next, 
road  likely  to  be  built  is  the  surveyed  line  from  Blackwells  up  Babb's  creek  to  con- 
nect with  the  Arnot  and  Pine  Creek  road  at  Hoytville.  It  vnll  be  a  quick  outlet 
down  Pine  creek  for  the  settlers  in  that  region.  Blackwells,  at  the  mouth  of  Babb's 
creek,  is  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  county,  and  is  becoming  a  place  of  some 
importance  on  account  of  its  lumber  and  flagstone  traffic. 

OTHER.   HAILEOADS. 

Tie  Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Railroad,  usually  spoken  of  as  the  "Goodyear 
Line,"  was  opeied  from  Keating,  in  Potter  county,  to  Ansonia,  in  the  summer  of 
1895.  It  has  since  been  extended  to  Wellsville,  New  York.  It  connects  with  the 
Pall  Brook  at  Ansonia  and  is  an  outlet  for  travel  and  traffic  to  Buffalo. 

The  Northern  Central  Railway,  which  traverses  the  valley  of  Lycoming  creek, 
touches  the  southern  boundary  of  Union  township  at  Soaring  Branch  and  runs 
along  the  border  for  several  miles,  the  station  of  Penbryn  being  in  Tioga  county. 

The  Tiadaghton  and  Fahnastalk  Railway  Company  was  chartered  March  11, 
1892,  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a  railway  into  Elk  township,  for  the  removal 
of  logs  and  bark.  It  begins  at  Tiadaghton,  on  the  Pall  Brook  railroad,  extends  six 
miles  mto  the  forest,  and  was  built  the  same  year  it  was  chartered.  The  following 
officers  were  elected  for  1896:  President,  Creon  B.  Parr;  secretary,  J.  Harrison; 
treasurer,  C.  B.  Parr;  diectors,  G.  A.  Veil,  J.  W.  Hammond,  D.  M.  Lounsbury,  John 
L.  Landrus,  E.  G.  Schieffelin  and  George  D.  Aiken. 


CHAPTEK  IX 

INDUSTKIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 

Primitive  Saw  Mills  and  Grist  Mills— The  Morris  Mills— First  Mills  at 
Wellsboro — Babe's  Mill— In  the  Tioga  Valley— Early  Lumbering  Opera 
TiONS— A  Rafting  Reminiscence — Along  the  Cowanesqce  River— Pioneer 
Mills  on  Pine  Creek— An  Era  of  Rapid  Developbient- Risks  and  Charms 
OF  The  Business— The  Tanning  Industry— Iron  Foundries  and  Smelting 
Works— The  Manufacture  of  Glass  -  Progress  of  Agriculture— Agricul- 
tural Societies. 


THE  pioneer  settlers  within  the  borders  of  what  is  now  Tioga  county  found  its 
surface  covered  by  an  unbroiien  forest,  made  up,  for  the  most  part,  of  pine  and 
hemlock.  Tlie  former  grew  in  the  valleys  and  low  lands — though  not  conliucd  ex- 
clusively to  them,  while  the  latter  crowned  the  mountain  sidfs  and  summits  and 
occupied  the  uplands.  Here  and  there  won.'  areas  of  tlio  hard  wood  variuties,  such 
as  "sugar"  maple,  beech,  oak,  ash,  etc.  ili'lorc  liu  uould  rear  a  lioiiit-  for  himself  and 
the  iiieiiil)CT8  of  his  family,  tlif  settlor  had  to  clear  a  s|iucu,  first  for  liis  cabin  and 
afterwards  for  the  little  garden  plot,  that  as  tliu  years  went  l)y,  wu.s  enlarged,  until 
the  forest  wilderness  gave  place  to  cultivated  fields,  producing  abundant  crops  of 
-everything  needful  to  sustain  life. 

Although  there  was  timber  in  abundance,  there  was  no  lumber,  and  the  rude 
<:abin8  that  were  erected,  if  they  were  floored  at  all,  were  floored  with  puncheons  and 
round  logs.  Saw-mills  were,  therefore,  a  noeossity,  to  provide  lumber  for  the  floor- 
ing and  roofing  of  these  frontier  homes,  and  it  was  not  long  imtil  they  bi}.'an  to  be 
«rected  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  iii)on  such  streams  as  had  a  flow  of  water  suf- 
ficient to  furnish  power  for  the  primitive  machinery  tlien  in  use.  These  primitive 
mills,  with  their  flutter  wheels  and  upright  saws,  led  the  way  in  the  march  of  indus- 
trial development,  and  about  the  opening  of  the  century  began  the  work  of  forest 
destruction  that  has  stripped  the  hills  and  valleys  of  the  county  of  the  great  growth 
of  pine  and  hemlock  amid  the  sombre  gloom  of  which  savage  beasts  had  roamed  for 
aj^a-s. 

The  grist-mill  was  no  less  a  necessity  than  the  saw-mill,  but  before  grain  could 
be  ground  grain  must  lie  raised,  and  this  involved  the  preliminary  and  tiresome 
labor  of  clearing  fields  for  cultivation.  For  several  years  the  settlers  were  com- 
pelled to  go  to  Jersey  Shore  and  Williamsport,  on  the  south,  and  to  Painted  Post, 
Elniira  and  Tioga  Point,  now  Athens,  on  the  north  and  east,  for  their  flour  or  for 
the  purpose  of  having  their  scant  crops  of  wheat,  com  and  other  pmins  ground, 
and  many  stories  are  still  told  of  tlie  perils  and  hardships  endured  during  journeys 
to  and  from  these  trading  and  milling  points. 

The  first  mills  resorted  to  for  lumber  and  the  grinding  of  their  grain  by  the 


110  HISTOBY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


early  settlers  in  the  western  and  southern  parts  of  the  county,  were  those  built  by 
John  Norris,  on  the  headwaters  of  Little  Pine  creek,  near  what  is  now  the  hamlet 
of  Texas,  across  the  line  in  Lycoming  county,  as  agent  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris. 
These  mills,  known  as  "Morris'  Mills,"  were  erected  as  early  as  1799,  and  were  on  the 
line  of  the  north  and  south  State  road  opened  up  in  that  year. 

In  an  advertisement  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  published  in  the  Lycoming 
Gazette,  under  date  of  November  13,  1806,  inviting  investments  in  lots  in  the  new 
county-seat  town  of  Wellsboro,  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  "a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  store  are  situated  within  one  mile  of  the  town."  These  were  the 
mills  erected  by  Samuel  W.  Fisher  on  Marsh  creek,  below  the  borough  limits  of 
Wellsboro,  a  fuller  reference  to  which  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  Del- 
mar  township.     They  were  undoubtedly  the  first  mills  in  this  section  of  the  county. 

The  first  saw-mill  on  Babb's  creek  was  erected  in  1806,  on  the  site  of  the  present 
village  of  Morris,  by  Samson  Babb,  the  pioneer  settler  on  that  stream. 

IN    THE    TIOGA    TALLEY. 

In  the  absence  of  authentic  records  it  is  impossible,  at  this  late  day,  to  give  the 
,  name  of  the  builder  of  the  first  saw-mill  in  the  Tioga  river  valley,  which  soon  after 
its  settlement  became  the  scene  of  active  lumbering  operations.  Previous  to  1813 
mills  were  erected  along  that  stream  and  near  the  mouths  of  its  branches  as 
far  south  as  Canoe  Camp,  and  much  lumber  was  manufactured  for  shipment  down 
the  river  as  well  as  for  supplying  an  increasing  local  demand.  It  is  said  that  the 
first  grist-mill  in  the  county  was  erected  on  this  stream,  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek, 
by  Aaron  Grillet,  about  1797  or  1798,  and  that  he  also  erected  a  small  distillery 
about  the  same  time.  Both  were  soon  carried  away  by  high  water  and  Gillet  removed 
to  Cherry  Flats.  Adam  Hart,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Lawrence  township,  built 
a  saw-mill  and  a  distillery  soon  after  locating.  Joseph  Middaugh,  who  settled  near 
Hart,  also  erected  a  saw-mill.  The  first  saw-mill  at  Tioga  was  built  by  Dr.  William 
Willard,  about  1800,  or  soon  after.  The  first  grist-mill  here  was  built  in  1805  by 
Nicholas  Prutsman  and  his  sons.  As  early  as  1803  Elihu  Marvin  built  a  saw-miU  at 
Mansfield,  and  in  1805  added  a  hand  grist-mill,  which  he  had  purchased  of  Dorman 
Bloss,  a  millwright,  then  living  at  Beecher's  Island.  In  1812  Amos  Spencer  erected 
a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  at  Canoe  Camp.  In  1809  the  first  grist-mill  at  Maines- 
burg  was  erected  by  Noah  Eumsey,  Sr.,  and  two  years  later  sold  by  him  to  Jonathan 
L.  Spencer.  It  was  about  1810  that  the  De  Pui  grist-mill  was  erected  on  the  Tioga 
river  below  Tioga  borough.  It  was  resorted  to  by  the  settlers  of  the  neighboring 
townships  for  many  years. 

All  these  early  mills  were  primitive  in  their  character  and  construction.  The 
grist-mill  and  the  distillery  were  operated  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  settlers  in 
their  immediate  vicinity.  The  saw-mills  soon  became  of  more  importance,  and  the 
lumber  manufactured  in  excess  of  local  demand  was  floated  down  the  river  to  the 
markets  on  the  lower  Susquehanna.  It  was  the  only  thing  for  which  cash  could  be 
quickly  obtained,  and  it  was  relied  upon  by  the  settlers  to  furnish  them  the  means 
to  clear  their  lands  and  equip  them  with  the  implements  needed  in  their  cultivation. 

The  early  lumbermen  on  the  Tioga  river,  therefore,  floated  the  product  of  their 
mills  down  to  the  junction  of  that  stream  with  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 


INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMEXT.  Ill 

hanna,  at  Tioga  Point,  now  known  as  Athens;  thence  it  descended  the  latter  stream 
to  the  markets  below.  Ketuming  from  these  rafting  trips,  the  men  generally  came 
to  Williamsport  and  walked  over  the  mountains  from  Trout  Eun  or  Eoaring  Branch, 
for  railroads  had  not  then  been  built  and  the  stage  line  was  slow  and  uncertain. 

It  would  be  hard  to  estimate  the  value  of  lumber  floated  out  of  Tioga  county 
before  the  advent  of  railroads.  An  old  record  says  that  in  1804  about  452  rafts, 
containing  22,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  besides  a  large  number  of  arks,  loaded  with 
wheat,  flour,  staves,  whiskey  and  shingles,  the  whole  aggregating  in  value  $5,000,- 
000,  passed  out  of  the  North  Branch  at  Northumberland.  Of  course  only  a  small 
part  of  this  was  from  Tioga  county,  it  being  then  comparatively  unsettled,  but  it 
shows  the  magnitude  of  lumbering  operations  in  northern  Pennsylvania  even  at 
that  early  day. 

A    RAFTING    REMINISCENCE. 

An  old  diary  of  a  trip  from  Painted  Post  on  a  raft  to  Port  Deposit,  made  by 
Judge  Strong,  of  Steuben  county,  New  York,  in  the  early  development  of  the  busi- 
ness, gives  an  interesting  reminiscence.     Judge  Strong  says: 

Many  a  time  and  oft  when  a  boy  have  I  taken  a  convenient  station  during  the 
spring  freshet  and  watched  for  hours  the  rafts  and  arks  sweeping  out  of  the  Conhoc- 
ton  and  Tioga  rivers,  their  rollicking  stalwart  crews,  stripped  to  the  shirt,  neck  and 
bosoms  bare,  with  stout  arms,  when  the  pilot  shouted,  "Right!  Left!  Jump  to  the  work," 
raising  the  large  oars  to  the  utmost,  force  them  through  the  resisting  flood  with  a  will, 
then  lower  them  and  with  a  run  carry  them  back  ready  for  another  stroke.  So  they 
fly  from  side  to  side,  with  brief  breathing  spells,  like  cannoners  in  an  engagement. 

The  ice  had  gone  in  March,  1838,  and  the  judge  was  at  Painted  Post  when  the 
opportunity  presented  itself  for  him  to  take  advantage  of  the  ambition  of  his  life. 
He  was  employed  to  assist  in  running  a  raft  to  the  bay  as  a  'light  hand,"  at  five  shil- 
lings per  day  and  "found."  The  first  place  they  passed  was  Xewtown,  now  Elmira, 
and  they  landed  si.x  miles  below  at  Hogback,  where  Sullivan  had  a  battle  with  the 
Indians  and  Tories  in  1779.  He  made  the  journey  to  the  point  of  destination  and 
returned,  and  gave  a  very  interesting  account  of  what  he  saw  and  learned,  not 
omitting  "a  peep"  at  the  legislature  which  was  then  in  sesion  at  Harrisburg. 

ALONG    THE    COWANESQUE    HIA'ER. 

In  1804  Eddy  Howland  built  a  saw-miU  on  the  Cowanesque  above  Knoxville, 
and  soon  afterward  Emmer  Bowen  and  Ebenezer  Seelye  built  one  near  Academy 
Corners.  In  1811  Bethlehem  Thompson  erected  a  grist-mill  a  mile  above  Knoxville, 
tht-  water  being  taken  from  Inscho  run,  and  conducted  to  the  mill  in  long  continu- 
ous troughs  hewed  out  of  pine  logs.  This  mill  was  operated  about  ten  years.  The 
first  grist-mill  at  Wcstfield  was  built  by  AjTes  Tuttle  previous  to  1812.  It  appears 
on  the  assessment  list  of  that  year.  A  grist-mill  was  erected  at  Beecher's  Island  or 
Nelson  about  1810  by  John,  Thomas  and  Hopestill  Beecher,  pioneer  settlers  there. 

In  1815  a  distillery  was  built  by  Joshua  Colvin  at  a  large  spring  near  Academy 
Comers.  He  brought  the  still  and  other  apparatus  from  Herkimer  county,  Xew 
York.  Rye  and  com  were  used  exclusively.  The  rate  of  exchange  was  six  quarts  of 
whiskey  for  one  bushel  of  rye  or  com.  Sometime  in  1818  John  Knox  bought  Col- 
vin's  apparatus  and  started  a  distillery  at  the  Strawbridge  spring,  a  short  distance 


^-^2  HISTOET  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


east  of  Academy  Corners,  and  carried  it  on  about  five  years.  At  this  manufactory 
whiskey  was  made  from  corn,  rye  and  potatoes.  The  product  of  both  distilleries 
was  sold  at  home. 

PIONEBE    MILLS    ON    PINE    CEEEK. 

The  first  mills  on  Pine  creek  north  of  the  Lycoming  county  line  were  built 
between  1812  and  1815.  One  of  these  was  erected  about  a  mile  and  a  half  above 
Ansonia,  in  Shippen  township,  by  Eichard  Ellis.  Other  early  mill  owners  in  this 
township  were  Asaph  Ellis,  who  built  a  grist-mill;  Eeuben  Herrington  and  Eichard 
Phillips,  who  built  and  operated  saw-mills.  The  pioneer  saw-mill  in  Gaines  town- 
.ship  was  erected  at  Gaines  about  1815,  by  John  Smith,  on  Long  run.  Capt. 
John  Phoenix  built  a  mill  in  1817  near  the  mouth  of  Phoenix  run.  The  first  grist- 
mill in  the  township  was  erected  at  Furmantown  before  1830,  by  Aaron  Furman. 
It  was  a  hand  mill  and  was  later  replaced  by  one  run  by  water  power.  Mr.  Furman 
also  built  a  saw-mill  which  he  afterwards  sold  to  Col.  Dudley  Hewitt.  All  or  nearly 
:all  of  these  early  mills  were  washed  away  in  the  flood  of  1833,  which  either  greatly 
crippled  or  utterly  ruined  financially  those  who  were  engaged  in  lumbering  opera- 
tions in  the  Pine  Creek  valley. 

It  is  needless  to  go  into  a  detailed  history  of  all  the  mills  erected  in  those  earUer 
jears  in  the  different  parts  of  the  county.  They  have  received  adequate  mention 
in  the  township  chapters.  They  were  all  water  mills  and  were  equipped  with  the 
machinery  then  in  use.  Many  of  them  could  cut  no  more  than  1,000  feet  of  lumber 
in  twelve  hours,  and  their  output  was  consequently  insignificant  compared  with  that 
of  even  a  small  mill  of  the  present.  Much  of  the  timber  was  simply  squared  and  was 
floated  down  the  stream  in  that  form,  many  deeming  it  a  less  risky  and  more  profit- 
able way  of  handling  it. 

AN    EEA    OE    EAPID    DEVELOPMENT. 

The  early  settlers  in  the  Pine  Creek  valley  about  and  above  Ansonia  were  lum- 
bermen rather  than  farmers.  Pine  creek  was  their  highway  to  and  from  Jersey 
Shore,*  the  trips  being  made  in  canoes,  constructed  out  of  heavy  pine  trees,  or  in 
rude  flat  boats.  When  there  began  to  be  a  demand  for  lumber  the  settlers  scattered 
•along  the  creek  saw  their  opportunity  and  commenced  manufacturing.  The  pine 
in  this  section  of  the  county  was  of  a  superior  quality,  and  made  better' lumber  than 
■can  be  obtained  to-day.  Mills  sprung  up  rapidly  and  a  new  impetus  was  given  to  the 
business  when  the  construction  of  the  canal  was  commenced  up  the  "West  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna.  By  the  year  1832  large  investments  had  been  made  in  timber 
lands  along  Pine  creek  and  in  the  erection  of  saw-mills.  Lumbermen  came  from  the 
State  of  New  York,  as  well  as  from  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged 
in  the  business.  The  flood  of  1833,  already  referred  to,  proved  disastrous  to  the 
growing  enterprises,  and  its  effects  were  felt  for  a  long  time.  The  field  was,  however, 
-too  iaviting  and  it  was  not  long  before  business  rallied,  and  the  woods  swarmed 
with  lumbermen,  while  the  valley  resounded  to  the  chorus  of  many  mills. 

In  1829  Leonard  Pfoutz  erected  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  at  Manchester, 
below  Ansonia.  In  1831  John  Daily  and  John  Beecher  bought  out  Eeuben  Her- 
-rington,  who  was  known  as  a  very  stirring  man.      About  this  time  John  Mathers 

*  Pine  creek  was  declared  a  public  highway  by  the  legislature,  March  16,  1798. 


/  y 


IXDUSTBIAL  DEVELOPMENT.  113 


erected  a  saw-mill  near  the  Gaines  township  hne.  This  mill  was  aftenvard  operated 
by  Mathers  &  Scoville  and  then  by  John  ilathers  &  Company,  and  after  1845  by 
Jesse  Locke.  Leonard  Pfoutz  sold  his  mills  to  Stowell  &  Dickinson,  who,  in  1833, 
were  operating  two  saw-mills.  In  1834  they  were  running  four  saw-mills  and  a 
grist-mill,  and  were  cutting  about  5,000,000  feet  of  liunber  annually,  which  was 
floated  down  the  stream  to  the  river. 

Hezekiah  Stowell,  the  head  of  the  firm,  was  a  native  of  Chenango  county,  Ntw 
York,  where  he  was  bom  in  1796.  He  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  in  1833, 
young,  vigorous  and  ambitious,  and,  associating  himself  with  Peter  Dickinson,  they 
commenced  lumbering  on  an  extensive  scale.  In  1835  Mr.  Stowell  took  up  his 
residence  at  Pine  Creek,  now  Ansonia,  and  continued  to  live  tlurt-  until  18.51.  The 
firm  was  active  and  progressive.  They  ran  as  high  as  100  board  rafts  down  Pine 
creek  in  a  season,  or  when  the  water  was  favorable,  and  gave  employment  to  5i»0  men. 
No  greater  firm  carried  on  lumbering  in  the  coimty  in  those  days.  Tliiv  i)urclia8ed 
35,000  acres  of  timber  land  and  laid  tlie  baais  for  an  cimrmous  business.  But  owing 
to  losses  they  became  commercially  crippled  and  their  land  and  property  suh- 
sequently  passed  into  the  hands  of  I'lulps,  Dodge  &  ('(Jinpany,  :uid  that  firm  pre- 
pared to  operate  the  mills  on  a  more  txtensive  scale  than  the  former  owners.  Tlie 
Manchester  mills,  as  they  were  named,  came  to  Ijt'  re;;arde(l  as  the  eenter  of  a  large 
business.  The  little  village  of  Ansonia,  named  for  .Vnsoii  (I.  Phel]>s.  head  of  the 
firm,  grew  up  at  the  point  where  Marsh  creek  unites  with  Pine  creek,  and  it  ^till 
retains  the  name. 

After  the  new  firm  beenme  the  owners  of  the  propiTty,  Mr.  Stowell  mana^'ed  the 
business  for  them  until  1M.51.  He  then  retired  to  I»elmar  township,  wlnri'  he  Imd 
purchased  1,200  acres  of  land,  settled  upon  it  and  in  course  of  time  eleared  a  farm 
of  COO  acres.    There  he  resided  until  his  death,  wliieli  occurred  Deeemlurr  ■•i<l,  1ST4. 

Jlr.  Stowell  was  sueeeeded  as  manager  by  E.  H.  Campbell,  who  continued  to 
.serve  the  great  firm  in  that  eaiiiuity  until  his  death  at  Williamsport,  July  1". ,  istto. 

Owing  to  the  danger  and  uncertainty  of  running  the  manufactured  lumber 
down  I'ine  erei'k,  the  firm  decided  that  it  would  be  better  to  float  the  logs  down  the 
stream,  secure  them  in  a  boom  or  harbor,  and  manufacture  them  at  a  point  near  tlie 
river.  Tlie  Mancliester  mills  thenfore  \\ere  abandoned,  and  what  was  known  as 
Phelps  mills  were  built  on  Pine  creek,  in  Clinton  county,  near  the  junction  of  the 
Fall  Brook  and  Beech  (^reek  railroads.  These  mills  were  operated  on  an  extensive 
scale  until  is;i,  when  they  wire  dismantled  and  removed  to  Williamsport,  wh' re 
still  better  advantages  wt've  seciired  for  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  Sian  cly  a 
vestige  now  remains  to  mark  the  sites  of  the  Slanchester  and  Phelps  mills,  on  Pine 
creek.  All  the  jiarties  who  were  active  in  conducting  these  great  mills  are  now  de- 
censed,  including  the  old  memliers  of  the  firm,  and  new  men  have  taken  their  places. 
During  the  thirty-six  years  that  these  mills  were  operated  on  Pine  creek,  they  manu- 
factured and  sent  to  market  hundreds  of  millions  of  feet  of  lumber,  the  f.Teater  part 
of  which  was  a  superior  quality  and  commanded  the  highest  price.  But  the  stock 
oT  timber  is  now  exhausted  and  the  buzz  of  the  busy  saws  is  no  longer  heard  where 
these  ^M'eat  Pine  creek  mills  onct'  stood. 

In  18iU  the  firm  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Pennsyhania  Joint 

A 


114  HISTOHY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Land  and  Lumber  Company,  and  Gen.  Jerome  B.  ISTiles,  of  Wellsboro,  became  its 
resident  representative,  a  position  he  still  holds.  The  company  yet  owns  large 
bodies  of  land  in  Delmar  and  Shippen  townships. 

Peter  Dickinson,  the  partner  of  Hezekiah  Stowell,  was  a  native  of  Bainbridge, 
New  York.  He  was  born  May  1, 1797,  and  died  January  11,  1879,  and  is  buried  in 
Wellsboro  Cemetery.  A  younger  brother,  Samuel  Dickinson,  born  July  33,  1805, 
died  March  10,  1886,  and  is  buried  in  the  same  lot.  Both  of  these  brothers  were 
pioneer  lumbermen,  and  are  well  remembered  by  the  older  lumbermen  yet  living. 
John  Dickinson  was  a  brother  of  Peter  and  Samuel. 

Soon  after  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company  became  the  owners  of  the  Stowell  & 
Dickinson  property,  Mr.  Dickinson  was  sent  to  Baltimore  to  manage  the  interest  of 
the  new  firm  in  that  city,  as  that  was  the  market  to  which  they  shipped  their  lum- 
ber. He  did  not  remain  very  long  there,  for  in  a  few  years  we  find  him  back  on 
the  Susquehanna  conducting  a  mill  near  Lock  Haven.  He  was  a  man  of  "large 
expectations,"  but  never  realized  what  he  so  fondly  cherished. 

His  younger  brother,  Samuel,  was  wiser.  He  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1833, 
built  a  storehouse,  stocked  it  with  goods  and  did  a  large  business.  The  storehouse 
was  the  building  in  which  Chester  and  John  L.  Robinson — ^who  purchased  it — 
afterwards  carried  on  business  and  later  opened  the  bank,  where  the  great  robbery 
occurred  in  1874.    The  old  building  is  now  used  for  a  carpenter  shop. 

Silas  Billings,  an  early  settler  and  mill-owner  and  lumberman  at  Knoxville, 
made  an  investment  in  mills  and  lands  in  Gaines  township  about  the  time  that 
Stowell  &  Dickinson  began  operations  at  Manchester,  and  soon  became  a  leader 
among  the  lumbermen  of  the  Pine  Creek  valley.  In  1831  he  purchased  the  John 
Benn  mill  property  at  Gaines,  and  within  a  few  years  was  operating  on  an  extensive 
scale,  having  added  to  his  Gaines  township  lands  large  bodies  of  pine  and  hemlock 
lands  in  Elk  township.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life  and  after  his  death  his  ex- 
tensive business  enterprises  were  managed  by  his  son,  Silas  X.  Billings,  who  soon 
became  the  leading  lumberman  of  the  county.  He  operated  on  a  large  scale,  and 
through  the  exercise  of  good  Judgment  and  an  intelligent  oversight  of  his  afEairs 
was  notably  successful.  Among  the  other  prominent  operators  in  this  township  were 
John  L.  Phoenix,  Col.  Dudley  Hewitt,  Stephen  and  Simeon  Babcock  and  David 
Eexford. 

HISKS   AND   CHARMS    OP   THE   BUSINESS. 

Pew,  if  any,  of  the  early  lumbermen  made  any  money  at  the  business.  The 
owners  of  small  mills  scarcely  realized  as  much  from  them  as  a  good  farmer  would 
now  make  on  a  twenty-acre  farm.  But  lumber  was  about  the  only  thing  that 
brought  any  ready  money  into  the  county,  and  the  timber  had  to  be  cleared  away 
before  the  land  could  be  cultivated.  Farming,  at  least,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
coimty,  was  at  a  low  ebb,  none  making  more  than  enough  to  eke  out  a  scanty  living 
for  a  family.  Men,  women  and  children  had  to  live,  and  to  live  decently  had  to  have 
clothing,  and  to  live  at  all  had  to  have  something  to  eat,  and  the  men  especially  had 
to  have  something  to  drink.  They  could  raise  a  little  rye,  which  was  changed  into 
whisky  at  the  distillery  in  Wellsboro;  but  tea  and  coffee  and  spices  and  cotton  they 
could  not  raise,  and  the  only  business  that  furnished  the  money  to  buy  these  neces- 
saries was  lumbering. 


IXDUSTKIAL  DEVELOPMENT.  115 

It  is  hard  to  tell  whether  it  was  sawed  lumber  or  squared  timber  that  brought 
most  money  back  to  the  creek  settlement;  and  what  did  come  generally  went  to 
Wellsboro  to  pay  store  bills  contracted  during  the  lumbering  season,  never  for  a 
moment  forgetting  the  little  stone  distillery  across  the  creek  in  that  town.  Pay 
day  was  always  "after  rafting,"  and  it  was  generally  futile  and  very  unpopular  to 
attempt  to  collect  a  debt  till  after  the  spring  floods  had  floated  the  lumber  to  market 
and  its  diminishing  price  had  been  brought  back. 

With  all  the  hard  work  and  drawbacks  of  those  days,  lumbering  on  Pine  creek 
had  its  charms.  With  the  hardy,  rugged  lumbermen  it  made  little  difference 
whether  he  slept  on  a  board,  hemlock  boughs,  or  a  feather  bed.  Most  of  them  pre- 
ferred the  former. 

THE    TANXI.Nd     INDUSTRY. 

The  assessment  list  of  1812  shows  that  two  tanyards,  one  assessed  to  William 
Baker  and  the  other  to  Ebenezer  Jackson,  were  then  in  operation  in  Tioga  township. 
As  the  different  townships  settled  up  local  tanyards  were  established  and  the  tanning 
of  leather,  for  home  use,  became  one  of  the  recognized  industries  of  the  county.  In 
time  some  of  these  local  enterprises  began  to  tan  for  shipment,  and  in  this  way  ex- 
tended the  industry.  The  presence  of  vast  forests  of  hemlock,  promising  an  almost 
inexhaustible  supply  of  hemlock  bark,  essential  in  the  tanning  of  leather,  invited 
a  larger  investment  of  capital,  and  led  to  (lie  erection  of  a  number  of  great  tan- 
neries at  different  points  within  the  county.  These  are  given  iinijicr  notice  in 
the  township  chapters.  All  of  these  e-xtensive  tanning  plants  have  been  erected 
within  the  past  thirty  years,  and,  with  the  e.xception  of  the  Kingsley  tannery  at 
Mansfield,  the  tannery  of  John  (iisin,  at  Wellsboro,  and  the  p]berk'  tannery  at  West- 
field,  are  devoted  to  the  production  of  sole  leather.  In  May,  1893,  these  sole  leather 
tanneries,  except  the  one  at  Elkland,  passed  into  the  eontrol  of  the  L''nion  Tanning 
Company,  whicli  is  a  member  of  the  L'nited  States  Leather  Company.  This  great 
eorporation  now  operates  the  tanneries  at  Blossburg,  Tioga,  Osceola,  Westfield, 
Stokesdale,  Niles  A'alley,  Iloytville,  Leetonia  and  Manliattan.  At  the  time  of  its 
erection  in  18S3,  the  tannery  at  Iloytville  was  the  largest  steam  tannery  in  the 
world,  having  a  capacity  of  1,000  hides  of  leather  a  day.  The  aj:j:regate  output  of 
the  tanneries  of  the  county,  when  v\orking  to  their  full  capacity,  is  over  1,000,000 
hides  of  leather  per  annum.  During  later  years,  owing  to  a  nimiber  of  causes,  the 
output  has  been  greatly  reduced.  These  various  enterprises  give  employment  to 
hundreds  of  men,  not  only  in  and  around  the  tanneries  themselves,  but  in  the  woods, 
getting  out  hemlock  bark,  not  far  from  100,000  cords  of  which  is  used  annually.  A 
large  proportion  of  the  hides  tanned  come  from  South  America.  Their  transpor- 
tation to  the  tanneries  and  from  them,  as  leather,  forms  an  important  item  in  the 
freight  traffic  of  the  railroad  eompanies  doing  business  in  the  county. 

inON'    FOINDRIES    AND    SMELTING    WORKS. 

Perhaps  the  ver)'  first  attempt  at  establishing  an  iron  foundry  in  the  count  v 
was  made  by  Benjamin  W.  ^lorris  at  Wellsboro.  The  year  in  which  it  was  built  is 
not  clearly  known,  but  it  must  linve  been  quite  early.  It  stood  about  where 
the  glass  works  were  ereded  in  more  modern  times.  William  Bache  says  that  he 
reniemliers    being  in  the  foundry.      A  few  castinirs,  consisting    of    sugar  kettles, 


116  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COXTNTT. 


cooking  utensils,  andirons,  etc.,  were  made.  He  obtained  his  iron  from  bog  ora. 
As  Mr.  Baehe  was  born  in  1813,  it  must  have  been  some  years  after  that  when 
the  foundry  was  established — unless  it  was  the  ruins  he  saw.  In  that  case,  it  might 
have  been  built  about  the  time  of  his  birth,  or  earlier. 

About  1813  a  small  iron  foundry  was  started  at  Lawrenceville,  but  the  name 
of  the  founder  has  not  been  preserved.  In  later  years  the  plant  was  carried  on  by 
James  Kinsey. 

About  1835  Judge  John  H.  Knapp,  of  Elmira,  New  York,  became  interested  in 
coal  and  iron  lands  at  Blossburg,  and  a  few  years  later  began  the  erection  of  an  iron 
furnace.  After  being  owned  and  operated  by  a  number  of  parties,  usually  at  a  loss, 
the  plant  was  purchased  by  T.  J.  Mooers,  in  1864,  and  has  since  been  used  as  an 
iron  foundry.  In  1855  an  iron  furnace  was  erected  at  Mansfield  by  Charles  F, 
Swan  for  the  Mansfield  Iron  Company.  It  was  operated  until  1870,  the  ore  being 
obtained  from  a  deposit  in  Eichmond  to-«Tiship  three  miles  west  of  Mansfield,  and 
also  from  a  deposit  at  Eoseville. 

Although  iron  foundries  are  still  carried  on  successfully  in  many  of  the  villages 
and  boroughs  of  the  county,  the  production  of  pig  iron  from  iron  ore  ceased  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago.  The  iron  ore,  containing  but  about  forty  per  cent,  of  iron,  was 
not  of  a  character  to  warrant  a  further  investment  of  capital,  in  competition  with 
other  portions  of  the  country,  where  the  character  of  the  ore  and  extent  of  the 
deposits  insured  a  cheaper  production  of  pig  iron. 

THE   MANUFACTUEE    OE   GLASS. 

The  presence  in  the  same  localities  of  glass  sand-rock  and  of  coal  offered  an 
opportunity  for  the  investment  of  capital  in  the  manufacture  of  glass.  The  first 
factory  was  established  at  Blossburg  in  1847  and  was  operated  for  nearly  forty  years, 
first  by  William  Dezang,  of  Geneva,  New  York,  and  after  him  by  James  H.  Gulick, 
and  then  by  Hirsch,  Ely  &  Company.  After  being  successfully  carried  on  for  nearly 
forty  years  it  passed  into  the  control  of  the  United  Glass  Company,  and  was  shut 
down.  Another  factory  was  erected  about  1850  at  Covington.  It  has  also  had  vari- 
ous owners,  the  present  ones  being  a  local  stock  company.  It  is  now  being  operated 
on  the  co-operative  plan.  In  later  years  a  factory  was  established  in  Wellsboro,  but 
after  being  twice  destroyed  by  fire,  the  enterprise  was  abandoned.  All  these  factories 
were  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  window  glass,  a  fine  quality  of  which  was  pro- 
duced.   A  revival  and  extension  of  this  industry  is  looked  for  in  the  near  future. 

Another  natural  resource  is  moulding  sand  for  foundries.  The  deposits  are  ex- 
tensive, and  considerable  quantities  are  shipped  to  Elmira  and  other  places.  Large 
quantities  of  glass  sand  are  also  shipped  from  Brownlee,  in  Duncan  township,  where 
a  rock-crushing  plant  is  in  operation. 

PEOGEESS     OF     AGEICULTUEE. 

But  it  is  to  the  patient  and  persistent  labor  of  sturdy  and  stout-hearted  hus- 
bandmen that  the  greater  share  of  the  present  prosperity  of  Tioga  county  is  to  be  at- 
tributed.   This  labor,  begun  with  the  felling  of  the  first  tree  and  the  clearing  of  the 
first  garden  spot,  has  transformed  the  face  of  the  county  from  a  dense  and  unbroken 
iorest  wilderness,  into  cultivated  fields,  orchards  and  gardens,    dotted  with   farm 


IKDU8TB1AL  DEVELOPMEXT.  117 

homes,  the  abiding  places  of  comfort,  thrift,  intelligence  and  happiness,  and  has, 
notwithstanding  a  rough  and  rugged  surface,  placed  the  county  well  up  in  the  list 
of  the  prosperous  and  productive  agricultural  counties  of  the  State. 

At  first  the  land  in  the  valleys  of  the  principal  streams  and  their  branches  were 
settled  and  cleared,  it  being  thought  that  those  valley  lands,  in  addition  to  being  the 
most  accessible,  were  the  most  fertile.  But,  as  the  county  became  more  settled,  the 
uplands  began  to  be  cleared  and  their  fertility  tested,  and  the  fact  established  that 
some  of  the  richest  and  most  enduring  soil  is  to  be  found  in  the  more  elevated  sec- 
tions. The  upland  farms  are  now,  therefore,  regarded  as  equal,  one  year  with  an 
other,  in  productiveness,  with  those  in  the  creek  and  river  valleys. 

Diiring  the  earlier  years  of  the  county's  history,  when  lumbering  was  largely 
depended  on  to  supply  ready  money,  agriculture  did  not  receive  the  attention  it  has 
since  the  practical  disappearance  of  the  pine  and  hemlock  forests.  The  diversified 
farming  of  the  present  was  unknown,  as  well  as  the  methods  pursued  by  the  first- 
class  farmer  of  to-day.  The  man  who  owned  a  stumpy  clearing  was  glad  to  produce 
enough  wheat,  com,  rye  or  oats  to  feed  his  family  and  the  animals  used  in  the  labor 
of  the  field  and  the  woods,  the  surplus  that  found  itn  way  to  market  being  a  very 
small  per  centage  of  the  whole. 

The  fields  of  the  present  bear  but  a  slight  resemblanco  to  those  of  early  days. 
On  many  of  them  the  labor  of  four  generations — continued  year  after  year  with  in- 
finite patience— has  seareely  sufficed  to  free  them,  first  of  stumps  and,  later,  of 
stones,  so  as  to  make  possible  the  use  of  modern  farm  machiner>-.  Their  pr.sont 
condition  bears  eloquent  witness  to  what  can  be  aeenmplished  in  the  face  of  the  most 
discouraging  and  disheartening  primary  conditions,  and  tells  the  story,  better  than 
words  can  tell  it,  of  the  sturdy  and  stalwart  cliaracter  of  the  men  and  wonien.  wliu, 
from  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  county  to  the  present,  have  Keen  the  main  factor 
in  its  industrial  growth  and  develojimcnt. 

While  all  the  cereal  grains  are  produced  in  the  county,  more  attention  is  paid  to 
oats,  corn  and  buckwheat  than  to  wheat,  barley  and  rye.  Considerable  tobacco  has 
also  been  produced,  especially  in  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesquc  river  valleys,  within  the 
last  twenty  years,  eaeli  year,  until  the  recent  decline  in  prices,  shewing  an  increased 

acreage. 

The  census  of  1890  shows  the  following  acreage  and  production  of  each  of  the 

leading  cereal  crops: 

FwducU.  Acres,        Bus.         Products.  ATizf^"^ 

Wheat  2,371         34,766  Corn 4,540       137,904 

nT -.54  5,953  Buckwheat,    17.369       300,206 

OatB 31,605      870,747         Barley l'^'         •^'*'"-* 

This  gives  a  total  of  58.1'.'(i  acres  cultivated,  with  an  aggregate  product  of  1,- 
381  G.V)  bushels  As  there  has  been  a  notable  increase  in  the  acreage  of  cleared 
land  since  these  statistics  were  gathered,  it  would  be  safe  to  assume  that  the  total  pro- 
duction of  those  cereals  for  ISIH;  would  reach  over  1,500,000  hushels,  pronded  there 
was  a  proportionate  increase  in  the  acreage  devoted  to  them.  Within  the  past  few 
years  however,  many  farmers  have  turned  aside  from  the  (.TOwing  of  the  different 
grain's  to  the  growing  of  grasses  for  pasturage  and  hay.  and  the  county  is  fast  forging 
forward  as  a  count v  of  dairy  and  meadow  farms.    The  cultivation  -f  buckwheat, 


118  HISTOET  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


however,  still  holds  a  prominent  place,  a  large  acreage  being  each  year  devoted  to  it. 
In  1890,  as  shown  in  the  figures  given,  17,369  acres  produced  300,306  bushels, 
making  Tioga  and  Bradford  counties,  which  produced  506,413  bushels  in  the  same 
year,  two  of  the  greatest  buckwheat-producing  counties  in  the  State.  The  cultiva- 
tion of  tobacco  increased  from  234  acres  and  393,198  pounds  in  1879,  as  shown,  by 
the  census  of  1880,  to  457  acres  and  498,753  pounds  in  1889,  as  shown  by  the  census 
of  1890.  This  crop,  when  prices  are  good,  is  a  very  profitable  one,  but  during  the 
past  two  years  prices  have  fallen  so  low  that  the  production  has  greatly  decreased. 

An  examination  of  a  summary  of  the  assessment  for  1896,  prepared  by  the 
county  commissioners  for  transmission  to  the  secretary  of  internal  affairs,  as  required 
by  law,  shows  that  there  are  17,086  taxables  in  the  county.  The  total  number  of 
acres  of  land  reported  is  669,576,  of  which  410,488  acres  are  cleared  and  359,088 
acres  are  timber  lands.  The  total  value  of  real  estate  is  given  at  $16,158,685,  of 
which  $13,773,835  is  taxable,  and  $3,384,850  is  exempt  from  taxation.  There  are 
9,531  horses  and  14,759  neat  cattle  in  the  county.  The  aggregate  county  tax  is 
$104,636.10,  the  levy  being  seven  mills  on  the  dollar.  The  aggregate  state  tax  is  $9,- 
765.87,  the  levy  being  four  mills  on  a  dollar.  The  amount  of  money  at  in- 
terest is  $3,437,973,  and  the  total  county  debt  $175,000.  The  total  taxation  for  all  ' 
purposes,  for  1895,  including  bridges,  roads,  etc.,  as  well  as  that  derived  from  money 
at  interest,  was  $306,610.70. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  there  is  a  wide  margin  between  the  assessment  value 
of  real  estate  and  its  actual  value,  the  former  usually  representing  about  one-third 
of  the  latter.  Applying  this  rule  to  Tioga  county,  the  present  value  of  its  real  estate 
would  reach  a  total  of  $50,000,000,  a  grand  increase  in  value  over  that  of  100  years 
ago,  when  an  average  of  one  dollar  an  acre  would  have  been  considered  a  good  price 
to  have  paid  for  the  land  of  the  county.  The  present  value  represents  not  only  the 
labor  expended  in  clearing  and  cultivating  the  land,  in  erecting  buildings,  fences, 
etc.,  but  it  represents  the  advantage  of  being  within  easy  reach  of  the  best  markets 
in  the  country,  insuring  a  certainty  of  always  realizing  the  best  prices  for  the  pro- 
duets  of  the  garden,  the  field  and  the  orchard.  It  also  represents  the  advantages  of 
good  schools,  good  churches  and  good  society,  things  as  desirable  as  fertile  acres  or 
modem  farm  equipments. 

AGEICULTUEAL     SOCIETIES. 

The  first  agricultural  society  in  the  county  was  organized  at  Wellsboro  as  early 
as  1854.  The  names  of  the  first  ofiicers  are  not  obtainable,  but  those  for  1855  were 
as  follows:  President,  William  B.  Clymer;  vice-presidents,  Daniel  L.  Sherwood, 
George  McLeod,  B.  C.  Wickham,  Ira  Bulkley  and  J.  S.  Kingsbury;  corresponding 
secretary,  P.  E.  Smith;  recording  secretary,  G.  D.  Smith;  treasurer,  John  F.  Don- 
aldson. There  was  a  long  list  of  names  of  persons  composing  the  executive  com- 
mittee, embracing  many  of  the  best  men  in  the  county.  Efforts  were  made  to  arouse 
an  interest  in  agriculture  throughout  the  county  and  they  were  successful.  Eairs 
were  held,  premiums  were  paid,  and  a  stimulus  given  to  the  growing  of  better  crops 
of  all  kinds  and  to  the  breeding  and  rearing  of  better  grades  of  horses,  cattle,  hogs, 
sheep  and  poultry.  In  1859  Horace  Greeley  delivered  the  annual  address,  which 
called  forth  a  large  attendance. 


COAL    MINES    AXD    MINING.  119 


At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  the  fairs  were  discontinued,  but  were  resumed 
in  1866,  and  regularly  held  for  a  number  of  years.  Among  those  who  served  as  presi- 
dents of  the  society  may  be  mentioned  Hon.  Stephen  F.  Wilson,  Hon.  Henry  W. 
Williams,  Hon.  John  I.  Mitchell  and  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood.  Such  distinguished 
speakers,  aside  from  Horace  Greeley,  as  Hon.  Henry  White  and  ex-Governor  Pol- 
lock delivered  annual  addresses. 

On  November  3,  1877,  the  Tioga  County  Pomona  Grange  was  organized  with 
forty  charter  members,  its  hall  and  headquarters  being  ia  Wellsboro.  It  soon  after- 
wards purchased  the  grounds,  consisting  of  thirteen  acres  and  buildings,  of  the  Tioga 
County  Agricultural  Aid  Society.  Its  special  and  annual  meetings  are  held  here, 
but  the  annual  fair  has  been  practically  abandoned,  not  receiving  paying  financial 
support. 

The  Smythe  Park  Association  at  ilansfield  and  the  Cowanesque  Valley  Agri- 
cultural Association  at  Westfield,  have  for  a  number  of  years  conducted  successful 
fairs  in  the  boroughs  named.  Both  organizations  are  well  managed  and  embrace 
in  their  membership  many  of  the  most  active,  aggressive  and  enterprising  business 
men  of  the  county.  They  receive  adequate  notice  in  the  chapters  devoted  to  Mans- 
field and  Westfield. 

The  Patrons  of  Husbandry  are  exceedingly  strong  in  Tioga  county,  having  in 
the  neighborhood  of  fifty  granges  and  5,000  members,  composed  of  both  sexes.  The 
avowed  object  of  this  order  is  to  advance  the  interest  and  elevate  the  condition  of 
agriculture  and  to  aid  those  engaged  therein  to  conduct  their  business  in  con- 
formity with  scientific  principles.  The  Farmers'  Alliance  is  also  represented  in  the 
county,  but  as  yet  have  not  obtained  a  strong  foothold. 


CHAPTEK  X. 

COAL  MINES  AND  MINING. 

THE    BLOSSBDRG    AND    GAINES    COAL    BASINS-THEORIES  CONTERNINO    THEIR    FOR- 

mation-Their  Extent  and  Character-The  Discovery  of  Coal  at  Bloss- 

BORG-PIONEER  MINES  AND  MININQ-EaRLY  ATTEMPTS  AT   DEVELOPMENT-THE 

Tioga  Navigation  Company-First  Geological  Survey-The  .vrbon  Coal 
Company-Sir  Charles  Lyells  Visit-Coal  Seams  Described-Character 
AND  Uses  op  Blossburg  Coal-The  Manufacture  of  Coke-Labor  Strikes 
and  Troubles-Recent  Statistics-Past  and  Present. 


SEOL()(ilSTS  tell  us  that  when  the  earth  was  many  million  years  younger  than 
it  is  now,  Tioga  county  presented  an  entirely  different  surface  appearance  from 
t  witli  which  those  who  live  within  its  boundaries  are  familiar.  Then  the  sites  of 
the  existing  valleys  were  several  thousand  feet  higher  than  the  mountains  that  now 
inclose  them,  while  the  mountains  themselves,  especially  tli'>se  embraced  in  what 
are  known  as  the  Blossburg  and  Gaines  coal  basins,  were  much  lower  than  at  present. 


120  HISTOKT   OB   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


and  formed  a  series  of  troughs  or  basins,  in  which,  as  the  years  passed,  were  de- 
posited veins  of  semi-bituminous  coal,  varying  in  thickness  from  a  few  inches  to 
several  feet.  Between  these  coal  veins  there  was  also  deposited  varying  strata  of 
slate,  fire  clay,  iron  ore,  sand-stone  and  shale.  The  lowest  of  these  veins — in  the 
Blossburg  basin — lies  at  an  elevation  of  about  1,400  feet  above  tide  water,  and  the 
highest  at  an  elevation  of  about  1,800  feet,  giving  the  coal  measures  of  that  basia 
an  average  thickness  of  between  300  and  400  feet.  The  highest  vein  in  the  county 
is  in  the  Gaines  coal  basin,  and  is  now  being  worked  at  Gurnee,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  2,100  feet.  The  thickness  of  the  coal  meastu-es  of  this  basin — though  not  so 
accurately  determined,  is  about  the  same  as  that  of  the  Blossburg  coal  basin. 
Between  the  lower  and  the  upper  level  of  the  Blossburg  basin — ^which  has  been  ac- 
curately surveyed  and  thoroughly  developed — there  have  been  discovered  no  less 
than  ten  distinct  veins  of  coal,  the  majority  of  which  are  too  thin  to  be  workable. 
The  best  workable  vein — ^known  as  the  "Bloss"  vein — averages  from  three  to  five 
feet  in  thickness. 

If  the  geologists  have  read  and  interpreted  the  story  of  the  rocks  aright,  the 
mountains  in  which  for  ages  this  coal  lay  concealed — a  source  of  heat  and  energy — 
were,  when  the  lowest  vein  was  formed,  from  300  to  400  feet  lower  than  at  present. 
Instead  of  being  mountains,  they  were  deep  mountain-inclosed  basins  or  troughs. 
The  erosion  of  ages  wore  away  these  mountain  barriers,  burying  one  coal  deposit 
after  another,  and  raising  up  the  basins  to  a  higher  level.  The  waters  flowing  down 
the  outer  sides  of  the  mountains,  naturally  followed  the  direction  of  the  least  re- 
sistance, and  scooped  out  the  present  valleys.  In  this  work  of  surface  transforma- 
tion the  greater  part  of  the  coal  was  washed  away,  and  was  borne  on  the  currents  of 
the  Tioga  river  and  of  Pine  creek,  to  the  Susquehanna  and  the  sea. 

After  this  change  in  the  appearance  of  the  county  had  been  effected,  there  re- 
mained two  coal  basins  of  limited  area  and  extent.  The  larger  of  these,  known  as 
the  "Blossburg  Coal  Basin,"  is  a  "canoe-shaped  synclinal  basin,  remarkably  symmet- 
rical, extending  from  a  point  just  bej'ond  Pall  Brook,  on  the  east,"  to  and  beyond 
Pine  creek,  west  of  which  the  basin  rises  out  to  a  canoe-shaped  point.  The  general 
strike  of  this  basin  is  north  77  degrees  east,  and  south  77  degrees  west.  Its  coal  de- 
posits are  broken  up  into  irregular  tracts  or  patches  by  the  headwater  branches  of 
the  Tioga  river,  and  by  Babb's  creek  and  its  tributaries.  There  are  evidences  that 
when  the  different  coal  veins  were  first  formed  they  extended  in  unbroken  continuity 
over  a  much  wider  area  than  that  covered  by  the  existing  coal-bearing  tracts  or 
patches.  In  scooping  out  their  valleys,  the  streams  washed  the  connecting  coal 
away,  leaving  but  a  remnant  of  stored  energy  of  a  by-gone  age. 

It  is  in  the  Gaines  coal  basin,  however,  that  this  loss  by  erosion  is  most  notice- 
able. This  basin  begins  near  the  northeast  corner  of  Jacksoli  township,  on  the 
Bradford  county  line,  and  stretches  southwest  to  the  Potter  county  line.  All  this  is 
left  of  what  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  vast  store  of  coal,  is  embraced  in  a  few  hun- 
dred acres  in  Gaines  township,  and  a  still  smaller  area  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
Delmar  township.  The  deposit  in  Gaines  township  covers  perhaps  400  acres,  near 
the  northeastern  comer,  in  what  is  known  as  the  "Barrens."  The  coal  openings 
here,  in  the  mines  of  the  Gaines  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  are  about  2,100  feet  above 


COAL  MIXES  AXD  iirsmG.  121 


the  level  of  the  sea.     West  of  Long  run,  in  the  same  township,  on  the  Potter  county 
line,  is  a  smaller  deposit. 

The  Blossburg  coal  basin  is  about  thirty  miles  long,  with  an  average  width  of 
three  miles.  It  contains  about  30,000  acres  of  workable  coal,  the  total  possible  pro- 
duction beiDg  variously  estimated,  the  lowest  estimate  placing  it  at  75,000,000  tons, 
and  the  highest  estimate  at  twice  that  amount,  being  an  average  for  the  entire  coal- 
bearing  area  of  the  basin  of  5,000  tons  to  the  acre.  Within  this  basin  lie  the  mines 
of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  at  Fall  Brook  and  Antrim;  the  Morris  Run  Coal 
Company,  at  Morris  Run,  and  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company  at  Amot  and  Lan- 
drus,  and,  also,  the  mines  of  a  niimber  of  independent  operators  in  and  around 
Blossburg.  The  history  of  the  organization  of  each  of  these  companies  is  given  in 
the  cliapters  devoted  to  the  places  named,  ilentidn  is  also  made  in  the  proper  placea 
of  those  operating  independent  mines. 

THE    DISCOVEHY    OF    COAL    AT    BLOSSBURIJ. 

Coal  was  first  discovered  in  Tioga  county  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  the 
borough  of  Blosssburg.  It  is  claimed  tiie  discoverers  were  Robert  and  Benjamin 
Patterson,  two  noted  Indian  scouts,  who  were  eiiijilnyed  by  Captain  Williamson  in 
1792,  to  guide  a  ]iarty  of  500  German  and  iMifilish  immigrants  from  Williumsport,. 
over  the  mountains,  through  what  is  now  Tioga  county,  to  the  ••(ieiie^ee  Country," 
in  southern  New  York.  To  enable  these  immigrants  to  reach  their  destination,  it 
was  necessary  to  cut  a  road  through  the  wildenuss.  To  tiiis  work  the  men  addressed 
themselves,  while  the  women  and  children  reniiiined  in  camp.  Wliea  the  road  was- 
opened  as  far  as  Tioga  river,  a  site  for  a  cainp  was  selected  within  what  is  now  the 
borough  of  Blossburg.  This  was  called  "I'eter's  Camp,"  from  the  name  of  the  man 
who  did  the  baking  for  the  party.  It  was  while  sojourning  here  that  the  Pattersons 
discovered  coal  in  the  mountains,  which  it  is  claimed,  was  used  by  the  immigrante 
and  pronounced  "good."  This  may  be,  but  the  abundance  of  wood— an  inexliausti- 
ble  supply  being  afforded  by  the  clearing  of  the  roadway— precludes  the  idea  that 
the  immigrants  devoted  themselves  to  the  difficult  work  of  dif.ving  coal  for  fuel.  If 
they  used  it  at  all,  it  was  merely  to  sample  it,  but  even  this  limited  use  might  enable 
them  to  judge  of  its  quality  and  justify  them  in  pronouncing  it  "good." 

PIONEER     MINES     AND     MIXING. 

To  the  pioneer,  David  Clemons,  belongs  the  credit  of  being  the  first  person  to 
mine  coal  in  Tioga  county  for  shipment,  and  to  his  humble  efforts  in  this  direction 
is  to  he  attributed  the  beginning  of  the  wide-spread  name  and  fame  of  the  celebra- 
ted Blossburg  coal,  ('lemons  came  in  1806  and  settled  in  the  Tioga  valley,  near  the 
southern  houndaiT  line  of  Covington  township.  Like  all  early  pioneers,  he  was  a 
hunter,  and  it  is  presumed  that  while  wandering  over  the  mountains  and  through  the 
ravines,  be  discovered  the  outcropping  coal  on  the  land  of  Aaron  Bloss,  and  made  a 
Batisfactorv  arrangement  with  him  for  developing  it.  He  opened  a  drift— known 
for  many  years  as  the  "Clemons  Opening"— on  IVar  creek,  a  small  stream,  flowing 
in  a  southwest  direction,  down  a  narrow  rarine.  and  emptying  int..  the  Tioga  river, 
just  below  the  business  center  of  BU.ssburg.  The  vein  is  the  fifth  from  the  surface, 
and  averages  three  feet  in  thickness,  the  coal  being  of  an  excellent  bituminous 
quality. 


122  HISTOET   01?    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


That  Aaron  Bloss  was  aware  of  the  presence  of  mineral  on  his  land  soon 
after  settling  at  Peter's  Camp,  is  e-videnced  by  the  fact  that  under  date  of  October 
24,  1807,  he  entered  into  an  agreement  to  convey  400  acres  to  Jeremiah  Eees,  of 
Harrisburg,  on  the  event  of  his  being  able  to  perfect  title  to  the  same,  for  the  simi 
of  $1,300,  which  agreement  contaiaed  a  proviso,  "that  the  said  ore  bank  shall  be 
included  in  the  said  survey  when  made."  The  ore  referred  to  is  presumed  to  mean 
iron  ore,  there  being  a  large  deposit  of  it,  as  well  as  of  coal,  on  the  land.  This 
agreement  seems  never  to  have  been  perfected  by  the  transfer  of  the  land  in  question, 
for  which  Aaron  Bloss  obtained  warrant  ISTo.  608,  November  13,  1807,  and  a  deed 
of  patent  April  36,  1808,  thus  becoming  the  lawful  and  undisputed  owner  of  it. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  exact  date  of  the  opening  of  the  first  drift  by  David 
demons  cannot  be  ascertained.  It  was  probably  not  far  from  1815.  Blossburg  at 
that  time  had  not  even  begun  to  take  on  the  form  of  a  village.  It  could  furnish  him 
no  market,  nor  could  he  hope  to  dispose  of  even  an  occasional  load  in  either  Coving- 
ton or  Tioga,  then  mere  hamlets.  The  nearest  trading  point  on  the  south  was 
Williamsport,  the  road  to  which  led  over  the  mountains.  Travel  over  it  was  attended 
with  such  difficulties,  that  the  settlers  as  far  south  as  Blossburg  preferred  to  go 
down  the  river  valley  to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  It  was  to  this  latter  place  that 
David  demons  hauled  the  first  load  of  coal.  A  practical  test  showed  it  to  be  es- 
pecially adapted  for  smithing  purposes,  and  he  soon  found  a  ready  market  for  the 
limited  quantity  he  was  able  to  mine  and  transport  overland  by  wagon. 

Soon  after  demons  opened  his  drift,  Aaron  Bloss  uncovered  a  lower  vein — ^the 
■sixth  from  the  surface — ^known  as  the  "Bloss"  vein.  This  is  the  one  that  has  been 
worked  at  Blossburg,  Morris  Eun,  Fall  Brook  and  Arnot,  since  the  opening  of  the 
mines  at  those  places  and  the  shipment  of  the  coal  to  market  began.  The  coal  is 
■all  known  as  Blossburg  coal.  Aaron  Bloss  does  not,  however,  appear  to  have  mined 
for  shipment,  but  rather  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the  extent  and  character  of  the 
deposit,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  it  to  the  notice  of  parties  possessing  the  means 
io  properly  develop  it. 

BARLT    ATTEMPTS    AT    DEVELOPMENT. 

The  fact  that  the  mountain  near  the  headwaters  of  the  Tioga  river  contaiaed 
a  large  deposit  of  semi-bituminous  coal  of  an  excellent  quality,  as  well  as  an  abund- 
ance of  iron  ore,  soon  became  widely  known,  and  men  of  means  and  enterprise  were 
led  to  investigate  their  extent  and  character.  The  first  of  these  was  Judge  John  H. 
Knapp,  of  Elmira,  New  York.  A  personal  investigation  satisfied  him  that  the  coal 
deposit  was  an  extensive  one,  and  that  there  existed  in  connection  with  it  a  valuable 
deposit  of  iron  ore.  So  close  were  the  two  veins  to  each  other  that  they  could  be 
mined  together.  The  combination  of  these  two  valuable  minerals  invited  the  in- 
vestment of  capital  to  their  development,  and  held  forth  the  promise  of  an  adequate 
reward  for  the  labor  and  money  thus  expended. 

Judge  Knapp  relying  on  the  promises  of  others  to  supply  him  with  the  capital 
Tequired,  invested  his  own  moderate  means  in  coal  lands,  and  in  enterprises,  calcu- 
lated, if  successful,  to  make  Peter's  Camp,  as  it  was  then  called,  a  mining  and  manu- 
facturing center. 

The  record   in  the  register  and  recorder's  office   at  "Wellsboro,  show  that,  on 


COAl   MIXES   AND   MINING.  123 


January  15,  1827,  Aaron  Bloss  and  Euah,  his  wife,  deeded  to  John  H.  Knapp,  for 
a  consideration  of  $8,000,  a  tract  of  218  acres  of  land.  There  is  also  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  payment  of  the  full  amount  of  the  consideration.  This  land,  for  the 
most  part,  lay  south  of  the  Blossburg  bridge,  and  east  of  the  river,  embracing  within 
its  boundaries  "Barney  Hill"  and  Coal  run.  On  this  land  Judge  Knapp  erected  a 
saw-mill  and  opened  a  store,  and  soon  after  began  the  introduction  of  iron  works  on 
the  site  of  the  present  foundry  of  T.  J.  Mooers. 

THE     TIOGA     NAVIGATION     COMPANT. 

In  order  to  secure  the  successful  and  profitable  mining  of  coal  and  smelting 
of  iron,  it  became  necessary  to  devise  means  of  transporting  the  product  of  the 
mines  and  the  furnace  to  market.  Judge  Knapp  and  those  interested  with  him 
accordingly  took  steps  to  form  a  body  corporate.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  ap- 
proved February  20,  1826,  the  chartering  of  the  Tioga  Navigation  Company  was 
authorized.    This  act  contained  tlie  following  proviso: 

The  company  shall  make  a  navigable  canal  or  slack-water  navigation,  or  navigable 
canal  and  slack-water  navigation  at  such  other  place  as  they  may  think  proper,  for  the 
passage  up  and  down  the  Tioga  from  the  State  line  of  New  York,  at  or  near  Lawrence- 
ville,  to  the  coal  beds  at  or  near  Peter's  Camp,  and  by  Crooked  to  Pine  creek,  lor  every 
kind  of  ark,  raft  or  boat,  capable  of  navigating  the  same,  with  such  dams  and  other 
works  as  necessary;  and  make  a  road  or  towpath,  and  to  use  the  water  on  or  near  the 
intended  route  of  such  canal,  supplying  the  same  with  water. 

This  work  was  to  be  begun  within  six,  and  completcil  within  nine  years. 
Eepeated  extensions  of  time  were  granted  by  supplementary  acts.  February  7,  1828, 
the  company  was  authorized  to  make  a  railroad  instead  of  a  canal,  the  lattur  idea 
being  finally  abandoned,  notwithstanding  the  preparation  of  elaborate  plans  for 
carrying  it  into  excciidon.  Neatly  drawn  maps,  showing  the  line  of  the  proposed 
canal,  are  now  in  the  possession  of  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Nilcs,  of  Wellsboro. 

In  1835  the  company  received  a  right  of  way  for  a  railroad  through  the  land  of  a 
number  of  owners  in  Tioga,  Richmond  and  Covington  townships,  but  did  notliing 
further  apparently  until  1839,  when  additional  rights  of  way  were  secured,  and  the 
work  of  constructing  the  proposed  line  of  railroad  begun  in  earnest.  July  4,  1840, 
this  road  known,  as  the  Corning  and  Blossburg  railroad,  was  completed  to  Coving- 
ton, and  in  the  following  September  to  Blossburg. 

FIRST   GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY. 

The  discovery  of  coal  at  Blossburg  had  the  effect  of  stimulating  the  people  of 
southern  New  York  to  undertake  to  find  a  like  deposit  within  the  bounds  of  that 
State.  On  March  11, 1S30,  Professor  Eaton,  author  of  "Eaton's  Manual  of  Geolo^," 
read  a  paper  entitled  "Observations  on  the  Coal  Formations  of  the  State  of  New 
York,"  in  connection  with  the  great  "Coal  Beds  of  Pennsylvania,"  before  the  Albany 
Institute.  It  was  published  in  tlio  transactions  of  the  institute  and  "was  accom- 
panied with  a  demonstrative  lecture,  given  at  the  request  of  several  members  of  the 
New  York  legislature,  while  the  bill  for  boring  for  coal  was  pending."  In  this 
address  Professor  Eaton  entered  into  a  general  description  of  the  coal  formations  of 
the  United  States,  saying  that  those  at  Blossburg  had  been  carefully  examined  by 


124  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

himself  and  Professor  Van  Eensselaer.  His  statement  that  the  Blossburg  coal 
formation  extended  into  New  York  State,  and  that  the  slate  rock  which  embraced 
the  coal  was  to  be  found  along  "Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes  and  down  those  lakes  to 
their  outlets,  and  to  Lake  Erie,"  was  soon  challenged  and  proven  to  be  erroneous. 

The  first  systematic  attempt,  however,  to  ascertain  the  thickness  and  character 
of  the  coal  and  iron  ore  beds  about  Blossburg,  was  made  in  1832  by  Eichard  C.  Tay- 
lor, who  was  employed  by  Samuel  W.  Morris  and  others  for  that  purpose,  as  well  as 
to  survey  a  route  for  a  railroad  from  the  New  York  State  line  up  the  Tioga  river 
valley  to  Blossburg.  Mr.  Taylor's  report,  published  in  1833,  contains  eight  de- 
tailed vertical  geological  sections,  of  East  creek.  Bear  creek.  Coal  run,  Morris  run, 
Boon  creek,  Johnson  creek,  Tioga  valley  and  Fellows'  creek.  Considering  the  fact 
that  his  investigations,  owing  to  extremely  limited  facilities  for  carrying  them  on, 
were  confined  to  surface  indications,  the  results  compare  favorably  with  later  and 
more  elaborate  efforts.  The  vertical  section  of  Bear  creek,  or  Bear  run,  as  it  is  now 
called,  discloses  the  existence  of  nine  coal  veins.  The  thickness  of  the  first,  second, 
third  and  fourth  was  not  proven.  The  fifth  and  sixth  veins  are  described  as  fol- 
lows: "Fifth  coal  vein,  called  demons'  coal,  of  excellent  bituminous  quality,  worked 
about  thirty  yards  under  the  hill,  321  feet  above  the  Tioga;  281.05  feet  above  Bloss- 
burg." "Sixth  coal  vein,  called  Bloss'  vein,  now  worked  269.80  feet  above  Bloss- 
burg." The  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  veins  were  not  proved.  Above  the  Bloss. 
vein  several  courses  of  good  argillaceous  iron  ore  in  balls  were  found.  The  ore 
below  the  Bloss  vein  was  sandy  and  weak.  A  number  of  veins  of  good  fire  clay  were 
also  disclosed.  There  is  a  general  resemblance  between  this  and  the  other  sections, 
which  may  be  found  in  detail  in  Volume  G-  of  the  Second  Geological  Survey  of 
Pennsylvania,  published  in  1878.  / 

Mr.  Taylor  notes  the  fact  that  "the  chief  supply  of  coal  for  the  neighboring 
country  has  heretofore  been  taken  from  the  fifth  vein"— the  Clemens  vein.  He 
adds  that  "a  lower  vein  of  good  quality  has  been  recently  opened."  This  is  the 
celebrated  Bloss  vein.  At  this  time  Judge  John  H.  Knapp  was  operating  a  coal 
mine  on  Coal  run,  about  280  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Blossburg  bridge.  This,, 
the  fifth  vein,  was  from  three  feet  seven  inches  to  three  feet  eleven  inches  thick. 
In  a  note  Mr.  Taylor  says:  "A  considerable  quantity  of  coal  for  the  supply  of  the 
neighborhood  has  been  taken  from  the  colliery  worked"  in  this  vein.  He  also  adds- 
that  "about  350  tons  of  iron  ore  have  been  collected  from  the  bed  No.  27,  and  is  in 
readiness  for  smelting,    *      *      "as  soon  as  the  furnace  is  completed." 

Mr.  Taylor  summarized  the  results  of  his  investigations  in  tables,  which  formed 
a  part  of  his  report.  They  give  the  specific  gravity,  weight  per  cubic  yard,  thick- 
ness of  vein,  and  the  gross  contents  or  weight  per  acre  of  each  vein  of  ooal,  and  also 
a  summary  of  the  specific  gravity  and  weight  per  cubic  foot  of  iron  ore,  with  an 
estimate  of  the  weight  of  one  foot  thick  per  acre  of  the  difiierent  veins. 

THE    AEBON    COAL    COMPAKY. 

While  Eichard  C.  Taylor  was  busy  investigating  the  character  and  extent  of 
the  coal  and  iron  deposits  in  and  around  Blossburg,  Judge  Knapp  was  endeavoring 
to  push  forward  his  enterprises.  He  was  visited  by  a  committee  of  New  York  gen- 
tlemen seeking  information  to  be  used  to  induce  the  New  York  legislature  to  pass. 


COAL    MIXES    AXD    illXIXG.  125 

a  bill  for  the  construction  of  the  Chemung  canal.  Their  report  had  much  to  do 
with  the  final  passage  of  the  bill.  By  reason,  however,  of  failure  to  receive  prom- 
ised financial  aid,  and  because  of  feeble  health.  Judge  Knapp  sold  his  lands  and 
turned  over  the  work  he  had  begun  to  Samuel  Weeks,  and  removed  to  Fort  Madi- 
son, Iowa.  What  he  did  accomplish,  however,  was  of  such  importance,  that  others 
soon  became  earnestly  interested  in  carrying  forward  the  work  of  developing  the 
Blossburg  coal  and  iron  deposits.  The  lands  and  other  properties  acquired  by 
Samuel  Weeks  were  first  transferred  to  J^llis  Lewis,  and  by  him,  on  August  13, 
1834,  to  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  who,  in  behalf  of  himself  and  others,  soon  acquired 
a  number  of  other  tracts  of  land  in  and  around  Blossburg,  and  became  a  leading 
spirit  in  the  development  that  followed. 

Under  authority  of  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  April  13,  1838,  Dr. 
Lewis  Saynisch,  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris,  William  Frederick  Siidel,  Dr.  Franklin  R. 
Smith,  James  H.  Gulick,  James  R.  Wilson,  Bowen  Wliiting  and  others  organized 
the  Arbon  Coal  Company,  of  which  James  R.  Wilson  was  chosen  [irtsident  and 
James  H.  Gulick  selling  agent.  The  capital  authorized  by  law  was  hmitcd  to 
$150,000,  and  the  amount  of  land  to  bu  held  in  the  name  of  the  corporation  to 
2,000  acres.  On  May  30,  1838,  another  ci)iii]iaiiy  made  up  of  the  .•iame  person-  waa 
organized  and  called  the  Arbon  Land  ('(Hiipany,  its  objeet  lieinj;  to  promoti'  the 
early  building  of  the  jiroposccl  railroad  from  Lawrencevilie  to  ISio-shiir},'. 

The  Arbon  Coal  Coiii]iiiiiy,  havin;,'  perfected  its  <)r;,aiiiization,  entered  upon  the 
work  of  preparing  to  mine  and  ship  coal  so  soon  as  tlie  railroad  shouM  be  enm- 
pleted  to  Blossburg.  A  force  of  miners  were  placed  at  work  in  the  old  ('lemons 
drift  on  Bear  run,  and  an  incline  tram-way  built  from  the  drift  opening  ihiHU 
the  mountnin  side  to  the  railroad  track.  A  store  was  opened,  the  furnace  started 
up,  and  new  life  infused  into  tiie  villu,<;e,  whieh  began  to  ^row  rapidly,  with  the  u^ual 
activity  in  real  estate  and  rapid  rise  in  real  estate  values. 

The  mines  at  Blossburg  were  operated  by  the  Arbon  Coal  Company  until 
1845,  when  their  control  jiassed  into  the  hands  of  John  Ward  &  Company,  to 
whom  the  property  is  assessed  from  ISKi  to  IS.'iS.  They  appear  to  have  leased  it 
until  about  isr.2  to  William  .AI.  Mallory  I'v-  Company,  and  after  that,  until  lSr.9,  to 
John  Magee,  when  upon  the  opening  of  the  mines  at  Fall  Brook,  mining  for  ship- 
ment ceased  at  Blossiiuru.  During  the  last  sixteen  years  the  mines  at  15hl^^bur^' 
were  operated  for  shipment,  they  were  in  charge  of  .fohn  James,  a  native  of 
Pontypool.  Wales,  and  a  practical  miner.  The  production  from  the  opening  of  the 
mines  until  the  suspension  of  mining  for  shipment  was  as  follows:  -Arbon  Coal 
Company.  4!l,(333  tons;  William  ^I.  ^yiallory  >S:  Comi)any.  405,110  tons,  and  Duman  S. 
Ma;;ee,  representing  his  fatiur,  John  :\[agee,  TS.iHid  tons,  making  a  total  of  .■■)33,:45 
tons  of  coal  mined  at  Blossbur;,'  between  ISIO  and  lS."i9. 

The  history  of  the  organization  of  the  Morris  Run  Coal  Alining  Company,  the 
Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  the  lUossburg  Coal  Company,  and  of  the  (Jaines  Coal 
and  Ciiko  Company,  as  well  as  of  the  opening  of  the  mines  at  Alorris  Run,  Fall 
Brook,  Arnot,  .\ntrini,  Landrus  and  (iaines,  will  bo  found  in  the  township  and 
boroupli  chapters  dealing  with  those  plaees,  where  nu'Ution  is  also  made  of  the  con- 
struction of  the  various  railroads  eonneeted  with  the>e  mines. 


126  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

SIE  CHAELBS   LYBLL'S    VISIT. 

The  coal  mines  at  Blossbnrg  were  \isited  in  1841,  by  Sir  Charles  Lyell,  the  emi- 
nent English  geologist.  The  distinguished  visitor  was  the  guest  of  Dr.  Lewis 
Saynisch,  then  the  president  of  the  Arbon  Coal  Company,  and  appears  to  have  been 
deeply  impressed  with  what  he  saw.  After  his  return  to  England  he  published  the 
following  account  of  his  visit  to  the  mines: 

It  was  the  first  time  I  had  seen  true  coal  in  America,  and  I  was  very  much  struck 
with  its  surprising  analogy  in  mineral  and  fossil  character  to  that  of  Europe;  the  same 
white  grits  or  sandstones  as  are  used  for  building  near  Edinburg  or  Newcastle;  similar 
black  slates,  often  bituminous,  with  leaves  of  fern  spread  out  as  in  an  herbarium,  the 
species  being  for  the  most  part  identical  with  the  British  fossil  plants;  seams  of  good 
bituminous  coal,  some  a  few  inches  thick,  others  several  feet  thick;  beds  and  nodules 
of  clay,  ironstone,  and  the  whole  series  resting  on  a  coarse  grit  and  conglomerate,  con- 
taining quartz  pebbles  very  like  our  millstone  grit,  and  often  called  by  the  American 
as  well  as  English  miners,  "farewell  rock,"  because  when  they  had  reached  it  in  their 
borings  they  take  leave  of  all  valuable  fuel.  Beneath  this  grit  are  those  red  and  gray 
sandstones  corresponding  in  mineral  character,  fossils  and  positions,  with  our  old  red. 
I  was  desirous  of  ascertaining  whether  a  generalization  recently  made  by  Mr.  Logan 
in  South  Wales  could  hold  in  this  country.  Each  of  the  Welsh  seams  of  coal — more  than 
ninety  in  number — have  been  found  to  rest  on  a  sandy  clay  or  firestone,  in  which  a 
peculiar  species  of  plant  called  Stigmaria  abounds  to  the  exclusion  of  all  others.  I  saw 
the  Stigmaria  at  Blossburg  in  abundance,  in  heaps  of  rubbish  extracted  from  a  horizon- 
tal seam.  Dr.  Saynisch,  the  president  of  the  mine,  kindly  lighted  up  the  gallery  that  I 
might  inspect  the  works,  and  we  saw  the  black  shales  in  the  roof  adorned  with  beau- 
tiful fern  leaves,  while  the  floor  consisted  of  an  under  clay  in  which  the  stems  of 
Stigmaria,  with  their  leaves  and  rootlets  attached,  were  running  in  all  directions.  The 
agreement  of  these  phenomena  with  those  of  the  Welsh  coal  measxires,  3,000  miles  dis- 
tant, surprised  me,  and  led  me  to  conclusions  respecting  the  origin  of  coal  from  plants 
not  drifted,  but  growing  on  the  spot,  to  which  I  shall  refer  hereafter. 

COAL    SEAMS    DESCRIBED. 

James  Macfarlane,  A.  M.,  of  Towanda,  Pennsylvania,  says  in  his  "Coal 
Regions  of  America,"  published  in  1865: 

The  general  geological  section  in  the  Blossburg  region  consists  of  333  feet  of  strata, 
including  five  workable  seams  of  coal,  four  of  which  have  been  worked  at  various  times 
in  the  district.  The  lowest,  or  Coal  A,  known  among  the  miners  as  the  Bear  Creek  vein, 
is  from  three  to  three  and  a  half  feet  thick,  and  was  worked  as  well  as  the  Bloss  seam, 
at  the  old  Blossburg  mines  by  William  M.  Mallory  previous  to  1858.  It  produced  a 
good  steam  coal,  but  it  frequently  thinned  out.  The  most  important  seam,  which  is 
worked  at  all  the  mines,  is  B,  which  is  called  the  Bloss  vein,  which  is  from  thirteen  to 
twenty-nine  feet  above  A.  From  this  seam  most  of  the  coal  of  the  region  is  produced. 
It  is  sometimes  interlaid  with  a  thin  seam  of  slate,  and  when  this  occurs  an  allowance 
is  made  to  the  miner  of  a  certain  sum  for  each  inch  of  slate,  added  to  his  usual  price 
per  ton  for  mining.  This  system  is  a  very  just  one,  on  account  of  the  additional  labor. 
At  other  localities  in  the  same  mines  this  slate  disappears,  and  the  seam  presents  a 
clean  bed  of  pure  coal  from  four  and  a  half  to  five  and  a  half  feet  in  thickness. 

The  next  seam  which  is  worked  to  a  limited  extent,  is  twenty  to  thirty  feet  higher, 
and  sometimes  less,  and  will  be  called  Coal  B,  but  on  account  of  the  heavy  bed  of  fine 
clay,  on  which  it  rests,  it  is  commonly  called  the  Fire  Clay  vein.  It  is  a  variable  seam, 
from  one  and  a  half  to  three  and  a  half,  and  sometimes  five  feet  thick,  when  impurities 
occur  in  the  middle.    It  appears  to  be  a  rider  or  satellite  of  seam  B.    It  produces  good 


COAL  MINES  AXD  MIXING.  127 

coal,  and  when  it  appears  in  its  best  form  it  is  a  valuable  seam.  It  is  being  mined  only 
in  a  portion  of  the  field. 

Coal  C  occurs  from  seventeen  to  eighteen  feet  higher,  and  produces  a  species  of 
cannel  coal.  In  western  Pennsylvania  this  seam  is  the  great  deposit  of  cannel  coal, 
wherever  that  variety  is  found,  but  cannel  coal  is  always  liable  to  become  degraded  into 
bituminous  shale,  and  that  is  its  character  at  Blossburg.  This  seam  is  always  stig- 
matized in  this  regfion  as  the  Dirty  vein  or  the  Slate  vein.  It  is  regarded  as  worthless 
and  has  never  been  mined. 

Next  in  the  ascending  order,  at  an  elevation  of  from  seven  to  twenty  feet  above 
the  last,  is  a  small  seam,  only  useful  as  a  geological  landmark — Coal  C,  or  the  Monkey 
vein,  as  the  miners  call  it,  on  account  of  its  small  size,  it  being  only  from  one  and  a  half 
to  three  and  a  half  feet  thick.     It  has  never  been  opened  for  mining  purposes. 

Coal  D  is  called  at  Blossburg  the  Seymour  vein,  in  honor  of  ex-Governor  Seymour, 
who  was  the  land  owner  where  it  was  first  wrought.  It  is  from  three  to  four  and  a 
half  feet  in  thickness,  always  free  from  slate,  and  produces  a  bright,  beautiful-looking 
coal  of  a  columnar  structure,  and  an  excellent  blacksmith  coal.  It  is  worked  in  a  portion 
of  the  region.  Its  elevation  above  the  last-named  seam,  is  from  thirty  to  sixty-seven 
feet,  but  like  all  the  other  intervals  of  rock,  this  is  sometimes  much  less.  Its  elevation 
above  the  Bloss  vein  is  from  114  to  102  feet. 

About  fifty  feet  above  the  lusl  is  Coal  E,  commonly  called  the  Rock  vein,  on  account 
of  the  heavy,  coarse  rocks  over  it,  which  is  sometimes  conglomoritic.  This  seam  is 
from  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet  thick,  and  in  a  few  localitie.s  is  of  a  better  size,  but  it 
has  never  been  worked.  Fifty-six  feet  of  rock  have  lu'en  meiisured  over  this  seiim,  but 
«7ithout  coal,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  foregoing  series  embrace  tlie  whole  of 
the  lower  coal  measures  of  Pennsylvania. 

CIIAEACTER     AND     USES     OF     BLOSSBURG     COAL. 

Blossburg  coal  early  acquired  a  wide-spread  fanu'  as  a  smithing  coal,  and 
blacksmiths  were  quick  to  recufiiiize  its  value,  especially  in  the  finer  eiasses  of 
work.  As  the  facilities  for  transportation  increased,  its  use  exteiuied.  It  found  its 
way  to  the  mining  camps  of  (California,  Colonulo,  Utah  and  Nevada,  bein?  trans- 
ported from  the  termini  of  the  railroads  in  saeks  on  the  backs  of  pack  muks.  A 
single  gunny-sack  full  has  been  known  to  cost  as  high  as  $25.  It  also  found  ita 
way  into  the  lumber  camps  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  where  it  was 
highly  prized  for  use  in  delicate  work.  A\'herever  it  was  tested  a  report  was  re- 
turned praising  its  excellence  and  adding  to  its  fame.  The  result  was  that,  year 
by  year,  increasing  demand  made  an  increased  output  of  the  mines  necessary,  and 
stimulated  the  organization  of  new  mining  companies,  until  the  annual  output  rose 
above  750,000  tons,  and  in  1873 — the  year  of  ma.ximum  production — reached  a  to- 
tal of  991,057  tons.  An  examination  of  the  published  statistics  shows  that  the 
total  production  of  coal  for  shipment  since  1840,  when  the  Corning  and  Blossburg 
railroad  was  completed,  is  not  far  from  25,000,000  tons,  being  about  one-third,  ac- 
cording to  the  lowest  estimate,  of  all  the  workable  coal  in  the  lUosslnirtr  coal  basin. 

The  recent  opening  of  mines  in  the  extensive  coal  beds  of  (!learfield  county — 
where  the  coal  is  more  easily  and  cheaply  mined— has  had  the  effect  to  greatly  re- 
duce the  annual  output  of  the  mines  of  Tioga  county.  The  consequence  is  that 
there  has  been  a  marked  falling  off  in  the  number  of  men  employed  by  the  different 
companies. 


J^28  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


THE    MANUFACTURE    OF    COKE. 

Practical  tests,  carried  on  under  the  direction  of  John  J.  Davis,  at  Amot, 
having  demonstrated  that  coke  of  an  excellent  quality  could  be  produced  from 
Blossburg  coal,  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  in  1880,  erected  200  bee-hive  coke 
ovens  at  Amot,  and  for  a  time  carried  on  the  manufacture  of  coke  on  a  large  scale. 
A  similar  plant  was  erected  in  1882  at  Tioga  by  the  Pall  Brook  Coal  Company.  For 
-several  years  these  plants  were  operated  successfully,  a  ready  sale  being  found  for 
the  output.  The  necessity,  however,  of  washing  the  coal,  added  so  much  to  the  cost 
•of  manufacture,  that  it  was  found  impossible  to  compete,  on  anything  like  equal 
terms,  with  Connellsville  and  other  coke  producing  centers.  The  works  at  Tioga 
were  accordingly  abandoned,  and  afterwards  dismantled,  and  production  for  ship- 
.ment  at  Arnot  reduced  until  at  present  but  a  few  ovens  are  operated,  and  those  only 
.semi-occasionally.    The  output  for  1895  was  976  tons. 

LABOE    STEIKES    AND    TEOUBLES. 

Prom  1840  until  1865  there  had  been  occasional  disagreements  .between  the 
jniners  and  the  companies  operating  the  mines  at  Blossburg,  Morris  Eun  and  Pall 
Brook.  Most  of  these  occurred  after  1863,  when  the  Miners'  and  Laborers'  Benevo- 
lent Union  was  formed.  Subsequently  the  laborers  and  mechanics  withdrew  and 
formed  a  separate  union.  Each  union  had  a  committee  to  hear  the  complaints  of 
individual  members,  and  to  present  such  complaints  to  a  full  meeting  for  action.  To 
this  committee  applications  were  to  be  made  by  those  seeking  employment,  none 
but  members  of  the  union  being  permitted  to  work  for  the  mining  companies.  A 
limitation  was  also  placed  on  the  number  of  members  to  be  admitted  to  the  Miners' 
Union.  The  Laborers'  Union  was  not  so  strict  in  this  regard,  and  many  miners, 
unable  to  obtain  admission  to  the  Miners'  Union  joined  it,  and  worked  in  the  woods, 
ithough  the  wages  were  much  less  than  those  paid  to  miners. 

At  this  time  the  great  Civil  War  was  in  progress,  draining  every  department  of 
industry  of  able-bodied  laborers  and  mechanics.  This  not  only  created  a  demand  for 
labor,  but  a  demand  on  the  part  of  the  laborer  for  an  increase  of  wages,  made  neces- 
;sary  by  a  constant  increase  in  the  cost  of  living.  These  demands  were  either  ac- 
ceded to  without  a  strike,  or  compromised  after  a  strike  had  been  inaugurated.  As 
"the  result  of  these  repeated  advances,  miners  were  among  the  best  paid  wage  earners 
in  the  country,  and  their  union  one  of  the  strongest  industrial  organizations  in  ex- 
istence. The  unusual  wages  paid  also  stimulated  miners  from  England,  Ireland, 
'Scotland  and  Wales  to  seek  employment  in  the  United  States,  and  the  miners  at 
Horris  Eun  and  Pall  Brook  now  received  large  accessions  from  those  countries  to 
take  the  places  of  those  that  had  gone  into  the  army,  as  well  as  to  supply  the  demand 
'for  more  men  to  work  in  the  mines  and  the  woods. 

In  the  year  1864  there  was  a  great  demand  for  houses,  the  companies  being  un- 
•able  to  build  them  fast  enough.  While  this  demand  was  at  its  height,  Hon.  John 
llagee,  during  a  visit  to  Pall  Brook,  discovered  that  a  number  of  miners  working  in 
the  mines  at  Morris  Eun  were  living  in  his  houses  at  Fall  Brook.  It  was  also  dis- 
•covered  that  miners  were  working  in  Pall  Brook  and  living  in  Morris  Eun.  As  the 
two  companies  were  business  rivals,  this  arrangement  did  not  please  Mr.  Magee,  and 
•an  understanding  was  had  between  the  companies  that  each  should  restrict  its  miners 


mf^ ' 

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COAL  MIXES  AND  MINING.  129 

or  laborers  to  the  occupancy  of  hoiises  owned  by  the  company  in  whose  employ  they 
were.  A  contract  or  lease  was  drawn  up  and  submitted  to  the  householders  to  the 
effect  that  when  they  ceased  to  work  for  the  fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  they  would 
surrender  possession  of  the  houses  occupied  by  them.  These  contracts  or  leases  were 
submitted  to  the  unions  and  were  rejected.  Notices,  dated  December  31,  18G4,  to 
surrender  possession  were  then  served  on  the  employes  of  the  Morris  Bun  Coal  Com- 
pany, living  in  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  s  houses,  and  hke  notices  ser\  ed  on 
the  employes  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  living  in  the  houses  of  the  Morris  Kun 
Coal  Company. 

The  strike  that  followed  was  a  long  and  bitter  one.  The  men  had  been  earning 
good  wages  and  were  prepared  for  a  prolonged  coutust,  to  which  they  were  urged 
and  encouraged  by  their  leaders.  At  the  end  of  three  months  ejectment  proceedings 
were  begun.  The  opposition  to  this  led  to  an  aitjicul  to  tlie  sheriff,  and  to  the  sum- 
moning of  a  posse  of  200  or  300  of  the  citizens  of  the  coimty  which  nas  likewise 
resisted.  This  occurred  on  May  8, 1865.  Thu  arrest  of  a  number  of  miners  followed, 
some  of  whom  were  committed  to  jail,  others  fined  and  still  others  put  under  bonds. 
Finding  himself  unable  to  serve  writs  and  ciifdiie  ejectments,  the  sheriff  ap- 
pealed to  the  governor,  who  ordered  the  "Bucktail"  regiment  to  report  to  and  assist 
him.  The  work  of  forcibly  dispossessing  the  miners  of  their  houses  anil  removing 
their  household  goods  was  tluii  carried  forward,  the  floods  and  their  owners  being 
loaded  on  cars  and  conveyed  to  Blossburj,'.  This  action  broke  tlie  spirit  of  the 
strikers,  and  led  to  negotiations  which  resulted  in  the  larger  number  of  them  re- 
turning to  work,  though  at  deerensed  waj;es,  owing  In  the  termination  of  the  Civil 
War,  and  the  decline  in  the  juiee  of  coal.  The  failure  of  the  strike  had  also  re- 
sulted in  a  virtual  dissolution  of  the  Miners'  and  the  Laborers'  unions. 

The  next  struggle  oceurred  in  18:3.  The  panic  of  that  year  was  severely  felt 
by  the  mining  companies,  and  they  were  on  the  point  of  closing  the  mines,  when  in 
Sejjteniber,  upon  consultation  with  a  number  of  leading  miners,  they  determined  to 
run  them  two  or  three  days  a  week,  in  order  to  keep  the  men  employed  a  part  of  the 
time,  at  least.  Soon  after  this  new  order  of  working  had  pone  into  effect,  a  move- 
ment among  the  miners  looking  to  the  formation  of  a  miners  union,  similar  to  the 
one  which  existed  from  1863  to  ISdo,  led  to  another  clash.  The  companies  fearing 
a  repetition  of  the  scenes  of  the  latter  year,  opposed  the  organization  of  the  n.w 
union,  and  posted  notices  that  they  would  not  employ  anyone  belonging  to  it.  The 
miners  were  determined  to  organize.  As  neither  the  companies  or  the  miners  would 
yield  another  strike  resulted,  the  men  organizing  unions  at  Fall  Brook,  Morris  Run 
and  Arnot.  At  Antrim — many  of  the  miners  having  suffered  by  the  strike  of  ISe") — 
they  did  not  succeed,  and  work  went  on  there  without  interruption. 

This  strike  lasted  from  December,  1873,  until  about  March,  IST-l,  and  though  a 
stubborn  one,  and  resulting  in  mueli  bad  feeling,  wa."!  free  from  the  violence  and  the 
distressing  scones  of  1865.  After  it  was  inaugurated  a  number  of  questions  became 
involved.  Terms  acceptable  to  the  men  were  finally  submitted  by  the  companies 
and  work  resumed. 

In  1879.  after  a  number  of  dull  years,  residting  in  a  marked  dccrea.se  in  the  out- 
put of  the  mines,  and  the  cmploj-ment  of  the  miners  only  two  or  three  days  in  the 


130  HISTOBY    OF   TIOGA    COCTNTT. 

week,  business  brightened  and  the  demand  increased.  This  was  followed  in  De- 
cember of  that  year  by  a  demand  for  an  increase  of  wages  on  the  part  of  the  miners. 
It  was  acceded  to,  although  the  companies  were  filling  contracts  made  in  May,  when 
prices  were  low.  A  few  days  later  the  men  made  a  demand  for  a  further  increase  of 
wages.  This  was  refused,  and  after  several  weeks  of  discussion,  another  strike  re- 
sulted lasting  until  May  1,  the  time  for  renewing  contracts,  when  a  satisfactory  setr 
tlement  was  made  and  work  resumed. 

On  May  1, 1890,  the  miners  at  Arnot  struck  for  an  advance  of  ten  cents  a  ton  for 
mining,  and  were  Joined  on  May  8,  by  the  miners  at  Pall  Brook,  Antrim  and  Morris 
Eun.  This  strike  lasted  until  June  23,  1890,  when  work  was  resumed  upon  a 
promise  of  an  increase  of  wages  after  July  1.  Dui-ing  this  strike  the  companies  lost 
several  valuable  coal  contracts,  which  resulted  in  less  production  and  less  work 
after  the  strike  ended. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  March  11,  1894,  the  United  Mine 
"Workers  of  America  resolved  to  demand  a  restoration  of  the  scale  of  1891,  and  in 
the  event  of  a  refusal  to  accede  to  the  demand  on  the  part  of  the  operators,  to  order 
a  general  strike  of  all  the  bituminous  coal  miners  throughout  the  country.  At  this 
time  the  miners  of  Tioga  county  had  no  grievance,  but  when  the  strike  was  ordered 
April  1,  1894,  they  quit  work  out  of  sympathy  for  the  miners  of  western  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Ohio.  The  strike  in  Tioga  county  lasted  until  the  middle  of  July  when 
the  miners  returned  to  work  at  the  old  rate  of  wages.  The  strike  was  a  costly  one 
both  for  them  and  the  companies.  The  latter  lost  valuable  contracts,  while  the  men 
lost  twelve  weeks'  wages,  and  have  since  worked  only  a  portion  of  the  time,  owing 
to  a  lack  of  orders  for  coal. 

EECEKT     STATISTICS. 

The  report  for  1895  of  James  N.  Patterson,  of  Blossburg,  inspector  for  the 
Eighth  Bituminous  District  of  Pennsylvania,  to  the  secretary  of  internal  affairs, 
presents  the  following  facts  and  figures  relating  to  the  coal  mines  of  Tioga  county: 

ArnoL— Number  of  men  employed  in  mines,  631;  number  of  men  employed 
outside,  120;  total,  651.  Number  of  days  worked,  208;  number  of  tons  of  coal 
mined,  262,416.  ' 

A7itrim.—NuxabeT  of  men  employed  in  mines,  306;  number  of  men  employed 
outside,  74;  total,  380.  Number  of  days  worked,  136;  number  of  tons  of  coal  mined, 
123,408. 

Bear  Run.—This  is  the  mine  at  Landrus.  Number  of  men  employed  in  mines, 
243;  number  of  men  employed  oiitside,  29;  total,  272.  Number  of  davs  worked, 
203;  number  of  tons  of  coal  mined,  126,694. 

Fall  Brook.— munber  of  men  employed  in  mines,  136;  number  of  men  em- 
ployed outside,  23; -total,  159.  Number  of  days  worked,  248;  number  of  tons  of 
coal  mined,  72,465. 

Gurnee.—Theve  were  sixteen  men  employed  in  the  mines  and  outside  They 
worked  162  days  and  mined  6,511  tons  of  coal. 

Morris  Run.~mmbeT  of  men  employed  in  mines,  539;  number  of  men  em- 
ployed outside,  68;  total,  607.  Number  of  days  worked,  127;  number  of  tons  of  coal 
mined,  198,920. 


COAL  MINES  AND  MLNINQ.  131 


The  above  figures  show  that  1,TG9  men  were  employed  in  the  mines,  and  316 
outside,  making  a  total  of  2,085,  who  worked  an  average  of  180  days  during  the  year, 
and  produced  789,414  tons  of  coal,  being  an  average  of  451  tons  for  each  man  ac- 
tually employed  in  the  mines.  The  316  men  employed  outside  embrace  blacksmiths 
and  carpenters,  engineers  and  firemen,  slate  pickers,  superintendents,  bookkeepers, 
clerks,  mill  men  and  woodsmen.  Each  of  the  companies,  except  the  Gaines  (_'oal 
and  Coke  Company,  operates  one  or  more  saw-mills  and  keeps  a  force  of  men  at  work 
in  the  woods,  getting  out  logs  and  tan  bark. 

PAST     AND     PBESEXT. 

From  1840 — the  year  in  which  the  ('orning  and  Blossburg  railroad  was  com- 
pleted— may  be  said  to  date  a  new  era  in  the  bituminous  coal  trade  and  production 
of  the  Uuited  States.  Previous  to  that  year,  in  which  thu  production  reached  78,571 
tons,  the  bituminous  coal  supply  of  the  country  was  confined  to  tlii.'  Richmond  (N'a.) 
basin.  The  opening  of  the  mines  at  Blossburg,  however,  and  the  subsequent  organi- 
zation of  the  Morris  Run,  Fall  Brook  and  Blossburg  Coal  Companies,  ^oou  placed 
Tioga  county  at  the  head  of  the  bituminous  coal  producing  si^ctions  of  the  country, 
and  gave  to  Blossburg  coal  a  widi'-sprcad  reputation  as  a  smithing  and  steam  coal. 
The  area  of  bituminous  coal  production,  however,  sonn  began  to  extt ml  rapidly,  and 
the  output  to  assume  enormous  figures.  The  demand  kept  even  pace  with  the 
supply,  and  operators  were  able  to  maintain  prices  and  to  pay  the  scale  cjf  wages  de- 
manded by  the  miners  until  the  close  of  the  great  Civil  War  restored  to  the  trades 
and  industries  of  the  country  the  men  who  had  been  at  the  front.  Prices  of  every- 
thing, including  labor,  soon  began  to  fall,  and  strikes  and  struggles  between  em- 
ployers and  employes  were  frei|uent.  The  great  army  of  labor  was  also  rapidly  in- 
creased by  immigration  from  foreign  lands,  and  it  was  not  long  before,  instead  of 
being  a  scarcity  of  laborers,  there  was  a  scarcity  of  work,  not  because  work  was  scarce, 
but  because  the  number  of  laborers  had  increased  more  rapidly  than  the  various  in- 
dustries had  developed.  Employers  were  therefore  able  to  not  only  make  terms,  but 
to  pick  and  choose,  which  they  did  to  an  extent  that  has  practically  changed  the 
character  of  the  mining  population  of  Tioga  county.  The  English,  Seotch,  Welsh 
and  Irish  miners,  have  for  the  most  part  given  way  to  Poles,  Swedes  and  Hungarians. 
These  latter  have  proven  industrious,  frugal  and  tractable,  and  are  becoming 
naturalized  as  citizens,  as  rapidly  as  permissable  under  the  law. 

Notwithstanding  the  business  depression  of  the  past  few  years,  the  coal  pro- 
duction of  the  country  at  large  continues  to  show  a  marked  increase.  In  1895  the 
production  of  anthracite  in  Pennsylvania  was  45,000,000  tons,  an  increase  of  5,000,- 
000  tons  over  the  previous  year,  and  yet  the  miners  did  not  work  full  time.  For 
the  same  year  the  bituminous  production  of  the  country  and  the  limited  anthracite 
production  of  Colorado,  reached  a  total  of  148,990,933  tons,  making  for  the  Fnited 
States  a  total  anthracite  and  bituminous  production  of  193,990,933  tons,  only  16,- 
879,895  tons  less  than  Great  Britain,  the  leading  coal-producing  country-  of  the 
world. 

These  figiire.'s  give  some  idea  of  the  enormous  growth  of  this  vast  industry  since 
the  time  when,  in  1840.  the  shipment  of  coal  by  rail  from  Blo^bure  began.  They 
tell  of  thousands  of  millions  of  dollars  invested  in  coal  lands,  in  railroad  and  navi- 


132  HISTOET  OF   TIOOA   COUNTY. 

» 

gation  companies,  in  rolling-mills,  furnaces  and  factories,  and  in  a  multitude  of  in- 
dustries in  every  part  of  the  country.  And  they  also  tell  of  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  men  who  toil  amid  the  dimness  and  darkness  and  dangers  of  the  mines,  in  order 
to  provide  food  and  raiment  for  themselves  and  those  dependent  upon  them. 

Here  in  Tioga  county  the  industry  has  been  going  backward.  The  last  few  years 
have  been  marked  by  decreased  production  and  uncertain  employment.  The  area  of 
coal  production  is  limited,  and  the  cost  of  mining  greater  than  in  many  other  places, 
which  does  not  give  a  hopeful  outlook  for  the  future.  Nevertheless,  the  companies 
and  their  employes  are  looking  eagerly  and  anxiously  forward  to  a  revival  of  business 
in  the  belief  that  even  if  wages  are  not  advanced  full-time  work  will  be  guaranteed. 


CHAPTEE  XI. 

PUBLIC   BUILDIFGS    AND    OFFICIALS. 

FiHST  Meeting  Place  of  the  Commissioners— Tempoeary  Quarters  Secured 
—First  Public  Buildings  Erected— An  Odd  Contract— High  Price  of  Nails 
—Description  of  Buildings— The  New  Court  House  and  Jail— The  Present 
Jail— The  Only  Criminal  Execution— New  Record  Building— County  House 
AND  Farm— Roster  of  Public  Officials. 


THE  first  meeting,  in  their  oificial  capacity,  of  Nathan  Niles,  Caleb  Boyer  and 
Ira  KilbuTn,the  first  commissioners  of  Tioga  county, was  held  October  30,1808,"at 
the  Meeting  House,  in  Wellsboro,  in  said  county."  At  this  meeting  it  was  agreed 
by  the  commissioners  "that  their  further  meetings,  for  the  purpose  of  transacting 
the  public  business  be  held  at  this  place."  The  meeting  of  June  23,  1809,  was  held 
at  the  house  of  David  Lindsey,  which  appears  to  have  been  the  place  of  meeting  for 
several  years.  That  the  commissioners  were  desirous  of  purchasing  it  for  that  pur- 
pose, as  well  as  for  the  safe-keeping  of  records,  the  following,  under  date  of  August 
20,  1811,  will  show: 

Eesolved,  That,  as  a  house  is  necessary  for  securing  the  papers  and  books  of  the 
county  of  Tioga,  after  taking  the  matter  into  consideration,  we  look  upon  the  house  of 
David  Lindsey  to  be  suitable  for  that  purpose,  and  have  agreed  to  advance  the  said  David 
Lindsey  the  sum  of  $60  towards  the  payment  for  the  said  house,  provided  that  at  the 
next  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners  we  conclude  to  purchase  it  at  the  sum  of 
$250,  which  the  said  David  Lindsey  agrees  to  take;  and  if  at  that  time  we  conclude  not  to 
make  the  purchase  the  said  David  Lindsey  agrees  to  refund  the  said  $60,  or  leave  the 
house  in  security  until  it  be  paid  back. 

Nathan  Niles, 
Ubiah  Spencek, 

Com. 


PUBLIC    BUILDINGS    AXD    OFFICIALS.  133 


There  is  nothing  in  the  record  to  show  whether  or  not  this  purchase  was  con- 
cluded, but  the  presumption  is  that  it  was,  and  that  the  house  became  the  re- 
pository of  the  books  and  papers  of  the  county,  rather  than  the  meeting  place  of 
the  commiBsioneis,  as  will  appear  hereafter. 

This  historic  building,  the  first  one  devoted  to  the  public  business  of  the 
county,  stood  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Presbyterian  church.  It  was  a 
primitive  log  house,  and  was  occupied,  after  the  erection  of  the  court  house,  by 
William  Bache,  St.,  who  opened  in  it  the  first  store  in  Wellsboro. 

On  December  18,  1812,  the  commissioners  adopted  the  following: 

Kesolved,  That  the  room  below  stairs  at  John  Norris'  be  the  commissioners  office 
until  we  build  one,  and  that  we  agree  with  his  proposal  of  giving  him  the  annual  rent 
of  $25.  It  is  understood  that  for  that  sum  he  supplies  firewood  and,  when  necessary, 
candles. 

FIRST    PUBLIC    BUILDINGS     ERECTED. 

The  first  intimation  given  in  the  record  of  the  intention  of  the  commissioners 
to  erect  a  court  house  is  to  be  found,  under  date  of  November  5,  1812,  in  the  "mem- 
orandum of  probable  expenses  of  the  county  of  Tioga  for  the  year  1813,"  the  first 
item  of  which  reads  as  follows:  '"Boards  and  work  for  court  room,  $100."  Another 
item  reads,  "I'rothonotary  and  commissioners  office  to  be  built,  $300;"  and  still 
another,  "Building  jail,  $400."  These  items  show  an  intention  on  the  part  of  the 
commissioners  to  erect  a  court  room  and  jail,  and  a  prothonotary  and  commissioners 
office,  and  to  set  aside  $800  to  meet,  in  part,  at  least  the  expense  of  their  construc- 
tion. 

On  January  14,  1813,  Eddy  Howland,  Timothy  Ives  and  Nathan  Niles,  Jr., 
the  commissioners  then  in  office,  approved  the  plmis  pnsiiited  by  William  Hill,  "of 
offices  for  prothonotary  and  commissioners,"  ordered  them  "placed  on  file  amongst 
our  office  papers,"  and  also  adopted  the  following: 

Beaolved,  That  three  advertisements  containing  the  substance  of  a  paper  of  this  date 
filed  in  our  oiBce,  describing  the  manner  in  which  a  court  house  and  jail  are  required 
to  be  built,  be  made  out  by  the  clerk  and  sent,  one  to  Tioga,  one  to  Cowanesque,  and  that 
one  be  posted  up  in  some  public  place  in  the  town  of  Wellsboro. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  the  commissioners  had  in  view  the  erec- 
tion of  a  court  house  and  jail,  which  was  to  o^nit^titute  one  buildiii;:,  and  that  a 
second  building  was  to  contain  the  offices  of  the  prothonotary  and  commissioners. 
Upon  which  building  work  was  first  begun  it  is  impossible  to  say  with  certainty, 
but  the  inference  from  the  record  is  that  the  court  house  and  jail  were  given  the 
preference,  as  we  find  that  on  April  36,  1813,  "they  viewed  the  work  of  Ebenezer 
Hill,"  and  made  the  following  peculiar  contract  with  David  Henry  "to  do  the  mason 
work  of  tile  under  pinning  of  the  jail." 

1.  He  (David  Henry)  is  to  have  one  dollar  per  day  for  his  own  work,  his  provisions 
are  to  be  fouiul  him  and  he  is  to  bo  furnished  with  half  a  pint  of  whiskey  per  day. 

2.  He  is  to  have  half  a  dollar  per  day  for  the  use  of  his  oxen,  for  eviry  day  they 
are  employed  In  hauling  stone  from  the  quarry  for  under  pinning  the  jail,  and  the 
oxen  whilst  working  are  to  be  found  by  the  commissioners  their  necessary  feed. 

8.  David  Henry  is  to  begin  work  this  day  two  weeks  and  continue  at  it  until  he  haa 
flnUbed  it. 


134  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA    COTTNTY. 

4.  In  case  of  rain,  David  Henry's  provisions  shall  be  found  for  him  and  hay  for  his 
oxen,  although  neither  of  them  may  be  able  to  work,  but  his  v^ag-es  during  that  period 
shall  cease. 

Da-vid  Henry  appears  to  have  not  only  carried  out  his  part  of  the  foregoing 
contract,  but  to  have  come  to  the  rescue  of  Ebenezer  Hill,  the  contractor  for  build- 
ing the  court  house  and  jail,  at  a  critical  period,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  entry 
in  the  commissioners'  minute  book,  under  date  of  October  4,  1813: 

It  being  represented  to  the  commissioners  by  John  Norris  and  Ebenezer  Hill  that 
the  vrork  at  the  building  of  the  jail  and  court  house  must  have  stopped  directly  after 
their  last  meeting  had  not  John  Norris  and  Ebenezer  Hill  borrowed  a  certain  quantity 
of  shingling  nails  of  David  Henry,  and  become  bound  to  said  Henry  to  return  the  said 
nails  in  five  weeks  from  the  time  borrowed  or  pay  him,  the  said  Henry,  half  a  dollar 
per  lb.  for  them  in  cash;  the  commissioners,  having  taken  the  same  into  consideration, 
and  believing  that  Norris  and  Hill  had  no  other  view  in  procuring  the  nails  but  to  for- 
ward the  work  of  said  jail  and  court  house,  do  hereby  resolve  to  relieve  Norris  and  Hill 
from  the  penalty  of  their  agreement,  and  subject  the  county  to  any  and  every  expense 
or  loss  that  Norris  and  Hill  may  suffer  on  the  above  account. 

At  this  time  the  War  of  1813  was  in  progress  and'  nails  were  not  only  very  dear 
but  very  scarce,  it  being  well  nigh  impossible  to  procure  them. 

On  October  7,  1813,  the  board  resolved  "that  Ebenezer  Hill  be  employed  to  do 
the  inside  work  of  the  court  house."  In  the  estimate  of  expenses  for  the  year  1814, 
made  October  37,  1813,  the  following  items  appear:  "Mnishing  the  court  house 
and  Jail,  more  than  the  agreement  made  with  Ebenezer  Hill,  $500."  "Two  offices, 
one  for  commissioners  and  one  for  recorder,  etc.,  $.500." 

After  numerous  delays,  the  buildings  were  completed  some  time  during  the 
year  1815,  between  which  year  and  1824,  the  minute  books  of  the  commissioners 
are  missing  from  the  commissioners'  office.  William  Bache,  whose  memory  con- 
cerning the  earlier  years  of  the  county's  history  is  clear,  says  the  court  house  and 
Jail  stood  about  on  the  site  of  the  present  court  house.  It  was  a  two-story  building, 
the  lower  story  being  of  logs,  and  the  upper  story  a  frame.  The  lower  story  was 
used  for  a  dwelling  by  the  jailer,  David  Lindsey,  the  court  room  being  upstairs. 
The  jail  formed  the  wing  of  the  building  on  the  northeast  side.  It  was  built  of 
logs,  which  were  filled  with  spikes  to  keep  the  prisoners  from  cutting  their  way 
out.  The  building  erected  for  the  commissioners  and  the  prothonotary  stood  about 
on  the  site  of  the  new  office  building.  It  was  a  two-story  frame,  the  offices  being 
in  the  lower,  and  jury  room  in  the  second,  story.  "When  the  present  court  house 
was  erected,  this  building  was  sold  to  Josiah  Emery  for  $100,  and  was  removed  to  a 
lot  on  Central  avenue,  opposite  Willow  Hall.  It  was  used  as  a  residence  by  him  for 
thirty-five  years.  It  is  now  the  property  of  Jefferson  Harrison  and  is  still  used  for 
residence  purposes,  though  so  much  changed  by  additions  and  improvements  as  to 
be  scarcely  recognizable. 

The  furniture  of  the  old  court  room  was  very  plain  and  primitive.  It  con- 
sisted of  a  rude  bench  for  the  judge;  a  dock,  with  its  square  box  flanked  by  a  railing 
on  each  side;  a  big  oval  table,  between  the  bench  and  the  dock,  with  a  great  deep 
scallop  in  its  end,  next  to  the  dock,  from  which  the  counsel  addressed  the  court  and 
jury,  and  two  long,  narrow  boxes  on  each  side  for  the  jury  when  their  presence 


PUBLIC    BUILDINGS    AND    OFFICIALS.  135 

was  required.    In  cold  weather  the  room  was  heated  by  a  fire-place  and  a  ten-plate 
stove  which  stood  in  the  southeast  comer. 

It  was  in  this  room  that  the  early  lawyers  of  the  county,  a  number  of  whom 
afterward  sat  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  or  filled  other  honor- 
able official  positions,  were  pitted  against  each  other  in  the  trial  of  civil  and  crim- 
inal causes.  Every  session  of  the  court  saw  a  gathering  of  attorneys,  litigants, 
witnesses,  jurymen  and  spectators  from  all  parts  of  the  county.  In  addition  to  the 
business  calling  them  together,  neighborhood  news  and  gossip  were  retailed,  and 
national,  state  and  county  politics  discussed,  with  the  usual  amount  of  wire- 
pulling and  log-rolling,  the  fate  and  fortunes  of  men  ambitious  of  political  prefer- 
ment oftentimes  being  decided  during  a  confidential  chat  beneath  the  shade  of  a 
nearby  pine  or  hemlock  tree. 

THE   NEW    COURT    HOUSE    AND   JAIL. 

As  the  years  passed,  bringing  increase  of  population,  wealth  and  busiiu-ss,  it 
became  apparent  that  the  public  buildings  of  the  county  were  inadequate  and  that 
more  substantial  and  commodious  ones  were  demanded.  This  demand  was  empha- 
sized by  the  recent  theft  of  valuable  public  records,  making  it  necessary  to  provide 
for  their  better  and  safer  keeping.  Stei)s  were  accordingly  taken  to  suture  the  erec- 
tion of  new  public  buildings. 

On  February  2,  1835,  an  act  of  Assembly  was  approved  authorizing  tlie  eoiumis- 
sioners  to  borrow  money,  not  exceeding  $8,000,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  the  pro- 
posed new  public  buildings,  and  to  ple(l<,'e  the  credit  of  the  county  for  the  payment 
of  the  same.  No  time  was  lost.  The  old  court  house  was  torn  down  and  the  ground 
prepared.  The  new  building  was  very  solidly  constructed  of  native  sandstone,  and 
if  not  imposing  in  architectural  appearance,  it  has  served  its  purpose  well.  During 
its  construction  the  court  found  temporary  refuge  in  the  liouse  of  Mr.  Bache,  which 
was  fitted  up  for  its  accommodation.  The  tooth  of  time  has  had  very  little  effect 
upon  this  sandstone  building.  In  appearance  it  is  ruirfred  and  strong  and  likely  to 
withstand  the  action  of  the  elements  for  many  years  to  come.  Within  it  is  com- 
fortably fitted  up.  The  judge's  chambers,  which  are  ca]nuioiis  and  well  furnished, 
are  on  the  first  floor  to  the  right  as  you  enter  from  the  east;  and  just  across  the  cor- 
ridor are  other  rooms  wliich  are  used  for  offices.  Ascending  by  a  broad  flight  the 
court  room  is  found  on  the  second  floor.  It  is  capacious,  airy,  and  plainly  but 
comfortal)ly  furnished.  Within  the  bar  the  bench  is  sufficiently  elevated  to  give 
the  court  a  good  view  of  the  room  and  audience,  while  the  bar,  ollicers  of  the  court, 
and  jurors,  have  comfortable  accommodations  and  pleasant  surrounding's.  On  the 
walls  are  suspended  portraits  of  the  president  judges  who  have  occupied  the  bench. 
Some  of  these  men  attained  great  distinction  and  adorned  the  Supreme  Court 
bench  of  the  State. 

In  the  basement  of  this  building  was  the  coimty  jail,  in  which  offenders 
against  the  "pt'ace  and  dignity"  of  the  commonwealth  were  incarcerated.  It  an- 
swered the  requirements  of  the  county  until  ISiiJti.  when  the  present  sherilT's  resi- 
dence and  jail  was  erect(>d  at  a  cost  of  about  $lil.0OO.  The  edifice  is  a  tw.i-story 
brick,  substantially  built,  fronting  the  public  square  and  Central  avenue.  The 
portion  fronting  the  public  square  is  occupied  by  tlie  sheriff  and  his  family,  the  jail 


136  HISTOliY   OF    TIOGA    COTTNTT. 


being  at  the  back,  fronting  Central  avenue.  In  1893  the  old  cut-stone  cells  were 
torn  out  and  a  modern  steel  equipment  substituted,  at  a  cost  of  about  $9,000,  thus 
giving  the  county  a  thoroughly  safe  and  secure  jail.  The  old  jail,  under  the  court 
house,  is  used  by  the  borough  for  the  safe  keeping  of  its  prisoners. 

THE     ONLY     CKIMINAL     EXECUTION. 

Thus  far  in  her  history  Tioga  county  has  only  had  one  conviction  and  execution 
for  murder,  although  there  have  been  several  trials  on  that  charge.  George  Travis 
was  tried  and  convicted  of  the  murder  of  Martha  Sylvia,  July  14, 1883.  The  murder 
occurred  on  the  night  of  April  3,  1883,  in  Charleston  township.  Following  were 
the  jurors:  Charles  Margraff,  John  W.  Warren,  Evan  Price,  William  Hyde,  George 
Eansom,  Lloyd  Squiers,  Eoswell  Ripley,  Thomas  B.  Mitchell,  William  J.  Bowen, 
David  Louden,  Edward  E.  Copp  and  Otis  H.  Davis. 

On  his  conviction  a  motion  for  a  new  trial  was  made,  but  it  was  overruled, 
and  the  prisoner  was  sentenced  to  be  hanged  August  18,  1883,  on  which  day 
a  writ  of  error  was  filed  and  the  case  carried  to  the  Supreme  Court,  but  that  body 
aflarmed  the  lower  court,  October  38, 1884.  Travis  was  executed  in  the  jail  yard  by 
Sheriff  Harry  Baxter,  January  15,  1885. 

NEW     KECOEI)     BUILDING. 

After  a  lapse  of  forty-five  years  the  business  of  the  county  had  so  increased 
that  more  room  was  required  for  the  offices  and  records,  and  in  1880  it  was  decided 
to  erect  a  building  especially  for  this  purpose.  It  was  commenced  in  1881  and  com- 
pleted in  1883.  It  is  located  a  few  feet  south  of  the  court  house,  is  two  stories  high, 
with  a  tower,  and  is  about  fifty-seven  feet  square.  The  material  used  in  its  construc- 
tion is  red  pressed  brick,  trimmed  with  native  sand-stone,  and  it  is  divided  into  two 
rooms  down  stairs  and  two  in  the  second  story.  Those  on  the  first  fioor  are  occu- 
pied by  the  prothonotary  and  the  register  and  recorder;  on  the  second  floor  by  the 
sheriff,  treasurer  and  the  county  commissioners.  Each  office  is  fitted  with  modem 
equipments  for  the  classification  and  easy  handling  of  the  books  and  papers,  and 
throughout  the  building  is  as  nearly  fire  proof  as  it  is  possible  to  make  it.  That  the 
officials  of  Tioga  county  have  commodious  and  convenient  quarters  in  which  to 
transact  the  public  business,  is  the  verdict  of  all  who  have  examined  them.  The 
construction  of  the  building  was  commenced  under  the  supervision  of  Commissioners 
N.  A.  Elliott,  0.  A.  Smith,  and  J.  E.  Peters,  and  finished  by  the  board  composed 
of  J.  E.  Peters,  J.  J.  Eeese,  and  Charles  M.  Eumsey,  in  July,  1882.  The  cost  of  this 
building,  including  the  boiler-house  and  steam-heating  plant,  added  in  1894,  was 
about  $30,000.  A  beautiful  and  well-kept  lawn  surrounds  the  building  ajid  adds 
to  its  attractiveness. 

COUNTY    HOUSE    AND    FAHM. 

Previous  to  1866  the  indigent  poor  were  cared  for  by  the  several  townships,  each 
township  bearing  the  expense  of  maintaining  its  own  poor.  On  March  13  of  that 
year  an  act  of  the  legislature  was  approved,  appointing  William  Bache,  James  H. 
GuHck,  J.  L.  Baldwin,  Joel  Parkhurst  and  John  Maynard,  commissioners,  to  pur- 
chase real  estate  for  a  county  farm  and,  with  the  assent  of  the  court  of  quarter  ses- 
sions, to  execute  bonds  and  mortgages,  to  secure  payment  therefor.    The  act  also 


PUBLIC    BUILDIXG8    AND    OFFICIALS.  137 

made  the  county  commissioners  overseers  of  the  poor,  and  authorized  them  to  erect 
suitable  buildings  and  assess  a  county  poor  tax,  sufficient  to  maintain  the  inmates 
and  also  pay  for  the  buildings  within  five  years.  They  were  also  authorized  to  ap- 
point a  steward,  a  matron  and  a  physician,  and  were  required  to  visit  the  institution 
monthly. 

Under  the  authority  of  this  act  the  commissioners  named  purchased  twenty- 
five  acres  of  the  old  Caleb  Austin  farm  just  east  of  Wellsboro,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
State  road,  in  Charleston  township.  Subsequent  purchases,  from  time  to  time,  have 
enlarged  the  original  farm  to  315  acres.  On  the  land  first  purchased  a  two-story 
brick  building  was  erected  and  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  1869.  It  answered  the 
purpose  of  the  county  until  1888,  when  it  was  torn  down  and  the  present  commo- 
dious and  well-furnished  building  erected  at  a  cost  of  over  $20,000.  There  is  also- 
a  frame  residence  for  the  superintendent,  with  a  bam  and  other  outbuild in;.'.<.  The 
farm  is  cultivated  for  the  benefit  of  the  inmates,  those  able  to  do  so  assisting  in  the 
work.  A  number  of  insane  poor  are  cared  for  in  a  building  specially  set  apart  for 
them.  The  institution  is  a  well-ordered  one  and  is  of  great  value  to  the  county  in 
properly  caring  for  the  indigent  and  the  insane  poor.  The  farm  and  improvement* 
are  valued  at  about  $50,000. 

BOSTEH    OF    PUBLIC    OFFICIALS. 

The  names  and  dates  of  service  of  Tioga  county  citizens  who  have  filled  office* 
in  the  Nation,  State  and  county  are  given  in  the  following  roster: 

United  States  Senator.— Ron.  John  1.  MitcheU,  elected  in  1881  and  served  a  full 

term  of  six  years. 

Representatives  in  Congress.— J ames  Ford,  of  Lawrencc-ville,  the  first  member  ol 
Congress  from  Tioga  county,  was  elected  in  1828,  and  re-elected  in  1830,  servmg 
two  consecutive  terms.  He  had  previously  served  two  years  in  the  legislature,  and 
his  life  was  honorably  interwoven  with  the  history  of  the  State.  He  died  at  Law- 
renceville  in  August,  1859,  aged  seventy-six  years.  Samuel  Wells  Morris,  a  son  of 
the  founder  of  Wellsboro,  was  elected  in  1836  and  served  until  1841.  Stephen  F. 
Wilson  was  elected  in  1864,  and  re-elected  in  1866.  Henry  Sherwood  was  elected 
in  1870,  over  lion.  William  H.  Armstrong,  of  Williamsport,  by  a  majority  of  twenty- 
seven  votes.  The  district  being  strongly  Republican,  he  served  only  one  term.  John 
I.  Mitchell  was  elected  in  187 G,  and  served  two  terms.  Mortimer  V.  EUiott  was 
elected  congressman-at-large  in  1882,  serving  one  term.  Horace  B.  Packer,  the 
present  representative  from  this  district,  was  elected  in  November,  1896. 

Auditor  General  of  Pennsylvania.— Jerome  B.  Niles  was  elected  in  1883  and 
served  three  vears,  commencing  May  2,  1884. 

Attorney  Gnierals  of  PcnnsyInuna.—¥A\i»  Lewis,  commissioned  Januarj-  -29, 
1833;   John  C.  Knox,  commissioned  January  19,  IS'.S. 

Chief  Jmtice  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.— EIHb    Lewis,    commissioned 

December  4,  1854. 

Associate  Justices.— Ellis  Lewis,  commissioned  October  14, 18.")  1 ;  John  C  Knox, 
May  23,  18  ".3;  Henry  W.  Williams,  appointed  to  succeed  Ulysses  Mercur,  and  com- 
missioned August  19,  1887;  elected  and  commissioned  for  a  term  of  twenty-one 
years,  December  22,  1887. 


138  HISTOEY   OS    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Speakers  of  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania. — Daniel  L.  Sherwood,  1846;  Butler  B. 
Strang,  1874. 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Pennsylvania. — Butler  B.  Strang, 
1870. 

State  Senators. — John  Eyon,  Jr.,  the  first  member  of  the  State  Senate  from 
Tioga  county,  was  elected  in  1824.  His  successors,  who  were  citizens  of  this  county 
when  elected,  have  been  as  follows:  Daniel  L.  Sherwood,  speaker,  1846;  John  W. 
Guernsey,  1850-53;  Stephen  E.  Wilson,  1863-65;  Butler  B.  Strang,  1873-76,  and 
speaker  in  1874;  Charles  H.  Seymour,  1877-80;  Horace  B.  Packer,  1889-92,  and 
Walter  T.  Merrick,  elected  November  3,  1896. 

State  Representatives. — John  Eyon,  Jr.,  was  the  first  member  of  the  lower  house 
sent  from  Tioga  county.  He  was  elected  in  1820,  1821  and  1822,  and  served  three 
years.  Those  who  succeeded  him  are  as  follows:  James  Ford,  1824-25;  Dr.  Curtis 
Parkhurst,  1828-29;  John  Beecher,  1831-32;  Samuel  Wells  Morris,  1833-36; 
William  Garretson,  1837-38;  Lewis  B.  Cole,  1839-40;  John  Waklee,  1841;  Daniel 
L.  Sherwood,  1842-43;  George  Knox,  1844-45;  John  C.  Knox,  1846-47;  ISTathaniel 

A.  Elliott,  1848-49;  Jeremiah  Black,  1850  and  1852;  A.  J.  Monroe,  1851;  James 
Lowrey,  1853-54;   Thomas  L.  Baldwin,  1855-56;   L.  P.  Williston,  1857-60;   Butler 

B.  Strang,  1861-62  and  1868-71,  speaker  in  1870;  S.  B.  Elliott,  1861-62;  C.  0. 
Bowman,  1863;  John  W.  Guernsey,  1864-65;  W.  T.  Humphrey,  1866-67  and 
1875-76;  Jerome  B.  Niles,  1869-70;  John  I.  Mitchell,  1872-76.  After  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution  of  1873,  Tioga  county  became  entitled  to  two  representa- 
tives, and  since  that  time  the  following  named  persons  have  served:  C.  V.  Elhott 
and  Hugh  Young,  1877-78.  Mr.  Young  resigned  in  May,  1877,  to  accept  the  appoint- 
ment of  bank  examiner,  and  Benjamin  Dorrance  was  elected  to  fill  his  unexpired 
term.  C.  V.  Elliott  and  Benjamin  Dorrance,  1879-80;  Charles  Tubbs  and  Jerome 
B.  ISTiles,  1881-84;  Horace  B.  Packer  and  Henry  M.  Poote,  1885-88;  Isaac 
Squires  and  George  T.  Losey,  1889-92;  Walter  T.  Merrick  and  Jerome  B.  Mies, 
1893-96,  and  P.  B.  Smith  and  Eobert  K.  Young,  elected  in  November,  1896. 

Members  of  Constitutional  Convention.— Hon.  Eobert  G.  White  sat  in  the  Con- 
vention of  1837-38  and  was  appointed  on  the  committee  having  Article  I  under  con- 
sideration. He  opposed  the  clause  which  confined  the  right  of  suffrage  to  white 
citizens.  Hon.  Mortimer  P.  Elliott  and  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Niles,  both  of  Wellsboro, 
were  members  of  the  Convention  of  1873. 

President  Judges.— John  Bannister  Gibson,  1812-15;  Thomas  Burnside, 
1815-18;  Edward  Herrick,  1818-39;  John  Nesbit  Conyngham,  1839-49,  and 
Horace  WilHston,  1849-51.  The  office  became  elective  in  1850,  and  Eobert  G. 
White,  of  Wellsboro,  was  elected  for  ten  years,  being  the  first  citizen  of  the  county 
to  fill  the  office.  He  was  re-elected  in  1861.  Henry  W.  Williams  was  elected  in  1871, 
and  re-elected  in  1881,  serving  until  August  19,  1887,  when  he  was  appointed  asso- 
ciate justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Stephen  P.  Wilson,  who  served  until  January,  1889.  He  was  succeeded  by  John 
I.  Mitchell,  elected  in  November,  1888— the  present  incumbent. 

Additional  Law  Judges.— Hon.  Henry  W.  Williams,  appointed  in  March,  1865, 
and  served  until  1871,  when  he  was  elected  president  judge.    Hon.  Stephen  P  Wil- 


PUBLIC    BUILDINGS    AND    OFFICIALS.  139 


son,  appointed  in  1871  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  Judge  Williams'  election  as 
president  judge;  elected  as  his  own  successor  in  1872  for  a  term  of  ten  years. 

Associate  Judges. — Samuel  W.  ilorris  and  Ira  Kilbum  were  appointed  the  first 
associate  judges  of  Tioga  county,  July  13,  1812,  to  serve  during  life  or  good  be- 
havior. The  former  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  the  fall  of  1832,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded as  associate  judge  by  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  who  was  appointed  January  29,  1833. 
Judge  Kilburn  served  until  1840,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Jonah  Brewster,  ap- 
pointed April  1  of  that  year,  the  term  of  oifice  being  limited  to  five  years  by  the  Con- 
stitution of  1838.  Judge  Eyon  was  re-appointed  March  5,  1842,  and  Judge  Brewster 
February  27,  1845.  The  former  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Curtis  Parkhurst, 
appointed  March  15,  1847,  and  the  latter  In-  Levi  I.  Nicliols.  March 
7,  1850.  In  1850  the  office  became  elective  and  was  filled  as  follows: 
Calvin  Dyer  and  Dr.  Simeon  I'owur,  co^lmJ^.■^loned  November  10,  1851; 
J.  C.  Whittaker  and  Abel  Humphrey,  NonchiIjlt  12,  Is.")!!;  Thomas  L. 
Baldwin,  appointed  January  IT,  1861,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  Judge 
Humphrey;  E.  T.  Bentley,  appointed  September  2,  18(J1,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by 
resignation  of  Judge  Baldwin;  Victor  Casu  and  IJnyul  Wheeler,  commissioned  No- 
vember 23,  1861;  Charles  l<\  Vuil  and  K.  T.  I'.cniiey,  Xovumber  '.),  l.stjii;  Daniel 
McXaughton  and  Lewis  B.  Smith,  November  17,  l.sU;  M.  K.  Ketan  and  John  F. 
Donaldson,  December  8,  1876;  I'tter  \'.  Van  Ness,  February  IT,  ISMO;  George  H. 
Baxter,  December  2,  1880;  Hitrvey  Lamkin,  December  S,  issl.  When  the  county 
became  a  separate  judicial  distriet  as  apportioned  under  tlie  aet  of  1883,  the  olBce 
of  associate  judge  ceased  to  exist. 

District  Attorneys. — Up  to  1850  the  prosecuting  officer  for  the  Commonwealth 
was  styled  deputy  attorney  general,  and  he  leeeived  liis  appointment  from  the  at- 
torney general  of  the  State,  or  the  court.  At  the  opening  of  the  first  court  in  Jan- 
uary, 1813,  Henry  Wilson  appeared  by  appointment  as  deputy  attorney  general.  At 
the  April  term  Alphonso  Stewart  was  appointed  by  tlie  court,  and  Edward  Ibrrick 
appeared  at  the  November  term,  after  which  the  appointment  ran  as  follows:  Al- 
phonso Stewart,  Thomas  Overton  and  Charles  Catlin,  1814;  Thomas  Overton  and 
Simon  Kinney,  1815;  Simon  Kinney  and  Ethan  Baldwin,  1816;  George  Dennison, 
1817;  Ethan  Baldwin,  1818;  Edward  Overton  and  William  Patton,  1819;  Edward 
Overton,  1820;  Joseph  B.  Anthony,  1821;  Thomas  Elder,  1822-23;  Ellis  Lewis, 
1824-25;  Clarendon  Rathbone,  182(i-28;  William  Garretson,  182'J;  R.  G.  White, 
1830-31,  assisted  by  Horace  WiUiston  the  latter  year;  Josiah  Emery,  1832; 
Clarendon  Rathbone,  IS.'U;  A.  S.  Brewster,  lSo:)-3T;  Josiah  Emery,  1838;  John  C. 
Knox,  1810-42;  Pardon  Damon,  1843-47;  John  X.  Bache,  1848;  A.  J.  Monroe, 
1849. 

In  1850  the  office  became  elective,  and  the  title  was  changed  from  deputy 
attorney  general  to  district  attorney.  It  has  since  been  held  by  the  following 
named  persons:  John  W.  Ryon.  elected  in  1850;  re-elected  in  1853;  Butler  B. 
Strang,  1856;  Henry  .Mien,  18.''>0;  Jerome  B.  Xilcs,  18(12:  re-elected  in  ISfi:.;  John 
I.  Mitchell,  1868;  J.  C.  Strang,  1871;  William  A.  Stone,  1874;  resijrned  at  the  close 
of  1876,  and  Horace  B.  Packer  was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term;  Horace  B. 
Packer,  ebeted  in  1877;  H.  M.  Foote,  1880;  James  H.  Matson.  1883;  J.  W.  Mather, 
1886;  Ilarvoy  B.  Leach,  1889;  Edward  H.  Owlett,  1892,  and  A.  B.  Dunsmore, 
elected  in  1895,  the  present  incumbent. 


140  HISTOBT   OF   TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

Sheriffs. — The  ofEee  of  sherifE  is  filled  by  election  and  the  incumbent  serves- 
three  years.  From  the  organization  of  the  county  up  to  the  adoption  of  the  Con- 
stitution of  1873,  the  election  was  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  October;  since: 
that  time  it  has  been  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November.. 
The  following  have  served  as  sheriffs  of  Tioga  county  since  it  was  organized  for 
judicial  purposes:  Alpheus  Cheney,  commissioned  December  3,  1813.  As  he  was  the 
first  sheriff,  and  as  a  matter  of  history,  it  may  be  stated  that  under  date  of  Novem- 
ber 5,  1813,  he  gave  bond  in  $5,000,  with  himself  and  the  following  named  persons- 
as  sureties  Caleb  Austin,  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  Oliver  Willard  and  Daniel  Kelsey.. 
His  successors  were  elected  as  follows:  Dr.  Simeon  Power,  1815;  John  Knox,  1818;. 
Elijah  Stiles,  1831;  John  Beeeher,  1834;  Eobert  Tiibbs,  1837;  Seth  Daggett,. 
1830;  Francis  "Wetherbee,  elected  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  Seth 
Daggett,  1831;  Benjamin  Gitchell,  1834;  John  Waklee,  1837;  Dr.  Curtis  Park- 
hurst,  1840;  Joseph  W.  Guernsey,  1843;  H.  H.  Potter,  1846;  John  Mathers,  1849,- 
H.  A.  Guernsey,  1853;  John  Mathers,  1855;  Simeon  I.  Power,  1858;  Hezekiah 
Stowell,  Jr.,  1861;  Leroy  Tabor,  1864;  Jerome  B.  Potter,  1867;  Edward  A.  Fish,, 
1870;  Stephen  Bowen,  1873;  Delos  H.  "Walker,  1876;  H.  J.  Landrus,  1879;  Harry 
Baxter,  1883;  Joseph  H.  Ferris,  1885;  Francis  M.  Sheffer,  1888;  John  Irvin,  1891,, 
and  William  E.  Champaign,  the  present  incumbent,  elected  in  November,  1894, 
and  took  office  in  January,  1895. 

Profhonotaries. — In  Tioga  county  one  person  is  elected,  every  three  years,  to 
the  office  of  prothonotaxy  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  clerk  of  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions  and  clerk  of  oyer  and  terminer  and  general  jail  delivery.  Previous 
to  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1838,  when  the  office  became  elective,  the 
incumbent  was  appointed  by  the  governor.  It  has  been  held  by  the  following 
named  persons:  John  Norris,  1813-18;  Uriah  Spencer,  1818-31;  John  Patton,, 
1831-34;  Uriah  Spencer,  1834-31;  Jouah  Brewster,  1831-36;  John  F.  Donaldson, 
1836-38;  A.  S.  Brewster,  1839;  John  F.  Donaldson,  elected  in  1839,  and  served 
thirty-three  consecutive  years,  being  re-elected  to  each  succeeding  term;  Gen. 
Eobert  C.  Cox,  elected  in  October  and  commissioned  November  13,  1873,  served 
continuously  until  January  1,  1894,  being  elected  to  each  succeeding  term.  He  de- 
clined a  renomination,  although  strongly  solicited  by  his  friends  to  accept  another 
term.  In  January,  1894,  he  was  succeeded  by  Francis  M.  Sheffer,  who  was  re- 
elected in  November,  1896. 

Register  and  Recorder. — This  office  has  been  filled  by  the  following  named  per- 
sons: John  Norris,  1813-18;  Uriah  Spencer,  1818-31;  John  Norris,  1831-34;  Uriah 
Spencer,  1834-30;  Jonah  Brewster,  1831-33;  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  1833-36;  Luman 
Wilson,  1836-39;  George  Knox,  1839-43;  Luman  Wilson,  1843-48;  John  N.  Bache, 
1848-51;  James  P.  Magill,  1851-54;  W.  D.  Bailey,  1854-60;  H.  S.  Archer,  1860-66; 
Darius  L.  Deane,  1866-75;  George  C.  Bowen,  1876-87;  Homer  J.  Eipley,  1888-96, 
and  C.  L.  Babcock,  the  present  incumbent,  who  was  elected  November  3,  1896,  and 
took  charge  of  the  office  in  January,  1897. 

County  Treasurers.— UndeT  the  Constitution  of  1790  it  was  the  custom  of  the 
county  commissioners  to  appoint  a  treasurer,  who  usually  served  for  the  term  of 
one  year.  This  practice  continued  until  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1838, 
when  the  office   became  elective.     The   following   persons   have  served  as  custo- 


Pl'BLIC    BUILDINGS    AND    OFFICIALS.  141 

dians  of  the  funds:  Samuel  W.  Monis,  1808;  ^^■iIliam  Williard,  1809;  Alpheus 
Cheney,  1810-11;  Bethlehem  Thompson,  1812-13;  Benjamin  W.  Morris,  181i-15; 
Eobert  Tubbs,  1816;  Daniel  Lamb,  1817;  Eobert  Tubbs,  1818-19;  John  Beecher, 
1820;  Thomas  Putnam,  1821-23;  William  Williard,  Jr.,  1824-26;  Levi  Vail,  1827; 
Elihu  Hill,  1828-30;  Thomas  Dyer,  1831-33;  John  Barnes,  1834-35;  Archibald 
Knox,  1836;  Thomas  Dyer,  1837-39;  Robert  G.  White,  1840-42;  John  L.  Robinson, 
1843-45;  A.  11.  Bacon,  1846-47;  George  Levegood,  1848-49;  S.  L.  Hibbard,  1850- 
.51;  George  Knox,  1852-53;  Henry  Rathbone,  1854-55;  Oliver  H.  Blanchard,  1856- 
67;    0.  F.  Taylor,  1858-59;   James  S.  Watrous,  1860-61;    H.  B.  Card,  1862-63; 

A.  M.  Spencer,  1864-65;  C.  V.  Miller,  1866-67;  H.  C.  Bailey,  18G8-G9.  The  last 
election  under  the  old  Constitution  occurred  in  October,  1869,  when  Gen.  Robert 
•C.  Cox  was  chosen.  Under  the  Constitution  of  1873  the  term  of  office  was  extended 
to  three  years  and  the  time  for  holding  elections  fixed  for  November.  General  C"ox 
held  the  office  until  the  close  of  1872.  Since  the  Xew  ('onstitution  went  into 
operation  the  succession  has  been  as  follows:  Henry  Rowland,  1873-74;  Thomas 
Allen,  1875-77;  Thomas  B.  Bryden,  ISTS.  In  March,  ISTS,  Mr.  Bryden  died  from 
the  effects  of  an  accident,  and  ( 'liarles  F.  Veil  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He 
was  succeeded  in  1881  by  John  R.  Btnscn,  since  which  tinio  the  liiif  has  been  as 
follows:  Alonzo  B.  Horton,  1884-86;  Orlando  F.  Taylor,  188:-8l»;  Otis  G.  (i^Tould, 
1890-92;  Jonathan  X.  Morgan,  181):?-!)."),  and  Koss  A.  Mitchell,  the  present  incum- 
bent, who  assumed  the  duties  of  the  (lilicu  January  1,  18'Jt;. 

County  Commissioners. — These  officers,  who  have  charge  of  the  county  business 
and  the  care  and  superintendence  of  the  public  build! iirs,  were  elected  annually  for 
the  term  of  three  years  until  tlic  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1873,  which  pro- 
vided for  the  triennial  election  of  the  iiitire  board  of  thruo  memlier.-.  The  Cunsti- 
tution  requires  each  elector  to  vote  for  no  more  tiian  two  pi  rsons,  ami  the  three  per- 
sons having  the  highest  number  of  votes  shall  In-  elcctiil.  This  enables  the  minority 
party  to  always  have  a  representative  on  the  board.  Previous  to  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  of  1873  the  dominant  party  generally  had  all  the  commi.<sioner8.  The 
commissioners  of  Tioga  county  have  been  elected  as  follows:  Nathan  Nilc.s.  Sr., 
Caleb  Boyer  and  Ira  Kilburn,  1808;  (.'eorge  Ilart  and  Uriah  Spencer,  18(i!i;  Eddy 
Ilowland,  1810;  Samuel  W.  Morris,  1811;  Timothy  Ives,  1812;  Nathan  Niles,  Jr., 
appointed  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  Samuel  W.  Moiris,  1813;  Hopestill 
Beecher  and  Ambrose  Millard,  1813;  Justus  Dartt,  1814;  Robert  B.  Elliott,  1815; 
John  Knox,  1810:  Asa  ]\lann,  1817;  Elijah  DePui,  1818;  John  Ryon,  Jr.,  1819; 
Oliver  Willard.  182(i;  Seth  Daggett,  1821;  Hiram  Beebe,  1822:  William  Knox, 
1823;  Klijah  Welch,  1823;  Elijah  Stiles,  1824;  James  Goodrich,  182".;  Hiram 
Beebe,  1826;  Lorentus  Jackson,  1827;  Aaron  Alba,  1828;  John  Cochran,  1829;  E. 

B.  Gerould,  1830;  Job  Geer,  1831;  A.  Hammond,  18;V2:  Chaunccy  Alford,  1833; 
Geor^'c  Knox,  1834;  M.  W.  Stull,  183  1;  Samuel  Miller,  ]83.i;  ('  N.  Sykes.  \^-M): 
Philemon  Doud,  1837;  George  Levegood,  1838;  Buel  Baldwin,  18.S9:  Levi  Elliott. 
1840;  M.  W.  Stull,  1841;  C.  0.  Spencer.  1842;  H.  H.  Potter,  181.T;  Eddy  Howland, 
1841;  H.  P.  Van  Ness,  1815;  William  Rose,  Sr.,  1846;  John  Fox.  1846:  Tsm.l  Mer- 
rick, Jr.,  1847;  David  Ellis.  1818;  Lennder  Culver.  1819;  David  Caldwell,  18'>0; 
Ansel  Purple,  1851;  Benjamin  Van  Dusen.  1S.")2;  Austin  Tjithrop.  18:.3;  O.  B. 
Wells,  18.^4;  C.  F.  Culver,  lR.".,'i;   D.  C  Stevens,  18.-»6;   John  .iMmes,  18.".:;   L.  D. 


142  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Seely,  1858;  Amos  Bixby,  1859;  Ambrose  Barker,  1860;  Job  Eexford,  1861;  C.  P. 
Miller,  1863;  Myron  Eoekwell,  1863;  E.  S.  Seely,  1864;  E.  Hart,  1865;  P.  V.  Van 
Ness,  1866;  Job  Rexford,  1867;  M.  W.  Wetherbee,  1868;  P.  V.  Van  Ness,  re- 
elected, 1869;  Job  Eexford,  re-elected,  1870;  T.  0.  Hollis,  18Y1;  E.  Hart,  1873; 
L.  B.  Shelve,  1873;  Edwin  Klock,  1874.  Up  to  1875  one  commissioner  had  been 
elected  each  year,  the  term  being  for  three  years.  The  New  Constitution,  however, 
required  all  three  to  be  elected  at  one  time.  The  ofhce  has  since  been  filled  as  fol- 
lows: L.  L.  Smith,  Elisha  J.  Purple  and  N.  A.  Elliott,  elected  in  1875;  0.  A.  Smith, 
James  E.  Peters  and  N.  A.  Elliott,  1878;  James  E.  Peters,  John  J.  Reese  and  Charles 
M.  Rumsey,  1881;  John  Karr,  William  Kimball  and  William  H.  Baxter,  1884;  Seth 
Tremain,  H.  D.  Wheeler  and  G.  D.  Dennison,  1887;  M.  H.  Stebbins,  C.  H.  DeWitt 
and  T.  H.  Bailey,  1890;  T.  H.  Bailey,  John  P.  Pitts  and  W.  H.  Garrison,  1893,  and 
Henry  B.  Colegrove,  Thomas  M.  Reese  and  Louis  Doumaux,  1896,  the  present  in- 
cumbents. 

Commissioners'  Clerics. — Prom  the  organization  of  the  county  to  the  present  time 
the  following  named  gentlemen  have  served  as  clerks  to  the  commissioners,  being 
appointed  annually  by  the  board:  October  20,  1808,  John  Norris  was  appointed  and 
served  until  January  3,  1814,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  David  Lindsey.  The  latter 
served  until  December  2,  1826,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  James  Lowrey.  On 
August  5, 1838,  Lowrey  resigned,  when  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  took  his  place  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  board  and  was  continued  in  office  until  November  4,  1847,  a  period  of 
nineteen  years.  After  Merrick  came  A.  J.  Sofield,  who  served  until  January  7,  1863, 
when  J.  A.  Knapp  succeeded  him.  The  latter  only  remained  in  office  two  years, 
when  A.  L.  Ensworth  was  appointed  January  9,  1864.  He  was  succeeded  January 
6,  1865,  by  Thomas  Allen,  who  remained  until  January  5,  1874,  when  J.  W.  Don- 
aldson was  appointed.  He  resigned  May  15,  1875,  and  Charles  P.  Veil  was  ap- 
pointed his  successor.  Mr.  Veil  continued  until  April  5,  1878,  when  he  was 
appointed  county  treasurer  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  T.  B.  Bryden. 
Leonard  Harrison  was  appointed  clerk  for  the  unexpired  part  of  1878,  and  continued 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  until  1884,  when  Eugene  Beauge  succeeded  him 
and  remained  until  March  1,  1888,  when  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  Prank 
Watkins,  who  had  been  an  assistant  in  the  office  for  several  years.  Mr.  Watkins 
is  still  chief  clerk.  The  work  of  the  office  has  wonderfully  increased  since  John 
Norris  opened  the  first  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  board  in  the  autumn  of 
1808.  His  first  year's  entries  covered  less  than  a  page  of  foolscap;  now  several 
portly  volumes  are  required  to  contain  the  records  for  a  similar  period. 

County  Auditors. — In  pursuance  of  the  act  of  March  16,  1809,  three  auditors 
were  elected  to  settle  the  accounts  of  the  commissioners  for  the  previous  year.  They 
were  Daniel  Lamb,  James  Gray  and  Benjamin  Bentley.  Since  that  time  the  fol- 
lowing citizens  have  been  elected  to  the  office:  W.  D.  Bacon,  Isaac  Baker  and  Arnold 
Hunter,  1810;  Israel  Bulkley,  Timothy  Ives  and  Ira  Kilburn,  1811;  Ira  Kilbum 
and  Timothy  Ives,  1813;  Samuel  W.  Morris  and  Timothy  Ives,  1813;  Cyprian 
Wright,  Daniel  Kelsey  and  Elijah  DePui,  1814:  from  1815  to  1820  records  missing; 
James  Pord,  Justus  Dartt  and  James  Gray,  1830-33;  William  Willard,  Elijah  De 
Pui  and  Curtis  Parkhurst,  1833-34;  Daniel  Kelsey,  John  Cochran  and  James  Weeks, 
1835-37;  Amariah  Hammond,  James  Gray  and  William  Garretson,  1838-31;  H.  H. 


PCBLIC    BUILDINGS    AXD    OFFICIALS.  143 

Potter,  N.  II.  Purple  and  Aaron  Alba,  1832-35;  ^\"illiam  Garretson,  1838;  Samuel 
ii.  Knox,  1841;  George  Knox,  elected  in  1846;  Morgan  Seely,  184T;  Austin 
Lathrop,  1848;  H.  S.  Cook,  1849;  B.  C.  Wickham,  1850;  John"  C.  Robb,  lb.31; 
Charles  liyon,  1852;  Apollos  Pitts,  1853;  Alanson  E.  Xiles,  1854;  James  S. 
Watrous,  1855;  Charles  F.  Veil,  1856;  William  A.  Douglass,  1857;  James  I.  Jack- 
son, 1858;  Charles  F.  Veil,  1859;  D.  T.  Gardner,  1860;  Charles  Goldsmith  and  M. 
Bullard,  1801;  Charles  ¥.  Veil,  1862;  Justus  Dearman  and  James  I.  Jackson,  18G3; 
J.  G.  Argetsinger,  1864;  Charles  F.  Veil  and  D.  L.  Aiken,  1865;  Israel  Stone,  1866; 
David  Cameron,  1867;  H.  B.  Seeley,  1868;  Israel  Stone,  S.  D.  Phillips  and  D.  K. 
Marsh,  1869;  D.  P.  Hurley,  1870;  A.  F.  Packard,  1871;  Israel  Stone,  1872;  Charles 
F.  Veil,  1873;  Albert  M.  Bennett,  1874;  O.  A.  Smith,  John  Youmans  and  Andrew 
K.  Bosard,  1875;  Vine  Crandall,  J.  P.  Wickham  and  L.  A.  Sears,  1878;  Eugene 
Beauge,  L.  K.  King  and  E.  A.  Bryden,  1881;  Charles  N.  Moore,  E.  C.  Stihvell  and 
W.  W.  Tate,  1884;  Lucius  Truman,  Charles  X.  .Moore  and  Otis  H.  Davis.  1887; 
Eugene  Beauge,  R.  0.  Close  and  Olis  II.  Davis,  18!)();  Jui^^'iie  Beauge,  I{.  G.  Close 
and  J.  H.  Ilubers,  1893;  Eugene  Beauge,  Otis  L.  Coolidge  and  Joseph  I-;mbcrf,'er, 
1896. 

Coroners. — Although  this  office  is  one  of  more  importance  than  it  f,'enerally 
received  credit  for  in  earlier  years,  its  value  is  now  fully  appreciated.  In  case  of 
accident,  death,  or  any  calamity  which  may  befall  the  siieritT,  the  coroner  takes 
charge  of  the  office  and  conducts  the  business  thereof  until  the  next  regular  election. 
And,  like  the  sheriff,  he  is  chosen  for  a  period  of  three  years.  Thus  far  no  coroner 
of  Tioga  county  has  succeeded  to  (he  shrievalty.  Owing  to  carelessness  on  the  part 
of  those  whose  duty  is  was  to  keeji  the  earlier  records,  some  difficulty  has  been  ex- 
perienced in  compiling  a  complete  list.  And  in  many  instances  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  districts  remote  from  the  residence  of  the  coroner  held  inquests  when 
necessity  required  it,  and  the  ineajjre  reference  to  the  matter  on  the  records  has 
caused  confusion,  and  it  has  been  found  difficult  to  determine  who  the  real  officer 
was.  Then,  again,  during  a  period  of  fully  ten  years,  no  nomination  for  this  office 
wna  made,  consequently  a  blank  appears.  The  following  is  believed  to  be  as  com- 
plete a  list  of  the  coroners  as  it  is  possil)le  to  compile: 

The  first  coroner  of  the  county  was  Lyman  Adams,  appointed  by  Governor 
Snyder,  May  6,  1814.  His  successors  were:  Nathaniel  Seely,  1S17;  John  Heeeher, 
1820;  John  Gray,  1825;  Henry  W.  Stoddard,  1831;  Peter  Backer,  1834;  Joel 
Culver,  1837;  Edwin  Dyer,  acting,  1841;  Jefferson  Shuman,  1841;  Josiah  X. 
Wright,  1812;  John  S.  Warner,  1847-52;  John  C.  Bennett,  1852-53;  Joel  Koso, 
185;)  to  1864;  D.  S,  Peters,  1864;  E.  J.  Bosworth,  18t;7:  H.  H.  Borden,  18i;ri:  Dr.  A. 
J.  Ilepgie,  1870;  Giles  licberts,  1874;  Dr.  A.  J.  Ileppie,  1s7S-8;i;  W.  E.  Francis, 
188  1-89;  Augustus  Xiles,  1890-95,  and  Charles  W.  Hazlett,  the  present  incumbent, 
elected  in  1895. 

Couiili/  t^urrei/ars. — At  first  the  title  of  the  occupant  of  tliis  office  was  deputy 
surveyor,  and  he  was  appointed  by  the  surveyor  general  until  1850.  when,  by  art  of 
the  legislature,  the  otlice  was  made  elective.  The  following  have  served  both  as 
deputy  and  county  surveyors: 

Jolin  Xorris,  February  i>,  1814;  re-appointed,  June  4.  1824;  Samuel  McDougall, 
]827-3(;;   E.  P.  Dcane,  ISr.ii;   Samuel  McDougall,  1830-50;  David  Heise,  1850-5r,; 


144  HISTOBT  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY.       • 

H.  S.  Archer,  1856-59;  E.  P.  Deane,  1859-63;  William  Garretson,  1862-65;  David 
Heise,  was  elected  in  1865  and  appears  to  have  served  until  1873,  when  he  was  suc- 
-ceeded  by  H.  S.  Archer,  who  held  the  office  until  his  death  in  1889.  In  November, 
1893,  John  T.  Purvis  was  elected.     The  office  is  at  present  practically  vacant. 

County  Superintendents. — The  act  of  May  8,  1854,  authorized  the  election  of 
.a  superintendent  of  common  schools  in  each  county  of  the  Commonwealth.  It  was 
.carefully  framed  by  H.  L.  Dieffenbach,  then  chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  state 
superintendent,  with  the  view  of  bettering  the  condition  of  the  schools.  In  some 
•counties  it  met  with  strong  opposition,  it  being  regarded  as  a  useless  appendage  to 
the  educational  machinery  of  the  State,  but  time  has  vindicated  the  wisdom  of  its 
framers,  as  the  law  has  proved  advantageous  in  promoting  the  efficiency  of  the 
.schools.  The  county  superintendent  serves  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  is  elected 
by  the  directors  meeting  in  convention  the  first  Monday  in  May  at  the  county  seat. 
They  also  fix  the  salary  at  the  same  time.  The  incumbents  of  this  office  have  been 
•elcted  as  follows: 

Eev.  J.  P.  Calkins,  1854;  Newell  L.  Reynolds,  1857;  Hiram  C.  Johns,  1860; 
Victor  A.  Elliott,  1863;  Newell  L.  Eeynolds,  appointed  September  30,  1864,  to  fill 
vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  Victor  A.  Elliott;  S.  B.  Price,  elected  1866,  and 
resigned  September  2, 1866,  Eev.  J.  P.  Calkins,  appointed  1867;  Elias  J.  Horton,  Jr., 
'elected  1869;  re-elected  1872;  Miss  Sarah  I.  Lewis,  1875;  re-elected  1878;  M.  P.  Cass, 
1881;  re-elected  1884  and  1887;  Henry  E.  Eaesly,  1890;  re-elected  in  1893  and  1896. 

Mercantile  Appraisers. — This  office  was  created  by  act  of  1850.  Prior  to  that 
time  the  duties  of  the  office  were  performed  by  a  board  composed  of  the  county 
■  commissioners  and  associate  judges.  The  officer  is  required  to  visit  all  merchants 
in  the  county  and  appraise  their  business  for  the  purpose  of  imposing  a  state  tax. 
.Since  1850  the  office  has  been  filled  by  appointment  of  the  commissioners,  and  it  is 
generally  among  their  last  acts  at  the  close  of  the  year.  The  records  show  the  fol- 
lowing appointments:  Josiah  Emerj',  1851;  Thomas  Allen,  1852-53;  Henry  W. 
Williams,  1854-55;  Josiah  Emery,  1856;  Thomas  J.  Wood,  1857-58;  William  But- 
ler, 1859;  David  P.  Gardner,  1860-61;  Jerome  B.  Niles,  1863;  Alpheus  E.  Dann, 
1863;  E.  J.  Purple,  1864-67;  B.  W.  Skinner,  1868;  Selah  Frost,  1869;  Job 
•Symonds,  1870;  George  H.  Baxter,  1871;  Otis  L.  Atherton,  1873;  M.  W.  Wetherbee, 
1873;  B.  Short,  1874;  J.  E.  Shelve,  1875;  Sidney  Beach,  1876;  John  Brown 
Wakeley,  1877;  H.  J.  Elliott,  1878;  J.  S.  Morgan,  1879;  Silas  S.  Eockwell,  1880; 
-Andrew  J.  Doane,  1881;  J.  Porter  Wilcox,  1882;  Sumner  P.  White,  1883;  Timothy 
B.  Culver,  1884-85;  C.  E.  Thomas,  1886;  Jonathan  V.  Morgan,  1887-88;  W.  D. 
Knox,  1889;  Deruyter  Avery,  1890;  A.  M.  Pitts,  1891;  N.  Losey,  1892;  John  C. 
'White,  1893;  Sheridan  E.  Coles,  1894:  Frank  Marvin,  1895,  and  Chas.  Washburn,  1896. 

Jury  Commissioners.— TYas,  office  was  created  by  an  act  of  assembly,  approved 
April  10,  1867.  It  authorizes  the  election  of  two  commissioners  every  three  years, 
one  of  whom  shall  belong  to  the  minority  party.  The  incumbents  of  this  office  have 
been  elected  as  follows:  Leroy  Tabor  and  John  W.  Bailey,  1867;  S.  S.  Love  and 
John  W.  Bailey,  1870;  Edward  A.  Fish  and  Hiram  S.  Hastings,  1873;  G.  H.  Baxter 
and  Daniel  Watson,  1876;  E.  C.  Stilwell  and  H.  J.  Elliott,  1879;  Samuel  D.  Evans 
and  Otis  H.  Davis,  1883;  Jonathan  V.  Morgan  and  D.  S.  Horton,  1885;  Charles  C. 
Mathers  and  James  C.  Goodspeed,  1888;  Thomas  M.  Eeese  and  Frank  M.  Davis, 
1891,  and  Andrew  Brimegin  and  Floyd  F.  Hogaboom,  1894. 


^^yt  l^ 


/ 


Lc^OLCr/'^ 


o 


CHAPTER  Xn. 

THE   BENCH   AND   BAR. 

Personal  Sketches  of  President  Judges— Many  Able  and  Distinguished 
Jurists  Among  Them— The  Bar  of  Tioga  County— a  Brilliant  Array  op 
Legal  Talent— The  Tioga  County  Bar  association— John  F.  Donaldson, 
Prothonotary  and  Politician— a  Skktch  of  His  Career. 


THE  men  who  have  filled  the  important  and  honorable  office  of  president  juil>;e, 
since  the  organization  of  the  first  courts  of  Tioga  county  to  the  present  time, 
have  been  men  of  marked  ability  as  jurists  and  lawyers,  and  havu,  as  a  rule,  been 
personally  popular  in  the  prwit  body  of  the  citizciisliii)  of  the  county. 

Hon.  John  Bannister  (Jibson,  who  presided  at  the  opening  of  the  first 
court  in  January,  1813,  was  a  native  of  ('umlnTliiinl  (now  I'l  rry)  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, whore  he  was  born  November  H,  1780.  He  was  a  son  of  Col.  (ieorge 
Gibson,  who  fell  at  St.  ("lair's  defeat  in  IT'Jl.  After  receiving  his  preparatory 
education  he  entered  Dickinson  Coliei^c  and  gradimled  therefrom  in  due  season.  He 
studied  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  Thomas  Duncan  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1803.  After  practicing  for  a  short  time  in  (Carlisle  he  ri  moved  to  Beaver, 
where  his  father  had  at  one  time  been  engaged  in  military  operations.  Thence  he 
went  to  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  and  shortly  afterward  returned  to  Curlisle.  In 
1810  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  lefjislature,  and  was  re-elected  the 
following  year.  In  JiUy,  181'.',  he  was  appointed  president  jud'je  of  tiie  lileventh 
judicial  district,  and  three  years  after  was  commissioned  an  associate  justice  of  the 
Supremo  Court.  At  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Tilphman,  in  is-jr,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor  to  succeed  him.  In  1838,  nt  the  date  of  the  adoi)tion  of  the 
Constitution,  he  resigned,  but  the  governor  immediately  re-appointcd  him.  I'.y 
a  change  in  the  Constitution  making  the  judiciary  elective,  his  seat  became  vacant 
in  1851.  During  the  same  year  he  was  elected  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Cmirt  and  remained  on  the  bencli  to  the  close  of  his  life. 

Wlien  Judge  Ctibson  presided  over  the  first  court  of  Tio^'a  county  he  was  a 
young  man  of  scarcely  thirty-three,  but  he  had  already  seen  much  of  public  life  and 
understood  well  the  manners  nnd  customs  of  the  frontier  settlers.  .Vs  a  jurist  he 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  of  his  time  and  his  legal  opinions  are  among 
the  richest  treasures  of  the  country.  He  died  in  Philadelphia  May  3,  18.">3,  and  was 
buried  at  Carlisle. 

Hon'.  Thomas  BruNsini:,  of  Bellefontc,  succeeded  Jiulire  (libson.  He.  how- 
ever, soon  afterward  resigned ,  appearing  only  during  one  term  of  court  in  Wellsboro. 

Hon.  Edward  HEunicK,  the  successor  of  Judge  lUnnside,  was  appointed  by 
10 


146  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Governor  Pindley  July  6,  1818.  The  judicial  district  was  then  known  as  the 
Thirteenth,  and  was  composed  of  the  counties  of  Bradford,  Susquehanna  and 
Tioga,  to  which  were  subsequently  added  Potter  and  McKean.  Judge  Herriek, 
who  was  of  English  descent,  was  born  in  Dutchess  county,  New  York,  October  36, 
1787.  After  finishing  his  law  studies  with  his  brother  at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  he  was 
.  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Chillieothe,  August  8,  1808,  a  few  months  before  reaching 
his  majority.  He  at  once  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Ohio,  and 
was  soon  appointed  district  attorney  for  Licking,  Knox  and  Tuscarawas  counties. 
In  1813  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  from  Licking  county.  He  located  at 
Athens,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  because  he  had  relatives  living 
there,  and  engaged  in  his  profession.  He  rose  rapidly,  became  a  representative 
man,  and  filled  several  positions  of  honor,  among  which  was  that  of  brigade  in- 
spector of  the  counties  of  Lycoming,  Potter,  McKean,  Bradford  and  Tioga,  by  ap- 
pointment of  Governor  Snyder  in  July,  1814.  After  a  service  of  twenty-one  years 
on  the  bench  he  retired  February  37,  1839,  the  New  Constitution  having  limited 
the  judicial  tenure.  He  was  honored  by  having  a  township  in  Bradford,  and  one 
in  Susquehanna  county  named  for  him.  Judge  Herriek  died  at  Athens  March  7, 
1873,  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

John  Nesbit  Conyngham,  of  Wilkes-Barre,  who  came  upon  the  bench  in  1839, 
succeeded  Judge  Herriek.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  17,  1798,  grad- 
uated at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1816,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
J.  K.  IngersoU,  and  upon  being  admitted  to  the  bar  settled  in  Wilkes-Barre  in  1830. 
Judge  Conyngham  retired  from  the  bench  of  Tioga  county  in  February,  1849,  but 
he  served  twenty  years  longer  in  the  adjoining  district.  The  circumstances  of  his 
death  were  peculiarly  sad.  In  April,  1871,  while  on  his  way  to  visit  a  son  in 
Mississippi,  he  fell  under  the  wheels  of  a  car,  while  stepping  from  a  moving  train, 
and  had  both  his  legs  crushed  below  the  knees,  dying  in  two  hours. 

Hon.  Hoeace  Williston,  of  Athens,  Bradford  county,  was  appointed  to  succeed 
Judge  Conyngham,  and  he  held  the  judgeship  until  the  first  Monday  of  December, 
1851,  when  he  went  out  by  virtue  of  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution,  adopted  at 
the  general  election  in  1850,  making  the  judges  elective. 

Hon.  Eobeet  Geay  "White  was  elected  president  judge  in  1851,  and  re-elected 
in  1861,  and  was  the  first  citizen  of  Tioga  county  to  fill  the  oifice.  That  was  the 
year  in  which  the  union  took  place  of  the  Wilmot  Proviso  party,  under  the  lead  of 
David  "Wilmot,  and  those  straight  Democrats  under  the  immediate  lead  of  John  F. 
Donaldson  and  Mr.  "White,  both  of  "Wellsboro — or  rather  the  going  over  of  those 
two  gentlemen  to  the  "Wilmot  Proviso  party. 

Previous  to  April  15,  1851,  Tioga  and  Bradford  counties  were  in  the  same 
judicial  district,  and  "Wilmot  and  "White  each  M^anted  to  be  elected  judge  at  the 
fall  election.  Here  was  a  difficulty.  "White  was  afraid  to  run  against  Wilmot,  and 
Wilmot  was  .afraid  to  run  against  White.  Something  must  be  done  to  harmonize 
matters.  Here  was  a  chance  for  the  political  genius  of  Donaldson,  and  he  was 
equal  to  the  emergency.  He  proposed  to  "raft  over  three  or  four  districts;  leave 
Tioga  in  the  Eighteenth,  and  make  a  new  one  with  Bradford  the  principal  county 
in  it."  The  suggestion  cut  the  Gordian  knot  and  all  parties  were  again  happy.  A 
bill  was  drawn  by  an  expert,  reported  by  the  judiciary  committee  of  the  legislature, 


THE    BENCH    AXD    BAB.  147 


and  paased  with  little  opposition.  By  it  Tioga,  Potter,  McKean  and  Elk  formed 
the  Eighteenth  district;  Bradford,  Susquehanna  and  Sullivan  the  Twenty-seventh. 
Thus  both  White  and  Wilmot  became  judges.  WTiat  could  have  been  more  neatly 
done?  And  the  beauty  of  the  operation  was  in  the  fact  that  neither  the  people  nor 
the  legislature  knew  anything  about  the  object  of  the  movement  to  create  a  new 
judicial  district. 

Robert  Gray  White,  fourth  child  of  James  and  Charlotte  (Weitzel)  White,  waa 
bom  January  21,  1807,  near  Georgetown,  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  was  thrown  from  his  wagon  and  killed  sometime  in  1812,  leaving  two  sons 
and  three  daughters.  His  widow  married  Col.  Hugh  White,  who  had  been  an  oflBcer 
in  the  Revolutionary  army.  He  was  not  known  to  be  related  to  his  predecessor, 
James  White.  Col.  Hugh  White  was  the  son  of  Hugh  White,  of  Dauphin  county; 
was  born  in  1737,  and  settled  in  Pine  Creek  township,  Lycoming  (now  Clinton) 
county,  before  the  Revolution,  and  while  the  land  yet  belonged  to  the  Indians. 
He  was  an  active  patriot  during  the  struggle  for  independence  and  filled  a  number 
of  offices,  both  during  and  after  the  war.  His  first  wife  was  Margaret  Allison,  by 
whom  he  had  six  sons  and  one  daughter.  By  the  second  marriage  he  had  three  sons 
and  one  daughter,  viz:  Isabella,  (ioorpe,  John,  and  Henry.  The  sons  lived  and  died 
in  Williamsport,  and  Isabella  (born  I'ebruary  13,  ISlo,)  still  survives,  and  is  the  wife 
of  Col.  James  S.  Allen,  of  Jersey  Shore.  Col.  llw^h  White  was  killed  in  1822,  on  his 
Pine  Creek  farm,  by  being  thrown  from  his  horse. 

Robert  Gray  White  waa  educated  under  Hev.  John  H.  Grier,  in  his  classical 
school  at  Pine  Creek,  and  at  Jefferson  College,  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  graduated  A.  B.,  in  182(1.  Choosing  the  law  as  his  ])r<jfe.'ision,  he  entered 
upon  his  studies  with  Hon.  A.  V.  Parsons,  Esq.,  of  Jersey  Sliore.  He  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Meadville,  and  continued  his  studies,  completing  them  in  l.s-.."J  in  the  office 
of  Hon.  Henry  Shippen,  of  Meadville,  then  president  judge  of  the  district  which  in- 
cluded Crawford,  Warren  and  Erie  counties.  Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  lo- 
cated in  M'cllsboro  in  the  fall  of  isi'ii,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  was  soon  recognized  as  a  man  of  marked  ability,  and  took  a  position 
at  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  which  he  sustained  throughout  his  lutive  career.  He 
served  as  deputy  attorney  general  in  1830-31,  and  became  intimately  associated  with 
every  public  interest  in  the  county.  He  was  elected  the  delegate  from  Tioga  and 
Potter  counties  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1838,  where  he  fully  realized 
the  highest  expectations  of  his  constituency. 

It  is  due  Judge  White  to  say  that,  as  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention, 
he  opposed  the  clause  in  the  Constitution  which  confined  the  right  of  suffrage  to 
white  citizens.  Negroes  in  Pennsylvania  always  had  this  right  till  they  were  ex- 
cluded by  the  Constitutimi  of  1838. 

.Indp'  White  w!i.><  married  November  13,  IS.?!',  to  Sarah,  daii.irhter  of  William 
and  Anna  (Page)  Baclie,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  re.~pected  families  of  Wellsboro. 
Si.\  children,  three  sons  and  three  daughters,  lilessed  tlie  union. 

He  was  treasurer  of  Tioga  county  in  ISIO- 12.  and  was  for  a  time  extensively  en- 
gageil  in  lumbering  on  Pine  cieek.  in  Delmar  and  Shippen  townships,  owning  mills 
and  valuable  tratts  of  land.  During  his  long  senice  on  the  bench  he  won  the  respect 
and  esleeni  of  the  people,  the  members  of  the  bar  of  the  distri(  t,  and  all  with  whom 


148  HISTOHT   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


he  came  in  contact.  Several  years  before  the  close  of  his  second  term  in  1871,  the 
work  of  the  district  had  so  increased — and  as  he  was  in  feeble  health — an  additional 
law  judge  was  elected  in  May,  1865,  in  accordance  with  aji  act  of  the  legislature,  that 
honor  falling  on  Hon.  Henry  W.  Williams,  of  Wellsboro.  The  associate  greatly  re- 
lieved him  and  he  served  out  his  term.  He  retired  and  spent  the  closing  years  of 
his  life  at  his  comfortable  home  surrounded  by  his  family.  He  died  September  6, 
1875. 

Court  was  in  session  in  Wellsboro  when  he  died,  and  his  death  was  formally  an- 
nounced from  the  bench  by  Judge  Williams,  when,  on  motion,  court  adjourned.  A 
meeting  of  the  bar  was  then  held  to  take  action  in  relation  to  his  death.  Judge 
Williams  was  called  to  the  chair  and  Hon.  Mortimer  P.  Elliott  was  appointed  sec- 
retary. On  motion  of  F.  E.  Smith  a  committee  was  appointed  to  draft  resolutions 
expressive  of  the  great  loss  the  bar  and  the  country  had  sustained  in  the  death  of 
Judge  White.  In  presenting  the  resolutions  the  chairman,  Mr.  Smith,  made  some 
appropriate  and  feeling  remarks  upon  the  character  of  the  deceased.  Among  the 
resolutions  was  the  following: 

Resolved,  That  in  Judge  White  we  recognize  what  has  been  appropriately  said  to  be 
"the  noblest  work  of  God" — an  honest  man.  Honorable  and  high  toned  in  all  his 
thoughts  and  actions,  as  such  he  adorned  the  profession  of  his  choice;  upright  and 
impartial  as  a  judge,  the  judicial  ermine  was  never  soiled  by  his  wearing  it.  Courteous, 
kind  and  liberal  as  a  citizen  and  a  parent,  the  world  was  made  the  better  by  his  living 
in  it. 

Hon.  Henhy  W.  Williams,  who  was  appointed  additional  law  judge  of  the 
district  in  March,  1865,  by  Governor  Curtin,  succeeded  Judge  White  as  president 
judge,  to  which  oifice  he  was  elected  in  the  autumn  of  1871.  At  the  close  of  his  ten 
years'  term  he  was  re-elected  as  his  own  successor,  but  before  completing  his  second 
term  he  was  appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania, 
August  19,  1887,  vice  Justice  Mercur,  deceased.  The  same  year  he  was  nominated 
and  elected  for  a  full  term  of  twenty-one  years,  and  commissioned  December  22, 1887. 
His  term  will  expire  January  1,  1909. 

Judge  Williams  was  bom  July  30,  1830,  in  Harford,  Susquehanna  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  fitted  for  admission  to  Amherst  College  at  Franklin  Academy. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  E.  B.  Chase,  of 
Montrose.  In  May,  1853,  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  and  resuming  his  law  studies 
under  Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  January, 
1854.  The  following  year  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State,  and  in  1856  to  the  United  States  district  and  circuit  courts.  Immediately 
upon  his  admission  he  took  high  rank  and  won  distinction  as  an  advocate,  being  a 
fluent,  eloquent  and  logical  speaker.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  board 
of  seven  commissioners  to  revise  the  New  Constitution,  and  he  performed  the  part 
of  the  work  assigned  him  with  great  care  and  ability.  ' 

Judge  Williams  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  its  affairs.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  delegates  to  rep- 
resent the  church  of  the  United  States  in  the  Pan-Presbyterian  council  at  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  and  he  delivered  an  address  before  that  able  body  which  may  be 
found  in  its  printed  proceedings.     In  1881  he  represented  Pennsylvania  in  the 


THE    BENCH    AlTD    BAB.  149 

International  Sunday-school  convention  at  Toronto,  Canada,  and  was  honored  by 
being  chosen  one  of  the  vice-presidents.  For  several  years  he  lias  been  one  of  the 
state  executive  committee  of  the  Simday  School  Association  and  of  the  Yoxmg  Men's 
Christian  Association.  He  also  takes  much  interest  in  Masonry,  and  on  June  24, 
1882,  he  delivered  an  address  before  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ancient  York  Masons  at 
Philadelphia,  the  occasion  being  the  one  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversarj-  of  its 
establishment.  This  address  attracted  much  attention  from  the  fraternity  on 
accoimt  of  its  ability  and  the  valuable  information  it  imparted.  Judge  Williamfl 
is  now  Senior  Grand  Warden  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Pennsylvania. 

It  is  thus  seen  that  while  discharging  the  onerous  duties  which  have  devolved 
on  him  as  president  judge  and  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
he  has  found  time  to  leave  his  impress  on  the  church,  Sunday  school,  Cliristian  As- 
sociation and  Free  Masonry.  His  position  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court 
necessarily  compels  him  to  spend  much  of  his  time  in  Philadelphia,  ytt  he  maintains 
his  home  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  spends  thu  summer  months  with  his  family.  Judge 
Williams  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Nichols,  a  daughter  of  Judge  Levi  1.  Nichols,  and  a 
member  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  luost  prominent  familic-  of  Wellsboro.  The  union 
has  been  blessed  with  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter,  the  former  of  whom  is  a 
practicing  physician  in  Wellsboro.  Throughout  his  hnv^  and  active  public  career 
Judge  Williams  has  retained  the  unbounded  confidence  of  the  jiuoplo  of  Tioga  county, 
among  whom  he  haa  lived  for  more  than  forty  years. 

Hon.  Stephen  Fowler  Wilson,  the  next  president  jm !;_'(■  of  the  district,  is 
one  of  the  best  known  men  in  Tioga  county.  He  is  a  native  of  Columbia  township, 
Bradford  county,  where  he  was  born  Septeml)cr  4,  1S'..'1.  His  parents,  George  and 
Jane  Wilson,  were  natives  of  Ireland,  and  he  was  the  youugtst  of  seven  children. 
He  labored  on  a  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  attending  such  schools  as 
the  nei^rhborhood  afforded  in  the  winter  time  and  subsequently  the  fani..us  Wells- 
boro Academy,  and  in  January,  1844,  he  was  employeil  in  that  instituti.)n  as  an 
assistant  for  one  term,  "at  the  price  and  sum  of  $52,  if  employed  the  whole  time  in 
teaching,  but  if  not  employed  but  one-half  of  the  time,  then  the  price  to  be  $10  per 
month!" 

As  early  as  1842  he  had  commenced  reading  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon. 
James  Lowrey,  one  of  the  early  teachers  of  the  academy,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Tioga  county  February  20,  184r..  The  committee  on  examination  consisted 
of  Hon.  Robert  G.  White  (afterward  president  judge),  Hon.  John  C.  Knox  (subse- 
quently attorney  general  of  Pennsylvania  and  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court),  and 
Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey,  later  state  senator  and  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
bar.  Judge  Conyngham  was  tlien  on  the  bench,  ilr.  Wilson  at  once  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  and  soon  afterwards  formed  a  partnership  with  L.  P. 
Williston.  Several  years  afterwards  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  Hon.  James 
Lowrey,  his  preceptor,  which  existed  until  the  latter  removed  to  New  Jersey  in  l^iG.j. 
Afterwards  Mr.  Wilson  formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Niles,  which 
continued  until  he  was  appointed  additional  law  judge  in  ISTl. 

In  tlie  meantime  Mr.  Wilson  had  become  active  in  politics.  Prior  to  1851  he 
acted  with  the  Pemoc  mtic  pnrty.  but  since  that  time  he  ha.s  been  a  pronounceil 
Republican.    In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Siimte,  represent iiii.'  the  counties 


150  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  Tioga,  Potter,  McKean  and  Warren,  and  served  in  that  body  a  full  term.  In  1864, 
while  still  a  member  of  the  Senate,  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  district 
composed  of  Tioga,  Lycoming,  Centre,  Clinton  and  Potter  counties,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1866;,  thus  serving  four  years.  In  1864  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Eepub- 
lican  National  Convention  at  Baltimore  which  re-nominated  President  Lincoln. 
In  1871  he  was  appointed  additional  law  judge  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
election  of  Judge  Williams  to  the  office  of  president  judge,  and  at  the  following 
election  he  was  chosen  as  his  own  successor  for  a  full  term  of  ten  years.  In  1884 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Arthur  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Mexico  and  served  until  July,  1885.  Eeturning  to  Wellsboro  he  resumed 
practice,  but  in  1887  he  was  appointed  president  judge  to  succeed  Judge  Williams, 
who  had  been  elected  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
sat  upon  the  bench  up  to  1889. 

For  many  years  Judge  Wilson  has  taken  considerable  interest  in  agriculture 
and  was  president  of  the  Tioga  County  Agricultural  Society  in  1875.  He  has  many 
personal  friends  throughout  this  section  of  the  State  and  is  noted  for  his  kindly 
generosity  and  social  qualities.  Although  he  has  remained  a  bachelor,  he  cannot 
be  accused  of  being  "crusty,"  but  on  the  other  hand  is  of  an  exceedingly  jovial  and 
cheerful  disposition,  and  can  relate  and  enjoy  a  good  anecdote.  Since  retiring  from 
the  bench  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  northern  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  hurry  and  bustle  incident  to  a  political  and  public  career,  Judge  Wilson 
has  not  been  unmindful  of  his  last  earthly  home.  Within  recent  years  he  has  erected 
a  unique  and  substantial  burial  vault  in  the  beautiful  cemetery  adjacent  to  the  town. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  a  log  cabin,  and  is  constructed  of  a  peculiar  gray  stone  obtained 
from  Ohio.  Looking  through  the  door  into  the  vault  one  sees  the  top  of  a  sarcoph- 
agus, at  the  head  of  which  stands  a  marble  bust  of  the  judge.  The  inscription  on  the 
marble  slab  covering  the  receptacle  gives  the  name  and  date  of  birth  with  a  blank 
for  the  insertion  of  the  date  of  death.  Underneath  all  is  the  strange  sentence: 
"P.  S. — Waiting  for  further  orders!" 

Hon.  John  Inscho  Mitchell  succeeded  Judge  Wilson  as  president  judge  of 
the  Fourth  judicial  district,  to  which  position  he  was  elected  in  the  fall  of  1888, 
taking  his  seat  in  January,  1889.  Judge  Mitchell  was  bom  in  Tioga  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  28,  1838.  His  grandfather,  Eichard  Mitchell, 
married  Euby  Keeney,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  whence  they  came  to  what  is  now 
Tioga  county  in  1793  and  settled  near  the  mouth  of  Mitchell's  creek,  in  Tioga  town- 
ship. On  the  maternal  side  Judge  Mitchell  is  related  to  the  Aliens  of  Vermont,  of 
whom  the  most  celebrated  was  Col.  Ethan  Allen,  of  Ticonderoga  fame.  Pour  of 
the  near  relatives  of  his  grandmother  were  Eevolutionary  soldiers,  and  one  was  an 
orderly  of  General  Washington.  His  father,  Thomas  K.  Mitchell,  was  born  on  the 
family  homestead  in  Tioga  county,  and  when  he  grew  up  he  became  a  farmer,  lum- 
berman and  a  merchant. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  worked  on  his  father's  farm,  studied  in  the  common 
schools,  and  afterwards  took  a  course  in  Bucknell  University,  Lewisburg,  but  did 
not  graduate.  He  then  taught  school  for  a  short  time.  During  the  War  of  the 
Eebellion  he  served  as  second  lieutenant  and  captain  of  Company  A,  One  Hundred 


THE    BEXCH    AXD    BAB. 


151 


and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  After  his  return  home  he  studied  law 
with  Frederick  E.  Smith,  of  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864.  In  1866 
he  located  in  Wellsboro  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1868  he  was 
unanimously  nominated  for  district  attorney,  was  elected,  and  served  three  years, 
iortune  smiled  propitiously  upon  him.  Before  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature,  and  served  five  consecutive  years.  During  this  period  he 
never  met  with  any  opposition  at  the  primaries,  which  shows  the  high  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held  by  his  fellow  citizens.  In  1870  he  became  half  owner  of  the 
Agitator,  and  assisted  in  editing  it  for  one  year. 

On  returning  from  the  legislature  he  had  determined  to  settle  down  at  Wells- 
boro and  resume  his  profession,  but  in  1876  a  deadlock  having  occurred  in  securing 
a  nominee  for  Congress  at  Williamsport,  his  name  was  proposed  as  a  candidate  on 
whom  the  factions  could  unite.  The  proposition  met  with  favor  and  he  was 
promptly  nominated  and  elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress.  His  district,  known 
as  the  Sixteenth,  was  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cameron,  Lycoming,  McEean, 
Potter,  Sullivan  and-Tioga.  He  was  re-nominated  and  elected  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  altogether  four  years  with  credit  to  himself  and  constituents. 

Again  he  made  preparations,  as  the  expiration  of  his  term  drew  near,  in  1880, 
to  retire  to  his  home  in  Wellsboro.  For  nearly  ten  years  he  had  been  actively 
engaged  in  public  life  at  Harrisburg  and  Washington,  and  he  sighed  for  relief  from 
the  cares  of  office.  But  higher  honors  were  in  store  for  him.  A  deadlock  had 
occurred  in  the  selection  of  a  United  States  Senator  at  Harrisburg,  and  after  many 
fruitless  attempts  to  select  a  caucus  nominee,  the  name  of  Mr.  Mitchell  was  proposed 
and  accepted  and  harmony  was  at  once  restored.  He  was  elected  and  served  six 
years,  from  March  4, 1881,  retiring  in  1887.  He  had  but  a  short  period  of  rest  until 
he  was  called  to  the  bench.  Few  men  have  had  a  longer  and  more  uninterrupted 
political  career,  or  have  held  more  high  offices  of  trust  and  honor  without  great 
efforts  to  secure  them.  In  nearly  every  instance  the  office  sought  the  man,  which 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  highest  marks  of  respect  that  can  be  shown  an  American 
citizen. 

Judge  Mitchell  was  married  October  3,  1860,  to  Jeanette  Baldwin,  a  daughter 
of  Buel  Baldwin,  of  Tioga  township,  to  which  union  were  bom  three  children: 
Herbert  B.,  George  D.,  and  Clara,  wife  of  Fred  W.  Fleitz,  an  attorney  of  Scranton. 
Mrs.  Mitchell  died  November  4,  1869.  On  February  18,  1871,  Judge  Mitchell  was 
again  married,  to  Mary  Alice  Archer,  daughter  of  Henry  S.  Archer,  of  Wellsboro. 
Five  children  have  been  bom  of  this  marriage,  viz:  Robert  A.,  Louisa,  Richard  S., 
Edward  R.,  and  Thomas  H.  In  religion,  the  family  adhere  to  the  Presbjrterian 
faith.  Judge  Mitchell  is  a  high-minded,  pure  and  efficient  judge,  and  is  greatly 
respected  by  the  people  of  his  native  county.  No  man  has  ever  occupied  the  bench 
who  has  striven  more  earnestly  to  mete  out  impartial  justice  to  all. 


THE    BAR     OF    TIOOA     COUXTT. 


At  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the  first  court  in  Wellsboro  there  were  no  resident 
lawyers  in  the  village.  The  only  lawyers  present,  of  whom  we  have  any  account, 
were  Ethan  Baldwin,  Henry  Wilson,  Francis  C.  Campbell  and  Robert  McClure.  The 
last  two  were  from  Willianuport. 


152  HISTOEY  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


William  Patton,  the  first  resident  lawyer,  came  soon  after  the  opening  of  the 
first  courts,  and  lived  in  a  little  log  cabin  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  resi- 
dence of  Judge  Williams.  He  was  a  son  of  Col.  John  Patton,  of  Eevolutionary  fame, 
and  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August  8,  1781,  and  there  grew  to  manhood,  studied 
law  and  married  Henrietta  Anthony.  Sherman  Day,  in  his  "Historical  Collections," 
has  this  to  say  concerning  him: 

Mr.  Waslibum,  Mr.  Elijali  Putnam  and  Mr.  Mallory  settled  at  Covington  "  Comers  " 
previous  to  1806.  Mr.  Bloss  and  Mr.  Hovey  had  settled  about  the  year  1801  two  miles 
below.  Mr.  Sackett  also  Uved  near  the  same  place.  The  landed  titles  were  for  a  long 
time  in  dispute  between  Connecticut  and  Pennsylvania  claimants.  When  at  last  they 
were  settled  in  favor  of  Pennsylvania,  or  "Pennamites"  as  the  "Connecticut  Boys" 
called  them,  Mr.  William  Patton  came  in  as  their  agent  and  laid  out  the  town,  about  the 
year  1823,  and  started  a  store  and  tavern. 

Mr.  Patton's  name  appears  first  on  the  assessment  list  of  Covington  township  for 
1818.  ta  1833  he  was  assessed  "37  town  lots"  in  addition  to  other  real  and  personal 
property.  He  came  to  Wellsboro  more  particularly  in  the  interest  of  heavy  land 
owners,  representing  among  others  Bartholomew  &  Patton,  the  latter,  whose  name 
was  John  Patton,  presumably  being  his  father.  This  firm  owned  large  tracts  of  land 
in  Tioga,  Richmond  and  Covington  townships.  In  1818  Mr.  Patton's  name  appears 
as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy,  and  in  1830  he  was  chosen  vice- 
president  of  the  board.  He  acted  as  deputy  attorney  general  in  1819.  His  yoxmger 
brother,  John,  was  appointed  prothonotary  of  Tioga  county  in  1831  and  served  three 
years.  William  served  as  his  deputy,  but  died  in  1833,  before  his  brother's  term  ex- 
pired. In  a  note  to  the  writer.  Gen.  John  Patton,  of  Curwensville,  a  son  of  John  Pat- 
ton, says:  "He  died  at  Wellsboro  in  1833;  this  information  comes  to  me  from  my 
mother,  she  having  carried  me  on  horseback,  when  but  six  weeks  old,  to  the  funeral. 
The  widow  of  William  Patton  married  Capt.  Samuel  Clements,  and  died  at  Hunting- 
don, Pennsylvania,  in  1865.  *  *  *  j  ^a,s  born  at  Covington,  January  6, 
1833.  William  Patton  acted  as  deputy  prothonotary  for  my  father."  Josiah  Emery, 
in  his  sketches  of  early  settlers  simply  refers  to  William  Patton  as  the  man  who 
"raised  the  first  tomatoes  in  the  county,  and  the  only  person  who  knew  that  mush- 
rooms were  fit  to  be  eaten." 

Claeendon  Eathbonb  was  born  at  Sutton,  Massachusetts,  March  33,  1796. 
After  the  usual  course  of  reading  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  Madi- 
son county.  New  York,  May  9,  1820,  and  soon  afterward  settled  in  Lawrenceville. 
In  December,  1831,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county.  In  1836  he  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  attorney  general  and  was  re-appointed  in  1837  and  in  1838.  Although 
the  duties  of  this  ofiice  required  his  presence  in  Wellsboro  during  the  sessions 
of  the  courts,  he  retained  his  home  and  residence  in  Lawrenceville.  He  filled  the 
ofiace  again  in  1834.  Besides  attending  to  his  law  business,  which  was  extensive  for 
that  time,  he  early  became  interested  in  public  improvements,  looking  toward  the 
development  of  the  timber  and  mineral  resources  of  Tioga  county,  and  assisted 
largely  in  bringing  about  the  passage  of  the  act  for  the  construction  of  the  Chemung 
canal  and  the  incorporation  of  the  Tioga  Navigation  Company,  which  resulted  in 
the  building  of  the  railroad  from  Corning  to  Blossburg  in  1840.  In  that  year  he  re- 
moved to  Blossburg  on  account  of  his  extensive  business  operations,  where  he  con- 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAK.  J53 


tinued  to  reside  until  his  death,  August  26,  1882,  at  the  age  of  almost  eighty-seven 
years.  He  was  a  man  of  high  social  and  business  standing,  possessed  excellent  legal 
ability,  and  was  noted  for  his  courteous  manners  and  gentlemanly  deportment.  As 
age  crept  upon  him  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  to  a  great  extent  his  legal  business, 
but  he  retained  his  standing  in  the  courts  of  the  county  almost  to  the  end  of  his  long, 
active  and  honorable  life. 

Hon.  Ellis  Lewis,  who  located  in  Wellsboro  in  1824,  was  a  native  of  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  bom  in  1798.  About  1814  he  was  apprenticed 
to  Theophilus  Fenn,  of  Harrisburg,  to  learn  the  printing  trade.  About  1819  or  1820 
he  became  dissatisfied  and  ran  away,  and  his  master,  to  comply  with  the  law,  offered  a 
reward  of  six  cents  for  his  apprehension.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  he  was  never 
called  on  to  pay  the  reward.  After  leaving  Harrisburg  young  Lewis  fotmd  his  way 
to  Williamsport  and  soon  associated  himself  with  J.  K.  Torbert  in  the  publicatimi  of 
the  Lycoming  Gazette.  He  afterwards  read  law  with  Espy  Van  Horn  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  September  2,  1822.  In  1824  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  became  a 
resident  attorney  of  the  village,  taking  up  his  abode  in  a  primitive  log  house  which 
stood  on  or  near  the  site  of  the  present  residence  of  Hon.  Horace  B.  Packer.  The 
building  was  two  stories  and  he  had  his  office  on  the  upper  floor,  which  hf  reached  by 
means  of  a  ladder  and  then  drew  it  up  after  him  so  that  it  would  not  be  in  the  way 
in  the  room  below.  When  a  client  or  any  one  wishing  to  see  him  came,  his  wife 
called  to  him,  and  he  let  down  the  ladder,  and  the  visitor  ascended.  He  served  as 
deputy  attorney  general  in  1824-25. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1825,  in  connection  with  his  nephew,  Rankin  Lewi?,  he  be- 
gan the  publication  of  the  Tioga  Pianeer,  the  first  newspaper  in  the  cimnty.  In  ls28 
he  removed  to  Towanda.  In  1832  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature.  On  January 
29,  1833,  he  was  commissioned  attorney  general  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  October  of 
that  year  Governor  Wolf  appointed  him  jiresident  judge  of  the  judicial  district  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  T^ycoming,  Northumberland,  Union  and  Tolumbia,  and  he 
again  took  up  his  residence  in  AVilliamsport.  This  place  seenu'd  like  home  to  him, 
for  here  he  had  married  his  wife,  Josephine,  daughter  of  Joseph  J.  Wallis.  After 
serving  ten  years  he  was  appointed  president  judge  of  the  Lancaster  di.>trict  in  Jan- 
uary, 1843,  and  in  1851  he  was  elevated  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  On 
December  4,  IH.^il,  he  was  commissioned  chief  justice,  which  high  position  he  held 
until  November  17,  1857.  He  declined  a  renomination,  retired  to  private  life  and 
died  in  Philadelphia  Jfarch  19,  1871. 

Many  pleasant  traditions  of  Judge  Lewis  during  his  residence  in  Wellsboro  are 
handed  down.  By  some  he  was  regarded  as  the  father  of  the  bar.  In  the  practice  of 
those  early  days  there  were  many  pleasantries  indulged  in.  The  resident  lawyers  were 
not  the  only  practitioners  at  the  Tioga  cotinty  bar.  Horace  Williston,  of  Athens,  was 
generally  at  every  court;  po  were  Simon  Kinney  and  Edward  Overton  and  David 
Cash,  of  Towanda.  Oicn.^ionally  there  was  an  attorney  from  Elmira  and  Williams- 
port;  while  A.  V  Parsons,  of  Jersey  Shore,  was  never  absent  till  he  became  an  otlii  .^ 
holder.    These  outside  lawyers  took  the  cream  of  the  practice. 

WiLLi.vM  (Jarretson-,  one  of  the  pioneer  members  of  the  bar,  was  bom  in 
Mount  Pleasant,  Ohio,  October  l.T,  1801,  when  that  place  was  just  emerging  from  the 
wilderness.     Removing  to  Alexandria,  Virginia,  he  taught  school  there  in  1820.     In 


154  HISTORY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


1821  he  came  to  Lewisburg,  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  read  medicine  with 
Dr.  Webster  Lewis,  a  brother  of  Ellis  Lewis,  one  of  the  first  resident  lawyers  of  Wells- 
boro.  He  came  to  Wellsboro  in  the  summer  of  1835,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
September  13,  of  that  year.  In  January,  1837,  he  removed  to  Tioga,  where  he  opened 
an  office  and  for  some  time,  in  connection  with  his  practice,  edited  the  Tioga  Pioneer, 
after  its  removal  to  that  village.  He  filled  the  office  of  deputy  attorney  general  in 
1839.  In  1836  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  and  was  re-elected  in  1837.  He 
stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  Thaddeus  Stevens  in  his  great  fight  for  the  passage 
of  the  common  school  law,  and  rendered  him  valuable  service  in  that  cause.  Mr. 
Garretson  was  one  of  the  parties  interested  in  the  celebrated  "Slave  Hunt,"  and 
aided  the  fugitives  in  their  flight  for  liberty.  He  became  a  prominent  conductor 
on  the  "Underground  Eailroad,"  and  assisted  many  a  fugitive  on  his  way  to  freedom. 
He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  James  Buchanan,  and  when  the  latter  was 
appointed  minister  to  Great  Britain  by  President  Pierce,  he  offered  Mr.  Garretson 
the  position  of  secretary,  which  he  declined.  As  they  were  of  opposite  political 
views,  the  tender  of  such  an  office  was  a  very  high  compliment.  In  1869  Mr.  Garret- 
son received  an  appointment  in  the  department  of  internal  revenue,  "Washington,  D. 

C,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  December  33, 1872.  The  bar  of  Tioga  county 
held  a  meeting,  and  passed  suitable  resolutions  to  his  high  character  and  worth 
which  were  inscribed  in  the  court  minutes.  Mr.  Garretson  was  a  man  of  sterling 
integrity,  decided  opinions  and  positive  convictions,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of 
his  contemporaries  at  the  bar. 

Hon.  James  Loweey  was  bom  in  Parmington,  Connecticut,  in  1802,  and 
graduated  from  Yale  College  in  the  class  of  1824,  soon  after  which  he  came  to  Wells- 
boro, and  taught  in  the  academy  from  November,  1834,  to  April,  1825,  when  he 
began  the  study  of  law  under  Ellis  Lewis.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1836,  and 
became  the  partner  of  his  preceptor.  For  nearly  forty  years  Mr.  Lowrey  practiced 
law  in  Tioga  county,  removing  in  1865  to  Burlington,  New  Jersey.  He  was  a 
gentleman  of  scholastic  attainments,  a  lover  and  a  student  of  the  best  literature  and 
did  much  to  stimulate  the  intellectual  life  of  Wellsboro.  Although  not  distin- 
guished as  an  advocate,  he  was  wise  in  counsel  and  enjoyed  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  1835  he  married  Mary  W.  Morris,  a  daughter  of  Judge  Samuel  W. 
Morris,  and  a  lady  of  culture  and  refinement.  His  home  and  his  office  were  for 
years  centers  of  attraction  for  the  student  and  the  lover  of  learning.  It  has  been 
truthfully  said  of  him  that  "his  professional  career  was  without  a  stain,  and  his 
private  life  equally  spotless  in  its  purity,  and  he  was  distinguished  alike  for  his 
modesty  and  his  learning,  for  his  gentleness  of  heart  and  his  clearness  of  head."  He 
represented  Tioga  county  in  the  legislature  two  years.  Close  application  to 
business  having  undermined  his  health,  he  abandoned  his  profession,  removed  to 
New  Jersey,  and  engaged  in  agriculture,  hoping  to  recover  his  physical  strength 
while  devoting  his  time  to  light  outdoor  pursuits.  But  the  change  did  not  benefit 
his  condition,  and  he  died  suddenly  November  30, 1875,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of 
his  age. 

After  his  death  Mrs.  Lowrey  took  up  her  residence  for  a  time  in  Washington, 

D.  C,  and  then  removed  to  Pasadena,  California,  where  she  died  August 
23,  1896,  aged  eighty-three  years.      Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lowre/s  surviving  children 


THB    BENCH    AND    BAB.  155 


are  Anna  Morris;  llary,  wife  of  Hon.  Henry  Booth,  of  Chicago;  Ellen  M.,  wife  of 
Frederick  K.  Wright,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Louisa,  wife  of  Frank  Foster,  of  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota. 

JosiAH  Emehy  became  well  and  widely  known  as  an  educator,  scholar,  lawyer 
and  historical  writer,  and  more  than  passing  reference  should  be  given  to  him.  He 
was  born  in  Canterbury,  New  Hampshire,  November  30,  1801,  and  traced  his 
ancestry  back  through  six  generations  to  Xathan  Emery.  The  family  was  of 
Norman  origin.  He  was  the  third  of  sixteen  children  bom  to  Nathan  and  Betsy 
(McCrillis)  Emery,  and  attended  Kimball  Union  Academy,  in  his  native  State,  until 
the  age  of  nineteen,  when  he  entered  Dartmouth  Colkt,^-.  Here  he  remained  until 
reaching  his  majority,  and  then  followed  teaching  for  six  years.  He  was  graduated 
from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  1828,  in  which  year  he  came  to 
Wellsboro,  and  took  charge  as  principal  of  the  academy.  After  hU  retirement 
from  the  Wellsboro  Academy  he  was  married  February  l'^,  1830,  to  Julia  Ann, 
daughter  of  Hon.  John  Beecher,  of  Tioga  county,  an  old-time  landlord,  sheriff  and 
member  of  the  legislature. 

Mr.  Emery  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Wellsboro  in  1831.  He  served  aa  district 
attorney  of  Tioga  county  and  postmaster  of  Wellsboro;  also  as  commissioner  of 
bankruptcy,  and  of  drafts  during  the  war.  In  18  U  he  removed  to  Williamsport, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  for  a  short  time,  when  he  retired.  lie  always  took 
a  deep  interest  in  literary  work,  and  especially  in  the  cause  of  education.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  trustee  of  the  Wellsboro  .\cademy,  after  retiring  from  it  as  teacher, 
and  he  wrote  much  on  local  topics.  Through  his  industry  in  this  line  of  work  a 
great  deal  of  early  history  relating  to  Wellsboro  and  Tioga  county  has  been 
preserved. 

During  his  residence  in  Williamsport  lie  was  a  member  of  the  school  board  for 
nine  years,  serving  one  term  as  jiresident.  lie  founded  the  public  school  library, 
and  the  Emery  school  building  in  that  city  was  named  in  his  honor,  because  of  his 
devotion  to  the  cause  of  education.  The  closing  years  of  his  long  and  industrious 
life  were  devoted  to  literary  pursuits.  He  wrote  much  for  the  local  press.  One  of 
his  greatest  efforts  in  the  literary  line  was  a  manuscript  history  of  earthquakes. 

On  July  24, 1871,  Mr.  Emery  had  the  misfortime  to  lose  liis  wife  by  death.  He 
survived  her  almost  twenty  years,  dying  in  Williamsport,  April  26,  1891,  at  the  ripe 
age  of  ninety  years,  four  months  and  twenty-eight  days.  Both  are  buried  in  the 
cemetery  at  Wellsboro.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Emery  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children, 
five  sons  and  six  daughters. 

Hon.  John  Wesley  Maykabd,  who  attained  to  great  distinction  in  the  legal 
profession,  commenced  his  career  in  Tioga  county.  He  was  bom  ilay  18,  1806,  at 
Springfield,  Vermont.  In  1823  his  parents  removed  to  Hamilton,  New  York,  where 
he  received  an  academic  education.  lie  commenced  studying  law  in  the  office  of 
William  G.  Angell  and  George  C.  Clyde,  of  Otsepo  county,  where  he  spent  three 
years,  and  in  1828  removed  with  his  parents  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  practiced  law  until  the  spring  of  1833,  when  he  located  in  Tioga.  In 
18(0  ho  removed  to  Williamsport,  because  it  afforded  a  wider  field.  He  became 
eminent  at  the  bar  of  Lycoming  county.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  assistant  law 
judge  at  Pittsburg,  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  president  judge  of  the  Third  judicial 


156  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


district,  composed  of  Northampton  and  Lehigh  counties,  where  he  remained  for  six 
years  and  then  resigned  and  returned  to  Williamsport.  After  an  experience  of  half 
a  century  he  retired  from  practice  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  repose.  He 
was  a  ripe  scholar,  an  able  lawyer  and  brilliant  advocate.  Judge  Maynard  was  mar- 
ried three  times.  The  second  wife  of  Peter  Herdic  was  a  daughter  by  his  second 
marriage.  He  died  at  Minnequa  in  1885,  at  the  ripe  age  of  nearly  seventy-nine 
years. 

Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey  was  born  in  Hudson,  New  York,  January  38,  1811. 
When  he  was  about  four  months  old  his  parents  removed  to  Susquehanna  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  His  father  died  early,  leaving  a  widow  and 
eight  children.  At  nine  years  of  age  young  Guernsey  was  thrown  entirely  on  his  own 
resources,  but  possessing  ambition  and  pluck,  he  managed  to  secure  an  education  at 
the  Montrose  Academy.  In  1831  he  came  to  Wellsboro;  commenced  reading  law 
under  the  direction  of  James  Lowrey;  was  admitted  in  1835,  and  opened  an  office  at 
Tioga.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  United  States  marshal,  and  that  year  took  the 
census  of  the  entire  county  of  Tioga,  which  gave  a  population  of  15,498.  In  1850  he 
removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  resided  until  1853,  when  he  returned  to  Tioga.  He 
served  one  term  in  the  State  Senate  and  two  terms  in  the  House.  Although  leading 
such  an  active  public  life,  Mr.  Guernsey  did  not  neglect  his  practice,  which  embraced 
the  counties  of  Tioga,  Potter,  McKean,  Bradford  and  Lycoming.  He  devoted  his 
principal  attention  to  collections,  and  won  a  high  record  as  an  honest  lawyer  and  a 
man  of  unquestioned  integrity.  To  his  watchful  care  was  intrusted  the  manage- 
ment of  many  estates,  and  he  acquired  a  competency  by  the  practice  of  his  profession 
which  he  continued  to  prosecute  until  1874,  when  advancing  age  admonished  him  to 
retire.  His  wife,  Susan  Marriott  Morris,  was  a  daughter  of  Judge  Samuel  Wells 
Morris,  and  brought  to  his  home  culture  and  refinement.  He  died  at  his  residence  in 
the  borough  of  Tioga,  November  39, 1883. 

Alexandbb  S.  Beewstee  was  born  at  Bridgwater,  Susquehanna  county,  Peim- 
sylvania,  April  7,  1813,  a  son  of  Jonah  and  Lovisa  (Sprague)  Brewster.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  Montrose  Academy,  and 
when  sixteen  years  of  age  began  teaching  school,  which  he  followed  about  a  year.  He 
came  with  his  father  to  Tioga  in  1839,  and  clerked  in  the  store  until  the  spring  of 
1831,  when  he  became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  offtce  at  Wellsboro.  During  this  period 
he  read  law  under  James  Lowrey,  was  admitted  to  practice  in  February,  1835,  and  is 
to-day  the  oldest  living  member  of  the  Tioga  bar.  Ten  days  after  his  admission  he 
was  appointed  district  attorney  and  filled  the  office  three  years.  In  1839  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Porter  prothonotary  of  the  county,  held  the  office  one  year,  and 
was  then  elected  a  county  auditor.  He  practiced  his  profession  a  few  years  and  then 
secured  the  position  of  transcribing  clerk  in  the  legislature,  in  1846,  and  served  as 
such  six  years.  He  subsequently  held  the  postmastership  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  also 
filled  the  offices  of  councilman,  burgess  and  poormaster.  Though  a  staunch  Demo- 
crat, and  living  in  a  community  strongly  Eepublican,  'Squire  Brewster  has  been 
elected  seven  successive  terms  as  justice  of  the  peace,  each  time  without  opposition, 
and  at  the  close  of  his  present  term  will  have  held  the  office  thirty-five  consecutive 
years.  In  the  eariy  thirties  he  was  major  of  the  First  Battalion,  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-sixth  Eegiment,  Pennsylvania  Militia,  and  took  quite  an  active  interest  in  local 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAH.  157 


military  affairs  during  that  period.  On  December  3,  1843,  Major  Brewster  married 
Mary  Sophronia  Smith,  of  Chenango  comity.  New  York,  to  which  union  have  been 
born  six  children,  viz:  Mary  E.,  Joseph  W.,  Almira  and  James  J.,  all  of  whom  are 
dead;  Mary  S.,  wife  of  C.  H.  Eoberts,  of  Tioga  county,  and  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  James 
E.  Fish,  of  Wellsboro.  'Squire  Brewster's  family  are  connected  with  the  Presby 
terian  church.  Though  never  accumulating  much  of  this  world's  riches,  he  is  held  in 
high  esteem  by  the  people  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  lived  for  sixty-five  years. 

Hon.  Loeenzo  Pahsons  Williston,  bom  at  Binghamton,  Xew  York,  August, 
1815,  died  at  his  home  in  Wellsboro  ilay  22,  1887.  He  received  a  good  education 
and  studied  law  under  the  direction  of  his  father,  Hon.  Horace  Williston  (then  of 
Athens),  who  served  as  president  judge  here  a  short  time,  by  appointment,  after  the 
retirement  of  Judge  Conyngham.  After  settling  in  Wellsboro  he  was  associated 
for  a  short  time  with  Hon.  S.  F.  Wilson  in  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  legislature  and  served  in  that  body  until 
1860.  President  Lincoln  appointed  him  United  States  judge  in  Dakota,  and  three 
years  afterwards  he  was  transferred  to  Montana.  Returning  honu-  he  settled  at 
Towanda  and  practiced  his  profession  there  for  three  years,  when  he  retunu-d  to 
Wellsboro,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death,  the  immediate  cause  of 
which  was  apoplexy.  Judge  Williston  married  Miss  Martha  A.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
John  B.  Murphey,  one  of  the  early  physicians  of  Wt'llsboro.  His  widow,  two  sons  and 
two  daughters  survive. 

Hon.  John  C.  Knox,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  members  of  tlie  Tioga 
county  bar,  was  born  in  what  is  now  the  borough  of  Kno.xville,  February  18,  1817. 
He  studied  law  with  Judge  Purple,  of  Lawrenceville,  afterward  a  prominent  jurist 
in  Illinois,  and  with  William  (Jarretson,  of  Tioga,  wJiere  he  practiced  a  few  years 
and  then  removed  to  Wellsboro.  He  rose  rapidly  in  his  chosen  profession,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  county.  He  served  as  deputy  attorney 
general  in  1840-42.  In  1845  he  was  sent  to  the  legislature  and  re-elected  the 
next  year,  but  before  the  expiration  of  his  last  year  Governor  Sliunk  appointed  him 
judge  of  a  judicial  district  in  the  western  part  of  the  Stiito.  Before  his  term  expired 
he  was  nominated  and  elected  an  associate  justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court.  The 
routine  work  of  the  court  proved  too  monotonous,  and  he  resigned  before  the  expi- 
ration of  his  term.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  attorney  general  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  at  the  close  of  his  term  he  accepted  the  position  of  judge  advocate  in  the  United 
States  army  and  held  it  till  the  close  of  the  war.  Settling  in  Philadelphia  he  soon 
took  high  rank  as  a  lawyer,  but  in  the  midst  of  his  busy  practice  he  was  stricken  with 
paralysis  of  the  brain  and  was  forced  to  retire  from  the  bar.  He  lingered  for  several 
years  in  a  helpless  condition  and  died  at  Wellsboro  August  26,  1880.  As  a  lawyer 
he  was  able  and  brilliant,  and  would  have  attained  to  higher  eminence  in  the  profes- 
sion if  he  had  been  permitted  to  reach  the  full  maturity  of  his  powers.  He  was  an 
honor  to  the  profession  and  the  county  that  gave  him  birth,  and  his  death  was 
deeply  mourned. 

Pardon'  Damon  was  an  old-time  member  of  the  bar.  He  was  bom  in  ^fnsfsa- 
chiisotts  in  1808.  When  a  young  man  he  came  to  this  county,  read  law  with  John 
C.  Knox,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  located  in  practice  at  Lawrenceville.  ^fuch 
of  his  time  was  devoted  to  real  estate  business,  and  buying  and  selling  land.     He 


158  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


married  Lois  Lindsley  and  died  in  Lawrenceville,  in  1873,  in  the  sixty-fourth  year 
of  his  age. 

A.  J.  MoNBOE  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  October  7, 1806;  came  to  Tioga  county 
in  1843;  studied  law  with  Hon.  John  C.  Knox,  at  Lawrenceville,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1843.  Locating  at  Knoxville  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1849  he  was  appointed  deputy  attorney  general,  and  he  represented 
Tioga  county  in  the  legislature  in  1850.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Monticello,  Iowa, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  and  held  several  offices  of  trust. 

William  Adams  was  born  in  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  March  34,  1816,  a  son  of 
Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county.  In  1831  he  became 
an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  Tioga  Pioneer,  then  published  by  Eankin  Lewis  & 
Co.  In  1838  he  succeeded  Dr.  Cyrus  Pratt  as  owner  and  editor  of  the  paper,  which 
then  bore  the  name  of  Tioga  Democrat.  In  1840  he  sold  a  half  interest  to  John  C. 
Knox  and  others,  and  the  plant  was  removed  to  Lawrenceville  and  the  name 
changed  to  Lawrence  Sentinel.  The  next  year  he  sold  his  remaining  interest  in 
the  paper,  returned  to  Tioga  township  and  bought  a  farm  on  Mill  creek,  where  for 
fourteen  years  he  followed  agriculture  in  connection  with  the  practice  of  law.  Mr. 
Adams  was  married,  February  33,  1841,  to  Euth  Ann  Daily,  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Violetta  (Niles)  Daily,  to  which  union  two  children  were  born:  John  Willard,  an 
attorney  of  Mansfield,  and  William  Erastus,  who  died  on  March  30,  1873,  aged 
twenty-seven  years,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  collector  of  internal  revenue  for 
this  district.  In  1855  Mr.  Adams  removed  to  Mansfield,  and  in  1857  he  was  chosen 
a  justice  of  the  peace.  With  the  exception  of  the  years  1883  and  1883,  when  he  was 
door-keeper  of  the  State  Senate  at  Harrisburg,  he  filled  the  office  continuously  up  to 
May,  1895.  Prom  1863  to  1877  he  was  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Mansfield. 
Mrs.  Adams  died  in  that  borough  July  31,  1868.  Her  husband  survived  until 
August  11,  1895,  dying  at  the  ripe  age  of  nearly  eighty  years.  In  politics  he  was  a 
staunch  Eepubliean,  and  in  religion  a  Methodist.  He  was  also  a  member  of  Priend- 
ship  Lodge,  No.  347,  P.  &  A.  M.  Besides  serving  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  he  filled 
the  office  of  councilman,  assessor  and  school  director,  and  was  one  of  the  useful  and 
respected  citizens  of  Mansfield. 

John  'N.  Bache,  a  son  of  William  Bache,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  March  8,  1830,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  his  brother-in-law,  Hon.  Eobert  G.  White,  in 
1841,  and  completed  the  usual  legal  course  at  Yale  Law  School,  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut.  In  the  fall  of  1843  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  and 
is  one  of  its  oldest  members  now  living.  He  personally  knew  and  has  a  very  clear 
recollection  of  many  of  the  old-time  lawyers  who  practiced  at  this  bar.  He  devoted 
his  attention  chiefly  to  land  titles  and  collections,  as  jury  trials  were  generally 
distasteful  to  him.  He  served  as  deputy  attorney  general  for  about  one  year.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  register  and  recorder,  served  one  term,  and  was  afterwards 
chosen  a  justice  of  the  peace,  but  he  soon  resigned  the  office.  Years  ago,  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother  William,  he  turned  his  attention  to  timber  and  coal  lands 
and  geological  explorations.  They  first  called  the  attention  of  the  Pall  Brook  Coal 
Company  to  the  lands  now  known  as  the  Antrim  Pield,  the  development  of  which  has 
added  so  much  wealth  and  prosperity  to  the  county.     Mr.  Bache  was  married  at 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  159 


Seneca  Falls,  New  York,  September  1,  1847,  to  Sarah  StoweU,  a  daughter  of  Heze- 
kiah  Stowell,  one  of  the  pioneer  lumbermen  of  Tioga  county.  She  was  bom  in 
Bainbridge,  Xew  York,  June  30,  1823,  and  came  with  her  parents  to  Wellsboro  in 
childhood.  Six  children  were  bom  of  this  marriage,  three  of  whom  grew  to  matu- 
rity, viz:  Anna  S.,  wife  of  A.  A.  Truman;  Louisa  M.,  wife  of  L.  F.  Truman,  and 
Nellie,  wife  of  F.  W.  Graves,  all  of  whom  are  residents  of  Wellsboro.  Mrs.  Bache 
died  at  her  home  in  that  borough  December  31,  1896,  after  a  residence  there  of 
nearly  half  a  century.  In  politics  ilr.  Bache  was  originally  a  \Vliig,  but  has  been  a 
Republican  since  the  organization  of  that  part;y.  Although  now  retired  from  active 
business  life,  he  is  still  recognized  as  one  of  Wellsboro's  most  substantial  citizens. 

Julius  Sherwood  was  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  bar  forty  veins  ago. 
He  was  bom  in  what  is  now  Schuyler  county,  New  York,  January  2'i,  1^'i'i.  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county,  December  17, 1844.  From  the  time  of  his 
admission  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  he  continued  to  practice  at  Wells- 
boro. When  Sumter  was  fired  on  he  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  Tioga  county  to 
take  an  active  part  in  raising  troops  for  the  defense  of  the  Union,  and  was  elected 
captain  of  one  of  the  two  first  companies  organized  at  Wellsboro,  on  Monday,  .Vpril 
22, 1861.  lie  filled  the  same  position  when  his  men  were  mustered  in  ai  Cam])  Cur- 
tin  the  following  June,  as  Company  H,  Thirty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
served  until  September,  1861,  when  he  resigned.  Mr.  Sherwood  died  at  Williams- 
port,  July  7,  1875. 

A.  P.  Cone  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1820.  When  a  young  man  he  came 
to  Elkland  and  settled,  lie  read  law  under  the  direction  of  lion.  John  ('.  Kno.x,  at 
Lawrenceville,  and  was  admitted  in  1846.  In  addition  to  his  law  business,  hf  became 
an  active  operator  in  real  estate  and  a  builder  of  houses  and  hotels.  He  built  a  largo 
hotel  in  Wellsboro  in  18G9-70,  which  was  named  the  Cone  House,  but  is  now  known 
as  the  Coles  House.  He  also  built  the  Albemarle  House  at  Elizabeth  City,  .N'orth 
Carolina,  through  which  he  suffered  heavy  losses.    Mr.  Cone  died  in  1871. 

Hon.  John  ^\^  Ryon  was  born  in  l^lkland,  Tioga  county,  March  4,  iy?."i,  a  son 
of  Judge  John  Ryon,  and  grandson  of  John  Ryon,  both  pioneers  of  the  ( 'owanesque 
valley.  He  received  an  academical  education  at  Millville,  New  York,  and  Wellsboro. 
Pennsylvania;  read  law  with  Hon.  John  C.  Knox,  at  Wellsboro,  and  comiileted  his 
studies  with  Hon.  .lames  Lowrey  of  the  same  place.  He  was  admitted  tn  the  bar  of 
Tioga  county  in  1846,  and  soon  after  opened  an  offiee  at  Lawrenceville.  In  ls.">0  he 
was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  district  attorney,  was  re-elected  at  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term,  and  filled  the  office  six  consecutive  years,  discharging:  its  duties  in 
a  very  satisfactory  manner,  ifr.  Ryon  was  not  only  an  able  and  safe  counsellor,  but 
was  reeo'::nized  as  a  powerful  advocate,  and  his  practice  extended  to  the  adjoining 
counties  of  Totter,  .McKean  and  Bradford,  where  he  met  in  legal  coml>at  the  best 
lawyers  of  those  sections.  ( >n  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  he  heartily  supported 
the  government,  and  did  all  in  his  power  to  encourage  enlistments  and  raise  troops 
for  tlu'  defense  of  the  llaj:.  Ho  was  largely  instrumental  in  raising  Company  A,  of 
the  famous  liuektails,  and  gave  freely  of  his  time  and  means  towards  that  object, 
in  ISCl  he  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Corps,  and  held 
that  position  one  year,  during  which  time  the  Reserves  were  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service.    In  March,  1863,  :Mr.  Kyon  removed  to  Tottsvillo.  Srhuylkill 


160  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTT. 

county,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  represented  the  Thirteenth  congressional 
district  in  Congress  one  term,  and  for  the  past  thirty  years  he  has  been  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  central  and  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

Hon.  Chahles  H.  Setmoue  was  born  in  Bath,  New  York,  June  31,  1830; 
studied  law  with  Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey,  at  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
ISl?.  He  was  an  active  practitioner  for  many  years  and  a  recognized  leader  at  the 
Tioga  bar.  In  November,  1876,  he  was  elected  a  state  senator  and  represented  his 
district  with  ability  and  fidelity  four  years.  Before  the  close  of  his  term  he  con- 
tracted a  malarial  disease  which  was  the  indirect  cause  of  his  death,  at  his  home  in 
the  borough  of  Tioga,  June  6,  1883,  in  his  sizty-second  year. 

Hon.  Heney  Sheewood  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  successful  mem- 
bers of  the  Tioga  county  bar  for  nearly  half  a  century.  He  was  a  native  of  Bridge- 
port, Connecticut,  bom  October  9,  1813,  and  a  son  of  Salmon  and  Phoebe  (Burritt) 
Sherwood,  of  that  place,  where  his  paternal  ancestor,  Thomas  Sherwood,  settled  ia 
1645.  Henry  was  of  the  seventh  generation  from  the  founder  of  the  American 
branch  of  the  family.  In  1817  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  the  town  of  Catheriae, 
in  what  is  now  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  where  he  spent  his  boyhood  days  on  a 
farm.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools,  supplemented  by  a  few 
terms  at  an  academy.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  teaching,  which  he  followed 
about  a  year,  and  then  went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  clerked  in  a  general  store 
a  few  years.  He  later  resided  in  the  South  for  several  years,  mostly  in  Louisiana  and 
what  is  now  the  State  of  Texas.  While  there  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Texan  army 
under  General  Houston,  and  when  the  independence  of  Texas  was  obtained  he  re- 
turned to  Columbia,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  which  place  his  parents  had 
removed.  In  1840  he  located  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  a  merchant 
and  lumberman.  Meeting  with  financial  reverses,  he  entered  -the  employ  of  Joel 
Parkhurst,  of  Elkland,  for  whom  he  clerked  a  few  years. 

Mr.  Sherwood  began  the  study  of  law  in  1845,  and  in  December,  1846,  removed 
to  Wellsboro  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Hon.  Eobert  G.  White.  He  pursued  his 
studies  under  Judge  White  until  his  admission  to  the  bar,  September  7,  1847,  when 
he  entered  at  once  into  active  practice.  With  the  passing  years  he  built  up  a  fine 
legal  busiuess  and  became  widely  known  as  a  safe  and  successful  lawyer.  His  courte- 
ous manners  and  pleasing  address  made  him  a  favorite  among  the  people,  and  for 
nearly  half  a  century  he  was  engaged  in  all  of  the  important  civil  and  criminal 
causes  tried  in  Tioga  county.  His  professional  career  was  one  of  uninterrupted  suc- 
cess. Possessing  a  strong  constitution  and  great  will  power,  his  force  and  persevering 
industry  swept  aside  every  obstacle  that  came  in  his  way.  His  perceptive  faculties 
were  of  the  keenest  character  and  his  knowledge  of  human  nature  enabled  him  to 
fathom  men  and  their  motives.  Among  the  qualities  that  made  Mr.  Sherwood  a 
successful  lawyer  and  a  formidable  advocate,  were  his  good  judgment,  ready  appre- 
ciation of  the  strong  points  of  his  case  and  the  weak  points  in  the  other  side;  his 
great  industry  in  the  thorough  preparation  of  his  case,  never  trusting  to  chance,  but 
always  possessing  a  clear  understanding  of  it;  while  his  good  judgment  of  men  and 
knowledge  of  how  the  grouping  of  facts  would  strike  the  court  and  jury,  generally 
enabled  him  to  make  the  most  out  of  the  cross-examination  of  the  opposing  wit- 
nesses.   His  indomitable  courage  never  deserted  him.    When  the  tide  seemed  to  be 


/ 


I  j^'-■o^^  v^  a,-^ ,-  r <  -7-cC_) 


THE    BEXCH    AXD    BAB.  \Q\ 


the  strongest  against  his  client  he  worked  the  harder,  and  his  ingenuity  and  tact  en- 
abled him  to  get  the  best  possible  results  out  of  desperate  cases.  He  had  wonderful 
capacity  and  inclination  for  work,  and  loved  it  more  for  the  success  he  achieved  than 
for  the  remuneration  it  brought  him.  His  strongest  characteristic?,  therefore,  were 
industry,  good  judgment  of  men,  tact  and  courage. 

In  the  practice  of  his  profession  Mr.  Sherwood  was  always  ready  to  volunteer 
in  the  defense  of  the  poor  and  unfortunate,  and  no  person  was  ever  turned  from  his 
office  for  want  of  money  to  pay  fees.  His  zeal  for  his  client  was  the  same  whether 
there  was  a  good  fee  at  the  end  of  the  case  or  not.  He  always  made  his  cUent's  case 
his  own  and  contested  every  point  as  if  his  personal  interests  were  at  stake.  He 
loved  his  profession,  and  to  him  the  keenest  gratification  of  his  life  was  at  the  close 
of  a  trial  in  which  he  had  successfully  defended  and  vindicated  the  right*  of  a  client 
uiion  whom  he  felt  a  wrong  had  been  sought  to  be  perpetrated.  C'cmipensation  with 
him,  as  with  every  true  lawyer,  was  a  matter  of  secondary  consideration.  H  is  client's 
interest  was  his  first  thought  and  his  own  remuneration  a  mere  incident  in  the  case. 
Mr.  Sherwood  was  especially  loved  liy  the  younger  members  of  the  bur  for  liis  uni- 
form kindness  and  courtesy,  being  ever  ready  to  extend  to  them  a  heli)int;  hand. 
Frequently  called  upon  for  advice,  he  fjave  it  cheerfully,  and  there  are  mcniliers  of 
the  Tioga  county  bar  who  will  cherish  his  memory  as  long  as  they  live.  For  more 
than  forty  years  he  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profcssicm.  winning  a  large 
practice  and  attaining  a  well-earned  prominence  at  the  bar.  .V  few  years  a;,'o  the 
advancing  infirmities  of  age  compelled  him  to  retire  from  active  work,  and  he  spi-nt 
the  sunset  of  an  honoralile,  upright  life  in  tiie  ipiiel  happiness  of  his  home  in  Wells- 
boro,  where  lie  died  N(ivend)er  10,  IS'.XI.  hnvinir  passeil  the  ripe  af,'e  of  cigiity-ihrce 
years.    At  his  death  the  court  and  bar  ado]]ied  the  followiiii,'  tributi^  to  his  nicninry: 

Rchiilviil,  That  by  the  death  of  Henry  SIutwhoc'.,  who  forii  half  acriiturywa«an  active 
membpr  of  the  liar  nnd  one  of  the  lending  lawyiTs  of  I'eniisvl\,iiiin,  the  court  and  bar 
of  Tiofra  ciiiinty  in  dcvp  sorrow  reeog'ni/e  the  Iohs  of  n  profound  jiiriHt  nnd  an  able 
advocate,  a  patriotic  .slntcsnian,  nn  agreeable,  companionable  pentl>-man,  a  noble 
and  (^enerouK  private  citi/.cn.  u  kind  husband  and  an  indulgent  and  affectionate  father. 

Aside  from  his  profession,  Mr.  Sherwood  always  took  a  lively  interest  in  what- 
ever had  a  tendency  to  de\elo|)  the  resoiireo  ui  the  eouiiiy  and  advance  it.--  indus- 
trial prosperity,  lie  was  a  jiriine  mover  in  the  oriranization  of  the  Tioga  County  Ag- 
ricultural .Society,  in  1S.")-J,  and  was  its  president  in  ls:i!t.  when  he  introduced  Ildrace 
(Jreeley  to  the  large  audience  gathered  to  hear  that  distinj^ui.shed  journalist,  whimi 
he  had  engaged  to  deliver  an  address  to  the  society,  ilr.  Sherwood  was  also  untiring 
in  his  efforts  to  secure  the  construction  of  the  railr<)ad  from  Well.'-horo  to  Lawrence- 
ville,  now  the  Corning.  Cowanesijiie  and  .Viitrim  section  of  the  Fall  Brook,  and 
served  as  president  of  the  company  from  its  organization  until  the  completion  of  the 
road  in  187S.  He  strongly  advocated  the  building  of  the  .Tersey  Shore  and  Pine 
Creek  railroad,  now  a  part  of  tlie  Fall  Brook  system,  was  a  director  of  the  company 
until  the  road  was  finished,  and  president  of  the  same  from  its  organization  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.    He  wa.s  also  a  director  in  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad  Company. 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Mr.  Siierwood  gave  an  unswerving  and  loyal 
8up|)ort  to  the  Union  cause,  and  during  its  continuance  aided  lihcrally  in  sending 
men  to  the  front  and  in  stirring  up  an  inten.se  spirit  of  patriotism  among  the  people. 

II 


162  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Throughout  his  long  and  active  career  he  was  always  a  staunch  Democrat,  and  was 
the  candidate  of  his  party  for  Congress  in  this  district  three  times,  in  1856,  1870  and 
1873.  In  1870  he  defeated  William  H.  Armstrong,  of  Williamsport,  the  Republican 
nominee,  by  a  majority  of  twenty-seven  votes,  wiping  out  Mr.  Armstrong's  previous 
majority  of  3,038,  much  to  the  surprise  of  his  opponent,  thus  proving  his  popularity 
among  the  people  of  the  district.  His  course  in  Congress  was  creditable  to  himself 
and  constituents.  He  also  represented  the  district  several  times  in  state  and  national 
conventions  and  always  gave  his  best  efforts  towards  the  success  of  his  party. 

Mr.  Sherwood  was  twice  married.  In  February,  1843,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sarah  M.  Allen,  of  Cortland  county,  New  York.  She  died  August  17, 
,  1871,  leaving  one  son,  Walter,  now  a  well-known  lawyer  of  Wellsboro.  Two  years 
later  he  married  Levancia  Allen,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife,  who  survives  him.  An 
ardent  lover  of  nature,  Mr.  Sherwood  had  the  deepest  affection  for  every  living 
thing,  and  took  great  pleasure  in  the  companionship  of  the  domestic  pets  which 
always  found  a  warm  welcome  in  his  home.  He  also  loved  the  green  fields,  the  woods 
and  the  flowers,  and  was  in  fact  a  good  type  of  one  of  Nature's  noblemen. 

i'EEDEEiciv  E.  Smith  was  born  at  Amherst,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts, 
November  15,  1822,  and  removed  with  his  parents  at  an  early  age  to  Marion,  New 
York,  where  he  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Marion  Collegiate  Institute.  In 
July,  1844,  he  graduated  from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York.  During 
the  ensuing  year  he  was  principal  of  Wolcott  Academy,  Wolcott,,  New  York,  and 
afterward  the  academy  at  Clyde.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law  with  Hon. 
Chauncey  F.  Clark,  of  Wolcott.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Tioga  and  completed  his 
studies  under  Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey,  of  that  place.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Tioga  county  bar  in  1849,  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  in  1853,  and  to  the 
United  States  courts  in  1865.  In  1849  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  Hon. 
Charles  H.  Seymour,  of  Tioga,  which  continued  until  1853.  He  was  married,  June 
14,  1853,  to  Stella  F.  Bigelow,  of  Tioga,  youngest  daughter  of  Judge  Levi  Bigelow. 
In  1856  he  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Fremont  ticket,  and  in  1860  was 
an  elector  on  the  Lincoln  ticket.  He  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Union 
cause,  and  an  earnest  friend  of  the  soldier  during  the  Civil  War.  In  1865  he  was 
appointed  a  United  States  commissioner,  holding  that  office  until  his  death.  In 
1867  he  was  appointed  United  States  register  in  bankruptcy  for  the  Eighteenth 
(now  the  Sixteenth)  district,  serving  until  the  repeal  of  the"law.  In  June,  1879, 
he  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  banking  house  of  Pomeroy  Brothers  &  F.  e'. 
Smith,  at  Blossburg,  with  which  he  was  connected  until  his  death,  at  his  home  in 
Tioga,  October  8,  1889.  He  was  prominent  as  a  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow,  and 
was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York.  Mr.  Smith 
was  an  able  and  successful  lawyer,  and  had  a  well-deserved  reputation  for  upright- 
ness and  integrity. 

Thomas  Allen  was  born  in  Kennebunk,  York  county,  Maine,  December  11, 
•  1817,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town.  In  1841  he  came 
CO  Tioga  coimty  and  located  at  Elkland,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  saddle  and 
harness  busmess  for  seven  years.  He  then  studied  law  under  Hon  John  C  Knox 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September,  1851.  He  opened  an  office  in  Wellsboro 
with  A.  P.  Cone,  and  practiced  his  profession  until  January,  1865,  when  he  entered 


THE    BENCH    AKD    BAB.  163 


the  county  commiBsioners'  office  as  clerk  and  served  in  that  capacity  ten  years.     In 
,  18"(4  he  was  elected  county  treasurer  and  served  one  term,  after  which  he  resumed 
his  law  practice,  continuing  until  1892,  when  he  retired  on  account  of  ill  health,  but 
is  still  a  resident  of  W'ellsboro. 

Hon.  Butlek  B.  Strang  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  and  brilliant  mem- 
bers of  the  Tioga  bar.  i>om  in  Greenwood,  Steuben  county,  Xew  York,  March  16, 
1829,  the  son  of  a  Methodist  minister,  he  came  with  his  father  to  Westfield,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1840,  where  he  was  reared  to  manhood.  He  studied  law  with 
A.  J.  Monroe,  of  Knoxville,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802.  Four  years  later 
he  was  elected  district  attorney,  in  which  office  he  displayed  thii?o  legal  talents 
which  in  later  years  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  his  profession.  Hf  >on-ed  in  the 
legislature  in  1861-62,  and  from  1808  to  ISTl.  He  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
general  committee  t\\(j  sessions,  and  of  the  ways  and  means  one  ^I'^slon,  and  was 
speaker  of  the  House  in  1870.  Ho  served  in  the  Senate  from  is:.!  to  is'ai.  During 
that  period  he  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  general  committee  two  sessions,  chair- 
man of  the  finance  committee  two  ses-sions,  and  speaker  nf  the  Smate  in  l.sT  1,  the 
last  regular  speaker  of  that  body  under  the  old  constitution.  Mr.  Strang  was  a 
member  of  the  first  committee  which  visited  Washington,  in  conjunction  with  the 
committee  of  council  from  I'liiliKklphiii,  to  initiute  the  Centennial  Exhibition  and 
bring  it  to  the  attention  of  Congress.  He  was  jiImi  chairman  of  the  legislative 
centennial  committee  appointed  to  assi.^^t  in  tlie  erection  and  care  of  the  I'enn.fylvania 
buildings,  but  resigned  the  position  to  Senator  .lone.s,  of  Piiiladclphia.  .V.i  chairman 
of  tlie  tommission  appointed  by  (lovernor  Hartranft  to  devi.^e  a  eodc  for  the  govern- 
ment of  cities,  he  made  an  elaborate  report,  accompanieii  hy  a  bill,  but  it  was  mver 
adopted  in  full.  After-  leaving  the  scenes  of  his  greatest  triumph.-*  at  Ilarrisbur;;, 
Senator  Strang  was  appointed  United  States  marshal  for  the  Territoryof  Dakota,  but 
after  a  short  term  of  service,  inqiaired  health  compelled  him  to  resign  the  office  in 
1882.  Returning  to  his  home  in  Westtield,  he  retired  from  aetive  polities  and 
devoted  his  attention  to  professional  work  and  the  gratification  of  his  highly  culti- 
vated literary  tastes. 

During  his  public  lift'  of  nenrly  twenty  years,  few  men  in  the  Commonwealth 
exerted  a  greater  influence  or  eominanded  a  higher  regard  in  his  own  party  and 
respect  from  the  leading  men  anionj;  the  opposition  than  Rntler  B.  Strang.  En- 
dowed with  a  clear  intellect  and  a  dignified  presence,  jiossessini:  a  wide  knowledge  of 
parliamentary  law  and  n.sngos,  and  being  an  able  and  effective  debater,  he  was  the 
recognized  Republican  leader  of  the  House  and  Senate.  SduMilcd  in  the  adversi- 
ties of  pioneer  life,  he  knew  the  wants  of  liis  constitnents,  and  he  did  not  he-itate 
to  battle  for  them.  Few  men  could  express  their  views  more  lucidly,  and  few  were 
gifted  with  the  power  of  making  a  more  incisive  or  convincing  argument.  He  was 
for  many  years  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Tioga  bar  and  was  counsel  in 
many  important  suits.  Owing  to  his  life  of  great  activity  and  the  mental  strain 
to  which  he  was  constantly  subjected,  his  health,  never  the  best,  broke  down  com- 
pletely, his  mind  gave  way,  and  on  the  morning  of  ^fay  10,  ISSt,  while  laboring 
under  great  mental  aberration,  he  placed  the  muzzle  of  a  revolver  to  his  right  temple, 
pulled  the  trigger,  and  all  was  over  in  an  instant!  His  death  caused  a  profound 
senHiilion,  and  there  was  sincere  mourning  among  the  people  of  the  count}',  a."  he 


164  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

was  one  of  the  brightest,  most  aggressive  and  brilliant  of  the  many  adopted  sons  of 
Tioga. 

Chahles  0.  Bowman  was  bom  in  Westfield,  March  6,  1825,  and  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary.  He  read  law  imder 
Hon.  Eobert.  G.  White,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  September  8, 
1852.  After  his  admission  he  located  in  Knoxville.  In  1862  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  legislature.  He  removed  to  Corry  in  1865,  and  in  1869  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  from  Erie  county,  and  in  1872  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention.   He  is  now  a  member  of  the  bar  of  Erie  county. 

CoL.  EoBEET  T.  Wood  was  bom  in  Laurence  township,  Otsego  county.  New 
York,  February  2,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of  John  T.  Wood.  He  was  educated  at  Mill- 
ville  Academy,  Orleans  county,  and  Wilson  College,  Niagara  county.  New  York. 
In  1850  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  James  Lowrey,  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1869.  He  located  at  Elkland,  where,  with  the  exception  of  six  years  spent 
in  what  is  now  South  Dakota,  and  the  time  he  was  in  the  army,  he  has  continued  to 
practice  his  profession  since  his  admission  to  the  bar.  In  August,  1861,  he  raised 
Company  I,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  went  to  the  front  as  captain  of  his 
company.  On  October  4,  1862,  he  resigned  his  commission,  by  reason  of  disability. 
But  not  contented  to  remain  idle  while  the  nation's  life  was  in  danger,  he  re-enlisted, 
July  6, 1864,  raised  Company  H,Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  again  went  to  the  front  as  captain  of  that  company.  On  March  25,  1865,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  June  7,  1865,  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg,  April  2, 
1865.  For  six  years  he  was  district  attorney  of  Bon  Homme  county,  in  what  is  now 
South  Dakota.  On  December  10,  1851,  he  married  Mary  E.  Culver,  a  daughter  of 
Leander  and  Dolly  (Bottum)  Culver,  of  Elkland,  and  has  two  children,  Leander  and 
Jennie.  Colonel  Wood  is  a  staunch  Eepublican,  was  clerk  of  the  House  of  Kepresen- 
tatives  in  1869,  1870  and  1871,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  success 
of  his  party.  From  1878  to  1880  he  edited  the  Elkland  Journal,  conducting  it  as  a 
Eepublican  paper.  He  has  been  commander  of  J.  Edgar  Parkhurst  Post,  No.  581, 
0.  A.  E.,  of  Elkland,  five  successive  terms,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and 
the  I.  0.  0.  F.    In  religious  faith  he  adheres  to  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Augustus  Steeeteb  was  born  December  12, 1823,  in  the  township  of  Shippen, 
on  Pine  creek.  He  received  an  academical  education,  studied  law  with  A.  J.  Monroe, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  December,  1854.  He  was  a  fellow-student  with  Butler 
B.  Strang,  but  unlike  him,  never  went  into  politics  and  never  held  any  official  posi- 
tion. His  first  case  in  court  was  in  1855,  when  he  and  Strang  defended  a  man  charged 
with  arson,  who  was  acquitted.  Singular  to  relate  after  an  active  service  of  twenty- 
seven  years,  Mr.  Streeter's  last  case  was  that  of  the  same  man  charged  with  killing 
his  son.  He  was  indicted  for  murder,  but  was  acquitted  and  discharged.  Mr.  Streeter 
died  in  the  spring  of  1883,  aged  sixty  years. 

Henet  Allen  was  bom  in  Smithfield,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
,  10, 1823,  and  was  the  third  son  of  Ezra  Allen,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania  from  Hali- 
fax, Vermont,  in  1819.    He  was  of  the  sixth  generation  from  James  and  Anna  Allen, 
who  came  probably  from  Scotland,  and  settled  in  Dedham,  now  Medfield,  Massachu- 


THE    BENCH    AXD    BAR.  165 


setts,  in  1639,  the  line  of  descent  being  as  follows:  Joseph,  youngest  son  of  James 
and  Anna  Allen;  Xehemiah,  youngest  son  of  Joseph;  David,  sixth  son  of  Xehemiah; 
David,  Jr.,  first  son  of  David;  Ezra,  second  son  of  David,  Jr.,  and  Henrj-,  third  son  of 
Ezra.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  studied  law  in  Cherry,  Luzerne  county,  under  Judge 
Dietrick,  and  in  Smithfield,  Bradford  county,  under  Judge  Bullock,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bradford  county  bar  in  1854.  He  soon  after  came  to  Mansfield,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  filled  the  office  of 
district  attorney  from  December,  1859,  to  December,  1862.  In  March,  1860,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  IsTO  to  the 
United  States  district  court.  He  was  a  law  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  in- 
ternal revenue  department  at  Washington,  D.  C,  from  S^'ptt-mber,  18G-1,  to 
October,  1865,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health.  In  1869  he  was  ap- 
pointed notary  public  and  held  the  office  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  On  Octo- 
ber 25,  1846,  Mr.  Allen  married  Elizabeth  Fralic,  a  daujiliter  of  Benjamin  Fralic,  of 
Richmond  township.  She  died  January  9,  1862.  He  was  again  married  March  'i."), 
1863,  to  Jean  M.  Butts,  a  daughter  of  Lorin  and  Harriet  IJuitN  of  Mansfield.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  Canterbury,  Connecticut,  and  canif  to  Mansfield  in  1832. 
Mrs.  Allen  became  the  mother  of  one  daughter,  Fredrika  Brumer,  now  the  wife  of 
George  A.  Clark,  of  Mansfiold.  Mr.  Allen  died  January  4,  1HS8,  aged  .sixty-four 
years,  and  his  wife,  May  12,  lS!)(i,  ajri'd  sovonty-two  years.  In  politics,  he  was  a 
Republican,  and  in  religion  a  member  of  tliu  Baptist  cliurch.  He  was  also  comirrted 
with  the  Masonic  order,  in  which  he  was  a  Kni-lit  Templar.  Mr.  Allen  wa.s  zealous, 
painstaking,  industrious  and  i)ereeverin^'  in  l.ehalf  of  his  clients,  and  oceupied  a 
prominent  place  in  his  profession.  He  was  the  first  b^^•.-e^s  of  Mansfield,  was  at 
different  times  a  member  of  the  school  l)oai(l,  and  was  prominently  identili.d  with 

the  borough's  history. 

SAMnci,  V.  KiHKKNDALL  wns  born  in  Barton,  Tio^'a  eounty,  Xew  York.  Mareh 
29,  1S34,  a  son  of  Henry  P.  Kirkendall,  and  was  ei^'lit  years  old  when  his  parente 
came  to  Lawrenoeville,  Pennsylvania.  He  attended  the  common  schools  in  the  win- 
ter, and  worked  at  farming  and  lumbering  in  the  summer,  until  he  wa.s  sixteen 
years  old.  He  then  went  to  a  private  school  for  about  a  year,  and  finally  entered  the 
Lawrenceville  Academy,  whieh  he  attended  about  two  years.  When  only  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  received  a  certificate  authorizing  him  to  teach  in  the  common  schools, 
and  he  taught  until  1857.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Kas.son  Park- 
hurst,  of  Lawreiu  eville,  and  wns  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  l.s.-,9.  In 
1860  he  located  at  Millerton,  where  he  followed  teaehing  for  thirteen  years,  and 
then  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  to  which  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention^ 
Mr.  Kirkendall  married  Jerusha  TiUingl.ast,  a  daughter  of  Charies  TiUinghast,  of 
Jackson  townshi]..  Tioga  county,  whose  father  was  a  captain  in  the  Continental 
army,  and  whose  grandfather  was  (icn.  John  LamU.  of  Revolutionary  fame.  Mrs. 
Kirkendall  died  October  3,  1895.  She  was  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Arthur, 
Ella  Mav.  Pratt  and  Franz  Joseph.  Of  these,  Pratt,  now  a  student  at  Man.field  Mate 
NormalSehool,  is  the  only  survivor.  In  politics.  :Mr.  Kirkendall  is  an  ardent  De.nn- 
crat,  and  has  been  the  nominee  of  his  party  on  several  occasions  for  important  oib. ,  s, 
among  them  that  of  president  judge.    He  is  one  of  the  oM.st  members  nf  the  Tioca 


166  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

coimty  bar,  and  has  also  been  admitted  to  the  United  States  district  and  eireuit 
courts  for  the  Eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania. 

Wallace  Pulaski  Eyon,  son  of  Judge  John  Eyon,  was  born  in  Elkland,  July 
18, 1836, and  was  educated  in  the  Lawrenceyille  Academy,  Lawrenceville;  Lima  Col- 
lege, New  York,  and  Dickinson  Seminary,  Williamsport.  He  studied  under  the  pri- 
vate tutorship  of  Eev.  Sidney  Mills.  He  read  law  with  his  brother,  Hon.  John  W. 
Eyon,  now  of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Tioga  county  bar 
in  1861.  He  then  clerked  for  his  brother,  John  W.,  who  was  paymaster  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Eeserve  Corps,  and  in  the  spring  of  1863  located  at  Tamaqua,  Pennsylvania, 
and  practiced  one  year.  He  next  removed  to  Pottsville  and  practiced  with  his 
brother,  John  "W.,  until  1879.  From  1869  to  1872  he  was  cashier  of  the  Pennsylvania 
National  Bank,  of  Pottsville,  and  in  1873  president  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange  Bank 
of  the  same  place.  From  1879  to  1882  he  was  connected  with  the  coal  and  iron  busi- 
ness in  Philadelphia.  In  the  latter  year  he  returned  to  the  old  homestead  in  Law- 
renceville,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  the  practice  of  law. 

Geobge  W.  Eyon,  a  well-known  lawyer  and  banker  of  Shamokin,  was  born  in 
Elkland,  Tioga  county,  April  30,  1839,  a  son  of  George  L.  Eyon,  now  a  resident  of 
Lawrence  township.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  his  uncle.  Judge  James  Eyon,  then 
practicing  at  Tamaqua,  Schuylkill  county,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  county 
September  10,  1861,  and  soon  after  opened  an  office  at  Lawrenceville.  In  1869  he 
located  in  Shamokin,  where  he  has  since  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profes- 
sion and  won  prominence  at  the  bar  of  Northumberland  county. 

Hon.  Jeeome  B.  Niles  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  best-lcnown  members  of  the 
Tioga  bar.  He  was  born  at  Niles  Valley,  Tioga  county,  September  25, 1834,  and  is  the 
only  child  of  Aaron  Niles  by  his  marriage  to  Mrs.  Betsey  Kilbourne,  widow  of  John 
Kilbourne  and  daughter  of  Eufus  Butler.  His  youth  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm 
at  Niles  Valley,  and  he  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  neighborhood  until  the 
fall  of  1856,  when  he  entered  Union  Academy,  at  Knoxville,  where  he  remained  a 
year.  In  the  fall  of  1858  and  1859  he  taught  the  district  school  at  Wellsboro.  He 
finished  reading  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  the  September  term  of  1861.  After  filling  several  minor  offices  he  was, 
at  the  session  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  of  1862,  appointed  message  clerk  to  the 
House.  This  was  the  beginning  of  his  political  career.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he 
was  appointed  mercantile  appraiser  of  Tioga  county,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  district  attorney  and  was  re-elected  in  1865.  He  filled  the  office  very 
acceptably  for  six  years.  In  1864  he  was  again  message  clerk  of  the  lower  house  of 
the  legislature.  In  the  meantime  he  had  taken  \ip  his  residence  permanently  in 
Wellsboro  and  entered  into  a  law  partnership  with  Stephen  F.  Wilson,  which  relation 
continued  until  the  latter  went  upon  the  bench.  In  1868  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  legislature  and  re-elected  in  1869  without  opposition.  At  this  time  Tioga  county 
was  only  entitled  to  one  member  in  the  House,  and  as  much  important  legislation  was 
demanded  a  great  deal  of  work  necessarily  devolved  on  him.  It  was  during  these 
sessions  that  a  strenuous  effort  was  made  to  dismember  Tioga  by  taking  away  a  portion 
of  her  territory  to  assist  in  forming  a  new  county  to  be  called  Minnequa.  Mr.  Niles 
took  an  active  part  against  the  movement  and  contributed  largely  to  its  defeat.  The 
act  incorporating  the  Jersey  Shore,  Pine  Creek  and  Buffalo  Eailroad  Company  was 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  167 


passed  durifig  the  session  of  1870,  and  received  his  ardent  support  upon  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  his  constituents.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  from  the  district  composed  of  Cameron,  McKean,  Tioga  and 
Potter  coimties.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  proceedings  of  that  body,  and  was 
the  author  of  the  article  relating  to  the  formation  of  new  counties.  In  1S80  he  was 
again  elected  a  member  of  the  House,  and  in  the  ensuing  session  took  a  prominent 
position  as  a  legislator.  He  developed  great  aptitude  for  leadership  and  took  a  con- 
spicuous stand  in  the  movement  which  culminated  in  the  election  of  Hon.  John  1. 
Mitchell,  of  Tioga  county,  as  United  States  Senator,  ilr.  Xiles  was  re-elected  a 
member  of  the  House  in  1883,  and  in  view  of  the  creditable  reputation  he  had  made 
during  his  several  terms  in  that  body,  he  became  the  nominee  of  the  Eepublican 
caucus  for  speaker.  As,  however,  the  Democrats  had  a  majority,  he  was  defeated 
for  election.  In  1883  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  auditor  f,'eneral  of 
Pennsylvania  and  was  elected.  His  term  began  on  the  first  ilonday  of  May,  issi, 
and  his  three  years'  administration  of  the  ofBce  was  marked  by  no  deviation  from 
the  excellent  record  he  had  made  in  the  public  positions  he  had  previously  filled. 
The  Philadelphia  Times,  in  an  article  on  "Lawyers  of  the  State."  published  February 
16, 1896,  refers  to  General  Niles'  term  as  auditor  general  in  the  following'  language: 

Upon  the  proper  administration  of  the  office  the  revenues  of  the  State  larg^ely  de- 
pended, and  no  incumbent  of  the  position  ever  made  a  naore  earnest  or  more  suc- 
cessful  effort  to  give  the  State  the  utmost  revenue  possible  imder  the  laws.  The  law  of 
1885,  making  realized  capital  pay  its  fair  share  of  the  taxes,  was  in  large  part  framed 
in  his  office.  During  his  term  the  funds  for  ordinary  cxih'iisi-s  and  for  redeeming  two 
and  a  half  millions  of  the  funded  debt  and  the  purchase  of  three  and  a  half  millions  of 
government  4s  for  the  sinking  fund  were  provided.  The  annual  reports  of  Auditor 
General  Niles  were  model  state  papers,  and  his  last  annual  report  contains  a  statement 
covering  banl<8  and  banking  which  attracted  much  attention  and  excited  comment  on  its 
publieation.  During  his  term  he  suggested  many  reforms,  recommended  the  repeal  of 
defective  laws  and,  as  before  stated,  was  largely  instrumental  in  the  framing  of  the 
law  of  IBS."),  by  which  the  taxable  basis  of  money  capital  was  augmented  one  hundred  and 
fifty  per  cent. 

In  1890  he  received  nearly  the  entire  vote  of  Tioga  county  for  the  Republican 
congiDssional  nomination  in  the  Sixteenth  district,  but  the  nomination  was  given 
to  Clinton  county.  In  181)2  this  county  again  sent  him  to  the  legislature,  and  at 
the  session  of  1893  he  introduced  the  bill  to  equalize  taxation  and  was  prominent 
in  putting  it  in  proper  shape  and  advoeatiiip  its  passage.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1894  and  was  an  active  participant  in  tlie  debates  of  the  long  session  of  189'i,  and 
strongly  advocated  the  jiassaj,^'  of  the  apportionment  bills.  In  addition  to  his  long 
legislative  career,  (Jcneral  Xiles  has  devoted  iinremittini:  attention  to  his  large  legal 
practice.  For  many  years  he  was  counsel  for  the  county  commissioners.  He  also 
represents  large  real  estate  interests,  prominent  among  them  being  the  Dent  and 
Bingham  estates,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Joint  Land  and  Lumber  Company.  He  has 
a  well  fitted  office  in  WcUsboro,  which  is  filled  with  a  larj^e  and  valuable  library. 

General  Xik's  was  married  .luly  18,  1858,  to  Phoebe  Ann  Toles,  a  daugliter  of 
Ransler  Toles,  and  lias  three  children:  Aaron  R.,  Alfred  J.,  and  Anna.  The 
family  are  I'lesliyterians.  and  ^Ir.  Xiles  is  a  K.  T.  in  the  Masonic  order,  and  also  a 
iiienibcr  of  the  I.  0.  0.  V. 


168  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Hon.  Moktimee  P.  Elliott,  eldest  son  of  Col.  N.  A.  Elliott,  of  Mansfield,  was 
born  at  Cherry  Flats,  Tioga  county,  September  24,  1840,  and  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  Alfred  University,  in  Allegany  county,  N"ew  York.  On  his 
return  from  school  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  Hon.  James  Lowrey 
and  Hon.  Stephen  P.  Wilson,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  June  3, 
1862.  At  the  time  of  his  admission  the  Tioga  bar  possessed  a  strong  array  of 
able  lawyers,  but  not  in  the  least  daunted  he  opened  an  office  and  entered  the  legal 
arena.  His  close  application  to  business  and  his  power  as  an  advocate  before  a  jury 
soon  won  for  him  a  wide  reputation  and  a  large  practice.  Such  a  favorable  im- 
pression did  he  make  upon  the  people  of  the  county,  that  he  was  selected  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  president  judge  in  1871,  and  ran  against  Hon.  Henry  W. 
"Williams.  Although  the  Eepublican  majority  was  large,  he  reduced  it  several 
thousand  votes  and  gave  Judge  Williams  a  close  race  for  the  office.  In  1873  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  and  served  with  credit  in  that 
distinguished  body.  At  the  Democratic  State  Convention  of  1883  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  congressman-at-large,  much  against  his  will,  and  even  after  his  name  had 
been  withdrawn  by  his  order;  but  the  times  seemed  to  require  his  acceptance  and  he 
yielded  to  the  popular  demand  of  his  party.  He  made  the  race  and  was  elected,  and 
served  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  the  State  at 
large.  In  1890  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  Congress,  to  represent  the  Six- 
teenth district,  and,  though  the  district  was  largely  Republican,  he  came  within 
fifty-one  votes  of  defeating  A.  C.  Hopkins,  his  Republican  opponent.  Soon  after 
this  he  accepted  a  position  as  attorney  for  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  since  which 
time  his  headquarters  have  been  at  Oil  City,  Pennsylvania,  though  he  also  spends 
a  portion  of  his  time  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Elliott  possessed  marked  natural  ability  for  the  profession  of  the  law,  which 
has  been  highly  trained  and  developed  by  many  years  of  rigid  application  and  success- 
ful practice.  He  has  pursued  its  study  with  devotion  and  has  attained  a  prominent 
place  in  the  legal  arena  of  his  native  State.  While  a  resident  of  Wellsboro  his 
practice  extended  into  many  of  the  adjoining  counties,  where  his  great  strength  as 
an  advocate,  both  in  criminal  and  civil  cases,  was  fully  recognized  by  his  con- 
temporaries. To  the  logical  faculty,  he  adds  the  persuasive,  and  is  equally  strong 
at  the  counsel  table  and  in  the  trial  room.  His  arguments  are  terse  and  epigramatic, 
or  discursive,  as  the  cause  and  occasion  may  seem  to  require,  and  whether  addressed  to 
the  court  or  jury,  are  strong,  clear  and  convincing.  As  a  lawyer,  his  strongest  traits 
of  character  are  his  honesty,  persistent  industry  and  capacity  for  work;  his  sound 
knowledge  of  the  law;  his  good  judgment  of  men  and  facts;  his  great  tact  and 
power  as  an  advocate  before  the  jury,  and  his  logical  presentation  of  a  legal  proposi- 
tion to  the  court.  A  client  who  secures  the  services  of  Mr.  Elliott  never  gets  a 
half-hearted  support.  When  he  enters  into  a  legal  contest  all  his  energies  are  given 
to  the  cause  of  his  client,  and  when  he  wins  a  victory  he  never  clamors  for  extreme 
measures  against  the  defeated  side.  He  is  considered  by  his  old  associates  at  the 
bar  of  Tioga  county  as  one  of  the  best  all-round  lawyers  in  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Elliott  married  Miss  Sarah  J.  Merrick,  a  daughter  of  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  and 
sister  of  Major  George  W.  Merrick,  of  Wellsboro.  Though  naturally  proud  of  the 
high  place  he  has  attained  and  the  success  he  has  won  in  his  chosen  profession,  he 


Eng'o-^o  ^y^  RI».o«  K  Sefw  ^fytut. 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  169 


is  nevertheless  the  same  plain,  unpretentious  and  affable  gentleman  as  before.  Mr. 
Elliott  is  one  of  the  most  popular  citizens  of  his  native  county,  and  his  success  and 
eminence  as  a  lawyer  are  referred  to  with  pride  by  the  companions  of  his  boyhood 
days. 

NoEMAN  H.  Kyax,  spelled  by  the  other  members  of  the  family  "Ryon,"  was 
born  in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  December  1,  1839,  a  son  of  Samuel  Ryon, 
a  sketch  of  whom  appears  in  this  work.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  at  Lawrenceville  Academy,  subsequently  took  a  collegiate  preparatory  course  at 
Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Lima,  New  York,  and  spent  three  years  at  Genesee 
College,  where  he  won  the  prize  for  the  best  declamation.  In  1860  he  graduated 
from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  full  classical  course,  which  com- 
pleted his  education.  Returning  to  Tioga  county  he  began  the  study  of  law 
with  Lowrey  &  Wilson,  of  Wellsboro,  later  .studied  with  Hon.  John 
W.  Guernsey,  of  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  4,  1863.  In 
December,  1864,  he  located  in  practice  at  Amboy,  Lee  county.  Illinois,  where  he 
continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  until  the  sprinjr  of  1878.  During 
this  period  he  filled  the  offices  of  city  attorney  and  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  city 
court  of  Amboy.  From  1870  to  1872  he  served  in  the  Illinois  legislature  from  the 
Eighty-fifth  district,  the  first  after  the  adoption  of  the  new  eonstitution,  which 
codified  and  remodeled  the  laws  of  the  State.  In  1878  he  was  |iresi(iential  elector, 
on  the  Republican  ticket,  of  the  Fourtli  congressional  district  of  Illinois,  and 
stumped  the  district  for  his  party.  For  eiplit  years  he  reprcsenteij  that  district  in 
the  State  Republican  committee.  In  the  sjirin^'  of  1H78  he  removed  to  Bloomington, 
Illinois,  and  practiced  there  until  the  spring:  of  IKS'.',  lifrliting  his  way  to  a  front 
place  at  the  bar.  The  malarial  climate  of  Illinois  seriously  affected  his  health  and 
he  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Lawrenceville,  where  he  remained  a  few  years  re- 
cuperating his  shattered  constilntion.  During  this  time  he  familiarized  himself 
with  the  laws  and  practice  of  Pennsylvania  and  then  located  in  Wellsboro,  where 
he  has  since  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice.  Mr.  Ryan  was  married  .\ugust  16,  1S65, 
to  Elizabeth  Mclntyrc,  of  Elbridge,  New  York,  and  has  two  children,  Stella  M.  and 
Frank  W. 

Jefferson  Hahhison,  a  native  of  Wellsboro,  was  bom  July  24,  1838.  His 
father,  William  Harrison,  came  from  New  Jersey  to  Wellsboro  in  1833.  Mr.  Har- 
rison received  his  education  in  the  common  sehools  and  the  "Old  Academy,"  so 
fondly  remembered  by  the  older  inhabitants  of  the  borough.  He  read  law  under 
the  direction  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  commencing  in  18i;2,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  18(!4.  He  at  once  entered  on  his  profession,  which  he  has  followed  up 
to  the  i)resent  time.  He  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Wellsboro  Water  Company 
and  takes  a  deej)  interest  in  that  important  publie  improvement.  He  has  also  been 
connected  with  the  Pine  Creek  Railway  t'omimny  for  many  years,  and  in  January, 
1897.  succeeded  the  late  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood  as  president  of  that  company. 

Ci.ahk  W.  Re.vch  was  born  in  Dryden,  New  York,  June  29,  1S29.  He  studied 
law  under  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1865.  He  located 
at  Westfield.  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession. 

Frank  W.  Clark  was  bom  in  Richmond  townshii>.  Tioga  county,  .Vupust  21, 
1839,  a  .son  of  Elijah  Pincheon  and    Fanny  (lltzgeraUl)  CTark.  and   grandson   of 


170  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTY. 


Elijah  and  Lydia  (Mixter)  Clark.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  township,  and  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Mansfield,  Wellsboro  High  School,  and 
Mansfield  Classical  Seminary.  He  spent  the  summer  of  1863  in  the  west  with  his 
invalid  brother,  Daniel  E.,  remaining  with  him  until  his  death.  In  the  early  part 
of  1864  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  of  Wellsboro, 
with  whom  he  remained  two  years.  Upon  his  admission  to  the  bar,  in  1866,  he 
located  in  Mansfield,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  practiced  his  profession.  Mr. 
Clark  was  married  September  9,  1875,  to  Lelia  S.  Cole,  a  daughter  of  Alston  J.  and 
Mary  B.  (Adams)  Cole,  of  Mansfield,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Fanny 
and  Julia  Genevieve.  In  politics,  Mr.  Clark  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  quite  active 
in  promoting  the  interests  of  his  party.  He  has  served  as  chairman  and  secretary 
of  the  Democratic  county  committee  for  several  years,  and  has  been  the  nominee  of 
his  party  for  the  legislature,  and  twice  for  district  attorney.  He  has  filled  various 
municipal  offices,  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School,  and  for  the  past 
three  years  has  been  borough  attorney  and  secretary  of  the  council.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Mansfield  Hook  and  Ladder  Company.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presby- 
terian. Mr.  Clark  is  not  only  a  prominent  and  successful  lawyer,  but  one  of  the 
progressive  and  public-spirited  citizens  of  Mansfield. 

John  Willaed  Adams,  only  living  child  of  William  and  Euth  Ann  Adams, 
and  grandson  of  Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  was  born  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county, 
February  8,  1843,  and  was  about  tv/elve  years  old  when  his  parents  removed  to 
Mansfield.  He  received  a  good  education,  studied  law  with  his  father  and  the  late 
Henry  Allen,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  JSTovember,  1867.  Mr.  Adams  was 
married  April  37,  1868,  to  Marian  A.  Vincent,  who  has  borne  him  three  children, 
viz:  Euth  0.,  Edna  Lou,  and  Edith,  who  died  in  infancy.  Euth  graduated  at  the 
State  Normal  School  in  the  class  of  1889,  and  Edna  in  that  of  1893.  Euth  married 
Arthur  G.  Brown,  of  Elmira,  New  York,  and  has  one  son,  John  Willard  Adams,  born 
January  6, 1893.  In  politics  Mr.  Adams  is  a  Eepublican,  and  takes  an  active  interest 
in  public  affairs.  He  is  a  stockholder  in,  and  has  been  a  trustee  of,  the  State  Normal 
School  and  has  always  been  a  friend  of  education.  During  the  past  twenty-nine 
years  he  has  built  up  a  lucrative  practice,  has  been  quite  successful  in  his  profession, 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  bar  of  his  native  county. 

Waltee  Sheewood  was  born  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  No- 
vember 31,  1843,  and  is  the  only  child  of  the  late  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  for  many 
years  one  of  the  best  known  citizens  of  Tioga  county.  His  parents  removed  to 
Wellsboro  when  Walter  was  three  years  old,  where  he  received  a  common  school  and 
academical  education.  He  taught  the  primary  department  in  the  Wellsboro 
Academy  one  year,  and  was  then  made  principal  of  the  Wellsboro  High  School,  which 
position  he  filled  one  year.  During  this  time  he  studied  law  in  his  father's  office, 
and  at  the  end  of  his  first  year  as  principal  of  the  High  School  he  gave  up  that  position 
and  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  the  study  of  the  legal  profession.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1867,  acted  as  clerk  for  his  father  for  two  years  and  was  then 
taken  into  partnership,  the  firm  being  kno\vn  as  Henry  Sherwood  &  Son.  They  did  a 
very  large  business  up  to  the  fall  of  1888,  when  his  father  retired  from  the  active 
duties  of  the  profession  and  the  present  firm  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett  was  then  formed. 
Mr.  Sherwood  was  married  March  33,  1870,  to  Juliet  E.  Nichols,  a  daughter  of 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  1^7  J 


Judge  L<-\  i  I.  and  Sarah  J.  (Brown)  Nichols,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  three 
children,  viz:  Harry  X.,  a  member  of  the  bar;  Anna  J.,  and  AUen.  The  family  are 
members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  Air.  Sherwood  is  connected  with 
the  I.  0.  0.  b'.  PoUtically,  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and  has  given  his 
earnest  support  to  the  measures  and  principles  of  that  party.  He  has  served  in  the 
borough  council  sixteen  years,  and  as  burgess  four  years.  He  is  also  a  director  in 
the  Pine  Creek  Itailway  Company.  Mr.  Sherwood  is  one  of  the  best  informed  men 
in  Tioga  county  on  all  matters  pertaioing  to  its  history.  He  possesses  a  remarkable 
memory,  and  has  freely  given  much  valuable  information  in  the  preparation  of  this 
work.  Kind,  courteous  and  obliging  at  all  times,  he  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  the 
best  people  of  the  community. 

Hon.  Chahles  Tubus  was  bom  in  Elkland  township  (now  Osceola),  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  July  11,  1843,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Anna  (Lika~un) 
Tubbs.  lie  early  evinced  a  taste  for  learning,  which  was  gratified  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  district.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  iiu  was  sent  to  L''nion  Acinkiiis,  then 
tmder  the  principalship  of  S.  B.  Price,  and  he  subsequently  studied  at  the  same 
institution  under  Prof.  A.  li.  Wightman.  Jii  1860  he  taught  school  at  Osceola, 
Union  Academy  and  Mill  Creek,  and  for  a  short  time  in  ISiJl  at  Wellsboro  Academy. 
He  then  entered  Alfred  Univcreity,  and  in  Ibij'.i  was  admitted  to  Union  Cnllo^i', 
Schenectady,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the  classical  couisf  iu  July,  18(j4.  In 
lMi>  he  entered  the  law  department  of  Michigan  University,  Ann  Harbor,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  ilareh,  18G;.  Keturning  home  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Tioga  county,  and  in  connection  with  liis  other  business  affairs,  has  since  practiced 
his  profession  at  Osceola.  In  Jlarcli,  isiu;,  he. was  admitted  to  the  United  States 
district  court. 

Having  a  taste  for  politics,  Mr.  Tubbs  served  as  transcribing  clerk  of  the  House 
of  Kepreseiilalivt'S,  Harrisburg,  during  tbe  session  of  isilli,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  caucuses,  conventions  and  elections  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1876  and  Ih'h 
he  was  presiiliiiff  ollicer  of  the  l\e.publican  county  convention,  and  in  187.S  and  1880 
he  stumped  the  county  for  his  ]iart_v.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  noininatcil  without 
opposition  as  one  of  the  representatives  of  Tioga  county  in  the  legislature  and  was 
elected.  During  the  session  of  1881  he  served  upon  the  judiciarj',  elections,  federal 
relations  and  judicial  ajiportioninent  committees,  and  was  appointed  by  (iovemor 
lloyt  a  member  of  the  comiiiis>ions  on  prisons.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  House  in 
IHH^,  thus  serving  two  terms  in  that  IkhIv.  In  lsT9,  188;i  and  l.'^'.ll  he  represented 
'i'ioga  county  in  the  Republican  State  Conventions,  and  for  many  years  has  been 
a  prominent  factor  in  the  local  councils  of  his  party. 

Since  1888  ^[r.  Tubbs  has  been  a  director  of  the  Wellsborough  National  Bank; 
has  served  as  a  trustee  of  the  State  Hospital  at  Blo.^.slniri.'.  by  appointment  of  the 
povemor,  since  ISDO,  and  since  18!)'2  he  has  been  president  of  the  Cowanesque  Valley 
Ajfrieultural  Society.  Oii  October  22,  18T!i.  he  was  married  to  S\l\ina  Bacon,  a 
daugliter  of  Ard  Hoyt  and  Liicinda  (Murdock)  Bacon,  and  has  om  son,  Warren. 
In  1891  ^^^.  Tubbs  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Society  S.ns  of  the 
Revolution.  In  18!i4  he  nuide  a  tour  of  Europe  with  his  family,  and  when  Lycoming 
county  celebrated  her  centennial,  in  July,  189."),  he  was  invited  as  one  of  the  spc.ikirs 
on  that  occasion,  and  delivered  an  historical  oration  relating  to  the  northwestern  part 


172  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


of  her  original  territory.  Mr.  Tubbs  has  a  decided  taste  for  local  history  and 
genealogy,  and  has  collected  one  of  the  largest  and  most  valuable  historical  private 
libraries  in  Pennsylvania.  His  published  works  are  the  histories  of  Deerfield, 
Knoxville  and  Osceola,  in  1883;  "Osceola  in  the  War  of  the  Kebellion,"  published  in 
1885,  and  "Lycoming  Centennial,"  in  1896. 

John  C.  Hoeton  was  born  at  Spring  Mills,  Allegany  county,  New  York,  April 
1,  1843.  He  was  educated  at  Spring  Mills  Academy  in  his  native  county,  Lewis- 
ville  Academy,  Potter  county,  and  Union  Academy,  Tioga  county.  He  read  law  one 
year  with  George  W.  Eyon  at  Lawrenceville,  finished  his  studies  with  Hon.  Charles 
H.  Seymour  at  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Wellsboro  in  August,  1868. 
He  located  in  Blossburg.  He  was  a  notary  public  from  1870  to  1876,  and  served 
several  years  as  clerk  of  the  borough  council. 

David  Cameeon  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  came  to  Pennsylvania 
with  his  parents  in  1848,  when  he  was  about  ten  years  of  age.  The  family  settled  at 
Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  where  David  worked  in  the  mines  with  his  father  and  later 
in  the  Morris  Eun  mines.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  subsequently 
spent  one  year  at  Wellsboro  Academy  and  two  years  at  Mansfield  State  Normal. 
While  a  student  in  the  latter  institution  he  taught  mathematics,  and  also  taught 
the  schools  of  Morris  Eun,  Pall  Brook  and  Mitchell's  Creek,  and  was  principal  of 
the  graded  school  in  Tioga  two  years.  In  course  of  time  he  entered  the  law  office 
of  P.  E.  Smith,  at  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868.  While  attending 
school  and  reading  law  he  also  worked  in  the  mines  at  intervals,  doing  the  last  work 
in  that  line  in  1865.  In  1871  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  entering  into  partnership 
with  Hon.  John  I.  Mitchell  in  the  practice  of  law.  This  relationship  continued  until 
January  1,  1889,  when  Mr.  Mitchell  became  president  judge.  Mr.  Cameron  was 
appointed  assistant  United  States  attorney  for  the  Western  district  of  Pennsylvania, 
by  Hon.  B.  H.  Brewster,  attorney  general  of  the  United  States,  April  1,  1882,  and 
held  the  office  until  October  12, 1888.  He  was  re-appointed  September  1,  1890,  and 
served  until  October,  1893.  Mr.  Cameron  was  married  October  5,  1865,  to  Emily 
A.  Mitchell,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  K.  Mitchell,  of  Mitchell's  Creek,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Eiehard  Mitchell,  who  settled  at  that  point  in  1792.  Pour  sons  and  two 
daughters  have  blessed  this  union,  all  of  whom  are  living.  In  polities,  Mr.  Cameron 
has  always  been  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Majoe  Geoege  W.  Meeeick  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  March  27, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  and  grandson  of  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  pioneers 
of  Wellsboro.  He  spent  his  boyhood  days  in  his  native  place,  and  was  attending 
school  when  the  Civil  War  broke  out.  In  the  spring  of  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  Company  H,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Eeserve,  and  served  with  it  in  th'e  battle  of 
Drainsville,  the  Peninsular  Campaign  and  Second  Bull  Eun.  In  1862  he  was  dis- 
charged on  account  of  ill  health.  Before  he  had  fairly  recovered  he  recruited  a 
company  for  the  First  Battalion  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  six  months'  men,  was 
chosen  captain  of  the  company  and  went  to  the  front.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term  he  recruited  a  company  for  the  three  years'  service,  which  was  mustered  in  as 
Company  A,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He 
was  subsequently  commissioned  major  and  joined  the  army  at  Cold  Harbor.  Major 
Merrick  was  in  command  of  the  regiment  in  the  desperate  assault  on  Port  Hell,  at 


THE     BEXCH    AXD    BAB.  173 


Petersburg,  Virginia,  June  18,  1864,  and  received  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  right 
knee,  rendering  amputation  of  the  leg  necessary.  This  disabled  him  for  further 
military  duty  and  he  retired  from  the  service.  Eetumiug  home  he  commenced 
reading  law  with  Hon.  Henry  W.  WilliamB,  completed  his  studies  under  W.  H. 
Smith,  Esq.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February,  1869.  Major  Merrick  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  Wellsboro,  January  27,  1869,  a  few  days  before  his  admis- 
sion to  practice,  and  held  the  oilice  over  thirteen  years,  rt-j^i;.ming  June  14,  18S2, 
to  accept  the  nomination  of  the  Independent  Republicans  for  secretary  of  internal 
affairs.  He  opened  an  office  in  Wellsboro  for  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has 
since  won  a  leading  place  at  the  bar  as  an  honest,  able  and  successful  lawyer.  In 
the  famous  case  of  Charlotte  Howell,  charged  with  poisoning  Elizabeth  Knapp, 
Major  Merrick  was  the  defendant's  principal  attorney.  After  a  very  excitinj:  trial, 
lasting  twenty  days,  she  was  acquitted,  mainly  through  the  able  and  skillful  dufense 
made  for  her  by  her  counsel,  in  politics  he  has  been  an  ardent  Kepublican  siiuo 
casting  his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  18()i).  Iklievinf:  in  the  open  self-rule 
of  the  party,  he  has  taken  no  part  in  party  nianafreinent,  but  in  public  discii-sions 
of  principles  and  policies  he  haa  been  active  and  influential.  Major  Merrick  was 
married  in  November,  1868,  to  Jliss  lone  Butterworth,  a  nieee  of  Daviil  Wilraot.  ( )f 
four  children  born  to  them,  one  daughter,  lionise  VVilmot  Merrick,  survives. 

Hon.  William  A.  Stoxe,  a  son  of  Israel  Stone,  was  bom  in  lielmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  April  18,  18 Id,  and  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  in  Delmar.  In 
the  history  of  Mr.  Stone  we  have  a  strikinji  illustration  of  the  ]>ossit>ilities  of 
American  youth.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  at  the  age  of  seventeen  in 
Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  l'jf;lity-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  1865  ns  a  second  lieutenant.  He  was  ambitious  for  an  education, 
but  did  not  have  sufficient  means.  Professor  AlNm,  principal  of  the  Mansfield 
State  Normal  School,  afforded  him  tlie  opportunity,  and  he  graduated  with  liifjli 
honor  in  1868.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  principal  of  the  Wells- 
boro Academy  and  taught  that  school  two  terms,  receiving  a  salary  of  ■•.'i;ii(;,(;t>  and 
the  tuition  bills."  While  engajred  in  teaching'  he  commenced  reading  law  under 
(he  direction  of  Hon.  Stephen  I'.  Wilson  and  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Niles,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  August,  ISTO.  In  IST'.'  he  was  appointed  transcribing  clerk 
in  the  House  of  ]{e[ncsentatives,  Hanisburg.  In  1874  he  was  a  candidate  for 
district  attorney  of  Tioga  county,  and  received  3,000  votes  out  of  3,500  cast,  but 
resigned  at  the  close  of  1876  and  removed  to  Allcirheny  for  the  purpose  of  seeking 
a  broader  ))rofessional  field.  In  January,  1877,  when  he  located  in  Allegheny,  he 
was  comparatively  unknown,  hut  jjood  I'ortune  favored  him  and  it  was  not  long  until 
he  had  a  very  fair  clientafze  and  had  been  enKa'jed  in  the  trial  of  several  important 
suits.  Soon  after  this  he  was  appointed  United  States  jurj'  commissioner.  In  ISSO 
he  was  ap])()inted  liy  President  Hayes  United  States  district  attorney  for  the  Western 
District  of  Pennsylvania.  After  serving  four  years  he  was  re-appointed  by  President 
.\rthur.  During  the  gubernatorial  (ampai'rn  of  1886,  notwithstanding  President 
Cleveland's  instructions  to  office  holders,  Mr.  Stone  took  the  stump  for  (Jeneral 
Bonver  and  made  speeches  in  the  counties  bordering  on  .\llegheny.  I'or  doing  this 
the  President  removed  him.  October  17,  ISSii,  for  '•pernicious  activity."  This 
removal  attracted  national  attention  and  evoked  much  discussion,     ilr.  Smne  re- 


2^74  HISTOBY   OP   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

sumed  his  law  practice  and  gave  it  close  attention  until  June,  1890,  -when  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress  in  the  Twenty-third  district.  He  was  elected;  has  been 
re-elected  twice  in  succession,  and  is  the  present  representatiive  from  that  district. 
He  is  the  tallest  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  congressional  delegation,  standing  six 
feet  and  four  inches,  and  is  also  one  of  its  ablest  members.  His  genial  disposition  has 
won  for  him  a  host  of  warm  friends,  who  regard  him  as  one  of  the  coming  men  of 
Pennsylvania. 

James  Hitntingtok  Bosaed  was  born  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  April  31, 
1845,  and  spent  his  boyhood  days  in  his  native  place.  During  his  youth  he  was 
employed  on  the  farm  and  in  his  father's  brickyard.  He  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  the  village,  later  attended  the  Wellsboro  and  Union 
Academies,  and  graduated  from  the  Mansfield  State  Normal  School  in  1866.  He 
taught  school  a  few  years,  during  which  time  he  was  principal  of  the  Addison 
Academy,  and  also  taught  a  select  school  in  Osceola.  In  1867  he  became  a  law 
student  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Mortimer  P.  Elliott,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  August,  1870.  Entering  into  partnership  with  his 
preceptor,  he  remained  with  him  until  1875,  after  which  he  practiced  at  Wellsboro 
by  himself  for  a  few  years.  In  1879  he  removed  to  Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota, 
where  he  still  resides  and  is  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  profession.  In 
1872  Mr.  Bosard  married  Rebecca  Merrick  Eaulkner,  of  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania. 

Augustus  Redfibld  was  born  November  6, 1826,  in  the  town  of  Cato,  Cayuga 
county.  New  York,  and  was  educated  at  Moravia  in  that  State.  He  enlisted  and 
served  through  the  entire  War  of  the  Eebellion.  Locating  in  Wellsboro,  he  studied 
law  under  the  direction  of  Major  George  W.  Merrick,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
August  28,  1871.  Settling  in  Lawrenceville,  he  became  editor  of  the  Herald  of 
that  place.  He  now  resides  in  Covington.  He  has  served  several  terms  as  a  Justice 
of  the  peace. 

Chaeles  L.  Peck  was  born  in  Earmington  township,  and  received  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  and  at  Union  Academy  and  Osceola  High  School.  He 
studied  law  with  Hon.  Mortimer  P.  Elliott,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced 
at  Knoxville  from  1872  to  1876. 

James  V.  Leach,  a  member  of  the  bar,  founded  the  Westfield  Index  April  17, 
1873,  but  owing  to  poor  health  he  suspended  publication  July  8,  1874,  and  died  in 
the  early  part  of  1875. 

Hon-.  Hoeace  B.  Packee  is  a  native  of  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  the 
only  living  child  of  Dr.  Nelson  Packer.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  town  and 
obtained  his  education  in  Wellsboro  Academy  and  Alfred  University,  New  York. 
He  studied  law  with  Wilson  &  Niles,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  August  26,  1873. 
Since  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  has  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession. 
In  1876  he  was  appointed  district  attorney,  on  petition  of  every  member  of  the  bar, 
to  succeed  Hon.  William  A.  Stone,  resigned,  and  in  1877  he  was  elected  as  his  own 
successor,  filling  the  office  four  years.  From  early  manhood  Mr.  Packer  evinced  a 
deep  interest  in  politics  and  for  many  years  he  has  been  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
EepubHcan  party  in  Tioga  county.  In  the  fall  of  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  legisla- 
ture and  was  re-elected  in  1886,  serving  in  the  sessions  of  1885  and  1887.  In  1888 
he    was     elected   to    the    Senate,    from    the     Twenty-fifth     senatorial     district. 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  I7; 


composed  of  the  counties  of  Tioga,  Potter  and  McKean,  and  sensed  in  that  body 
four  years.  While  in  the  House  Mr.  Packer  was  chairman  of  the  congressional 
committee  and  is  the  author  of  the  present  apportionment  law.  He  framed  and 
introduced  the  bill,  which  subsequently  became  a  law,  providing  for  cottage  hospitals 
in  the  bituminous  coal  regions  of  the  State.  He  is  also  the  author  of  the  civil  pro- 
cedure bill,  which  became  a  law  in  1887.  During  his  terms  in  both  the  House  and 
Senate,  he  took  a  prominent  and  active  part  in  behalf  of  educational  matters.  In 
1894  he  was  the  choice  of  his  party  in  Tioga  and  Lycoming  counties  for  Congress, 
but  after  a  long  struggle  and  failure  of  a  majority  of  the  conferees  to  agree  on  a  can- 
didate, Mr.  Packer  withdrew  from  the  contest  on  behalf  of  harmony  and  the  good  of 
his  party.  In  189G  he  was  again  a  candidate  for  Congress  and  after  a  hard  fight  won 
the  nomination.  He  was  elected  by  a  plurality  of  6,391,  carrying  every  county  in 
the  district,  his  plurality  in  Tioga  being  .'J,018 — the  largest  this  county  ever  gave  for 
a  congressioiiiil  candidate.  j\Ir.  Packer  has  presided  at  two  state  conventions  and 
is  one  of  the  best  known  Republicans  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

JoHX  W'lLLJA.M  iM ATHEK  was  horn  in  luindce,  Yates  enunty.  New  York,  Xo- 
vember  5,  1847,  a  son  ol'  James  11.  and  Lydia  (Dean)  Mather,  natives  of  New  York, 
who  came  to  this  county  in  the  Jail  of  isiio  and  settled  in  l^wrcnee\  ille,  where  the 
father  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fanning  mills  for  twenty  years.  In  1880 
he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  died  in  July,  188."i.  His  widow  is  still  a  resident 
of  Wellsboro.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  the  piililic  schools  of 
Lawrenceville  and  under  Rev.  Sidney  ]\Iills,  a  private  tutor.  He  later  attended  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  i,n-a(lunted  from  tiiat  institution  in  the  class  of 
1871,  and  subsequently  taught  school  for  several  terms.  Mr.  Mather  na'l  law  with 
Elliott  &  Bosard,  of  Wellslioro,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tio^a  county  Anj^ust 
86,  1873.  In  1878  he  was  admitcd  to  [inutiee  in  the  adjciinim,'  counties,  and  in 
Jlay,  ISSI,  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  tlie  State.  ^Ir.  Mather  has  sinee  been  cnga^'ed 
in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  and  is  one  of  the  well-known  lawyers  of  Wells- 
boro. He  has  always  given  an  unwavering;  support  to  the  Republican  party,  and  in 
1883  he  was  appointed  deputy  United  States  marshal  of  tlie  Western  distriet  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  served  until  May,  1885.  In  188i'.  he  was  elected  district  attorney 
and  filled  that  office  one  term.  In  December,  18'.)v\  I'niteil  States  Attorney  (limral 
W.  W.  Miller  appointed  him  to  a  position  in  the  department  of  justice  at  Washfng- 
ton,  which  he  filled  until  the  change  of  administration.  Sinee  1878  Mr.  Mather 
has  been  secretary  of  the  Farmers'  Agricultural  Society  of  Tioga  county,  and  he  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Wellsboro  ilanufacturing  and  Building  Company.  On  October 
27,  187."i,  he  mnrricd  Mary  Houghton,  a  daughter  of  Ferris  Houghton,  whose  father 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Delmar  township.  Four  children  have  been  bom  to  this 
union:   Claude,  Ceor^'e  W..  Stella  and  James  H. 

KzR.\  r.KS'EniCT  YoiNd  was  born  in  Springfield  township,  Bradford  county. 
Peiinsylvanin.  October  21,  18  K!.  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  the  Sus- 
quehanna Collegiate  Institute,  at  Towanda.  and  the  State  Normal  School,  at  !>fans- 
tlold,  from  which  he  graduated  in  18t;8.  .-\fter  teaching  three  years  in  Bradford 
and  Juniata  counties,  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Hon.  .Tohn  T.  Mitchell,  of  Wells- 
boro, as  a  law  student,  teaching  school  in  the  meantime.      In  .\pril.  1^7 1,  he  was 


176  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA.  COUNTY. 


admitted  to  the  bar.     He  has,  however,  devoted  but  little  time  to  practice,  being 
interested  in  other  business  enterprises. 

Laueen  H.  Tuttlb  was  born  in  the  borough  of  Tioga,  March  29,  1848.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Staxkey  Seminary,  Yates  county.  New 
York.  He  studied  law  with  Frederick  E.  Smith  and  Charles  H.  Seymour,  of  Tioga, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  He  opened  an  office  in  Tioga  and  practiced 
until  about  1885,  when  he  removed  to  Addison,  New  York. 

P.  E.  Watkous,  son  of  James  and  B.  A.  Watrous,  both  natives  of  Connecticut, 
was  born  in  Windsor,  Broome  county.  New  York,  April  4,  1851,  and  is  one  of  eight 
children,  viz:  John,  who  died  in  1856,  aged  sixteen  years;  Henry,  a  resident  of 
Gaines  township;  F.  E.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Arthur,  a  resident  of  Forest 
Grove,  Oregon;  Charles,  who  died  in  1863;  Sarah,  wife  of  Jesse  Locke,  of  Wellsboro; 
Jennie,  deceased  wife  of  J.  H.  Wood,  of  Gaines  township,  and  Emma  A.,  wife  of  H. 
M.  Foote,  an  attorney  of  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1851  Mr.  Watrous'  parents  removed 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  Elk  run,  in  Gaines  township,  where  his 
father  still  resides,  being  now  eighty-five  years  of  age.  His  mother  died  in  1882, 
aged  sixty-eight  years.  Mr.  Watrous  was  reared  to  manhood  in  Gaines  township,  and 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield  and  the 
commercial  college  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York.  In  1873  he  began  the  study  of  law 
at  Knoxville,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Hon.  Mortimer  F.  Elliott.  The  following 
year  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  entered  Mr.  Elliott's  office,  where  he  continued  his 
studies  until  his  admission  to  the  bar  in  January,  1876.  In  1879  he  became  a  partner 
of  Mr.  Elliott,  the  firm  becoming  Elliott  &  Watrous.  This  partnership  still  exists, 
although,  owing  to  Mr.  Elliott's  constant  absence  from  the  borough  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duties  as  attorney  for  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  the  business  of  the  firm  is 
practically  attended  to  by  Mr.  Watrous.  On  March  24,  1876,  Mr.  Watrous  married 
Fanny  Shore,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eebecca  Shore,  of  Knoxville.  They  have 
an  adopted  daughter,  Margaret.  In  polities  Mr.  Watrous  is  a  Eepublican.  Though 
loyal  to  and  interested  in  the  success  of  the  principles  of  the  party,  he  has  never  held 
office.  He  is  a  member  of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317,  P.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Tyagaghton 
Commandery,  No.  28,  K.  T.  Mr.  Watrous  practices  in  the  state  and  United  States 
courts.  His  inclination  being  in  the  direction  of  civil,  rather  than  criminal  practice, 
he  has  confined  himself  to  the  former,  and  has  achieved  a  well-earned  reputation  as 
a  careful,  methodical  and  painstaking  attorney,  especially  in  intricate  commercial 
cases  and  in  the  settlement  of  estates.  Equipped  with  a  good  legal  mind,  he  has  by 
unremitting  study  and  hard  work  risen  to  a  prominent  and  honorable  place  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  Tioga  county. 

Henet  M.  Foote  was  bom  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  in  1846,  and  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Wellsboro  Academy.  His  father,  Dr.  Ira  A. 
Foote,  was  the  first  homeopathic  physician  to  locate  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  practiced 
from  1849  to  1851,  when  he  removed  to  Carpenterville,  New  York.  In  1864,  while 
a  student  in  the  academy,  Henry  M.  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  at  the  organization  of  that  regiment,  and  remained  in  ser- 
vice until  the  close  of  the  war.  On  his  return  home  he  read  law  with  Hon.  John  I. 
Mitchell  and  David  Cameron,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  February  1,  1876.  He 
opened  an  office  in  Wellsboro  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.     In  1880  he 


^«^^ 


THE    BE.N'CH    AND    BAB. 


was  elected  district  attorney  and  sen-ed  a  term  of  three  years  with  credit.  In  liis-t 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  lSs6.  In  ISSO  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  assistant  attorney  in  the  department  of  justice  under  Attorney  General 
Miller  and  served  in  that  capacity  up  to  ls93.  He  has  since  continued  to  practice 
in  W'ashington,  but  retains  his  residence  in  Wellsboro. 

T.  C.  Sandebs  was  bom  in  the  town  of  Clarksville,  Allegheny  county,  Xew 
York.  He  spent  about  five  years  in  the  university  at  Alfred  in  his  native  county 
and  graduated  in  1861.  He  served  the  first  two  years  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  army, 
and  when  he  returned  he  located  at  Westfield  in  1863.  After  studying  law  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  February  2,  18T0,  and  in  1ST9  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Hon.  Butler  B.  Strang,  and  that  relation  continued  until  the  death 
of  the  latter.     Soon  after  this  Mr.  Sanders  removed  to  Dakota. 

Hen  BY  W.  Roland,  deceased,  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  December  7, 
1818,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and 
Wellsboro  Academy.  He  read  law  with  Hon.  William  A.  Stone  and  was  admitted 
at  Wellsboro  at  the  August  tenn,  1876.  In  October  following  he  opened  a  law  and 
insurance  office  in  Blossburg.  He  frequently  served  as  boroufjh  cliTk,  and  in  1680 
he  was  appointed  United  States  census  marshal. 

John  Oemerod  was  a  member  of  the  bar  in  18.7,  and  had  an  office  at  Knox- 
ville.  He  came  from  Potter  county,  but  returned  to  ('uuders]xjrt  in  1881,  where  lie 
is  still  practicing  his  profession. 

John  S.  Ryon,  only  son  of  Harris  T.  Kynn,  was  born  in  Nelson  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  4,  1847,  and  was  educated  in  the  Osceola 
High  School  and  the  State  Normal  School  at  Manslinld.  He  began  the  study  of  law 
in  1875  with  Major  George  W.  Merrick,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted  to  tlic  Tioga 
county  bar  in  the  spring  of  1877.  He  located  in  Klkland,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided and  practiced  his  profession,  being  also  identified  with  a  number  of  business 
enterprises  in  that  borough.  In  1881  he  was  admitted  to  the  Potter  county  bar:  to 
the  United  Slates  court  in  1886,  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn-^vlvania  in  IS'.IL 
On  January  13,  1869.  lie  married  Maria  Hollis,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Maria 
Ilollis,  of  Steuben  county.  New  York,  and  has  two  children,  Emma  and  Harry.  Mr. 
Ryon  is  a  staunch  Democrat,  and  in  1884  was  a  candidate  for  representative  and 
ran  several  hundred  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket.  In  188G  he  was  appointed  postmaster 
of  lllkland  by  President  Clovt'lnnd,  and  held  that  office  three  years.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  recognized  as  one 
of  the  progressive  citizens  of  Elkland. 

Darius  L.  Deane,  a  son  of  I'rastus  P.  Deane,  was  born  in  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  January-  22.  IS  10.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  and  re- 
ceived a  common  school,  academical  and  commercial  college  education.  He  afterwards 
studied  and  practiced  surveying  with  his  father,  also  assisted  in  the  farm  duties,  until 
1863,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  First  Battalion,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  later  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers. He  participated  in  the  recapture  of  I'nrt  Steadman  and  the  capture  of 
Petersburg,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  After  shattering  his  left  arm  near 
the  shoulder,  the  bullet  lodged   in  the  left  breast,  and  amputation  of  the  arm  re- 

12 


178  HISTORY    or    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

suited.  Mr.  Deane  was  honorably  discharged  June  23,  1865,  with  the  rank  of  ser- 
geant major,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  In  the  fall  of  1866  he 
was  elected  register  and  recorder  of  the  county,  was  re-elected  in  1869,  and  again 
in  1872,  filling  that  position  nine  consecutive  years.  In  1876  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  Elliott  &  Watrous,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Tioga  county  in  the  fall  of  1878,  since  which  time  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
and  followed  surveying.  Mr.  Deane  was  married  December  14,  1869,  to  Barbara  L. 
Sturrock,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Jane  Sturrock,  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  had  one 
son,  Arthur  "W.,  who  died  when  seven  years  of  age.  They  afterwards  adopted  Allen 
B.,  a  son  of  Jerome  and  Mary  Bowers,  of  Horseheads,  New  York.  Politically,  Mr. 
Deane  is  a  Eepublican,  and  besides  his  three  terms  as  register  and  recorder,  he  has 
fiUed  the  ofEces  of  school  director,  burgess  and  assessor  one  term  each,  and  has 
served  three  terms  in  the  council.  He  is  a  member  of  George  Cook  Post,  No.  315, 
G.  A.  E.,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

S.  Fowler  Chaknell  was  born  in  Canton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  21,  1848,  and  is  a  son  of  William  T.  and  Sarah  J.  (Wright)  Channell,  the 
former  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  and  the  latter  of  Bradford  county.  They  reared 
a  family  of  five  children,  named  as  follows:  S.  Powler;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  C.  0.  Eock- 
well,  of  Eoaring  Branch;  Dudley  B.,  a  physician  of  Washington;  Frank  J.,  of 
Canton,  Bradford  county,  and  Leon  S.,  a  lawyer  of  Mansfield,  Tioga  county.  The 
parents  are  residents  of  Canton,  Bradford  county,  where  his  father  is  engaged  in 
farming.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  obtained  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Bradford  county,  later  clerked  four  years  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Canton,  and  then 
spent  two  years  at  Lafayette  College.  In  the  autumn  of  1877  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  ofiice  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  of  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  January,  1880.  He  immediately  opened  an  ofiice  in  Wellsboro  for  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  continued  alone  until  1884,  when  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  H.  M.  Foote,  which  existed  until  the  fall  of  1889,  at  which  time  Mr.  Foote 
removed  to  Washington,  D.  C.  Mr.  Channell  was  married  September  19,  1888,  to 
Lizzie  M.  Fairman,  and  has  one  son,  Malcolm  F.  The  family  attend  the  Presby- 
terian church.  In  polities,  Mr.  Channell  is  one  of  the  most  active  Eepublicans  in 
the  county.  From  1884  to  1887  he  was  the  legal  adviser  for  the  county  commis- 
sioners, and  for  four  years  was  secretary  of  the  school  board,  and  was  president  of 
the  same  body  for  two  years.  In  February,  1897,  he  was  elected  burgess  of  Wells- 
boro. He  enjoys  a  good  law  practice,  which  he  has  gradually  built  up  during 
the  past  seventeen  years. 

H.  L.  Baldwin  was  born  September  29,  1845,  at  Medina,  Ohio,  and  was 
educated  at  Franklin  Industrial  Institute,  Cooperstown,  New  York,  and  at  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  From  1871  to  1878  he  taught  school  at  Lawrence- 
ville  and  Tioga.  After  reading  law  under  the  preceptorship  of  Frederick  E. 
Smith,  of  the  latter  place,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880.  He  located  at 
Tioga,  where  he  is  still  practicing  his  profession. 

John  T.  Gear  was  born  at  Pittsford,  Monroe  county,  New  York,  October  4, 
1854,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  A.  (White)  Gear,  natives  of  England.  His 
parents  came  to  the  United  States  about  1844,  and  located  in  Monroe  county.  New 
York,  where  his  father  had  charge  of  the  hot  houses  of  Daniel  lies,  a  prominent 


THE    BENCH    AKD    BAB.  179 


florist  of  that  county,  for  several  years.  He  later  engaged  in  farming  near  Friend- 
ship, Allegany  county.  New  York,  where  he  still  resides,  practically  retired,  though 
overseeing  the  duties  of  his  farm.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  an  academical 
education  at  Friendship,  Xew  York.  In  1873  he  located  in  Potter  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  was  engaged  four  summers  in  the  cheese  business,  and  taught 
school  during  the  winter  seasons.  In  1879  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 
of  L.  H.  Cobb,  Esq.,  of  Coudersport,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Potter  county  bar  in 
June,  1881,  and  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  at  the  December  term  of  the  same  year. 
In  1881  he  located  at  Klnoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in 
the  active  duties  of  his  profession.  Mr.  Gear  was  married  St-ptember  14,  1877,  to 
Eva  Darling,  a  daughter  of  Thaddeus  and  Amelia  (Nelson)  Darling,  of  Allegln'ny 
township,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  one  son,  T.  Fay.  In  politiis,  Mr. 
Gear  is  a  Kepublican,  takes  an  active  interest  in  political  affairs,  and  has  held  various 
local  offices  in  Knoxville,  including  two  terms  as  burgess  of  the  borough. 

EoBEHT  Kennedy  Young,  eldest  son  of  Hon.  Hugh  Voung,  the  well-known 
bank  examiner,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  June  1 1,  18G1.  lie  wa.s  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  a  private  school  in  Concord,  Xew  Hanijishire. 
Eetuming  home  he  read  law  with  Major  (Jeorge  W.  Merriek,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  August,  1884.  Soon  after  his  admission  he  visited  Europe  and  sjient 
some  time  in  England,  Ireland,  Scotland  and  France,  lie  remained  for  a  period  at 
Killyleagh,  County  Down,  Ireland,  the  birthplace  of  his  father,  en^'iij;eil  in  visiting 
relatives.  On  his  return  to  Wellsboro  Mr.  Young  resumed  his  jjrofessioual  duties 
and  has  since  become  well  known  over  the  county  as  a  member  of  the  law  finn  of 
Merrick  &  Young.  Mr.  Young  was  married  October  •.':!,  IS'.Mi,  to  Emma  Van 
Mater,  of  Eed  Bank,  New  Jersey.  In  politics  he  is  a  Kepuljlican.  In  October,  1890, 
lie  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace  to  fill  a  vacancy,-  and  the  following  spring  he 
was  elected  for  a  full  term.  He  resigned  in  the  spring  of  1896,  and  was  subse- 
quently chosen  as  one  of  the  llepublican  candidates  for  the  legislature,  to  which 
position  he  was  elected  by  a  handsome  majority.  Mr.  Young  was  one  of  the  five 
original  promoters  and  first  directors  of  the  Wellsborough  Electric  Company  and 
has  acted  as  counsel  and  business  manager  of  the  enterprise  since  its  inception. 

Alfred  Jones  Siiattuck  was  born  in  Corning,  Xew  York,  October  .',  is.")!",  a 
son  of  Levi  H.  and  Sarah  (Pack)  Shattuck,  who  came  to  Tioga  county  in  ls(;t;  and 
located  in  Blossburg.  After  obtaining  a  common  school  education,  Alfred  .1.  en- 
tered the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  graduating  from  that  instittition  in 
1877,  and  from  Lafayette  College  in  1881.  He  then  accepted  a  position  as  pa_\Tna8ter 
on  the  Amot  and  Pine  Creek  railroad,  which  he  occupied  a  year  and  a  half.  In  the 
fall  of  ISSV'  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Elliott  &  Watrous,  of  Wellsboro,  and  after 
dilifrent  study  was  admitted  to  practice  August  26,  18S4,  and  opened  his  present 
office  January  1,  1885.  Mr.  Shattuck  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  was  elected 
borougli  clerk  in  Marcli,  1SS9,  which  position  he  has  filled  continuously  up  to  the 
present.  He  has  been  a  notary  public  since  March  11,  188."),  and  was  chairman  of 
the  Republican  county  committee  for  the  year  ISOl.  On  January  6,  1S86,  ^fr. 
Shattuck  married  Emma  M.  Purjile.  a  daughter  of  E.  J.  and  Rachel  .\.  Purple,  and 
has  one  son,  Levi  H. 

Aaron  R.  Nimcs,  eldest  son  of  Gen.  .Teromo  B.  Xiles,  was  bom  in  Mi'MMury 


180  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

township,  October  3, 1860.  He  received  his  education  in  the  High  School  of  Wells- 
boro,  and  then  spent  a  year  at  Lafayette  College.  He  read  law  under  the  direction 
of  his  father,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884.  Mr.  Niles  married  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Gov.  Thomas  L.  Young,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  resides  in  Wellsboro 
and  is  associated  with  his  father  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  March,  1897, 
Mr.  Mies  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Cottage  State  Hos- 
pital, at  Blossburg. 

B.  M.  PoTTEE,  a  son  of  Jerome  B.  Potter,  was  born  at  Cherry  Plats,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  April  23,  1862,  and  was  educated  in  the  Wellsboro  High 
School,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1876,  and  Cook  Academy,  Havana,  New  York, 
graduating  in  1879.  In  1883  he  began  studying  law  under  Jerome  B.  Niles,  and 
completed  his  studies  with  Mitchell  &  Cameron.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1884.  From  1891  to  1894  he  resided  and  practiced  in  Washington,  D.  C,  since 
which  time  he  has  pursued  his  profession  in  Wellsboro.  He  was  elected  a  justice  of 
the  peace  in  February,  1896. 

Haetey  B.  Leach  is  the  only  child  of  Myron  and  Emeline  (Colgrove)  Leach, 
and  was  born  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  30, 1860.  His 
paternal  grandfather.  Dr.  Harvey  Leach,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  and  pioneer 
physicians  of  Chatham  township.  He  located  at  Shortsville  early  in  the  thirties, 
and  practiced  medicine  until  his  death  in  1863.  His  practice  was  an  extensive  one, 
both  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties,  and  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  phy- 
sicians of  this  section  of  Pennsylvania.  Myron  Leach  died  October  18,  1895.  His 
widow  resides  cm  the  homestead  farm  in  Chatham  township.  Harvey  B.  passed  the 
first  twenty  years  of  his  life  on  the  old  homestead.  During  this  period  he  received 
the  rudiments  of  an  English  education  in  the  common  schools  and  gained  a  practical 
knowledge  of  agriculture  by  assisting  in  the  work  of  the  farm.  In  the  summer  of 
1880  he  went  to  Monroe  county,  ISTew  York,  and  worked  several  months  on  a  farm. 
During  the  winter  of  1880-81  he  attended  the  Wellsboro  Academy.  In  September, 
1881,  he  became  a  student  of  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  the  spring  of  1883.  He  taught  the  graded  school  at  Little  Marsh  dur- 
ing the  winter  months.  In  the  summer  of  1884  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  oflSce 
of  Henry  Sherwood  &  Son,  of  AVellsboro.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  spring 
of  1886,  and  immediately  began  practice  by  entering  into  partnership  with  Harvey 
Blackburn,  of  Wellsboro,  the  firm  being  Blackburn  &  Leach.  At  the  end  of  six 
months  the  partnership  was  dissolved  by  mutual  consent,  and  September  30,  1886, 
Mr.  Leach  removed  to  Blossburg  and  began  practice  for  himself.  In  the  interveniag 
years,  by  close  application  and  successful  work  in  the  courts,  he  has  built  up  a  lucra- 
tive practice,  and  achieved  deserved  recognition  at  the  bar  of  Tioga  county.  In  No- 
vember, 1889,  he  was  elected  district  attorney,  and  acceptably  discharged  the  duties 
of  that  office  for  three  years.  He  has  also  served  as  a  member  of  Blossburg  school 
board.  In  March,  1897,  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  expects  to  find  a  wider 
field  for  the  prosecution  of  his  profession.  Mr.  Leach  was  married  November  16, 
1886,  to  Irene  L.  Wheeler,  a  daughter  of  Julius  C.  and  Emily  E.  Wheeler,  of  Wells- 
boro. To  this  union  three  children  have  been  born,  viz:  Earl,  Myrtle,  deceased,  and 
Walter.  In  politics  Mr.  Leach  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  labored  earnestly 
for  the  success  of  the  principles  and  doctrines  of  that  party. 


^..;^ 


THE    BENCH    AXD    BAB.  Jgl 


Hox.  Walteb  T.  Mebeick,  a  son  of  Jacob  B.  Merrick,  a  grandson  of  Isaac 
Merrick  and  great  grandson  of  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Charieston  township, 
Tioga  county,  June  12,  1859.    During  the  residence  of  his  parents  in  the  various 
places  where  his  father  practiced  dentistry,  Walter  T.  attended  the  public  schools. 
He  graduated  from  Grammar  school,  No.  2,  Elmira,  New  York,  in  1876,  and  subse- 
quently took  a  course  at  the  Elmira  Free  Academy,  and  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Mansfield.    After  his  father's  death  he  adopted  dentistry  as  his  profession,  removing 
to  Blossburg  and  practicing  there  with  his  brother,  D.  0.  Merrick.     In  1881  he  went 
to  Tioga  and  began  reading  law  in  the  office  of  Charles  H.  Seymour,  but  his  studies 
were  interrupted  by  the  death  of  his  perceptor,  and  he  embarked  in  the  real  estate 
business,  in  which  he  continued  until  1885.     From  February,  1884,  to  October,  188.'), 
he  filled  the  secretaryship  of  Tioga  borough.     In  the  latter  vear  he  went  to  Wellsboro 
and  there  resumed  the  reading  of  law  in  the  office  of  Merrick  &  Young.     He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1886,  and  immediately  returned  to  IMcjssburg  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession.     In  1892  he  received  the  Republican  nomination  for  the 
legislature,  and  was  elected  to  that  position,  leading  the  ticket,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1894.     During  the  last  session  of  the   legislature,  he  served  on  the  following  im- 
portant   committees:     Appropriations,  agriculture,  congressional    apportionment, 
corporations,  and  education,  and  was  reco;,'iuze(]  as  an  able  and  etlicicnt  number  in 
the  committee  room,  and  one  of  the  leaders  on  the  floor  of  the  House.     Mr.  Merrick 
served  in  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1894,  voted  for  Hastin^'s  for  governor, 
and  seconded  the  nomination  of  Jack  Robinson  for  lieutenant  governor.     Though  a 
comparatively  young  man,  Mr.  Merrick  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of 
the  Republican  party  in  Tioga  county.    Believing  in  the  principles  of  his  party,  he 
has  worked  earnestly  to  secure  their  success  at  tiie  polls.     .\s  a  legislator  he  has  en- 
deavored to  serve  not  only  the  people  of  his  county,  but  of  the  entire  State,  and  that 
the  popularity  he  enjoys  is  not  confined  to  Tioga  county  was  manifested  in  April, 
1896,  when  he  received  the  nomination  for  state  senator  without  opposition  in  his 
native  county.     The  following  August,  at  the  fourth  meeting  of  the  senatorial  con- 
ference, at  Coudersport,  he  was  unanimously  nominated,  and  on  November  3d  was 
elected  by  a  gratifying  majority. 

Hkn'ry  a.  Ashton  was  born  in  Livingston  county,  New  York,  August  27, 
18G0,  and  is  the  youngest  son  of  Norman  A.  Ashton.  He  was  four  years  old  when 
his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  he  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
district  school  of  Chatham  township,  graded  school  of  Elkland,  and  public  school  of 
Wellsboro.  He  taught  a  term  of  school  and  then  entered  the  store  of  Justus  Dear- 
man,  of  Knoxville,  Pennsylvania,  after  wliose  death  he  clerked  for  Albert  Dearman 
until  April,  1883,  when  he  opened  a  store  at  Little  Marsh,  in  partnership  with  C.  E. 
Philbrick,  which  continued  until  the  following  September.  His  partner's  interest 
was  then  purchased  by  Joseph  II.  Ferris,  and  the  firm  of  Ashton  &  Ferris  continued 
until  188.">,  when  Jlr.  Ferris  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga  county.  The  store  was  then 
sold  and  our  subject  began  the  study  of  law  with  Peek  &  Scovill,  of  Couders[>ort. 
He  was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  in  Sejitemljer,  188T,  and  to  the  Tioga  county  bar  in  De- 
cember following,  since  which  time  ho  has  been  located  at  Knoxville.  Mr.  Ashton 
was  married  May  22,  ]8S;i.  to  ^liniiie  L.  Ilo|>kins,  a  daughter  of  Clicster  and  Mary  K. 
(Blackinan)  Hopkins,  of  Knoxville,  and  has  one  son,  Chester  H.      Hi   is  one  of  the 


182  HISTOEX  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

leading  Democrats  of  his  locality,  and  in  1889  -was  the  nominee  of  his  party  for  dis- 
trict attorney,  and  received  a  full  party  vote.  On  October  31,  1893,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Cleveland  postmaster  of  Knoxville,  which  office  he  still  holds, 
but  also  continues  the  practice  of  law.  He  has  served  as  assessor  of  Knoxville  for 
six  years,  auditor  three  years,  and  town  clerk  and  borough  counsel  for  eight  years. 
Mr.  Ashton  has  been  a  member  of  the  Democratic  county  committee  for  several  years, 
was  chairman  of  that  body  in  1895  and  1896,  and  still  holds  the  position. 

W.  L.  Sheaeek,  the  editor  of  the  Bepublican  Advocate,  "Wellsboro,  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1886.  After  practicing  a  few  months  he  engaged  in  the  newspaper 
busiaess  to  which  he  has  since  devoted  his  entire  attention. 

James  H.  Matson,  a  son  of  Edwin  Matson,  Sr.,  of  Delmar,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  May,  4, 1880,  practiced  in  Wellsboro  for  a  period,  and  was  district  attorney  three 
years.  He  was  also  associated  with  W.  L.  Shearer  in  the  publication  of  the  Bepub- 
lican Advocate,  of  which  he  was  editor  from  1886  to  1891.  He  died  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  March  14,  1897. 

D.  C.  Haehowee,  a  son  of  Hon.  G.  T.  Harrower,  of  Lawrenceville,  was  admitted 
November  30,  1887,  and  practiced  in  Lawrenceville  until  1894,  when  he  removed  to 
Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania. 

Edwaed  Howland  Owlett,  youngest  son  of  Gilbert  B.  Owlett,  Sr.,  was  born 
in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  November  23,  1859.  His  early  life  was  passed 
upon  his  father's  farm,  and  his  primary  education  was  obtained  in  the  neighboring 
district  school.  Later  he  spent  a  year  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  and 
was  graduated  from  the  Central  State  Normal  School,  at  Lock  Haven,  in  1883.  The 
three  succeeding  years  were  spent  in  teaching,  after  which  he  went  to  Wellsboro  and 
entered  the  ofiice  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood  &  Son,  as  a  law  student.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  April,  1888,  and  in  December,  of  the  same  year,  formed 
the  present  partnership  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett.  Mr.  Owlett  was  married  Septem- 
ber 8,  1891,  to  Miss  Ida  Wells,  a  daughter  of  Charles  E.  Wells,  of  Ulster,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  two  children,  Gilbert  M.  and  Cora.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican, 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  district  attorney  in  1893,  and  filled  the  position  a  fuU 
term  of  three  years.  Pie  is  one  of  the  well-known  and  popular  members  of  the  bar, 
and  the  firm  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett  enjoys  a  good  practice  and  an  honorable  place 
among  the  legal  fraternity. 

Peedbeick  Bigelow  Smith  was  born  in  Tioga  borough,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, April  3,  1863.  He  was  educated  in  the  High  School,  Tioga;  Kinney  and 
Cascidilla  preparatory  schools,  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  Cornell  University.  He 
studied  law  in  Tioga  under  his  father,  Frederick  E.  Smith,  entered  the  law  depart- 
ment of  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  in  1886,  and  graduated  in  1888,  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  1888,  and  the  State 
Supreme  Court  in  1893.  In  October,  1889,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Tioga,  where  he  still  resides.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Eepublican  in  politics  and  is  popular 
with  the  people  of  the  county.  In  November,  1896,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  county  in  the  state  legislature. 

Andeevt  B.  Dunsmgee  was  born  in  Morris  Eun,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
January  4,  1866,  and  is  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  living.     His  father,  John  Dunsmore,  a  native  of  Carnbrae,  Lanarkshire,  Scot- 


THE    BEXCH    AXD    BAB.  183 

land,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1852,  where  he  married  Janet  Baird. 
He  followed  his  previous  occupation  of  a  coal  miner,  and  was  superintendent  of  mines 
at  Amot,  Tioga  county,  for  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  from  its  organization 
until  1876,  when  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Covington  township  and  followed  agricul- 
ture four  years.  He  then  accepted  his  former  position  with  the  Blossburg  Coal 
Company,  which  he  held  until  1885,  when  he  returned  to  his  farm  in  Covington. 
Two  years  later  he  accepted  the  position  of  general  superintendent  for  the  Bloom- 
ington  Mining  Company,  at  Glen  Richey,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  died  ilarch  30, 
1895.  Andrew  B.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Blossljiirg,  later  attended 
the  State  Normal  School  at  ilansfield,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1884.  The 
following  year  he  took  a  scientific  course  in  the  same  institution.  He  next  served 
eighteen  months  as  principal  of  the  Amot  public  schools,  and  then  s]>ent  two  years 
on  his  father's  farm.  In  the  winter  of  1887  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Mitchell  & 
Cameron,  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  applied  himself  diligently  to  the  study  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  November,  18S0.  He  practiced  with 
David  Cameron  until  the  fall  of  1893,  when  he  opened  his  present  office.  Mr. 
Dunsmore  was  married  May  17,  1891,  to  Miss  Sadie  E.  Ball,  of  Ilonesdale,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  State 
Convention  in  1893,  and  the  State  Republican  League  the  same  year.  In  1894  he 
was  chairman  of  the  Republican  county  ((uniiiittee,  and  is  one  of  the  most  active 
workers  in  the  party.  In  November,  18!)."),  Mr.  Dunsmore  was  elected  district 
attorney  without  opposition,  and  is  now  filling  that  office. 

Frank  H.  Rockwell  was  bom  at  Cherry  Flats,  Tiopi  county,  March  3,  1865, 
and  is  the  only  son  of  Silas  S.  Rockwell.  lie  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  township  and  the  Wcllsbon^  High  ScIkio],  and  later  taught  fnr  several 
terms  in  Tioga  county.  In  the  fall  of  1889  he  entered  the  law  otlin'  of  Elli(jtt  & 
Watrous,  was  admitted  to  jinictice  in  January,  1891,  and  opened  an  oiBce  in  Wells- 
boro, where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  his  professional  duties.  On 
November  18, 1891,  he  was  appointed  a  notary  public,  and  still  acts  in  that  capacity. 
Mr.  Rockwell  married  Lucy  B.  Bailey,  a  daughter  of  J.  il.  Bailey,  of  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  and  has  two  children,  Emory  P>.  and  Lora  M.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Rockwell  are  members  of  the  Jlethodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he 
is  a  Republican. 

Alfred  J.  Niles,  second  son  of  Gen.  Jerome  B.  Niles,  is  a  native  of  Wellsboro, 
and  was  born  November  27,  1866.  After  receiving  his  preparatory  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  town,  he  commenced  reading  law  in  his  father's  office.  He 
waa  ^niiiluated  from  Harvard  Ijaw  School  in  1891,  and  admitted  tn  the  bar  in  '[s'.t2. 
Receiving  the  appointment  of  assistant  state  bank  examiner  under  Cnloncl  Gilkeson, 
he  located  in  Pittsburg  in  1894.  In  November,  1895,  he  was  appointed  assistant 
solicitor  for  Pittsburg,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  that  city. 

John  II.  Pi'tnam,  son  of  Jonas  G.  and  Sophia  Putnam,  was  bom  in  Essex 
county.  New  York,  November  28,  1817.  and  was  two  years  old  when  his  parents 
settled  in  Tioga.  Here  he  grew  to  maturity  and  received  a  good  English  education, 
studied  law  under  Hon.  John  W.  Cuernsey,  of  Tioga,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Tioga  county  in  1802.  Ho  at  once  commenced  practice,  openinj:  an  office  in  Tioga 


184  HISTOKT    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


borough,  and  has  since  built  up  a  lucrative  business.  In  1871  Mr.  Putnam  married 
Sophia  Guernsey,  a  daughter  of  Hon.  John  W.  and  Susan  Marriott  (Morris)  Guern- 
sey. Her  father  was  a  well-known  citizen  of  Tioga,  and  her  mother  was  a  daughter 
of  Judge  Samuel  Wells  Morris,  a  pioneer  of  Wellsboro.  They  are  the  parents  of 
two  children,  viz:  Morris  Havens  and  Wistar  Guernsey.  In  politics  Mr.  Putnam  is 
a  staunch  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  secretary  of  the  borough  of  Tioga,  and  also 
as  a  justice  ol  the  peace  from  1885  to  1890.  He  is  a  member  of  Tioga  River  Lodge, 
No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  F.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  adherents  of  St.  Andrew's  Protestant 
Episcopal  church,  and  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of  the 
borough. 

Chaeles  N.  Kimball  was  born  September  20,  1872,  in  Parkville,  Platte 
county,  Missouri.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  when  he  com- 
menced reading  law  under  the  direction  of  Elliott  &  Watrous,  Wellsboro,  in  August, 
1891,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  March  30,  1893.  Mr.  Kimball  was  twenty  years 
and  six  months  old  when  he  was  admitted  to  practice,  and  so  far  as  known  is  the 
youngest  man  ever  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county.  He  has  temporarily 
given  up  practice  and  is  now  attending  college. 

H.  F.  Maesh,  a  previous  member  of  the  bar,  has  recently  given  up  journalism 
and  returned  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  is  associated  with  Elliott  &  Watrous  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law. 

Leon  Sevtbll  Channell  was  born  in  Canton,  Pennsylvania,  May  23,  .1868. 
He  graduated  from  the  Canton  High  School  in  1890,  came  to  Wellsboro,  read  law 
with  his  brother,  S.  F.  Channell,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  June,  1893.  In 
February,  1895,  he  located  in  Mansfield,  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  pro- 
fession. 

Douglas  H.  Geiffin  came  from  Canton  in  April,  1895,  and  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Leon  S.  Channell,  at  Mansfield,  which  continued  until  Mr.  Griffin's  death, 
from  accidental  shooting,  in  October  of  the  same  year.  He  was  a  bright  and  prom- 
ising young  lawyer. 

Leon  B.  Feeet  was  born  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, August  3, 1867,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Mansfield.  In  1893  he  began  studying  law  under  Elliott  &  Watrous,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  June,  1895.     His  office  is  with  S.  F.  Channell,  Wellsboro. 

Ernest  W.  Gleckler,  who  was  admitted  in  April,  1895,  practiced  for  about  six 
months.  Assuming  the  duties  of  cashier  of  the  Wellsborough  National  Bank,  he 
has  given  his  entire  time  to  them,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  law. 

Haeet  N.  Sheewood,  son  of  Walter  Sherwood,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Hon. 
Henry  Sherwood,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  January  1,  1871,  and  was  educated  in  the 
Wellsboro  High  School.  In  1890  he  entered  the  office  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett  as  a 
clerk,  and  in  1894  became  a  law  student  in  the  same  office.  In  May,  1896,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice,  thus  giving,  until  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  three' genera- 
tions of  the  Sherwood  family  living  representatives  in  the  Tioga  county  bar. 

William  M.  Kehlee  was  born  in  L9ck  Haven,  Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1864, 
and  -was  educated  at  Williamsport  Commercial  College,  graduating  in  1882,  and  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  from  which  he  graduated  in  June,  1893.     In 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAH.  185 


April,  1894,  he  became  a  law  student  in  the  office  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett,  Wellsboro, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  June,  1896. 

Chakles  L.  Fellows  was  bom  June  14,  1871,  in  Canton,  Pennsylvania,  and 
vras  educated  in  the  common  and  in  the  high  schools  of  his  native  town.  He  also  took 
a  course  in  the  commercial  college  at  Elmira.  After  reading  law  with  J.  \\.  Stone,  of 
Canton,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bradford  county  bar  February  10,  1896.  On  No- 
vember 7, 1896,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  the  Hon.  Walter  T.  Merrick,  of  Bloss- 
burg,  and  on  the  24th  of  the  same  month  was  admitted  to  the  Tioga  county  bar. 

Charles  H.  Cornelius,  who  was  admitted  to  practice  December  24,  1896,  is 
the  youngest  member  of  the  Tioga  county  bar.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Joseph 
Cornelius,  of  Elkland,  and  prepared  himself  for  admissinn  in  the  office  of  Merrick 
&  Young,  making  an  excellent  record  as  a  student. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  following  named  persons  have  been  admitted 
to  practice  in  Tioga  county:  Newell  F.  Higgin.s,  who  came  from  L'henango  county, 
New  York,  practiced  in  Lawrenceville  from  1x29  to  1831,  and  then  removed  to 
Williamsport.  Norman  H.  Purple,  a  student  of  Iliggins,  practiced  in  Lawrenceville 
until  1837,  removed  to  Peoria,  Illinois,  and  was  afterward  elected  to  the  circuit  court 
bench.  E.  W.  Hazard,  the  first  lawyer  to  locate  in  ilansfield,  was  there  before  1840, 
and  remained  several  years.  Victor  A.  Elliott  began  practice  in  Mansfield,  but 
removed  to  Denver,  Colorado,  where  he  has  since  served  on  the  circuit  court  bench 
and  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  A.  J.  Webster  practiced  in  Mansfield  from 
1870  to  1873,  and  B.  J.  Coskey  from  1890  to  1S!)4.  Daniel  W.  Baldwin,  a  ri.'^ing 
young  lawyer,  wns  admitted  to  the  bar  April  "i,  IH.sc,  and  practices  his  profession  at 
Westfield,  as  does  John  T.  McNeil,  who  is  also  a  justice  of  tlie  peace  in  that  borough. 
W.  IT.  Smith,  a  former  member  of  the  bar,  is  a  practicing  attorney  in  Hastings, 
Nebraska.  J.  C.  Strang,  who  served  as  judge  at  Lamed,  Kansas,  and  is  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Takoma,  Washington,  and  James  H.  Shaw,  now  a  resident  of  Canton, 
Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  were  formerly  raemliers  of  the  Tioga  county  bar. 

The  following  named  persons,  though  admitted  to  the  bar,  did  not  engage  in 
active  jiractice:  Robert  C.  Simpson,  deceased,  of  Wellsboro;  Charles  L.  Pattison, 
deceased,  of  Elkland;  Simon  B.  Elliott,  formerly  of  Mansfield,  and  Hugh  Young, 
the  veteran  bank  examiner. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  present  members  of  the  Tioga  county  Imr: 
J.  W.  Adams,  Thomas  Allen,  Henry  A.  Ashton,  John  N.  Baehe,  D.  W.  Baldwin,  H. 
L.  Baldwin,  Clark  W.  Beach,  A.  S.  Brewster,  Da\'id  Cameron,  Leon  S.  Channell, 
S.  F.  Channell,  F.  W.  Clark,  Charles  H.  Comelius,  D.  L.  Deane,  A.  B.  Dunsmore, 
Mortimer  V.  Elliott.  Charles  L.  Fellows,  Leon  B.  Ferry,  H.  M.  Foote,  Ernest  W. 
Gleckler,  John  T.  Gear,  Jefferson  Harrison,  Charles  X.  Kimball,  S.  E.  Kirkendall, 
William  M.  Kchler,  Harvey  B.  Leach,  H.  F.  :Marsh,  J.  W.  Mather,  John  T.  ileXeil, 
George  W.  Merrick,  Walter  T.  Memck,  Jerome  B.  Xilcs,  Aaron  R.  Xiles,  Alfred  J. 
Xiles,  iMlwani  11.  Owictt,  Ilomec  B.  Packer,  Burt  M.  Potter.  John  H.  Putnam,  A. 
Rcdfield,  Frank  H.  Rockwell,  Xorman  II.  Ryan,  John  S.  Kyon.  Wallace  P.  Kyon, 
Frank  I>.  Stl]ili,  Alfred  J.  Shattiick,  W.  Jj.  Shearer,  Walter  Sherwood,  Harry  X. 
Sherwood,  !■'.  B.  Smiih,  Charles  Tiilibs.  Stephen  1'  Wilson,  R.  T.  Wood,  Ezra  B. 
Young  and  Hugh  Young. 


186  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


THE   TIOGA   COUNTY   BAB   ASSOCIATION. 

During  the  early  part  of  the  January  term,  1883,  a  movement  was  inaugurated 
among  the  members  of  the  bar  having  for  its  outcome  the  organization  and  incor- 
poration of  an  association  to  embrace  within  its  membership  the  practicing  attorneys 
of  the  county.  A  committee,  consisting  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood,  Frederick  E. 
Smith,  and  Eobert  C.  Simpson,  was  appointed  to  consider  and  report  upon  the  mat- 
ter. The  report,  which  in  due  time  was  submitted,  is,  except  the  formal  intro- 
duction, as  follows: 

It  would  bring  the  members  of  the  court  and  bar  into  closer  and  more  intimate  per- 
sonal relations,  and  thereby  soften  down  the  asperities  of  practice  and  create  a  kinder 
and  more  courteous  bearing  and  consideration  of  each  toward  the  others.  Greater  at- 
tainments in  legal  knowledge  and  a  higher  standard  of  professional  ethics  should  be  the 
primary  object,  but  incidentally  there  might  be  the  promotion  of  social  enjoyment.  We 
assume  that  the  lawyer  who  is  faithful  to  his  clients,  attentive  to  his  practice,  and 
diligent  in  season  and  out  of  season,  has  the  right  to  a  day  for  himself  occasionally, 
when  he  may  throw  off  the  harness,  kick  off  his  clients,  and  let  himself  loose,  if  he 
chooses.  The  members  of  the  bar,  if  they  work  together  in  the  court  room,  have  the 
right  to  play  together,  if  they  desire  to. 

The  association  was  organized,  and  on  February  6,  1883,  duly  incorporated, 
with  the  following  officers  and  members:  Henry  Sherwood,  president;  Mortimer  F. 
Elliott,  vice-president;  Frederick  E.  Smith,  secretary;  Horace  B.  Packer,  treasurer, 
and  Henry  Allen,  E.  C.  Simpson  and  A.  S.  Brewster,  directors.  The  meetings  of 
the  association  are  held  in  the  library  room  at  the  court  house.  The  annual  dues 
are  $3.00,  the  fund  thus  derived  being  used  to  defray  expenses  and  purchase  books. 
The  library  is  well  supplied  with  standard  legal  works  and  court  reports,  and  is  being 
added  to  constantly. 

JOHN  ¥.  DONALDSON,  PEOTHONOTABY  AND  POLITICIAN. 

The  history  of  the  bench  and  bar  of  Tioga  county  would  be  incomplete  without 
appropriate  mention  of  John  F.  Donaldson,  so  long  connected  with  the  courts  in  an 
official  capacity.  He  was  born  in  Danville,  Pennsylvania,  in  1805;  learned  the 
printer's  trade  there;  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1837,  and  worked  in  the  office  of  the 
Phoenix  and  other  papers  for  several  years.  He  was  sent  to  Wellsboro  by  Tunison 
Coryell,  of  Williamsport  (who  was  then  publishing  the  Lycoming  Gazette),  in  re- 
sponse to  a  request  of  Judge  Morris,  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  and  others,  who,  having 
purchased  a  press  and  materials,  were  about  to  start  a  paper  in  the  place  of  the 
Pioneer,  and  wanted  a  competent  man  to  take  charge  of  it.  He  proved  a  faithful  and 
valuable  man. 

Joseph  Eitner  was  elected  governor  in  1835,  and  in  January,  1836,  he  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Donaldson  prothonotary  and  clerk  of  the  several  courts.  When  Gov- 
ernor Porter  came  into  office  he  removed  Donaldson  and  appointed  A.  S.  Brewster 
to  succeed  him.  But  under  the  Constitution  of  1838  the  office  had  been  made 
elective,  and  at  the  October  election  of  1839  Mr.  Donaldson  was  elected,  and  on 
the  first  of  December  he  entered  upon  hSs  duties,  and  continued  to  hold  the  office 
by  re-election  every  three  years  till  the  general  election  in  1873,  when  he  was  beaten 
by  Gen.  Eobert  C.  Cox. 


THE    BENCH    AND    BAB.  187 

Mr.  Donaldson,  it  will  be  seen,  held  the  office  one  term  by  appointment,  and 
was  elected  eleven  times,  making  thirty-six  years  of  service,  thirtj'-three  of  which 
were  in  one  unbroken  chain.  He  held  office,  therefore,  longer  than  any  other  man 
in  the  county  since  its  organization.  Counting  his  services  as  a  subordinate  clerk, 
he  was  for  more  than  fifty  years  identified  with  the  legal  history  of  the  county,  and 
on  account  of  his  obliging  and  genial  disposition,  his  memory  is  still  fondly  cher- 
ished by  those  who  were  brought  into  contact  with  him. 

Josiah  Emery,  who  knew  him  throughout  his  entire  official  career,  informs  us 
that  almost  every  other  man  holding  so  good  an  office  so  long  would  have  become 
rich.  But  he  succeeded  in  making  a  living,  and  that  was  all.  It  is  no  discredit  to 
his  memory  to  say  that  he  went  out  of  office  poor.  He  ought  to  have  become  rich. 
Let  us  see  if  we  can  tell  why  he  did  not. 

He  never  refused  to  enter  a  judgment  or  issue  a  process,  except  in  some  few 
extreme  cases,  because  the  fees  were  not  paid.  His  office  was  an  office  of  general 
credit.  Any  man  could  have  credit  for  fees  if  lie  asked  for  it.  It  was  the  same  with 
regard  to  state  taxes  on  writs,  or  entry  of  judgments — taxes  that  became  a  charge 
against  him  personally  as  soon  as  the  entry  was  made.  Tluse  fifty-cent  taxes  and 
these  bills  for  fees  were  individually  small,  and  individuals  who  were  accommodated 
by  the  credit  did  not  deem  them  ui  much  account,  and  many  of  them  forgot  to  pay 
— forgot,  may  be,  that  they  owed  tax  or  fee.  "They  are  not  much,  if  I  do  not  pay. 
I  have  done  him  a  good  many  favors,  have  electioneered  for  him,  have  helped  to  Lluct 
him,  and  I  don't  think  he  ex])oct8  me  to  pay,''  they  would  reason  with  themselves. 
He  had  thousands  of  such  fiiends;  and  it  is  true  they  did  electioneer  for  him,  helped 
elect  him,  and  it  may  be  that  it  was  by  an  interchange  of  these  little  favors  he  was 
kept  so  long  in  office. 

But  it  was  not  wholly  by  these  small  indindual  sums  that  he  lust.  There  were 
instances  where  fees  and  taxes  accumulated  until  they  became  large  in  amount,  with 
the  tacit  if  not  express  agreement  that  they  were  to  balance  certain  claims  against 
him,  which  understanding  was  repudiated  when  too  late  to  collect  on  his  part. 
Mr.  Donaldson  was  always  ready  to  accommodate  by  the  loan  of  small  sums  of 
money  which  he  could  never  reasonably  expect  to  be  paid.  It  is  believed  that  no  man 
ever  aaked  him  to  go  his  bail  or  to  endorse  for  him  that  was  refused.  The  fact  is,  he 
waa  always  everybody's  friend,  and  had  almost  everybody's  friendship  in  the  county, 
and  the  result  was  he  was  just  the  man  in  those  last  thirty-three  years  no  other  man 
in  the  county  could  beat,  either  by  a  nominating  convention  or  at  an  election. 

If  any  man  vnW  examine  the  docket  for  the  many  years  he  was  prothonotary 
and  take  an  account  of  unpaid  fees  and  taxes,  he  will  find  still  enough  unpaid  to 
have  made  the  voti'ian  comparativoly  rich  in  his  old  age  had  they  been  paid  up.  A 
lawyer  once  had  occasion  to  look  them  up  and  was  surprised  at  the  amount.  The 
auditor  jjt'iioral  had  stated  his  account  and  found  a  considerable  sum  due  from  him 
to  the  State.  Mr.  Donaldson  claimed  that  it  was  wrong  and  asked  for  a  re-state- 
ment. This  the  auditor  general  refused,  though  Mr.  Donaldson  produced  a  receipt 
for  some  $700  that  had  not  been  credited;  but  as  this  amount  had  been  paid  to  the 
attorney  general  of  the  State,  and  not  paid  over  by  him  to  the  treasurer,  the 
auditor  general  refused  to  allow  it,  though  admitting  that  it  was  rightfully  chargeable 
to  the  State,  alleging  that  to  credit  it  would  be  charging  it  to  the  treasurer,  who 


188  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


had  never  received  it.  A  full  statement  of  his  account,  including  unpaid  fees  and 
this  receipt  of  the  attorney  general,  was  made  out  and  shown  to  the  auditor  general. 
It  was  laid  before  the  legislature,  and  a  law  was  passed  ordering  a  re-settlement  of 
his  account;  and  when  it  was  so  settled  and  all  errors  corrected  and  proper  allow- 
ances made,  the  amount  found  due  was  promptly  paid. 

Prom  the  foregoing  statement  it  is  very  clear  that  Mr.  Donaldson  was  not  a  very 
good  business  man,  as  the  world  generally  understands  that  term,  however  good  an 
officer  he  may  have  been;  and  it  is  pretty  evident,  too,  that  the  course  he  pursued, 
showing  his  lack  of  business  qualifications,  helped  very  much  to  keep  him  for  so 
long  period  in  office. 

Mr.  Donaldson  had  at  times  been  a  very  zealous  temperance  man.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  "Sheep  Skin,"  an  association  that  caused,  for  a  time,  a  very 
large  falling  off  in  the  receipts  of  the  liquor  dealers.  At  that  time  the  temperance 
question  was  an  important  element  in  politics.  He  was  an  anti-Mason  in  Ritner's 
time,  always  at  heart  an  anti-slavery  man,  and  at  one  time  a  strong  anti-Wilmot 
man,  but  when  the  wave  was  at  its  height,  and  he  and  Judge  White  in  danger  of 
being  washed  out  to  sea,  they  both,  like  prudent  men,  deserted  their  own  craft,  went 
aboard  the  Wilmot  schooner  and  saved  their  political  lives. 

In  those  days  it  was  generally  conceded  that  Mr.  Donaldson  was  the  shrewdest 
political  manager  in  Tioga  county.  He  seemed  to  know,  by  a  kind  of  mental 
mathematical  calculation,  just  how  each  step  would  affect  the  final  result.  He 
knew,  too,  exactly  how  the  nomination  of  Mr.  B  or  Mr.  C  or  Mr.  D — one  or  all — 
would  accord  with  his  political  obligations,  having  in  view  all  the  while  the  main 
chance.  This  is  not  said  of  him  disparagingly.  His  occupancy  of  a  position  on  the 
bench  of  Tioga  county  afterwards  was  a  fit  recognition  of  his  services  as  the 
recording  officer  of  the  court  for  so  long  a  time.  He  continued  to  serve  as  associate 
judge  until  his  death,  which  occurred  very  unexpectedly,  February  12,  1880,  when 
he  had  reached  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-five  years.  Distinguished  throughout 
his  long  public  career  for  his  urbanity  and  generosity,  his  death  was  sincerely 
mourned  by  hundreds  of  old  friends  not  only  in  the  county  of  Tioga,  but  throughout 
northern  Pennsylvania. 


CHAPTEK  XIII. 

THE    MEDICAL    PEOFESSIOX. 

Introductory— Pioneer  Physicians— Their  Courageous  Devotion  to  Dltv— 
Brief  Sketches  op  Prominent  Physicians— The  First  Drug  Store— Sketch 
OF  Dr.  Robert  Roy,  its  Proprietor— "Brick"  Pomeroy's  Rpiminiscences- 
The  Tioga  County  Medical  Association. 


THE  family  physician,  in  the  exercise  of  his  duties  as  such,  ounu's  into  closer 
intimacy  with  his  fellowmen  than  does  the  member  of  any  other  profession.  There 
is  no  condition  of  life  in  which  his  services  are  not  required.  He  is  present  at  the 
natal  coucli  and  at  the  bed  of  death.  His  mission  is  to  cure  disease,  ease  pain  and 
alleviate  sufTering.  Confiding  no  less  in  his  honor  than  in  his  professional  skill,  we 
freely  admit  him  to  the  innermost  sanctuaries  of  our  homes,  and  make  hira  the  cus- 
todian of  secrets  and  the  repository  of  confidences  sucii  as  we  eommit  to  the  keeping 
of  no  one  else  outside  the  sacred  precincts  of  the  chunli.  These  lie  must  henceforth 
keep  locked  within  his  own  breast.  The  man  worthy  to  receive  such  confidences 
may  fall  short  of  being  the  most  skillful  of  physicians,  but  he  must  not,  even  in  the 
slightest  deforce,  fall  short  of  meeting  every  requirement  of  professional  honor. 
Whether  admitted  to  the  bedside  of  the  young  or  the  old,  the  jKior  or  the  ricli,  to  the 
hovel  or  the  mansion,  he  must  be  a  gentleman,  first,  last  and  all  the  time.  To  the 
honor  of  the  medical  profession  everywhere,  be  it  said  that  the  family  physician,  with 
rare  exceptions,  is  a  gentleman  with  a  high  standard  of  [U'rsonal  and  professional 
honor. 

The  pioneer  physician,  though  less  educated  and,  perhaps,  less  highly  polished 
than  his  brethren  of  to-day,  was,  nevertheless,  unselfish,  self-sacrificing  and  fearless 
in  his  devotion  to  his  professional  duties.  He  rode  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night, 
through  summer's  heat  and  winter's  cold,  over  roads  that  were  little  more  than  path- 
ways through  the  wilderness,  willingly  facing  dangers  and  enduring  personal 
discomforts,  sooner  than  fail  in  the  discharge  of  duty  or  forfeit  the  confidence  reposed 
in  him.  In  many  instances,  because  of  limited  knowledge  and  a  still  more  limited 
supply  of  simple  remedies,  he  was  compelled,  in  waging  an  unequal  war  against 
disease,  to  bring  his  common  sense  to  the  front,  and  make  it  do  service  in  constantly 
recurring  emergencies.  This  self-reliance  resulted  in  building  up  an  individuality, 
always  marked,  often  peculiar,  and  occasionally  eccentric.  He  learned  to  know  the 
people,  their  ailments  and  their  idiosyncrasies,  and  this  knowledge  had  not  a  little 
to  do  with  his  success  as  a  practitioner.  As  a  rule,  when  he  died  he  left  behind  him 
an  honorable  name  and  a  limited  estate  as  the  principal  heritage  of  his  descendants. 
The  physician  of  to-day  begins   practice  with   an   equipment  of  medical  and 


190  HISTOBT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

surgical  knowledge  such  as  it  was  impossible  to  obtain  three-quarters  of  a  century 
ago,  or  for  that  matter  less  than  a  decade  ago.  The  wonderful  discoveries  of  recent 
years,  as  to  the  cause  and  cure  of  disease,  are  the  world-wide  property  of  the  pro- 
fession, and  the  latest  graduate  from  a  reputable  medical  college  enters  the  field  of 
practical  effort  confident  in  his  ability,  so  far  as  knowledge  goes,  to  battle  success- 
fully with  the  most  insidious  and  complicated  ailments  and  diseases. 

Formerly  the  physician  contented  himself  with  dealing  with  diseases,  whether 
individual,  epidemic  or  contagious,  after  they  had  manifested  themselves.  In 
the  meantime  his  field  has  widened,  and  his  infiuence  grown  more  potent.  He  has 
become  the  conservator  of  public  health;  keeping  cholera  and  yellow  fever  from  our 
seaports;  preventing  the  spread  of  epidemic  and  contagious  diseases  and  confining 
them  to  the  locality  of  their  origin.  To  his  efforts  we  owe  our  boards  of  health, 
sanitary  laws  and  ordinances,  and  those  hygenie  rules,  that,  by  their  observance, 
tend  to  prevent  disease,  and  thus  dispense  with  his  services.  He  has,  in  his  medical 
societies  and  organizations,  by  rules  of  ethics,  adopted  for  his  own  guidance,  and 
by  the  passage  of  laws  enacted  at  his  solicitation,  raised  the  standard  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  shut  out,  from  an  opportunity  to  impose  upon  and  deceive  the  public, 
the  unprofessional  charlatan  and  quack. 

In  all  civilizations  the  physician  holds  a  leading  place.  Even  among  barbaric 
and  savage  peoples  he  is  a  most  important  personage.  The  secrets  of  physical  man 
are  his  and  the  ills  of  the  community  his  care.  His  warning  voice  is  constantly 
raised  against  excesses  and  his  mind  directed  toward  the  alleviation  of  suffering  in 
every  form.  His  profession  is,  indeed,  a  saving  one,  and  his  life  generally  one  of 
good  works. 

So  far  as  known.  Dr.  William  Kent  Lathy  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first 
regular  physician  to  visit  the  territory  of  Tioga  county.  He  was  a  young  English- 
man, a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Surgeons,  London,  and  came  to  Muncy  valley 
about  the  time  of  the  formation  of  Lycoming  county,  through  the  recommendation 
of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Eush,  of  Philadelphia.  Colonel  Williamson,  after  founding 
Bath,  made  an  effort  to  secure  him  as  a  resident  physician,  and  invited  him  to  visit 
the  place.  Dr.  Lathy  made  the  journey,  traveling  over  the  Williamson  road.  There 
were  a  few  settlers  at  what  are  now  the  boroughs  of  Tioga  and  Lawrenceville.  He 
did  not  remain  long  at  Bath,  but  returned  and  settled  at  Williamsport  in  1798,  and 
became  the  first  resident  physician  in  that  place.  Dr.  Lathy  was  acquainted  with 
the  Morris  and  Ellis  families,  and  afterwards  married  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Wallis, 
a  near  neighbor  of  the  latter. 

When  the  English  colony  settled  on  the  First  fork  of  Pine  creek,  in  Lycoming 
county,  about  1805,  their  nearest  physician  was  Dr.  James  Davidson,  who  lived  at 
the  mouth  of  Pine  creek.  He  was  a  distinguished  surgeon  in  the  Eevolutionaxy 
army,  and  was  mustered  out  in  1783.  He  soon  afterwards  located  at  the  mouth  of 
the  creek.  His  field  of  practice  extended  for  many  miles  up  and  down  the  river,  and 
far  into  the  southern  regions  of  what  became  Tioga  county,  until  the  settling  of  Dr. 
William  Willard  at  Tioga  in  1798.  It  is  also  likely  that  Dr.  Samuel  Coleman,  who 
succeeded  Dr.  Lathy  at  Williamsport,  about  1803,  and  remained  there  until  1808, 
made  professional  visits  to  the  infant  settlements  in  Delmar  and  at  Wellsboro.  His 
route  would  be  by  the  State  road  from  ISTawberry.     In  those  days  physicians  made 


THE    MEDICAL    PB0FE8SI0N.  191 


long  journeys  on  horseback,  with  saddle-bags  in  which  their  medicines  were  carried, 
the  roads  not  being  in  a  condition  for  wheeled  vehicles. 

The  first  physician  to  locate  in  the  county  was  Dr.  William  Willard.  He  was 
born  in  Lenox,  Massachusetts,  February  5,  1762;  married  ilary  Eathbone,  at  Troy, 
New  York,  October  13,  1791;  moved  thence  to  Middleton,  Eutland  county,  Ver- 
mont, in  the  winter  of  1793,  and  finally  to  Tioga,  in  February,  1T98.  Here  he  built 
a  square  log  house,  which  he  opened  as  a  tavern.  He  also  opened  a  store,  erected 
saw-mills  and  became  the  principal  citizen  and  business  man  of  the  village  which 
grew  up  about  him,  and  which,  until  after  his  death,  October  28,  1836,  bore  the 
name  of  "Willardsburg."  During  the  later  years  of  his  life  he  gave  his  attention 
principally  to  his  business  affairs.  He  was  the  first  postmaster  at  Tioga,  serving 
from  July  1, 1809,  to  April  1,  1815. 

Ralph  Kilbum,  a  brother  of  Judge  Ira  Kilburn,  and  a  bachelor,  settled  at 
Lawrencevillo  in  1802,  and  practieed  medieine  there  until  1810.  He  then  went  to 
live  with  his  sister  near  liochester,  New  York,  and  made  his  home  with  her  until  his 
death. 

Eddy  Howland,  who  settled  in  Deerileld  township  in  1803,  though  not  an 
educated  physician,  practiced  medicine  among  the  early  settlers  for  a  number  of 
years  with  rare  skill  and  success. 

Dr.  Simeon  Power  came  into  the  county  in  1805,  and  made  a  short  stay  at 
Lawrenceville.  He  then  went  to  Knoxville,  where  he  resided  until  180S,  when  he 
removed  to  Tioga,  then  the  principal  village  in  the  county.  In  1815  he  was  elected 
sherifl'  of  Tioga  county  and  served  three  years.  He  was  also  eleeted  an  associate 
judge  in  1851,  and  served  on  the  bench  five  years.  About  IS'^l  he  returned  to 
Lawrenceville,  where  he  continued  to  reside  and  practice  his  profession  until  his 
death,  December  19,  1863.  His  practice  extended  over  a  wide  area  and  he  was  one 
of  the  best  known  of  the  early  physicians. 

Dr.  riiny  Power,  a  brother  of  Dr.  Simeon  Power,  came  into  the  county  soon 
after  the  latter,  with  whom  he  lived  for  a  time.  About  18."2  he  located  at  Canoe 
Camp,  and  a  few  years  later  at  Tioga,  remaining  as  a  resident  physician  d  the  latter 
place  until  1835,  when  he  removed  to  Detroit,  llichipm,  where  he  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life. 

The  wife  of  Eeuben  Cook,  the  pioneer  of  Cowanosque  valley,  and  an  early 
settler  at  Osceola,  was  for  many  years  the  accoucheuse  of  that  section  of  the  county, 
and  OS  late  as  IHv'.'i  had  a  larf::er  obstetrical  practice  than  any  physician  in  the  valley. 
Siie  was  known  far  and  wide  as  "Granny  Cook,"  and  her  fee  was  invariably  one 
pound  of  tea. 

Jonathan  llonney,  a  one-lepu'ed  man,  was  in  DeerfieM  township  about  isll. 
He  came  from  Horscheads,  New  York,  and  was  a  practicing  physician.  Although 
he  made  several  removals  lie  never  got  beyond  the  reach  of  his  Deerfield  patrons. 
The  name  of  Jonathan  "Barney"  appears  in  a  printed  copy  of  the  census  list  of 
Tioga  county  for  1800.  If,  as  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose,  'Tiamey"  should  be 
"Bonney,"  this  pioneer  physician  was  in  the  county  before  1800.  He  is  desig- 
nated 08  a  "farmer"  on  the  census  list  of  that  year. 

Dr.  Adolphus  .Mhii.  wlio  came  in  1813,  was  the  first  regular  physician  to  locate 
at  Osceola.     He  remained  until  1816.     About  this  time  or,  perhaps,  earlier,  a  Dr. 


\Q2  HISTOBT   OF  TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Beard  located  in  Tioga,  but  remained  only  a  short  time.  Dr.  Stillman  Cannon 
located  in  Mansfield  in  1813  and  practiced  there  two  years.  The  name  of  "Hyram 
Cannon,  physician,"  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  Covington  township  for  1816, 
but  is  not  found  afterward.  In  1816,  also,  Peter  Paulkner's  name  appears  on 
the  assessment  list  of  Delmar  township.  He  practiced  a  year  or  two  in  Wellsboro, 
and  then  remoyed  to  one  of  the  western  states. 

The  first  physician  to  locate  permanently  in  Wellsboro  was  Dr.  Jeremiah 
Brown.  He  was  born  in  Vermont,  March  10,  1750,  studied  medicine  with  an  older 
brother,  and  for  several  years  practiced  his  profession  in  his  native  State.  His 
first  wife  having  died,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Ann  Porter.  About  1816  he  came  to 
"Wellsboro,  then  a  mere  hamlet.  The  surrounding  country  was  sparsely  settled  and 
physicians  frequently  had  to  make  long  journeys.  He  traveled  up  and  down  Pine 
creek,  oftentimes  answering  calls  as  far  away  as  Jersey  Shore.  Fevers  were  then  the 
prevailing  diseases  and  he  had  the  reputation  of  treating  them  very  successfully. 
Dr.  Brown  was  a  leading  man  in  those  days.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first 
board  of  trustees  of  the  academy  in  April,  1818,  and  re-elected  in  1819  and  1830. 
He  was  also  the  first  secretary  of  the  board,  serving  one  year.  He  built  a  good  house 
in  Wellsboro,  but  being  overtaken  by  adversity  he  failed  and  his  property  was  sold  on 
judgments  placed  in  the  hands  of  Ellis  Lewis,  then  a  rising  young  lawyer  of  the  place. 
He  was  a  very  careful  physician,  was  much  esteemed,  and  gave  very  general  satisfaction 
to  those  who  employed  him.  Mr.  Emery,  in  his  reminiscenses  of  early  times  in 
Wellsboro,  says:  "I  knew  him,  and  can,  with  all  others  who  were  acquainted  with 
him,  bear  testimony  to  his  worth." 

After  his  misfortune  he  retired  to  Pine  Creek,  now  Ansonia,  much  broken  down 
in  health,  where  he  died  of  consumption  March  13,  1831,  aged  eighty-one  years. 
He  left  one  son,  Dehaller,  born  in  Wellsboro  in  1817,  and  now  residing  in  Kansas; 
also  three  daughters,  viz:  Priseilla,  born  in  Wellsboro  in  1819,  who  married  Matthew . 
Carpenter,  and  resides  at  Horseheads,  ISTew  York;  Henrietta,  bom  in  1821,  who 
married  Col.  Lewis  G.  Huling*,  and  lives  in  Williamsport,  and  Sarah  Ann,  bom  in 
1833,  who  married  Philo  Catlin,  of  Cameron  county,  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Curtis  Parkhurst,  who  was  born  in  Marlborough  in  1794,  located  in  Law- 
renceville  in  1818  and  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  in  1837,  and  re-elected  in  1838.  In  1840  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga 
county,  and  appointed  an  associate  judge  in  1847. 

Dr.  John  B.  Murphey,  another  early  physician  of  Wellsboro,  was  bom  May  1, 
1791.  Upon  attaining  manhood  he  studied  medicine  with  an  elder  brother,  then 
residing  in  one  of  the  West  India  islands.  He  soon  afterward  came  to  the  United 
States.  On  December  9,  1819,  he  married  Cynthia  Taylor,  of  Troy,  and  came  to 
Wellsboro  about  1833.  Dr.  Murphey  evidently  was  an  active  and  progressive  man. 
He  opened  a  store  and  sold  dmgs,  and  the  court  records  show  that  on  May  19, 1838. 
he  was  granted  a  license  to  keep  a  public  house.  It  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Coles  House.  While  conducting  these  different  branches  of  business  he  did  not 
neglect  his  profession,  but  was  always  busy  attending  to  the  wants  of  the  sick.    He 

*  The  dates  and  facts  relating  to  Dr.  Brown  were  obtained  from  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Huling,  of  Williamsport. 
She  is  quite  confident  her  father  was  the  first  resident  physician  in  Wellsboro. 


THE     MEDICAL     PBOFESSIOX.  193 

died  about  1833  or  183-i.     Some  of  his  descendants,  of  whom  Mrs.  Williston  is  one, 
reside  in  Wellsboro. 

Dr.  Oliver  Treat  Bundy  was  bom  January  31, 1801,  in  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  the 
eldest  of  ten  children.  About  1807  the  family  removed  to  Oxford,  Chenango  county. 
New  York,  and  settled.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  commenced  studying  medi- 
cine, and  on  January  30,  1826,  he  was  licensed  to  practice,  and  settled  in  Wellsboro, 
where  he  followed  his  profession  four  years.  During  his  residence  here  he  married 
Lydia  Smith.  About  1830  Dr.  Bundy  removed  to  Windsor,  Broome  county.  New 
York,  where  he  attained  prominence  in  his  profession.  He  became  the  chief  founder 
of  Windsor  Academy,  and  died  at  Deposit,  Broome  county,  January  9,  1874,  having 
almost  reached  the  mature  age  of  seventy-three  years. 

Dr.  Ezra  Wood  was  the  pioneer  physician  of  Rutland  township,  where  he  settled 
about  1833  and  practiced  his  profession  until  his  death  in  1829.  His  practice  ex- 
tended also  into  Jackson  and  Sullivan  townships.  Dr.  Dexter  Parkhurst,  a  brother 
of  the  late  Joel  I'arkhurst,  of  Elkland,  located  in  Mansfield  in  1821,  remaining  until 
1830,  when  he  removed  to  Mainesburg,  where  he  continued  to  practice  until  his  death 
in  1866. 

Dr.  Allen  Frazer,  Jr.,  the  son  of  a  pioneer  of  Chatham  township,  was  born  in 
Westernville,  New  York,  in  1798.  He  graduated  at  Utica,  New  York,  January  13, 
1823,  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of  the  University  of  New  York. 
In  1825  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Dn  rfield  township,  continuing  until 
his  death  in  1872..  He  was  the  first  one  to  su,::r^L'st,  and  the  chief  promoter  of,  the 
movement  resulting  in  the  establishment  of  I'lnon  Acaduniy,  at  .Viiulimy  Comers. 
In  1834  he  was  commissioned  surgeon  of  the  Ono  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Uv/i- 
ment  Pennsylvania  llilitia.  He  was  also  one  of  the  early  justices  of  the  peace  of 
Deerfield  township. 

Dr.  Hibbard  Bonney  settled  in  Brookfield  township  in  1825  and  practiced  several 
years.  Dr.  Ethan  B.  Baoon  was  another  early  physician  of  this  township.  Dr.  John 
Stineliofer  practiced  in  Liberty  from  1825  to  1828.  Dr.  D.  H.  Roberts  was  engaged 
in  practice  in  Tioga  in  182G.  He  appears  to  have  remained  but  a  short  time.  Dr. 
Riciinrd  B.  Hughes  practiced  in  Liberty  from  1828  to  1842. 

Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.,  a  native  of  ^'e^mont,  a  graduate  of  Woodstock  Acad- 
emy and  of  the  classical  and  medical  department  of  Dartmouth  University,  came 
from  his  native  State  to  Wellsboro  in  1829  and  practiced  there  until  1831,  when  he 
removed  to  Lawronceville.  Here  he  continued  in  practice  imtil  his  death,  .July 
15,  1882.  Dr.  Harvey  Lyman  located  in  ilainesburg  about  1830,  making  a 
brief  stay.  About  1829  or  1830  Dr.  Hiram  B.  Roberts  settled  at  Daggett's  Mills 
and  pnutieed  mi-dieine,  in  connection  with  other  business,  for  a  number  of  years. 
Ephraim  Fuller  located  in  Knoxville  in  1830  and  practiced  one  year.  It  was  about 
1830  that  Scth  John  Porter,  a  jiliysician  and  a  Congregational ist  minister,  located  in 
Elklnnd,  where  lie  organized  a  church.  He  remained  until  1833  and  combined  the 
practice  of  medicine  with  preaching.  .About  1830,  also.  Dr.  Burton  Strecter  began 
tlie  practice  of  medicine  at  Westficld,  continuing  for  a  number  of  years. 

Dr.  Otis  L.  Cilisoii  was  a  native  of  Croydon,  New  Hampshire,  where  he  was  bom 
in  1807.      He  graduated  from  the  \'crmont  Si  liool  of  Medicine  in  1831  and  came 

18 


194  HISTOHY    or    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

immediately  to  Wellsboro  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.     Just  before 
leaving  New  England  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emmeline  B.  Parsons,  a  daughter  of 
Capt.  Luke  Parsons,  of  Woodstock,  Vermont,  who  afterwards  removed  to  Wellsboro 
and  died  there.      Dr.  Gibson  was  one  of  the  men  who  exercised  an  influence  for 
good  on  society  in  Wellsboro  and  vicinity.     He  was  one  of  the  material  promoters 
of  a  higher  tone  of  thought  and  action,  and  was  rather  a  model  man  in  those  times. 
He  neither  dranlc  liquor,  played  cards,  or  used  profane  language,  and  had  fewer  bad 
habits  than  most  people  of  his  age  and  station.     Colonel  Kimball,  the  hotel  keeper, 
once  remarked  that  he  thought  the  Doctor  would  add  greatly  to  his  popularity  if  he 
would  unbend  a  little,  take  a  drink  once  in  a  while  with  the  boys,  and  not  be  so  "stiff 
and  particular."     Mrs.  Gibson  was  very  much  like  her  husband — a  staid,  matronly 
and  non-gossiping  woman,  whom  everybody  respected.      They  were  both  Episco- 
palians while  in  Wellsboro,  having  been  brought  up  in  that   faith  in  their  native 
State.     When  Dr.  Gibson  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Wellsboro  he 
belonged  to  what  was  called  "the  heroic  school."     He  gave  medicine  in  large  doses, 
dealt  out  calomel  profusely,  physicked,  bled  and  puked  his  patients  without  any 
compunctions  of  conscience.     That  was  then  the  popular  and  approved  system;  and 
although  he  used  the  heroic  treatment,  he  was  quite  a  successful  practitioner.    He  was 
careful,  prudent  and  watchful,  had  a  discerning  mind  and  an  excellent  judgment,, 
and  generally  knew  exactly  the  moment  to  commence  the  building  up  process.     Dr. 
Gibson  also  added  materially  to  the  wealth  of  Wellsboro.      He  built  a  number  of 
houses  on  Covington  street,  which  were  just  right  for  the  purposes  intended — 
cheap  residences  for  small  families.     He  also  built  one  or  two  other  houses  which 
were  larger  and  better.      In  all  praiseworthy  undertakings  he  did  his  part,  and 
was  a  liberal   contributor  to  his   church.      Dr.   Gibson  had  two   sons   and  two 
daughters.      His  eldest  daughter  became  the  wife  of  a  Congregational  minister 
in  Connecticut,  and  the  other  the  wife  of  a  business  man  in  North  Carolina.     Lewis 
W.,  his  eldest  son,  became  rector  of  Christ  Church  in  Dover,  Delaware;  Otis,  the 
other  son,  studied  medicine  and  settled  in  Minnesota.     For  nearly  ten  years  before 
his  death  Dr.  Gibson  was  a  confirmed  invalid.     He  died  July  31,  1863,  and  his  wife 
May  6,  1865. 

Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  settled  in  Blossburg  in  1831.  In 
addition  to  pursuing  the  practice  of  medicine,  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and 
lumber  business,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  movement  that  led  to  the 
development  of  the  Blossburg  coal  field  and  the  building  of  the  Coming  and  Bloss- 
burg railroad.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  an  early  president  of  the  Arbon 
Coal  Company.     He  died  in  Blossburg  about  1856. 

Dr.  Thomas  T.  Huston  settled  at  Tioga,  then  known  as  Willardsburg,  in  1831. 
He  was  born  in  Carlisle  in  1793,  and  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College  about 
1820,  among  his  classmates  being  Eobert  J.  Walker  and  Gen.  James  Irvin.  After 
leaving  college  he  spent  four  years  in  the  study  of  medicine  and  graduated  from  the 
Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  Philadelphia.  He  then  spent  a  short  time  with  his 
parents  in  Williamsport,  when  he  came  to  Tioga.  He  was  attracted  thither  through 
the  influence  of  his  elder  brother  (then  twenty-three  years  his  senior)  who  afterwards 
became  the  celebrated  Judge  Charles  Huston  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Judge  Huston 
then  owned  large  tracks  of  wild  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Tioga.  Dr.  Huston, 
however,  did  not  remain  long  here.     He  left  in  the  fall  of  1833  and  located  at  Tioga 


THE    MEDICAL    PB0FES8I0N.  195 

Point  (now  Athens),  because  he  married  his  wife  there,  and  there  he  lived  and  prac- 
ticed medicine  over  thirty  years,  dying  iJay  14, 1865. 

Allen  Furman,  a  pioneer  settler  in  Gaines,  practiced  medicine  in  that  township 
for  a  number  of  years.  Elisha  B.  Benedict,  a  physician  and  minister,  located  in  Elk- 
land  in  1831  and  practiced  medicine  there  until  his  death  in  1872.  Harmon  White- 
head practiced  medicine  in  Covington  during  1831  and  1832  and  later  in  Mansfield. 
Dr.  Thaddeus  Phelps  practiced  in  Knoxville  from  1832  to  1834.  In  1832  Dr.  Francis 
H.  White  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Koseville.  He  afterwards  practiced  at 
different  times  in  Mansfield  and  other  places,  but  returned  again  to  Eoseville,  where 
he  continued  to  practice  until  a  few  years  before  his  death  in  1885.  He  attained  the 
remarkable  age  of  106  years. 

Dr.  Jlilton  P.  Orton  was  born  in  Sharon,  Connecticut,  in  179.J.  He  grad- 
uated from  the  classical  and  medical  departments  of  Yale  ('(iUchtc,  and  in  1834  came 
to  Tioga  county,  locating  at  Lawrenceville,  where  he  practiced  for  nearly  thirty 
years.  He  died  in  1864,  while  surgeon  in  charge  at  Hatteras  Inlet.  Dr.  Cyrus  Pratt, 
editor  of  the  Tioga  Democrat,  located  in  Tioga  in  ISIJ.").  During  the  three  years  he 
remained  he  paid  more  attention  to  his  paper  than  to  his  profession.  ]>r.  Cieorfre 
Spratt  located  in  Covington  in  1835  and  continued  in  practice  there  for  a  number 
of  years. 

In  1835  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris  located  in  Hlossburg,  coming  from  Philadelphia, 
where  he  was  born  in  1809.  He  appears  to  have  devoted  himself  to  business  enter- 
prises rather  than  the  practice  of  medicine,  until  after  his  removal  to  Mansfield  in 
1842,  where  he  remained  until  1846,  wlien  he  removed  to  Wellsboro.  In  1854  he 
returned  to  Mansfield,  and  durinj^  the  remainder  of  his  life  devoted  himself  to  his 
real  estate  interests  and  to  the  practice  of  nicdiciine.  He  died  December  17,  IH'J2, 
aged  nearly  eighty-four  years.  Dr.  Levi  Rose  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Miiinesburg  in  1835,  continuing  a  few  years.  From  1835  until  1837,  Dr.  lienjamin  C. 
Morris  practiced  in  Liberty.  In  1836  Dr.  Abel  Humphrey,  a  native  of  Preston, 
Chenango  county.  New  York,  located  in  Tioga,  continuing  in  practice  for  about 
fifty  years,  when  ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire.  From  1836  to  1846  Dr.  F.  W. 
Krause  practiced  in  Liberty,  in  which  place,  also,  I>r.  Jacob  Raker,  Jr.,  located  in 
1838  and  practiced  until  his  death  in  1842.  Dr.  Harvey  Leach  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  Chatham  township  in  1836  or  1837  and  continued  down  to  his  death 
in  1868.  His  practice  extended  over  a  wide  area  and  hr  was  one  of  the  noted  physi- 
cians of  the  early  days.  In  1838  Dr.  II.  G.  Smytiie  located  in  Mansfield  and  pursiied 
the  practice  of  hia  profession  there  for  many  years.  Richard  I.  Jmas  practiced  in 
Knoxville  from  1837  to  1840. 

In  1840  Dr.  Albert  M.  Loop  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Xelson.  where 
he  still  resides  and  pursues  his  profession.  He  is  now  the  oldest  living  physician  in 
the  county,  and  the  longest  in  practice.  He  was  bom  in  Elmira,  Xew  York,  Sep- 
tember 12,  181<;,  and  has  been  a  resident  physician  of  Xelson  since  18  to,  excepting 
during  two  years — from  1851  to  185(1 — spent  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 

Dr.  Nelson  I'ncker  came  to  Wellsboro  in  18.'i8  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
medicine  and  sur^'cry.  He  was  bom  Decemlier  S,  lsi4.  at  Xorwich,  Chenango 
county,  Xew  York,  and  was  educated  at  Oxford  .\cademy.  .\fter  leaving  school  he 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Kenry  MitciicU,  of  Norwich,  and  was  graduated  from  the 


196  niSTOET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Geneva  Medical  College  in  1838.  Capt.  James  Packer,  father  of  the  Doctor,  was  an 
old  resident  of  Norwich,  where  he  had  settled  early  in  the  century.  His  ancestors 
came  from  Connecticut,  and  they  were  relatives  of  the  family  of  Hon.  Asa  Packer, 
late  of  Mauch  Chunk,  Pennsylvania. 

When  Dr.  Packer  came  to  Wellsboro,  Dr.  Otis  L.  Gibson  was  the  leading  physi- 
cian, but  as  the  population  of  the  town  and  country  were  increasing,  the  assistance 
of  another  practitioner  was  required.  From  the  start  Dr.  Packer  was  kindly  re- 
ceived and  through  the  passing  years  built  up  a  good  practice.  In  1847  he  was 
stricken  with  a  severe  illness,  which  threatened  to  develop  into  pulmonary  con- 
sumption. He  became  so  prostrated  with  weakness  that  his  friends  almost  despaired 
of  his  recovery.  His  brother  came  from  Norwich  to  look  after  him,  and,  seeing 
his  condition,  decided  to  take  him  home.  It  was  in  the  midst  of  winter  and  a  deep 
snow  was  on  the  ground.  A  sleigh  was  procured,  a  comfortable  bed  made  therein, 
and  the  patient  placed  in  it.  By  easy  stages  the  Journey  was  made  and  on  Christmas 
Eve  they  reached  home,  but  the  Doctor  was  very  ill  and  weak.  His  illness  proved 
severe  and  he  did  not  fully  recover  before  the  following  June. 

With  restored  health  Dr.  Packer  returned  to  Wellsboro  in  the  summer  of  1848 
and  resumed  his  practice.  His  health  continued  good  and  he  rapidly  built  up  an  ex- 
cellent reputation  for  skill  and  success  in  his  profession.  He  became  known  as  the 
principal  surgeon  in  the  town  and  he  was  called  to  attend  all  critical  cases  in  the 
borough  and  surrounding  country. 

Dr.  Packer  was  an  ardent  Eepublican  and  always  took  a  commendable  interest 
in  public  affairs.  He  was  intensely  loyal  and  patriotic,  and  throughout  the  dark 
days  of  Civil  strife  gave  an  unswerving  support  to  the  government.  In  1862  he  en- 
tered the  service  as  assistant  surgeon  and  was  stationed  at  Chesapeake  Hospital, 
near  Portress  Monroe.  When  the  army  lay  at  Harrison  Landing,  he  was  ordered 
there,  and  acted  as  surgeon  of  a  New  York  regiment.  He  was  soon  after  prostrated 
by  malarial  fever  and  jaundice  and  was  obliged  to  retire  from  active  duty.  He 
reached  home  with  difficulty,  and  so  severe  did  his  sickness  prove  that  he  did  not  fully 
recover  for  several  months. 

In  1864  Dr.  Packer  was  appointed  United  States  examining  surgeon  for  Wells- 
boro, and  when  many  years  later  the  medical  board  was  organized,  he  became  its 
president,  and  filled  the  position  with  satisfaction  to  all  and  credit  to  himself.  He 
was  noted  for  sociability  and  geniality  of  temperament,  and  was  a  favorite  with  all 
who  enjoyed  his  acquaintance.  Cultured  and  refined,  he  was  at  home  in  the  sick 
room,  and  his  presence  inspired  confidence  and  hope.  He  died  February  8,  1883,  on 
the  same  day  of  the  month  in  which  he  was  born,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year.  His  loss 
was  greatly  lamented  by  the  community,  and  all  felt  that  their  best  friend  and  bene- 
factor had  been  taken  from  them. 

On  the  15th  of  January,  1849,  Dr.  Packer  married  Miss  Mary  McDougall,  of 
Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county.  Her  ancestors  were  residents  of  New  York  City,  and 
her  parents  were  early  settlers  at  Lawrenceville.  The  union  was  blessed  with  two 
sons.  The  eldest,  James  M.,  was  born  November  6, 1849,  and  died  January  1,  1869. 
The  second,  Hon.  Horace  B.  Packer,  resides  with  his  widowed  mother  in  Wellsboro. 
He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  and  politician,  and  his  sketch  will  be  found  in  the  chapter 
devoted  to  the  "Bench  and  Bar." 


THE    MEDICAL    PB0FES8I0N.  I97 


Dr.  Packer  was  progressive  as  a  physician  and  surgeon.     It  was  principally 
through  his  efforts  that  the  Tioga  County  Medical  Society  was  organized,  in  1860, 
and  he  served  as  one  of  its  presidents.    When  the  war  broke  out  the  organization  was 
not  kept  up.    On  the  restoration  of  peace,  however,  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in 
having  it  revived,  and  was  active  in  promoting  its  interests  until  the  close  of  his  life. 
Dr.  David  S.  Roblyer  practiced  medicine  in  Roseville  from  1841  to  1844  and  then 
removed  to  Mainesburg,  where  he  remained  until  1850.     Dr.  Ralph  I.  Shepherd 
practiced  at  Daggett's  Mills  from  1841  to  1843;    Dr.  Orson  Grcfrory  at  Roseville 
during  1843  and  1844,  and  Dr.  D.  N.  Hunt  at  Roseville  from  184.5  to  1850.    Dr. 
William  B.  Rich  was  a  practicing  physician  in  Knoxville  from  1843  to  1873.     In 
1843  Dr.  Robert  H.  Archer  located  in  Wellsboro  and  practiced  there  until  184T. 
He  afterwards  practiced  for  several  years  in  ilorris  township.    In  1845  Dr.  Daniel 
McNaughton  located  in  Westfield  and  continued  to  praciicu  medicine  there  until 
his  death  in  1883.    He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Westfield  in  1861,  which  position 
he  filled  until  the  fall  of  1871,  when  he  was  ekctc-il  associate  judge  and  rfsij,Tied  as 
postmaster.      Dr.  T'ledurick  Reinwald  practiced  medicine  in  l.iliirty  from  1M">  to 
1847,  when  he  was  killed  by  a  panther,  and  iJr.  L.  K.  (iarfield  from  1817  to  l.s.")(;. 
Dr.  Joel  Rose  was  a  practicing  physician  in  Roseville  from  1846  to  18113.     Dr.  II.  H. 
Borden  came  from  Steiiben  county,  New  York,  in  1842  and  located  in  Tioga.     .Vfter 
studying  with  Dr.  Abel  Humphrey  he  began  practice  in  1847,  continuing  until  his 
death  in  1894. 

Dr.  Charles  V.  Elliott,  a  native  of  Sheshefluin,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Mansfield  in  1817.  In  lS.">t;  he  removed  to  Hudson, 
Wisconsin,  and  remained  until  1859,  when  he  returned  to  iliinsfield,  resumed  prac- 
tice and  also  opened  a  drug  store,  which  he  carried  on  in  connection  therewith  until 
1891,  since  wliieli  time  he  has  been  living  retired.  In  1847  Dr.  Nathaniel  Smith, 
who  is  still  in  netive  practice,  located  in  Jlillerton.  He  i,-;  a  native  of  Halifax,  Wind- 
ham county,  Vermont,  where  lie  was  born  January  i:).  182.'!. 

Dr.  Charles  K.  Thompson  was  born  in  Charleston  to^vnship  April  2'2,  1821,  and 
died  in  Wellsboro  September  11,  1888.  He  studied  medicine  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  Otis  ],.  Gibson  and  graduated  from  the  Geneva  Medical  College  in  IS  16.  In 
184'<'  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Gibson  and  settled  down  to  practice  his  profession.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  Dr.  Thompson  entered  the  uriny  as  a  surgeon  and 
saw  much  service.  AMien  peace  was  restored  he  was  retained  in  the  service  and  sta- 
tioned for  some  time,  in  connection  with  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  at  Kilisto,  South 
("nrolinn.  On  leaving  the  I'nited  States  service  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  and,  ex- 
cepting one  year  spent  at  Fall  Brook,  as  resident  physician  for  the  Fall  Brook  Coal 
Company,  lie  resided  forty  years  in  Wellsboro.  In  the  fall  of  1882  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  three  physicians  composinp  the  board  of  jiension  examiners,  which  oflSce 
ho  still  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  left  one  son,  Charles  0.  Thompson,  of 
Rochester,  New  York,  and  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Emma  Snuter,  of  Williamsport. 

Dr.  Henry  Kilbourn  was  born  in  Shrewsbury.  Vermont,  in  1803.  and  graduated 
from  the  Vermont  Academy  of  Medicine,  Febrxiary  10,  1838.  In  1840  he  came  to 
Tioga  county  ami  located  in  Covin;,'ton,  and  for  over  forty-five  year-  practiced  in 
that  place  and  Blossburg.  residing  at  different  times  in  each  place.  He  attained  a 
wide  reputation  not  only  as  a  skillful  and  successful  physician,  but  a-  an  eccentric 


198  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


character  and  an  inimitable  story  teller.  Dr.  Coburn  located  in  Gaines  in  1848 
and  practiced  there  several  years. 

Dr.  William  T.  Humphrey  was  born  in  Bainbridge,  Chenango  county,  New 
York,  December  22,  1824.  In  the  spring  of  1848  he  graduated  from  the  Albany 
Medical  College.  From  June,  1848,  to  January,  1849,  he  practiced  in  Addison,  New 
York,  and  then  removed  to  Elkland,  Pennsylvania.  Here  he  practiced  until  1857, 
when  he  removed  to  Osceola,  where  he  still  resides  and  pursues  his  profession.  Dr. 
Ira  B.  Poote,  the  pioneer  homeopathic  physician  of  the  county,  practiced  in  Wells- 
boro  from  1849  to  1851.  In  1850  Dr.  W.  W.  Wright  began  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Elkland,  where  he  still  resides  and  pursues  his  profession.  He  was  bom  in  Cairo, 
Green  county.  New  York,  March  31, 1830,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county 
in  1844,  settling  in  Farmington.  In  1848  he  began  reading  medicine  with  Dr. 
Nelson  Packer,  of  Wellsboro;  attended  lectures  at  Geneva  Medical  College,  Geneva, 
New  York,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1849-50.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being 
a  successful  physician  and  a  skillful  surgeon.  John  C.  Bastian  located  in  Liberty  in 
1850  and  practiced  there  until  1853. 

Dr.  Jerome  B.  Knapp  located  in  Knoxville  in  1851  and  practiced  there  until 
1854.  Dr.  William  F.  Weseman  began  practice  in  Liberty  in  1851  and  continued 
up  to  a  recent  date,  when  he  retired.  In  1852  Dr.  William  M.  Barden,  the  first 
homeopathic  physician  in  the  Tioga  valley,  settled  in  Mansfield,  where  he  built  up 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  died  September  30,  1884.  Dr.  J.  H.  Shearer,  a 
native  of  Delaware  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  War,  gradu- 
ated from  what  is  now  Hahnemann  College,  Philadelphia,  in  the  spring  of  1852,  and 
practiced  in  Wellsboro  imtil  1855,  when  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Illinois.  In 
1859  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession.  Dr. 
Henry  C.  Bosworth,  a  native  of  Vernon,  New  York,  where  he  was  born  March  8, 1811, 
graduated  from  Geneva  Medical  College  in  1837,  and  practiced  at  Smithfield,  Brad- 
ford county,  until  1850,  when  he  removed  to  Deerfield,  Tioga  county,  and  engaged 
in  farming  and  merchandising,  as  well  as  the  practice  of  medicine,  until  his  death 
at  Osceola,  December  5,  1870.  Dr.  Ira  W.  Bellows  practiced  medicine  in  Knoxville 
from  1854  to  1870,  since  which  time  he  has  resided  on  his  farm  in  Deerfield  township. 

Dr.  Wellington  W.  Webb,  a  native  of  Chenango  county,  New  York,  received 
his  medical  education  in  Geneva  Medical  College,  BufEalo  Medical  College  and  Cas- 
tleton  Medical  College.  In  1854  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Liberty  and 
continued  until  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Wellsboro  and  there  practiced  until  his 
death  in  1889.  Dr.  William  W.  Day  located  in  Osceola  in  1855  and  continued  in 
practic  there  until  1867.  Charles  Voorhees  began  practice  at  Daggett's  Mills  in  1855 
and  continued  until  his  death  a  few  years  ago.  In  1856  Dr.  E.  S.  Eobbins  located  in 
Covington,  where  for  the  past  thirty  years  he  has  practiced  his  profession.  Luther 
W.  Johnson,  who  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  May  4,  1833,  graduated  from  the  State 
University  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  in  185C,  and  in  1857  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Liberty,  continuing  there  until  1883,  when  he  removed  to  Blossburg. 
Here  he  practiced  with  marked  success  until  his  death  June  29,  1896. 

Dr.  George  D.  Maine,  a  son  of  the  pioneer,  John  Maine,  was  bom  in  Maines- 
burg,  Sullivan  township,  July  24,  1826.  He  graduated  from  the  medieal  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  BufEalo  in  1856,  and  one  year  later  located  in  Mainesburg, 


THE.  MEDICAL    PHOFESSIOX.  199 


where  he  has  since  resided  and  practiced  his  profession,  with  the  exception  of  the 
time  he  was  in  the  army.  Dr.  L.  M.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Steuben  county.  New  York, 
located  in  Wellsboro  about  1858  and  practiced  his  profession  with  skill  and  success 
up  to  a  few  years  a<,'(>,  when  he  retired  to  his  farm.  He  has  lately  resumed  practice, 
and  is  now  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Henry  Kilhoum,  Jr.,  a  son  of  Dr.  Henrj'  Kil- 
boum,  of  Covington,  practiced  in  that  borough  from  1859  until  his  death  in  1 S88. 

Dr.  James  ]\Iasten  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1849.  Dr.  ilasten  was  bom 
in  Penn  Yan,  New  York,  Jlay  26,  1827.  He  read  medicine  with  Drs.  A.  F.  6c  W. 
Oliver,  of  that  place,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  Buffalo  Medical  College.  From 
1849  to  18G0  he  practiced  at  White's  Corners,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  since 
which  time  he  has  resided  and  practiced  in  Westfield.  He  has  nut  only  achieved 
success  in  his  profession,  but  is  recognized  as  a  prominent  and  progressive  citizen. 

Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  .Ir.,  was  born  in  Lawrenceville,  Uctubur  19,  1640,  studied 
medicine  under  his  father  and  attended  the  Medical  College  of  Washington, 
D  C  for  one  year.  He  then  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  service 
as  an  army  surgeon,  remaining  nnlil  the  el,.se  of  the  war,  after  whieh  he  heeanie  a 
student  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann  \yhuv,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
lK(i(;  After  practicing  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  a  few  months,  he  returned  to  Lawrence- 
ville, where  he  is  still  in  uelive  p.aetiee.  From  LSIil  to  ISHO  Dr.  .T.  K.  Cleveland 
practiced  medicine  in  ()K(l>nsl.M,g.  In  18(i2  Dr.  John  M.  Tmnlen,  a  son  of  l)r. 
William  iM.  Barden,  the  pioneer  homeopathic  physician,  began  i.raetite  m  i;o>eMlle. 
continuing  until  1881,  when  he  remove.l  to  Manslicl.l,  where  lie  practic-.l  until  is;i.,, 
when  he  again  took  up  his  residence  at  HoseviUe.  Ho  still  attend.'*  to  his  patients  in 
Mansfield  and  vicinity. 

Dr.  ]\lorgan  L.  Bacon  was  born  in  Ciiarlcston  township  June  I'.i,  1837.  He 
graduated  from  Union  Aeadeniy,  at  .Veademy  Corners,  in  IS.-,  and  after  teaehing 
a  short  time  began  the  study  of  medieine  under  Dr.  Nelson  I'aeker,  of  Wellsboro, 
continuing  until  18(11,  when  he  cnti'red  the  serviee  as  a  hos|)ital  steward.  In  1K63 
he  liegan  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Mansfield,  remaining  there  five  years.  From 
lS(iH  to  1870  he  practiced  in  Blosslmrg  an<l  from  ISTO  to  1S72  in  ^lorris  Hun.  In 
the  latter  year  he  removed  to  AVellsbort>,  where  for  twenty-five  years  he  has  continued 
in  the  aetive  duties  of  his  profession.  He  is  known  as  an  educated,  skillful  and  sue- 
I'essful  i.hysieiaii.  Dr.  William  Blackwell,  a  grandson  of  the  pioneer,  Enoch  Black- 
well,  has  i.een  eiu'ai^'ed  in  the  j.nutiee  of  medicine  at  Blackwells  since  lS(i5.  Dr. 
Nelson  Ingram,  a  native  of  Ulster  county.  New  York,  graduated  from  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Medical  College.  New  York,  March  1,  IStl."..  He  practiced  medicine  and  car- 
rie<l  on  a  drug  store  in  I'.iossburg  for  a  number  of  years.  John  S.  Fitch  practircd 
at  Stony  Fork  from  180.".  to  1870.  Dr.  Adclbert  .1.  Heggie  practiced  in  Oseeola 
from  ISCC  to  his  death  in  ISSCi. 

Dr.  Robert  B.  Smith,  a  native  of  Marathon.  Cortland  county.  New  York,  where 
he  was  liorn  August  -':!.  IS  Id.  read  medicine  under  Dr.  H.  S.  French,  of  Li-le,  New 
York,  and  graduated  from  Long  Island  College  Ilosj.ital  in  ISCii,  in  which  year  he 
removed  to  Tioga,  where  he  has  since  praetieed  with  marked  >ueres-.  He  wa.s  for 
three  years  president  of  the  Tioga  C<uinty  Board  of  Pen^ion  Kxaminers,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  known  physicians  in  the  eounty.  Dr.  Daniel  Bae.m.  a  native  .,f  Delmar 
townshii).  a  son  of  Oliver  Baeon  and  a  grandson  of  the  pioneer.  Daniil  Harvey  Baeon, 


200  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   C0U2JTT. 


graduated  from  the  University  of  Buifalo  in  1860  and  practiced  medicine  in  Wells- 
boro  until  his  death  in  December,  1888.  Dr.  H.  A.  Phillips  located  in  Knoxville 
in  1867  and  practiced  until  his  death  in  1877.  Dr.  0.  P.  Barden,  homeopathist,  a 
son  of  Dr.  William  M.  Barden,  practiced  in  Mansfield  and  Tioga  from  1868  to  1892, 
in  which  year  he  died  in  Tioga.  Dr.  Alston  J.  Cole  located  in  Mansfield  in  1868  and 
practiced  there  nearly  twenty  years.  Dr.  William  Caldwell,  a  native  of  Ireland, 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Dublin  in  1848.  About  1867  he  located  in  "Morris 
Eun,  as  the  physician  of  the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Company,  and  practiced  there  until 
1891.  Dr.  H.  Boyer  located  in  Gaines  Ln  1869  and  practiced  for  several  years. 
Dr.  John  Caldwell  located  in  Arnot  in  1870  and  practiced  there  a  few  years.  In 
November,  1870,  Dr.  D.  C.  Waters  also  located  in  Amot,  where  he  is  still  a  resident 
physician,  his  practice  being  confined  almost  exclusively  to  miners  and  other  em- 
ployes of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company  and  their  families. 

Although  the  foregoing  is  not  a  complete  list  of  all  the  physicians  who  practiced 
in  the  county  form  1798,  the  year  in  which  Dr.  William  Willard  settled  at  Tioga,  until 
1870,  it  includes  those  most  prominently  identified  with  the  profession.  Many 
early  physicians  made  but  a  transient  stay,  and  it  has  been  impossible  to  secure 
definite  data  concerning  them.  Others  after  practicing  a  number  of  years  left  the 
county,  while  still  others  drifted  into  farming  or  into  business  and  gave  up  practicing 
entirely.  Since  1870  the  records  show  that  nearly  150  physicians  have  been  licensed 
in  the  county,  many  of  whom  made  but  a  brief  stay,  while  others  taking  the  places 
of  deceased  or  retired  physicians  have  built  up  for  themselves  a  practice  based  on 
acknowledged  skill,  personal  popularity  and  a  close  attention  to  their  professional 
duties.  A  brief  mention  of  a  few  of  the  more  prominent  of  these  is  appropriate  here. 
A  further  reference  to  them  will  be  found  in  the  township  and  borough  chapters. 

Dr.  Orson  C.  Cole,  now  retired,  began  practice  in  Union  twnship  in  1870.  Dr. 
Frank  Smith,  a  son  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Smith,  studied  under  his  father  in  Millerton, 
where  he  has  practiced  since  1871.  Mrs.  Julia  A.  Furman,  wife  of  Aaron  K.  Fur- 
man,  has  practiced  medicine  in  Gaines  township  since  1871.  Dr.  G.  D.  Crandall 
located  in  Blossburg  in  1873,  where  he  is  still  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1874  G.  A.  Smith  located  in  Liberty  where  he  has  continued  to  practice  until  the 
present  time.  He  is  a  native  of  Northumberland  county  and  graduated  from  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  March  17, 1873.  Dr.  P.  D.  Eitter,  a  native  of  Herkimer  county. 
New  York,  graduated  from  the  University  of  Buffalo,  February  16,  1861.  He  prac- 
ticed in  Gaines  from  1872  until  his  death,  March  12,  1897.  Dr.  A.  L.  Bottum  was 
born  in  Nelson  township,  April  19,  1847,  and  received  his  academical  education  at 
Union  and  Woodhull  Academies.  He  read  medicine  under  Dr.  William  T.  Hum- 
phrey, of  Osceola;  took  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  Ann 
Arbor,  and  graduated  from  the  Detroit  Medical  College,  Detroit  Michigan,  in  1875, 
in  the  spring  of  which  year  he  located  in  Westfield,  where  he  has  built  up  a  large 
practice.  Dr.  Benjamin  Moody,  of  Mansfield,  a  native  of  Bradford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, studied  medicine  with  Dr.  T.  F.  Madill,  of  Wysox,  Bradford  county; 
graduated  from  Geneva  Medical  College  in  1868,  and  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
1869.  He  practiced  with  his  preceptor  in  Wysox  and  in  Wyalusing  until  1875,  when 
he  removed  to  Eoseville,  remaining  until  1877,  in  which  year  he  located  in  Mansfield. 
Dr.  Charles  A.  Eeese  is  a  native  of  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 


/)'t^^^»€^^Si,/cJ^ 


^ 


THE    MEDICAL    PHOFESSION'.  201 

bom  August  20,  1841.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  From 
1862  to  1874  he  practiced  in  Sinnamahoning,  Pennsylvania.  In  1875  he  located  in 
Knoxville,  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession. 

Dr.  Hugh  L.  Davis  was  bom  at  Summit  HiU,  Carbon  county,  Pennsylvania, 
December  10,  1851,  and  came  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  with  his 
parents  in  1852.  In  1870  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Nelson  Packer,  ot 
Wellsboro,  and  in  March,  187.3,  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia. After  practicing  a  short  time  each  in  Knoxville,  Arnot,  and  West  Hampton, 
Massachusetts,  he  located  in  Wellsboro  in  1879.  Here  he  soon  built  up  a  large 
practice  and  became  one  of  the  best  known  physicians  in  the  county.  He  died  from 
cerebral  hemorrhage,  December  19,  1895.  Dr.  Augustus  Xiles,  a  native  of  Tioga 
township,  graduated  from  Bennett  Medical  College,  January  21,  1875.  He  prac- 
ticed until  1878  in  Nelson,  and  for  fifteen  years  thereafter  in  Keeneyville.  In  1893 
he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  built  up  a  large  practice.  Dr.  Widter  K. 
Francis,  a  native  of  Wellsboro,  graduated  from  the  University  of  Buffalo,  February 
23,  1876,  and  practiced  in  Knoxville  from  1878  to  1891.  Dr.  Emery  G.  Drake,  a 
native  of  Granville,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  graduated  from  Long 
Island  College  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  June  25,  1871,  and  practiced  for  a  number  of 
years  at  Blossburg,  Fall  Brook,  Jlorris  Run  and  Antrim.  Dr.  Nathan  W.  Mastin, 
a  native  of  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  graduated  from  the  medical  departmint  of 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  February  12,  1879.  He  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  East  Charleston,  where  he  continued  until  1888,  when  he 
removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  since  been  one  of  the  resident  physicians. 

Dr.  Wentworth  D.  Vedder,  a  graduate  of  tlie  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  located  in  Mansfield  in  1880,  where  he  has  continued  in 
practice  until  the  present  time,  being  recognized  as  a  skillful  and  successful  physi- 
cian. Dr.  Clarence  W.  Webb,  a  son  of  Dr.  \\ellington  W.  Webb,  was  born  in  Liberty 
township,  September  14, 1855.  He  received  his  medical  education  in  the  University 
of  \'ei-mont  and  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  graduating 
from  the  latter  in  1879.  He  has  since  practiced  in  Wellsboro  and  is  recognized  as  a 
successful  and  skillful  physician.  Dr.  Henry  E.  Caldwell  graduated  from  the  Ohio 
Medical  CuUe'^e,  Cincinnati,  in  the  spring  of  1879.  He  practiced  in  Cincinnati  until 
the  siiiniiier  of  1880,  when  he  located  at  Morris  Run,  as  physician  for  the  ^lorris  Run 
Coal  Cimipany.  He  is  still  in  practice  there.  Dr.  Wilmot  (J.  Humphrey,  a  native 
of  Elkland,  graduated  from  the  Collejje  of  Plivsicinus  and  Surgeons,  at  Baltimore, 
in  1880,  and  immediately  began  practice  at  Osceola.  In  1890  he  removed  to  Elk- 
land,  wlicve  he  has  since  continued  to  jiractice.  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Bair,  a  native  of 
Mount  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  graduated  from  Jeffcr-on 
Medical  Ciillege,  Mardi  1-2,  1879.  Since  1880  lie  has  been  a  resident  physician  of 
Sabin8%'illc.  Dr.  lienjainin  J.  Fulkerson,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  the  Citv  of 
New  York,  practiced  in  Little  Marsh  from  1880  to  189.").  when  he  removed  to  Tyrone, 
Piiinsylvania.  Dr.  Tiieodore  F.  Wocster,  a  native  of  Leroy,  Bradford  county.  Penn- 
sylvania, and  a  graduate  of  Kuchanan  College,  Philadelphia,  has  practiced  at  Ogdens- 
burg  since  18so.  Dr.  Cliarles  Clarence  Winsor  was  bom  in  Ellery,  Chautauqua 
county,  New  York,  December  3,  1859.  He  graduated  from  Buffalo  Medical  College, 
IVhniary  '.'1,  1881,  and  soon  after  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Amot,  re- 


202  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

maining  four  years.  He  then  removed  to  Blossburg,  where  he  continued  to  practice 
until  his  death,  August  3,  1889.  Dr.  J.  B.  McCloskey,  a  native  of  Clinton  county, 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  March  13,  1874,  and  practiced  at 
Morris  from  1882  to  1890.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Bosworth,  son  of  Dr.  Henry  C.  Bosworth, 
and  a  native  of  Deerfield  township,  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  March  1,  1882,  and  has  since  practiced  his  profession  at  Osceola. 
Dr.  0.  S.  Nye,  a  native  of  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  graduated  from  Columbus 
Medical  College,  March  6,  1881.  In  1883  he  located  in  Koseville,  where  he  is  still  a 
resident  physician.  Dr.  Charles  "W.  Hazlett,  a  native  of  Addison,  New  York,  grad- 
uated from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  March  1,  1883.  He 
is  at  present 'a  resident  physician  of  East  Charleston.  Dr.  Asaph  T.  Kunkle,  a  native 
of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,  in  1883,  and  has  since  practiced  his  profession  in  Westfield. 
Dr.  Calvin  S.  Baxter,  a  native  of  Nelson,  graduated  from  the  same  college,  March  1, 
1883,  and  since  1887  has  practiced  in  Nelson.  Dr.  John  M.  Gentry,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, also  graduated  from  the  same  college,  March  4,  1884,  and  has  since  practiced 
at  Stony  Fork.  Dr.  Charles  N.  Williams,  a  native  of  Wellsboro,  and  a  son  of  Hon. 
H.  W.  Williams,  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  March  39,  1884,  and  has 
for  several  years  been  a  resident  physician  of  Wellsboro.  Dr.  John  B.  Smith,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  has  practiced  medicine  in  Lawrenceville  since  1885. 
Dr.  Charles  S.  Logan,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  has  practiced  in  Arnot 
since  1885.  Dr.  Philemon  Eumsey,  a  native  of  Sullivan  township,  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  March  15,  1885,  and  has  for 
several  years  been  a  resident  physician  of  Covington.  Dr.  William  E.  Thomas  grad- 
uated from  the  University  of  Buffalo  in  1886,  and  practiced  five  years  in  Lawrence 
township,  ill  health  causing  him  to  abandon  his  profession.  Dr.  Z.  Ellis  Kimble,  a 
native  of  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  graduated  in  1886,  and  has  since  practiced 
in  Liberty.  Dr.  T.  N.  Eockwell  located  in  Elkland  in  1887  and  continued  to  practice 
until  his  death,  January  30, 1896.  Dr.  Joseph  N.  Smith,  a  native  of  Sullivan  town- 
ship, and  a  graduate  from  the  Homeopathic  Hospital  College,  Cleveland,  practiced 
in  Wellsboro  from  1887  to  1895.  He  is  now  located  in  Pittsburg.  Dr.  S.  P.  Hakes, 
a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  New  York,  has  practiced  in 
Tioga  since  1888,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  successful  young  physicians  of  the 
county.  Dr.  E.  F.  Eobinson,  a  native  of  Lycoming  county,  graduated  from  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  1888.  He  practiced  in  Leetonia  until  1891,  when  he  removed  to 
Morris,  where  he  pursues  his  profession  and  carries  on' a  drug  store.  Dr.  F.  G. 
Elliott,  a  son  of  Nathaniel  A.  Elliott,  of  Mansfield,  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Vermont,  July  16,  1889,  and  has  since  practiced  as  a  resident  physician  at  Mansfield. 
Dr.  James  L.  Beers,  a  native  of  Danby,  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  graduated 
from  University  Medical  College  of  New  York,  March  8,  1883,  and  has  practiced  at 
Holidaytown  since  1889.  Dr.Edward  M.Haley,  a  native  of  St.Lawrence  county,New 
York,  and  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  New  York,  has 
been  a  resident  physician  in  Blossburg  since  1890.  Henry  Matthews,  the  "Indian 
Doctor,"  who  practiced  under  the  name  of  James  McCorhaway,  located  at  Blackwells 
in  1890,  and  pursued  his  profession  there  until  his  death  in  1895. 

Dr.  Alonzo  Kibbe,  a  native  of  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  graduated  from  the 


THE    MEDICAL    PB0FE8SI0N.  203 


College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  March  13, 1885.     In  1891  he  located 
in  Knoxville  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession.     Dr.  Willard  G.  Lent,  a 
native  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
has  practiced  in  Wellsboro  since  1891.     Dr.  William  B.  Stevena  graduated  from  the 
same  college  in  April,  1891,  and  immediately  began  practice  in  Xelson,  where  he  is 
still  a  resident  physician.     Dr.  Herbert  P.  Haskin,  a  native  of  Lansingville,  New 
York,  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  April  15,  1891,  and  practiced  in 
Gaines  from  1892  to  1897.     Dr.  Frank  G.  Masten,  a  son  of  Dr.  James  Masten,  of 
Westfield,  graduated  from  the  University  of  Buffalo,  March  2i,  1891,  and  has  since 
practiced  in  Westfield  with  his  father.     Dr.  Leon  C.  Brown,  a  native  of  SinithllLia, 
Pennsylvania,  graduated  from  the  Homeopathic  College,  Chicago,  in  March,  is'jl, 
and  is  now   a  resident  physician  of   Tioga.     Dr.  John   1.  Van  Wert,  a  native   of 
Sullivan  county.  New  York,  graduated  irom  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
New  York,  ]\larch  1,  1887.     He  is  the  physician  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company 
at  Antrim'    Dr.  Luther  N.  Cloos  is  a  native  of  Middlebury  township.     He  gradu- 
ated from  the  Baltimore  Medical  College  March  :i(),  isiiii,  since  which  time  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  at  Kt'cncyviUe.     Dr.  Clarence  C.  Centrj-,  a  native  of  (.reel. 
c..unty,  Virginia,  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  I'.altimore, 
March 'l,  1893,  and  since  IS'.)  1  has  been  a  resident  physician  of  Morns.      Dr.  Edwin 
K    Clark    a  native  of  Steuben  county,  New  York,  graduated  from  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgc.ns.  Baltimore,  April  in.  WXK  and  has  s,nce  practiced  his 
profession  in  Osceola.     Dr.  Frank  L.  KiUy.  a  native  of  Manstidd.  graduated  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  May  2,  IS'Ki,  and  has  since  been  a  resident  physician  a 
Morris  Kun.      I  )r.  Shuuian  Voorhees,  a  son  of  Dr.  Charles  \-oorhees.  and  a  native  of 
Jackson  townshii-,  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physi.ians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, April  24,  lS9;i,  and  has  since  pnuliced  at  Daggett'.  Mills.      Dr.  Sullivan  A. 
Gaskill,  a  native  of  Covinglon,  graduated  from  Baltimore  Medical  College,  March  1, 
1893,  and  is  a  resi.lent  physician  of  Con  iiigton.     Dr.  Arthur  M.  (ireenfield,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  graduated  from  the  Baltimore  Medical  College,  March  -.'.i.  isnV,  and 
has  since  practiced  at  Sabinsvillc.     Dr.  Francis  A.  Bin-ilo,  a  native  of  Dunkirk,  New 
York,  graduated  from  .lelferson   Medical  College,  May  'i.  ls;.:S,  and  practiced  in 
lilosshurg  until  ids  removal  to  Trenton,  New  .lei>ey.     Dr.  John  P.  Longwell.  a  native 
of  Creycoiirt,  New  York,  graduated  from  the  Chicago  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
in  1K9;{.  and  in  ( )ctol.er,  1895,  he  located  in  Wellsboro.     Dr.  Frederick  (ireen  Wood, 
a  native  of  Sullivan  towiisliii),  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  ilay  15, 
IS!),-.,  and  since  Se])tember  1,18;):..  has  practiced  in  Mansfield.     Dr.  John  Cross  Srcor, 
a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Vennont,  located  in  Cherry  Flats  in  December,  189.-;. 
Dr.  Henry  0.  Harkness  gralluatetl  from  the  Chicago  llouuopathic  College  March  IT, 
IHIli;,  and  in  June  located  in  Mainesburg.      Dr.  Daniel  Stratton  graduated  from 
the  Ciiiversity  of  New  York,  May  T,  ls:i.-.,  and  is  a  resident  physician  of  I'dossburg. 
Dr.  (Icug.'  .\.  Trieman  graduated  from  the  Medical  Chirurgical  College.  Philadel- 
pliia,  May  4,  is;>3,  and  in  Si-ptember.  isin;,  located  in  Leetonia.      I»r.  J.  Irving 
Bentley,  a  graduate  of  the  lTni\ersiiy  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in  Gaines  in  Jaiiuarv, 
isit;,  as  the  successor  of  Dr.  H.  V.  Haskin.     1  »r.  Charles  'I'rc.xler  opened  an  oiricc  in 
Knoxville  the  same  month. 


204  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

THE    FIRST    DEUG    STOEB. 

The  first  regular  drug  store  in  Wellsboro  was  opened  in  1848  by  Dr.  Robert  Roy, 
in  a  frame  building  which  then  stood  on  that  portion  of  the  site  of  the  present  Coles 
House,  next  to  the  residence  of  the  late  Judge  Robert  G.  "White.  Dr.  Roy  was  born 
May  13, 1824,  in  Warwick,  Orange  county,  New  York,  and  was  a  descendant  of  sturdy 
Scotch  ancestry.  When  he  was  but  four  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  New- 
town, now  Elmira,  New  York.  The  desire  of  his  youth  was  to  educate  himself  for  the 
Christian  ministry,  but  a  severe  cold,  followed  by  inflammatory  rheumatism,  inter- 
rupted his  studies  and  changed  the  whole  course  of  his  life.  After  measurably  recov- 
ering his  health,  he  entered  the  drug  store  of  William  Ogden,  of  Elmira,  and  learned 
the  drug  business.  In  1848  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  and  opened  the  first  store 
devoted  exclusively  to  the  sale  of  drugs  in  Tioga  county.  For  about  two  years  he 
occupied  the  frame  building  already  referred  to,  and  then  removed  to  a  little  wooden 
structure  just  below  the  Bower  block.  A  few  years  later  he  purchased  half  of  the 
block  on  the  southeast  side  of  Main  street,  bounded  by  Water  and  Crafton  streets,  and 
built  thereon  the  large  three-story  building  that  was  burned  in  1874.  While  this 
work  was  in  progress  Dr.  Roy  was  prostrated  by  an  accidental  burning  and  was  con- 
fined to  his  house  about  a  year.  The  result  of  this  misfortune  was  to  so  cripple  his 
resources  that  for  many  years  he  was  greatly  hampered  in  business. 

In  1850  Dr.  Roy  married  Miss  Irene  M.  Dartt,  a  daughter  of  Cyrus  Dartt,  of 
Charleston  township.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  union,  two  of  whom  died 
in  infancy.  Arthur  M.,  the  only  living  child,  is  now  one  of  the  proprietors  and 
editors  of  the  Wellsboro  Agitator.  Dr.  Roy,  save  for  a  period  of  about  four  years, 
continued  ia  the  drug  business  up  to  his  death,  which  took  place  November  30,  1881. 
His  widow  is  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Dr.  Roy's  domestic  life  was  very  happy.  He 
was  a  devout  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  for  several  years  before  his 
death  was  a  member  of  the  session.  For  many  years  his  health  was  poor  and  his 
eyesight  bad,  yet  he  maintained  a  cheerful  disposition  to  the  last.  The  sincerity  of 
his  religious  convictions,  his  upright  life  and  his  spotless  integrity,  won  for  him  the 
esteem  and  respect  of  the  entire  community.  His  influence,  quietly  but  constantly 
exerted,  was  always  for  good,  and  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  upright  and 
exemplary  citizens  of  the  borough. 

While  yet  quite  a  young  man  and  before  coming  to  Wellsboro,  Dr.  Roy 
traveled  and  lectured  on  the  Bible,  the  lecture  being  illustrated  with  stereopticon 
views.  His  assistant  was  a  boy  about  fourteen  or  fifteen  years  of  age,  named  Mark 
M.  Pomeroy,  afterwards  famous  as  "Brick"  Pomeroy,  editor  of  the  LaCrosse  Demo- 
crat. Some  years  ago  "Brick"  being  in  reminiscent  mood,  wrote  the  following  ac- 
count of  his  experience  as  a  clerk  in  Dr.  Roy's  drug  store  in  Wellsboro: 

Out  of  this  expedition  [a  panorama  with  a  lecture  thrown  in]  Uncle  Robert  cleared 
three,  four  or  five  hundred  dollars;  enough  to  start  him  quite  handsomely  in  the  drug 
business  at  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania.  After  he  had  accumulated  this  amount  of  capital, 
which  was  considered  very  large  for  those  times  in  that  country,  he  purchased  an  old 
stock  of  drugs  from  a  broken  down  druggist  in  Elmira,  and  had  them  conveyed  by 
wagon  across  the  hills  to  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  started  the  first  drug 
store  in  that  place,  and  lived  to  become  one  of  its  most  prosperous  business  men,  but 
who  has  since  experienced  his  ups  and  downs.  His  son,  Arthur  Roy,  is  now  at  the 
head  of  a  Republican  newspaper  in  that  town. 


THE    MEDICAL    PBOFESSIOX.  205 


When  our  trip  was  ended,  late  in  the  spring,  I  was  allowed  to  go  with  Uncle  Robert 
to  Wellsboro,  and  to  the  duty  and  responsibility  in  his  store  of  chief  clerk,  with  the 
understanding  that  I  could  have  a  few  shelves  in  the  comer  of  the  store  on  which  to  dis- 
play a  stock  of  candy.  I  had  saved  about  nine  dollars  from  my  winter's  work.  I  should 
have  had  more,  but  in  Towanda,  where  we  stopped  one  cold  night.  I  stood  with  my 
back  to  a  red-hot  coal  stove,  to  warm  myself  as  I  came  in,  and  unfortunately  burned 
the  back  out  of  my  overcoat.  To  purchase  a  new  one  cost  seven  dollars — seven  weeks' 
work.  But  the  lesson  was  a  good  one,  as  it  taught  me  never  to  turn  my  back  to  a  warm 
friend. 

The  idea  of  becoming  a  candy  merchant  was  novel  and  promising.  So  I  made  a  few 
shallow  boxes,  in  the  fronts  of  which  I  could  slip  panes  of  eight-by-ten  glass,  and  then 
bought  a  few  jars  in  which  to  place  for  display  a.  whole  nine  dollars'  worth  of  assorted 
candies,  which  I  purchased  of  a  candy  merchant  in  Elmira,  New  York,  whose  name 
was  Elmore.  In  May  I  left  home  with  my  venture  of  sweetmeats,  and  journeyed  by 
wagon,  in  which  were  conveyed  some  of  Uncle  Robert's  goods,  across  the  hills  to  Wells- 
boro,  where  I  helped  open  and  arrange  the  drug  store  in  a  small  room  not  so  large 
as  my  present  sanctum  or  parlor.  Here  I  ajiplied  myself  patiently  and  industriously  to 
the  study  of  chemistry  and  the  history  and  the  principles  of  drugs  and  medicines.  For  a 
year  and  a  half  I  made  my  home  in  Wellsboro,  engaged  in  this  business,  having  as  u 
compensation  the  profit  made  from  the  stock  of  candy  I  had  purchased  and  started  in 
with.  Unfortunately  for  my  proKperity  in  this  line,  there  were  u  number  of  very  pretty 
little  girls  in  Wellsboro,  likewise  a  number  of  boys  who  had  a  taste  for  sweetmeats  and 
who  promised  faithfully  to  pay  peniiirs  and  sixpences  in  the  future,  but  who,  somehow 
or  other,  never  had  the  money  when  it  was  wanted.  Anxious  to  secure  trade,  I  adopted 
the  plan  of  giving  candy  to  all  the  girls  who  came,  and  trusting  the  boys  who  wished 
credit,  so  that  at  the  end  of  the  year  not  only  my  candy  boxes  but  my  pockets  were 
quite  empty.  I  found  myself  not  half  so  popular  as  when  I  had  sweet  things  to  give  out 
to  all  who  would  come  for  them.    But  I  hud  lots  of  fun  in  Wellsboro  for  all  that. 

Till';     TIUCA     CULNTY     MEDICAL     SOCIETY. 

This  association  was  organized  June  20,  lM(i(),  at  the  oflSce  of  the  late  Nelson 
Packer,  M.  D.,  in  Wellsboro,  the  original  members  being  Drs.  Nelson  Packer,  R.  II. 
Archer,  0.  V.  Elliott,  ^^'.  W.  \\'ebb,  Daniel  Bacon  and  Otis  \V.  Gibson,  a  son  of  Dr. 
Otis  L.  (libson,  one  of  the  early  ])liysicians.  The  membership  did  not  increase 
rapidly  and  the  ii\oetings  were  held  irregularly.  The  meeting  at  Mansfield,  De- 
cember 19,  ISCO,  was  tlie  last  until  Septeiuber  [K  18(18,  when  a  meeting  was  held  at 
Tioga  and  the  society  revived.  The  long  lapse  was  due  to  the  excitement  attendant 
upon  the  Civil  War.  Those  who  attended  this  meeting  were  \V.  W.  Webb,  Daniel 
Hacdn,  Robert  M.  Christy,  Robert  B.  Smith,  T.  R.  Warren,  H.  A.  Phillips  and  Lewis 
Darling,  Jr.  New  life  was  infused  into  the  society,  and  there  followed  an  increase  of 
membership  and  interest.  ]\leetings  were  held  every  three  months,  papers  read  and 
questions  dlHciissed  pertaining  to  disea.'Jes  and  their  treatment.  These  meetings  were 
regularl_y  maintaiiieil  until  1882,  when  the  society  again  went  into  decline  and  prac- 
tically ceased  to  exist.  During  the  twenty-two  years  between  its  organization  and 
8URi)ensioM  of  activity,  the  following  named  physicians  served  as  president:  R.  H. 
Areher.  iSCO;  Daniel  Bacon,  18C8-G9;  Nelson  Packer.  18:0;  James  :Masten.  18T1; 
W.  W.  Webb,  1875;  C.  K.  Thomi'^on.  18T3;  W.  T.  Humphrey,  lsT4;  K,,l,rrt  B. 
Smith,  18T.">;  Ijewis  Darling'.  Jr.,  18T(;;  M.  L.  T.aeon,  ISTT:  K.  (;.  Drake.  18:.-^; 
(Jeorf;.'  D.  ^^faino.  18:0;  A.  ^[.  I/Jop.  1880;  C.  K.  Thomjison.  1881.  and  W.  I». 
Vedder,  1882. 

After  a  lapse  of  fourteen  years  the  association  was  again  organized,  at  a  meeting 
hold  January  24,  1806,  in  I.rfiwrenceville,  at  which  the  f.'liowing  officers  were  elected 


206  HISTOKT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

to  serve  until  the  annual  meeting:  Wentworth  D.  Vedder,  of  Mansfield,  president; 
A.  L.  Bottum,  of  "Westfield,  vice-president;  Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  of  Lawrenceville,  sec- 
retary, and  0.  W.  Webb,  of  Wellsboro,  treasurer.  The  annual  meeting  was  held 
June  19,  1896,  when  the  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year:  A.  L. 
Bottum,  of  Westfield,  president;  Luther  N.  Cloos,  of  Keeneyville,  vice-president; 
Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  of  Lawrenceville,  secretary,  and  C.  W.  Webb,  of  Wellsboro, 
treasurer.  The  association  now  numbers  twenty-seven  physicians  in  its  membership; 
its  meetings  are  held  quarterly  and  the  interest  taken  in  them  indicates  that  the  as- 
sociation is  at  last  permanently  organized. 


CHAPTEE  XIV. 

EAELY   MILITAEY   HISTOEY. 

Introduction— Eaely  Settlers  Who  Were  Revolutionary  Soldiers— They 
Led  the  Way  Into  the  Wilderness- Peter  Shumway's  Discharge— A  Price- 
less Relic— The  War  of  1812— Settlers  of  Tioga  Who  Served  in  That 
Struggle— Old  Time  Militia  System— The  Mexican  War. 


DUEING  the  Eevolutionary  War  that  portion  of  Pennsylvania  now  embraced 
within  the  limits  of  Tioga  county  was  a  savage-peopled  wilderness.  If  o  white 
man  was  living  within  its  borders,  and  none  had  penetrated  its  forest  depths,  save  an 
occasional  hunter,  trapper,  spy,  scout,  or,  perhaps,  a  Catholic  or  Moravian  missionary. 
While  that  memorable  struggle  was  in  progress,  marauding  bands  of  savages,  from  the 
tribes  farther  north,  frequently  followed  the  trails  leading  south  up  the  valleys  of 
the  Tioga  river  and  Crooked  creek,  and  down  those  of  Babb's  and  Pine  creeks,  and  . 
harrassed  the  settlers  along  the  Susquehanna.  So  far  as  known,  however,  no  conflict 
between  the  two  races  ever  took  place  on  its  soil,  its  early  settlers  being  happily 
spared  the  horrors  of  frontier  warfare,  with  which  those  of  other  counties  were  but 
too  familiar. 

This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  before  settlement  began  the  land  was  acquired  from 
the  Indians  by  the  Treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix,  in  1784,  and  was  thereby  open  to  peace- 
able and  unmolested  occupation.  Its  pioneers  had  nothing  to  fear,  unless,  in  the 
event  of  an  Indian  war.  Fortunately  they  were  called  upon  to  undergo  no  such  ex- 
periences, and  were  permitted  to  clear  away  the  forests  and  cultivate  their  fields 
in  peace. 

Although  Tioga  county,  owing  to  its  wilderness  condition,  and  its  distance  from 
the  scene  of  active  operations,  is  not  embraced  within  the  historic  ground  of  the 
Eevolution,  it  afterwards  became  the  home  and  is  to-day  the  resting  place  of  a  num- 
ber of  the  patriotic  soldiers  of  that  memorable  struggle.    The  first  settlers  at  Law- 


EABLY     MILITABT    HISTOBT.  207 


renceville,  Tioga  and  in  the  Cowanesque  valley  were  Kevolutionar}-  soldiers,  who 
endured  the  privations  of  pioneer  life  in  their  wilderness  homes  with  the  same  heroic 
courage  and  patient  fortitude  that  they  displayed  while  contending  against  British 
tyranny  for  the  independence  so  nobly  won  by  Washington  and  his  patriotic  army. 

It  is  a  matter  for  sincere  regret  that  the  names  of  all  of  these  heroes  of  that  great 
struggle  cannot  be  ascertained.  A  patient  inquiry,  however,  has  resulted  in  securing 
the  names  which  follow  and  the  dates  and  places  of  their  settlement.  The  list  is  be- 
lieved, by  those  familiar  with  the  early  history  of  the  different  townships,  to  be 
practically  complete,  and  to  embrace  the  names  of  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary soldiers  who  became  permanent  settlers  and  residents  of  the  county . 

It  was  not  until  1787,  four  years  after  the  colonies  had  achieved  their  indepen- 
dence, that  Hon.  Samuel  Baker,  the  first  white  settler,  came  and  reared  a  home  for 
himself  and  family  within  the  confines  of  Tioga  county.  This  herald  of  an  advanc- 
ing civilization  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  In  17^^,  being  then  a  lioy  of  fourteen 
years  of  age,  while  he  and  a  younger  brother  were  pickinf;  berries  near  their  home, 
at  White  Crock,  Washington  cdunty,  Niu  York,  he  was  captured  liy  Indians  and 
taken  to  the  camp  of  Burgoync,  where  he  was  ri'dccmod  l)y  a  British  dtlicLT,  who 
jiaid  twelve  dollars  for  him,  and  made  him  a  waitt-r  at  army  headquarters.  After 
Burgoyne's  surrender,  an  American  officer  gave  young  Baker  two  dollars  and  told  him 
to  go  home.  This  he  did,  remaining  until  17S1,  when  he  enlisted  in  Col.  JIarius 
Willett's  regiment  and  took  part  in  the  skirmish  of  Canada  Creek,  in  wliich  Capt. 
Walter  Butler,  a  noted  tory  leader,  was  killed.  Four  years  after  the  war  closed  Baker 
turned  his  face  toward  the  west,  selected  a  site  for  a  home  near  the  junction  of  the 
Tioga  and  Cowanescjue  rivers,  where  Lawreneeville  now  stands,  and  thus  became  the 
first  white  settler  of  Tiojja  county. 

\\'ithin  a  few  months  after  his  eoming  Mr.  Baker  was  joined  liy  .Vnios  Stone, 
who  was  a  captain  in  the  Coniu'elicut  Line  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  but  who 
afterwards  beeanie  an  active  participant  in  Shay's  Rebellion.  Shay  was  defeated 
January  25,  1787,  and  his  adherents  were  forced  to  seek  refuf,'e  from  the  Federal 
authorities  wherever  they  could. 

Adam  and  (Jeorjjje  Hart,  natives  of  (rermany,  and  pioneer  settlers  in  La\vTence 
township,  served  seven  years  each  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  Adam  removed  to 
.Mansfield  in  1S2;1  and  (Jeor<;e  became  an  early  settler  in  Liberty  township,  where 
his  descendants  still  reside. 

Andrew  Holiday,  a  native  of  Ireland,  came  to  America  before  the  Revolution, 
and  finally  settled  at  Stroudslmr^,  .Monroe  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  served  in  the 
Continental  army  and  was  a  e:ood  soldier.  In  17!)9  or  IStm  he  came  to  Tiopa  county 
and  located  at  Lawreneeville.  A  few  years  later  he  removed  to  TroupsburL',  New 
York,  but  soon  afterward  rt'tiinied  to  Tioga  county,  and  settled  near  Elkland,  where 
he  died  early  in  the  present  century. 

IiiMihen  Cook,  Sr.,  the  pioneer  settler  of  the  Cowanesque,  west  of  Lawreneeville, 
was  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  He  settled  in  what  afterward  became  Nelson  town~liip. 
in  ITI'v  or  li!i.'!.  It  is  not  known  in  what  command  he  served.  Imt  he  wa.s  frranted 
a  jiension  of  $)0  a  year  durin;;  life  by  iln'  It^gislnture  of  Pennsylvania  in  182'^.  For  a 
fuller  account  of  him  the  reader  is  refeircd  to  the  ehajjtcr  devoted  to  Nelson  horou^'h. 

Kl)(iie/,er  Seelve,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  settled  immetliately  cast    of  .Vcademy 


208  HISTOBT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Corners  in  1798,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  June  23,  1837,  in  the  eighty- 
second  year  of  his  age.  He  served  throughout  the  Eevolutionary  War  in  Sheldon's 
Light  Horse,  a  Connecticut  company,  and  a  portion  of  the  time  under  Washington. 
Before  coming  to  Tioga  county  he  became  a  Quaker,  and  was  a  consistent 
adherent  of  that  faith  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  lies  buried  in  the  old 
Quaker  burying  ground  at  KnoxTille. 

Simon  Eixford  or  Eexford,  the  first  settler  on  the  site  of  Knoxville,  where  he 
located  in  1799,  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  enlisted 
in  the  Eevolutionary  army  and  served  seven  years.  He  was  afSicted  with  deafness 
caused  by  proximity  to  artillery  during  battle.  In  1820  he  removed  to  Mixtown, 
Clymer  township,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  where  he  lies  buried. 

Israel  Bulkley,  who  came  from  Connecticut  in  1800  and  settled  upon  the  farm 
in  Osceola  now  occupied  by  his  grandson,  Charles  Bulkley,  served  a  brief  time  in 
Capt.  N.  "Waterman's  company.  Twentieth  regiment,  Connecticut  militia,  when 
the  British  burned  New  London,  Connecticut,  in  September,  1781. 

Nathaniel  Peaseley  Moody,  a  native  of  Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  where  he 
was  bom  in  1760,  entered  the  Continental  army  at  the  age  of  sixteen  and  served 
through  the  Eevolution.  In  1795  he  settled  at  Wysox,  Bradford  coimty,  Pennsyl- 
vania, lived  there  a  number  of  years,  and  then  removed  to  Osceola,  where  he  died  in 
1840,  and  where  he  lies  buried. 

David  Jay,  an  early  settler  at  Osceola,  was  a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  But  little 
is  known  concerning  him.     His  remains  lie  buried  in  the  Osceola  Cemetery. 

Ayres  Tuttle,  a  pioneer  settler  at  Westfield,  fought  at  Bunker  Hill,  as  a  member 
of  the  patriot  band  who  so  stoutly  resisted  the  British  on  that  occasion. 

Daniel  Lee,  who  came  to  Tioga  county  from  Otsego  county.  New  York,  and 
was  an  early  settler  in  Chatham  township,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolutionary 
army.    Many  of  his  descendants  still  reside  in  Chatham  township. 

Samuel  Tubbs,  Sr.,  a  native  of  Lyme,  Connecticut,  settled  at  Elkland  in  1811. 
He  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  1773,  with  his  parents,  and  settled  at  Wyoming.  August 
26,  1776,  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Eobert  Durkee's  Independent  company,  which 
was  attached  to  Col.  John  Durkee's  regiment  of  the  Connecticut  Line.  He 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Bound  Brook,  Mill  Stone  Eiver,  Mud  Creek,  Brandy- 
wine  and  Germantown;  wintered  with  the  army  at  Valley  Forge,  and  served  in  Sul- 
livan's Expedition  against  the  Indians  in  1779.  His  command  was  on  its  way  to 
Wyoming  the  night  of  the  massacre,  and  stopped  at  Shoup's  tavern,  Northumberland 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  died  at  his  home  near  Elkland,  September  7,  1841,  and 
his  remains  rest  in  the  cemetery  at  Osceola. 

John  Eyon,  Sr.,  a  pioneer  settler  at  Elkland,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Ire- 
land, was  born  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  March  10,  1748,  while  they  were  enroute  for 
New  York.  He  removed  to  the  Wyoming  valley,  Pennsylvania,  before  the  Eevolu- 
tion. The  records  in  the  war  department  at  Washington  show  that  he  served  during 
the  Eevolutionary  War  as  a  private  in  Capt.  Thaddeus  Weed's,  formerly  'Capt.  Solo- 
mon Strong's,  Company,  Fifth  Connecticut  regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  Philip 
B.  Bradley,  from  July,  1777  to  December,  1780,  and  that  he  re-enlisted  October  20, 
1780,  "for  during  the  war."  The  records  also  show  that  he  served  as  a  sergeant  in 
the  Fifth  Company,  formerly  Capt.  Thaddeus  Weed's  Company,  Second  Connecticut 


EABLY    MILITARY    HISTORY.  209 


regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  Heman  Swift,  from  March,  17S1,  to  April,  1783.  A 
portion  of  this  time  he  was  on  duty  in  the  commissary  department  in  Xew  York. 
He  was  afterward  pensioned,  as  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  by  the  State  of  Connecticut. 

John  H.  Brown,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Brookfield  township,  was  a  Revo- 
lutionary soldier,  though  it  is  not  known  in  what  command  he  served.  He  settled 
in  Brookfield  township  in  1812. 

Azel  Nobles,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Brookfield  township,  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  for  which  service  he  received  a  pension  until  the  time  of  his  death. 
His  son,  Asahel  Nobles,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Jesse  Losey,  the  first  settler  on  the  site  of  Tio<ja  borough,  was  another  Revolu- 
tionary soldier.  He  claimed  to  have  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
being  sixteen  years  old  at  the  time,  and  to  also  have  witnessed  the  execution  of  ifaj. 
John  Andre,  at  Tappan,  New  Jersey,  October  2,  1780.  He  died  March  12,  1814, 
aged  eighty-five  years,  and  lies  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  Holidaytown. 

Harris  Hotchkiss,  who  settled  at  Tioga  in  1804,  was  a  native  of  ("iinecticut, 
and  a  Revolutionary  sailor  and  soldier.  While  in  the  marine  service  he  was  cap- 
tured by  the  British  and  confined  for  Bome  time  in  chains  on  board  the  notorious 
prison  ship  "Jersey."  He  suffered  much  by  exposure  to  cold  and  from  want  of 
proper  food.  He  died  November  21,  1851,  aged  ninety-six  years,  and  lies  buried 
in  the  old  cemetery  at  Tioga. 

Robert  and  Benjamin  Patterson,  who  acted  as  giiides  for  the  party  who  con- 
structed the  Williamson  road  in  1 702-93,  were  noted  Indian  scouts  during  the  Revo- 
lution, rendering  valuable  service  to  the  cause  of  liberty,  .\fter  the  opening  of  the 
Williamson  road  they  settled  at  Painted  Post,  New  York. 

In  what  is  known  as  the  Bentley  burying  ground  in  Rutland  township,  west  of 
Roseville,  is  a  tombstone  bearing  the  following  inscription: 

Daniel  Wattles. 

A  Soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

Born  In  Connecticut  in  1761 ;  died  In  Tioga  County.  Pennsylvania,  May  19,  1889. 

This  stone  was  erected  to  his  memory  by  J.  M.  Wattles,  of  Bradford  county,  an  a  mark 

of  filial  afPeotion  and  gratitude. 

Daniel  Wattles  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  Rutland  township,  but  the  year 
of  his  coming  could  not  be  ascertained.  He  sorvod  during  the  Revolutionary  War 
in  Capt.  William  Moulton's  company  of  the  Second  Battalion,  raised  for  the  defense 
of  the  Connecticut  coast,  from  Horseneck  to  New  Haven.  He  was  hired  by  the  town 
of  Lebanon,  C<innecticut,  and  joined  the  company  July  2.5,  1781. 

Stephen  Morrill,  Sr.,  a  native  of  Maine,  and  an  early  settler  in  Jackson  townsiiip, 
was  a  veteran  of  the  Revolution.  His  son,  Stephen,  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  in  a 
marine  regiment. 

James  Gray,  Sr.,  came  from  Otsego  county,  Xew  York,  and  settled  at  Gra/s 
^'allpy,  in  Sullivan  township,  in  1805,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  town.ship. 
Hf  was  born  in  Sharon,  (Connecticut,  in  ITGO,  scned  seven  years  in  the  (Continental 
nrniy  and  was  discharged  with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  died  in  Sullivan  township 
in  March,  1846. 
U 


2J^Q  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Russell  Rose  settled  in  what  is  now  Ward  township  in  1807,  but  soon  afterward 
removed  to  and  located  near  the  State  road  in  Sullivan  township.  He  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  June  11,  1753,  and  when  twenty-three  years  of  age  enlisted  in  the 
Continental  army  and  remained  until  the  war  ended,  rendering  good  and  efficient 
service.  While  in  camp  at  Valley  Forge  he  was  promoted  to  serve  as  an  aide  on 
Washington's  staff.     He  died  in  Sullivan  township  June  1,  1830. 

Jeremiah  Rumsey,  an  early  settler  in  Sullivan  township,  was  also  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolutionary  army.  He  resided  in  Sullivan  township  for  many  years  and  died 
at  the  age  of  ninety. 

Ebenezer  Burley,  who  settled  in  Richmond  township  in  1808,  was  a  Revolutionary 
soldier.     He  died  in  1837,  aged  eighty-seven  years. 

Seth  Clark,  who  came  from  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  in  1814,  and  settled  in 
Richmond  township,  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier  and  carried  a  musket  under  Wash- 
ington. 

Deacon  Isaac  Lownsbery,  bom  December  31,  1757,  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
army.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1818  and  settled  at  Canoe  Camp,  where  he  died 
April  4,  1851,  aged  ninety-four  years. 

Major  Ebenezer  Ripley,  who  came  from  Cooperstown,  New  York,  in  1817,  and 
settled  at  Lamb's  Creek,  served  in  the  Continental  army  with  the  rank  of  major. 
After  coming  to  Tioga  county  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Lieut.  Jacob  Allen,  who  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1763,  entered  the  Con- 
tinental army  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  his  father,  who  was  killed  in  the  early  part  of 
the  war.  Young  Allen  remained  in  the  service  to  the  close  and  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant.  He  came  from  Massachusetts  in  1818  and  settled  near  Mans- 
field, where  he  died  December  11,  1836,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Peter  Shumway,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  came  to  Tioga  county  about  1805, 
and  located  at  Mansfield.  A  year  later  he  removed  to  Charleston  township,  and 
settled  on  Shumway  Hill.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Revolution,  serving  nearly  seven 
years.  There  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his  great-grandson,  Peter  E.  Shumway,  of 
Wellsboro,  the  original  discharge  received  by  him,  June  9,  1783.  This  rare  and 
highly-prized  relic  shows  that  Peter  Shumway  was  a  "soldier  of  the  Fourth  Massa- 
chusetts regiment;"  that  he  "faithfully  served  the  United  States  six  years  and  three 
months,"  having  "enlisted  for  the  war  only."  John  Trumbull,  Jr.,  certifies  that  it 
was  "given  at  headquarters  by  His  Excellency's  command."  It  was  signed  by  Wash- 
ington himself,  the  signature,  "Go  Washington,"  being  clear,  bold  and  distinct.  It 
bears  unmistakable  evidence  of  genuineness.  Another  high  officer,  whose  name 
has  become  dimmed  by  age,  certifies  that  "the  above  Peter  Shumway,  soldier,  has 
been  honored  with  the  badge  of  merit,  for  six  years'  faithful  service,"  and  "John  M. 
Davis,  adjutant,"  certifies  that  it  is  "registered  in  the  books  of  the  regiment." 

This  venerable  relic  of  Revolutionary  days,  although  114  years  old,  is  in  a  fair 
state  of  preservation,  and  with  care  will  easily  last  another  century.  Inclosed  in  the 
same  frame  with  the  discharge  are  two  specimens  of  "Massachusetts  Bay"  paper 
money  of  the  time,  coarse-grained  and  antique  in  design.  One  bill  is  of  the  denom- 
ination of  $8;  the  other  is  No.  59,338,  and  calls  for  $65,  "in  gold  or  silver."  In  the 
contemplation  of  these  old  documents  one's  mind  is  carried  back  to  "the  time  that 


EABLY     MILITABT     HISTORY.  211 

tried  men's  bouIb" — the  days  that  were  dark  and  gloomy,  and  when  the  cause  of 
liberty  trembled  in  the  balance. 

After  Peter  Shumway's  death  in  1833,  the  discharge  passed  into  the  hands  of 
his  son,  Sleeman  Shumway.  He  died  May  3,  1864.  It  then  became  the  property 
of  his  son,  N.  P.  Shumway.  During  recent  years  it  has  l)ucn  in  the  possession  of 
Melvina  L.  Shumway,  wife  of  Jonathan  V.  Morgan,  and  is  now  owned  by  Peter  E. 
Shumway,  Wellsboro,  a  great-grandson  of  the  Peter  Shumway  to  whom  it  was  origin- 
ally given  as  an  evidence  of  faithful  service  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  It  is  an 
heirloom  of  inestimable  value. 

Col.  Justus  Dartt,  the  founder  of  the  Dartt  settlement  in  Charleston  township, 
where  he  located  in  1811,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution  and  afterwards  a  colonel 
in  the  Vermont  militia.     He  died  in  Charleston  July  ">,  1838,  aged  eighty-one  years. 

Israel  (irocnlcuf,  an  early  settliT  and  taveni  keeper  in  Wellsboro,  was  also  a 
Revolutionary  soldier.  He  died  June  1,  1817,  aged  eighty-two  years,  and  lieti  buried 
in  the  old  graveyard  on  Academy  Hill  in  Wellsboro.  In  the  suiiu'  graveyard  lies 
buried  Joseph  Thompson,  another  Revolutionary  soldier,  who  died  November  '-';!, 
1842,  aged  eighty-live  years.  This  graveyard,  haviii}^  been  abandoned  many  years 
ago,  has  become  overgrown  with  brush  and  brambles,  and  the  graves  of  these  two 
heroes  are  sadly  neglected. 

Deacon  Ifichard  Ellis,  a  native  of  Mnssiuhusetts,  served  in  the  Hev.ihitionary 
army.  He  settled  in  Deliiiar  township  in  1811  and  died  in  Ellisburg,  Potter  comity, 
in  1841. 

Royal  Colo,  who  settled  in  Wellsboro  about  1818,  and  who  became  a  well-known 
and  prominent  citizen,  was  a  veteran  of  both  the  Revolutionary  War  and  the  War  of 
ISl'-i.     He  died  in  Wellslxiro,  July   I,  IHI!),  in  his  nint'tieth  year. 

Roln'rt  Steele,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  about  17t;<;.  He  ser\ed 
a  short  time  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  In  ISO.")  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and 
was  the  first  settler  on  the  site  of  "Hifj  Meadows,"  now  Aiisonia.  He  died  at  the 
home  of  his  son  Robert  in  Del  mar  township  in  1836. 

Robert  Campliell,  a  pioneer  of  Morris  townshi]),  enlisted  in  the  (  nniinental 
army  when  only  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  served  under  Washington,  lie  lies  buried 
at  Cammal,  Lyeoming  county. 

THE    WAR    OF    1812. 

As  Tioga  was  a  frontier  county,  and  sparsely  populated,  she  was  not  called  on 
to  raise  a  military  company  during  the  War  of  ISf?.  .Some  apprehension  was  felt 
that  the  Seneca  Indians,  whose  territory  was  close  to  the  county,  might  be  tampered 
with  by  the  I5ritish  and  induced  to  make  trouble.  Governor  Sny.ler  was  com- 
municated with  by  some  of  the  citizens  of  this  and  the  adjoining  counties  on  the 
west,  whose  fear  of  an  Indian  invasion  was  great,  and  they  went  so  far  as  to  reque>t 
military  protection,  but  the  governor  succeeded  in  allaying  their  fears. 

When  the  British  burned  Buffalo  in  ISI  I.  the  feeling  generally  prevailed  that 
they  intended  to  march  south  and  lay  the  coimtry  in  wasti'.  and  a  call  was  made  for 
men  to  meet  the  invaders.  A  eompany  was  collected  from  the  Tioga  and  Cowan- 
isipie  valleys  at  Ijawreneeville,  in  I'ebruary  of  tluit  year,  and  Henry  Baldwin  was 
chosen  captain.      U  is  not  known  that  any  roster  of  the  company  is  now  in  cxis- 


212  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


tence.  This  organization  was  purely  volunteer.  The  company  proceeded  in 
sleighs  to  Dansville,  New  York,  and  were  put  in  a  camp  of  instruction.  But  as  the 
British  retired  after  their  assault  on  Buffalo,  the  alarm  subsided  and  the  Lawrence- 
ville  company  was  sent  home  and  disbanded.  Among  those  who  joined  the  com- 
pany were  the  following  from  Osceola:  Samuel  Tubbs,  Jr.,  David  Taylor,  Eeuben 
Cook,  Jr.,  and  Andrew  Bosard.  The  following  pioneers  of  Deerfield  township  were 
also  members  of  this  company:  Newbury  Cloos,  John  Knox,  Charles  Carpenter, 
Elanson  Seelye  and  Eleazer  Seelye.  Those  who  enlisted  in  this  company  were 
afterwards  given  land  warrants  by  the  government  of  the  United  States,  and  in  1879 
Reuben  Cook  received  a  pension  of  $8  a  month. 

A  number  of  companies  on  their  way  to  Black  Eock  passed  through  Tioga 
county  over  the  Williamson  road,  as  it  was  the  principal  thoroughfare  down  the 
Tioga  valley  at  this  time.  The  State  road,  as  it  was  called,  was  also  used.  The 
companies  came  from  the  lower  counties,  ajid  the  Tioga  valley  at  times  presented 
quite  a  martial  appearance  as  they  marched  through.  Some  artillery  and  many 
baggage  wagons  passed  this  way. 

In  addition  to  the  few  who  enlisted  from  the  county  while  the  war  was  in 
progress,  there  afterwards  settled  in  the  various  townships  a  number  of  men  who 
served  from  other  states  and  from  other  parts  of  Pennsylvania.  The  names  of  all 
of  these  have  not  been  preserved,  owing  to  some  of  them  making  a  stay  of  but  a  few 
years  in  the  county,  while  others  died,  leaving  no  descendants  to  perpetuate  either 
names  or  memory.     We  give  the  names  of  such  as  we  have  been  able  to  obtain. 

Edsell  Mitchell,  reputed  to  be  the  first  white  child  born  in  Tioga  county, 
served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  in  1816  removed  from  Mitchell's  Creek,  Tioga  town- 
ship, his  birthplace,  to  Middlebury  township,  where  many  of  his  descendants  still 
reside.     He  died  August  15,  1870. 

Ebenezer  Ferry,  who  settled  in  Tioga  township  in  1818,  was  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  served  from  that  State.  He  removed  to  Charleston  township  in  1839, 
and  there  died  at  a  ripe  old  age. 

John  B.  Earr,  Sr.,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  Tioga  county  about  1800 
and  finally  settled  in  Sullivan  township,  saw  service  during  the  war.  He  died  in 
1863,  aged  ninety-four  years. 

Daniel  Rose,  eldest  son  of  Russell  Rose,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Sullivan  town- 
ship, enlisted  soon  after  war  was  declared,  and  served  until  May,  1814.  His 
father  saw  service  during  the  Revolution  under  Washington.  Daniel' died  August 
36,  1870,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

James  Cudworth,  Sr.,  who  came  with  his  parents  to  Sullivan  township  about 
1808,  served  as  a  drummer  boy  in  the  War  of  1813. 

Capt.  Levi  Mabie,  an  early  settler  in  Sullivan  township,  served  as  a  captain  in 
the  Seventieth  New  York  regiment. 

Jacob  Hulslander,  the  son  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  served  in  a  New  York 
regiment.  He  came  from  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  to  Sullivan  township  in 
1831.     He  died  in  May,  1849. 

Gad  Lamb,  the  pioneer  settler  at  Lamb's  Creek,  was  commissioned  a  captain 
durmg  the  War  of  1813,  but  was  not  called  into  service. 

Francis  Upton  Spencer,  who  lies  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Canoe  Camp,  is 


EAELY     MILITABT    HI8T0HT.  213 

said  to  have  been  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  Xothing  definite  concerning  his 
history  can  be  ascertained. 

Cornelius  Middaugh,  who  settled  in  LaAvrence  township  soon  after  the  War  of 
1812,  served  from  Bradford  county  during  that  struggle. 

John  A.  Smith,  an  early  settler  in  Lawrence  and  later  a  resident  of  Nelson 
township,  was  in  the  service  during  the  war,  presumably  from  Cortland  county, 
New  York,  the  place  of  his  nativity. 

James  Smith,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  an  early  settler  in  Nelson  township, 
also  saw  service,  but  in  what  command  is  not  known. 

Sylvester  Stewart  and  John  Weeks,  both  of  whom  settled  in  Nelson  township 
in  1838,  were  in  the  service  during  the  War  of  1812,  though  in  what  command  cannot 
be  ascertained. 

Col.  Marinus  W.  StuU,  a  native  of  Southport,  Clumung  county.  New  York,  was 
an  early  settler  at  Elkland.  He  served  in  the  War  of  1812  from  his  native  State, 
and  later  in  life  was  for  seven  years  a  colonel  of  militia.     He  died  at  Elkland  m 

June,  1864.  ^.        ^.    ,       ,        ,,        _ 

William  Casbeer  was  a  resident  of  Tioga  county,  N.w  \ork,  when  the  «ar 
began  He  served  in  it,  and  in  1816  removed  to  Osc.ola,  remaining  there  until 
1841  when  he  located  in  Farmington  township,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of 
his  life.     Hifl  mother,  Catherine  Jay,  waa  a  descendant  of  John  Jay,  the  celebrated 

^"""'william  Wass,  who  was  boi-n  in  Su.se.x  county.  Now  York,  saw  service  during 
the  wax  and  in  1817  settled  in  Deerfield  township.  A  few  years  later  he  removed  to 
Chatham  township,  where  he  died  May  18,  1889,  in  his  ninety-fifth  year. 

Asahel  Nobles,  son  of  Azel  Nobles,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  served  in  the  \\  ar 
of  1812  and  settled  in  Brookfield  township  in  181.1,  coming  into  the  township  with 
his  father.     Five  generations  of  the  family  have   lived  on   the  old   homestead   in 

Brookfield  township.  ,  t   t 

George  W  Hunt,  son  of  George  Hunt,  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  Indian  \\  ar, 
was  bom  in  Connecticut  in!  r7 1.  During  the  War  of  1812  he  served  three  years, 
enlisting  from  Jliddleton,  Delaware  county.  New  York.  He  removed  to  Brook- 
field township  in  1811  and  there  resided  until  his  death  in  1859. 

Godfrey  Bowman  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1792.  In  1802  he  removed  to 
Kingston,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  March,  1813,  enlisted  in  the  Kingston  Volunteers, 
under  ( 'aptain  Thomas.  He  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  shipyard  at  Erie,  and 
worked  upon  the  ships  for  Porr\-'s  lleet.  He  was  ordered  aboard  the  "Soiners"'  in 
August,  1813,  commanded  by  Captain  Amy,  and  took  part  in  the  celebrated  naval 
battle  on  Lake  Erie.  September  10,  1813,  known  in  history  as  'Terry s  Victors." 
He  was  wounded,  but  as  soon  as  his  wound  wa.-;  dressed  he  returned  to  his  post.  In 
testimony  of  his  bravery,  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  presented  him  vrith  a  medal, 
which  is  now  in  the  pos.session  of  his  son,  Hon.  Charles  0.  Bowman,  of  Erie  county, 
Pennsylvania,  Ho  settled  in  Brookfield  township  in  1810,  and  there  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  life. 

Dunean  L.  Thompson,  an  early  settler  in  WestfieUl  towiiship,  served  at  Sark.tts 
Harbor  as  a  soldier  durinj:  the  War  of  1812. 

Daniel  Hunt  was  bom  in  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1796,  and  was  the 


214  HISTOBY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

son  of  William  Hunt,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  Daniel  was  reared  in  Lansing,  New 
York,  and  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813.  In  1840  he  settled  in  Westfield 
township,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  December  14,  1862. 

Jared  Davis  was  born  in  Ehode  Island,  September  25,  1795,  and  was  reared  to 
manhood  in  the  town  of  Butternut,  Otsego  county,  New  York,  serving  as  as  soldier 
during  the  War  of  1813.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Knoxville,  but  only  remained  one 
year.  In  1846  he  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  Gaines  township,  where 
he  remained  until  1858,  when  he  took  up  his  residence  at  what  is  now  known  as 
Davis  Station,  in  Clymer  township.     Here  he  died  November  23,  1883. 

Thomas  Eldridge,  a  native  of  Vermont,  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1847,  and 
settled  in  Clymer  township,  where  he  died  in  1867.  He  was  the  son  of  a  Eevolu- 
tionary soldier  and  served  in  the  War  of  1813. 

Matthew  Boom,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  in  1798,  did  service  as  a 
guide  during  the  War  of  1813.  In  1836  he  settled  in  Chatham  township  and  there 
resided  until  his  death. 

Samuel  P.  King,  who  settled  in  Chatham  township  in  1843,  saw  service  during 
the  War  of  1812.     He  died  in  1864,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Jason  Cooper,  who  came  from  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  in  1844,  and  set- 
tled in  Chatham  township,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  serving  from  New 
York. 

John  Crippen  was  born  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  in  1796.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  he  entered  the  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  War  of  1813,  as 
a  substitute  for  a  man  named  Kimball.  In  1834  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  located 
in  Eutland  township,  remaining  until  1839,  when  he  removed  to  Farmington  town- 
ship, and  became  the  first  settler  on  Farmington  Hill.   _  He  died  March  4,  1875. 

Peter  Mourey  was  born  in  Germany  in  1793,  and  came  to  America  with  his 
parents  in  childhood.  They  settled  in  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  Peter 
resided  until  1830,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  located  in  Farmington 
township,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  While  living  in  Berks  county 
he  served  as  a  soldier  during  the  War  of  1813. 

Duncan  Carl,  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  came  from  Washington  county. 
New  York,  and  settled  in  Farmington  township  in  1846. 

Stephen  Morrill,  Jr.,  a  native  of  Maine,  served  in  the  War  of  1813  from  his 
native  state.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolutionary  war,  and  both  settled  in 
Jackson  township  in  the  early  thirties,  where  Stephen,  Jr.,  died  in  1881. 

Solomon  Westbiook  was  born  in  Chemung  county.  New  York,  in  1796,  there 
grew  to  manhood,  and  served  in  the  War  of  1813.  A  few  years  after  the  close  of 
the  war  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  lived  two  years  in  Lawrence  township,  and  then 
settled  permanently  in  Middlebury  township,  where  he  died  in  August,  1863. 

Henry  H.  Potter  was  born  in  Ehode  Island,  September  15,  1791,  and  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Onondaga  county,  New  York,  in  1804.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  War  of  1813,  serving  under  General  Scott,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Lundy's  Lane  and  other  engagements  on  the  Canadian  frontier.  In  1837  he  came 
to  Tioga  county  and  located  in  Lawrenceville,  and  later  removed  to  Tioga,  where 
he  remained  until  1843,  when  he  settled  at  what  is  now  known  as  Middlebury 
Center,  in  Middlebury  township.     Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  March  24,  1879. 


EABLY    MILITABT    HI8T0BT.  215 

Vine  Seagers,  served  during  the  War  of  1812  from  his  native  state,  Massachu- 
setts, and  soon  afterward  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  Charleston  township. 
He  afterward  removed  to  Westfield.     He  died  in  December,  1871. 

Royal  Cole,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  also  served  in  the  War  of  1812.  He 
settled  at  Wellsboro  in  1818,  residing  there  imtU  his  death,  July  4,  1849,  in  his 
ninetieth  year. 

John  Pershing,  a  native  of  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  a 
soldier  of  the  War  of  1812,  located  in  Gaines  township  in  1814,  coming  by  canoe 
from  Williamsport.  He  removed  to  Potter  county  in  1840,  but  finally  returned  to 
Gaines,  where  he  died  October  12,  1886,  in  his  one  hundredth  year. 

Homer  Ruggles,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  and  an  early  settler  in  Elk  town- 
ship, served  in  the  War  of  1812.     He  died  in  1865. 

John  Sebring  was  bom  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  25,  1793,  and  was 
a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  at  Liberty. 
Possessing  a  fondness  for  military  duties,  he  was  successively  commissioned  captain, 
major,  colonel,  and  June  22,  1854,  a  brigadier  general  of  militia.  He  died  a  few 
years  ago  at  an  advanced  age. 

John  Neal,  who  was  born  near  Philadelphia,  and  who  became  one  of  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Liberty  township,  was  a  soldier  during  the  War  of  1812.  He 
died  in  1871. 

John  J.  Cole,  son  of  John  Cole,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  served  during  the 
War  of  1812.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  about  1827  and  settled  in  Union  township. 
He  died  in  Canton,  Bradford  county,  in  1865. 

OLD    TIME    MILITIA    SYSTEM. 

The  act  of  April  10,  1807,  directed  the  organization  of  the  militia  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  the  State  was  apjiortioned  into  military  divisions,  with  a  major  general 
commanding.  Tioga  county  belonged  to  the  Ninth  division,  and  some  of  the 
officers  served  for  years  at  a  time.  According  to  the  law,  company  organizations 
met  on  the  first  Monday  of  May  for  practice  and  drill.  This  wa.'^  followed  on  the 
second  Jlonday  by  battalion  drill  and  inspection,  at  which  the  general  commanding 
and  other  line  oEBcers  appeared.  These  "training"  days  were  a  great  event.  The 
men  usually  appeared  with  corn  stalks  and  canes  for  arms,  and  thus  equipped  were 
"put  through"  the  manual.  Many  exciting  incidents  occurred  on  these  warlike 
occasions,  and  there  are  men  yet  living  who  have  a  vivid  recollection  of  the  fights 
and  fisticuffs  that  occurred  on  "training  day."  The  region  of  Tioga  county  did  not 
come  under  the  militia  law  until  about  1812.  Two  citizens  of  Osceola  attained  the 
rank  of  colonel,  but  the  date  cannot  be  ascertained.  Robert  Tubbs"  term  as  colonel 
expired  about  1821,  and  Philip  Taylor  was  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
ninth  regiment.  Second  brigade.  Ninth  division,  from  1828  to  1835.  As  late  as 
June  2,  1848,  James  Tubbs  was  captain  of  the  Sixth  company,  Second  battalion. 
Third  regiment.  Tenth  division. 

In  early  day.'*  battalion  "traininj,'s'  were  usuallv  held  at  Knoxvillc,  or  Willards- 
burp,  now  known  as  the  Iwrough  of  Tioga.  As  late  as  1830  Inspector  Horton,  of 
Bradford  county,  was  a  reviewing  officer.  In  the  days  of  Colonel  Taylor,  Hiram 
Freeborn  was  lieutenant  colonel,  and  Marinus  W.  Stull  major.     Georp'  T.  Frazer 


216  HISTOET  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


was  captain  of  the  Deerfield  company,  Israel  P.  Kinney  of  tHe  Middlebury  company, 
and  Timothy  S.  Coats  of  the  Elkland  company.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of 
the  Eebellion,  Eobert  C.  Cox,  of  Liberty,  was  brigade  inspector  under  the  old 
militia  laws. 

THE  MEXICAN  WAK. 

Pezmsylvania  furnished  but  two  regiments  to  the  army  that  invaded  Mexico  in 
1846-47  and  wrested  from  her  all  that  portion  of  her  territory  lying  north  of  the 
Eio  Grande.  As  these  regiments  were  enlisted  in  the  larger  cities  and  near  the  hues 
of  railroad  and  the  sea  coast,  Tioga  county  was  not  formally  called  upon  to  help  fill 
their  ranks. 

George  Henry  Gee,  who  was  living  at  the  time  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  war 
within  the  present  limits  of  Osceola  borough,  accompanied  the  army  of  General 
Taylor  in  his  campaign  in  Mexico,  but  not  in  the  capacity  of  a  soldier. 

George  Hebe  was  born  in  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  in  1809.  In  1819  he  came 
to  America  with  his  step-father,  who  settled  in  Liberty  township.  In  1833  he  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Myrtle,  of  Schuylkill  county,  where  he  appears  to  have  resided  for  a 
number  of  years  afterward.  In  1843-44  he  was  colonel  of  the  Schuylkill  County 
Volunteers.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  "War  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  First  Pennsylvania  regiment,  under  Colonel  Wynkoop.  He  served  during  the 
war  and  was  promoted  to  a  staff  office.  He  died  a  few  years  ago  in  Liberty  township, 
at  an  advanced  age. 


CHAPTER  XY. 

"WAK  OP  THE  EEBELLION. 

The  Pieing  on  Foet  Sumtee— Reception  of  the  News  in  Wellsboro— Meeting 

OF  THE   BOEOUGH   COUNCIL— RESOLUTIONS   ADOPTED— MES.    MAEY  H.    CLYMEE'S 

Patriotic  Act  and  Lbttee— The  Fiest  Volunteers- Gen.  Robeet  C.  Cox's 
Interesting  Naeeative— Rosters  of  Companies  Raised  in  Tioga  County 
—Miscellaneous  Commands— In  New  York  Regiments— In  Other  States— 
The  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry- Soldiees'  Monument— Losses 
IN  the  War. 


THE  moment  the  startling  report  of  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  reached  Tioga 
county,  the  patriotism  of  the  people  was  aroused,  and  in  a  few  days  it  was  at  fever 
heat.  Such  a  traitorous  act  served  to  quickly  tear  away  the  cobwebs  of  sophistry 
which  had  obscured  the  judgment  of  men,  and  imited  them  in  defense  of  the  flag. 
The  news  of  the  assault  reached  Washington  April  13,  1861,  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  15th  President  Lincoln  issued  his  call  for  75,000  volunteers  to  put  down  the 


WAB    OF    THE    BEBELLION.  217 


insurrection.     There  was  a  quick  and  noble  response  on  the  part  of  the  people.     On 
April  20  the  council  of  Wellsboro  met  and  passed  the  following: 

Whereas,  The  general  government  having  called  upon  the  states  for  troops  to  sus- 
tain its  authority,  and  the  people  of  this  village  having  manifested  a  praiseworthy 
alacrity  and  zeal  in  responding  to  the  call,  now  therefore  we,  the  burgess  and  council  of 
Wellsboro,  acting  officially  do  hereby 

Besolve,  That  we  vrill  pledge  the  faith  of  this  borough  to  provide  for  the  families  of 
such  of  our  citizens,  during  such  service,  as  may  enlist  and  serve  in  the  army  of  our 
government  and  our  country. 

Samuel  R.  Smith,  H.  Sherwood, 

Clerk  pro  tern.  Burgett. 

Eobert  C.  Simpson,  Esq.,  on  behalf  of  Mrs.  William  B.  Clymer,  then  a  resident 
of  the  village,  presented  to  the  people  of  Wellsboro,  through  the  burgess  and  council, 
a  United  States  flag,  which  was  accepted  by  resolution  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  this  board  accept  the  beautiful  flag  presented  by  Mrs.  William  B. 
Clymer,  and  have  a  lively  sense  of  gratitude  for  this  token  of  her  friendship  towards  the 
people  of  Wellsboro,  and  her  patriotism  in  the  hour  of  our  country's  trial. 

Resolved  that  the  burgess  transmit  to  Mrs.  Clymer  a  copy  of  this  resolution. 

On  receipt  of  the  foregoing  resolution  of  thanks  .Mrs.  Clymer  replied  in  the  fol- 
lowing patriotic  letter: 

Wellsboro,  May  'J,  1861. 
Henbt  Sherwood,  Esq. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  the  pleasure  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  this  afternoon  of  your 
polite  note  of  the  4th  instant,  with  a  copy  of  the  resolutions  passed  the  same  day  by  the 
burgess  and  council  of  Wellsboro. 

I  am  gratified  to  learn  that  the  flag  which  I  bad  the  pleasure  of  presenting  to  the 
•people  of  Wellsboro  bus  been  accepted  by  them  in  the  spirit  in  which  it  was  presented. 
I  trust  that  rebellion  will  be  crushed  in  the  land — the  cause  of  law  and  order  be  upheld, 
and  that  the  same  emblem  of  liberty  which  floats  over  "The  tireen,"  and  from  the  house- 
tops of  our  beautiful  village,  will  spread  its  ample  folds  to  the  end  of  time,  with  no  star 
erased,  no  stripe  polluted,  over  every  sea  and  over  the  entire  length  and  breadth  of  the 
American  Union. 

With  sentiments  of  respect  for  the  burgess  and  council  of  Wellsboro,  I  am,  very  truly 
yours.  Mary  H.  Clyukr*. 

No  county  in  the  Commonwealth  evinced  a  higher  degree  of  patriotism,  or  was 
more  prompt  in  furnishing  volunteers  to  aid  in  suppressing  the  Rebellit)n,  than 
Tioga.  Gen.  IJobert  C.  Cox,  in  his  pamphlet  entitled  "ilemories  of  the  War,"  tUuih 
tolls  how  quickly  they  actod  on  the  receipt  of  the  startling  news  that  Fort  Sumter 
had  been  taken  and  that  our  troops  had  been  fired  upon  in  Baltimore: 

On  a  beautiful  Sunday  morning,  April  21,  18C1.  while  eating  breakfast,  I  heard  a  rap 
at  tho  door.  I  immediately  opened  it  and  found  stamliii'j  there  Julius  Sherwood,  of 
Wellsboro,  and  Capt.  Nelson  Whitney,  of  Charleston.  They  said:  "We  have  come  here 
to  get  you  to  go  with  usf  to  Wellsboro."  I  asked  :  '  For  what  purpose?"  Thty  replied  : 
"Have  you  not  beard  the  news  that  Fort  Sumter  has  been  fired  upon  and  Major  Anderson 
compelled  to  surrender,  and  that  only  day  before  yesterday  our  troops  were  fired  upon 
while  paSHing  throu^'li  Baltimore  en  route  to  proti-ct  and  save  the  Nation's  capital?"  I 
said  I  had  heard  the  news  from  Sumter,  but  knew  nothing  about  the  firing  on  our  troop-. 


*MTt   Clymer,  Ihc  wrllcr  of  IhU  patriotic  letter,  was  loel,  together  with  her  son  and  dauehter,  bv  Uie  »ink- 
tncorthc  Pomerauia,  November  ij,  i('7'< 

f  ilrneral  Coa  waa  then  llviiiK  at  Liberty,  but  U  now  a  resident  of  Wellsboro. 


218  HISTOKY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


They  said  :  "You  are  the  brigade  inspector  of  this  county  and  we  want  you  to  or- 
ganize two  companies  at  Wellsboro  of  100  men  each,  and  to  go  with  us  to-day,  for  the 
men  will  be  there  so  that  it  can  be  done  to-morrow."  They  then  left  me  and  went  to  the 
hotel. 

After  breakfast  I  called  at  the  hotel,  and  in  a  short  time  the  Liberty  drum  corps  was 
on  hand,  and  in  less  than  one  hour  there  was  a  large  gathering  of  people  in  and  about 
the  hotel  and  on  the  street.  Service  was  to  be  held  in  the  Methodist  and  Evangelical 
churches  at  10.30  A.  M.;  but  the  result  was  that  no  service  was  held  in  either  church, 
for  the  people  were  all  engaged  in  another  matter. 

About  3  o'clock  the  same  day  Gen.  Josiah  Harding,  Col.  Levi  Landon,  Maj.  J.  G. 
Albeck,  J.  H.  Levegood  and  I  myself  started  for  Wellsboro,  reaching  there  about  3  o'clock 
Monday  morning.  We  found  the  town  illuminated  from  one  end  to  the  other.  Men  were 
standing  in  groups  on  almost  every  corner  discussing  the  question  of  enlisting  for  the 
war;  there  was  no  chance  for  any  one  to  sleep.  About  3  o'clock  P.  M.,  we  organized  a 
company  of  100  men,  who  elected  Julius  Sherwood  their  captain.  Immediately  we  organ- 
ized another  company  of  100  men,  who  elected  Alanson  E.  Niles  their  captain. 

On  the  follovying  day,  Tuesday,  we  went  to  Tioga  borough.  I  organized  a  company 
of  100  men,  who  elected  Hugh  McDonald  their  captain.  The  same  evening  I  went  to 
Lawrenceville  and  after  dusk  we  met  in  a  large  hall  and  organized  a  company  of  100  men, 
who  elected  Phil.  Holland  their  captain.  The  next  day,  Wednesday,  I  went  to  Covington 
and  there  organized  a  company  of  100  men,  who  elected  A.  L.  Johnson  their  captain. 
The  same  afternoon  we  went  to  Mainesburg  and  there  organized  a  company  of  100  men, 
who  elected  Henry  B.  Card  their  captain — making  six  companies  in  all. 

On  Monday  morning  the  two  Wellsboro  companies  started  for  Troy,  Bradford 
county,  and  on  reaching  Covington  we  were  joined  by  Captains  Holland's,  McDonald's 
and  Johnson's  companies.  In  this  way  we  foriued  a  line  of  march  and  reaching  the  forks 
of  the  road  leading  from  Mainesburg  to  Troy,  were  joined  by  Captain  Card  and  his  com- 
pany, forming  a  line  of  at  least  half  a  mile  in  length  while  we  were  on  the  march  about 
five  miles  from  Troy. 

All  of  a  sudden  the  column  halted,  and  I  never  knew  who  gave  the  order.  The  center 
of  the  column,  where  our  flag  was  being  carried,  was  in  front  of  a  farm  house,  whose 
occupant,  as  I  soon  learned,  was  known  to  some  of  the  boys  to  be  a  sympathizer  vnth 
rebels.  I  saw  some  of  the  men  go  to  the  house  and  the  old  farmer  came  out,  while 
others  took  the  flag  and  placed  it  in  the  farmer's  door  yard,  vyhen  he  was  ordered  to  get 
down  on  his  knees  under  the  flag  and  ask  God  to  forgive  him,  or  his  house  would  come 
down.  He  did  it,  apparently  with  a  hearty  good  will.  We  then  proceeded  on  our  journey, 
reaching  Troy  about  8  o'clock  P.  M.,  where  we  met  with  a  most  cordial  and  welcome 
reception.  The  people  opened  their  halls,  churches  and  private  houses  to  make  room  for 
us  and  afford  us  accommodations. 

We  were  compelled  to  remain  there  about  eight  days  for  the  want  of  transportation. 
After  the  expiration  of  five  or  six  days  our  men  became  quite  dissatisfied  with  their  sit- 
uation, declaring  that  they  had  left  their  homes  to  go  to  the  front  and  fight  rebels,  and 
that  they  wanted  to  go  on  or  return  home.  There  was  a  meeting  of  the  officers  called, 
and  at  that  meeting  it  was  decided  that  General  Harding  should  go  immediately  to  Har- 
risburg  and  state  our  condition  to  Governor  Curtin  and  ask  that  transportation  be  fur- 
nished at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  The  General  left  Troy  the  same  day.  The  next 
day,  on  his  return  from  Harrisburg,  and  on  reaching  Northumberland,  where  the  train 
stopped  for  a  short  time,  the  General  had  occasion  to  step  from  the  car  a  moment,  and 
when  about  to  step  on  the  porch  of  a  hotel  he  was  seized  by  three  men  and  pushed 
through  the  crowd  into  a  room  and  the  door  locked.  He  wore  a  full  regulation  uniform,  as 
required  under  the  old  militia  law,  consisting  of  a  pair  of  large  gilt  epaulets  and  chapeau 
cap,  which  attracted  attention.  They  took  him  to  be  a  rebel  spy!  »  *  *  They  kept 
the  General  until  they  received  a  dispatch  from  Troy  that  he  was  all  right,  when  they 
released  him.    The  General  made  this  statement  to  me  the  next  morning. 

We  occupied  the  time  as  well  as  we  could  while  there,  drilling  or  learning  the  first 
school  of  a  soldier  without  arms.      Finally  transportation  was  furnished  and  we  were 


WAK    OF    THE    BEBELLIOX.  219 


all  taken  to  Harrisburg,  where  we  reported  to  Col.  Edward  Bruce,  the  commanding 
officer  of  Camp  Curtin.  Here  we  remained  about  two  weeks,  during  which  time  our  men 
suffered  very  much;  for  three  days  it  rained  almost  continuously,  mixed  with  snow. 
More  than  one-half  of  our  men  were  without  blankets  and  some  without  tents;  many 
were  thinly  dressed,  expecting  to  be  clad  with  the  national  blue  as  soon  as  we  reached 
Harrisburg.  We  made  frequent  caUs  on  Governor  Curtin,  who  finally  told  us  that  the 
quota  that  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  was  to  furnish  was  more  than  full,  and  that  they 
did  not  have  clothing  and  equipments  for  more  than  one-half  of  our  men.  Ck>Dsequently 
Captain  McDonald  with  part  of  his  company.  Captain  Holland  with  part  of  his  company, 
Captain  Sherwood  with  part  of  his  company,  and  Captain  XUes  with  part  of  his  com- 
pany, were  mustered  into  the  service.     The  remainder,  about  300  men,  were  sent  home. 

THIETT-FIFTH  EEGIMENT — SIXTH  BESEEVE. 

This  regiment  was  composed  of  men  who  had  responded  to  the  call  of  President 
Lincoln  issued  immediately  after  the  fall  of  I'ort  Sumter.  Upon  their  arrival  at 
Camp  Curtin,  Harrisburg,  finding  it  impossible  to  be  accepted  for  the  three  months' 
service,  the  quota  being  already  full,  they  re-enlisted  for  a  term  of  three  years,  the 
"Tioga  luvincibles,"  commanded  by  Capt.  Julius  Sherwood,  becoming  Company  H,  of 
this  regiment,  the  organization  of  which  was  completed  June  22, 1861.  It  continued 
in  the  service  until  June  11,  18G4,  when  it  was  mustered  out  at  Harrisburg. 

The  following  were  the  field  officers  selected  at  the  time  the  regiment  was  or- 
ganized: W.  Wallace  Eicketts,  of  Columbia  county,  colonel;  William  Penrose,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel; Henry  J.  Madill,  of  Bradford  county,  major;  Henry  B.  M'Kean, 
Bradford  county,  adjutant.  The  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Third  Brigade  of 
General  M'Call's  Division.  Its  initial  engagement  was  fought  at  Drainsville,  De- 
cember 20,  1861,  and  resulted  in  a  Union  victory.  The  principal  engagements  in 
which  it  afterwards  participated  were  Malvern  Hill,  Gaines  Mills,  Second  Bull  Run, 
Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  (Jettysburg,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania  and  Bethesda 
Church.  In  the  last  engngenient,  though  the  regiment  was  but  1 JO  strong,  it  cap- 
tured 102  and  buried  seventy-two  dead  rebels  in  its  immediate  front. 

After  three  years'  service  in  the  camp  and  on  the  march,  in  which  it  shared  the 
privations  and  hardships,  as  well  as  the  glory,  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  regi- 
ment, on  June  1,  1864,  started  for  Harrisburg,  where  it  was  mustered  out  of  service 
on  the  Mth  of  the  same  month. 

Company  H  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  at  Wellsboro,  the  date  of  its  organi- 
zation being  June  2'i,  1861.  It  was  known  as  the  'Tioga  Invincibles."  The  follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  its  commissioned,  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates: 

Captains:  Julius  Slierwood  and  James  Carle.  Captain  Carle  subsequently 
served  as  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  from 
June  6,  1864. 

I'irst  Lieutenants:  Marinus  N.  Allen,  James  Carle,  John  W.  Rose,  Silas  S. 
Rockwell  I  and  James  B.  Goodman. 

Second  Lieutenants:    John  W.  Rose,  John  Hinman,  Reuben  M.  Pratt*,  Silas 

RockwollJ  and  James  B.  Goodman.     Frank  A.  Foster  was   commissioned   second 

lieutenant  September  17,  1863,  but  was  not  mustered,  having  died  May  10,  1S63,  of 

wounds  received  in  action.     It  was  a  post-mortem  recognition  of  meritorinus  service. 

Quartermaster:    A.  A.  Scudder. 


•  Killnl  or  mortally  woumlcd.    {  Woundnl.    r  Died. 


220  HISTOET   01'   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Commissary  Sergeant:    James  B.  Groodman. 

Sergeants:  James  Carle,  Eeuben  M.  Pratt*,  A.  A.  Scudder,  Silas  S.  Roekwellt, 
John  Hinman,  A.  S.  Husselton,  A.  E.  Vermilyea,  Calvin  Ely,  Eansford  B.  Webb, 
Hiram  J.  Eamsdell,  George  W.  Merrick,  Prank  A.  Foster*  and  W.  Prank  Bailey. 

Corporals:  George  W.  Merrick,  Hiram  J.  Eamsdell,  Eansford  B.  Webb,  Charles 
H.  Maxwell,  A.  E.  Vermilyea,  A.  S.  Hnsselton,  Calvin  Ely,  Oscar  J.  Phillips,  Hobaxt 
Eipley,  James  S.  Statts,  Charles  Yahn,  John  S.  Blanchard,  P.  E.  Warren,  S.  P. 
Stacey,  Abram  Lyon,  C.  C.  Cone,  W.  P.  Christian  and  William  D.  Van  Horn*. 

Musicians:    William  Wisner  and  C.  E.  Nichols. 

Privates:  Erwin  E.  Athertonf,  P.  H.  Blanchard,  Caleb  Babb,  John  Ballard, 
James  N.  Bickel,  Patrick  Brown,  Lucien  J .  Bragg,  Morgan  L.  Bacon,  Josiah  Coolidge, 
Thomas  Conway,  Edmund  Carriel,  Orlando  V.  Crans,  Ira  P.  Curran,  Camp- 
bell Cole*,  James  Cowden*,  Wallace  Codney,  Simon  Dnrlacher,  Arnold  Dick- 
inson, John  Doyle,  George  W.  Emmick,  John  L.  Emmick,  Thomas  L.  Emmick, 
John  Gibbony,  George  H.  Gotchins,  George  L.  Grinnell,  John  Gibberd*, 
Harrison  C.  Gusten*,  James  H.  Hazlett,  George  Harbst,  Darius  D.  Holiday,  John 
Harrisonf,  William  Huck*,  S.  S.  Ives,  Burke  P.  Ives,  John  D.  Jones,  Han- 
nibal Jay,  George  JenningsJ,  Jeremiah  Jennings*,  Henry  Kimble,  Henry  J.  Keeney, 
William  Kriner,  Luther  J.  Keeney,  S.  J.  Losinger,  Jeremiah  Love,  Prank  Long- 
bothum,  Charles  H.  Maxwell,  William  Margraff*,  James  Moore*,  Thomas  K.  Mc- 
Clure,  Michael  Macumber,  Chester  E.  Nichols,  Jerry  O'Cohnell,  Chauncey  K. 
PahnerJ,  Harry  T.  Peet,  Joseph  D.  Eamsdall,  Joseph  E.  Eumsey,  Albert  J.  Eussell, 
William  Sando,  Michael  Smith,  John  Sulhvan,  Jacob  F.  SchieflEelin,  S.  E.  Seaman, 
Benjamin  Seely,  A.  0.  Swatswood,  John  Taggart*,  George  E.  Wilson,  Asa  Warriner, 
Hiram  Warriner,  William  H.  Wisener,  William  WingateJ,  Job  Wetmore,  Almond 
Wetmore  and  D.  W.  Wetherbeef . 

FOETT-SECOND  EEGIMENT BUOKTAILS. 

This  famous  regiment  was  at  first  commanded  by  Col.  Thomas  L.  Kane,  and 
was  organized  June  12,  1861.  As  its  history  is  well  known  it  need  not  be  repeated 
here.  Each  man  wore  a  bucktail  in  his  cap,  which  became  the  emblem  of  the  regi- 
ment. After  seeing  much  hard  service  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  June  11, 1864, 
having  served  three  years. 

"The  old  bunting,"  says  Bates,  "which  had  floated  over  the  rafts  on  which  the 
original  Bucktails  were  borne  down  the  Susquehanna  in  April,  1861,  and  which  had 
been  carried  by  them  in  all  their  campaigns,  was  borne  in  procession  in  Philadelphia, 
on  the  4th  of  July,  1866,  by  the  scarred  veterans  who  survived,  and  delivered  up  to 
the  governor,  amid  the  loud  acclamations  of  the  multitudes,  as  they  recognized  the 
familiar  emblem  that  surmounted  its  staff." 

Alanson  E.  Files,  who  entered  the  service  as  captain  of  Company  E,  which 
was  recruited  at  Wellsboro,  was  promoted  to  major  March  1,  1863,  and  to  lieutenaat- 
colonel.  May  15, 1863.  William  T.  Humphrey,  of  Osceola,  who  went  out  as  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  regiment,  was  promoted  to  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  November  1,  1863.  Lucius  Truman,  who  went  out 
as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  E,  was  promoted  to  quartermaster  March  1,  1863. 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded,    t  Wounded,    f  nied. 


WAE    OF    THE    BEBELLION.  221 


( 'onipany  A  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  at  Lawrenceville,  the  roster  being  as 
follows: 

Captains:    Philip  Holland*  and  John  G.  Harrower. 

I'irst  Lieutenants:    John  G.  Harrower,  Xeri  B.  Kinsey  and  Edwin  B.  Leonard. 

Second  Lieutenants:    Neri  B.  Kinsey,  Edwin  B.  Leonard  and  Daniel  Orcutt*. 

Sergeants:  Edwin  B.  Leonard,  Ariel  K.  Sayles,  Edmund  J.  Hunt,  John  Hawe, 
Daniel  S.  Boardman,  Andrew  Godfrey,  John  M.  Steele,  A.  V.  Vanarsdale,  William 
N.  Rumsey,  Orrin  M.  Stebbins*,  and  Samuel  0.  ilillsworth*. 

Corporals:  John  B.  Wakeley,  Almond  J.  Smith  J,  Horace  A.  Stevens  and  Albert 
A.  Seeley* 

Privates:  Eli  S.  Arnold,  Francis  Buck,  Albert  BakerJ,  Uriah  Brimer,  George 
W.  Bowman,  Wallace  Bogart*,  Thaddeus  Babcock*,  Edwin  T.  Bruce*,  Seymore 
Beeman,  Simon  B.  Card,  Omer  Colgrove,  Norman  K.  Cobel,  Alplious  Cady,  Henry 
S.  Cowells,  Washington  Counselman,  Charles  W.  Clark,  William  H.  Chase,  Joseph 
Conklin*,  James  Cole,  Jr.f,  John  Crockett,  George  K.  Doyle,  Levi  DurkesJ,  George 
Dougherty,  Samuel  S.  Davis,  James  K.  DavidsonI,  Henry  S.  Dorcy,  R.  B.  Drum- 
mond,  Solomon  Dreifuse,  Leroy  P.  Davis*,  Eben  B.  Drummon*.  Charles  Drier,  Wil- 
ton Edgarton,  Michael  Evans,  Samuel  Freeland,  Freedom  I'numan,  Ktulun  S. 
Grover,  Farnsworth  GortonJ,  Abner  Goodel,  Willard  fJoodnough*,  Charles  Guyer*, 
George  H.  Gee*,  Frederick  M.  Heyler,  Pierce  Ilirrick,  Hiram  W.  Harvey,  John  Hill, 
Gabriel  F.  Harrower,  Michael  Hardy*,  Benjamin  K.  Impson,  Joseph  ('.  Impsonf, 
George  Kemball,  Niles  V.  Kinsey,  Joseph  Krinerf,  William  J.  Lewis,  George  V..  Lyon, 
Lewis  0.  Tjewis*,  Alexander  G.  McFall,  Perry  JlcClurc,  Hugh  J.  Magee,  Patrick  Mc- 
Cort,  Joseph  Miller,  James  H.  Miller,  Adon  Moorehousc,  A.  Ncwiomert,  Henry 
O'Dell,  Edward  Clin,  Benjamin  F.  Phinney,  S.  D.  PhiUips,  Seeley  B.  Rowley,  Silas 
Roher*,  Tip  Reed*,  John  R.  Rowley,  Eli  B.  Soamant,  William  E.  Self,  Cornelius  J. 
Smith,  Aser  Sweet,  William  R.  Seeley,  Ltvi  Stanley,  T.  W.  Sullivan,  Thomas  P. 
Stewart,  Samuel  Stebbins,  William  G.  Seeley,  Richard  B.  Sullivan,  Henry  H.  Tag- 
gort,  James  C.  Turner,  Isaac  Xan  Viet*,  James  Vastbinder,  Allison  Wiles,  William 
D.  Wright,  James  Walker,  Homer  D.  WebsterJ,  Luther  Wiles,  Samuel  S.  Wakeley, 
.Tames  Webster,  G.  W.  R.  Willoughbyf  and  Mortimer  S.  Wakeley. 

Company  E  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  at  Wellsboro.  Its  roster  is  as 
follows: 

Captains:    Alanson  E.  NilesJ  and  Samuel  A.  MackJ. 

First  Lieutenants:  Lucius  Truman,  George  A.  IjudlowJ,  Samuel  A.  MackJ, 
and  William  Taylor. 

Second  Licutonants:  Samuel  A.  ilackt,  George  A.  LudlowJ  and  William 
Taylor. 

Sergeants:  Gcortro  W.  Scars,  George  0.  Derby,  Georne  A.  Ludlow*,  William 
Taylor,  Jonathan  V.  ]\IorganJ,  Lemuel  Foss,  Robert  G.  Christenot,  Peter  D.  Wal- 
bridge,  Jacob  II nek,  Alfred  G.  BardwellJ,  and  Caleb  Fenton* 

Corporals:  Gilbert  R.  Christenot,  Benjamin  B.  Potter.  Jonathan  V.  ilorganj, 
Robert  Kelsey,  Edwin  Roiijrhton,  Wallace  M.  Moore,  Jnmes  A.  Chri.'itenot,  and  John 
C.  Potts. 


•  Klllrd.T  mortally,  woun'k-d.     tWounded.    tDlcd. 


224  HISTOBY   OP   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


George  L.  Bartlett*,  George  H.  Bockusf,  Alonzo  Boekus,  William  Bixtyf,  Orson 
A.  Benedict,  George  Bacon,  Jacob  Bopp,  Archibald  Curpsman,  Charles  D.  Cook, 
John  Cook,  Max  Van  Caspus,  Jacob  Campfestert,  Thomas  Coyle,  V.  S.  Culver,  Pat- 
rick Consadine,  James  Carr,  Alexander  Caldwell,  Nelson  Carpenter  f,  Charles  Clem- 
ens, John  Conly,  James  Dickinson,  John  E.  Dunn,  Patrick  Daugherty,  James  Doug- 
lass, Hiram  D.  Deming,  William  Downing*,  George  E.  Derbyshiref,  Charles  Ed- 
wards, Daniel  A.  Evans,  James  S.  EnglishJ,  Magnus  Fideal,  Herman  Filmore,  Leroy 

F.  Fuller,  James  Franklinf ,  Lafayette  Godfrey,  Henry  Griffin,  George  Gettings, 
Henry  ¥.  Gill,  Abram  V.  Gill*,  Joseph  Gronden,  Darius  H.  Hotchkisst,  Frank 
Hoef ner,  Simon  L.  Hakes,  James  Hoy,  Joseph  Humphrey,  John  T.  Hauber*,  Henry 

G.  Hilkert,  William  Iseminger,  George  Jenkins,  Edward  P.  Jones,  William  H.  Jonesf, 
Herman  Jenningsf,  Alonzo  Johnson,  Nelson  Knapp,  Francis  E.  KelleyJ,  Patrick 
KelleyJ,  Paul  Kray,  Simon  L.  Kinney,  Adolphus  Kegrise,  Elijah  S.  Kelsey,  Andrew 
J.  Kephart,  Alexander  F.  Losliere,  Almon  Lewis,  William  J.  Marshall,  John  Morri- 
son, James  Monaghan,  Evans  Moyer,  John  Martin,  James  Morse,  Martin  Morgan, 
George  S.  Marvin*,  William  A.  Micklef,  Washington  Munnf,  Willis  J.  Micklef, 
Warren  Munnf,  Thomas  Moore,  George  Micklef,  Conrad  Miller,  John  McMahon, 
Henry  Mcintosh,  Michael  McMaety,  Michael  McBnty,  Stephen  Nottf,  Thomas 
Nolan,  Mark  O'Connor,  Edwin  Ormsby,  Adam  Price,  John  Pettis,  E.  F.  Patterson, 
Carl  PrecitJ,  Erwin  B.  PorterJ,  William  W.  Petersonf ,  Sumner  W.  Pettis,  Almon 
D.  Pitts,  John  H.  Packard,  Joseph  Parke,  Emory  Pollard,  John  M.  Eosebrock,  Alex- 
ander EarahJ,  Henry  T.  EiceJ,  Noah  H.  Bobbins*,  Thomas  J.  Eeesef ,  Charles  H. 
Eogersf,  Josiah  C.  Eeese,  Orville  Soule,  Eli  SmithJ,  Ezra  Smith,  George  Sanders, 
James  S.  Smith,  Jerome  Scott,  Morris  SmithJ,  Philander  P.  Smith,  Jacob  Saxe, 
Vincent  M.  SmithJ,  Philemon  Sloat*,  William  Smith,  J.  Starkweather,  Alvan  Smith, 
Jacob  Squires*,  Horace  M.  Stratton,  Charles  H.  TerbellJ,  Brice  Twigg,  Allen  Thomp- 
son]:, Almon  Thornton,  Edward  L.  Thornton,  Moses  Thompsonf ,  Thomas  Townsend, 
Jacob  Westbrook,  Joseph  Willard,  Daniel  J.  Williams^,  William  P.  Wood*,  Delmar 
Wilsonf,  Charles  White,  John  Williams,  Hiram  Wilcox*>  Chester  Wetmore*  and 
George  C.  Wilday. 

Company  H,  which  was  also  recruited  in  Tioga  county,  embraced  the  following 
roster: 

Captains:  Edward  G.  Schieffelin,  Edgar  F.  Austin  and  Luke  D.  Seely. 

First  Lieutenants:    Enoch.  G.  Howard,  Edgar  P.  Austin  and  Hiram  Pickering. 

Second  Lieutenants:  Eeuben  H.  Close,  John  F.  Trout,  J.  D.  Greenfield,  Levi  E. 
Eobb*  and  Nathan  Edwards. 

Sergeants:  James  I.  Cady,  Benjamin  C.  Hymes,  J.  D.  Greenfield,  Levi  E. 
Eobb*,  Charles  A.  FergusonJ,  George  W.  Tremainf,  Amasa  Clark,  Benjamin  J. 
Dobbs,  Truman  Gilbert,  Ovid  P.  WebsterJ,  Deruyter  Avery,  James  McGeeJ  and 
James  N.  Briscoe*. 

Corporals:  L.  Avery,  Horace  B.  Seymour,  Milton  G.  Holiday*,  James  E.  Hor- 
ton,  Nathan  Edwards,  H.  W.  Bullock,  George  W.  Hastingsf ,  M.  0.  Sutton,  Benjamin 
J.  Dobbs,  Truman  Gilbert,  Ovid  P.  WebsterJ,  Ellison  Moore,  James  O'Eiley,  James 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wouuded.    X  Wounded,    f  Died. 


d'-zyPt^ 


'•:vf' 


WAB    OF    THE    HEBELLION.  225 


McGeeJ,  Albert  W.  Grove,  Thomas  E.  Hill,  John  Howard,  Matthew  Wise,  Michael 
Lawler,  Nathan  E.  Shappee,  Eeuben  Danielst,  Isaac  H.  Sherman*,  Jesse  K.  Wilcoxf, 
William  E.  Parkerf,  Thomas  Dingman*,  Eobert  A.  Lovejoy*  and  Charles  Merrittf . 
Musicians:    Harvey  Sawyer  and  George  Sawyer. 

Privates:     William  Avery|,  Judson  Avery,  Elijah  AmesJ,  Orsamus  Andrews, 
A.  E.  Amesberryf ,  Edward  Aspinwall*,  Clark  Ames*,  Eobert  Anderson,  James  An- 
derson, William  Archer,  Alonzo  H.  BryantJ,  Joseph  Butterworth,  Thomas  Brough- 
ton,  George  W.  BuckbeeJ,  Henry  W.  Bullock,  Charles   D.  BlanchardJ,  Henry   F. 
Bowen*,  Irwin  W.  Blanchard*,  Albert  T.  Bryantf,  Jacob  Bump,  Belfonzo  Burrows, 
John  L.  Bennett,  John  Barry,  Aaron  Burr*,  Aaron .  Benson*,  William  Brockway, 
Van  E.  W.  Ballardf,  John  ColgroveJ,  Abraham  Cassel,  Daniel  Church,  Jr.f,  William 
Cahillf,  John  Clark,  George  Couch,  Henry  C.  CoUony,  Elias  P.  Coon,  Alvin  H. 
Camfield,  John  Cline,  Charles  Dawson,  Hiram  DavisJ,  James  F.  Dewey,  William  il. 
Dunham,  Horace  A.  Deanf,  Amasa   Dodge,  George   W.  Dickinsonf,  Joseph   Ery, 
Xerxes  Feirstine,  Charles  Foster,  William  I'oote,  George  E.  Furgesonf,  George  W. 
i^eelandf,  Stephen  L.  French,  David  French*,  Eodolphus  Fuller,  William  E.  Gee, 
Daniel  H.  Green|,  George  L.  GrinnellJ,  Charles  M.  Goodwin,  William  Greene,  Lewis 
N.  Greene,  William  Gore,  Charles  Gains,  William  11.  L.  Geef,  Joseph  Geary,  John 
Gillespie,  Thomas  E.  Gills*,  George  S.  Gardner,  Q.  D.  Greenfield,  J.  II.  Ilardenburgh, 
Van  B.  Holiday,  James  Hills,  Casper  Hain,  John  Iloman,  Albert  Hahn,  William 
Hayhurst,  Eugene   Herringt,  George    W.  Hoppus,    John    X.  Hotchkissf,  Nelson 
Hacketf, William  Harris,  N.F.Hammond,  Thomas  M.  Jobe*,U.Kleinschmidt, Elliott 
A. Kilbournef, Michael  Kelley*, Truman  King.Martin  Iving, Calvin  T.  KnappJ, James 
M.  Loveef,  Harvey   Latteer,  John   Letlcr,  Levi    L.  Lay,  Andrew    Mock,  William 
MosherJ,  Eobert  Martin*,  Peter  Mericle*,  John    .Miller,  ^Michael    Morris,  Nathan 
Mericlef,  Cyrus  Mannf,  Daniel  Mix,  Lewis  Mtad,  William  E.  McFall,  Daniel  Mc- 
Nainara,  James  P.  McCains,  James  A.  McGrew,  B.  McCollumf,  Ira  Odellt,  ilichael 
O'Mara,  Henry  F.  Odellt,  Eichard  Phillips,  James  Pepperd,  Griffin  Palmer*,  Solon 
Roberts,Charle8Eeynoldsf,JohnC.Eoosa|,WilliamStinson,MorrisX.Sackettt,nenry 
Sheakley,  William  A.  Shafl,  Thomas  Soule,  James  E.  Soule*.  Omar  L.  Soule,  George 
Sylvia*,  Jerome  Seymourf.  Jamos  Smith,  James  Stovcnson,  Thoinais  Suminers,  John 
Smith,  George  H.  Saxton*,  William  Stevenson,  Francis  Stratton*,  Joel  E.  Smith*, 
Charles  Stan  ton  f,  Darwin  Sutton,  Lewis    Sawyer.  Charles   E.  Tremaint,    Charles 
Thompson,  Peter  M.  Tuttlet,  Thomas    Townsend,  Henrj-    Thalhine*.  Daniel    S. 
Taylorf,  Thomas  Turner,  Henry  Thomas,  James  E.  Tremain*.  Guy  Tuttlef,  Wil- 
liam rttcrf,  Jasper  Van  Eiper.  William  Van  Dusen,  Charles  Williams,  Eobert  Wil- 
liams, Charles  Weaver,  Frank  Walker,  George  Wilson,  Henry  S.  Webster*,  Charles 
West,  James  Wil.^on  and  Charles  Waltonf . 

Company  I,  the  third  complete  company  of  this  regiment  recruited  in  Tioga 
county,  had  the  following  roster  of  officers  and  privates: 

Captains:    Francis  M.  Hills,  William  Chaset  and  Charles  ^[.  Hart. 
First  Lieutenants:    George  Dwight  Smith*,  James  E.  Catlin,  William  Chase, 
Charhs  M.  Hart. 


'  Klltrd  or  murtally  wounded.    J  Wounded,    t  I'icd. 
16 


226 


HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Second  Lieutenants:  George  M.  Ackley,  James  M.  Cole*,  Charles  M.  Hart,  De- 
Witt  C.  Hoig*,  James  E.  Catlin  and  Andrew  Strong. 

First  Sergeants:  Samuel  Haynes,  James  E.  CatUn,  Edward  B.  CarveyJ,  Decatur 
Dickinson,  John  B.  Emery  and  Martin  G.  Clark. 

Sergeants:  "William  HofEmant,  John  HaneockJ,  Justus  D.  Strait,  Philo  CarleJ, 
John  B.  Emery,  Alonzo  Bordon*,  Malcom  A.  Eoycef  and  Solon  S.  Darttf. 

Corporals:  Warden  E.  TylerJ,  Walter  E.  Marsh,  Manning  C.  May,  Albert  Sax- 
buryt,  Abram  C.  Ellsworth,  John  L.  JohnsonJ,  Seyman  Hancock,  Charles  F.  Keed, 
John  H.  Buckley t,  Wright  Kedington*,  Darius  Kriner  and  Ovid  H.  Andrewsf. 

Musicians:    Washington  .Larrison,  Emanuel  E.  Hippie  and  Charles  H.  Strait. 

Privates:  James  Adams,  Henry  Albright,  John  S.  Button,  Peter  Boyle,  James 
A.  Buck,  Lewis  Baker,  John  Barr,  Dwight  Blackmore,  Seth  D.  Baxter,  S.  J.  Barnes, 
Warner  Button*,  John  S.  Beachf,  Jasper  Bowker*,  Zadock  Butler,  Burton  Brownf, 
William  V.  Borden,  Lewis  Bacon,  John  W.  Carle,  Newberry  CloosJ,  Joseph  Cahn, 
Joseph  Cowdent,  John  Cleary,  Jehiel  Case*,  Eansford  Campbellf,  Eobert  Cooper, 
Amasa  Dodge,  Seldon  B.  Dimmick,  Samuel  M.  Donley,  John  Deitrich,  James  S. 
Donleyt,  Eli  Dickensf,  George  Duncan,  Thomas  Degan,  Alva  Dickens,  Charles  C. 
EdsonJ,  Harrison  D.  Eastman,  James  English,  Joseph  0.  English,  Lewis  EUiottf, 
Henry  A.  EUiottJ,  Chester  Ellis,  George  C.  English,  George  English*,  John  A. 
FletcherJ,  Charles  Francis,  Joseph  Finney,  Charles  Foskf,  John  Gillespie,  Albert 
M.  HandyJ,  Charles  H.  Howell,  Abram  E.  Hahn,  Henry  Humphrey,  Theodore 
Helter,  Levi  H.  Hahn,  Francis  HandyJ,  William  H.  Hardy,  Harvey  Hayes,  Ellis  P. 
Hotelling*,  Charlton  Handy*,  Alexander  Henry*,  Absalom  Hunsinger,  Charles 
Hurlburtson,  James  Hampson,  Allen  Hotelling,  John  Huch,  Sylvester  Houghton, 
George  Hawks,  Amos  Jillison,  James  E.  Johnsonf,  Darius  Johnsonf,  John  J.  John- 
sonf,  James  E.  Jonesf ,  Stephen  F.  Kennedy,  John  Kirkpatrickf ,  Thomas  Lawton, 
Warren  Lawton,  Dominick  Lynch,  Lewis  E.  Long,  William  Lloyd,  David  Langdon, 
Washington  Larrison,  Thomas  Lanning,  Thomas  D.  Marsh,  John  P.  Miller,  Patrick 
Maney,  Edwin  E.  Mills,  Lewis  Myers,  James  Morton,  George  S.  Mattisonf,  Thomas 
Mulvaney,  Noah  C.  Morton*,  Marshall  M.  Maynardf,  William  Mores,  Christopher 
Millerf,  Charles  McGhee,  Spencer  NewberryJ,  Hiram  Niver*,  Silas  Mverf,  James 
Naval*,  Jeremiah  Overdurf,  Eobert  S.  Orr*,  Warren  Owensf,  John  Phillips,  WilUam 
Parry,  Levi  Pritchard,  C.  0.  Pemberton,  Eugene  B.  Eoot,  John  EowlandJ,  George 
M.  EesfordJ,  Frederick  Boss,  William  Eollier,  John  Eeilyf,  Joseph  Eeibsamf, 
Ehesa  J.  Eeynolds,  Edwin  Eoyce,  Jason  Eemington,  Daniel  M.  Shelley,  James  Sum- 
merville,  Charles  Sands,  Porter  E.  ShermanJ,  Charles  E.  Sewell,  Horace  S.  Sa^vyert, 
Harmon  H.  Sawyer,  Henry  Smith,  Samuel  StumpfE,  Harry  Schmidt,  Warren  D. 
Stone*,  Cornelius  Saxbury*,  Michael  Smith,  Stephen  Strait,  Charles  B.  SofieldJ, 
Henry  W.  Traverse,  Jacob  M.  Traver,  William  H.  Thompson,  Charles  H.  Townsend, 
Samuel  J.  Vanhosenf,  Albert  Waters,  Eobert  A.  Williams,  Alexander  Wands,  Wil- 
liam H.  Watrous,  Erastus  Wilson,  Jehial  H.  Wood,  Frederick  Williams,  Palmer  B. 
Watkins,  John  Wilkinsonf,  Eook  Wilkinsonf ,  Eobert  Williams,  Francis  L.  Wilcox, 
Milon  D.  Wilson,  Samuel  Young  and  William  Zimmerman. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    J  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAK    OF    THB    BEBELLIOK.  227 


FIFTY-SETENTH  HEGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin  in  December,  1861,  and  was 
officered  as  follows:  William  Maxwell,  of  Mercer  county,  colonel;  Elhannan  W. 
Woods,  of  Mercer  coimty,  Ueutenant-colonel,  and  Jeremiah  Gulp,  of  Bradford  county, 
major.  It  participated  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  the  battles  and  skirmishes  of 
Fair  Oaks,  Charles  City  Cross  Koads,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Eim,  Fairfax  Court 
House,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Mine  Eun,  Auburn  Creek, 
Kelly's  Ford,  Locust  Grove,  Wilderness,  North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Hatcher's  Eun, 
Weldon  Eailroad,  Fort  Steadman  and  Sailor's  Creek. 

Over  two-thirds  of  this  regiment  re-enlisted  December  24,  1863.  In  January, 
1865,  having  been  greatly  reduced  in  strength  by  the  severity  of  the  summer  cam- 
paign, it  was  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  six  companies,  and  the  Eighty-fourth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  consolidated  with  it.  It  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  June  22, 1865. 

Company  D  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  in  Tioga  county.  Its  roster  is  as 
follows: 

Captains:    H.  W.  Caulkins,  James  D.  Moore. 

First  Lieutenant:    Charles  0.  Etz*. 

Second  Lieutenants:    William  0.  Mattison,  Cjtus  P.  Slavin. 

Sergeants:  Joseph  S.  Sharp,  Perry  C.  Bristol,  William  Brooks,  Levi  Christ, 
Albert  Hayne,  Albert  P.  Pew,  John  HayJ,  Samuel  Shieldsf,  John  T.  Labar,  H.  F. 
Westbrook*,  Eichard  P.  Managan,  Daniel  Holmes. 

Corporals:  Adam  McCormick,  Jacob  Lutes,  Charles  1'..  Kennedy,  John  Tomer, 
Somerville  Hill,  George  W.  Harrison,  Louis  Barzoni,  Marion  King,  S.  H.  McCart- 
neyj,  Harry  W.  Babcock,  Baker  D.  Ellis,  Henry  E.  Douglass,  Edwin  C.  Goodrich, 
Seymour  Ingalls,  Charles  Maynard,  Roboit  C.  HillJ. 

Musicians:    Henry  CruU,  Daniel  Downey,  W.  S.  Lambacksf . 

Privates:  John  W.  Anderson,  Milton  M.  Andrewsf,  David  Brest,  Jackson 
Breakman,  Lewis  F.  Brest,  William  Bostwick,  William  A.  Bums,  Stephen  S.  Beeman, 
Jonas  Brobst,  John  Brooks,  James  H.  Break,  John  Booth,  David  Baddif,  E.  Brannon, 
Albert  Bailey  f,  David  Bowman,  Charles  Butler  J,  Elias  Christ,  Joseph  Christwell, 
William  J.  Crcighton,  Harvey  T.  Christ,  John  Cubbison^,  Hiram  Clair,  Patrick 
Coylc,  Joseph  Clouts,  H.  A.  Conger,  David  A.  Cox,  Philemon  Catlin,  William  ChristJ, 
Harvey  L.  Cubbison*,  William  II.  CurtisJ,  Perry  Childs,  Benjamin  Card,  P.  Culvert, 
Joseph  Christwall,  Theodore  F.  Deweyf,  John  Dobson,  John  Dunmire,  Bruce 
Dickey  J,  Hiram  Dclonp,  Henry  Dewald.  Gcorizc  W.  Douglas,  Jacob  Derr,  John 
DonpliertyJ,  Harrison  Davidsonf,  John  S.  Donohue,  William  W.  Davidsont.  Robert 
Davidson,  John  Drake*,  Addison  Dimmick,  Thomas  Dickey,  Evan  Kvansf,  James 
Mvansf,  Jonn.s  Furl,  John  Forrestf,  Lewis  C.  Fcsscr,  Dubois  Freearf,  William  Ginhcr, 
JoHojih  Gaston,  Robert  S.  Gitchell,  Miles  S.  Green,  George  T.  Granger,  Winfield 
Guishf,  James  Grant,  Thomas  Gibbons,  Jr.,  Abram  Gaskill,  Elias  Gcarhart,  Wash- 
ington TTood,  Alexander  nnmiltonj,  Jesse  Harrison.  Washington  P.  Hill,  James 
HillJ,  William  Hageyt,  S.  ^f.  Howard,  C  W.  Hun)ison.  John  J.  Harrison*,  Isaac 
Hollabaught,  Alexander  R.  Hunter,  Arthur  Hanna,  David  Hay*,  Henry  Jones, 


•  Klllnl  or  mortalljr  wounded,    t  Woundrd.    t  Di«d. 


230  HISTORY   03?   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Company  G  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  in  Bradford  and  Tioga  counties.  The 
following  named  ofSeers  and  privates  were  from  Tioga  county: 

First  Lieutenant:  A.  J.  B.  Dartt  and  Charles  C.  Hermans*. 

Second  Lieutenant:  Henry  D.  Calkins. 

First  Sergeant:  Charles  H.  Van  Dusen. 

Sergeants:  J.  P.  Wilcox,  Noah  J.  Wheeler,  Henry  D.  Calkins,  Lyman  L.  Sperry, 
Jonathan  L.  Moore  and  James  H.  HoweJ., 

Corporals:  D.  M.  Eose,  A.  J.  B.  Dart,  Charles  H.  Hertel,  Henry  B.  Morrison, 
Rozel  Gile,  Thomas  S.  Gillet,  J.  Scott  Howe  and  John  D.  Euggles. 

Privates:  George  W.  AyresJ,  Adam  E.  Cleveland,  Eobert  Calhoun,  Charles 
Clark,  Philander  Hall,  Martin  V.  Level*,  Fordyee  S.  Morgan,  Charles  M.  Eumsey, 
Lyman  J.  Eeynolds,  Porter  D.  Eimisey,  Waldo  Spear,  William  Warters,  Merritt 
Woodward  and  C.  D.  Warner. 

Company  G  was  recruited  in  Chester,  Lycoming  and  Tioga  counties.  Among 
those  from  Tioga  county  were  the  following: 

First  Lieutenant:  James  W.  Childs. 

Corporal:  Ira  M.  Warriner. 

Privates:  Samson  Babb,  Samson  W.  Babbf,  John  W.  Childs  and  Henry  Moyer*. 

Company  L  had  the  following  from  Tioga  county: 

First  Lieutenant:  Otis  G.  GerouldJ. 

Corporals:    James  Seibertf ,  Lloyd  B.  Husted. 

Privates:  Horace  Dartt,  Henry  Emberger*,  Sidney  A.  Hoagland,  Jacob  Hart- 
man,  William  S.  Hoagland,  David  S.  Ireland,  Alonzo  L.  Johnson,  Henry  J.  Levalley, 
Charles  A.  Marvin,  Isaac  Marvin,  H.  B.  Marvin,  E.  W.  Maynard,  ISTathan  Moyer, 
Eichard  C.  Videan,  James  Walkerf,  Isaac  D.  Walkerf . 

ONE    HUNDEED    AND    EIHST    KEGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  October,  1861,  at  Camp  Curtin,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers:  Joseph  H.  Wilson,  of  Beaver  county,  colonel;  David  B.  Morris,  of 
Pittsburg,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Joseph  S.  Hoard,  of  Tioga  county,  major.  It 
participated  in  the  Peninsula  Campaign,  and  Fair  Oaks,  in  Virginia,  and  at  Kings- 
ton, Goldsboro,  Little  Washington,  and  Plymouth,  in  Forth  Carolina.  At  the  last 
place,  April  20,  1864,  the  entire  regiment,  save  those  on  furlough  and  detached  ser- 
vice, were  taken  prisoners,  and  were  confined  in  Andersonville,  Macon,  Florence, 
Savannah,  Charleston  and  Charlotte.  They  were  finally  exchanged  at  Wilmington, 
North  Carolina,  in  March,  1865. 

Company  B  of  this  regiment  was  raised  in  Tioga  county.  The  roster  of  its 
officers  and  men  is  as  follows: 

Captains:  Joseph  S.  Hoard,  Victor  A.  Elliott  and  Melvin  L.  Clark.  Captain 
Clark  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  May  18,  1865. 

First  Lieutenants:  Abram  Young  and  Franklin  P.  Wylie. 

Second  Lieutenants:  George  G.  Gaylord,  Melvin  L.  Clark  and  Harvey  S.  Horton. 

Sergeants:  Melvin  L.  Clark,  Prank  P.  Wylie,  Harvey  S.  Horton,  Francis  M. 
Shaw,  Dyer  J.  Butts,  Justus  B.  Clark,  George  Hollands  and  Byron  M.  Shawf. 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    %  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAB    OP    THE    BEBELLION.  231 


Corporals:    Zerbino  H.  Young,  Stephen  G.  Mudge,  Ezra  Eipley,  Solon  H. 
Deweyt,  Perry  Hillf,  Phineas  V.  Clark,  George  E.  CatUn,  Burr  E.  Bailey,  John  Kiley. 

Musicians:   John  W.  Brown,  Israel  M.  Dairf,  Oliver  H.  Perry f,  Seely  Johns, 
James  E.  Young. 

Privates:  A.  P.  Benjamin,  William  Bailey,  A.  H.  Bacon,  Ebenezer  Burleyf, 
Albert  A.  Bodinef,  John  J.  Beach*,  S.  W.  Cochran,  C.  C.  ConneUy,  Wallace 
Codney,  Gideon  A.  Cornell,  Silas  Cummings,  H.  W.  Clark*,  (2d),  William  B.  Cam- 
eronf,  Edwin  B.  Clarkf,  H.  W.  Clarkf,  (1st),  Ora  L.  Cleveland!,  William  Dair, 
Patrick  Delaney,  Stephen  Dickinson,  James  Debtman,  Eeuben  B.  Dairf,  Elisha 
Fanning,  F.  T.  Fairmanf,  Charles  S.  Fishf,  Henry  GaylordJ,  Jonathan  Greeley, 
William  B.  Gaylord,  James  Henry,  John  C.  Howe,  Arnold  Halligist,  John  W.  Horton, 
Francis  Hagar,  George  W.  Hubbard,  John  L.  Johnson,  Horace  Jaquish,  Samuel  W. 
Jerould*,  Thomas  Jonesf,  Oliver  M.  Kelley,  Edward  Lewis f,  David  Lattcrell,  Elam 
Morehouse,  Martin  Moore,  Edwin  A.  Morley,  Daniel  E.  ilorley,  Stephen  il.  Miles, 
Purington  Maryott,  Omer  Morehouse,  John  W.  Mapesf,  John  D.  Miles,  Frank  M. 
Murdockf,  George  Mudge,  Stephen  R.  Peters,  Francis  Peters,  Ester  Palmer,  George 
W.  Pickens,  Artemus  Rumsey,  Dwight  Ripley,  John  Rourke,  Andrew  J.  Reeder, 
James  H.  Shaw,  Orin  Shaw,  Thomas  C.  Shaw,  Andrew  Scouten,  Horry  i'>.  Shaw, 
John  W.  SweetJ,  Orson  F.  Spun-^,  Samuel  W.  Smithf,  Elisha  Smithf,  Warren  St. 
John,  George  W.  Vance,  Andrew  J.  Watkins,  Reuben  Wood,  Alonzo  S,  Warren, 
James  Wilsonf,  Jacob  Wilds,  Oscar  F.  Young. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTH  REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  had  the  following  ollicors  and  men  from  Tioga  county: 

Company  B — Captain:  John  IrvinJ. 

Company  C — Privates:  Orson  C.  Colo,  Almon  CureJ  and  Richard  Vandyke. 

Company  D — First  Lieutenant:  John  Irvint. 

Sergeants:  William  IrvinJ,  Samuel  Irvin|,  Henry  C.  ^'eilt  and  James  H.  Hall*. 

Corporals:  Israel  RiddleJ,  Ichabod  S.  JonesJ,  David  IrvinJ,  Robert  Mathews, 
Giles  M.  CoonsJ  and  Daniel  L.  Foster*. 

Musician:   Charles  T.  Whitcomb. 

Privates:  Andrew  B.  Bassett,  Jr.,  John  B.  Biserf,  Fidelo  BiddleJ,  James 
Budeon,  James  G.  Careyt,  Henry  Davisf,  Thomas  Doud*,  John  S.  ElterJ,  Darius 
Griswold,  Peter  B.  Ilerrington,  Henry  Herrington*,  Robert  M.  King*,  Abram  King*, 
James  Landon,  Edward  Mathews*,  Thomas  JIathews,  William  Myers,  George  G. 
Mason*,  Thomas  Nestor,  Ambrose  Reeder,  Frederick  Schambacher,  George  W. 
Schnmbacherf,  Eurotas  l'\  Sparks,  Peter  Schick,  Charles  F.  SchambacherJ,  George 
K.  Tripp.  Darius  R.  Terry,  John  Wilber,  Lewis  N.  Wilberf  and  William  Werline. 

Company  H — Privates:   Orlando  Dann,  Cornelius  King  and  James  Thompson. 

Company  T — Privates:  Eugene  Budson  and  James  R.  Watts. 

O.VE   HUNDRED   AND   EIGHTH    REGIMENT — ELEVENTH    CAVALRY. 

This  regiment,  originally  known  as  "Harlan's  Light  Cavalry, "  wa.s  rai.sed  during 
the  months  of  .August  and  Septemlier,  1861,  as  an  independent  regiment,  by  Col. 
Josioh  Harlan,  of  Philadelphia,  under  special  authority  from  the  Secretary  of  War. 

*  KUI«1  or  mortally  wounded,    t  Woundrd.    \  Died 


232  HISTOET  OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

The  companies  were  from  different  states,  A  being  from  Iowa,  portions  of  E  and 
F  from  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  I  from  New  Jersey,  M  from  Ohio  and  the 
remainder  from  Pennsylvania.  Congress  having  only  authorized  the  raising  of 
regiments  by  states,  it  was  finally  mustered  in  as  the  Eleventh  Cavalry,  with  the 
following  officers:  Josiah  Harlan,  colonel;  Samuel  P.  Spear,  lieutenant-colonel; 
George  Stetzel,  Samuel  Wetherell  and  Noah  M.  Eunyan,  majors.  It  was  assigned 
to  duty  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  numerous  engagements 
and  skirmishes,  doing  a  large  amount  of  scouting  duty.  It  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  August  13,  1865. 

Company  F  of  this  regiment  was  raised  in  Bradford  and  Tioga  counties,  and 
across  the  line  in  New  York  state.  The  following  named  officers  and  privates  were 
from  Tioga  county: 

Captain:  B.  B.  Mitchell. 

Second  Lieutenant:  John  V.  Pickering. 

First  Sergeants:  Victor  A.  Elliott,  promoted  to  captain  of  Company  B,  One 
Hundred  and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  March  1, 1863,  and  William  C.  Lamb*. 

Quaitermaster-Sergeant:  Andrew  Klock. 

Commissary  Sergeants:    W.  H.  Hancock  and  Chancy  C.  Ackley. 

Sergeants:  Eichard  M.  Eoss,  Maurice  D.  Bailey,  Jacob  VannoyJ,  Oliver  P. 
Barden  and  Henry  E.  Wheeler f. 

Corporals:  W.  C.  Lamb*,  E.  Weeks  J,  Charles  T.  Austin,  Eoland  Sanders,  Martin 
Gleason,  Ira  V.  Williams,  Chester  W.  FentonJ  and  Herman  Inschof. 

Buglers:  B.  B.  Borden  and  A.  H.  Perry. 

Blacksmith:  George  A.  Eoberts. 

Farrier:  E.  C.  Westbrook. 

Privates:  Lorin  N.  Butler,  Hiram  Bellinger,  Andrew  J.  Brown,  Wilbur 
Churchill,  Jerome  B.  ChapmanJ,  James  J.  Cady,  Jacob  H.  Colestock,  Thomas  E. 
De  Pui,  John  M.  Goodrich,  James  A.  HawthomJ,  John  Hawthorn,  Thomas  Holiday, 
Valorus  E.  Ives,  Darius  Inscho,  Alvin  H.  IngallsJ,  W.  H.  Kirkendall,  Adelbert  D. 
Keeney,  Daniel  A.  Lamb,  Hamlin  B.  Lambf,  Ira  0.  Mudgef,  William  M.  Miles,  John 
O'Neil,  Charles  C.  Palmer,  Charles  M.  Pitts,  G.  N.  Eorenbaughf,  Frank  M.  Spencer, 
Vincent  W.  Swimelar*,  Leander  Shermant,  A.  H.  Taylor,  Frank  B.  Towner,  Alfred 
Tolesf,  Jefferson  Vannoy,  C.  N.  Walker,  Luther  A.  West  and  Benjamin  F.  West- 
brook. 

ONE  HUNDEED  AND  TWENTY-SIXTH  EEGIMENT. 

Two  companies  of  this  regiment,  A  and  D,  were  recruited  in  Tioga  county,  for 
the  nine  months'  service.  A  regimental  organization  was  effected  at  Camp  Curtin, 
August  20, 1863.  Charles  Eyon,  of  Elkland,  was  commissioned  major,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment  May  29,  1863.  The  regiment  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  Fredericksburg  and  had  several  men  killed  and  wounded. 

Company  A  was  recruited  in  Tioga  county.     Its  roster  is  as  follows: 

Captains:    John  J.  Hammond  and  John  I.  Mitchell. 

First  Lieutenant:  Eomanzo  C.  Bailey. 

Second  Lieutenants:  John  I.  Mitchell  and  H.  L.  Prutsman. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    J  Wounded,    f  Died- 


WAE    OP    THE    EEBBLLION.  233 


Sergeants:   H.  L.  Prutsman,  Valentine  W.  Lewis,  P.  H.  Garretson,  Albert  P. 
Packard,  Jacob  Tallman  and  Clark  W.  Barrow. 

Corporals:    Stephen  Dickerson,  Samuel  L.  Patterson,  William  Warren,  Henry  C. 
Wheeler,  Monroe  P.  Crosley,  B.  W.  Merrick  and  William  H.  Larcom. 

Musicians:  Charles  M.  Magarcy,  Philip  Petty  and  Hiram  Bixley. 
Privates:  Daniel  E.  Bacon,  Henry  Beckwith,  Levi  Bruson,  J.  G.  Burroughs, 
Charles  V.  Bixley,  Alpheus  Button,  Charles  Button,  Eli  Barber,  Charles  S.  Beach, 
Theodore  S.  Bacon*,  John  Burgessf,  Prancis  M.  Copp,  Ealph  Campbell,  Oren  Cline, 
Nathan  Case,  Pranklin  H.  Clark,  Charles  W.  Chase,  William  P.  Cowan,  Eubus 
Clemens,  George  T.  Dickerson,  Joseph  Denton,  Elmer  Daggett,  Jerome  Daggett, 
Charles  L.  Denel,  Patrick  P.  Donley,  Charles  L.  Eaton,  James  Purgerson,  John  Pur- 
gerson.  Miles  Goodwin,  Amasa  Gee,  Charles  Goodwin,  William  M.  Gridley*,  Pranklin 
Herrick,  Vincent  Hogaboom,  William  H.  Hunter,  Charles  D.  Hudson,  Minor  Jack- 
son, Erwin  Keys,  William  Z.  Knapp,  Ira  Keeney,  James  LoughridgeJ,  William  H. 
Lawrence,  Moses  Losey*,  Joseph  S.  Merrick,  Elias  Merrick,  Charles  W.  Moore,  Henry 
J.  McGowan,  Philip  Petty,  Anson  Palmerf,  Chauncey  Eice,  Levi  Eounsville, 
William  Eounsville,  Oscar  H.  Eounsville,  James  Eussellf ,  Andrew  J.  Sutton,  William 
Smith,  John  Shellman,  John  Smartwood,  Daniel  Smartwood,  Luman  M.  Smith, 
Ezra  Swope,  Jr.,  Clinton  Slocum,  Stephen  C.  ShafE,  Allen  D.  Seeleyf ,  Timothy  Sul- 
livan*, Henry  M.  Tice,  Edward  TJpdyke,  John  D.  Vandyke,  David  Williams,  Henry 
Wood,  William  H.  Wylie,  Benjamin  P.  Walters  and  D.  Whitehead. 

Company  B  of  this  regiment  contained  thirty-nine  officers  and  privates,  who  were 
recruited  by  Charles  Eyon,  of  Elkland,  who  was  commissioned  major  of  the  regiment. 
Their  names  are  as  follows: 

Pirst  Lieutenants:  John  Seeley  and  Nelson  Doty. 
Sergeant:    George  L.  Hurlbut. 

Corporals:    Norman  Strait,  E.  D.  Eutherford,  Seth  Leroy  Love. 
Musician:    Orville  Bress. 

Privates:    Sylvester  Bullock,  Elijah  Blanchard,  Horatio  Chisom,  Hiram  B. 
Cameron,  Henry  Creeley,  John  Costleyf,  Silas  S.  Dingman,  Austin  Flanders,  W.  B. 
Hudson,  John  Hogencamp,  Calvin  Hober,  Eobert  B.  Howland,  Thomas  JenkinsJ, 
Charles  Mattison*  Prank  Miles,  V.  Monroe,  Johial  Norton,  Thomas  J.  Eichardson, 
Stephen  Eomayne,  John  Eose,  Horace  K.  Eumsey,  James  E.  StoneJ,  Asa  Spencer, 
Luman  Stevens,  Solomon  Vanzile,  Andrew  Vanzile,  Prank  Vastbinder,  George  H. 
Watts,  Eli  White,  Clark  V.  Worden  and  William  E.  Watkins. 
Company  D  had  the  following  roster: 
Captain:    Sylvester  D.  Phillips. 
Pirst  Lieutenant:    Albert  B.  Cloos. 
Second  Lieutenants:    Alva  Davidson  and  Martin  Dodge. 

Sergeants:  Martin  Dodge,  James  H.  Metcalf,  James  C.  Aldrich,  Ansel  B. 
Parker,  William  H.  Gurnseyt  and  Benson  B.  King. 

Corporals:  Frederick  Heyler,  George  W.  Potter,  Henry  W.  Grantier,  William 
G.  Gilkey,  William  0.  Wakeley,  Lafayette  D.  Hill,  Theodore  P.  Holcomb  and  John 
Little. 


•  Killed  or  mortally  wounded,    t  Wounded,    f  Died. 


234  HISTOBY   OF   TIOGA   COCTNTT. 


Musicians:    Leroy  P.  Da-vis  and  Samuel  Fletcher. 

Privates:  Charles  P.  Abbott,  David  C.  Buck,  Anson  P.  Boardman,  Charles 
Bennett,  Charles  Butler,  Timothy  Baker,  William  Bloom,  Ansil  E.  Brower,  Montra- 
ville  Brown,  James  Colman,  William  Chapman,  James  P.  Cook,  Jahiel  Case,  David 
Case,  Hiram  L.  Colegrove,  J.  E.  Chamberlin,  Eufus  Cook,  Charles  W.  Chasef, 
Joseph  P.  DavisJ,  Vincent  Dodge,  Henry  Dibble,  Joseph  J.  Doan,  Samuel  Donaly, 
James  W.  Degraw,  Orville  Earl,  Lysander  J.  Earl,  William  Edgcomb,  Lott  Fill- 
more, Morgan  Heyler,  Delos  D.  Howe,  Isaac  Hunt,  Milton  King,  Stephen  Kingf, 
Thomas  Leanning,  Delos  F.  Leonard,  Orrin  Leach,  Oscar  MacumberJ,  John  Metzgar, 
Isaac  L.  Metcalf,  William  H.  H.  Metcalf,  James  Mallory,  Samuel  Metcalf,  Orson  P. 
Mintonye,  Charles  Mulkinsf,  Andrew  McCoy,  John  McCormic,  Jesse  Mclntyie, 
Llewellyn  ISTorthrop,  John  A.  Pearsol,  Frank  C.  Pride,  Charles  Prouty,  Eugene 
Pritchard,  Samuel  Pierce,  Walter  B.  Pritchard,  Bradley  N".  Parker,  Merrit  Potter, 
Sovrine  Eumsey,  John  P.  Rushmore,  George  N.  Seely,  Lyman  B.  Somers,  Silas  Taylor, 
John  Thomas,  Philip  H.  Taylor,  Rowland  B.  Tooker,  John  C.  Tanner,  Isaac  Watts, 
Daniel  C.  Wakeley,  Jacob  Whitmarsh,  William  R.  Youngs,  Dyer  Youngs,  Samuel 
Youngsf,  Walter  S.  Youngsf. 

ONE    HUNDEED    AND    FOETT-NINTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  ("Bucktail  Brigade")  was  commanded  by  Roy  Stone.  It  was  re- 
cruited in  Potter,  Tioga,  Lycoming,  Clearfield,  Clarion,  Lebanon,  Allegheny,  Lu- 
zerne, Mifflin  and  Huntingdon  counties.  It  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Chancellors- 
ville,  Bethesda  Church,  Weldon  Railroad,  Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania, 
Hatcher's  Run,  ISTorth  Anna  and  Petersburg.  The  surgeon  was  Dr.  W.  T.  Humphrey, 
and  the  chaplain  Rev.  J.  F.  Calkins,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  Wellsboro. 
The  regiment  entered  the  service  in  August,  1862,  and  was  mustered  out  June  34, 
1865. 

Company  A  of  this  regiment  was  from  Tioga  county.    Its  roster  is  as  follows: 

Captains:  A.  J.  Sofield*,  Dudley  A.  Fish,  Lewis  BodineJ  and  Benjamin  H. 
WarrinerJ. 

First  Lieutenants:  Dudley  A.  Fish,  Lewis  Bodine|,  George  BlackweUJ,  John 
Walbridget,  John  RexfordJ  and  George  D.  Brooks. 

Second  Lieutenants:  Lewis  BodineJ,  Benjamin  H.  WarrinerJ,  George  Black- 
wellj,  John  RexfordJ  and  George  D.  Brooks. 

Sergeants:  John  RexfordJ,  A.  B.  Wright,  J.  B.  Wilcox  J,  George  BlackweUJ, 
Benjamin  H.  WarrinerJ,  George  D.  BrooksJ,  Edward  Morse  J,  Cloise  L.  Miller,  Asher 
D.  Cole*,  Wallace  W.  Sofield*,  Albert  D.  Wright,  promoted  to  captain  Forty-third 
United  States  Colored  Troops,  and  John  L.  Barnes. 

Corporals:  John  WalbridgeJ,  Albert  Dale,  Kathan  Palmer,  Austin  H.  Butler, 
William  A.  Smith,  Jesse  W.  Bordenf,  Nathan  Wilcox,  John  L.  Barnes,  Alfred  Boy- 
den,  Sanford  Boyden,  Lyman  Stowell,  Henry  D.  Smead,  Gilderoy  H.  Lawton,  Na- 
thaniel H.  Wilcox*,  William  A.  Smith*,  Wilson  D.  Race*,  William  A.  Noblesf,  John 
L.  Pondf,  Daniel  Butler  and  Frank  E.  GoodmanJ. 

Musicians:    Lewis  Culver  and  Cook  Willard. 

Privates:    Freeman  B.  Ashleyf,  Hiram  Bardwell,  Reuben  Bell,  Lester  H.  Butler, 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    %  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAK    OP    THE    EEBELLIOTSr.  235 


Philander  Birch,  Francis  M.  Butler,  Marion  CroftJ,  Joseph  ColUns,  Amos  Clark, 
Elon  Culver,  George  P.  Christian*,  John  Carrol,  Eeuben  H.  Carter,  John  Cole- 
grovet,  John  E.  ChafferJ,  William  ChurchiUJ,  V.  Champney,  Aaron  0.  DouglasJ, 
George  Dewey,  Walter  DibbleJ,  James  Davis,  David  B.  Drougold,  James  Dunn, 
Edwin  W.  Dimmick*,  Prederick  0.  Dalton*,  Lewis  Ernest  J,  Matthew  Petzer*,  Edwin 
Fairbanksf,  James  C.  Parleyl,  Curtis  Gleason*,  David  Hart,  Jr.,  George  Hilliar, 
Charles  Henry,  Samuel  Hartman,  T.  Haughenberry,  Corwin  Howe*,  Toren  Hem- 
minger*,  John  T.  HoffmanJ,  Simon  A.  Hiltbolb,  Joshua  IngallsJ,  Ehhu  IngallsJ, 
Oscar  Jennings*,  Prank  Justice,  Nicholas  Kizer,  Jacob  Eiphart,  Jr.  J,  Christian 
Koch,  Alexander  KaufEman,  George  A.  Kinney,  John  Kennedy,  Aaron  King,  Jr., 
George  L.  Long,  Henry  Lyon,  Augustus  Lyonf,  John  Lyonf,  Thomas  B.  Midliat, 
Eeuben  H.  Martiu*,  William  Millard*,  Eeeee  MorrisJ,  Ellis  L.  Miller,  Ira  T.  Mclntyre, 
W.*H.  McCoUumJ,  Thomas  E.  Neecel,  William  M.  Niehols|,  George  A.  Noblef, 
Eobert  E.  Pond,  Peter  PaulJ,  Joseph  Petrie,  Oliver  W.  Phillips  f,  William  E.  Price, 
Eeuben  Palmer,  Eben  W.  Parkhurst,  Samuel  Eitton,  Sylvester  Eobertsonf ,  Thomas 
H.  Eootf,  Wilson  D.  Eobison,  John  Eockey,  Ely  Eusself,  Chandler  Eonley,  William 
B.  EeeseJ,  Wilmot  Eitter,  Thomas  SkeltonJ,  James  Stryker,  Charles  Stroup,  Eeuben 
G.  Simmons,  Hiram  Smith,  iYederiek  SiegleJ,  Thomas  C.  Sanderson,  Lemuel  W. 
Smedley,  Miles  SwopeJ,  George  D.  Sofield,  Asa  Smith,  Henry  SmithJ,  Henry  E. 
Smith,  Eden  B.  Titus,  John  C.  TylerJ,  Eugene  A.  Tremainf,  James  Van  Dusen, 
John  S.  WoUcott,  Charles  E.  Warriner,  James  B.  Warren,  Jesse  K.  Williams,  Caleb 
B.  Wright,  Abraham  Wright,  Levi  Wright,  John  Weidner,  Ira  Warriner,  John  H. 
Wheeler  f. 

Company  F  had  the  following  members  from  Tioga  county:  Alonzo  B.  Eastman, 
and  John  Patterson. 

Company  G  had  the  following  officers  and  men  from  Tioga  county:  Thomas  B. 
Bryden,  captain;  Henry  J.  Landrus,  sergeant,  promoted  to  sergeant  major;  Josiah 
HughesJ  and  James  Logan*,  corporals,  and  John  Davis*. 

Company  K  had  among  its  members  Charles  L.  Hoyt,  second  lieutenant,  and 
Isaac  Bryantf,  of  Tioga  county. 

ONE    HTJNDEED    AND    SEVENTT-riEST    EEGIMENT DBAFTEB    MILITIA. 

This  regiment  was  composed  of  men  drafted  in  October,  1863,  for  nine  months' 
service.  It  was  organized  at  Camp  Curtin  in  November  with  the  following  officers: 
Everard  Bierer,  of  Payette  county,  colonel;  Theophilus  Humphrey,  of  Bradford 
county,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Eobert  C.  Cox,  of  Tioga  county,  major.  Its  service 
was  principally  in  North  Carolina.  It  was  mustered  out  at  Harrisburg,  August  8, 
1863. 

Company  A  of  this  regiment  was  from  Tioga  county.  Its  muster  roll  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

Captain:  Anson  A.  Amsbry. 

First  Lieutenants:    Lucien  0.  Beach  and  Samuel  W.  Love. 

Second  Lieutenants:    Samuel  W.  Love,  Charles  Biter  and  William  L.  Keagle. 

Sergeants:  Samuel  W.  Love,  William  L.  Keagle,  Henry  S.  Arthur,  N.  M.  Leve- 
good,  Gaston  D.  Walker,  Thomas  J.  Barton,  Lester  S.  Pisk,  Oliver  P.  Babcock. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    %  Wounded,    f  Died. 


236  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COtTNTY. 

Corporals:  Henry  S.  Arthur,  Gaston  D.  Walker,  Thomas  J.  Barton,  Lester  S. 
Pisk,  John  G.  Bowman,  George  W.  Bastian,  Ora  M.  Kelly,  Oliver  M.  Kelly,  "William 
E.  Clark,  Erastus  P.  Hill,  Nelson  Fulkerson,  Ellis  Merrill. 

Musicians:    Leonard  E.  Bombay  and  Joseph  Brion. 

Privates:  Alexander  Allen,  George  W.  Anderson,  John  L.  Allen,  Leonard  J. 
Bradford,  Henry  S.  Bodine,  Jacob  Boston,  Henry  0.  Bliss,  Daniel  Boom,  Daniel 
Barrett,  Hiram  Burdiek,  Leonard  J.  Bradford,  Francis  M.  Black,  Eansom  W.  Bailey, 
Jesse  T.  Bedell,  Henry  Brion,  David  Brion,  Ezra  Brees,  Benjamin  Babcock,  Wesley 

C.  Bamhart,  Simeon  Babcock,  Hopkins  J.  Crosby,  Eobert  W.  Campbell,  Lyman  Cop- 
ley, Charles  W.  Churchillf ,  Willis  B.  Daily,  Hiram  D.  Deming,  promoted  to  hospital 
steward,  Thomas  Eldridge,  Jr.,  C.  A.  Eilenberger,  Enoch  Evans,  JefEerson  Fritz, 
William  E.  Freeman,  Ferdinand  Fray,  Christian  Foulkrod,  Henry  Frockf,  William 
J.  Gamer,  John  Gleason,  Uriah  Golden,  Daniel  Hodge,  Orlo  J.  Hamlin,  George 
Homing,  Charles  D.  Hart,  George  W.  Hart,  Casper  Houser,  Adam  Hart,  Jacob  Horn- 
ing, Eichard  W.  Ham,  Micajah  S.  Inseho,  David  Johnson,  J.  A.  Knickerbocker, 
Garrett  M.  Kinner,  Henry  Kimballf ,  Gottlieb  Krause,  Jacob  Kissinger,  Samuel  A. 
Kelsey,  William  Landis,  John  J.  Lutz,  John  Matthews,  Henry  Mattison,  Silas 
Mosier,  John  Wewfer,  Andrew  A.  Newton,  William  W.  Neal,  Horace  Odell,  John  E. 
Ostrum,  Walter  Phelps,  Benjamin  J.  Powers,  David  Plank,  George  W.  Eicef ,  Alovin 

D.  Eobbinsf,  Charles  Snyder,  Martin  V.  Smith,  Nelson  C.  W.  Smith,  Washington 
Sheffer,  James  H.  Stewart,  John  H.  Schoonover,  Henry  W.  Travis,  Ezekiel  Thomas, 
Charles  Tillinghast,  Jr.,  Cornelius  Vanorsdale,  Stephen  H.  Wood,  Charles  Wilson 
and  Charles  Zink. 

Company  C  of  this  regiment  had  the  following  officers  and  privates  from  Tioga 
county: 

Captain:    William  B.  Hall. 

Sergeants:    A.  M.  Whittaker  and  Alexander  Mott. 

Corporals:    Thomas  0.  Doud,  Samuel  D.  Cudworth  and  William  H.  Palmerf . 

Musician:    Oscar  F.  Grady. 

Privates:  Joseph  B.  Austin,  Jacob  H.  Allen,  Lorenzo  M.  Doud,  Peleg  Doud, 
Samuel  C.  Gott,  Ira  Hakes,  John  M.  Haverly,  Sidney  T.  Lewis,  Thomas  Lewis,  C.  S. 
Moore,  James  McConnell,  Ephraim  McConnell,  Eussel  Niles,  Elisha  L.  Nash,  George 

E.  Orvis,  Charles  E.  Palmer,  Jacob  H.  Eoblyer,  Warren  Eobinson,  Artemus  Eumsey, 
Lorenzo  D.  Eeriek,  Asa  Slingerland,  Eugene  L.  Sperry,  Loren  Hpdyke,  John  B. 
Wood,  Solomon  L.  Wood,  Stephen  Warters,  Isaac  S.  Woodbum,  David  Welch,  Amos 
Welch,  William  W.  Westgatef  and  Isaac  I.  Yoimg. 

ONE     HTJNDEED     AND     EIGHTY-SEVENTH     EEGIMBNT. 

A  body  of  troops  known  as  the  First  Battalion,  which  had  been  organized  just 
previous  to  the  invasion  of  the  State  in  July,  1863,  for  six  months'  service,  and  which 
had  performed  guard  duty  at  various  points  in  the  State,  was  upon  the  expiration  of 
its  term  reorganized  and  recruited  as  a  part  of  this  regiment.  Pour  new  companies 
were  added  to  it,  and  the  regimental  organization  was  completed  in  March,  1864,  at 
Camp  Curi;in,  with  Joseph  F.  Eamsey  lieutenant-colonel,  and  George  W.  Merrick 
major. 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    %  Wounded.    +  Died. 


WAK    OF    THE    EEBELLION.  237 


Company  A  had  the  following  officers  and  men  recruited  in  "Wellsboro,  Delmar 
and  vicinity,  for  the  six  months'  service: 

Captain:    George  W.  Merrick. 

First  Lieutenant:    Cecil  A.  Deane. 

Second  Lieutenant:    Eobert  Young. 

Sergeants:  William  A.  Stone,  Gerould  B.  Dennison,  Ephraim  Smith,  David 
Dewey,  Alonzo  C.  Mack. 

Corporals:  Louis  Doumaux,  Lyman  P.  Potter,  Benjamiu  Claus,  Samuel 
Morgan. 

Privates:  Tunis  Bush,  John  Blouch,  Josiah  L.  Butler,  Thomas  J.  Butler, 
Eugene  L.  Bowen,  Aaron  A.  Bacon,  Washington  Boetz,  Charles  G.  Catlin,  William 
H.  Chase,  James  Carpenter,  Edwin  Campbell,  Truman  Chubbuck,  John  A.  Cline, 
James  W.  Donaldson,  Chauncey  Dartt,  John  B.  Dibble,  Darius  L.  Deane,  John 
English,  Oscar  E.  Ellis,  Charles  M.  Field,  Allen  Farnwalt,  William  Green,  William 
Gseiuer,  Martin  Gleason,  William  H.  Harrison,  Nathaniel  Hart,  John  E.  Henry, 
Orville  Henry,  Richard  Henry,  Morgan  Hart,  Amos  C.  Hartman,  Albert  Ives, 
William  D.  Jones,  George  Kimball,  Valentine  V.  Keller,  Albert  L.  Lachey,  David 
B.  Leslie,  Casper  K.  Light,  Joseph  Morsman,  William  Moore,  Samuel  G.  Miller, 
John  Martiu,  Edwin  Myers,  William  H.  Miller,  Adam  Naftzer,  Benjamin  Naftzer, 
Thomas  Oakum,  William  W.  Patterson,  Henry  M.  Poorman,  Joseph  Palmer,  David 
T.  Bobbins,  Welcome  Spellman,  John  P.  Scott,  George  W.  Sneer,  Peter  D.  Snavely, 
Charles  L.  Shumway,  Henry  Sears,  S.  Starkweather,  Samuel  Spotts,  Samuel  W. 
Trull,  George  Tabor,  Benjamin  F.  Towner,  Edwin  Webster,  Hiram  Willard,  Oren 
West,  Michael  Walborn,  Oziah  Webster  and  Benjamin  Williams. 

After  its  reorganization  in  March,  1864,  for  the  three  years'  service,  the  regi- 
ment was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade,  First  Division  of  the  Fifth  Corps.  It 
reached  the  army  during  the  progress  of  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  Its  next  position 
was  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Chickahominy,  at  the  extreme  left  of  the  army.  On 
June  16,  1864,  it  took  up  a  position  before  Petersburg,  and  on  the  18th  was  en- 
gaged in  the  assault  upon  the  works  on  the  enemy's  right,  the  regiment  being  led  by 
Major  Merrick.  Its  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  more  than  one-tenth  of  its  num- 
ber, but  it  held  its  place  in  the  most  gallant  manner,  winning,  by  its  good  conduct, 
the  special  commendation  of  General  Chamberlain,  who,  himself,  received  a  danger- 
ous wound.  Major  Merrick  was  in  command  of  the  regiment  in  the  desperate  assault 
on  Fort  Hell,  at  Petersburg,  Virginia,  June  18,  1864,  and  received  a  gunshot  wound 
in  the  right  knee,  rendering  amputation  of  the  leg  necessary.  At  the  funeral  ob- 
sequies of  President  Lincoln,  in  Philadelphia,  this  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  head 
of  the  procession,  on  its  way  from  the  Baltimore  depot  to  Independence  Hall,  and  was 
left  as  a  guard  of  honor  while  the  remains  lay  in  state.  With  the  First  City  Troop, 
it  was  detailed  to  escort  the  remains  from  Independence  Hall  to  the  New  York 
depot,  as  they  were  borne  away.  It  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Harrisburg,  Au- 
gust 3,  1865. 

Company  A,  as  reorganized,  for  the  three  years'  service,  contained  less  than 
twenty  of  those  who  were  members  of  the  company  in  the  six  months'  service.    The 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    %  Wounded,    f  Died. 


238 


HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


reorganized  company  was  composed  of  ofacers  and  men  from  Tioga  county.    Its 
roster  is  as  follows: 

Captains:    George  "W.  MerriekJ,  promoted  to  major  May  13, 1864;  Morgan  Hart 

and  Kobert  Young. 

First  Lieutenants:    Eobert  Young  and  Timothy  B.  Culver. 

Second  Lieutenants:  Morgan  Hart,Gerould  B.Dennison, Timothy  B.  Culver  and 
WiUiam  A.  Stone. 

Sergeants:  Timothy  B.  Culver,  William  A.  Stone,  Daniel  P.  Dewey,  David 
Bricker,  Orville  Henry,  Eugene  Coolidge  and  Charles  Shumwayf. 

Corporals:  Orville  Henry,  Eugene  Coolidge,  Henry  C.  Wilson,  Edmund  A. 
Carriel,  Chauncey  Dimmick,  James  W.  Hancock,  John  W.  English,  Henry  M.  Poote, 
Samuel  D.  Prancis  and  Albert  Ives*. 

Musicians:    James  E.  Hess  and  Henry  Hippie. 

Privates:  Eobert  J.  Ayres,  George  Anderson,  Otis  L.  Anderson,  John  Ash,  John 
Aylesworth*,  Hiram  Baker,  Almon  Butler,  L.  B.  Butler,  Leroy  S.  Butler,  Charles 
Bockus,  Philander  Bockus,  William  Bliss,  Joseph  W.  Brewster,  Artemus  Borden, 
Alonzo  Borden,  Bela  Borden,  John  L.  Boetsman,  Norman  Bellinger,  William  J. 
Bell,  William  G.  Bower,  Leonard  W.  Boatman*,  John  Carpenter,  Zenas  P.  Crow, 
John  B.  Caldwell,  G.  B.  Cunningham,  William  Chestnut,  Delanne  A.  Catlinf ,  Wil- 
liam Chasef,  Samuel  Clark*,  Harris  Dartt,  Henry  M.  Dartt,  Orlando  E.  Daily,  James 
Donovan,  William  E.  Dales,  Cyrus  Dort*,  Eobert  Eden,  Thomas  Everett,  Delos 
Pield,  Eobert  Francis,  Eichard  Fry,  George  Frece,  Ashabel  Prostf,  George  W. 
Gwynn,  Thomas  Goddenf,  Andrew  Greenef,  Benjamin  P.  Goodwinf ,  Eichard  Henry, 
Judson  J.  Hall,  Edward  Hanville,  John  E.  Henry,  Charles  P.  Hoover,  William  Hamp- 
ton, Henry  P.  Hall,  Stephen  Hedwick,  John  Jackson,  George  Kimball,  William  D. 
Kriner,  Thomas  Lester,  Abram  Lyon,  Edward  0.  Lawtonf,  Charles  W.  Mosier,  Eich- 
ard Morrow,  Joseph  Meembower,  Charles  IsT.  Moore,  Alonzo  C.  Mack,  Prancis  Mullen, 
John  Mannfj-John  D.  Mortonf,  Hugh  H.  McGrogan,  John  McGuiref,  John  Newfer, 
William  Oberlie*,  Andrew  J.  Putnam,  Willis  J.  Peak,  Lyman  P.  Potter,  Charles  J. 
Potterf,  James  Phipps*,  Daniel  W.  Euggles,  Henry  C.  Eoot,  Daniel  Eought,  Eobert 
H.  Steele,  Samuel  S.  Steele,  Alvarius  Smith,  Ephraim  N.  Smith,  Eiley  W.  Shellman, 
Wesley  Saxberry,  Horace  S.  Stratton,  If.  J.  Starkweather,  James  Seisen,  Thomas 
Stulker,  Samuel  Simpson,  William  D.  Sturrockf,  Oliver  Stark,  David  H.  Smith, 
Meholas  Swerger*,  Clifton  Tipple,  Augustine  S.  Torpy,  Samuel  W.  Trull,  John  J. 
Travis*,  Daniel  M.  Wilson,  Samuel  P.  Wilcox,  Martin  C.  Wilcox,  Samuel  Wheeler, 
Philip  Whetmore,  James  Wilkinson  and  James  J.  Walls. 

Company  I  of  this  regiment  was  made  up  principally  of  men  from  Bradford  and 
Tioga  counties.     The  names  of  those  from  Tioga  county  are  as  follows: 

Captain:    Eansford  B.  Webb. 

First  Lieutenant:    Monroe  P.  Crosby. 

Sergeants:    Monroe  P.  Crosby,  George  W.  Eice  and  Hiram  H.  Mckerson. 

Corporals:  Hiram  H.  ISTickerson,  Stephen  V.  Martin,  Spencer  Crittenden,  Albert 
P.  Packard  and  Oscar  P.  Gandy. 

Privates:    Jeremiah  Aitcher,  Charles  W.  Best,  Albert  C.  Balfourf,  Haley  Cole, 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    X  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAH    OF    THE    EEBELLION.  239 


John  C.  Chappel,  Ira  D.  Carpenter,  Daniel  K.  Carpenter,  Philip  T.  Christian! ,  George 
W.  Dinmiick,  Henry  Darling,  Jerome  B.  Ford,  James  C.  Ford,  Asa  B.  Forest,  Joseph 
C.  Forest,  Eobert  London,  Eobert  G.  Sheldon,  Dwight  F.  Stone,  Charles  E.  Smith  f, 
"William  Steele  f  and  Moses  Wingate. 

ONE    HUNDRED    AND    NINETIETH    EEGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  the  field,  in  Virginia,  in  March  and  April,  1864, 
from  veterans  of  the  First,  Seventh,  Eighth,  Ninth,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth  and 
Thirteenth  Pennsylvania  Keserve  Corps.  It  took  part  in  engagements  at  Peters- 
burg, Weldon  Eaikoad,  Chapel  House  and  Hatcher's  Eim.  It  had  officers  from 
Tioga  county  as  follows:  John  A.  Wolif,  major,  June  6,  1864;  mustered  out  with 
regiment  June  28,  1865.  Quartermaster,  Lucius  Trtiman,  June  6,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  regiment.  Assistant  surgeon,  J.  G.  Chambers,  July  33,  1864;  mustered 
out  with  regiment. 

Company  C,  was  first  commanded  by  Capt.  ISTeri  B.  Kinsey,  June  6,  1864;  ap- 
pointed brevet  major  October  1,  1864;  honorably  discharged  March  8,  1865. 

Company  E  had  for  first  lieutenant  E.  J.  Christenot,  June  6,  1864;  killed  in 
action  June  17,  1864,  at  Petersburg. 

ONE    HUNDRED    AND    NINETY-FIBST    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  the  field,  in  Virginia,  in  May,  1864,  from 
veterans  of  the  Second,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Eighth  and  Tenth  regiments,  Pennsylvania 
Eeserve  Corps,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Petersburg,  Weldon  Eailroad, 
Chapel  House  and  Hatcher's  Eun.  Col.  James  Carle,  June  6,  1864;  appointed 
brigadier  general  March  13,  1865;  mustered  out  with  regiment  June  28,  1865. 

Company  B  of  this  regiment  had  for  first  lieutenant,  Livingston  Bogart,  June 
17,  1864;  mustered  out  with  company  June  28,  1865. 

TWO     HUNDRED     AND     SEVENTH     REGIMENT. 

Companies  A,  D,  H  and  K,  and  parts  of  B,  E  and  G,  of  this  regiment  were  re- 
cruited in  Tioga  county.  Maj.  Eobert  C.  Cox  was  commissioned  by  Governor 
Curtin  to  raise  the  regiment.  He  succeeded,  and,  on  the  organization  at  Harris- 
burg,  was  promoted  from  a  private  in  Company  B,  to  colonel.  The  other  officers 
were: 

Lieutenant  Colonel:  "William  "W.  S.  Snoddy. 

Major:    Victor  A.  Elliott. 

Adjutant:  George  M.  BastianJ.  Promoted  from  private  Company  B,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1864. 

Quartermaster:  "William  F.  "Weseman.  Promoted  from  private  Company  B, 
September  9,  1864. 

Quartermaster  Sergeant:    Darius  L.  Deane|. 

Commissary  Sergeant:  Chauncey  F.  Darttt- 

Company  A's  roster  was  as  follows: 

Captain:    Elmer  BackerJ. 

First  Lieutenant:  Joseph  M.  YoungJ. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    J  Wounded,    t  Died. 


n  .^  HISTOHT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Second  Lieutenant:    Thomas  0.  Doud. 

Sergeant:    Eugene  Eich*. 

Corporal:  D.  Houselander,  Jrf . 

Privates:  Amando  M.  Andrus,  Damon  Allen,  James  A.  Ashcraft,  Henry 
Avery,  Jackson  Alexander,  Stephen  Andrews,  Philander  Ayres,  John  B.  Austin, 
Benjamin  Booth,  Alonzo  B.  Baker,  Peter  Benjamin,  A.  J.  Blakesley,  William  BaUey, 
Eoyal  E.  BakerJ,  Franklin  H.  Brink,  John  C.  Baker,  James  Benjamin,  'William 
Beardsley,  Lewis  Barrett,  Henry  C.  BurgessJ,  Ebenezer  Bronson,  Charles  H.  Card, 
Norman  D.  Cranmer,  William  Coleman,  Henry  B.  Clink,  George  Collins,  Simon  B. 
Chesbyf,  Watson  Cary,  James  S.  Carr,  George  W.  Conley,  Orrin  E.  Campbell*, 
Mahlon  S.  Cleveland  J,  John  Cunningham,  David  Conable,  Daniel  Doty  J,  George 

D.  Edgerton,  Henry  Evans,  Oren  P.  Farr,  Jason  T.  Passett,  George  C.  PellbushJ, 
John  A.  Gustin,  William  Gordon,  James  GordonJ,  John  Gordon,  Samuel  Gott, 
Benjamin  F.  Godshalk,  Amos  B.  Howland,  John  Haines,  Wallace  HuntleyJ,  Jason 
Harris,  Henry  M.  HallJ,  Orville  C.  HortonJ,  Charles  B.  Hulslander,  Charles  L. 
Hiney,  Nathaniel  Hurst,  L-a  Knapp,  Charles  W.  Kelly|,  George  W.  Knapp,  Denais 
G.  Keeney,  Jacob  Kelsey,  Abner  Knapp,  Joseph  A.  Lott*,  John  W.  Lott,  Charles 
H.  Morgan,  John  J.  Miller,  Joseph  D.  Minturn,  John  Mansfield,  Lyman  McClure, 
Jonathan  Nelson,  James  W.  Northrop,  James  H.  Owens,  Asa  Osgood,  Charles  Peter- 
baught.  Smith  Palmer,  David  H.  PhilUpst,  Oscar  H.  Kounsville,  Hiram  M.  Eoblyer, 
Wesley  B.  Eeynolds,  A.  C.  Sturdevant,  Benjamin  Sherman,  John  Sutton,  Charles 

E.  Stage,  Charles  L.  Sheppard,  N.  H.  SmithJ,  Zenas  B.  SmithJ,  Morris  G.  Smith, 
William  H.  Smith,  John  F.  Smith,  Daniel  Smartwood,  David  W.  Stone,  Horace 
Thorp,  Allen  J.  Tickner,  George  VanNess,  Alfred  Wooster,  Eugene  Wood,  Isaac 
Woodburn,  William  Wordon,  Warren  Wood,  Isaac  J.  Young*,  Eeuben  Yale. 

Company  B  was  made  up  principally  of  officers  and  men  from  Tioga  county, 
whose  names  are  as  follows: 

First  Lieutenant:    J.  H.  SchambacherJ. 

Sergeants:    John  H.  Miller,  Jacob  E.  Stout  and  Philander  P.  Burns. 

Corporals:  Samuel  Compton,  Myron  B.  Haight|,  John  Fulton,  Almond 
Baxter   and  Decatur  Ayres. 

Privates:  0.  M.  Bonney,  Frank  Bodine,  J.  W.  Bonney,  George  M.  Bastian, 
Isaac  A.  Britton,  Darius  BennettJ,  John  Burd,  William  Burd,  William  Carpenter, 
Eobert  S.  ComptonJ,  Sylvester  Compton,  John  Carpenterf,  Augustus  Compton, 
Henry  Carpenter,  Eobert  C.  Cox — promoted  to  colonel  September  9,  1864 — Nathan 
Doan,  Hiram  Dunn,  Alfred  Eddy,  Edward  EstelJ,  Urbane  Gregoryf,  Harry  L. 
Haight,  James  N.  Haight,  E.  W.  HoUenbeck,  Daniel  L.  HoUenbeck,  Orlando  F. 
Haight,  Charles  E.  Haight,  Daniel  L.  Horning,  Thomas  Horning,  Thomas  Johnson, 
Jr.,  H.  L.  Johnson,  Philip  Kohler,  Jackson  Kulp,  Eobert  McClarin,  Hiram  Eussell, 
Isaac  D.  Soper,  Thomas  SmithJ,  Edward  Soper,  Charles  W.  Scouten,  Charles  Stewart, 
Mahlon  Stevens,  David  Waters,  B.  0.  WheelerJ,  Thomas  Welch,  William  F.  Wese- 
man,  Andrew  P.  Welch,  Jerry  Yetter  and  Joseph  Zuber. 

Company  D  had  the  following  roster: 

Captain:    Sylvester  D.  Phillips. 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    J  Wounded,    f  Died. 


-''■•/'^'^^   i(/._ 


WAE    OF    THE    KBBELLION.  241 


First  Lieutenant:    Albert  B.  Cloos.  ■ 
Second  Lieutenants:    Chancy  C.  AckleyJ. 

Sergeants:    James  V.  Learch,  William  G.  GilkeyJ,  Francis  A.  StrangJ,  Andrew- 
McCoy  and  Anson  P.  Boardman. 
Corporal:    Fred.  D.  WoodcockJ. 
Musicians:    David  W.  Havens  and  Frank  Wilcox. 

Privates:    Henry  C.  Ackley,  Beniah  S.  Ackley,  John  Brown,  James  M.  Bowers, 
William  R.  Burdic,  Peleg  Burdic,  Joseph  A.  Bush,  Lyman  Bliss,  George  W.  Bowman, 
Joseph  Bliss,  Aaron  H.  Bostwick,  Franklin  Buck,  John  W.  Brown,  James  W.  Bowell, 
Asa  P.  Bancroft*,  John  Butler,  Joseph  P.  Brooks,  James  K.  Brooksf,  Henry   E. 
Brown,  James  F.  Carling,  Stutley  H.  Carr  J,  William  Clossen,  John  C.  Dean,  Eeuben 
F.  Davis,  L-a  P.  Douglass,  Leander  I.  Earl,  William  R.  Freeman,  Silas  A.  GriffinJ, 
Bartlett  Hammond*,  Seth  W.  Harris,  Orion  G.  Hamlin,  Lafayette  Hill,  Charles  Hill- 
man,  George  Hawley,  Conrad  HoUenbaugh,  ISTorman  I.  KJrusen,  David  0.  Kilbom, 
Milton  King,  David  Kilborn,  Sylvester  Labar,  Theodore  P.  Metcalf f,  Peter  Minick, 
Baston  Morse,  John  Metzgar,  E.  McGranahan,  Samuel  Mcodemus,  William  H. 
Mckles,  William  OwensJ,  John  A.  Pearsol,  Lovel  Plank,  Oliver  Pease,  Horace  Pride*, 
Walter  Pease,  Calvin  E.  Eobinson,  James  H.  Eichardson*,  Amos  Eiggs,  Sol  Eosen- 
crans,  Watson  E.  Eushmore,  Christian  G.  Eugaber,  A.  Bobbins,  William  Bobbins, 
James  B.  EushmoreJ,  Eufus  A.  Stanton,  John  Seaman,  William  Striker,  William 
Spencer,  Joseph  Sunderlin,  John  Sunderlin,  0.  J.  Sunderlin*,  Joseph  Smithers, 
John   Strong,  Lyman   B.  Somers,  George    W.  Sutton,  Walter  Thompson,  Charles 
Taftt,  Ethan  Taft,  Henry  M.  Tiee,  Isaac  C.  Thompson,  William  Thompson,  Orson 
A.  Tremain,  William  0.  Wakeley,  Lyman  Wilcox,  Jeremiah  Willoughby,  M.  W.  Wil- 
kinson, Thomas  Wilkinson*,  William   M.  Watrous,  Aaron   Yale   and   Henry   M. 
ZearfossJ. 

Company  E  was  composed  largely  of  officers  and  privates  recruited  in  Tioga 
county,  whose  names  are  as  follows: 

Second  Lieutenant:    William  L.  Keagle. 

Sergeants':  Joseph  S.  Childs,  Daniel  Brion  and  George  J.  Horning*- 
Corporals:  Elias  Merrill,  John  Harman,  Jacob  E.  Smith  and  John  F.  Blanchard. 
Privates:  Jeremiah  Alexander,  John  Anderson  J,  Jonathan  Black,  Edward 
Black,  Charles  Brion,  George  W.  BowerJ,  William  Clark,  Albert  E.  Comstock,  0. 
CartwrightJ,  Henry  C.  Cox,  Andrew  Dennison*,  Charles  Everly,  Jacob  Emick,  Nich- 
olas Fesslerf ,  J.  E.  Famsworth,  Alfred  Fulkerson,  H.  L.  Farnsworth,  Henry  Gniver, 
Aaron  Henry,  Amos  HenryJ,  Cornelius  Kimble,  Elias  C.  Kohler,  Josiah  KohlerJ, 
Frantz  Katzer,  William  King,  Lewis  Krise,  Jacob  Linck,  Cornelius  Lefever,  Benja- 
min Long,  Henry*  F.  Mackey,  Charles  Morris,  Winfield  S.  Mackey,  John  Maneval, 
Jacob  Eibble,  Frank  Shaffer,  William  W.  Seaman,  Frederick  Snyder,  Franklin 
ShefferJ,  Theodore  J.  Sheffer,  George  A.  Thomas,  Benjamin  Weastf,  William  P. 
Wheelandf ,  Charles  D.  Wheeland  and  George  E.  Wheeland. 

.   Company  G  of  this  regiment  was  also  composed  principally  of  officers  and  men 
from  Tioga  county.     Their  names  are  as  follows: 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded     %  Wounded,    t  Died. 
16 


242  HISTOKY   OJ?   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


First  Lieutenant:    P.  H.  BlanchardJ. 

Second  Lieutenant:    Henry  G.  Stephen. 

Sergeant:    Charles  S.  Beach. 

Corporals:    John  P.  Blanehard*,  Samuel  P.  King  and  William  D.  Lutz. 

Privates:  Curry  Beach,  Charles  Carpenter,  Wesley  P.  Cady*,  George  W.  Curran, 
Samuel  M.  Craft,  Erastus  Cooper,  William  DifEenbaugh,  Henry  Erway,  Wesley  Ely, 
Hiram  D.  Ereebom,  Daniel  G.  GephartJ,  George  A.  Gee,  Joseph  House,  Chauncey 
Howard,  Minor  JacksonJ,  George  Keller,  John  Kulp,  Henry  S.  Keeney,  Wilson 
Kingt,  Albert  Love,  Hiram  LeonardJ,  William  Miller,  M.  B.  McBridef,  Chaxles  Sweet 

and  Abner  E.  Sweet. 

Company  H,  also  raised  in  Tioga  county,  had  the  following  roster : 

Captain:  Eobert  T.  WoodJ,  promoted  to  major,  and  mustered  out  with  regi- 
ment with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

First  Lieutenant:    John  E.  Parkhurst. 

Second  Lieutenants:    Amasa  C.  Culver  and  Oliver  P.  BabcockJ. 

Sergeants:  John  H.  Carl,  Abijah  Kiser, , Oliver  P.  BabcockJ,  William  Pierce 
and  James  Vandusen*. 

Corporals:  George  BastianJ,  Albert  D.  Kemp,  David  Hulslander,  Jesse  Howe, 
Miles  EglestonJ,  Milton  Lewis  and  Hiram  Green. 

Privates:  Henry  Avery,  M.  S.  Bostwick,  Henry  0.  Bliss,  Jarvis  M.  Bamhart, 
Luther  B.  Bradley,  Andrew  K.  BuUint,  Alonzo  G.  BuUin,  Olis  L.  Butts,  Louis  L. 
Bevier,  George  H.  Brown,  George  W.  Bowen,  Wilbur  BrownJ,  John  Baker,  William 
Bastiant,  Lewis  Barrett,  John  H.  Campbell,  Ira  Curran,  Charles  H.  Conklin,  Uriah 
Conklin,  Charles  Crosby,  Samuel  Courter,  George  W.  Champlin,  James  Daily,  Joseph 
Dailyt,  James  K.  Daily,  E.  W.  Dingmant  Theodore  Doan,  Hugh  DerrJ,  Samuel  D. 
Dougherty,  Franklin  Freeman,  Jeremiah  Fogleman,  William  GrahamJ,  Solomon  S. 
Grover,  James  Grover,  C.  F.  Gee,  Vernon  Green,  Cromwell  H.  Gridley,  Aaron  Her- 
rington,  William  Hoyt,  Daniel  Hayne,  Benjamin  Henry,  Orange  G.  Johnson,  D.  C. 
Kemp,  Gilbert  Kiser,  Henry  Kiser,  Henry  Kennedy,  Willard  Lewis,  Thomas  Lapp*, 
H.  Lapp,  Wilson  Mack,  Johnson  Mack,  Andrew  J.  Mack,  L.  B.  Maynard,  H.  C.  Man- 
ning, David  Passel,  Francis  M.  Seely,  John  G.  Seely,  James  H.  Seely,  Perry  Strait, 
Nicholas  Slyter,  Charles  Starr,  Eugene  Sherwood,  William  K.  Springer,  Daniel  Sun- 
derland, A.  C.  Sturdevant,  Orrin  M.  Taylorf,  Andrew  Turk*,  J.  C.  Thompsont, 
Joseph  UphamJ,  James  Vandusen*,  Byron  Vandusen,  Samuel  Vangorder,  Ebenezer 
Warren,  James  Wilson,  Lawrence  Watson  and  Jonathan  F.  Yost. 

Company  K  of  this  regiment  was  recruited  for  the  most  part  in  Charleston  and 
Delmar  townships.     Its  roster  is  as  follows: 

Captain:   John  J.  Eeese. 

First  Lieutenant:    John  Karr. 

Second  Lieutenants:    Thomas  D.  Elliott  and  William  L.  Eeese. 

Sergeants:    Daniel  A.  EvansJ,  Samuel  A.  Mack  and  Edson  D.  Mitchell*. 

Commissary  Sergeant:    Chauncey  F.  Dartt. 

Corporals:    Michael  C.  Campbell^  and  Elijah  S.  Kelseyf . 

Privates:    James  H.  Belling,  Simeon  Bacon,  James  H.  Bockus,  Martin  Bennett, 


*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    |  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAE    OF    THE    KBBBLLIOHr.  243 


Eichard  A.  Browiij  William  V.  Borden^  Frederick  Campbell,  Amos  Campbell,  Henry 
U.  Cadyt,  John  Cole,  Edwin  Campbell,  Thomas  Cruttenden,  Luther  S.  CollinsJ, 
Peter  Champaign,  James  CarpenterJ,  Charles  L.  DimmickJ,  Louis  Doumaux,  Jesse 
B.  Doane,  Hiram  G.  Davis*,  Eeuben  Dike,  John  E.  Dibble,  Andrew  J.  Duryea, 
Darius  L.  DeaneJ,  (promoted  to  sergeant  major),  James  B.  English,  Eichard  W. 
EUiston,  Samuel  D.  Evans,  Edward  English,  Charles  V.  Goodwin,  William  H.  Har- 
rison*, Charles  Houghton,  Lyman  HartJ,  William  D..  Jones,  Jeremiah  G.  Jones, 
Joseph  B.  Jaquish,  Linas  S.  Jennings,  Orlando  P.  Jones,  David  E.  Johnson,  Eobert 
Kelsey,  Charles  E.  Kelsey,  Hiram  KlockJ,  Benjamin  P.  Kelsey,  Lewis  Kohler,  Fred- 
erick J.  Moyer,  Eli  Moyer*,  Thomas  Morris*,  Joseph  Horseman,  Delos  V.  Miller, 
John  Hosier,  Elisha  McCarty,  Edward  Osbom,  ITathan  Palmer*,  George  M.  Potts, 
James  L.  Plumley,  Joshua  S.  Phoenix,  George  E.  Putnam,  William  Putnam,  Arvine 
Eeese,  James  L.  Eeese,  Charles  Stephens,  Eobert  Satterlee,  Alfred  SehiefEelin,  Abram 
M.  Sherman,  John  Snyder,  S.  Starkweather^,  George  M.  Tabor,  Stephen  J.  ThomasJ, 
Charles  Venton,  Benjamin  C.  Van  Horn,  D.  P.  Whitehead,  John  Willard,  Eoswell  I. 
Webster,  Eobert  J.  Wilson,  H.  B.  Webster,  George  P.  Wilson,  Elijah  Warren,  Aseph 
Wilkinson  and  K.  Wilson. 

THIHTT-FIFTH  EEGIMENT EMBEGBNCT  MEN. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Harrisburg  July  4,  1863,  and  was  mustered  out 
August  7,  1863.     It  had  the  following  officers  from  Tioga  county: 

Lieutenant-Colonel:    E.  G.  Schieffelin. 

Quartermaster:    Hugh  Young. 

Assistant  Surgeon:    W.  W.  Webb. 

Morgan  L.  Bacon  was  captain;  John  S.  Murdough,  first  lieutenant,  and  Abram 
B.  DeWitt,  second  lieutenant  of  Company  E. 

William  Cole  was  captain;  W.  S.  Boatman,  first  lieutenant,  and  Eobert  H. 
Steele,  second  lieutenant,  of  Company  F. 

Luman  Stevens  was  captain;  Giles  Eoberts,  first  lieutenant,  and  E.  D.  Euther- 
ford,  second  lieutenant,  of  Company  G. 

Horace  S.  Johnson  was  captain;  Eomanzo  C.  Bailey,  first  lieutenant,  and  Henry 
E.  Fish,  second  lieutenant,  of  Company  K. 

MISCELLANEOUS  COMMANDS. 

In  addition  to  the  companies  and  parts  of  companies  recruited  in  Tioga  county, 
a  number  of  her  citizens  were  to  be  found  as  individual  members  of  companies  raised 
in  other  parts  of  the  State.  Many  also  served  in  companies  raised  across  the  line  in 
southern  ISTew  York,  while  still  others  found  their  way  into  western  regiments. 
After  the  lapse  of  more  than  thirty  years,  it  has  been  found  impossible  to  ascertain 
the  names  of  all  serving  in  these  various  miscellaneous  commands,  though  the  list 
which  follows  will  be  found  fairly  representative. 

Thomas  E.  De  Pui,  of  Tioga,  and  George  E.  Harris,  of  LaT\Tence,  served  in  the 
Twenty-ninth  regimental  band. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    }  Wounded,    f  Died. 


244  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Dr.  p.  D.  Bitter,  late  of  Gaines,  served  as  assistant  sxirgeon  of  the  Fourth  Keserve 
from  June  until  August,  1863. 

Dr.  Daniel  S.  Foster,  of  Mainesburg,  served  as  corporal  in  Company  A,  Fifth 
Reserve,  until  he  was  discharged  by  reason  of  a  severe  wound  received  at  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  December  13, 1863. 

Capt.  Eobert  W.  Sturrock,  who  served  in  Company  K,  Fifth  Eeserve,  from 
Bradford  county,  and  was  killed  at  Gaines'  Mills,  June  37,  1863,  began  life  as  a 
printer,  and  was  a  partner  of  M.  H.  Cobb  during  the  earlier  years  of  the  Wellsboro 
Agitator's  existence.  In  1860  he  removed  to  Bradford  county,  and  became  associated 
with  E.  A.  Goodrich,  of  Towanda,  in  the  publication  of  the  Reporter.  D.  H.  Pitts, 
now  a  prominent  merchant  of  Mansfield,  also  served  in  Company  K,  Fifth  Eeserve. 

Job  and  Almon  Wetmore,  of  Charleston  township,  who  enlisted  as  privates  in 
Company  H,  Sixth  Eeserve,  were  assigned  to  duty  as  members  of  the  band  of  the 
First  brigade,  Pennsylvania  Eeserves. 

The  following  members  of  Company  C,  Twelfth  Eeserve,  recruited  in  Bradford 
county,  were  from  Tioga  county:  Sergeants:  Lyman  Douglas,  William  Daggett 
and  Joshua  H.  Graves.  Corporal:  Cyrus  J.  Spencer.  Privates:  George  S.  Borden, 
Cyrus  D.  Chapman,  George  D.  Comfort,  William  A.  Corzatt,  Timothy  Fellon,  John 
W.  Garrison,  Joseph  W.  Inscho,  Augustus  Land,  Volney  M.  Levalley,  James  Peters, 
Philip  Petty,  Nelson  H.  Eobbins,  David  Short,  James  Sturdevant,  Henry  A.  Vaughan, 
Seely  Williams  and  Aaron  Wilson. 

Elijah  J.  Dartt,  of  Shippen,  and  Joshua  Bernauer,  of  Gaines,  served  in  Battery 
D,  First  Artillery.  Mellwood  C.  Gillespie,  also  of  Shippen,  served  as  second  lieuten- 
ant in  same  command,  and  afterwards  re-enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  Eighth 
Cavalry. 

Elisha  S.  Horton,  of  Westfield,  served  as  second  sergeant  in  Company  H,  Forty- 
sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Victor  Leroy  Kelts,  of  Mansfield,  served  in  Company  G,  Fifty-first  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  died  at  Camp  Parole,  May  13,  1863.  His  brother,  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton Kelts,  served  in  Company  D,  same  command,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1863. 

G.  W.  Butterworth  served  as  sergeant  of  Company  G,  Fifty-third  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers  from  March  2, 186-1,  to  June  30, 1865.  Before  enlisting  he  was  connected 
with  the  Agitator.     John  E.  Harvey,  of  Westfield,  also  served  in  the  same  company. 

W.  W.  Eichardson,  who  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  Fifty-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  was  promoted  successively  to  corporal,  sergeant  and  second 
lieutenant.  J.  E.  Ault,  of  Liberty,  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  of  this  regi- 
ment, and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant. 

James  Irvin,  of  Union  township,  a  brother  of  ex-Sheriff  Irvin,  served  in  Company 
B,  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  died  in  the  service. 

Peter  Bush,  of  Brookfield,  served  in  Company  D,  Ninety-third;  Martin  V. 
Clemens,  of  Charleston,  in  Company  A,  and  Lewis  Moyer  and  Francis  M.  ShefEer,  of 
Liberty,  in  Company  D,  Ninety-eighth;  Henry  E.  Chamberlain,  of  Elkland,  in  Com- 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    X  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAE    OF    THE    EBBELLION.  245 


pany  C,  and  Daniel  L.  Van  Diisen,  of  Osceola,  in  Company  D,  Ninety-ninth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. 

Dr.  A.  M.  Sheardown  served  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  from  June  to  December,  1863. 

The  following  named  citizens  of  Tioga  county  served  in  the  Eleventh  Penn- 
sylvajiia  Cavalry:  Lorimus  B.  Ackley,  of  Clyraer,  and  Lafayette  Farr,  of  Middlebury, 
Company  D;  Benjamin  J.  Mann,  of  Tioga,  Company  E;  Noah  H.  Marvin,  corporal. 
Company  H;  Andrew  J.  DickersonJ,  Company  M,  and  William  Shellman,  of  Tioga. 

Dewey  Whitmarsh  and  James  H.  Metcalf,  of  Westfield,  and  Franklin  B.  Scudder, 
of  Covington,  served  in  Battery  E,  Second  Pennsylvania  Artillery. 

Tracey  0.  HoUis  served  as  second  lieutenant  of  Company  E,  Twelfth  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  from  October,  1862,  to  March,  1863.  He  subsequently  served  in  the 
Second  Artillery  and  in  the  United  States  secret  service. 

Dr.  William  B.  Hartman  served  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  from  March,  1863,  to  July  4,  1864,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  surgeon.     He  was  discharged  June  3,  1865. 

Tioga  county  was  represented  in  Company  G,  Nineteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
as  follows:  William  Zinck  and  Isaac  F.  Wheeland,  corporals,  and  the  following 
privates:  David  A.  Cochran,  Charles  Foulkrod,  Warren  Phelps,  Alfred  Phelps, 
Daniel  Smith  and  Samuel  Weast,  all  from  Liberty  borough. 

Eoswell  A.  Walker,  of  Covington  township,  who  died  at  Belle  Plain,  Virginia, 
December  7, 1862,  and  Chauncey  W.  Wheeler,  of  Liberty,  served  in  Company  C,  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

James  Labar  and  Benjamin  F.  Mulford,  of  Westfield,  served  in  Company  I,  One 
Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Tioga  county  was  represented  in  the  Third  Artillery  as  follows:  Eichard  W. 
Jackson  and  George  W.  Kelts,  sergeants,  and  John  Blair,  Charles  E.  Hall,  William 
J.  Hall  and  A.  T.  Goodrich,  privates,  of  Battery  F;  W.  C.  Marvin  and  H.  T.  Graves, 
Battery  G,  and  Charles  S.  Kingsley,  Batterj'  L. 

Charles  K.  Thompson  served  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
fifth  regiment  from  March  until  June,  1865. 

Tioga  county  was  represented  as  follows  in  the  Sixteenth  Cavalry:  Thomas 
Bowell,  corporal,  and  Thomas  J.  Archer,  Charles  G.  Campbell,  James  L.  Cook,  Isaac 
P.  Foster  and  Leroy  V.  Kelts,  Company  B;  William  H.  Beardsley,  first  lieutenant, 
Andrew  Cady,  corporal,  and  W.  J.  Beecroft,  William  H.  Garison,  H.  G.  Smith, 
Ezekiel  Thomas  and  James  Walter,  privates.  Company  D;  George  H.  Smith  and 
Sovrine  Eumsey,  Company  H;  George  D.  Beecher,  second  lieutenant.  Company  I,  and 
M,  Buchanan,  Company  K. 

Vincent  F.  Sly  served  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Drafted  Militia. 

Frank  H.  Purhen  served  as  a  private  in  Company  H,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
third  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Harry  T.  Graves,  now  the  editor  of  the  Millerton  Advocate,  served  in  Company 
E,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.    1  Wounded,    t  Died. 


246  HISTOEY  OF  TIOGA   COUNTY. 

Dr.  George  D.  Maine,  of  Mainesburg,  served  as  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Ninety-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Euius  Gr.  Treat,  of  Chatham  township,  served  as  a  private  in  Company  D,  One 
Hundred  and  Mnty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

George  E.  Tripp,  of  Union  township,  served  iu  Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and 
Third  regiment. 

Joseph  P.  Eipley,  Volney  Ripley,  M.  H.  Fralic  and  HoUister  Leach,  of  Richmond 
township,  served  in  Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Tenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

IN  NEW  YOHK  HEGIMBNTS. 

As  Tioga  coimty  borders  on  the  State  of  New  York,  some  of  her  sons  joined 
regiments  in  that  State.  But  owing  to  the  difi&eolty  of  locating  them  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  secure  the  names  of  aU. 

Edward  E.  Rockwell  served  in  Company  K,  Twenty-third  regiment. 

W.  H.  Leisenring,  of  Nauvoo,  was  color-bearer  of  the  Thirty-third  regiment. 
He  also  served  in  the  Third  and  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  regiments.- 

Leverne  Kimball,  of  Osceola,  and  James  Taft,  of  Knoxville,  served  in  Company 
E,  Thirty-fourth  regiment. 

Floyd  Ashley,  Charles  Rozelle,  Philo  TuUer,  of  Tioga,  and  Samuel  Welch,  served 
in  the  Fiftieth  regiment. 

Seeley  D.  GreenJ,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Company  G,  Sixty-fourth  regiment. 

Richard  Smith,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Company  E,  Seventy-seventh  regiment. 

In  the  Eighty-sixth  regiment  were  the  following:  Amos  P.  Hawkins,  Company 
A;  Asaph  Johnson,  of  Osceola,  Company  B;  George  Vastbinder,  of  Osceola,  Company 
C;  William  E.  Seely,  of  Osceola,  and  John  Cornell,  of  Jackson,  Company  E;  A.  N. 
Dunham,  of  Knoxville,  Company  F;  Stephen  P.  ChaseJ,  of  Brookfield,  color-bearer, 
and  Sylvester  Hunt,  of  Brookfield,  Company  H,  and  Edwin  B.  Bulkley,  of  Westfield, 
Company  K. 

Orville  S.  Kimball,  of  Westfield,  and  Harlan  P.  Kimball,  served  in  Company  I, 
One  Hundred  and  Third  regiment. 

William  H.  Lemger,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Company  K,  One  Hundred  and  Sev- 
enth regiment. 

Augustus  CaduganJ,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Six- 
teenth regiment. 

In  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-first  regiment  were  the  following:  Gilbert  H. 
Tremain,  of  Westfield,  Company  D;  John  W.  Hammond,  captain,  and  Truman  B. 
Foote  and  Sylvester  Tinney,  all  of  Osceola,  Company  G. 

David  Sherman  served  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  regiment. 

Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  of  Lawreneeville,  served  as  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Sixty-first  regiment;  and  Legrand  G.  Brant,  of  Lawrence  township,  in  Company  G; 
James  Freeland,  of  Osceola,  in  Company  H,  and  Clark  K.  Cameron,  of  Osceola,  in 
Company  I,  of  this  regiment. 

John  L.  Robb,  of  Parmington,  now  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  served  in  Company 
D,  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-fourth  regiment. 

*  Killed  or  morrtally  wounded,    t  Wounded,    f  Died. 


WAE    OF    THE    KBBBLLION.  247 


Thomas  C.  Knapp,  of  Lawrence  townshipj  enlisted  in  the  First  Cavalry,  but  was 
afterward  transferred  to  the  Second  Cavalry. 

Leroy  Hoaglin,  lieutenant,  George  Mack  and  Andrew  Sutton,  all  of  Osceola, 
served  in  Company  G,  Second  Veteran  Cavalry.  Delos  Kelts,  of  Lawrence  township, 
served  in  Company  B,  and  Luman  M.  Smith,  of  Lavrrence  township,  in  Company  B 
of  this  regiment.  Anderson  Bunn  served  in  the  Twelfth  Cavalry,  and  J.  J.  Brady  in 
the  Mounted  Eifles.  Seeley  D.  Green,  of  Osceola,  after  re-enlistment,  served  in  Com- 
pany G,  Twenty-second  Cavalry. 

Eev.  Stephen  M.  Dayton,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Battery  D,  Thirteenth  Heavy 
Artillery. 

IN  OTHES  STATES. 

Daniel  Butler,  of  Charleston,  served  in  the  First  Minnesota  regiment. 

Lott  M.  Webb  served  on  the  United  States  gunboat  Kinea,  in  the  Gulf  squadron. 

C.  M.  Prutsman,  of  Tioga,  was  an  orderly  sergeant  in  the  Seventh  Wisconsin 
Volunteers.     Horace  Johnson,  of  Tioga,  served  in  the  same  command. 

George  E.  Stauiier,  of  Sullivan,  served  in  Company  C,  Second  Maryland  Cavalry. 

John  Lynch,  of  Osceola,  served  in  Company  F,  First  Connecticut  Cavalry. 

Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  of  Lawrenceville,  served  as  assistant  surgeon  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  one  year,  was  then  assigned  to  the  Western  army,  and  in  1864  was  the 
operating  surgeon  of  the  Twenty-third  Army  Corps,  and  later  served  as  surgeon  in 
the  navy. 

Thomas  V.  Darling,  a  brother  of  Lewis,  served  four  years  in  the  United  States 
Marine  Corps. 

Dr.  Milton  P.  Orton,  of  Lawrenceville,  served  as  surgeon  from  1863  until  his 
death  at  Hatteras  Inlet,  February  3, 1864. 

Capt.  H.  S.  Green,  formerly  of  Wellsboro,  served  from  Kansas,  in  "Jim  Lane's 
Brigade." 

Capt.  A.  M.  Pitts,  who  died  in  Mansfield,  October  3,  1891,  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  Company  A,  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry,  August  10,  1863,  and  was  successively  pro- 
moted until  he  became  captain  of  Company  D,  the  same  year.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  in  September,  1865. 

Charles  Irvin,  of  Union  township,  a  brother  of  ex-Sheriff  John  Irvin,  served  in 
the  Twelfth  Illinois  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  at  Fort  Donelson. 

EOTJETEENTH  TTHriTED  STATES  IHTFANTEY. 

Company  C,  of  the  First  battalion,  of  the  above  regiment,  had  the  following 
Tioga  county  men,  mustered  August  37, 1863,  for  three  years: 

Homer  J.  Eipley,  commissioned  first  lieutenant  June  3,  1865;  captain 
September  15, 1867;  resigned  January  1, 1871.  James  B.  Eumsey,  hospital  steward; 
William  H.  Eumsey,  sergeant;  Abijah  S.  Eeynolds,  corporal.  Privates:  Henry 
Sliagerland,  L.  F.  Doud,  Melville  L.  Maine,  George  Clark,  Charles  Clarke,  Charles 
A.  Jones,  B.  P.  Ford,  Harvey  Peters,  Willard  Compton,  James  Vahzile,  Truman 
Mudge.     They  were  mustered  out  in  August,  1865. 

Captain  Eipley  was  mustered  as  captain  of  Company  D,  Thirty-second  regiment, 

*  Killed  or  mortally  wounded.     JWounded.    f  Died. 


248  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

United  States  army,  which  was  the  Third  battalion  of  the  Fourteenth  infantry,  and 
served  in  Arizona  and  other  parts  of  the  west  until  his  resignation  in  1871.  He 
closed  his  third  consecutive  term  as  register  and  recorder  of  Tioga  county,  January 
4, 1897. 

SOLDIBES'  MONUMENT. 

West  of  the  pagoda,  on  "The  Green,"  facing  the  court  house,  is  the  monument 
erected  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  Tioga  county,  who  gave  their 
lives  for  the  defense  of  the  Union  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  This  monument 
was  unveiled  and  dedicated  ISTovember  18,  1886,  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  It  is 
of  Green  Mountain  granite,  which  has  a  soft  gray  tinge  when  unpolished,  very  hard 
and  enduring,  and  which  takes  a  fine  and  lasting  polish.  The  only  polished  portions 
are  the  tablets.    The  one  facing  Main  street  bears  the  following  inscription: 

In  Memory  of 

the 

Soldiers  and  Sailors 

of 

Tiog-a  County 

who  died 

That  the  Nation  Might  Live. 

1861—1865. 

The  tablet  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  monument  contains  the  single  line: 
It  is  noble  to  die  for  one's  country. 

The  base  and  shaft  of  the  monument  is  twenty-five  feet  high,  and  the  base  stone 
is  eight  feet  square.  The  figure  of  the  infantry  soldier,  that  fittingly  crowns  the 
work,  is  a  very  finely-cut  and  life-like  statue,  seven  feet  six  inches  high.  It  weighs 
nearly  a  ton  and  cost  $3,000.  The  cost  of  the  whole  work,  including  incidentals, 
was  about  $4,600.  This  amount  was  raised  by  voluntary  contributions  throughout 
the  county. 

The  occasion  of  unveiling  the  monument  was  a  memorable  one.  Despite  the 
inclement  weather,  there  was  a  large  attendance.  The  opening  address  was  by  M. 
H.  Cobb,  followed  by  General  Gobin,  orator  of  the  day.  The  monument  was  pre- 
sented to  George  Cook  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  by  Hon.  Henry  W.  Williams,  who  referred  to 
the  fact  that  Tioga  county  contributed  nearly  3,000  men  to  suppress  the  Rebellion. 
This,  out  of  a  population  of  about  31,000,  was  a  large  number — almost  one  in  ten— 
and  of  this  number  probably  one-fourth  lost  their  lives,  on  the  field  of  battle,  in  the 
hospital  or  in  the  prison  pens  of  the  South. 

The  muffled  drum's  sad  roll  has  beat 

The  soldier's  last  tattoo; 
No  more  on  life's  parade  shall  meet 

That  brave  and  fallen  few. 
On  fame's  eternal  camping  ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread, 
But  glory  guards,  with  solemn  round. 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead. 

LOSSES  IN  THE  WAH. 

Maj.  George  W.  Merrick,  in  an  address  made  a  few  years  ago  on  Decoration  Day, 
said: 


LITEKATUEE    OF   TIOGA.  249 


At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  the  adult  male  population  of  the  county  was 
about  SIX  thousand.  Of  this  number  two  thousand  enlisted  in  the  Federal  armies.  The 
spirit  of  the  fathers  lived  in  the  sons.  Of  this  number,  there  were  lost  in  battle:  At 
Fredericksburg,  19;  South  Mountain,  16;  Antietam,  6;  Gettysburg,  15;  Wilderness,  18; 
Cold  Harbor,  15;  Petersburg,  47;  and  in  thirty-five  other  battles  of  the  war,  182;  acci- 
dentally killed,  3;  died  in  Union  hospitals,  62;  died  while  prisoners  of  war,  56.  Total  loss 
during  the  continuance  of  the  war,  445.  Twenty-two  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number  en- 
listed laid  down  their  lives  for  their  country!  These  simple  figures  speak  volumes  for 
the  loyalty  of  Tioga  county  in  the  War  of  the  Kebellion. 


CHAPTEE   XYL 

LITEEATUEE  OP  TIOGA. 

JosiAH  Emery's  English  Grammar— Lydia  Jane  Pierson,  the  Forest  Minstrel 
—Mary  Emily  Jackson,  a  Native  Poetess— M.  H.  Cobb,  Printer  and  Poet— 
"Nessmuk,"  the  Lover  and  Poet  op  Nature— His  Rambles,  Travels,  and 
Writings. 


IT  is  scarcely  known  that  Tioga  has  a  literature  of  which  any  county  might  feel 
proud.  The  first  publication  was  an  English  Grammar,  made  as  early  as  1829. 
It  was  by  Josiah  Emery,  a  teacher  in  the  old  Academy  at  that  time.  The  grammar, 
which  was  a  small  work,  was  "designed  as  a  first  book  for  children  commencing  the 
study."  It  was  copyrighted  March  9,  1829,  and  was  entitled  "An  Abridgment  of 
English  Grammar,  by  J.  Emery,  A.  B."  The  certificate  of  copyright  is  signed  by 
James  Armstrong,  clerk  of  the  Western  District  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Williamsport. 
The  little  grammar  has  long  since  passed  out  of  print  and  it  is  almost  impossible  at 
this  day  to  find  a  copy.    In  fact  there  are  few  living  who  have  any  knowledge  of  it. 

LYDIA     JANE     PIEESON. 

Mrs.  Lydia  Jane  Pierson,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Tioga  county,  attained 
great  distinction  as  a  poetess,  and  for  years  ranked  with  the  best  female  poets  of 
America.  Her  maiden  name  was  Wheeler,  and  she  was  born  in  Middletown,  Connec- 
ticut, in  1802.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  her  parents  removed  to  Madison  county, 
New  York,  where  she  was  employed  in  teaching  school  until  1821,  when  she  married 
Oliver  Pierson,  a  widower,  of  Cazenovia,  twenty-four  years  her  senior,  and  the  father 
of  five  children.  Her  biographer,  Mr.  Goodrich,  says  that  about  the  time  of  their 
marriage  Mr.  Pierson  traded  a  farm  for  one  thousand  acres  of  wild  land  lying  in  the 
western  part  of  Liberty  and  the  eastern  part  of  Morris  townships,  Tioga  county,  and 
in  the  following  year  he  moved  with  his  young  wife,  accompanied  by  two  of  his 
married  daughters  and  their  husbands,  to  this  land.  The  country  was  then  (1823) 
in  such  a  wilderness  condition  that  they  were  obliged  to  cut  a  road  nearly  the  whole 


250  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


distance  from  the  Block  Hoiise  settlement  (five  miles)  to  his  land,  and  then  make  an 
old  log  cabin  their  temporary  abode  until  lumber  could  be  hauled  a  long  distance 
to  construct  a  better  dwelling. 

It  was  here,  under  these  adverse  and  trying  circumstances — so  unlike  what  she 
had  been  used  to — contending  with  stern  fate,  yet  holding  "sweet  converse  with 
nature  and  with  nature's  charms,"  that  she  began  to  write  poetry.  To  a  spirit  like 
hers,  in  a  wilderness  home,  surrounded  by  so  many  sore  trials — ^both  domestic  and 
pecuniary — ^Ufe  would  have  been  a  great  burden  had  she  not  been  inspired  by  an 
intense  religious  zeal,  which  not  only  found  expression  in  her  daily  work  and  life, 
but  was  also  the  chief  theme  of  her  songs,  which  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  the 
poems  of  Mrs.  Hemans. 

Soon  after  the  establishment  of  The  Pioneer,  at  Wellsboro,  she  began  writing  for 
that  paper,  and  many  fine  pieces  not  found  in  her  published  volumes,  appeared  in 
its  columns. 

Some  time  in  1833,  Mr.  Pierson,  who  had  by  that  time  cleared  a  farm,  rented 
it  and  removed  with  his  family  to  Jersey  Shore,  when  his  wife  became  a  contributor 
to  the  Lycoming  Gazette,  then  a  weekly  paper  of  some  prominence,  published  at  WiU- 
iamsport.  At  the  end  of  two  years  Mr.  Pierson  purchased  a  bill  of  merchandise  on 
credit,  returned  with  his  family  to  his  old  home,  and  attempted  to  carry  on  a  mer- 
cantile business,  but  disastrously  failed,  and  his  farm  of  400  acres  was  sold  by  the 
sherifE  to  satisfy  his  creditors.  The  property  was  bid  off  by  Judge  Ellis  Lewis  and 
A.  V.  Parsons,  and  deeded  to  Thaddeus  Stevens  in  trust  for  Mrs.  Pierson  during  her 
life,  and  at  her  death  to  be  divided  among  her  children. 

Her  good  luck  came  about  in  this  wise.  At  the  time  Mr.  Stevens,  as  a  member  of 
the  legislature,  was  advocating  the  free  school  system,  she  wrote  a  poem  compli- 
mentary of  both  him  and  the  system,  which  pleased  him  so  much  that  he  sent  her 
fifty  dollars,  subsequently  made  her  acquaintance,  became  the  trustee  of  the  property 
of  herself  and  children,  and  educated  one  of  her  sons.  And  through  his  aid,  and 
some  kind  friends  in  Philadelphia,  she  had  her  first  volume  of  poems — ^Forest 
Leaves — published  in  1845.  The  following  year  her  second  volume — The  Forest 
Minstrel — was  published.  Each  of  these  volumes  comprise  364  pages,  and  they  in- 
clude from  seventy-five  to  eighty  poems  each.  Of  the  longest  and  best  sustained 
poems  of  a  high  order  of  merit,  may  be  mentioned  "The  "Wandering  Spirit," 
"Changes,"  "A  Moonlight  Dream,"  "Sunrise  in  the  Forest,"  "Sunset  in  the  Forest," 
"The  White  Thorn  and  Lennorah,"  ajid  "Elijah  on  Mount  Horeb,"  all  contained  in 
Forest  Leaves;  and  in  The  Forest  Minstrel  such  as  "The  Three  Marys,"  "Old  Letters," 
"The  Shipwreck,"  "The  Battle  Field,"  etc.,  may  be  found. 

There  is  high  authority  for  sayrag  that  some  of  the  compositions  here  mentioned, 
and  many  others  of  less  eztent  contained  in  these  two  volumes,  "will  bear  com- 
parison with  theproductions  of  the  most  popular  and  gifted  American  poets."  N.  P. 
Willis,  a  high  and  recognized  authority  in  literature,  once  said  of  Mrs.  Pierson  that 
in  sacred  and  Christian  themes  she  bore  away  from  him  the  palm. 

During  a  part  of  1849  and  1850  Mrs.  Pierson  edited  the  Lancaster  Intelligencer. 
In  1853  she  and  her  husband,  with  two  daughters  and  five  sons  of  the  second  mar- 
riage, went  to  Adrian,  Michigan,  leaving  one  daughter,  Mrs.  Emmick,  on  the  old 
homestead.    In  this  latter  place  she  died  in  1862,  aged  sixty  years,  and  is  there 


LITEHATUEE    OE   TIOGA.  251 


buried.  Her  widowed  husband  returned  to  Liberty,  and  died  at  Mrs.  Emmick's  house 
in  1865,  aged  eighty-seven  years.  Of  this  large  family  not  more  than  one  or  two 
axe  now  living. 

Her  trials  and  tribulations  were  great,  but  in  the  midst  of  her  sorrows  her 
genius  shown  resplendant  and  made  her  name  immortal.  One  of  the  most  pathetic 
of  her  poems,  not  usually  found  in  her  published  collections,  is  on  the  departure 
from  her  forest  home  in  Tioga  county.    It  is  as  follows: 

THE  LONG  FAREWELL. 
Farewell  !    ye  woody  wilds,  a  long  farewell, 

With  acMng  heart  I  bid  this  fond  adien; 
Ye  verdant  hills  and  every  lonely  dell, 

And  silver  streams  that  glide  the  forest  thro' ; 
Ye  bowers  of  ever  verdant  laurel  wreathes, 
And  shades  where  florid  health  forever  breathes. 

Perhaps  the  last  gaze  now  rests  on  you. 

1  saw  ye  first  with  agonizing  breast. 

And  tear  drops  from  the  heart's  recesses  wrung, 

And  friendships  severed  bonds  my  soul  distrest. 
And  every  hand  that  late  to  mine  had  clung. 

And  every  eye  illum'd  with  light  divine, 

Whose  tearful  lingering  gaze  was  fix'd  on  mine, 
Seemed  present  to  my  heart  by  absence  stung. 

Yet  soon  I  found  in  the  unbroken  calm 

Of  nature's  uninvaded  deep  repose, 
A  sacred  rest,  a  tranquilizing-  balm, 

A  half  oblivion  of  the  keenest  woes — 
I  found  a  solemn  joy  amid  the  gloom, 
As  mourners  find  o'er  virtue's  grass-grown  tomb. 

And  saw  "the  desert  blossom  like  the  rose." 

I've  seen  industry  fill  the  forest's  pride. 

And  cultivation  bring  her  magic  wand. 
And  holy  friendship  near  to  bliss  allied, 

Presented  me  again  her  faithful  hand — 
Contentment  beamed  upon  the  calm  retreat. 
And  peace  and  half  blown  joys  with  incense  sweet. 

Combined  to  chain  my  heart  with  firmest  band. 

Yet  now  I  go — ^perhaps  no  more  to  trace 
The  foot  path  winding  thro'  the  dewy  glade, 

Or  gaze  with  rapture  on  the  beaming  face 
Of  lov'd  companion  thro'  the  chequer'd  shade. 

Or  sit  and  rest  upon  the  fallen  tree. 

While  nature's  truth  in  open  converse  free. 
Unveiled  the  heart  and  flitting  time  betray'd. 

Farewell  ye  woods — farewell  ye  cultur'd  fields. 
Ye  infant  fruit  trees  and  ye  cherish'd  fiowers, 

Some  other  shall  enjoy  your  ripen'd  yields. 

And  ye  shall  soothe  some  other's  twilight  hours; 

Will  friendship  sometimes  as  it  passes  by, 

Bend  on  your  early  buds  a  tearful  eye. 
And  think  of  her  who  lov'd  your  balmy  bowers  ? 


252  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Farewell  my  friends — ^heaven  wills  that  we  shall  part, 

But  absence  cannot  break  affection's  chain, 
And  while  remembrance  clings  around  my  heart. 

Your  idea  ever  cherish'd  shall  remain — 
Oft  shall  I  weep  amid  the  bustling  scene, 
For  those  with  whom  1  rov'd  the  wild  wood  green. 

Or  live  by  memory's  light  with  them  again. 

O  !    can  I  say  we  shall  not  meet  again — 

No,  hope  forbids  that  fear  to  be  exprest ; 
Yet,  ah  !    what  bitter  days,  what  months  of  pain. 

What  cruel  pangs  may  wring  each  absent  breast; 
What  tears  may  fall  above  affection's  tomb; 
What  cherish'd  hopes  may  wither  in  their  bloom, 

Before  these  hands  in  mine  again  are  prest. 

0  !    hide  my  errors  in  oblivion's  wave. 

And  twine  my  friendship  with  the  laurel  wreath. 

1  have  no  foes — ^that  name  I  never  gave 

To  erring  mortal  on  this  world  beneath — 
Remember  me,  and  while  heaven's  light  I  view, 
In  sacred  truth  I'll  breathe  a  prayer  for  you, 

'Till  this  warm  heart  is  cold  and  still  in  death. 

— Ltdia  Jane. 

maht  emily  jackson. 

Mary  Emily  Jackson  early  in  life  evinced  a  talent  for  writing  verse  of  a  high 
order,  and  became  distinguished  for  her  talent.  She  was  born  in  1821,  in  Wells- 
boro,  and  was  reared  by  her  grandfather,  Ebenezer  Jackson.  Her  mother  was 
one  of  his  (Ebenezer's)  daughters.  Miss  Jackson  was  a  pupil  in  the  "Old  Academy," 
and  it  was  while  attending  school  that  her  poetic  genius  began  to  develop,  and 
between  1830  and  1840  she  was  at  the  height  of  her  fame. 

Mr.  Henry  H.  Goodrich,  in  a  brief  sketch  of  her,  published  several  years  ago, 
says  that  she  contributed  poems  to  the  Wellsboro  Phoenix,  and  subsequently  to 
the  Saturday  Evening  Post,  and  the  New  Yorker,  obtaining  from  them  such  a  high 
appreciation  of  her  talent  that  Horace  Greeley,  the  principal  editor  of  the  latter 
paper,  invited  her  to  become  a  member  of  his  household  and  write  regularly  for  his 
paper.     This  flattering  offer  she  declined. 

It  is  regretted  that  her  poems  were  not  collected  and  published  in  a  volume. 
All  were  fugitive  pieces,  and  few  can  be  found  at  this  day.  Her  poetry  was  marked 
by  much  harmony  of  expression,  versatility  of  thought,  and  delicacy  of  sentiment, 
combined  with  a  calm,  gentle  and  appreciative  love  of  nature;  but  imbued  with 
that  spirit  of  sadness  instinctive  in  and  characteristic  of  the  true  poet.  She  was 
possessed  of  more  than  ordinary  personal  charm  and  beauty,  which  joined  to  her 
amiable  disposition  and  adorned  by  her  literary  talent,  made  her  society  esteemed, 
and  won  for  her  many  admiring  friends.  She  was  of  medium  height,  with  hair 
and  eyes  dark,  complexion  pale  and  delicate,  and  manner  of  exceeding  grace.  In 
1843  she  married  Isaac  Cleaver,  of  Covington,  and  went  there  to  reside,  when  she 
discontinued  her  contributions  to  the  press.  She  died  at  the  residence  of  her  son 
Isaac,  at  Troy,  Bradford  county,  in  1869,  and  is-buried  by  the  side  of  her  husband 
at  Covington,  who  preceded  her  to  the  grave.  They  had  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
The  latter,  named  for  her  mother,  married  H.  F.  Long. 


LITEEATUKE    OF   TIOGA.  253 


Tradition  says  that  her  finest  poem  was  entitled  "My  Mountain  Home,"  but 
diligent  search  has  failed  to  develop  a  copy.  The  only  poem  that  could  be  found 
at  the  present  time  was  discovered  in  a  stray  copy  of  the  Phoenix,  printed  many  years 
ago.  It  is  entitled  "The  Parting,"  and  from  the  tone  of  sadness  which  seems  to 
crop  out  in  every  stanza,  it  is  inferred  that  it  was  written  about  the  time  she  became 
a  bride  and  left  the  home  of  her  childhood  at  Wellsboro.     It  is  as  follows: 

The  Parting. 
One  look,  one  passionate  parting  word, 

And  the  pang  of  the  heart  is  o'er; 
One  tear  for  the  yearning  which  grief  hath  stirred, 
For  the  deep,  low  tones  of  the  farewell  heard, 
And  we  shall  meet  no  more. 

* 
And  yet  as  the  lingering  ray  of  eve 

Fades  over  the  distant  sea — 

As  twilight's  shadows  the  wild  flowers  leave, 

•     And  the  winds  thro'  the  leaves  of  the  lotus  grieve, 

Will  ye  have  no  thought  for  me? 

I  am  leaving  the  whispers  of  bnd  and  bough, 

Ere  the  summer's  wild  flowers  fade; 
Yet  a  furrovif  is  deep  on  my  darkened  brow. 
That  has  worn  in  its  sorrowless  pride  till  now. 

The  garland  ye  have  made. 

And  as  the  winds  of  the  cold  north  come 

With  a  tone  more  sad  and  deep  ; 
Will  ye  not  meet  at  our  childhood's  home 
For  the  weary  feet  that  are  doomed  to  roam 

In  their  fragile  strength,  to  weep? 

Ye  have  been  the  fountain  in  life's  young  hour,  ' 

Of  affection's  wealth  to  me  ; 
And  now  when  the  tempests  of  noonday  lower 
And  fate  frowns  dark  with  a  fiendish  power, 

Will  ye  not  think  of  me?  » 

Ye  will  think  of  me,  ye  will  think  of  me 

As  ye  think  of  the  soulless  dead; 
Ye  will  meet  at  the  haunts  of  our  childish  glee. 
Where  all  bright  things  of  the  earth  are  free. 

But  not  as  in  days  now  fled. 

Ye  will  know  that  a  shadow  has  passed  away. 

That  broken  is  love's  deep  spell; 
That  hushed  are  the  breathings  of  Love's  young  lay. 
And  dark  is  the  close  of  its  summer  day — 

Home,  friends  of  my  youth,  farewell! 

— Maby  Emilt  Jackson. 

M.  H.  COBB,  PKINTER  AND  POET. 

One  of  the  sweetest  singers  of  Tioga's  poets  was  j\I.  H.  Cobb,  for  some  time 
editor  and  publisher  of  the  Wellsboro  Agitator.  So  highly  appreciated  were  his 
poetic  effusions,  that  on  the  eve  of  his  departure  for  another  field  of  labor,  his  friends 
pollected  a  "small  number  of  the  many  excellent  fruits  of  his  own  genius,"  printed 


254  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

them  in  a  beautiful  little  volume  and  presented  it  to  him  as  "a  memento  of  friend- 
ship." 

Mr.  Cobb  was  bom  in  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  April  30, 1838,  and  became 
a  printer  and  editor  in  early  life.  His  connection  with  the  Agitator  will  be  found 
described  in  the  chapter  on  the  press  of  Wellsboro. 

Harpel's  elegant  volume,  entitled  "Poets  and  Poetry  of  Printerdom,"  refers  to 
that  exquisite  gem,  "The  World  Would  Be  the  Better  for  It,"  in  these  words:  "It 
took  form  in  his  mind  almost  unbidden  early  one  December  morning  in  1854,  and 
rising  he  transcribed  it,  and  sent  it  to  the  New  York  Tribune,  and  it  has  been  every- 
Avhere  read  since.  He  obeyed  the  poetic  impulse  then,  under  the  influence  of  love 
for  humanity."    Here  is  the  poem: 

THE  WOBLD  WOTTLD  BE  THE  BETTER  FOE  IT. 

If  men  cared  less  for  wealth  and  fame, 
And  less  for  battlefields  and  glory; 
If,  writ  in  human  hearts,  a  name 

Seemed  better  than  in  song  and  story; 
If  men,  instead  of  nursing  pride. 

Would  learn  to  hate  and  to  abhor  it; 
If  more  relied 
On  love  to  guide. 
The  world  would  be  the  better  for  it. 

If  men  dealt  less  in  stocks  and  lands, 

And  more  in  bonds  and  deeds  fraternal; 
If  love's  work  had  more  willing  hands 
To  link  this  world  with  the  supernal; 
If  men  stored  up  love's  oil  and  wine, 
And  on  bruised  human  hearts  would  pour  it; 
If  "yours"  and  "mine" 
Would  once  combine, 
The  world  would  be  the  better  for  it. 

If  more  would  act  the  play  of  Life, 

And  fewer  spoil  it  in  rehearsal; 
If  bigotry  would  sheathe  its  knife 

Till  good  became  more  universal; 
If  custom,  gi-ay  with  ages  grown. 
Had  fewer  blind  men  to  adore  it; 
If  talent  shone 
In  truth  alone. 
The  world  would  be  the  better  for  it. 

If  men  were  wise  in  little  things — 

Affecting  less  in  all  their  dealings; 
If  hearts  had  fewer  rusted  strings 

To  isolate  their  kindly  feelings; 
If  men,  when  wrong  beats  down  the  right, 
Would  strike  together  to  restore  it; 
If  right  made  might 
In  every  figlit. 
The  world  would  be  the  better  for  it. 


LITEEAXUEB    OS   TIOGA.  255 


NESSMUK. 

George  W.  Sears,  poet,  editor,  traveler  and  woodsman,  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, December  2,  1821,  and  died  at  Ms  home  in  Wellsboro,  May  1,  1890.  He  early- 
developed  a  liking  for  outdoor  life,  and  in  his  youth  spent  much  of  his  time  with 
the  remnant  of  a  tribe  of  Nepmug  Indians  living  near  his  home.  He  took  a  fancy 
to  their  chief,  Nessmuk,  and  in  after  life  signed  that  name  to  his  poetic  effusions. 

When  he  grew  to  manhood  his  love  for  the  woods  did  not  forsake  him  and  he 
spent  much  of  his  time  in  the  solitude  of  the  forest,  and  there  many  of  his  finest 
poems  were  written  on  birch  bark.  Mr.  Sears  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1848,  preceding 
his  father's  family  several  years.  He  learned  the  trade  of  a  shoemaker,  which  he 
pursued  when  not  enjoying  the  solitude  of  the  forest.  When  a  young  man  he  shipped 
aboard  a  whaler  for  a  three  years'  cruise,  but  the  vessel  put  in  at  Fayal  Islands, 
and,  as  he  was  sick  with  the  fever,  he  was  taken  ashore  and  left  in  the  hospital.  When 
convalescent  he  was  sent  home  by  the  United  States  government. 

Some  time  in  the  fifties  he  contributed  to  the  Spirit  of  the  Times  a  serial 
romance  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  ISTessmuk,  which  was  widely  read  and  commented 
on.  From  that  time  on  he  became  a  valued  correspondent  of  Forest  and  Stream, 
Outing,  American  Angler,  etc. 

When  the  call  for  75,000  volunteers  was  made  by  President  Lincoln,  he  was 
one  of  the  first  to  respond  and  became  a  member  of  the  original  Bucktails;  but 
meeting  with  an  accident  while  in  camp  at  Harrisburg,  by  which  his  right  instep 
was  broken,  he  was  discharged  and  reluctantly  returned  home. 

In  1867  his  love  of  travel  led  him  to  South  America,  and  he  spent  most  of  his 
time  at  Para,  Brazil,  carefully  watching  the  workings  of  the  rubber  industry  and 
corresponding  for  the  Philadelphia  Press.     He  remained  in  Brazil  nearly  a  year. 

Mr.  Sears  was  a  true  lover  of  nature.  Unaccompanied  he  would  go  to  the  wildest 
nooks  with  rod,  dog  and  gun,  and  pass  weeks  in  solitude.  In  this  way  he  explored 
the  Adirondack  region,  and  the  log  of  his  canoe,  Nessmuk,  a  boat  which  only  weighed 
seventeen  pounds,  shows  a  cruise  for  1880  of  over  550  miles.  In  1884  he  cruised  in 
the  same  region  a  distance  of  350  miles,  but  the  voyage  was  cut  short  by  failing 
health. 

In  order  to  escape  the  rigors  of  the  winter  in  this  northern  latitude  he  went  to 
Florida  in  1886.  The  climate  agreed  with  him  and  he  was  greatly  benefitted.  He 
returned  in  1887  and  remained  during  the  summer.  This  was  a  fatal  mistake.  He 
contracted  malaria,  and  this  coupled  with  his  king  trouble  wore  his  life  away.  He 
faded  like  the  maple  leaves  he  loved  so  well  and  died  as  stated  in  1890.  It  was  his 
request  to  be  buried  in  his  own  dooryard  under  the  lilacs  that  he  planted,  and  the 
six  hemlocks  which  he  had  carefully  nurtured  were  to  be  sentinels  over  his  grave. 
But  his  wish  was  not  carried  out.  In  the  cemetery  his  remains  rest  and  a  granite 
tablet  marks  the  spot,  reared  to  his  memory  by  the  Forest  and  Stream  publishing 
company.  And  sunken  in  the  stone  is  a  bronze  likeness  of  the  poet  in  relief,  which 
is  said  to  be  excellent. 

A  contemporary  says  that  he  was  somewhat  of  a  recluse.  Early  in  life  he  made 
up  his  mind  that  the  vanities  of  the  world  were  not  worth  the  struggle.  That  marts 
were  but  places  where  "man  cheats  his  fellow  man,  or  robs  the  workman  of  his 
wage."    The  trumpet  of  Fame  sounded  not  in  his  ear,  urging  him  to  higher  aspira- 


256  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tions.  Prosperity,  fortune  and  position  lured  him  not  with  their  seductive  smiles, 
and  for  the  pomp  and  vain  glory  of  the  world  he  had  no  wish  or  desire.  Leaving 
all  the  vexations  of  life,  he  sought  solitu'de  in  the  peaceful  woods.  In  mountain 
path,  by  sylvan  brook,  alone,  he  loved  to  stray.  The  appended  gem,  written  while 
buried  in  one  of  the  wildest  nooks  of  Tioga  county,  shows  the  thought  which  moved 
his  mind: 

CEAQS  AND  PINES. 

Who  treads  the  dirty  lanes  of  trade 

Shall  never  know  the  wondrous  things 

Told  by  the  rugged  forest  kings 
To  him  who  sleeps  beneath  their  shade. 

Only  to  him  whose  coat  of  rags 

Has  pressed  at  night  their  royal  feet 

Shall  come  the  secrets,  strange  and  sweet, 
Of  isegal  pines  and  beetling  crags. 

For  him  the  Wood-nymph  shall  unlock 

The  mystic  treasures  which  have  lain 

A  thousand  years  in  frost  and  rain. 
Deep  in  the  bosom  of  the  rock. 

Tor  this  and  these  he  must  lay  down 

The  things  that  wordlings  most  do  prize, 

Holding  his  being  in  her  eyes. 
His  fealty  to  her  laurel  crown. 

No  greed  of  gold  shall  come  to  him, 

Nor  strong  desire  of  earthly  praise; 

But  he  shall  love  the  silent  ways 
Of  forest  aisles  and  arches  dim. 

And  dearer  hold  the  open  page 

Of  nature's  book  than  shrewdest  plan 

By  which  man  cheats  his  fellow  man. 
Or  robs  the  workman  of  his  wage. 

As  a  writer  of  prose  and  poetry  Mr.  Sears  ranked  far  above  mediocrity.  In  1884 
he  published  a  modest  little  volume  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  Nessmuk,  entitled 
"Woodcraft,"  giving  his  experiences  of  fifty  years  in  the  woods,  with  instructions  to 
hunters  and  fishermen  how  to  camp  out  and  enjoy  the  sport.  The  book  proved 
very  popular  with  sportsmen  and  ran  through  several  editions.  It  forms  one  of  the 
"Forest  and  Stream"  series,  and  is  still  much  sought  after  by  lovers  of  the  chase. 

But  the  crowning  poem  of  his  life,  which  gave  him  reputation  and  fame  in 
spite  of  his  seclusiveness,  was  "John  0'  the  Smithy,"  first  published  in  the  Atlantic 
Monthly.    It  is  given  herewith: 

JOHN  O'  THE  SMITHY. 

Down  in  the  vale  where  the  mavis  sings 

And  the  brook  is  turning  an  old-time  wheel. 
From  morning  till  night  the  anvil  rings 

Where  John  0'  the  Smithy  is  forging  steel. 


LITEKATUKE    OF   TIOGA.  257 


My  lord  rides  out  at  the  castle  gate, 

My  lady  is  grand  in  bower  and  hall, 
With  men  and  maidens  to  cringe  and  wait, 

And  John  O'  the  Smithy  must  pay  for  all. 

The  bishop  rides  in  his  coach  and  four, 

His  grooms  and  horses  are  fa,t  and  sleek; 
He  has  lackeys  behind  and  lackeys  before, 

He  rides  at  a  hundred  guineas  a  week. 
The  anvil  is  singing  its  "ten  pound  ten," 

The  mavis  pipes  from  its  birken  spray. 
And  this  is  the  song  that  fills  the  glen, 

John  O'  the  Smithy  has  all  to  pay. 

The  smith  has  a  daughter,  rosy  and  sweet, 

My  lord  has  a  son  with  a  wicked  eye; 
When  she  hears  the  sound  of  his  horses'  feet 

Her  heart  beats  quicker — she  knows  not  why. 
She  will  knovy  very  well  before  the  end; 

She  will  learn  to  detest  their  rank  and  pride, 
When  she  has  the  young  lord's  babe  to  tend. 

While  the  bishop's  daughter  becomes  his  bride. 

There  will  be  the  old,  old  story  to  tell 

Of  wrong  and  sorrow  in  places  high, 
A  bishop  glazing  the  deeds  of  hell. 

The  Priest  and  the  Levite  passing  by. 
And  the  father  may  bow  his  frosted  head 

When  he  sees  the  young  bride  up  at  the  hall. 
And  say  'twere  better  his  child  were  dead, 

But  John  O'  the  Smithy  must  pay  for  all. 

The  smith  and  his  daughter  will  pass  away, 

And  another  shall  make  the  anvil  ring 
For  his  daily  bread  and  the  hodden  gray; 

But  the  profits  shall  go  to  the  priest  and  king. 
And  over  the  wide  world,  day  by  day, 

The  smiths  shall  waken  at  early  morn 
Each  to  his  task  in  the  old  dull  way, 

To  tread  a  measure  of  priestly  corn. 

And  the  smith  shall  live  on  the  coarsest  fare 

With  little  that  he  may  call  his  own. 
While  the  idler  is  free  from  work  or  care; 

For  the  best  of  all  must  go  to  the  drone. 
And  the  smith  complains  of  the  anvil's  song. 

Complains  of  the  years  he  has  wrought  and  pined, 
For  priests  and  rulers  are  swift  to  wrong 

And  the  mills  of  God  are  slow  to  grind. 

But  a  clear,  strong  voice  from  over  the  sea 
Is  piercing  the  murk  of  the  moral  night! 

Time  is,  time  was;    and  time  shall  be 

That  John  O'  the  Smithy  will  have  his  right. 


17 


258  HISTOKY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTS'. 


And  ttey  who  have  worn  the  mitre  and  crown, 
Who  have  pressed  him  sore  in  body  and  soul, 

Shall  perish  from  earth  when  the  grist  is  ground 
And  the  mighty  miller  has  claimed  his  toll. 

His  best  poems  have  been  'collected  and  published  in  a  handsome  volume  by 
Forest  and  Stream,  so  that  they  will  not  perish,  but  form  a  part  of  the  permanent 
literature  of  Tioga  county — a  literature  that  will  last  as  long  as  the  beetling  crags 
and  dashing  rivulets  of  his  adopted  county. 

While  this  chapter  is  termed  the  "Literature  of  Tioga,"  much  in  the  line  of  his- 
tory, both  civil  and  military,  has  been  written  at  later  dates,  which  is  not  regarded 
as  belonging  to  this  department. 


CHAPTER  XYII. 

WELLSBOKO. 

Desceiptive— The  Original  Town  Plot— Additional  Lots  Surveyed— Promi- 
nent Pioneers— JosiAH  Emery's  Reminiscences — Postoffice  and  Post- 
masters— John  Scheffee,  the  Young  Mail  Carrier — His  Route  Through 
THE  Wilderness— Postoffice  Statistics— Old-Time  Taverns  and  Land- 
lords-Modern Hotels. 


WELLSBOEO,  the  county  seat  of  Tioga  county,  is  situated  about  two  miles  south 
and  west  of  the  geographical  center  of  the  county.  Within  its  limits  Charleston 
creek,  Morris  run  and  Kelsey  run — all  flowing  toward  the  north — unite  to  form 
Marsh  creek.  The  converging  of  these  hill-inclosed  creek  valleys  affords  an  excellent 
site  of  great  natural  beauty  for  a  good-sized  city.  The  rapid  fall  of  the  streams  and 
the  undulating  character  of  the  ground,  insuring  free  drainage,  combined  with  the 
altitude,  which  is  1,319  feet  above  tide  water,  make  it  a  healthful  as  well  as  beautiful 
place  of  residence.  Its  location  near  the  geographical  center  of  the  county — at  the 
crossing  of  the  east  and  west  and  the  north  and  south  State  roads — and  its  proximity 
to  the  main  line  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  a  branch  of  which  passes  through  it, 
render  it  accessible  to  the  people  of  the  various  townships,  and  give  those  who  live 
within  its  limits  every  reason  to  beUeve  it  will  more  than  keep  pace  with  the  country 
about  it,  in  all  that  goes  to  make  up  a  permanent  and  enduring  prosperity.  It  is  the 
business  and  trading  center  of  a  number  of  the  most  prosperous  agricultural  town- 
ships of  the  county,  and  its  mercantile  and  manufacturing  enterprises  are  in  the 
hands  of  energetic,  wide-awake  and  intelligent  business  men,  who,  aside  from  the 
conduct  of  their  own  personal  affairs,  are  neglecting  no  opportunity  to  keep  it  well 


WELLSBOEO.  259 


up  in  the  procession  of  progress,  and  make  it  worthy  of  good  repute  as  a  well-gov- 
erned, orderly  and  forward-marching  borough. 

THE     OKIGINAL    TOWN    PLOT. 

The  land  originally  set  apart  as  a  site  for  a  "county  town"  by  Benjamin  Wistar 
Morris  embraced  150  acres,  a  full  description  of  which  may  be  found  on  pages  1,  3,  3 
and  4  of  Deed  Book  No.  1,  in  the  of&ce  of  the  register  and  recorder.  By  a  deed  dated 
July  14,  1806,  and  recorded  September  6,  1806,  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  and  his 
wife,  Mary  Wells  Morris,  conveyed  to  John  Fleming,  William  Hill  Wells  and  William 
Ellis,  the  trustees  appointed  by  law  to  locate  the  county  seat  of  Tioga  county,  "one 
full  and  equal  moiety,"  or  seventy-five  acres  of  this  tract.  This  conveyance  included 
all  of  the  tract  lying  northwest  of  Walnut  street  and  southwest  of  a  line  drawn 
through  the  center  of  Central  avenue,  and  took  in  the  squares  occupied  by  the  county 
buildings  and  the  park.  The  remainder  of  the  tract,  lying  northwest  of  Walnut 
street  and  southeast  of  a  line  drawn  through  the  center  of  Central  avenue,  was  re- 
tained by  Mr.  Morris. 

Before  this  conveyance  was  made  a  town  plot  had  been  surveyed,  embracing 
forty-five  and  three-fourths  acres  with  usual  allowances,  etc.  This  plot,  which  was 
six  blocks  long  by  three  wide,  extended  from  northeast  to  southwest,  the  line  being 
north,  forty-five  degrees  east,  and  was  bounded  on  its  northeastern  side  by  Queen 
street;  on  its  southeastern  side  by  Walnut  street;  on  its  southwestern  side  by  King 
street,  and  on  its  northwestern  side  by  Water  street.  Main  street,  the  principal  street 
running  from  northeast  to  southwest,  is  100  feet  wide,  as  is  also  Central  avenue,  the 
principal  cross  street.  All  the  other  streets  are  fifty  feet  wide.  The  plot  shows  eighty 
lots,  the  full-sized  ones  being  60x250  feet.  A  map  of  this  survey  was  filed  for  record 
May  5, 1808. 

Morris,  it  will  be  remembered,  said  in  the  advertisement,  quoted  in  a  preceding 
chapter,  that  the  town  was  "laid  out  upon  the  same  plan  as  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia." The  two  acres  which  he  set  aside  for  the  public  buildings  and  like  amounts 
for  the  square,  or  "green,"  are  in  the  center  of  the  plot,  and  around  the  latter  he 
expected  the  business  houses  and  churches  would  cluster.  But  his  dream  was  never 
fully  realized.  The  county  buildings  face  the  western  side  of  the  "green,"  law  offices 
are  on  the  north,  and  churches  and  dwellings  on  the  east  and  south.  His  idea  was 
based  on  the  English  plan  for  founding  rural  towns. 

ADDITIONAL     LOTS     SUEVBYED. 

It  will  be  observed  that  of  the  seventy-five  acres  conveyed  by  Benjamin  Wistar 
Morris  and  wife  to  the  trustees  named  in  the  deed,  but  a  little  more  than  twenty 
acres  were  included  in  the  original  town  plot.  The  remaining  portion,  embracing 
some  fifty  odd  acres,  lay,  for  the  most  part,  southwest  of  King  street,  and  it  is  pre- 
sumed was  soon  afterward  sub-divided  into  out  lots  and  offered  for  sale. 

Upon  the  election  of  the  first  board  of  county  commissioners  and  their  entrance 
upon  their  official  duties  in  October,  1808,  the  trustees  selected  to  locate  the  county 
seat  turned  over  to  them  the  charge  of  the  sale  of  these  lots.  After  the  opening  of 
the  first  court  in  Wellsboro,  in  1813,  and  the  completion  of  the  organization  of  the 
county  in  all  its  departments,  there  appears  to  have  been  an  advance  in  price  of  lots. 


260  HISTOEX   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


since  we  find  in  the  proceedings  of  the  commissioners^  under  date  of  July  9, 1814,  the 
following: 

Eesolved,  That  town  lots  ninety-five  feet  in  front  by  250  feet  deep  be  sold  at 
eighteen  dollars  per  lot.  The  acre  lots,  which  coatain  one  and  two  acres,  to  be  sold  at 
ten  dollars  per  acre.  Said  lots  to  be  cleared  in  one  year  from  date  of  deed.  Purchase 
money  to  be  paid  on  delivery  of  deed. 

PBOMINENT      PIONEBES. 

Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  the  founder  of  Wellsboro,  and  the  first  settler  upon 
its  site,  came  into  Tioga  county  from  Philadelphia,  about  1799,  as  the  representatiye 
and  trustee  of  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  and  also  as  the  contractor  for  opening 
the  north  and  south  State  road,  from  Newberry,  Lycoming  county,  by  way  of  Little 
Pine  creek,  through  Tioga  county  to  the  ISI  ew  York  State  line.  He  soon  afterward  re- 
moved his  family  hither  and  took  up  his  residence  in  a  log  cabin  erected  on  the  site 
of  the  present  home  of  W.  D.  Van  Horn  in  1800.  Soon  after  this  William  Hill  Wells 
and  Gideon  Wells,  brothers  of  Mrs.  Morris,  located  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest 
of  the  village  site,  and,  so  far  as  known,  were  the  first  settlers  within  the  boundaries 
of  what  is  now  Delmar  township. 

Before  Mr.  Morris  laid  out  the  town  of  Wellsboro,  in  1806,  and  offered  its  lots  for 
sale,  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  had  been  erected  on  Marsh  creek,  just  below  the 
present  borough  limits,  by  Samuel  W.  Fisher,  a  resident  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  pre- 
sumed that  these  enterprises  were,  at  the  outset,  owned  by  the  land  company,  and  that 
they  were  in  the  charge  of  Mr.  Morris,  the  company's  representative  here,  who  al- 
luded to  them  in  his  advertisement  in  the  Lycoming  Gazette,  November  13,  1806, 
setting  forth  the  advantages  of  the  new  "county  town." 

It  is  difficult,  at  this  late  day,  to  give  the  names  of  the  early  settlers  upon  the 
site  of  Wellsboro  in  the  order  of  their  coming.  The  assessment  list  of  1813,  the  best 
authority  at  hand,  shows  that  the  following-named  persons  were  taxed  either  as  resi- 
dents or  owners  of  lots  in  that  year:  Abisha  Baker,  Alpheus  Cheney,  then  sheriff 
of  the  county;  Joseph  Fish,  who  soon  after  established  a  tan-yard,  which  developed 
into  a  paying  and  important  enterprise,  and  who  was  also  an  early  tavern  keeper; 
William  Hill,  who  planned  the  first  office  building  for  the  commissioners  a.nd  pro- 
thonotary;  Titus  Ives,  a  county  commissioner;  David  Lindsey,  at  whose  home  the 
meetings  of  the  commissioners  were  held  as  early  as  June  23,  1809;  Aaron  Niles, 
who  settled  near  the  Charleston  township  line,  in  1810,  east  of  the  old,  but  within 
the  present  borough  limits;  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  Samuel  W.  Morris,  the  first 
postmaster,  and  a  county  commissioner;  John  Norris,  prothonotary  and  register  and 
recorder,  and  Henry  Sligh,  or  Sly,  the  first  "village  blacksmith." 

Mordecai  M.  Jackson  came  with  his  parents  to  this  part  of  the  county  in  1804, 
being  then  about  twenty  years  of  age.  His  parents  becoming  discouraged  returned 
to  Philadelphia.  He,  however,  remained,  and  some  years  later  became  the  owner  of 
the  old  Samuel  W.  Fisher  mills,  in  which  he  had  been  employed.  William  Bache, 
Sr.,  who  had  visited  the  village  in  1811,  removed  here  from  Philadelphia  in  1812, 
with  his  young  wife.  His  son,  William,  was  born  here  October  26,  1812,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  oldest  living  persons  born  in  the  county,  and  the  oldest  bom  within  the 
borough  limits.    It  is  said  that  Harvey,  a  son  of  Henry  Sly,  the  blacksmith,  was  the 


WELLSBOEO.  261 


first  child  bom  in  the  village.  He  first  opened  his  eyes  in  a  rude  log  house  which 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  Wellsboro  Hotel.  Daniel  Kelsey,  who  settled  in  1807,  was 
then  living  within  the  present  borough  limits.  The  resident  "single  .freemen"  were 
David  Henry  and  David  Greenleaf. 

At  this  time,  so  far  as  either  record  or  tradition  informs  us,  the  only  things  in- 
dicating a  purpose  to  build  a  town  were  a  few  scattered  cabins,  the  old  Quaker  Meet- 
ing House,  the  postoffice,  kept  at  Mr.  Morris'  home,  and  Henry  Sly's  blacksmith 
shop,  if  he  then  had  one. 

The  opening  of  the  courts  in  Jamiary,  1813,  infused  new  life  into  the  struggling 
village.  Alpheus  Cheney  and  Israel  Greenleaf  were  granted  tavern  licenses  and 
work  was  begun  on  the  court  house  and  jail  and  an  office  building  for  the  com- 
missioners and  the  prothonotary.  A  store,  the  first  one  in  the  place,  was  started 
soon  afterward  by  William  Bache,  Sr.,  in  a  log  building  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Presbyterian  church.  About  the  same  time  Mr.  Morris,  so  it  is  said,  kept  a  small 
stock  of  goods  in  his  home.    These  were  the  pioneer  mercantile  enterprises. 

Among  those  who  settled  in  the  village  between  1812  and  1816,  whose  names 
appear  on  the  assessment  -list  of  the  latter  year,  were  Charles  Daniels  and  Ezekiel  L. 
Jones,  blacksmiths.  Daniels  died  a  few  years  later  and  his  widow  removed  to  Tioga. 
Jones  remained  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  about  1843,  after  which  he  appears 
to  have  lived  retired.  Peter  Faulkner,  a  physician,  was  here  in  1816.  In  that  year 
Alanson  Thompson  was  granted  a  tavern  license,  which  was  renewed  annually  up 
to  1833.    A  license  was  also  granted  to  Joseph  Fish  and  renewed  to  1818.    A^out 

1816,  also.  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown  settled  in  the  village  and  became  the  first  physician 
to  locate  permanently.  He  remained  until  1830,  when  he  removed  to  Shippen 
township.  Ebenezer  and  Lorentes  Jackson  were  also  here  in  1816.  The  latter  was 
afterwards  a  surveyor  and  land  agent.  William  Patton,  the  first  lawyer  to  locate 
in  the  village,  came  soon  after  the  opening  of  the  first  courts. 

Upon  the  assessment  list  of  1818  appears  the  name  of  Solomon  Daniels,  "laborer 
and  fiddler."  In  this  year  Samuel  W.  Morris  appears  as  "shopkeeper."  He  was 
also  operating  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  near  the  site  of  Stokesdale  Junction, 
then  known  as  "The  Marsh."     John  Beecher,  who  was  licensed  September  15, 

1817,  was  keeping  the  old  "Cheney  Tavern,"  his  license  being  renewed  annually  until 
1831.  He  was  also  an  early  merchant,  and  transacted  business  in  a  store  building 
on  the  east  corner  of  Morris  and  Main  streets.  In  1818,  also,  Eoswell  B.  Alford  was 
operating  a  saw-mill  on  Charleston  creek,  near  the  present  railroad  station. 

Among  the  newcomers  appearing  on  the  list  for  1819  were  Royal  Cole,  a  veteran 
of  the  Revolution  and  War  of  1813,  afterward  a  well-known  and  prominent  citizen, 
who  died  July  4, 1849,  in  his  ninetieth  year;  Daniel  Parker;  Joseph  Reynolds,  shoe- 
maker; Elijah  Stiles,  shoemaker,  and  two  years  later  sheriff;  James  Kimball,  car- 
penter, and  for  nearly  forty  years  an  "innkeeper;"  Chauncey  Alford,  an  early  distiller 
and  grist-mill  owner;  Uriah  Spencer,  who  was  elected  prothonotary  in  1818,  and 
Benjamin  Tome. 

William  Covenhoven,  "tanner;"  Ebenezer  Hill,  John  Isenhouer,  "iaylor;" 
Frederick  Leete,  physician,  and  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  who  founded  the  Phoenix  in 
1837,  were  all  here  in  1830,  as  was  Amos  Coolidge,  who  afterwards  settled  in 
"Coolidge  Hollow,"  Delmar  township.     John  B.  Murphey,  physician,  located  in  the 


262  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

village  about  this  time.    He  practiced  his  profession  and  kept  tavern  for  a  number 
of  years. 

In  1822  William  Baehe,  St.,  and  Chauneey  Alford  were  both  operating  distil- 
leries. Mr.  Bache's  distillery  was  located  on  Kelsey  run,  back  of  the  court  house. 
He  eajried  it  on  about  ten  years.  Alford  continued  about  five  years.  Luther  K. 
Hildreth,  shoemaker,  was  also  here  in  1822,  as  was  Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  who  kept 
tavern  until  1837,  and  Ellis  Lewis  and  Lloyd  Wells,  attorneys. 

The  name  of  Eichard  Hughes,  "shopkeeper,"  appears  in  1823.  William  Bache 
says  he  was  a  peddler.  The  names  of  John  Lawson,  "wheelwright;"  James  Lock, 
"watchmaker,"  and  Cooley  Newcomb  also  appear.  The  name  of  Eichard  Gates, 
blacksmith,  appears  in  1825.  In  December  of  this  year  Ellis  Lewis  and  his  nephew, 
Eankin  Lewis,  a  printer,  started  the  Tioga  Pioneer,  the  first  newspaper  published 
in  the  county.  It  was  removed  to  Tioga  in  1827.  In  1825  the  name  of  Francis 
Wetherbee,  "house  Joiner,"  also  appears;  as  does  that  of  Jonathan  Webster,  who 
established  a  fulling  mill  on  Charleston  creek,  near  the  railroad  station.  In  1838 
he  added  a  carding  machine,  and  carried  on  the  enterprise  until  his  death  about  1844. 
Wetherbee  succeeded  Seth  Daggett  as  sheriff  in  1831,  and  finally  removed  to  Min- 
nesota  when  that  state  began  to  attract  settlers. 

William  Garretson,  attorney;  James  Lowrey  and  M.  T.  Leavenworth,  students- 
at-law;  0.  T.  Bundy,  physician;  Benjamin  Shipman  and  Charles  Nash,  early  teachers 
in  the  Academy,  and  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  whose  father  settled  in  Delmar  township 
in  ]S805,  were  all  here  in  1826.  Stephen  Bliss,  blacksmith,  was  here  in  1828,  and  also 
John  E.  Donaldson,  "printer,"  and  afterwards  prothonotary  for  upwards  of  thirty 
years.  In  this  year  Josiah  Emery  became  a  teacher  in  the  Academy.  The  names  of 
Edward  Price  and  James  JCllsworth,  carpenters,  and  Justus  Goodwin,  attorney  at  law, 
appear  on  the  assessment  list  for  1828,  and  that  of  Henry  H.  Wells,  attorney,  in  1829, 
in  which  year  Archibald  Mchols  came  from  Chenango  county,  New  York,  and  with 
his  son,  Levi  I.  Nichols,  who  had  preceded  him  the  year  before,  opened  a  general 
store  on  the  east  comer  of  Main  and  Grafton  streets. 

The  foregoing  is  a  comparatively  complete  list  of  the  names  of  the  settlers 
within  the  limits  of  Wellsboro  previous  to  its  incorporation  as  a  borough.  A  fuller 
mention  is  made  of  many  of  them,  as  well  as  of  others  not  heretofore  referred  to,  in 
"Josiah  Emery's  Eeminiscences,"  which  follow.  Of  those  early  settlers  a  number  af- 
terward became  distinguished  in  their  several  callings  and  were  active  in  directing 
the  affairs  of  the  State  and  Nation. 

JOSIAH  emery's  reminiscences. 

In  1879  a  series  of  articles,  entitled  "Early  Impressions  of  Wellsboro,"  appeared 
in  the  Agitator.  They  were  written  by  the  late  Josiah  Emery,  and  give  a  vivid 
picture  of  Wellsboro  as  it  appeared  to  him  in  1828,  when  he  came  here,  fresh  from 
college,  to  teach  in  the  Academy.  These  reminiscent  articles,  from  the  pen  of  one 
for  many  years  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  possess  a  high  historical  value  and  are  worthy 
of  permanent  preservation  in  these  pages.     Mr.  Emery  says: 

"It  was  a  dreary,  cloudy  day,  with  a  heavy  fog  hanging  over  the  marsh,  in  April 
—I  think  the  23d— when,  just  at  dark,  I  called  at  the  tavern  standing  where  the 
Coles  House  now  stands,  and  kept  by  Dr.  John  B.  Murphey,  the  father  of  Mrs.  L.  P. 


WELL8B0B0.  263 


Williston,  and  put  up  for  the  night.  Sad,  weary  and  financially  not  very  flush,  the 
impression  on  my  mind  of  the  small  village,  as  it  then  was,  was  not  the  most  favor- 
able; and  the  approach  to  it  up  Crooked  creek  had  prepared  my  mind  to  dislike  it. 
A  small  gathering  of  "Charleston  friends,"  as  they  were  then  called,  paying  their 
daily  visit  to  the  tavern,  tended  somewhat  to  disturb  the  gloom  of  silence  that  might 
otherwise  have  hung  over  the  place;  and  before  I  went  to  bed  that  night  I  was  pre- 
pared to  believe  that  Wellsboro  was  at  least  a  very  stirring  little  town. 

"An  early  walk  next  morning  revealed  a  very  pleasant  little  village,  a  snug 
little  nook  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  romantic  hills  covered  then  mostly  by  forests, 
but,  as  they  appeared  to  me,  full  of  beauty,  and  from  their  summits  presenting 
as  fine  landscape  views  as  I  have  ever  seen.  A  few  years  ago  Dr.  Saynisch,  of 
Blossburg,  who  was  a  native  of,  and  familiar  with,  Switzerland  and  her  romantic 
landscapes,  remarked  to  me  that  the  landscape  views  around  Wellsboro  were  ex- 
ceeded by  none  in  his  native  country.  He  particularly  admired  the  view  from 
Wetmore  hill,  where  just  before  sunset  the  scenery  is  most  beautiful,  and  the 
reflection  from  the  stream  that  runs  along  the  valley  into  Wellsboro  makes  it  appear 
like  a  silver  thread  winding  deviously  through  the  green  of  field  and  pasture. 

"At  that  time  we  had  on  the  site  of  the  present  court  house,  a  court  house  and 
jail  built  of  squared  logs;  and  log  houses  then  were  quite  an  institution.  Judge 
Morris  lived  in  a  log  house  on  the  side  hill  above  the  High  School  building,  and  a  two- 
story  block  or  hewed  log  house  occupied  the  spot  where  John  IST.  Bache  now  lives,  and 
it  was  occupied  by  the  father  of  the  Wellsboro  Baches.  There  for  a  long  time  were 
held  the  courts  after  the  judicial  organization  of  the  county,  and  there  was  kept 
the  postoffice  till  after  the  election  of  Polk,  in  1845,  when,  not  being  a  good  Demo- 
crat, Mr.  Bache  [he  was  postmaster  for  more  than  twenty-three  years]  was  super- 
seded by  a  carpet  bagger. 

"Where  the  Presbyterian  church  now  stands  was  a  log  house  occupied  by  Mrs. 
Lindsey  and  family,  and  a  log  church,  sixteen  by  twelve,  stood  back  of  where  Mr. 
Sherwood's  office  now  stands,  built  by  Mr.  Benjamin  W.  Morris,  the  father  of 
Judge  Morris,  for  Quaker  meetings.  A  part  of  Mr.  Converse's  house  was  in  existence 
before  my  time,  and  was  built  of  logs,  which  are  now  covered  with  siding.  There 
was  another  near  the  building  now  ocupied  by  M.  M.  Sears  as  a  restaurant.  This 
was  occupied  by  John  Beecher,  then,  or  near  then,  the  treasurer  of  the  county.  There 
was  also  a  log  house  near  the  site  of  E.  J.  Brown's,  called  the  Hoover  house,  built 
and  then  lived  in  by  Mr.  Hoover,  the  father-in-law  of  William  Eberenz,  and  the 
grandfather  of  Mrs.  E.  J.  Brown.  I  think  those  were  all  the  log  houses  within  the 
bounds  of  the  village. 

"Beginning  at  the  upper  end  of  Main  street,  there  was  the  house  of  Captain 
Greenleaf,  near  the  site  of  Mr.  Osgood's,  and  his  shop  near  where  Mrs.  Nichols'  house 
stands.  This  has  been  moved,  rafted  over,  and  is  the  house  between  Mrs.  Nichols' 
and  the  creek.  The  house  now  occupied  by  H.  W.  Dartt  was  built  by  Lorentes 
Jackson  on  the  Chester  Eobinson  lot,  and  afterwards  moved  to  where  it  now  stands. 
On  the  corner  where  Dr.  Shearer  now  lives  Ezekiel  Jones  had  a  house  and,  blacksmith 
shop,  and  on  the  corner  across  the  street  from  his  place  was  a  small  house  in  which 
lived  Colonel  Field,  the  father  of  Prescott  Field.  On  the  opposite  side  of  Main 
street  lived  Ebenezer  Jackson  on  the  corner;  further  up   'Uncle  Eben,'   and  near 


264  HISTOEY    0¥    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

where  William  Harrison  lives  was  the  house  of  "hias.'  The  two  last  were  colored 
families,  and  'Uncle  Eben'  and  his  wife,  'Aunt  Hetty/  were  especially  respected 
by  everybody.  [They  were  slaves  of  William  Hill  Wells  and  were  given  their  free- 
dom when  he  left  the  county].  Everybody  in  Wellsboro  knows  their  daughter, 
Betty  Murry,  who  is  no  older  now  than  when  I  came  to  Wellsboro,  more  than  fifty- 
one  years  ago.  Wear  Dr.  Packer's  office  was  another  house.  I  don't  remember 
its  occupants  then.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  where  Judge  Williams  lives, 
was  a  small  story-and-a-half  house  occupied  by  Colonel  Hill,  the  father  of  Garwood 
HiU. 

"Fear  the  site  of  the  old  bank  was  a  high-roofed  house  in  which  Alpheus  Cheney, 
the  first  sheriff  of  Tioga  county,  for  some  time  kept  a  tavern.  What  became  of  him 
I  do  not  now  remember.  The  nest  frame  house  on  the  northwest  side  of  Main 
street  was  the  Kimball  tavern,  a  house  of  very  respectable  dimensions  for  the 
place  and  times.  Below  that  was  a  two-story  house  near  Harden's,  now  standing 
back  on  Water  street.  Opposite  this  house,  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  street,  was 
the  'Yellow  Tavern,'  kept,  I  believe,  at  that  time,  by  Eoswell  Alford.  This  was 
the  property  bid  off  at  sheriff's  sale  by  Judge  Lewis  for  a  mere  nominal  price,  and 
the  decision  in  an  ejectment  for  which  first  settled  the  law  that  a  sale  on  a  judgment 
which  was  a  lien  on  the  property  discharged  all  mortgages  whatever  on  the  same 
property.  It  was  a  surprise  to  all  the  lawyers  of  the  State,  and  was  the  cause  of  the 
present  mortgage  law  being  enacted. 

"There  was  a  small  shoemaker  shop  on  the  next  corner,  owned  by  a  man  whose 
remains  lie  buried  ta  Eoss  Park,  Williamsport.  [Now  occupied  by  the  City  Hall], 
Going  on  down  to  near  where  Will  Herrington's  store  is,  was  a  small  two-story 
house  with  stairs  to  go  'up  chamber'  on  the  outside  slanting  down  on  the  sidewalk. 
This  was  occupied  by  Francis  Hill,  whose  wife  was  a  sister  of  Mary  and  Sally  Lindsey, 
and  a  very  clever  fellow  he  was,  too.  The  next  building  on  that  side  was  on  the 
comer  where  C.  C.  Mathers'  store  stands,  and  was  a  long,  rough-looking  building,  in 
which  a  man  named  James  Borst  had  a  kind  of  store.  Opposite,  on  the  northwest 
side  of  the  street,  was  the  Bliss  house,  painted  red.  Opposite  that,  where  the  Cone 
House  [now  Coles]  stands,  was  the  Murphey  tavern.  And  opposite  that  was  a  two- 
story  house  built  by  Dr.  Brown,  a  most  excellent  physician.  This  was  also  sold  out 
at  sheriff's  sale,  and  bid  off  by  Judge  Lewis.  Dr.  Brown  was  the  father  of  -Mrs. 
Colonel  Huling,  of  Williamsport.  The  next  on  the  street  was  B.  B.  Smith's,  on 
the  northwest  side,  which  I  see  is  torn  down,  and  around  the  old  cellar  are  piles 
of  stone  which  would  indicate  that  somebody  is  going  to  build.  Then  came  the 
Taylor  house  and  tannery  in  the  forks  of  the  road,  but  now  demolished,  and  next 
the  Fellows  house. 

"Up  what  is  now  called  Central  avenue  was  the  house  now  owned  by  Mr.  Eey- 
nolds.  A  house,  burned  down,  where  Jerome  B.  Mies'  house  now  stands,  and  there 
was  a  house  above  it  long  occupied  by  Mr.  Donaldson,  but  now,  I  see,  demolished. 
This  house  was  occupied  by  Dr.  Bundy,  and  in  the  cellar  was  a  dissecting  room 
where  two  or  three  persons  learned  a  good  deal  of  anthropological  science.  As  the 
house  is  torn  down  now,  the  secret  may  be  told,  for  no  one  will  be  sleeping  there  to 
.see  ideal  ghosts,  as  they  certainly  would  have  seen  them  if  they  had  known  that 
cellar  had  been  used  for  such  a  purpose.    There  was  also  a  house  further  up  the 


WELLSBORO.  265 


avenue,  which  was  moved  across  the  road  and  turned  into  a  barn,  and  its  place  oc- 
cupied by  a  house  since  built  by  William  Eoberts! 

"Over  the  creek,  near  Mass  BuUard's,  was  a  stone  distillery  in  which  William 
Bache  made  pure  whiskey,  which  did  not  kill  on  sight  like  the  present  article.  In  my 
travels  over  the  village  I  have  left  out  mention  of  a  small  two-story  house  on  the 
corner  of  M.  M.  Converse's  lot,  in  which  then  lived  Ellis  Lewis.  The  house  now 
stands  up  in  the  German  settlement.  There  was  also  passed  over  the  public  of&ce 
near  the  old  bank,  supplanted  by  the  brick  office.  This  building  was  sold  at  auction 
forty-three  years  ago — bid  off  for  $100,  moved  across  the  Green,  lived  in  by  the 
writer  [Josiah  Einery]  till  October,  1871,  and  is  now  owned  by  the  Bingham  estate. 
I  have  also  omitted  Fish's  tannery,  near  where  the  foundry  now  stands. 

"The  Academy  at  that  time  was  unfinished  in  the  upper  story,  the  two  lower 
rooms  only  being  used  for  the  school.  I  may  have  passed  over  some  of  the  houses 
then  standing,  but  have  mentioned  all  I  can  call  to  mind.  The  reader  will  con- 
clude that  we  were  a  small  settlement;  and  Jamilies  that  ranked  as  high  in  culture 
and  refinement  as  any  in  the  present  day  did  not  disdain  to  hve  in  log  houses.  They 
suited  themselves  to  their  circumstances  without  murmuring. 

"When  I  came  there  Mr.  WUliam  Bache  was  postmaster,  and  the  office  was  kept 
in  his  dwelling,  the  tall  log  house  situated  where  John  N.  Bache's  house  now  stands. 
Mr.  Bache  was  an  Englishman,  brother-in-law  of  Lant  Carpenter,  whose  wife  was 
Mr.  Bache's  sister.  Carpenter  was  a  celebrated  Unitarian  preacher,  a  friend  and 
companion  of  Dr.  Priestley,  and  father  of  the  celebrated  Carpenter  family  in  Eng- 
land, Miss  Mary  Carpenter,  the  philanthropist,  and  William  B.  Carpenter,  one  of 
England's  most  distinguished  scientists,  as  well  as  his  brothers,  Philip  and  Eussell 
Carpenter,  both  scientific  men. 

"Mr.  Bache  was  a  man  of  strong  common  sense,  well  read,  and  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  ability.  He  always  preserved  the  character  of  a  Christian,  and  though 
manufacturing  whiskey  for  others,  he  drank  but  little  himself,  and  was  never  but 
once  known  (at  least  to  the  writer)  to  be  in  the  least  intoxicated.  On  the  4th  of 
July,  1828,  we,  the  patriotic  citizens  of  Wellsboro  and  the  surrounding  country, 
celebrated.  In  the  cool  shade  of  the  wide  spreading  elms  on  the  flat,  above  Dickin- 
son's pond,  seats  were  improvised,  a  stage  erected,  a  president,  several  vice-presi- 
dents and  secretaries  were  chosen,  and  a  great  multitude  gathered  to  listen  to  the 
orator  and  pass  judgment  on  the  speaking  qualities  of  the  new  teacher  of  the 
Academy.  Then,  when  the  speaking  was  done  and  duly  applauded,  a  procession  was 
formed,  and  we  all  marched  up  to  Colonel  Kimball's  to  a  gay  dinner  and  to  whiskey, 
rum,  gin  and  brandy  for  the  men  and  the  Colonel's  best  wine  for  the  women.  And 
thus  we  dined  and  drank  and  listened  to  music  till  the  sun  began  to  sink  low  in  the 
west  and  some  heads  lower.    Mr.  Bache  was  one  of  the  most  jolly  of  the  crowd. 

"A  sober  company  sat  at  Mr.  Bache's  breakfast  table  next  morning,  of  whom 
I  was  one,  being  a  boarder.  After  the  preUminary  grace  had  been  said  Mr.  Bache 
very  solemnly  remarked  that  he  believed  he  was  slightly  'out  of  the  wa^  at  the 
celebration,  and  he  hoped  the  family  and  especially  the  young  boarder,  who  also 
needed  forgiveness,  would  forgive  the  little  mishap;  and  he  was  sure  the  Lord 
would,  as  He  knew  very  well  it  was  the  Fourth  of  July  ! 

"Mr.  Bache  had  a  scientific  and  inquiring  turn  of  mind,  was  a  great  lover  of 


266  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

nature,  and  liad  a  quick  and  appreciative  sense  of  the  ludicrous.  The  lapse  of  more 
than  half  a  century  has  not  blotted  out  the  memory  of  the  pleasant  six  months  I 
spent  in  that  family,  and  especially  the  remembrance  of  the  many  good  qualities  of 
its  female  head.  As  one  who  knew  Mr.  Bache  well,  1  can  bear  testimony  to  his  in- 
tegrity and  purity  of  mind. 

"Samuel  W.  Morris  and  family  were  considered  at  that  time,  or  considered  them- 
selves, or  were,  at  the  head  of  the  aristocracy — though  it  would  seem  that  in  a  village 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants,  many  of  whom  lived  in  log  houses  and  all 
comparatively  in  the  woods,  such  an  article  as  aristocracy  was  an  entirely  unneces- 
sary ingredient  of  society.  I  hardly  know  how  to  describe  the  "aristocracy  of  so 
small  a  village,  or  tell  upon  what  it  was  founded,  unless  upon  culture  and  avoid- 
ance of  amusements  such  as  are  found  in  such  places.  Judge  Morris,  Mr.  Norris  and 
Mr.  Bache  were  educated  men.  The  first  was  educated  at  Princeton,  the  last  two  in 
England.  I  do  not  know  that  any  of  these  families  made  any  assumption  of  aris- 
tocracy. The  people  assumed  it  for  them.  There  was,  however,  a  kind  of  quiet 
distinction  between  the  Yankee  element  which  largely  predominated,  and  the  down 
country  element  with  a  large  English  ingredient  in  it. 

"The  Yankees  claimed  to  be  the  practical  element,  and  preserved  among 
themselves  a  kind  of  brotherhood,  a  'hail-fellow-well-met'  spirit,  shook  hands 
heartily,  and  each  one  considered  himself  equal  to  and  no  worse  than  his  neighbor. 
Those  who  had  got  into  their  heads  that  those  down  country  people  were  aristocratic 
accused  them  of  being  a  little  too  exclusive,  of  reaching  out  two  fingers  for  a  Yankee 
to  shake,  and  of  thinking  each  himself  as  good  and  a  little  better  than  his  neighbor, 
especially  if  the  neighbor  happened  to  be  a  Yankee.  There  was  no  general  outward 
expression  of  such  a  feeling,  but  an  observant  person  could  see  it  occasionally. 

"The  Morris  family  were  of  EngHsh  descent,  were  originally  Quakers,  and  the 
father  of  Judge  Morris,  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  held  the  position  of  leader  among 
the  Quakers,  and  sometimes  preached  when  the  spirit  moved  him. 

"I  have  spoken  thus  fax  of  these  two  families  in  a  general  way.  They  were 
totally  different  in  most  things.  In  one  point,  however,  they  resembled  each  other; 
that  was  in  the  education  and  bringing  up  of  their  families  of  children.  They  both 
acted  on  the  precept  of  which  Solomon  has  the  credit:  'Train  up  a  child  in  the  way 
he  should  go,  and  when  he  is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it.'  In  each  family  the 
general  rule  was  'spend  your  evenings  at  home.'  The  children  were  not  taught, 
as  many  children  are  nowadays,  that  amusement  and  fun  are  the  chief  objects  of 
life.  They  learned,  too,  by  precept  and  example,  that  profanity  was  vulgar,  and  that 
vulgarity  was  the  mark  of  a  low  character.  Most  of  the  children  of  these  two  fami- 
lies were  my  pupils  while  I  was  in  charge  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy.  William  E. 
Morris  became  an  able  civil  engineer,  and  B.  W.  Morris  the  present  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Bishop  of  Oregon  and  Washington.  The  children  of  the  other  family  have 
done  no  dishonor  to  the  system  adopted  by  their  parents. 

"Another  family  I  remember  most  distinctly  was  that  of  Benjamin  B.  Smith. 
He  was  one  of  the  notables  when  I  came  into  the  county;  was,  I  think,  the  only 
justice  within  the  bounds  of  the  village,  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Phoenix,  a 
man  of  infinite  mirth  and  fun,  and  full  of  reminiscences  of  funny  happenings  when 
he  and  Amos  Coolidge,  enterprising  Yankees,  as  they  were,  peddled  dry  goods  and 


WELLSBOEO.  267 


notions  in  their  younger  days.  Mr.  Smith  was  like  a  great  many  other  men  I  could 
name.  He  had  in  his  character  a  popular  and  an  unpopular  element.  No  one 
claimed  that  he  was  unjust  in  his  dealings  or  unfair  in  his  decisions;  and  yet  his 
ways  were  not  such  as  to  endear  him  to  the  masses.  He  was  a  man  of  rather  more 
than  ordinary  talent,  active  and  persevering;  was  a  Wellsboro  man  in  contradistinc- 
tion from  a  Willardsburg  man,  and  consequently  had  enemies  in  such  men  as  Uriah 
Spencer  and  WilUam  Willard,  who  were  active  advocates  of  the  removal  of  the 
county  seat  to  Willardsburg,  now  Tioga  borough,  and  in  those  days,  as  now,  it  was 
not  always  safe  to  rely  implicitly  on  what  one  enemy  said  of  another. 

"Mr.  Smith  came  into  the  village  near  or  before  1820.  He  was  the  first 
teacher  in  the  "Wellsboro  Academy.  His  school  was  not  classical.  Mr.  Lowrey,  a 
graduate  of  Yale,  was  the  first  classical  teacher  regularly  employed  by  the  trustees. 
There  must  have  been  a  good  deal  of  fun  in  school  keeping  at  that  early  time, 
for  Mr.  Smith  had  an  inexhaustible  fund  of  very  amusing  school-keeping  anecdotes. 
His  system  of  managing  his  children  was  the  very  reverse  of  the  system  of  the  other 
two  families  mentioned  above.  His  motto  was,  'let  'em  run;  they  will  come  out  all 
right  in  the  end.'  Well,  most  of  his  did  'run,'  and  most  of  them  came  out  right  in 
the  end;  but  the  one  that  didn't  run  came  out  ahead.  The  exception  of  Mr.  Smith's 
family  does  not  lessen  the  value  of  the  precept,  'guard  well  the  ways  of  your 
children.' 

"In  calling  up  to  memory  the  old  personages  that  lived  in  Wellsboro,  in  1838, 
one  could  hardly  fail  to  remember  'Old  Mr.  Eoyal  Cole'  and  his  worthy  companion, 
'Old  Mrs.  Cole,'  and  that  would  bring  to  mind  the  old  frame  building,  the  Cole  house, 
situated  just  below  Walter  Sherwood's.  It  was,  however,  torn  down  many  years  ago 
to  make  room  for  a  better  building.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  were  the  parents  of  Mrs. 
Erastus  Fellows,  who  seemed  to  have  inherited  her  mother's  longevity  as  well  as  her 
quiet  and  amiable  propensities.  Lewis  Cole,  a  lawyer  of  Potter  county,  was  also 
their  son,  and  the  Wetmore  boys  their  grandchildren. 

"Ebenezer  Jackson  was  an  old  man  when  I  came  to  Wellsboro,  and  lived  in  a 
small  frame  house  diagonally  across  from  Dr.  Shearer's.  He  had  a  peculiar  and 
emphatic  way  of  saying  'Which?'  when  he  did  not  understand  what  was  said  to  him, 
while  he  was  crier  of  the  court,  which  office  he  held  for  many  years.  He  was  a  great 
ore  hunter,  and  was  always  talking  of  the  wonderful  resources  hidden  in  the  hills  of 
Tioga  county,  and  was  firm  in  the  belief  that  it  would  sometime  be  one  of  the  richest 
counties  in  the  State.  He  believed  largely  in  coal;  and  though  not  given  the  credit 
of  the  original  discovery  of  coal  at  Blossburg,  he  claimed  to  be  the  first  suggester  of 
its  presence  in  the  county.  He  always  contended  that  there  were  large  bodies  of 
that  mineral  in  that  part  of  Delmar  now  called  Duncan  and  Antrim.  *  *  * 
Ebenezer  Jackson  was  the  grandfather  of  Mary  Emily  Jackson,  who  was  a  pupil  of 
mine  in  1828-39,  and  who  early  displayed  a  good  deal  of  practical  genius.  Many  of 
her  poems  were  published  in  a  Philadelphia  literary  paper,  and  one  published  by 
George  P.  Morris  in  his  magazine  he  pronounced  equal  to  any  written  by  Mrs. 
Hemans,  who  was  then  the  female  poet  of  the  day. 

"Israel  Greenleaf  was  also  another  well  known  citizen  of  Wellsboro.  He  lived 
in  a  frame  house  on  th'e  same  side  of  the  street  below  what  was  known  as  the  Hoover 
log  house.    He  was  a  wagonmaker,  and  had  a  large  manufactory  near  where  Mrs. 


268  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Nichols  lived.  This  was  afterwards  removed  from  its  former  site  and  transformed 
into  a  double  dwelling  house.  He  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  where  he  was  born 
in  1765.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  at  an  early  day  and  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land 
in  Charleston  township,  under  a  Connecticut  title.  It  extended  from  the  east  line 
of  Delmar  and  embraced  the  whole  or  part  of  the  Alden  Thompson  neighborhood.  But 
when  the  Connecticut  titles  were  declared  invalid  the  captain  woke  up  one  morning 
to  find  himself  a  poor  man  instead  of  a  large  land  holder.  He  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  Captain  Greenleaf  died  June  1,  1847,  aged  eighty-two  years,  and  was 
buried  in  the  old  graveyard  on  the  hill,  where  his  tombstone  may  yet  be  seen  sur- 
rounded by  trees  and  brambles.  His  wife,  Sarah,  preceded  him  to  the  grave,  dying 
March  8,  1840,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

"Amos  Coolidge,  reference  to  whom  has  been  made,  built  the  house  that  for- 
merly stood  on  the  site  of  the  Bennett  house,  and  owned  and  cleared  up  what  has 
since  been  called  the  Nichols  hill  and  farm.  He  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  Academy  in  1838,  and  was  the  active  member  of  the  building  committee  who 
finished  up  the  upper  story  of  the  building.  He  was  the  father  of  a  large  family, 
viz:  Charles,  Amos,  Jr.,  Kilburn,  William,  Wesley,  George,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Bodine  and 
Mrs.  Metzgar,  of  Potter  county.  Mr.  Coolidge  was  in  his  younger  days  and  in  his 
middle  age,  an  active,  enterprising,  hard-working  man,  and  did  much  to  advance  th,e 
material  interests  of  the  town.  In  the  bringing  up  of  his  family  he  was  ably  seconded 
by  his  wife,  who  was  a  most  invaluable  woman,  and  to  whom  the  family  owe  a  debt 
of  gratitude,  the  magnitude  of  which  they  will  never  fully  understand,  and  can  never 
fully  repay  except  by  training  their  children  as  she  trained  hers.  One  must  have 
lived  in  the  times  now  passed  away  to  comprehend  the  full  worth  of  a  discreetly 
pious  and  truly  good  woman.  Mr.  Coolidge  died  May  16,  1851,  aged  sixty-nine 
years,  seven  months  and  twelve  days,  and  was  buried  in  the  old  graveyard  on  Academy 
Hill,  where,  in  a  thicket  of  brambles,  his  marble  headstone  still  stands.  It  is  re- 
gretted that  the  record  of  his  amiable  and  Christian  wife  is  not  at  hand. 

"I  have  mentioned  a  number  of  the  matrons  of  Wellsboro  who  aided  materially 
in  moulding  the  sentiment  of  the  young  and  in  making  society  better;  there  are 
others  of  equal  piety  and  domestic  virtue  entitled  to  mention  in  this  connection.  The 
first  woman  on  my  list  was  my  first  female  acquaintance  in  Pennsylvania.  She  was 
my  landlady.  The  first  six  months  of  my  residence  in  Wellsboro  I  was  a  boarder  at 
Mr.  Bache's,  and  I  had  an  opportunity  to  know  intimately  the  internal  machinery 
and  management  of  the  family.  In  the  method  of  training  up  a  family  of  children 
the  father  and  mother  were  a  unit.  She  was  a  quiet,  motherly  and  good  woman, 
never  to  my  knowledge  fretting  or  scolding,  and  everything  moved  on  like  clockwork.' 
Her  religion  was  of  the  quiet  kind,  never  strongly  emotional  or  demonstrative,  but 
"manifest  in  good  works  and  in  a  well  ordered  walk  and  conversation.  She  has  long 
since  passed  away  to  the  better  land.  Her  children  are  fathers  and  mothers,  grand- 
fathers and  grandmothers,  of  whom  those  who  know  them  must  judge. 

"Mrs.  Bliss,  who  was  a  sister  of  Eoswell  Bailey,  was  not,  when  I  first  knew  her, 
a  religious  woman — at  least  not  a  member  of  any  church — ^though  she  afterwards 
became  a  Methodist.  In  bringing  up  her  family  she  labored  under  many  untoward 
circumstances.  Her  husband  was  an  easy,  unenergetic  man,  but  well  meaning  and 
honest,  and  was  anxious  that  his  children  should  come  up  right.     On  Mrs.  Bliss, 


WELLSBOEO.  269 


however,  devolved  the  main  burden  of  their  home  education.  They  were  brought 
up  right  under  very  pleasant  home  influences  and  were  a  united  family.  The  eldest 
daughter  became  the  wife  of  Eanldn  Lewis  and  she  possessed  the  same  kindness  of 
heart  that  characterized  her  excellent  mother. 

''Mrs.  Samuel  Wells  Morris  was  the  daughter  of  William  Ellis,  a  Quaker,  who 
lived  and  died  near  Muncy.  She  was  the  mother  of  a  large  family  of  boys  and  girls, 
and  was  originally,  with  the  rest  of  the  family,  of  the  Quaker  faith,  but  when  the 
Episcopal  church  was  established  in  Wellsboro  the  family  became  active  supporters 
of  that  church.  Mrs.  Morris  was  more  than  an  ordinary  woman;  was  well  edacated, 
and  was  in  all  her  ways  and  by  her  natural  or  inherited  instincts  a  lady.  She  was 
called  somewhat  aristocratic  in  her  general  carriage  and  associations;  but  that  arose 
more  from  the  consciousness  that  her  duties  were  at  home,  and  that  she  ought  not 
to  permit  her  social  instincts  to  interfere  with  the  higher  duties  she  owed  to  her 
family.  And  yet  she  was  a  woman  who  could  command  respect  in  any  society 
she  might  grace  by  her  presence,  and  was,  when  in  the  society  for  which  she  was 
fitted,  a  very  social  and  pleasant  woman.  In  one  position  she  eminently  excelled, 
and  that  position  was  that  of  a  domestic  educator  of  children. 

"While  Judge  Morris  was  a  valuable  member  of  society,  and  did  much  for  Wells- 
boro, to  his  wife  he  owed  much  of  his  leisure  for  outside  operations,  in  the  relief  she 
afEorded  him  from  the  drudgery  of  looking  after  domestic  afEairs.  She  was  said  to 
be  a  very  benevolent  woman,  ready  at  all  times  to  relieve  distress.  I  do  not  place  her 
above  most  others  I  have  named;  but  she  had  the  means,  and  with  the  disposition  to 
act,  she  probably  did  more  in  the  line  of  charitable  work  than  many  whose  disposition 
to  relieve  distress  was  equal  to  hers. 

"Of  Mrs.  Erastus  Fellows  I  must  confess  I  knew  comparatively  little;  and  yet 
I  cannot  give  any  reason  for  this  lack  of  knowledge.  We  lived  upwards  of  forty-three 
years  in  the  same  village,  and  I  met  her  in  her  home  often,  and  yet  I  never  fully  com- 
prehended her.  She  was  the  widow  of  Moses  Johnson  when  she  married  Mr.  Fellows, 
and  was  then  the  mother  of  a  son  and  a  daughter.  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Fellows 
previous  to  1838,  and  had  always  lived  in  Wellsboro,  most  of  the  time  as  landlady  of 
the  Fellows  tavern,  which  was  always  a  temperance  house.  I  knew  her  principally  as 
the  mother  of  two  famihes  of  children.  In  her  method  of  bringing  them  up  she 
compared  favorably  with  any  in  my  list.  She  was  a  woman  of  good  sound  sense,  with 
a  mind  predisposed  to  inquiry,  and  a  good  member  of  society.  Her  children  were  no 
disparagement  to  her  character  as  a  mother  and  as  a  domestic  educator. 

"Mrs.  Mordecai  M.  Jackson  was  a  Quaker  and  had  all  the  characteristics  of  a 
Quaker  lady.  She  was  the  only  person  in  Wellsboro  that  I  recollect  was  clothed  in 
the  Quaker  garb.  With  her  it  was  not  a  boastful  display  of  her  Quakerism,  but  a 
mere  conformation  to  Quaker  custom.  To  her  it  was  as  much  a  habit  to  wear  drab 
as  it  was  to  be  good — to  be  clothed  in  Quaker  dress  as  to  be  clothed  in  righteousness. 
She  was  a  very  exemplary  woman.  She  was  not,  however,  of  that  impracticable  class 
who,  when  she  saw  that  circumstances  made  a  change  in  church  relations  an  advan- 
tage to  her  children,  would  refuse  to  yield  to  the  pressure  for  change.  I  cannot  say 
that  she  became  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church,  but  think  she  did.  Her  family 
and  herself  at  all  events  were  attendants  and  active  supporters  of  that  church.  I  have 


270  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

no  doubt,  however,  that  had  the  Quaker  element  not  died  out  in  Wellsboro,  she  would 
have  been  a  Quaker  until  the  day  of  her  death. 

"She  was  very  much  devoted  to  her  children,  and  believed  that  the  office  of 
mother  was  the  highest  one  a  woman  could  hold,  and  that  it  was  her  duty  to  educate 
her  children,  in  addition  to  their  secular  education,  in  the  principles  of  strict  Chris- 
tian moraUty.  In  this  she  was  seconded  by  her  very  excellent  husband.  They  had 
two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

"Mrs.  John  Beeeher,  who  lived  to  be  nearly  ninety-five  years  old,  was  in  many 
respects  a  remarkable  woman.  She  was  a  resident  of  Wellsboro  when  I  came  there 
in  1838,  but  removed  to  Williamsport  in  1838.  She  was  not  a  religious  woman  while 
she  lived  in  Tioga  county,  but  some  years  after  settling  in  Williamsport  she  joined 
the  Methodist  church.  She  was  a  representative  woman,  as  a  woman  accounted  in  a 
new  county.  On  Beecher's  island  [in  the  Cowanesque],  when  a  farmer's  wife,  in 
Wellsboro,  when  the  wife  of  a  tavern  keeper,  when  the  wife  of  a  merchant  or  an  office- 
holder, a  railroad  contractor  or  a  member  of  the  legislature — ^f  or  Mr.  Beeeher  was  very 
versatile  in  his  pursuits — she  was  eminently  'a  helpmeet'  for  her  husband.  Always 
active,  managing,  energetic  and  economical,  she  was  ever  ready  to  second  him 
without  question,  in  whatever  line  of  business  he  engaged.  Matters  went  on  all  right 
whether  he  was  at  home  or  abroad.  As  a  landlady  she  was  a  bountiful  caterer  for 
her  guests,  and  as  a  manager  of  the  internal  affairs  of  the  house  few  excelled  her. 
In  her  younger  days  she  was  fond  of  amusement,  in  middle  age  her  taste  that  way 
had  not  decreased,  and  in  her  very  old  age  her  eyes  brightened  up  whenever  she 
talked  of  'the  good  old  times.'  She  was  the  mother  of  three  sons  and  two 
daughters." 

POSTOFFICE   AND   POSTMASTERS. 

The  Wellsboro  postoffice  was  established  January  1,  1808,  and  Samuel  Wells 
Morris  was  the  first  postmaster.  The  mail  at  that  time  was  carried  weekly,  on  horse- 
back, over  the  State  road  from  Williamsport.  A  pair  of  saddlebags  were  sufficient  to 
contain  all  the  matter,  with  room  to  spare.  Newspapers  were  few  in  those  days,  the 
Lycoming  Gazette  being  the  only  paper  printed  within  a  radius  of  a  hundred  miles; 
and  as  postage  was  high,  few  letters  were  written.  No  envelopes  were  in  use  then; 
letters  were  written  on  foolscap  and  made  as  long  as  possible,  covering  all  the  avail- 
able space,  leaving  only  room  enough  for  the  address,  when  the  sheet  was  folded  and 
sealed  with  red  wax  or  a  wafer.  A  stamp  or  signet  of  some  kind  was  used  to  press 
the  paper  into  the  wax  or  wafer,  which  left  an  impression  and  gave  the  enclosure  an 
official  appearance.  The  amount  of  postage  was  written,  usually,  on  the  upper 
right  hand  corner  of  the  letter,  and  the  price  was  governed  by  the  distance  carried. 
And  it  was  collected  at  the  end  of  the  route  from  the  party  to  whom  it  was  ad- 
dressed. The  name  of  the  first  mail  carrier  has  not  come  down  to  us,  but  in  those 
days  the  duty  was  generally  performed  by  a  bright,  active,  venturesome  boy.  The 
route  from  Williamsport  laid  through  a  gloomy  wilderness  nearly  all  the  way.  The 
log  cabins  of  settlers  were  few.  Panthers  and  wolves  roamed  the  forest  and  their 
howls  frequently  caused  the  mail  boy  to  spur  up  his  horse  and  dash  swiftly  through 
the  gloom. 

One  of  the  early  mail  carriers  was  John  ShefEer,  Jr.,  bom  in  Williamsport, 
February  8, 1803.    When  thirteen  years  of  age  he  carried  the  mail  from  Williamsport 


WBLLSBOEO.  271 


to  Painted  Post  on  horseback,  a  distance  of  seventy-nine  miles,  by  the  way  of  the 
State  and  Williamson  roads.  The  former  started  at  ISTewberry  and  passed  through 
Wellsboro.  It  required  nerve  in  those  days  to  make  this  journey,  and  when  the 
youth  of  the  rider  is  considered  it  is  still  more  remarkable. 

The  parents  of  this  plucky  mail  boy  were  early  settlers  at  Liberty,  or  the  Block 
House,  as  it  was  then  known,  locating  there  in  February,  1814.  It  is  probable 
that  he  either  went  by  this  route  on  going  out,  or  on  returning,  as  he  could  make 
a  complete  circuit  by  doing  so.  The  Williamson  road  passed  through  Block 
House,  Blossburg,  Covington  and  Tioga.  The  first  post  office  in  the  county  was 
established  at  the  last  mentioned  place  January  1,  1805.  At  Wellsboro  he  could 
leave  the  State  road  and  proceed  to  Covington  by  the  East  and  West  pike,  as  it  was 
calledj  or  vice  versa.  It  is  highly  probable,  therefore,  that  he  made  the  round  trip  in 
this  way.  It  is  fortunate  that  something  of  the  history  of  this  early  mail  boy  has 
been  preserved.     A  sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  another  chapter. 

Postmaster  Morris  did  not  require  much  of  an  outfit  to  transact  the  business 
of  his  office.  A  small  desk  was  sufficient,  and  often  he  could  carry  all  the  matter 
he  received  by  a  single  mail  in  his  hat.  During  the  year  1808  the  statistical  re- 
ports show  that  the  gross  receipts  were  $27.06,  and  his  compensation  was  $8.33. 
But  he  served  the  government  faithfully  for  four  years,  retiring  December  31,  1813. 
Since  that  time  the  succession  has  been  as  follows:  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris, 
appointed  January  1,  1813;  William  Bache,  April  10,  1833;  James  P.  Magill,  July 
34, 1845;  Josiah  Emery,  September  6,  1845;  George  Dwight  Smith,  May  18,  1849; 
Alexander  S.  Brewster,  April  36,  1853;  Ira  D.  Eichards,  December  18,  1855;  Alex- 
ander S.  Brewster,  July  20,  1860;  Hugh  Young,  March  8,  1861;  Morgan  Hart, 
August  39,  1866;  Joseph  L.  Williams,  January  18,  1869;  George  W.  Merrick, 
January  37,  1869;  Susan  E.  Hart,  June  14,  1882;  Louis  Doumaux,  August  10, 
1886;  James  L.  White,  February  1,  1891;  Frederick  K.  Wright,  February  1,  1895, 
present  incumbent. 

'Squire  Brewster  is  the  only  postmaster  thus  fax  to  hold  the  office  twice;  and 
Mr.  Bache  held  it  for  the  longest  period — twenty-three  years,  three  months  and 
fourteen  days.  The  term  of  Joseph  L.  Williams  was  the  shortest — nine  days. 
That  was  during  the  exciting  period  when  President  Johnson  was  in  conflict  with 
Congress,  and  postmasters  were  appointed  by  his  excellency  and  quickly  refused 
confirmation  by  the  Senate. 

Eighty-eight  years  have  passed  since  the  first  office  was  opened.  And  during 
that  time  the  most  wonderful  advances  have  been  made  both  in  postal  facilities  and 
the  amount  of  mail  matter  received  and  forwarded.  In  the  beginning  a  weekly 
mail  sufficed;  now  it  comes  several  times  a  day.  The  following  tabular  statement, 
showing  the  gross  receipts,  and  the  compensation  of  the  postmaster,  by  decades 
since  1810,  will  afford  food  for  reflection: 

Year.                                            Gross  Beceipts.  Compensation. 

1808, $    27.06, $    8.23 


1810, 
1820, 
1830, 
1840, 


31.62, 10.11 

81.52, 26.76 

188.55, ....  60.52 

525.75, 190.86 


272  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Year.  Gross  Receipts.  '  Compensation. 

1850, 848.42, 354.59 

1860, 1,017.59, 506.67 

1870 2,014.14, 945.00 

1880 3,938.11, 1,450.00 

1890, 5,368.08, 1,700.00 

At  the  close  of  the  tenth  decade  the  receipts  will  probably  exceed  $7,000,  and 
the  salary  of  the  postmaster  will  be  nearly  $1,900.  In  1805  there  was  but  one  post 
office  in  the  county,  and  in  1808  there  were  two.  Now  there  are  eighty-eight.  What 
an  increase  in  ninety  years ! 

OLD  TIME  TAVERNS  AND  LANDLORDS. 

It  is  probable  tliat  X.  Miller,  an  old  soldier  who  served  under  Napoleon  at  Mos- 
cow, was  the  first  tavern  keeper  in  and  about  Wellsboro.  At  first  his  house  stood 
outside  of  the  original  limits  of  the  town,  but  the  extension  a  few  years  ago  took  it 
in.  When  he  commenced,  or  how  long  he  was  engaged  in  the  business,  is  not  now 
remembered.  The  second  tavern  keeper  is  supposed  to  have  been  Israel  Green- 
leaf,  the  old  Eevolutionary  soldier.  But  the  location  of  his  tavern  cannot,  with 
certainty,  be  pointed  out  at  this  day.  It  very  likely  stood  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
public  buildings. 

Alpheus  Cheney,  the  first  sheriff  and  third  county  treasurer,  doubtless  came 
next  with  a  better  house.  It  stood  on  the  site  of  the  old  Robinson  store  and  bank. 
At  the  August  term  of  court,  1813,  Greenleaf  and  Cheney  were  both  granted 
licenses,  for  which  they  paid  a  fee  of  $1.15  each.  Cheney  sold  out  aiter  the  expi- 
ration of  his  term  as  sheriff,  in  1815,  and  soon  removed  from  the  county.  Israel 
Greenleaf  died  June  1,  1847,  aged  eighty-two  years,  consequently  he  must  have 
been  about  fifty  years  of  age  when  he  opened  his  tavern. 

Eecords  in  the  prothonotary's  office  show  that  Alanson  Thompson  was  granted- 
a  license  for  Wellsboro  at  May  term,  1816,  and  that  he  was  granted  a  license  annually 
up  to  1823.  Joseph  Fish  was  granted  license  at  September  term,  1816,  and  again 
in  1818,  when  his  name  disappears. 

John  Beecher  received  license  September  15,  1817,  and  it  was  renewed  each 
year  up  to  1821.  His  house  was  known  as  the  "Cheney  Tavern."  Beecher  was 
born  in  Massachusetts  in  1784,  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  and  settled 
at  Beecher's  Island,  now  Nelson  borough,  where  he  lived  until  he  came  to  Wells- 
boro. He  became  a  prominent  man  in  the  community;  was  county  treasurer  in 
1820,  sheriff  in  1824,  and  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1829-30.  His  vote  in 
that  body  was  the  only  one  cast  against  the  resolution  expressing  confidence  in  the 
United  States  Bank.  Mr.  Beecher  afterwards  kept  a  tavern  in  what  was  known  as 
the  McClintock  property,  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Cone  House. 

James  Kimball,  who  became  famous  as  a  landlord  of  the  olden  time,  was  first 
granted  a  license  at  May  term,  1819,  and  was  continuously  in  the  business  until 
1856,  or  perhaps  later.  He  commenced  business  in  a  house  which  stood  on  the  site 
of  the  Wilcox  House.  He  sold  out  to  Charles  Seeley.  This  tavern  was  owned  in 
the  early  fifties  by  B.  S.  Sayre.  Then  C.  L.  Wilcox  became  the  owner.  In  1859 
the  property  was  purchased  by  William  Robinson,  D.  H.  Smith  and  B.  B.  Hoffiday, 
and  was  kept  as  a  hotel  for  ten  years.     In  1859  it  was  leased  to  Sol.  Bunnell,  who 


0H^}y>~/3aj@^Lp 


WELLSBOEO.  273 


kept  it  till  the  spring  of  1873.  Then  Mr.  HoUiday  took  possession  and  refurnished 
the  house  throughout,  but  in  the  fall  of  1873  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

When  James  Kimball  sold  his  house  to  Charles  Seeley,  he  moved  across  the 
street  to  what  is  now  known  as  the  Sherwood  corner  and  built  a  new  tavern,  which 
he  named  the  Pennsylvania  House.  There  he  had,  as  a  writer  puts  it,  "the  best 
well  of  water  in  town  and  the  best  liquor!"  It  was  a  popular  place  with  the  public 
for  many  years.  After  the  retirement  of  Kimball  it  was  kept  by  different  parties, 
among  whom  may  be  mentioned  L.  D.  Taylor.  Early  in  1873  B.  B.  HoUiday  pur- 
chased the  property,  and  on  the  22d  of  February,  of  that  year,  it  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  It  was  never  rebuilt.  The  site  was  cut  up  into  lots,  sold  at  assignee's  sale, 
and  the  present  row  of  law  of&ees  was  built  on  it. 

Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  who  had  served  as  the  first  coroner  of  the  county,  came 
to  "Wellsboro  in  1833  and  kept  a  tavern  until  1837,  when  he  returned  to  Tioga  and 
there  died. 

Dr.  John  B.  Murphey  was  granted  tavern  license  May  19,  1838,  and  kept  a 
public  house,  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  Coles  House.  How  long  he  kept 
the  house  is  unknown,  but  it  could  not  have  been  very  long,  as  he  died  a  few  years 
afterwards. 

Erastus  Fellows,  born  in  Canaan,  Connecticut,  in  1800,  came  to  Wellsboro  in 
1837  and  purchased  160  acres  of  land  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town.  About 
1831  he  opened  the  Fellows  House,  which  was  principally  kept  by  him  until  his  re- 
tirement in  1870.  It  was  a  popular  place  in  his  day.  The  house  is  still  kept  and 
is  known  as  the  Farmers'  Hotel.  Mr.  Fellows  died  ISTovember  31,  1883.  His 
widow,  whose  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Cole,  born  in  Otsego  county,  ISTew  York, 
August  35,  1795,  died  June  7,  1889,  in  the  ninety-fifth  year  of  her  age. 

The  old-time  tavern  was  a  place  of  good  cheer  and  social  enjoyment.  Whiskey 
in  those  days  cost  three  cents  a  drink,  or  five  for  a  shilling;  twelve  for  twenty-five 
cents,  and  a  long  credit  for  three  cents  net,  when  marked  down.  The  method  of 
charging  was  a  straight  mark  for  a  drink,  and  a  tally  mark  for  five,  with  the  cred- 
itor's name  at  the  top  of  a  page.  This  method  was  adopted  as  a  necessity,  as  it 
would  sometimes  have  required  two  or  three  clerks  to  make  the  charges  in  the  reg- 
ular way. 

MODEEN    HOTELS. 

About  thirty-five  years  ago  David  Hart  erected  a  two-story  frame  hotel  build- 
ing on  the  north  corner  of  Main  and  Queen  streets.  He  kept  it  as  a  temperance 
house,  his  sign  of  a  crystal  fountain  being  a  familiar  land-mark  for  many  years. 
This  house  burned  in  1866,  having  had  several  landlords.  The  Dr.  Otis  L.  Gibson 
dwelling  house  was  then  moved  on  the  site  and  transformed  into  a  hotel,  with 
Minor  Watkins  as  the  landlord.  His  successor  was  William  B.  YanHorn,  who  in 
turn  was  succeeded  by  Sol.  Bunnell.  The  latter  remodeled  the  building  and 
raised  it  three  stories.  In  1876  James  S.  Coles  became  proprietor.  A  year  later 
his  brother,  W.  K.  Coles,  joined  him  as  partner,  continuing  until  1883.  In  February, 
1885,  the  house  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  was  not  rebuilt. 

Prior  to  his  death  in  1853,  Hobart  Graves  kept  the  United  States  House, 
which  occupied  the  site  of  the  present  Coles  House.     After  Mr.  Graves'  death  A. 

18 


274  HISTORY   OP   TIOGiL    COUNTY. 

P.  Cone  purchased  the  property.  During  his  ownership  the  landlords  were  P.  P. 
Cleaver,  Eeuben  Farr,  Nelson  Austin  and  D.  G.  Bitter.  The  house  was  burned  in 
1866  or  1867,  and  the  lot  remained  vacant  until  1869,  when  Mr.  Cone  began  the 
erection  of  the  largest  and  most  substantial  hotel  building  in  Tioga  county.  It 
was  opened  in  1870  as  the  Cone  House,  the  first  landlord  being  A.  B.  Graves.  About 
1873  B.  B.  HoUiday  purchased  the  property,  which  within  a  year  or  two  passed  into 
the  possession  of  Joel  Parkhurst,  and  the  name  of  the  hotel  changed  to  the  Park- 
hurst  House.  •»  From  1875  to  1883  Thomas  Vesey  was  the  landlord.  He  was  fol- 
lowed by  Charles  Hussey  and  by  C.  C.  McClellan,  each  remaiuing  about  a  year. 
In  February,  1885,  the  Bunnell  House  was  destroyed  by  fire,  J.  S.  Coles  being  the 
landlord  at  the  time.  He  immediately  leased  the  Parkhurst  House,  changed  its 
name  to  the  Coles  House,  and  ran  it  until  November,  1893,  when  his  brother,  W.  E. 
Coles,  succeeded  him  as  landlord  and  lessee  of  the  property,  which  he  purchased  in 
July,  1896.  The  house  has  since  been  greatly  improved  and  thoroughly  renovated. 
It  is  well  equipped  and  has  a  large  patronage. 

Charles  Sandbach  is  proprietor  of  the  house  bearing  his  name.  He  was  bom 
in  Prussia,  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1850,  and  after  living  in  various  places 
finally  settled  at  Germania,  Potter  county,  and  opened  a  public  house,  which  he  con- 
ducted for  a  short  time.  He  removed  to  Wellsboro  in  May,  1881,  and  purchased 
the  Baldwin  House,  formerly  the  O'Connor.  After  thoroughly  refitting  and  refur- 
nishing it  he  gave  it  his  own  name,  and  has  conducted  it  up  to  the  present  time. 

The  Wellsboro  House,  near  the  railroad  station,  is  owned  by  Hon.  Stephen  F. 
Wilson.  It  was  built  in  1872  by  Joseph  EiberoUe,  and  was  first  known  as  the 
Eiberolle  House. 

The  Wilcox  House  was  erected  about  1875  by  J.  C.  Wheeler  and  C.  L.  Willcox 
as  a  business  block,  and  was  occupied  by  a  store  for  a  few  years.  It  was  then  re- 
modeled and  changed  to  a  hotel,  and  has  since  had  a  number  of  landlords.  The 
property  is  now  owned  by  C.  L.  Willcox.  The  present  landlord,  Frank  S.  Dunkle, 
has  conducted  the  hotel  since  November  1,  1892,  and  has  enjoyed  a  prosperous 
business. 


CHAPTEE  XYIII. 

WELLSBOEO  (CONTINUED). 

Village  Schools— The  Old  Academy— Its  Ingorpoeation— Its  Eaely  and 
Later  History— The  Building  Now  Used  as  a  Church— Common  School 
System  Adopted— First  Public  School  Building— Later  Buildings  and 
Teachers— Willow  Hall  School. 


AMONG  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Wellsboro  were  a  number  of  men  who  had  received 
the  benefits  of  what  was  then  termed  a  "liberal  education,"  and,  as  might  be 
expected,  they  took  an  active  interest  in  the  early  establishment  of  good  schools,  in 
order  to  insure  to  their  children,  as  far  as  conditions  and  environment  made  it  possi- 
ble, advantages  similar  to  those  they  themselves  had  enjoyed  in  their  youth. 

Soon  after  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  built  the  Quaker  Meeting  House,  classes  were, 
taught  there,  it  being  the  only  building  in  the  village  suitable  for  that  purpose.  In 
this  rude  and  unpretentious  structure  the  splendid  educational  system  of  Wellsboro 
had  its  beginning.  A  few  years  later  came  the  movement  which  led  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Academy  and  the  employment  as  teachers  of  graduates  of  the  best 
classical  colleges  in  the  land.  This  spirit,  which  manifested  itself  so  early  in  the 
history  of  Wellsboro,  has  known  neither  waning  nor  relaxation,  but,  on  the  contrary, 
has  grown  broader  and  stronger  with  the  passing  years.  It  is  true  that  the  Academy 
has  passed  out  of  existence,  being  superceded  by  the  common  schools  of  the  borough, 
after  having  nobly  fulfilled  its  mission;  but  the  pleasant  memories  which  cling 
round  its  history  are  enduring  as  the  rock-ribbed  hills  and  are  handed  down  by 
ancestor  to  descendant  as  priceless  legacies. 

Among  the  early  teachers  in  the  Quaker  Meeting  House  were  Lydia  Cole, 
Chauncey  Alford  and  Benjamin  B.  Smith.  The  school  was  supported  by  subscrip- 
tion and  the  compensation  of  the  teachers  exceedingly  moderate.  The  county,  in 
compliance  with  a  law  then  in  force,  paid  for  the  instruction  of  poor  children,  the 
names  of  whom  were  required  to  be  returned  by  the  assessors. 

THE  OLD  ACADEMY. 

One  of  the  early  institutions  of  Wellsboro,  around  which  still  cling  pleasant 
memories,  was  the  old  Academy,  which  was  chartered  by  the  legislature  March  35, 
1817.  The  act  provided  for  a  grant  of  $2,000  "to  be  paid,  by  warrant  drawn  by  the 
governor  on  the  state  treasurer,  to  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy,  or  a 
majority  of  them,"  and  that  this  amount  "shall  be  placed  in  some  productive  fund  or 
funds,  the  increase  whereof  shall  be  applied  in  aid  of  the  resources  to  compensate  a 
teacher  or  teachers  in  said  Academy,  but  the  money  hereby  granted  shall  not  be  paid 
until  the  trustees  certify  to  the  governor  that  the  sum  of  $1,000  shall  have  been 


276  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


secured  to  be  paid  by  private  subscription  for  erecting  a  suitable  building  and  for  the 
benefit  of  the  said  institution."  It  was  also  provided  that,  "there  shall  be  admitted 
into  said  Academy  any  number  of  poor  children,  not  exceeding  five,  who  may  at 
any  time  offer,  to  be  taught  gratis,  but  none  of  said  children  shall  continue  to  be 
taught  longer  than  two  years." 

The  trustees  named  in  the  act  were:  Samuel  W.. Morris,  Alpheus  Cheney,  John 
Norris  and  William  Bache,  of  Wellsboro;  Justus  Dartt  and  Nathan  Mies,  Jr.,  of 
Charleston;  William  D.  Bacon,  Eobert  Tubbs,  Eddy  Howland,  Joseph  McCormick 
and  John  Knox,  on  the  Cowanesque;  Uriah  Spencer,  Asa  Mann,  Daniel  Lamb  and 
Ambrose  Millard,  on  the  Tioga;  James  Gray  and  Nathan  Eowley,  of  Sullivan,  and 
Isaac  Baker. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  trustees  was  held  at  the  prothonotary's  office  in  Wells- 
boro, Monday,  May  5, 1817.  Daniel  Lamb  was  elected  temporary  chairman  and  John 
Norris  secretary,  and  rules  adopted  for  the  government  of  the  board.  A  permanent 
organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  Samuel  W.  Morris,  president;  John 
Norris,  secretary,  and  Benjamin  W.  Morris,  treasurer,  each  to  hold  his  office  for  one 
year.  The  meetings  were  first  fixed  for  Monday  evening  of  each  court  week,  but  were 
afterwards  changed  to  Tuesday. 

At  the  meeting  held  July  3  and  4, 1817,  the  site  of  the  Academy  was  fixed,  and  a 
committee  appointed  to  contract  with  Mr.  Morris  for  the  lot.  It  was  decided  to 
erect  a  brick  building,  and  a  commitee  was  appointed  to  contract  for  the  brick  and 
lumber — ^the  cost  of  the  former  not  to  exceed  $5.00  per  1,000.  A  committee  consist- 
ing of  William  Bache,  Sr.,  Uriah  Spencer  and  Samuel  W.  Morris  was  also  appointed  to 
prepare  a  plan  for  the  building  and  make  an  estimate  of  its  probable  cost.  A  building 
committee,  consisting  of  Justus  Dartt,  William  Bache  and  John  Norris,  was  also 
appointed. 

At  a  meeting  held  Tuesday,  September  16,  1817,  the  sum  of  $300  was  appro- 
priated for  the  purchase  of  brick  and  lumber,  and  a  resolution  adopted  that  a  certifi- 
cate be  prepared  to  be  presented  to  the  governor  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the 
state  appropriation,  the  requisite  amount  having  been  subscribed.  The  following 
resolutions  were  also  adopted: 

1.  That  the  money  when  obtained  shall  be  divided  into  four  parts  and  loaned  for 
five  years  upon  unexceptional  landed  security,  clear  of  every  encumbrance;  $500  in 
Delmar,  $500  in  Deerfield  and  Elkland  and  $1,000  in  old  Tioga  township. 

3.  That  those  persons  to  whom  the  money  shall  be  loaned  subscribe  two  per  cent, 
annually  on  the  sum  loaned,  and  that  they  pay  all  expenses  attending  the  security, 
recording  the  mortgage,  etc. 

3.  That  the  sum  of  $500  each  be  loaned  to  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  John  Gray,  James  Ford 
and  Samuel  W.  Morris  upon  the  conditions  before  named,  and  that  the  treasurer  be 
directed  to  pay  over  said  money  when  obtained,  and  that  he  require  good  freehold 
security  to  at  least  double  the  sum  loaned. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  January  19  and  30,  1818,  at  which  it  was  resolved 
"that  if  James  Gray,  Sr.,  gives  a  mortgage  on  a  certain  piece  of  land,  now  held  by 
John  Gray,  the  said  John  first  conveying  his  right  to  said  James,  and  a  judgment 
bond,  it  shall  be  sufficient  security  for  $500  loaned  to  him  by  the  trustees  of  the 
Wellsboro  Academy." 

James  Ford  having  declined  the  loan  allotted  of  $500  to  him,  Uriah  Spencer 


WELLSBOEO     (CONTINUED).  277 


applied  for  it,  ofEering  as  security  the  Joseph  Martin  warrant.  This  was  declined  by 
a  vote  of  the  board,  when,  in  addition,  he  offered  the  John  Barron,  Jr.,  warrant,  for 
which  he  had  a  tax  title,  and  it  was  "Eesolved,  That  the  tracts  be  accepted  as  sufficient 
security  from  Uriah  Spencer,  provided,  also,  that  James  Eord  becomes  bound  with 
Mr.  Spencer  in  a  judgment  bond  for  $500,  to  be  loaned  to  said  Spencer,"  Mr.  Ford, 
however,  declined  to  sign  the  bond. 

At  the  meeting  held  February  17, 1818,  Mr.  Spencer  again  applied  to  the  trustees 
for  the  loan  of  $500  on  the  security  of  the  two  warrants  mentioned  above;  but  Judge 
Morris,  the  president,  notified  the  board  that  he  would  not  give  an  order  on  the 
treasurer  for  the  money,  as  he  believed  the  security  offered  to  be  worthless,  and  the 
matter  was  dropped. 

At  the  election  held  April  16,  1818,  the  following  members  of  the  old  board 
were  re-elected:  Justus  Dartt,  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  John  Korris,  Samuel  W.  Morris 
and  Eobert  Tubbs.  The  new  trustees  were  Eoswell  Bailey,  Daniel  Kelsey,  Jeremiah 
Brown,  Caleb  Austin,  Oliver  Willard,  David  Henry,  "William  Patton,  Bbenezer  Jack- 
son, Ira  Kilburn,  Ebenezer  Seelye,  Arnold  Hunter,  Allen  Butler  and  Eichard  Ellis. 
Uriah  Spencer  was  among  those  not  re-elected.  The  result  was  considered  a  vindica- 
tion of  Judge  Morris  for  the  firm  stand  he  took  against  loaning  the  money  on  the 
doubtful  security;  though  it  would  seem  that  other  considerations  might  have 
effected  the  result,  as  at  the  meeting  of  the  new  board.  May  4,  1818,  Daniel  Kelsey 
was  elected  president;  John  Norris,  vice-president;  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown,  secretary, 
and  Nathan  Mies,  Jr.,  treasurer. 

It  may  be  mentioned  as  a  historical  fact  that  ever  after  the  failure  of  Mr. 
Spencer  to  secure  the  loan,  he  was  an  implacable  and  bitter  foe  of  Wellsboro,  and  more 
especially  of  Judge  Morris,  and  his  hatred  of  the  town  only  terminated  with  his  death. 

At  the  meeting  of  May  4,  1818,  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were 
adopted: 

Whereas,  James  Ford  aad  Uriah  Spencer  have  failed  in  giving-  requisite  security  for 
the  loan  of  $500,  therefore 

Eesolved,  That  the  said  money  is  novy  open  to  applicants  from  the  north  part  of  old 
Tioga  tovynship. 

Eesolved,  That  the  sum  of  $500  be  loaned  to  Ira  Kilburn  upon  his  giving  unexcep- 
tionable landed  security  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  president  and  secretary. 

A  new  building  committee,  consisting  of  David  Henry,  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown 
and  Justus  Dartt,  was  appointed  and  instructed  to  report  at  the  next  meeting  a  plan 
and  estimate  of  the  cost  of  a  suitable  Academy  building.  At  the  meeing  of  May  19, 
1818,  this  committee  reported  as  follows: 

Your  committee,  etc.,  have  deliberately  taken  into  consideration  the  subject  referred 
to  them,  and  beg  leave  to  report  that  it  is  our  opinion,  provided  we  erect  the  building 
of  wood,  forty-eight  by  twenty-two,  making  two  large  rooms  below  and  a  hall  eignx 
feet  wide,  one  large  room  above  and  two  small  ones,  all  the  necessary  material  and  the 
work  laid  out  for  building  the  Academy  would  amount  to  $1,500. 

The  report  was  approved.  The  idea  of  erecting  a  brick  building  was  abandoned, 
and  the  Academy  was  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  plan  recommended.  At  a 
meeting  held  June  15,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

That  Samuel  W.  Morris,  Justus  Dartt  and  David  Henry  be  appointed  a  committee 
with  full  power  and  authority  to  erect  a  building  agreeably  to  a  plan  approved  by  the 


278  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COTTNTT. 

board;  that  they  or  a  majority  of  them  be  authorized  to  contract  for  materials  for  the 
Academy,  engage  workmen  to  do  all  necessary  work,  clear  off  the  lot  proposed  for  the 
site,  and  that  they  glye  certificates  or  orders  on  the  treasurer  in  favor  of  those  they  may 
contract  with,  which  orders,  when  countersigned  by  the  president  and  secretary,  shall 
be  paid  by  the  treasurer. 

At  the  same  meeting  John  JSTorris,  Samuel  W.  Morris  and  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown 
were  appointed  a  committee  "to  draft  a  set  of  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the 
institution."  At  an  adjourned  meeting  held  September  38,  a  resolution  was  adopted, 
"that  the  Academy  be  erected  this  (1818)  faU." 

At  the  next  regular  meeting,  held  December  19,  the  following  resolution  was 
adopted: 

That  the  treasurer  be  authorized  to  receive  from  the  subscribers  to  the  Academy 
three-fourths  in  county  orders  and  one-fourth  in  money,  provided  the  same  be  paid 
before  the  next  (February)  court. 

County  orders  were  then  the  principal  circulation  of  the  county,  and  were  at  a 
heavy  discount,  being  taken,  however,  at  par  for  taxes  and  debts  due  the  county,  and 
sometimes  for  commodities,  their  price  being  marked  up  to  meet  the  exigency. 

The  next  annual  election  was  held  April  5,  1319,  when  the  following  eighteen 
trustees  were  elected:  Eddy  Howland,  Ebenezer  Seelye  and  John  Knox,  of  the 
Cowanesque;  Justus  Dartt,  Eoswell  Bailey,  Oliver  "Willard,  Nathan  Mies,  Jr.,  and 
David  Henry,  of  Charleston;  Daniel  Kelsey,  Samuel  W.  Morris,  John  ISTorris,  William 
Patton,  David  Lindsey,  William  Bache,  Ebenezer  Jackson  and  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown, 
of  Wellsboro;  Ira  Kilbum,  of  Lawrenceville,  and  Eiehard  Ellis,  of  Pine  Creek. 

Experience  had  shown  that  a  board  of  eighteen  trustees  was  altogether  too 
cumbersome  and  inconvenient,  and  the  legislature  was  asked  to  reduce  the  number 
to  nine,  which  was  done  by  act  of  March  27,  1819,  to  take  effect  after  that  year's 
election. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  held  May  3, 1819,  Justus  Dartt  was  elected  president; 
John  Norris,  vice-president;  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  treasurer,  and  David  Lindsey,  secre- 
tary. At  an  adjourned  meeting  held  on  the  15th  of  the  same  month  the  following 
was  adopted: 

Eesolved,  That  the  treasurer  be  directed  to  call  on  the  subscribers  for  their  respec- 
tive subscriptions,  and  that  suits  be  commenced  against  all  who  shall  not  have  paid  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  July  next;  that  the  treasurer  be  instructed  to  pay  over  all 
money  that  is  in  his  hands,  that  has  been  collected  from  the  subscribers  of  the  Wellsboro 
Academy,  to  Samuel  W.  Morris,  Esq.,  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  nails  for  said 
Academy. 

The  cost  of  nails  was  then  twenty-five  cents  per  pound  in  Wellsboro,  as  shown 
by  bills  found  among  the  accounts  of  the  oldAcademy.  When  subscriptions  began 
for  the  $1,000  necessary  to  be  subscribed  before  the  $2,000  could  be  paid  over  by  the 
State,  many  men  became  responsible  for  sums  they  were  hardly  able  to  pay,  and  many 
suits  were  brought  and  judgments  obtained,  which,  under  the  then  existing  law, 
must  be  paid  or  the  defendant  imprisoned,  or  a  resort  be  had  to  the  insolvent  court. 

Under  the  law  reducing  the  number  of  trustees  to  nine,  at  the  election  held 
April  3,  1820,  John  Norris,  William  Bache,  David  Lindsey,  Dr.  Jeremiah  Brown, 
William  Patton,  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  Oliver  Willard,  Israel  Greenleaf  and  Samuel  W. 
Morris  were  elected  trustees;  and  at  the  meeting  May  1,  following,  William  Bache 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  279 


was  elected  president;  William  Patton,  vice-president;  Samuel  W.  Morris,  treasurer, 
and  John  Norris,  secretary.  At  this  meeting  a  third  committee  was  appointed  to  fix 
Tip  the  by-laws;  the  treasurer  was  urged  to  collect  forthwith,  taking  county  orders 
at  par,  and  the  building  committee  instructed  to  complete  the  Academy  as  soon  as 
possible,  having  due  regard  to  the  state  of  the  funds. 

At  a  meeting  held  December  1,  1820,  John  Norris,  William  Bache  and  David 
Lindsey  were  appointed  a  committee  "to  engage  a  suitable  person  as  teacher  for  one 
quarter;  to  make  such  a  contract  as  they  may  deem  conducive  to  the  interest  of  the 
institution,  and  that  they  have  a  general  superintendence  over  the  conduct  of  the 
teacher  and  scholars,  and  axe  particularly  desired  to  visit  the  school  at  least  once  in 
two  weeks." 

At  this  meeting  also  the  stated  meetings  were  reduced  to  annual  meetings  to  be 
held  the  first  Monday  in  May  of  each  year.  The  bail  of  the  treasurer  was  fixed  at 
$5,000,  and  it  was  provided  that  no  person  should  be  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election 
for  trustees,  unless  he  had  paid  the  sum  of  $5  in  aid  of  the  funds  of  the  institution. 

The  first  person  employed  to  teach  in  the  Academy  was  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  who 
came  into  Wellsboro  about  1819.  At  this  time  only  one  room  in  the  Academy  had 
been  completed  so  that  it  could  be  used.  In  some  reminiscences  of  the  first  teacher, 
which  have  been  preserved,  it  is  related  that  he  used  to  tell  many  anecdotes  about  his 
teaching  in  the  Academy,  for  he  seemed  never  to  have  been  engaged  in  any  kind  of 
business  without  finding  a  vast  amount  of  fun  in  it. 

At  the  election  held  April  2, 1831,  Oliver  Wilson,  Eoswell  Bailey,  John  Beecher, 
William  Patton,  William  Bache,  Sr.,  Samuel  W.  Morris,  John  Knox,  B.  B.  Smith 
and  David  Henxy  were  elected  trustees;  and  at  the  organization  of  the  board  in  May, 
Mr.  Bache  was  chosen  president;  Mr.  Patton,  vice-president;  Mr.  Morris,  treasurer; 
Mr.  Smith,  secretary,  and  Messrs.  Willard,  Henry  and  Beecher,  building  committee. 

The  building  progressed  slowly  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  raising  money,  and  the 
trustees  had  to  resort  to  various  expedients  to  pay  for  labor  and  material.  On  Sep- 
tember 3, 1831,  the  following  were  adopted: 

1.  Eesolved,  unanimoiisly,  That  the  building'  committee  be  directed  to  proceed  as 
expeditiously  as  possible  in  completing  the  Aeadem.y,  and  that  the  sum  of  $300  be  placed 
at  their  disposal. 

3.  That  the  treasurer  be  instructed  to  proceed  immediately  against  all  delinquent 
subscribers  in  the  collection  of  all  arrearages  of  subscriptions  that,  in  his  discretion, 
together  with  the  advice  of  the  president  and  secretary,  shall  be  collectable. 

3.  That  the  president  and  secretary  be  authorized  and  instructed  to  obtain  by  loan, 
at  six  per  cent,  interest,  such  sum  or  sums,  in  treasury  orders,  as  shall  be  necessary 
to  make  up  the  residue  of  the  $300  mentioned  in  the  first  resolution,  after  what  may 
be  collected  by  the  treasurer  from  subscriptions. 

In  the  fall  of  1821  a  strong  effort  was  made  to  induce  the  trustees  to  start  a 
common  winter  school  in  the  finished  room  of  the  Academy,  but  without  success.  At 
a  meeting  held  October  26,  called  mainly  to  consider  that  question,  the  following  was 
adopted: 

Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  board  it  is  not  expedient  to  occupy  the  room 
in  the  Academy  this  winter,  and  therefore  the  board  refuse  their  assent  to  the  same. 

Mr.  Patton  then  offered  the  following  resolution: 


280  HISTORY   OP   TIOGA   COUNTT. 

Resolved,  That  the  trustees  pay  a  salary  to  teach  English,  writing  and  arithmetic 
in  the  Wellsboro  Academy  during  the  term  of  six  months,  and  that  the  trustees  apply 
the  money  arising  from  scholars  to  the  fund  granted  by  the  legislature. 

This  resolution  was  defeated,  only  three  voting  in  its  favor.  There  was  at  the 
time  a  very  strong  feeling  against  employing  any  teacher  except  a  college  graduate. 
It  is  inferred  that  the  three  trustees  in  favor  of  the  resolution  were  Messrs.  Patton, 
Bailey  and  Henry,  none  of  whom  were  re-elected  the  following  year,  the  new  mem- 
bers for  that  year  being  William  "Willard,  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  Justus  Dartt,  Chauncey 
Alford  and  John  Noms.  Norris  was  elected  president;  Mies,  vice-president;  Wil- 
liam Bache,  St.,  treasurer;  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  secretary,  and  ISTorris,  Beecher  and 
Dartt,  building  committee. 

The  new  board  re-adopted  the  resolution  concerning  collections  and  a  loan,  and 
appropriated  $300  for  use  by  the  building  committee. 

In  1823  Samuel  W.  Morris  was  chosen  president;  John  Beecher,  vice  president; 
Cooley  Ifewcomb,  secretary;  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  treasurer,  and  Nathan  Mies,  Jr., 
Amos  Coolidge  and  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  building  committee.  Ten  per  cent,  of  the 
premiums  on  loans  was  appropriated  toward  the  payment  of  the  debts  incurred  in 
building.  The  trustees  again  declined  to  permit  the  room  in  the  Academy  to  be  used 
for  "a  common  English  school." 

In  1824  Morris  and  Smith  were  re-elected  president  and  treasurer  and  Elijah 
Stiles  secretary.     On  May  23  of  that  year  the  following  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  board  that  a  school  ought  to  be  kept  in  the 
Academy  the  ensuing  season,  and  that  a  teacher  competent  to  teach  the  Latin  and 
Greek  tongues,  and  otherwise  well  qualified  to  teach  in  the  Academy,  be  employed  to 
commence  the  ensuing  fall;  and  that  in  pursuance  thereof  the  president  be  authorized 
and  requested  to  issue  proposals  to  that  effect,  and  when  received  to  lay  them  before 
the  board  of  trustees. 

At  the  meeting  held  October  14,  1824,  the  president  presented  a  letter  from 
Jeremiah  Day,  president  of  Yale  College,  recommending  James  Lowrey,  a  graduate 
of  said  college,  as  a  person  qualified  for  teaching  the  various  branches  of  academic 
education.     The  following  was  then  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  Samuel  W.  Morris,  Elijah  Stiles  and  Chauncey  Alford  be  a  committee 
to  engage  Mr.  Lowrey  to  teach  a  school  in  the  Academy  for  the  terra  of  six  months, 
commencing  the  first  day  of  November,  with  instructions  to  pay  a  sum  that  shall  not 
exceed  $225  for  said  term,  exclusive  of  board,  washing,  etc.,  and  that  if  the  trustees 
are  not  satisfied  with  him  as  instructor,  they  shall  have  the  right  to  dismiss  him  by 
giving  six  weeks'  notice;  and  if  he  at  any  time  shall  be  desirous  of  leaving  the  school, 
he  shall  be  under  similar  obligations  to  give  the  trustees  six  weeks'  notice  of  his  inten- 
tion. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees,  held  October  19,  the  committee  reported  that  they 
had  engaged  Mr.  Lowrey  in  conformity  with  the  instructions.  A  committee  was 
appointed  to  put  the  Academy  in  order  for  the  reception  of  pupils,  to  furnish  fuel  and 
also  procure  board  and  washing  for  the  instructor.  The  price  of  tuition  per  quarter 
was  also  fixed;  Greek  and  Latin,  $4.00;  English  grammar  and  the  higher  branches 
of  mathematics,  $3.00,  and  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic,  $2.00. 

Mr.  Lowrey  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  preceptorship  Monday,  November  1, 
1824,  a  period  of  more  than  seven  years  having  elapsed  from  the  time  the  institution 
was  chartered  until  it  was  formally  opened  as  a  classical  academy  by  a  graduate  of 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  £81 


Yale.  All  through  these  years  the  trustees  had  been  beset  by  difficulties  and  discour- 
agements. The  people  were  poor  and  it  was  hard  for  them  to  meet  their  obligations. 
Tact  and  patience  were  necessary,  and  as  a  consequence  the  work  progressed  slowly. 
When  Mr.  Lowrey  took  charge  only  the  lower  rooms  of  the  building  were  finished, 
so  difficult  was  it  to  procure  money  to  hire  labor  and  pay  for  material. 

To  the  honor  of  the  men  serving  on  the  several  boards  of  trustees,  be  it  said, 
they  held  the  interests  of  the  institution  sacred,  and  jealously  guarded  the  funds 
entrusted  to  them.  This  is  shown  by  their  refusal,  December  37,  1834,  to  exonerate 
Mr.  Beecher,  bail  of  Cooley  Newcomb,  constable  of  Delmar,  from  his  liability  for 
the  amount  of  several  executions  in  favor  of  the  Academy,  put  into  his  hands  and 
collected,  the  money  arising  from  which  he  had  neglected  to  pay  over  before  taldng 
his  departure  from  the  county. 

At  the  end  of  the  six  months  which  Mr.  Lowrey  had  contracted  to  teach,  he 
retired  from  the  Academy  and  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  Ellis  Lewis.  He 
was  an  excellent  teacher,  popular  with  his  pupils,  and  the  patrons  of  the  school 
were  loath  to  see  him  retire. 

The  successors  of  Mr.  Lowrey  as  teachers  were  Eev.  Benjamin  Shipman  and 
Charles  Fash.  They  commenced  in  May,  1835,  were  paid  $300,  for  a  year,  out  of 
the  funds  and  were  allowed  all  the  proceeds  of  tuition. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  held  March  4, 1836,  Messrs.  Shipman  and  Nash  sub- 
mitted the  following  proposals  to  teach  the  second  year: 

That  the  building  be  put  in  proper  order  for  the  accommodation  of  an  extensive 
school  by  the  first  day  of  June  next;  the  term  of  a  school  quarter  to  consist  of  eleven 
weeks;  the  sum  of  $200  to  be  secured  .to  them  from  the  funds,  to  be  paid  in  equal  half- 
yearly  payments;  children  in  the  vicinity  be  requested  to  attend  the  Academy  at  the 
expense  of  the  county;  all  the  contingent  expenses  of  said  school  to  be  borne  by  its 
proprietors;  Mr.  Nash  to  remain  in  the  school  for  the  first  half  of  the  year,  at  the  end 
of  which  the  other  will  return  if  necessary  or  furnish  other  suitable  assistant;  to  receive 
two  scholars  whose  tuition  shall  be  free,  provided  their  bills  do  not  amount  in  the 
aggregate  to  more  than  $400  per  quarter. 

To  the  above  the  following  notice  was  appended: 

If  the  above  does  not  meet  with  your  views,  you  are  hereby  notified  that  we  shall 
leave  you  at  the  close  of  the  present  year. 

This  proposition  was  rejected,  though  some  thought  that  it  would  be  better 
for  the  school  to  accept  it.  It  was  impracticable  so  far  as  the  tuition  of  pupils  in 
the  vicinity  was  to  be  paid  by  the  county.  It  was  objectionable  as  taking  the  control 
of  the  school  out  of  the  hands  of  the  trustees,  and  the  note  appended  was  out  of 
taste,  as  seeming  to  contain  a  threat. 

At  a  meeting,  however,  March  30,  the  president  was  authorized  to  employ  Mr. 
Nash  on  nearly  the  same  terms  as  the  last  year,  Mr.  Nash  to  employ  an  assistant 
if  necessary,  and  the  requisitions  of  the  act  of  incorporation  in  regard  to  indigent 
pupils  to  be  complied  with  without  further  compensation;  and  in  the  event  that  Mr. 
Nash  would  not  accept  the  proposition,  the  president  was  directed  to  advertise  in 
the  Pioneer  for  a  teacher.  The  proposition,  however,  was  accepted,  and  the  con- 
tract was  made  with  Nash  and  Shipman  jointly.  A  similar  contract  was  made  with 
Mr.  Nash,  as  principal,  in  March,  1837,  it  being  stipulated,  however,  that  "if  he 


282  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


wished  to  leave  at  the  end  of  the  year  he  should  give  three  months'  notice,  or  be 
imder  obligations  to  continue  another  term." 

On  March  20,  1828,  Mr.  Nash  and  Mr.  Shipman  having  given  notice  of  their 
intention  to  leave  the  institution  at  the  end  of  the  school  year,  the  trustees  adopted 
the  following: 

Eesolved,  That  the  Eev.  Benjamin  Shipman  and  Charles  Nash  have  by  their  talents 
and  industry  rendered  our  Academy  respectable  and  flourishing;  and  that  the  president 
be  instructed  to  wait  upon  the  gentlemen  aforesaid  with  a  copy  of  our  resolution  and 
a  tender  of  our  thanks. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  president  was  directed  to  write  to  Yale,  Union  and 
Dickinson  Colleges  in  order  to  procure  a  teacher. 

There  appears  to  have  been  an  organized  opposition  to  Messrs.  Nash  and  Ship- 
man,  and  to  Mr.  Nash  in  particular,  by  some  of  the  young  men  in  Wellsboro  and  some 
of  the  "Charleston  friends,"  on  account  of  an  alleged  interference  with  certain  amuse- 
ments of  the  young,  but  not  at  all  connected  with  the  Academy,  for  as  teachers  and 
managers  of  the  school  no  one  found  fault  with  them.  It  was  in  consequence  of  this 
opposition  that  they  determined  to  leave,  and  the  foregoing  resolution  was  deemed 
but  fair  to  them,  as  expressing  the  sentiments  of  the  trustees  and  patrons  of  the 
Academy. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  of  the  board  of  trustees  adopted  March  30, 
1838,  Judge  Morris  wrote  to  Dr.  Nott,  president  of  Union  College,  Schenectady, 
New  York,  to  send  them  a  teacher.  Dr.  Nott  selected  Josiah  Emery,  a  graduate  of 
Union  College,  who  had  previously  passed  through  Dartmouth  College,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  proposed  to  him  the  propriety  of  accepting  the  offer.  Judge  Morris' 
letter  stated  the  average  number  of  pupils  during  the  past  two  years,  the  prices 
of  tuition  for  the  different  grades,  and  the  amount,  $300,  out  of  the  permanent 
fund  in  addition  to  the  full  avails  of  tuition,  which  they  were  willing  to  pay.  Dr. 
Nott  and  Mr.  Emery  made  a  calculation  of  the  probable  amount  a  teacher  would 
realize,  and  they  figured  it  out  at  from  $1,800  to  $1,500  a  year  !  They,  however, 
made  their  calculation  on  the  basis  of  New  York  and  New  England  academies,  and 
very  much  overestimated  the  proportion  paying  the  higher  rates  of  tuition,  as  subse- 
quent experience  proved. 

Mr.  Emery*  accepted  the  situation  and  started  for  Pennsylvania  as  soon  as  he 
could  complete  his  arrangements.  He  arrived  in  Wellsboro  on  Wednesday  evening, 
April  33,  1838.  The  next  morning  he  presented  a  letter  from  Dr.  Nott  to  Judge 
Morris  recommending  him  as  a  competent  and  experienced  teacher,  and  the  Judge 
at  once  called  a  meeting  of  the  old  and  new  boards.  The  following  entry  is  found 
among  the  records  of  the  Academy: 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  at  the  house  of  James  Kimball  on  Thursday  evening, 
April  24,  called  on  account  of  the  application  of  Mr.  J.  Emery  as  a  teacher,  the  following 
members  present  of  the  former  and  present  boards:  Samuel  W.  Morris,  John  Norris, 
Daniel  Kelsey,  William  Bache,  Chauncey  Alford  and  B.  B.  Smith,  of  the  old  board,  and 
of  the  new  board,  to  wit:  those  elected  on  the  7th  of  April  instant,  were  present,  Daniel 
Kelsey,  C.  Alford,  Amos  Coolidge,  B.  Gitchell  and  Francis  Wetherbee.  The  question 
arising  which  of  the  two  boards  was  the  legal  one  and  ought  to  act  in  the  application 

•  Mr.  Emery,  who  was  a  very  methodical  man,  wrote  out  a  minute  history  of  the  Academy,  and  published  it 
in  the  Agitator  many  years  ago,  from  which  this  sketch  has  been  condensed. 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  283 


aforesaid,  on  motion,  the  following  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  vote  of 
all  the  members  present  of  both  boards: 

Kesolved,  That  Daniel  Kelsey,  Chauncey  Alford  and  Amos  Coolidge  be  authorized 
to  contract  with  Josiah  Emery  to  take  charge  of  the  Academy  for  the  term  of  one  year 
from  the  first  Monday  in  May  next,  on  the  following  terms,  viz:  to  pay  him  $200  in 
semi-annual  payments  out  of  the  Academy  fund  in  addition  to  the  tuition  bills;  the 
quarter  to  consist  of  twelve  weeks,  and  in  other  particulars  to  be  governed  by  the  late 
contract  with  Messrs.  Shipman  and  Nash. 

The  contract  was  executed,  and  on  Monday,  May  5,  the  school  was  opened. 
Prom  the  very  commencement  of  his  connection  with  the  Academy  Mr.  Emery  in- 
eisted  that  the  upper  part  of  the  building  should  be  finished,  and  some  time  in  June, 
at  his  request,  a  meeting  was  called  at  which  all  the  resident  trustees  were  present; 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  raise  funds  for  that  purpose,  and  the  membership  to 
entitle  a  person  to  vote  for  trustees  was  reduced  from  $5.00  to  $3.50.  The  necessary 
funds  were  raised,  and  the  upper  rooms  were  finished;  thus,  at  the  end  of  eleven 
years,  completing  the  Academy. 

On  February  12,  1830,  Mr.  Emery  resigned,  having  in  the  meantime  married 
and  entered  his  name  as  a  law  student  in  the  office  of  James  Lowrey. 

Mr.  Emery  ever  dwelt  with  pleasure  upon  his  early  days  in  the  old  Acadeniy, 
and  it  was  his  delight  to  recall  the  names  of  his  pupils  and  their  success  in  life.  In 
his  reminiscences  of  the  Academy  he  thus  refers  to  some  of  them: 

I  would  like  very  much  to  give  the  names  of  all  my  pupils,  or  at  least  of  those  who 
■occupied  prominent  and  influential  positions  afterward;  but  I  find  that  my  memory 
is  at  fault,  and  I  can  recall  only  a  very  few  names.  All  the  older  members  of  Judge 
Morris'  family,  of  Mr.  Bache's,  Mr.  Beecher's,  Mr.  Jackson's,  and,  indeed,  of  all  the 
iamilies  living  in  Wellsboro  and  vicinity,  were  members  of  the  school,  as  well  as  pupils 
Irom  all  parts  of  the  county.  William  E.  Morris  became  a  practical  and  able  engineer; 
Benjamin  W.  Morris,  who,  I  used  to  think,  was  not  inclined  to  study,  but  who  could 
write  a  good  composition,  is  now  Episcopal  bishop  of  Oregon  and  Washington;  and  a 
sister  of  his  wife,  who,  so  far  as  talent  was  concerned,  was  at  the  head  of  the  family, 
used  occasionally  to  deal  in  light  literature  and  poetry,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most 
practical  women  of  the  country,  but  might  have  occupied  an  important  niche  in  the 
literary  temple  had  she  devoted  her  whole  life  and  soul  to  literary  pursuits. 

But  it  is  not  always  the  most  brilliant  student  in  youth  that  becomes  most  useful 
in  after  life:  neither  is  it  the  man  or  woman  who  climbs  up  the  ladder  of  fame  or 
notoriety  that  is  generally  the  most  useful.  *  *  *  i  have  seen  many  very  brilliant, 
precocious  boys  who  excited  high  hopes  for  their  future,  and  in  their  manhood  I  have 
looked  for  them  in  vain  among  the  talented  and  useful  classes,  and  siicceeded  at  last 
in  finding  them  in  some  obscure  and  uninfluential  positions.  My  experience  and  obser- 
vation have  taught  me  that  the  steady,  industrious  and  conscientious  boy  makes  the 
practical  and  useful  man  of  the  world.    And  it  is  such  men  that  the  world  most  needs. 

Mr.  Emery  was  succeeded  as  principal  of  the  Academy  for  a  short  time  by  a 
gentleman  named  Upson.  On  January  10, 1831,  Henry  Barnard,  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College,  took  charge  at  $500  per  annum,  with  the  addition  of  $21  for  board  per 
quarter.  ISTo  student  was  permitted  to  enter  the  academic  department  unless  able 
to  read  in  school  books  in  common  use.  For  those  excluded,  however,  an  usher  was 
provided  who  occupied  one  of  the  lower  rooms.  Mr.  Barnard's  engagement  was 
but  for  three  months,  at  the  end  of  which  time  the  trustees  offered  him  $150  and  all 
the  avails  of  tuition  for  one  year.  He,  however,  declined  the  offer  and  left.  He 
was  a  first-class  teacher  and  very  much  interested  in  educational  matters,  and,  later 


284  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

in  life,  was  for  a  number  of  years  at  the  head  of  the  National  Bureau  of  Education 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

On  April  26,  1831,  permission  was  granted  by  the  board  of  trustees  to  a  Mr. 
Earnam  to  teach  a  common  school  in  the  two  lower  rooms  of  the  Academy.  On 
October  24,  of  the  same  year,  a  contract  was  made  with  Almon  Owen  to  take  charge 
of  the  Academy  at  $150  per  annum  and  the  avails  of  the  tuition.  He  began  teaching 
October  31, 1831,  and  remained  one  year. 

On  October  13,  1832,  the  trustees  authorized  Henry  N.  Moore  to  occupy  one  of 
the  lower  rooms  of  the  Academy  for  a  common  English  school. 

About  this  time  a  change  in  the  number  of  trustees  and  the  duration  of  their 
respective  terms  began  to  be  discussed.  The  annual  change,  often  of  nearly  the 
whole  board,  was  considered  a  great  evil,  as  well  as  the  shortness  of  the  term  of 
service.  It  was  finally  decided  to  ask  the  legislature  to  reduce  the  number  and 
lengthen  the  term  of  service  to  five  years;  five  trustees  to  be  chosen  the  first  year, 
to  be  classified  by  lot  so  that  their  terms,  respectively,  should  expire  in  one,  two, 
three,  four  and  five  years,  and  that  thereafter  only  one  trustee  should  be  elected 
annually  to  serve  five  years.  The  legislature,  March  6,  1833,  passed  a  law  to  that 
effect,  and  in  April  Samuel  W.  Morris,  E.  G.  White,  Chauncey  Alford,  Benjamin  B. 
Smith  and  John  P.  Donaldson  were  elected.  On  casting  lots  Donaldson  drew  one 
year;  Smith,  two;  Alford,  three;  White,  four,  and  Morris,  five.  Judge  Morris  was 
chosen  president;  John  P.  Donaldson,  secretary,  and  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  though  not 
a  trustee,  was  continued  as  treasurer,  having  been  elected  in  1832. 

In  November,  1833,  Alexander  Wright  was  employed  to  teach  for  one  year  at 
$150  and  the  avails  of  tuition. 

From  November  4,  1833,  to  April,  1835,  there  is  no  record  of  what  was  done, 
though  three  blank  pages  were  left  in  which  to  enter  the  record  at  "a  more  con- 
venient season."  To  Mr.  Donaldson,  who  was  secretary,  that  more  convenient 
season  never  came.  It  is  inferred,  however,  from  after  records  that  Mr.  Wetherbee 
was  elected  in  April,  1834,  to  succeed  Mr.  Donaldson,  who  was  re-elected  in  April, 
1835,  to  succeed  Mr.  Smith. 

D.  McEwen  appears  to  have  been  appointed  principal  of  the  Academy  in  the 
fall  of  1834  and  to  have  taught  two  years,  being  released  in  September,  1836,  at  his 
own  request,  a  resolution  of  the  trustees  expressing  regret  at  his  departure,  and 
their  approval  of  the  "able  manner"  in  which  he  "acquitted  himself,"  and  of  "his 
gentlemanly  deportment  as  a  citizen  amongst  us  for  the  last  two  years."  He  seems 
to  have  been  in  every  respect  a  gentleman,  an  excellent  scholar  and  an  able  teacher. 

In  April,  1836,  Josiah  Emery,  the  former  principal,  was  elected  a  trustee  to 
succeed  Mr.  Alford.  In  1837  James  Kimball  succeeded'  E.  G.  White,  in  July  of 
which  year  Joshua  Sweet  was  appointed  principal,  with  a  salary  of  $150  and  the 
avails  of  tuition,  and  the  school  was  re-opened  August  7,  1837.  Mr.  Sweet  was  very 
popular,  and  at  the  end  of  his  first  year  was  re-employed  at  a  salary  of  $300  in  addi- 
tion to  the  tuition  bills.  When  the  number  of  pupils  exceeded  forty-nine  he  was 
to  employ  a  competent  assistant  and  receive  $100  additional.  The  quarter  was  re- 
duced to  eleven  weeks  and  the  tuition  to  one-half  the  former  rates.  Mr.  Sweet 
afterward  became  an  Episcopal  clergyman;  was  a  missionary  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis- 
consin, in  1852;  Fort  Eidgely  in  1865,  and  at  Glencoe,  Minnesota,  in  1869. 


WBLLSBOBO    (OOKTINUED).  285 


In  1838  Benjamin  B.  Smith  was  elected  a  trustee  to  succeed  Judge  Morris,  then 
serving  in  Congress.  At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  August  7,  1839,  Messrs.  Smith 
and  Kimball  were  authorized  to  employ  some  person  or  persons  to  repair  the 
Academy;  to  repaint  the  outside,  and  also  to  purchase  a  new  bell.  Mr.  Pinkham 
was  employed  as  principal.    He  taught  one  year. 

In  1840  Josiah  Emery  was  elected  president;  Mr.  Donaldson  a  trustee  and 
secretary,  and  Mr.  Kimball  treasurer. 

There  is  a  break  in  the  record  from  July,  1840,  to  April  5,  1841,  but  it  appears 
that  Henry  Booth,  a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  succeeded  Mr.  Pinldiam  as  president. 
The  value  of  his  services  is  attested  by  the  following  resolution,  adopted  by  the 
trustees  April  5,  1841: 

Eesolved,  That  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy  regret  that  the  ill  health  of 
Mr.  Henry  Booth  compels  him  to  leave  the  institution;  that  during  the  time  he  has  been 
with  us  he  has  by  his  gentlemanly  deportment  and  ability  as  a  teacher,  deservedly  se- 
cured the  esteem  of  all  with  whom  he  has  associated. 

This  resolution  was  not  simply  an  unmeaning  compliment.  Mr.  Booth  was 
a  man  of  very  superior  mind.  He  afterwards  studied  law;  entered  into  practice 
in  Towanda;  removed  thence  to  Chicago;  served  as  a  circuit  judge,  and  was  for 
many  years  dean  of  the  faculty  of  the  Union  College  of  Law,  of  that  city.  He 
married  Ellen  Morris,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  W.  Morris,  making  the  third  principal 
of  the  Academy  to  find  a  wife  in  Wellsboro,  James  Lowrey  having  married  another 
daughter  of  Judge  Morris  and  Josiah  Emery  a  daughter  of  John  Beecher. 

July  13, 1841,  Charles  Miner  was  imanimously  elected  principal  of  the  Academy 
to  succeed  Mr.  Booth,  at  a  salary  of  $500,  and  continued  principal  either  fifteen  or 
eighteen  months.  It  was  in  the  fall  or  winter  of  his  second  year  that  the  Academy 
took  fire,  and  had  it  not  been  for  the  most  strenuous  efforts  and  plenty  of  snow,  it 
would  have  been  entirely  consumed.  The  damages  were  settled  at  $175,  and  paid 
by  the  Tioga  County  Mutual  Insurance  Company. 

May  4,  1842,  the  trustees  authorized  the  employment  of  an  assistant  teacher 
"for  the  present  term,"  the  salary  to  be  $25.  During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1843 
the  Academy  was  undergoing  repairs  and  was  not  occupied.  In  the  fall  of  that  year 
Henry  B.  Eockwell  was  employed  to  teach  six  months  at  a  salary  of  $350.  His  term, 
which  began  October  33,  was  afterward  extended  to  one  year. 

January  39,  1844,  Stephen  P.  "Wilson  was  employed  as  an  assistant  in  the 
Academy  for  one  term,  "at  the  price  and  sum  of  $53,  if  employed  the  whole  time; 
but  if  not  employed  but  one  half  of  the  time,  then  the  price  to  be  $10  per  month." 

At  a  trustees'  meeting.  May  17,  1844,  on  motion  of  Judge  Morris,  the  president 
was  authorized  to  employ  Miss  Margaret  Dennis  as  principal  of  the  female  depart- 
ment, at  $3.50  a  week.  Mr.  Nash,  then  stationed  at  Towanda,  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  the  Academy  at  the  close  of  Mr.  Sockwell's  term,  but  declined.  August 
14, 1844,  George  E.  Barker  was  employed  as  an  assistant  to  Mr.  Eockwell,  at  $17  per 
month.    At  the  close  of  Mr.  Eockwell's  year,  the  trustees  adopted  the  following: 

Eesolved,  unanimously,  Tliat  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy  in  parting  with 
Henry  B.  Rockwell,  the  principal  of  the  institution  for  the  past  year,  cannot  do  it  without 
tendering  to  him  the  expression  of  their  kindest  feelings  for  the  singular  ability  with 
which  he  has  managed  the  school,  for  the  high  reputation  it  has  obtained  through  his 
instrumentality,  and  the  universal  satisfaction  be  has  given  to  all  with  whom  he  has 


286  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

been  connected.  In  whatever  walks  of  life  lie  may  hereafter  be  found,  they  most  cheer- 
fully wish  him  success,  and  commend  him  to  the  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  may  be 
associated. 

Resolved,  That  the  above  be  entered  on  the  records  of  the  institution,  and  a  copy 
duly  certified  be  handed  to  Mr.  Kockwell. 

Mr.  Eockwell  was  an  excellent  teacher  and  a  strict  diseiplinaxian.  He  never 
spoiled  a  child  by  sparing  the  rod. 

At  the  election  of  trustees  April  7,  1845,  James  P.  Magill,  editor  of  the  Eagle, 
and  John  C.  Knox,  afterward  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  attorney 
general  of  the  State  were  candidates.  There  were  forty-nine  votes;  but  on  counting 
out  the  votes  they  found  fifty-one — ^twenty-six  for  Magill  and  twenty-five  for  Knox, 
and  not  knowing  any  other  way  of  getting  out  of  the  difficulty  the  election  board 
returned  Mr.  Magill  as  elected.    The  following  is  taken  from  the  minutes: 

May  5,  1845,  trustees  met;  present  Morris,  Kimball,  Emery  and  Nichols.  John  C. 
Knox  and  James  P.  Magill  each  appeared  and  presented  their  claims  as  trustees  of  the 
Wellsboro  Academy. 

On  motion,  the  returns  of  the  election  of  trustees  were  read,  by  which  it  ap- 
peared that  J.  P.  Magill  had  twenty-six  votes  and  John  C.  Knox  twenty-five  votes. 
Mr.  Knox  presented  a  certificate  from  the  judges,  dated  April  21,  1845,  stating 
as  follows: 

We,  the  under.?iifned,  judges  and  clerk,  certify  that  an  election  held  at  the  house 
of  B.  S.  Sayre,  in  Wellsboro,  Monday,  the  7th  of  April,  A.  D.  1845,  for  a  trustee  of  Wells- 
boro AcadcTny,  there  were  forty-nine  legal  votes  given;  that  on  counting  the  ballots  it 
appeared  that  James  P.  Magill  had  twenty-six  and  John  C.  Knox  twenty-fivei — in  all 
fifty-one;  and  John  C.  Knox  having  produced  to  us  satisfactory  evidence  that  a  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  legal  votes  given  were  cast  for  him,  as  appears  by  the  certificate 
hereunto  annexed,  we  therefore  certify  accordingly. 

A.  P.  Cone,  L.   Cleaveland, 

Clerk.  Abel  Steait, 

Judges. 

Then  follows  a  certificate  signed  by  twenty-five  persons,  certifying  that  they 
voted  for  John  C.  Knox.    The  report  then  continues: 

On  motion.  Resolved,  That  Samuel  W.  Morris  and  Josiah  Emery  be  a  committee  to 
investigate  and  report  on  the  late  Academy  election. 

The  meeting  adjourned  to  five  o'clock  p.  m.,  when  the  following  report  waa 
received  from  the  committeee,  Messrs.  Morris  and  Emery: 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  late  election  of  trustee  report  that  they 
have  investigated  the  same  as  fully  as  the  time  allowed  would  permit,  and  find  that  the 
said  election  was  conducted  without  any  regard  to  the  requirements  of  the  by-laws,  and 
is  therefore  void  and  of  no  efEect.  They,  therefore,  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  fol- 
lowing resolution: 

Resolved,  That  an  election  be  held  at  the  house  of  B.  S.  Sayre,  in  Wellsboro,  on. 
Saturday,  the  17th  instant,  between  the  hours  of  1  and  6  p.  m.,  of  which  the  secretary 
is  required  to  give  general  notice. 

The  election  was  held  at  the  appointed  time.  Both  the  old  candidates  were 
dropped  and  Joseph  "W.  Guernsey  was  elected,  receiving  all  but  one  vote. 

Emerson  J.  Hamilton  succeeded  Mr.  Eockwell  in  the  fall  of  1844,  and  taught 


WELLSBOKO    (CONTINUED).  287 


till  the  spring  of  18-19,  nearly  five  years.  Mr.  Hamilton  and  his  wife  were  decidedly 
among  the  most  successful  teachers  the  Wellsboro  Academy  ever  had.  The  school 
under  their  principalship  was  more  popular  and  flourishing  than  under  any  other 
teachers.  It  is  true  they  began  under  very  favorable  circumstances.  Mr.  Eockwell 
had  brought  the  school  under  very  rigid  discipline  by  his  physical  mode  of  govern- 
ment, and  had  beaten  into  the  pupils  a  sense  of  the  beauty  of  good  behavior,  the 
necessity  of  hard  study,  and  a  realization  of  the  value  of  good  recitations  as  a  protec- 
tion against  the  hard  knocks  of  school  life.  And  the  pupils  were  thus  eminently 
prepared  for  an  entirely  new  mode  of  governing  a  set  of  boys  and  girls  at  school. 
It  did  not  take  them  long  to  understand  the  practical  difference  between  physical 
government  and  moral  government;  to  know  the  difference  between  fear  and 
enforced  respect,  and  love  with  involuntary  respect. 

Mr.  Hamilton's  school  became  at  once  very  popular.  The  principal  and  his 
wife,  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  female  department,  inspired  at  once  respect,  confi- 
dence and  affection,  and  all  over  the  country  are  now  men  and  women  who  look  back 
to  the  time  they  were  students  under  the  Hamiltons  as  among  the  happiest  years 
of  their  lives.  Some  of  the  results  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hamilton's  teaching  may  be 
thus  referred  to  as  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  old  Academy. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees,  July  31,  1845,  an  appropriation  of  $100  was  made 
for  the  purchase  of  philosophical  apparatus.  Further  appropriations  were  made, 
as  the  final  cost  of  the  apparatus  was  nearly  $300,  so  willing  were  the  trustees  to 
encourage  not  only  the  teachers  but  the  pupils. 

On  November  18,  1845,  the  board  adopted  a  resolution  that  a  catalogue  of  the 
students  of  the  Academy  for  the  last  year  should  be  published.  This  was  the  first 
catalogue  authorized'  since  the  foundation  of  the  school,  and  there  are  men  to-day 
who  would  pay  three  times  a  reasonable  price  for  a  copy,  as  a  souvenir  of  the  pleasant 
days  spent  within  the  walls  of  the  institution.  On  the  same  day  a  resolution  was 
adopted  requesting  the  treasurer  to  prepare  and  present  to  the  next  meeting  "a  full 
and  complete  statement  of  all  bonds  and  mortgages  in  his  hands,  with  the  amount 
due  thereon,"  also  to  procure  a  book  "in  which  individual  debtor's  accounts  and  all 
further  payments"  should  be  kept.  This  resolution  revealed  the  fact  that  no  finan- 
cial account  prior  to  1840  could  be  found.  The  date  of  the  beginning  of  the 
treasurer's  term  was  changed  to  the  beginning  of  the  year,  and  Benjamin  B.  Smith 
chosen  for  the  ensuing  year.  The  president — Judge  Morris — ^was  requested  to  invite 
Eev.  Mr.  Breek,  Eev.  Mr.  Calkins,  Eev.  Mr.  Cochran,  William  Garretson,  Dr.  Say- 
nisch  and  Dr.  Parkhurst  to  visit  the  Academy  at  the  closing  exercises  of  the  quarter 
and  by  their  presence  encourage  the  pupils. 

In  April,  1846,  William  Baehe,  Jr.,  was  elected  a  trustee,  his  father,  who  had 
served  for  many  years  on  the  board,  having  died  in  1844.  In  this  year  an  addition 
was  built  to  the  back  of  the  Academy,  the  contract  being  taken  by  Messrs.  Sturroek 
&  Culver  for  $380.     Under  date  of  August  2, 1847,  the  record  contains  the  following: 

Trustees  met;  present  Bache,  Donaldson  and  Nichols.  James  Lowrey  was  ap- 
pointed trustee  to  fill  the  place  of  S.  W.  Morris,  deceased.  James  Lowrey  elected  presi- 
dent, L.  I.  Nichols  secretary,  and  B.  B.  Smith  treasurer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hamilton  appear  to  have  terminated  their  connection  with  the 
Academy  in  March,  1849.    Their  influence  on  society  in  Wellsboro  and  on  the 


288  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

students  under  their  charge,  was  all-po-werful  and  far-reaching,  and  although  nearly 
half  a  century  has  passed  since  their  departure  from  the  school,  their  names  are  still 
held  in  grateful  remembrance. 

H.  "VV.  Thorp,  the  next  principal,  remained  but  a  short  time,  and  was  succeeded 
in  1850  by  Andrew  Upson,  who  taught  about  a  year  and  a  half,  his  successor  being 
Samuel  C.  Hosford,  who  remained  two  years.  Then  followed  Mr.  Eeynolds,  John 
B.  Cassoday,  who  taught  a  few  weeks,  and  John  A.  Broadhead,  whose  stay  was  also 
short. 

The  minute  book  of  the  trustees  shows  the  following  entry  under  date  of  Decem- 
ber 13,  1857: 

Mr.  S.  B.  Elliott  presented  a  plan  for  the  proposed  new  Academy,  which,  the  Board 
accepted,  and  on  motion  of  E.  G.  White,  Mr.  Elliott  was  employed  to  prepare  building 
plans  and  specifications  for  the  proposed  new  Academy  at  the  price  of  $50  for  the  whole. 

During  the  years  1857-58  a  strong  desire  was  manifested  to  build  a  new  and  a 
better  Academy  building  on  a  new  and  a  better  site,  and  the  employment  of  Mr. 
Elliott  to  prepare  plans  and  specifications  had  that  end  in  view.  The  movement, 
however,  met  with  strong  opposition  on  the  part  of  a  number  of  citizens.  The  plans 
and  specifications  were  made  out  and  the  matter  agitated  until  1859,  when  it  was 
dropped,  Mr.  Elliott  in  the  meantime  having  been  paid  the  $50  promised  him. 

The  following  appears  in  the  minute  book  of  the  trustees  under  date  of  January 
18,  1859: 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy  at  the  store  of  C.  &  J.  L. 
Eobinson,  it  was  resolved  that  the  paper  marked  A,  purporting:  to  be  the  assignment  of 
the  interest  that  the  respective  members  of  the  order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  had 
in  the  funds  of  said  society  to  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy,  be  placed  on  file 
as  part  of  the  proceedings  and  action  of  said  board. 

On  motion,  it  was  further  resolved  that  the  vouchei's  in  the  hands  of  J.  E.  Donaldson, 
assigned  by  said  paper  marked  A,  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  of  the  said 
Academy,  and  that  a  statement  of  the  names  of  the  persons  against  whom  the  claims 
are,  the  amount,  etc.,  be  also  placed  on  file. 

At  a  meeting  held  March  30,  1859,  the  treasurer,  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  was 
instructed  "to  collect  the  balance  of  interest  now  due  on  bonds  and  judgments  in 
favor  of  the  Academy;"  also  "the  balance  due  on  subscriptions  for  repairing  the 
Academy."  At  this  meeting,  also,  Mr.  Donaldson  handed  over  the  vouchers  for  the 
claims  assigned  by  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  a  full  statement  of  the  same  was 
entered  on  the  record.  The  principal  amounted  to  $513.49.  On  this  various  pay- 
ments had  been  made,  but  not  enough  to  cover  the  interest.  At  the  time  of  the 
assignment  the  fund  assigned  could  not  have  been  less  than  $575;  but  whatever 
the  amount  was  it  went  finally  into  the  Wellsboro  common  school  fund. 

Mr.  Broadhead's  successor  as  principal  was  L.  E.  Burlingame,  who  took  charge 
in  the  winter  or  spring  of  1858  and  remained  until  the  fall  of  1859.  He  was  a  good 
teacher,  but,  like  some  of  his  predecessors,  was  a  strong  believer  in  the  use  of  the 
birch. 

On  January  31,  1860,  the  number  of  school  terms  was  changed  to  three  of 
fourteen  weeks  each,  and  M.  N".  Allen  was  employed  as  teacher  and  continued  till 
September,  1863,  when  he  resigned. 


#^/^.^^- 


WELLSBOEO  (oontintjed)  .  289 


In  February,  1861,  John  N.  Bache  was  elected  treasurer  in  place  of  Mr.  Smith, 
who  had  served  continuously  since  January,  1846. 

Judson  Allen,  a  brother  of  M.  N.  Allen,  finished  the  term,  in  which  his  brother 
had  taught  two  weeks,  September  23, 1863.  The  nest  teacher  waa  Benjamin  Eglin, 
a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  and  highly  recommended  by  Mr.  Coboum,  the  state 
school  superintendent.  He  commenced  November  30,  1863,  and  taught  two  terms, 
receiving  $40  per  term  and  the  avails  of  tuition.  He  was  succeeded  by  John  B. 
Grier,  A.  B.,  of  Danville,  who  was  elected  president  in  1864.  Mr.  Grier  taught  two 
terms  of  fourteen  weeksveach,  and  three  weeks  on  a  third  term,  and  resigned  May 
25,  1865.  The  secretary  was  at  once  authorized  to  employ  a  new  principal  and  to 
put  the  Academy  in  full  repair,  which  was  done.  The  fall  term  opened  September 
7,  with  the  following  faculty:  Eev.  D.  D.  Van  Allen,  A.  B.,  principal;  Miss  S.  A. 
Van  Allen,  preceptress;  Miss  Fannie  J.  Holland,  vice-preceptress;  Mrs.  Mary 
Bryden,  teacher  of  drawing  and  painting;  Mrs.  Juliet  Sherwood  and  Miss  H.  W. 
Todd,  teachers  of  vocal  and  instrumental  music.  Although  their  names  appear  on 
the  catalogue,  it  is  due  to  Mrs.  Bryden,  Mrs.  Sherwood  and  Miss  Todd  to  say  that 
they  were  only  nominally  connected  with  the  Academy,  permitting  their  names  to  be 
used  as  a  matter  of  courtesy,  but  teaching  at  their  own  homes,  independent  of  Mr. 
Van  Allen. 

In  May,  1866,  the  trustees  adopted  resolutions  complimenting  Professor  Van 
Allen  and  his  assistants  on  their  success  in  conducting  the  school  and  expressing 
an  earnest  desire  that  they  remain  another  year. 

In  October,  1867,  F.  D.  Hodgson  took  charge  as  principal,  remaining  one  year, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  A.  Stone,  now  a  member  of  Congress  from  Alle- 
gheny county.  He  taught  two  terms.  In  September,  1869,  a  contract  was  made 
with  Mr.  Hunt  to  teach  during  the  ensuing  year.  He  remained  two  terms  and  then 
engaged  in  preaching.  This  closed  the  Academy.  For  forty-five  years,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  brief  interruptions,  it  had  been  maintained  as  a  classical  school, 
numbering  among  its  principals  many  men  afterwards  notable  as  educators,  lawyers, 
ministers  and  pubUc  officials.  Its  influence,  always  for  good,  still  endures.  It  did 
much,  not  only  for  the  intellectual  life  of  Wellsboro,  but  for  its  moral  betterment. 
It  passed  away  only  when  the  spirit  in  favor  of  a  higher  education,  which  it  had 
fostered  and  strengthened,  took  a  new  direction  and  devoted  itself  to  the  better 
upbuilding  of  the  common  schools  of  the  borough,  which,  as  at  present  conducted, 
fill  the  place  it  occupied  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

On  Fovember  21,  1871,  Josiah  Emery  resigned  as  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  and  John  E.  Bowen  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

In  his  reminiscences  of  the  Academy  Mr.  Emery  informs  us  that  after  the  adop- 
tion of  the  common  school  system  it  soon  became  apparent  that  it  would  be  a  difficult 
matter  to  sustain  an  Academy  in  such  a  village  as  Wellsboro  without  a  very  large  fund 
on  the  interest  of  which  to  draw,  and  a  high  standard  of  instruction,  especially  when 
the  common  schools  are  so  well  managed  as  they  are  in  Wellsboro.  Long  previous  to 
1870  the  subject  of  uniting  with  the  common  school  system  and  establishing  a  first- 
class  High  School,  under  the  joint  direction  of  the  directors  and  trustees,  had  been 
suggested;  but  this  project  was  deemed  injudicious  as  well  as  impracticable,  and  it 
was  finally  decided  by  the  trustees  that  the  best  thing  that  could  be  done  was  to 

19 


290  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

transfer,  under  certain  conditions,  the  whole  Academy  fund,  together  with  the 
Academy  building  and  land,  to  the  Wellsboro  school  district,  to  be  made  the  founda- 
tion of  a  High  School  wholly  under  the  control  of  the  directors.  A  bill  was  accord- 
ingly drawn  and  presented  to  the  legislature  at  the  session  of  1870,  and  it  passed 
finally  April  6  of  that  year. 

It  authorized  the  transfer,  by  assignment  or  delivery,  of  "all  articles  of  personal 
property,  including  moneys,  bills,  notes,  mortgages.  Judgments,  or  other  evidences 
of  debt  due  and  belonging  to  said  Wellsboro  Academy,  to  the  school  district  of  said 
borough  of  Wellsboro,  and  to  transfer  by  deed  of  quit  claim  or  other  sufficient 
conveyance  all  real  estate  belonging  to  said  Wellsboro  Academy  to  the  said  school 
district."  It  also  provided  that  all  the  property,  money,  bonds,  etc.,  should  be  used 
"to  defray  current  expenses  of  the  schools  in  said  district,"  and  that  the  "real  estate 
shall  not  be  disposed  of,  or  principal  reduced,  except  for  the  erection  of  new  or  the 
enlargement  of  the  present  graded  or  union  school  buildings." 

It  was  furthermore  provided  that  upon  the  conveyance  of  the  property  it  "shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  school  directors  to  provide  one  or  more  additional  departments 
in  the  school  in  which  the  higher  English  branches,  mathematics  and  the  lan- 
guages may  be  taught,  and  provide  a  competent  teacher  therefor."  The  directors 
were  also  authorized,  "at  their  option,"  to  admit  into  the  school  pupils  who  may 
reside  outside  the  limits  of  the  district  and  charge  therefor  such  rates  of  tuition  as 
they  may  adopt. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  was  held  in  the  First  Ifational  Bank, 
of  Wellsboro,  October  23,  1877.  There  were  present  J.  E.  Bowen,  president;  Wil- 
liam Bache,  treasurer;  H.  W.  Williams,  secretary,  and  J.  L.  Robinson.  At  this 
meeting  the  following  preamble  and  resolution  were  adopted  unanimously: 

Whereas,  The  school  district  of  Wellsboro  has  complied  with  the  provisions  of  the 
Act  of  Assembly  relating  to  the  organization  of  a  graded  school  in  said  borough,  by  the 
erection  of  a  suitable  building  and  the  employment  of  a  sufficient  number  of  competent 
teachers  for  the  instruction  of  the  pupils,  so  as  to  be  entitled  to  a  conveyance  of  the  real 
estate  held  and  owned  by  the  said  Wellsboro  Academy,  therefore, 

Kesolved,  That  the  president  and  secretary  be  directed  to  execute  and  deliver  to  the 
school  district  of  Wellsboro  a  deed  by  which  the  title  of  the  said  Wellsboro  Academy  to 
the  lot  and  buildings  owned  and  lately  occupied  by  them  as  and  for  an  Academy  shall 
be  released  and  quit-claimed  by  the  said  Wellsboro  Academy  to  the  said  school  district 
of  Wellsboro;  and  tliat  said  deed  be  further  attested  by  its  execution  by  such  of  the 
trustees  as  are  still  resident  in  the  county. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  be  authorized  and  directed  to  deliver  the  books  and 
papers  in  his  hands  to  the  school  directors  of  said  borough  for  safe  keeping  whenever 
the  deed  shall  be  delivered  and  the  property  of  said  Academy  transferred  to  the  said 
school  district. 

Adjourned  to  meet  on  call  of  the  chair. 

H.  ^.  Williams, 
Secretary. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  in  1817  the  Wellsboro  Academy  secured  from  the 
State  an  appropriation  of  $3,000,  which  was  to  "be  placed  in  some  productive  fund 
or  funds,  and  the  increase  thereof  applied  in  aid  of  other  resources,  to  compensate  a 
teacher  or  teachers  of  said  Academy."  The  Academy  fund  was  also  increased  by  some 
$500,  a  donation  from  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  making  in  all  at  least  $2,500.  This 
sum  was  loaned  out  to  different  parties,  in  larger  or  smaller  sums,  from  $600  down 


WELLSBOKO     (OONTINTJED).  291 


as  low  as  $10.  It  was  frequently  changing  hands,  being  paid  in  and  re-loaned;  and 
yet  from  1817,  when  the  $3,000  were  received  from  the  State,  to  May  19, 1873,  when 
the  Academy  funds  were  paid  over  to  the  Wellsboro  school  district,  not  one  cent  was 
ever  lost  or  squandered.  "All  loans,"  Mr.  Bache,  the  treasurer,  afterwards  said,  "were 
fully  paid;  nothing  was  lost,  from  the  beginning  down,"  a  period  of  fifty-six  years. 
This  speaks  well  for  the  administration  of  the  fund  committed  to  the  trustees  for 
the  benefit  of  the  school.  But  this  is  not  all.  The  fund,  including  the  Sons  of 
Temperance  fund,  was  increased  to  $3,252,  and,  adding  the  avails  of  the  sale  of  the 
Academy  building  and  lot,  to  $3,853,  which  have  been  received  from  the  Academy 
by  the  school  district.  The  transfer  was  a  judicious  act  on  the  part  of  the  trustees 
and  was  generally  approved  by  the  people. 

The  old  Academy  accomplished  great  good  in  its  time  and  did  much  in  mould- 
ing the  character,  both  moral  and  intellectual,  of  its  pupils.  It  exercised  a  strong 
influence  over  those  who  passed  through  its  portals,  and  was  not  only  beneficial  to 
the  people  in  whose  midst  it  was  located,  but  to  those  of  the  surrounding  country. 
The  healthy  influence  which  it  wielded  is  plainly  seen  to  this  day  in  the  cultured 
and  vigorous  men  and  women  who  are  now  the  old  and  the  middle-aged;  and  all 
will  recur  with  pride  to  the  memories  of  the  old  Academy  on  the  hill. 

In  1881  the  Academy  and  lot  were  purchased  by  Kev.  John  C.  McDermott  and 
the  building  was  remodeled  and  turned  into  a  Catholic  church.  It  is  still  used  by 
that  denomination. 

COMMON  SCHOOL  SYSTEM  ADOPTED. 

The  common  school  law  of  Pennsylvania,  approved  April  1,  1834,  among  other 
things,  provided  for  the  election,  on  the  third  Friday  in  September,  1834,  of  school 
directors  in  the  various  townships  of  the  different  counties,  and  that  the  directors 
should  meet  in  their  respective  townships  and  boroughs  within  ten  days  after  their 
election,  and  organize  in  the  manner  set  forth  in  the  provisions  of  the  act.  It  was 
also  provided  that  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  JSTovember,  a  convention  composed  of  the 
county  commissioners  and  one  delegate  from  each  township  and  borough  school 
board  should  meet  at  the  court  house  in  each  county,  to  decide  whether  or  not  a  tax 
should  be  levied  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  public  schools  in  the  several 
townships  and  the  amount  of  money  to  be  thus  raised,  etc. 

In  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  law,  an  election  was  held  in  the 
several  townships  and  boroughs  of  Tioga  county  and  school  directors  elected,  and 
their  names  reported  to  the  court  of  quarter  sessions.  In  Wellsboro  the  following 
named  directors  were  elected:  Ellis  M.  Bodine,  John  P.  Donaldson,  Jonah  Brewster, 
David  Caldwell,  Levi  I.  Nichols  and  Josiah  Emery.  In  casting  lots  for  the  length 
of  their  respective  terms,  Messrs.  Mchols  and  Emery  drew  the  short  term,  lasting 
until  the  next  February,  when  they  were  both  elected  for  a  full  term  of  three  years. 
At  a  meeting  held  in  March,  1835,  Mr.  Bodine  was  elected  president,  and 
Mr.  ISTichols  secretary  of  the  board. 

On  Tuesday,  November  5,  1834,  the  county  convention,  provided  for  in  the 
law,  met  in  the  court  house  in  Wellsboro,  and  was  composed  of  Amariah  Hammond, 
Chauncey  Alford  and  George  Knox,  county  commissioners,  and  the  following  dele- 
gates  from    the  various  township  school  boards:     Brookfield,  Jonathan  Bonney; 


292  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

Chatham,  Henry  Eaton;  Charleston,  Cyrus  Dartt;  Covington  township,  Avery 
Gille'tt;  Covington  borough,  John  Gray;  Deerfield,  James  Knox;  Farmington, 
Jonathan  Sorber;  Jackson,  Norman  Wells;  Lawrence,  Buel  Baldwin;  Liberty, 
John  Levegood;  Mansfield,  William  B.  Mann;  Middlebury,  Israel  P.  Kinney; 
Morris,  Charles  DufEy;  Eutland,  Peter  Backer;  Shippen,  George  Huyler;  Sullivan, 
David  Hazzard;  Tioga,  Joseph  W.  Guernsey;  Union,  Charles  0.  Spencer;  Westfield, 
Samuel  Baker;  Wellsboro,  Josiah  Emery.  Delmar  and  Elkland  were  not  repre- 
sented. The  former,  however,  was  so  closely  identified  with  the  interests  of  Wells- 
boro that  it  might  be  called  an  integral  part  thereof. 

The  convention  organized  by  electing  those  old  pioneer  teachers  ajid  friends  of 
education,  Chauncey  Alford,  president,  and  Josiah  Emery,  secretary.  It  was  a 
memorable  meeting,  because  its  action  was  to  mark  the  beginning  of  a  new  epoch  in 
the  educational  affairs  of  Tioga  county.  The  question  of  levying  a  tax  for  the 
support  of  the  common  schools  of  the  county  was  decided  in  the  affirmative  by  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  twenty  township  delegates  and  the  three  county  commis- 
sioners. Out  of  this  number  sixteen  voted  for  raising  $3,000  and  seven  for  various 
other  sums.  The  vote,  therefore,  authorized  $3,000  to  be  levied  and  collected. 
This  was  the  first  apportionment  of  money  made  by  Tioga  county  for  the  beginning 
of  the  common  schools.  By  comparing  this  sum  with  the  amount  of  school  tax  laid 
for  1895 — $88,657.30 — we  are  enabled  to  judge  of  the  progress  made  in  education 
in  sixty  years. 

The  amount  of  tax  laid  in  those  days  was  small.  One  of  the  first  levies  for 
school  purposes  was  fixed  at  one-third  of  one  per  cent.  The  highest  tax  levied  was 
against  Samuel  Wells  Morris,  $6.54.  He  owned  more  real  estate  than  any  other 
resident  of  the  town.  William  Bache's  tax  then  was  $1.98.  His  brothers,  John  N. 
and  Laugher  Bache,  then  single  men,  paid  seventeen  cents  each.  Several  others 
paid  the  same.  Forty  years  afterward  William  Bache  paid  $335,  and  his  brothers 
were  required  to  pay  dollars  where  cents  had  once  sufficed. 

Chauncey  Alford,  who  presided  over  the  convention,  was  early  identified  with 
the  cause  of  education.  It  is  a  matter  for  regret  that  so  little  of  his  personal  history 
has  been  preserved.  It  is  probable  that  he  was  a  New  Englander  by  birth  and  came 
to  Wellsboro  early  in  the  century,  for  it  is  shown  that  he  was  one  of  the  early  teachers 
in  the  Quaker  Meeting  House,  and  in  1833  he  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Academy. 
That  he  was  a  man  of  some  standing  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  he  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1827;  and  during  the  great  slave  chase  in  the  winter  of  1839 
he  was  deputy  sheriff,  made  the  arrest  of  the  slaves  and  took  them  before  Judge 
Kilbum,  at  Lawreneeville.  In  1833  he  was  elected  county  commissioner  and  served 
a  term  of  three  y§ars.  He  lived  for  a  long  period  in  Wellsboro,  and  later  on  the 
Locke  farm  for  some  time.  Tradition  says  that  he  was  a  "clever,  social,  upright, 
honest  man." 

Miss  Lydia  Lock  was  the  first  teacher  employed  under  the  new  system  in 
Wellsboro,  and  Mary  E.  Nichols  was  the  second.  This  was  before  a  school  house 
was  built.  The  wages  these  early  teachers  received  was  small  compared  with  the 
salaries  of  to-day.  As  a  curiosity  the  following  minute  relating  to  the  employment 
of  Miss  Nichols  is  copied  from  an  old  school  record: 


WELiiSBOEO  (continued).  293 


Minute  of  agreement  made  with  Mary  E.  Nichols,  December  5,  1836.  Said  Mary  E. 
Nichols  is  to  commence  school  December  5,  1836,  and  to  teach  twelve  or  sixteen  weeks, 
find  her  own  room,  firewood  and  board,  for  which  said  Mary  E.  N.,  is  to  receive  $3.00 
per  week.     Directors  to  be  at  the  expense  of  stove  and  fitting  room  with  benches,  etc. 

No  elegant  brick  school  houses  existed  then,  fitted  up  in  first-class  style,  and 
equipped  with  all  the  appliances  to  facilitate  the  work  of  instruction.  The  female 
teachers  of  to-day,  surrounded  with  all  the  comforts  and  conveniences,  have  but  to 
carry  their  imagination  back  to  that  time  and  contemplate  Mary  B.  Nichols  in  her 
humble  school  room,  laboring  for  $3.00  a  week  and  "find  her  own  room,  firewood  and 
board,"  to  convince  themselves  of  the  progress  that  has  been  made  in  threc'-score 
years,  and  that  they  are  peculiarly  blessed  that  they  did  not  live  in  her  day  and 
generation. 

FIKST  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  BUILDING. 

On  March  11,  1835,  David  Caldwell,  Josiah  Emery  and  James  Kimball  were 
chosen  a  building  committee,  it  having  been  agreed  that  the  directors  raise  a  sum  of 
money  by  subscription  for  building  a  school  house.  The  subscription  paper  read 
as  follows,  and  sounds  strangely  when  contrasted  with  the  method  of  building  public 
school  houses  to-day; 

We,  the  undersigned,  promise  to  pay  to  Jonah  Brewster,  David  Caldwell,  E.  M.  Bo- 
dine,  J.  E.  Donaldson,  L.  I.  Nichols  and  Josiah  Emery,  the  several  sums  affixed  to  our 
namies,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  school  house  in  the  borough  of  Wellsboro;  said 
house  to  belong  to  the  subscribers,  in  the  proportion  of  the  sums  subscribed,  but  to 
be  under  the  control  of  the  school  directors  for  the  year  to  come,  and  to  be  let  for  the 
purpose  of  a  school,  at  a  reasonable  rate.  And  we  hereby  agree  to  sell  to  the  said 
borough  the  house  after  its  completion,  at  the  first  cost,  should  the  directors  pass  a 
vote  at  a  legal  school  meeting  to  purchase  the  same.  The  house  is  to  be  placed  as  near 
the  center  of  the  town  as  circumstances  will  admit,  to  be  finished  as  soon  as  convenient, 
and  the  said  sums  of  money  payable  on  demand. 

The  school  house  was  built  of  logs  and  served  the  purpose  for  which  it  was 

designed,  until  it  was  forced  to  give  way  by  the  march  of  improvement.     Erastus 

P.  Deane,  who  became  prominent  as  a  surveyor,  was  one  of  the  first  male  teachers 

employed.     On  November  30,  1835,  he  was  engaged  to  teach  for  five  months  at  a 

salary  of  $16  per  month.     The  subsequent  year  he  was  again  employed.     When  the 

new  log  school  house  was  completed  he  was  engaged,  November  7,  1836,  to  teach 

for  five  months  at  a  salary  of  $38  per  month,  a  great  advance  over  the  price  previously 

paid  him;   but  it  was  stipulated  in  the  contract  that  he  was  to  board  himself  and 

"be  to  the  expense  of  firewood  and  chopping  the  same."     "Good  exercise,"  it  will 

be  remarked  by  some;  but  to-day  it  would  be  a  strange  spectacle  to  see  the  male 

teachers  of  Wellsboro  engaged  in  chopping  wood  for  the  school  house.     In  those 

days  it  was  the  custom  for  the  teacher  and  larger  boys  to  chop  the  wood,  which  was 

generally  delivered  in  long  pieces  by  order  of  the  directors.     As  times  advanced 

the  teacher  usually  "shirked"  that  duty  by  assigning  the  "larger  boys"  to  perform 

the  chopping  act.     This  was  the  practice  for  many  years,  but  now  it  has  almost 

entirely  disappeared,  except  in  some  of  the  remote  rural  districts,  where  coal  cannot 

be  obtained,  or  the  board  of  directors  feel  too  poor  to  employ  some  one  to  "cut  up" 

and  store  the  fuel. 

While  the  Academy  was  in  existence  more  attention  was  given  to  it  than  to  the 


294  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


village  school  under  the  comnioii  school  system;  but  when  the  managers  of  the  insti- 
tution "on  the  hill"  decided  to  wind  up  the  school  and  transfer  their  money  and 
property  to  the  free  schools,  a  new  impetus  was  given  the  latter.  The  action  which 
led  to  this  conclusion  is  set  forth  in  the  closing  part  of  the  history  of  the  old 
Academy. 

LATEH   BUILDINGS    AND    TEACHERS. 

As  early  as  March  7,  1860,  the  school  district  had  purchased  of  Laugher  Bache 
a  lot  on  the  east  corner  of  Pearl  and  JSTorris  streets,  and  soon  after  erected  thereon 
the  primary  school  building.  During  the  years  1869  and  1870  proceedings  were 
had  by  which  the  Academy  property  was  turned  over  to  the  school  district,  aad 
in  the  fall  of  1870  Prof.  A.  C.  Winters  was  engaged  to  teach  at  a  salary  of  $1,600 
per  year,  and  three  assistants  were  also  employed.  This  forms  a  striking  contrast 
with  the  salary  of  Mr.  Deane  only  thirty-four  years  before.  The  schools  steadily 
increased.  In  1871  eight  teachers  were  employed  and  477  pupils  were  on  the  rolls. 
In  1873  there  were  530  pupils  in  attendance,  but  the  number  of  teachers  remained 
the  same. 

This  rapid  increase  in  the  number  of  pupils  made  it  apparent  to  the  people 
as  well  as  the  board  of  education  that  the  time  had  come  for  enlarged  facilities  by 
the  erection  of  an  additional  building.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  court  house  to 
discuss  the  question  and  speakers  were  emphatic  in  their  utterances  that  action 
should  be  taken.  Public  sentiment  was  speedily  aroused  and  in  accordance  with 
popular  expression  the  school  board  purchased  a  lot  and  erected  thereon  a  sub- 
stantial building  which  cost,  with  the  furnishing,  $33,500.  The  dedication  of  this 
btdlding,  which  took  place  August  20, 1875,  was  an  event  of  no  ordinary  importance 
for  the  town  and  called  forth  a  large  attendance.  In  honor  of  the  event  addresses 
were  made  by  Eev.  JST.  L.  Edwards,  James  H.  Bosard,  Esq.,  Hon.  Henry  W.  Williams, 
Eev.  J.  P.  Calkins,  Hon.  Stephen  P.  Wilson,  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Mies,  Kev.  Dr. 
Charles  Breck,  and  others.  They  all  congratulated  the  citizens  of  Wellsboro  on 
the  auspicious  event,  and  the  advancement  in  the  cause  of  education. 

In  order  to  complete  the  historical  record  it  must  not  be  omitted  to  state  that 
the  school  board  under  whose  administration  the  building  was  erected  was  con- 
stituted as  follows:  President,  John  W.  Bailey;  treasurer,  William  Bache;  secre- 
tary, James  H.  Bosard;  Jerome  B.  Potter,  Hugh  Young,  Chester  Eobinson  and 
Jerome  B.  Mies. 

In  1894,  in  order  to  meet  the  demand  for  additional  room,  a  new  primary 
school  building,  costing  $13,000,  was  erected  on  the  lot  adjoining  the  High  School 
building  on  the  southeast.  This  was  a  large,  two-story  "brick  veneer"  edifice, 
ventilated  by  the  Smead  system,  and  furnished  with  the  latest  improved  desks  and 
school  apparatus.  On  the  night  of  August  28,  1896,  this  building  was  destroyed 
by  fire.  The  school  board  immediately  resolved  to  rebuild  in  accordance  with  the 
old  plans,  and  the  new  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  January  1,  1897. 

The  borough  schools  are  in  excellent  condition.  They  comprise  two  school 
buildings,  with  twelve  school  rooms  and  twelve  teachers — two  males  and  ten 
females — the  average  pay  per  month  of  the  former  being  $96.78,  and  of  the  latter 
$43.30.  The  graded  schools  were  organized  and  the  first  principal  appointed  in  1870. 
This  position  has  been  filled  as  follows:    A.  C.  Winters,  A.  M.,  1870-73;  P.  M.  Edick, 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  295 

1873-77;  E.  Francis,  1877-79;  Henry  E.  Eaesly,  A.  M.,  1879-90;  James  B.  Hastings, 
A.  M.,  1890-92;  A.  Frank  StaufEer,  A.  M.,  1893-96,  and  Daniel  Fleisher,  A.  M., 
Ph.  D.,  the  present  incumbent,  who  took  charge  in  September,  1896. 

The  number  of  pupils  registered  in  June,  1896,  were  as  follows:  Males,  353; 
females,  337.     Total,  689. 

WILLOW    HALL    SCHOOL. 

In  1891,  during  the  rectorship  of  Eev.  A.  W.  Snyder,  an  affort  was  made  by  a 
few  of  the  leading  members  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  church  and  other 
citizens  to  establish  a  school  for  girls,  with  the  purpose,  if  sufEcient  support  were 
given  the  enterprise,  of  making  it  a  permanent  boarding  school.  With  this  end  in 
view,  William  Bache  and  John  L.  Eobinson  purchased  the  building  on  Central 
avenue,  since  known  as  Willow  Hall,  and  deeded  it  to  St.  Paul's  church.  A  school  was 
opened  with  Miss  Mary  H.  Burrows  as  preceptress  and  was  continued  for  two  years. 
The  number  of  those  who  felt  able  to  send  their  children,  and  pay  tuition  in  addition 
to  their  public  school  taxes,  was  too  limited  to  make  the  school  self-sustaining.  The 
burden  of  the  financial  support,  therefore,  fell  on  a  few,  whose  liberality  had  already 
been  heavily  taxed,  and  they  declared  that  they  could  not  become  personally  respon- 
sible for  a  constantly  recurring  deficit.  The  school  was  accordingly  closed,  and  the 
building,  which  is  still  church  property,  is  used  for  meetings  of  the  guild,  the  sewing 
society  and  for  sociables,  etc.  At  the  present  time  a  kindergarten  school  is  carried 
on  in  it  by  Miss  May  Bennett. 


CHAPTEE  XIX. 

WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED). 

The  Old  Quaker  Meeting  House-St.  Paul's  Peotbstant  Episcopal  Church- 
Rev.  Charles  Breck,  the  Pioneer  Pastor-The  Work  He  Accomplished- 
The  Presbyterian  Church-Rev.  J.  P.  Calkins'  Long  Pastorate-His 
Semi-Centbnnial  Address— First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  — Rev 
Caleb  Boyer-The  First  Class  — Church  Organized  —  Fhist  Baptist 
Church— Its  Organization  and  Later  History— St.  Peter's  Roman  Cath- 
olic   Church  — The    Free    Will    Baptist    Church  —  Cemeteries— Socie- 

TIBS— WELLSBOROUGH'S  MILITARY  BAND. 


WHEN  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  laid  out  Wellsboro,  in  the  very  beginning  of  this 
century,  there  was  no  church  or  organized  religious  denomination  in  this  part 
of  the  country.  Mr.  Morris  and  his  wife— Mary  Wells,  after  whom  he  named  the 
town— were  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  generally  known  as  Quakers,  as  were, 
also,  all  the  leading  members  of  the  land  company.  Eealizing  the  importance  of 
having  a  religious  organization  in  his  new  settlement,  Mr.  Morris  determined  to 
build  a  church.  There  were  few  people  to  attend  it,  and  his  wife  was  the  first  and 
only  female  resident  of  the  new  town  at  that  time;  but  if  they  had  a  church,  he 


296  HISTOET   OP   TI0GA   COUNTY. 

argued,  it  would  bring  the  surrounding  settlers  together  occasionally,  and  be  instru- 
mental in  promoting  their  welfare. 

The  church  was  constructed  of  logs,  which  were  hewed  on  one  side  and  dove- 
tailed together  at  the  corners,  and  stood  facing  the  square  on  the  rear  of  the  lot 
now  occupied  by  the  law  of&ces  of  Sherwood  &  Owlett.  The  first  buildings  erected 
by  the  early  settlers  were  generally  made  of  round  logs,  and  were  known  as  cabias. 
The  hewed  log  building  belonged  to  what  might  be  denominated  the  secondary  or 
advanced  stage  of  architecture,  and  was  regarded  as  a  great  improvement  over  the 
cabin  style,  just  as  the  modern  cottage  house  of  to-day  is  considered  an  improve- 
ment over  the  square  frame,  or  box  house,  of  forty  years  ago,  without  porches  or 
projecting  windows,  halls,  or  any  internal  conveniences  whatever. 

The  Quaker  Meeting  House,  therefore,  was  the  finest  building  in  the  settlement 
and  attracted  attention  from  fax  and  near.  Its  exact  size  is  not  given  in  any  of  the 
early  records,  but  tradition  says  it  was  sixteen  by  twelve  feet. 

When  completed  there  were  no  ministers  to  hold  stated  meetings,  but  Mr. 
Morris,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  officiated  himself  occa- 
sionally, or  when  the  spirit  prompted  him  to  act.  His  wife  was  very  active  as  a 
member  and  did  much  towards  keeping  the  church  together.  There  was  a  large 
settlement  of  Quakers  at  what  is  now  known  as  Pennsdale,  in  Lycoming  county. 
There  a  log  Quaker  church  had  been  built  as  early  as  1791  or  1792,  and  was  the 
first  of  the  kind  in  this  part  of  the  State.  As  the  Morris  and  Ellis  families  had 
become  related  by  marriage,  there  was  frequent  communication  between  them,  and 
the  Quakers  of  Mimcy  valley  aided  the  church  at  Wellsboro.  And  through  the 
sympathy  and  moral  support  of  the  latter,  ministers  of  high  standing  occasionally 
made  the  toilsome  journey  over  the  State  road  from  Ifewberry  to  hold  meetings  at 
the  little  log  church  in  the  wilderness. 

'Twas  only  just  a  little  churcli  'way  out  there  in  the  pines, 
Where  you  hear  the  thrushes  singin'  an'  the  blooms  are  on  the  vines; 
Where  the  wildwood  roses  clustered  with  daisies  white  as  snow, 
An'  the  brown  bees  bent  the  blossoms  in  the  days  of  long  ago. 

'Twas  only  just  a  little  church,  without  these  steeples  high, 
That  seemed  to  touch  the  windows  of  the  blue  and  bendin'  sky; 
No  style  at  all  about  it,  an'  all  the  week  so  still — 
With  only  just  the  bird  songs  an'  the  rattle  o'  the  rill. 

The  Quaker  Meeting  House  was  often  used  for  other  than  religious  purposes, 
for  we  are  informed  that  the  first  meeting  of  the  commissioners  was  held  there 
October  8,  1808,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing. 

After  the  death  of  the  founder  and  his  wife  the  Quaker  church  went  iato 
decline,  and  as  the  membership  decreased  it  soon  ceased  to  exist.  The  descendants 
of  Mr.  Morris  drifted  into  the  Episcopal  church,  and  other  denominations  soon 
sprung  up.  The  old  building  stood  as  a  landmark  for  many  years  and  was  pointed 
to  with  pride  by  the  early  settlers.  It  was  still  standing  after  1830,  but  in  such  a 
crumbling  condition  that  it  was  soon  afterwards  torn  down  to  make  room  for  more 
modem  improvements. 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  297 


ST.  Paul's  peotestant  episcopal  chukch. 
This  is  the  oldest  existing  religious  organization  in  Wellsboro.  According  to 
the  records,  the  first  Episcopal  service  was  held  in  the  court  house,  Wednesday, 
August  23, 1838,  by  Eev.  Charles  Breck,  then  in  deacon's  orders,  who  had  arrived  in 
Wellsboro  the  day  before.  At  that  time  there  was  no  church  building  in  the  borough, 
the  old  Quaker  Meeting  House  having  either  been  dismantled  or  so  far  fallen  into 
decay  that  it  could  not  be  used. 

It  is  said  that  the  lack  of  religious  interest  at  this  time  led  a  number  of  the 
leading  citizens  to  call  a  piiblic  meeting  to  consider  what  was  best  to  be  done.  The 
Quaker  church  had  so  few  followers  that  it  had  no  longer  an  organization,  and  as 
the  population  of  the  borough  and  the  surrounding  country  was  gradually  increasing, 
it  was  evident  that  something  must  be  done  to  foster  a  greater  religious  interest.  The 
question  was  to  whom  they  should  apply  for  a  minister.  The  choice  was  between  the 
Presbyterians  and  the  Episcopalians;  and  as  there  was  a  sentiment  in  favor  of  the 
latter  on  the  part  of  the  prominent  citizens  present,  the  meeting  decided  to  try  and 
secure  a  minister  of  that  denomination.  A  committee  consisting  of  James  Lowrey 
and  Joshua  Sweet  was  appointed  and  instructed  to  proceed  and  carry  out  the  wishes 
of  the  meeting.  Not  understanding  diocesian  boundaries,  the  committee  addressed 
their  first  application  to  the  Eev.  Eichard  Smith,  rector  of  the  church  in  Elmira. 
He  informed  them  that  as  their  territory  belonged  to  the  diocese  of  Pennsylvania, 
they  should  apply  to  Bishop  Onderdonk,  of  Philadelphia,  for  instruction.  A  letter 
was  accordingly  forwarded  to  the  bishop,  who  transmitted  it  to  Mr.  Breck,  then  a 
student  in  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  New  York,  who  was  so  impressed 
with  the  application  that  he  hastened  to  their  assistance. 

On  visiting  the  principal  families  of  the  village,  after  his  arrival,  Mr.  Breck  failed 
to  find  a  single  communicant  and  he  was  almost  discouraged.  In  the  whole  town 
there  were  less  than  half  a  dozen  professed  Christians,  notwithstanding  one  of  the 
best  academies  in  northern  Pennsylvania  had  flourished  there  for  many  years.  This 
seems  almost  incredible,  and  it  can  only  be  accounted  for  on  the  ground  of  the  isola- 
tion of  the  place  and  its  primitive  condition. 

Mr.  Breck  saw  an  excellent  field  before  him  for  missionary  labor  and  he  addressed 
himself  to  the  work.  The  second  Sunday  after  his  arrival  he  was  met  at  the  door  of 
the  coTirt  house  by  the  deputy  sheriff,  who  informed  him  that  the  authorities  had 
decided  not  to  permit  the  building  to  be  further  used  for  religious  meetings.  This  was 
a  surprise,  but  it  did  not  discourage  the  young  minister.  He  withdrew  to  the  school 
house  near  by  and  held  religious  services,  and  in  that  building  he  ofBeiated  for  some 
time  afterward,  until  the  upper  part  of  the  Academy  was  prepared  with  a  vestry  room, 
desks,  seats  and  a  small  organ,  kindly  loaned  for  the  use  of  the  congregation  by  Levi 
I.  Nichols,  who  also  served  as  organist  for  many  years.  The  infant  church,  of  course, 
labored  under  great  disadvantages  from  the  fact  that  the  people  were  nearly  all 
ignorant  of  the  Episcopal  liturgy  and  oflices;  and  it  is  probable,  too,  that  there  were 
some  prejudices  that  had  to  be  overcome. 

But  the  seed  had  been  sown.  On  October  30,  1838,  about  two  months  after 
Mr.  Breck's  arrival,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  office  of  James  Lowrey  and  a  parish 
was  organized,  by  the  adoption  of  the  form  of  charter  recommended  by  the  con- 
vention of  the  diocese;    and  at  the  same  time  and  place  wardens  and  vestrymen 


298  WELi-SBOKO  (continued). 


were  elected  as  follows:  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  Leyi  I.  Nichols,  Dr.  Otis  L.  Gibson, 
Joshua  Sweet  (afterward  a  clergyman  of  the  church),  James  Lowrey,  and  John  L. 
Eobinson.  On  application  to  the  legislature  the  parish  was  duly  incorporated  under 
the  name  of  the  rector,  wardens  and  vestrymen  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Wellsboro. 

A  thorough  organization  having  been  efEected,  the  next  step  was  to  erect  a  church 
building.  The  work  was  undertaken  and  such  good  progress  was  made  that  on 
April  15, 1839,  the  corner  stone  was  laid,  and  on  the  first  of  the  following  December 
the  building  was  occupied  for  the  first  time  as  a  place  of  worship.  It  was  consecrated 
September  12, 1841,  Bishop  Onderdonk  officiating.  It  was  a  modest  building,  cost- 
ing only  $3,000,  but  it  answered  the  purpose.  The  organ,  blinds  and  chairs  cost 
about  $400.  Galleries  were  afterward  erected  at  an  expense  of  $667.  Including  the 
cost  of  the  bell,  the  sum  total  for  completing  the  church  edifice,  furnishing,  etc.,  was 
about  $4,065. 

This  was  a  great  triumph  for  the  young  rector,  who  had  commenced  his  labors 
under  discouraging  conditions.  Mr.  Breck  continued  as  rector  for  ten  years,  resign- 
ing in  1848.  When  he  terminated  his  labors  with  the  parish  the  names  of  the  vestry- 
men were:  James  Lowrey,  Samuel  Dickinson,  William  Bache,  and  James  P.  MagUl; 
and  of  the  wardens:  Dr.  Otis  L.  Gibson  and  John  L.  Eobinson.  During  the  rector- 
ship of  Mr.  Breck,  Judge  Samuel  W.  Morris  generously  donated  the  parish 
the  site  of  the  present  rectory.  At  the  time  of  Mr.  Breck's  resignation  the  number 
of  communicants  was  ninety.  Of  these  twelve  were  originally  Episcopalians,  eight 
came  from  the  Methodists,  fifteen  from  the  Quakers,  thirty-one  from  the  Presbyte- 
rians, ten  from  the  Congregationalists,  eight  from  the  Baptists,  and  six  from  the 
Unitarians.  Mr.  Breck  took  charge  of  the  Sunday-schools  himself,  and  when  he 
retired  there  were  three,  numbering  150  scholars. 

After  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Breck  in  1848  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Eev.  A.  A. 
Marple,  who  was  called  by  the  vestry  and  took  charge  of  the  parish  October  1st,  of  that 
year.  The  rectory  was  built  in  1850  and  occupied  in  July  of  that  year.  It  cost  $1,300 
and  afforded  a  comfortable  residence  for  the  rector  and  his  family. 

After  a  ministry  of  more  than  fourteen  years,  Mr.  Marple  resigned  and  removed 
from  Wellsboro  in  1863.  Between  the  years  1863  and  1873  the  parish  was  in  charge  of 
Eevs.  George  H.  Jenks,  Henry  J.  Van  Allen,  J.  B.  Calhoun,  John  A.  Bowman,  and 
S.  K.  Karcher.  Then,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  parish,  Eev.  Charles  Breck, 
D.  D.,  returned  and  took  charge  in  December,  1873.  He  had  been  gone  twenty-four 
years,  almost  a  quarter  of  a  century!  His  return  to  the  church  he  had  founded 
nearly  thirty-five  years  before  was  the  cause  of  a  happy  reunion — a  reunion  in  which 
rector  and  communicants  joined  in  the  most  refreshing  and  loving  manner. 

During  the  year  1873  the  old  rectory,  built  in  1850,  was  sold  and  removed  and  a 
new  one  erected  at  a  cost  of  $7,000.  It  was  much  more  comfortable  than  the  old 
one,  as  well  as  a  credit  to  the  parish.  Sheds  were  put  up  at  the  rear  of  the  church 
and  a  new  bell  purchased.  Dr.  Breck  remained  as  rector  until  1884,  when  he  again 
resigned  and  made  a  trip  to  Europe,  having  in  the  meantime  lost  his  wife  by  death. 
After  his  return  from  abroad  he  officiated  for  a  short  time  at  Scranton  and  then  at 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  when  he  retired  from  active  work.  His  death  occurred  at 
Barrytown,  on  the  Hudson,  June  12,  1891.  His  second  wife,  Mai-y,  daughter  of 
Judge  Williston,  survived  him  and  resides  in  Wellsboro. 


WELLSBOKO    (CONTINUED).  299 


When  Dr.  Breck  resigned  in  1848  he  took  charge  of  a  church  at  Eockdale,  Dela- 
ware, where  he  remained  seYeral  years.  He  was  then  called  to  the  rectorship  of 
Trinity  Church,  Wilmington,  which  he  held  for  twelve  years,  and  then  went  to 
Cleyeland,  where  he  remined  three  years,  returning  to  Wellshoro  in  1873. 

The  ancestors  of  Dr.  Breck  belonged  in  New  England  and  were  identified  with 
the  Eevolution.  His  parents  having  settled  in  or  near  Philadelphia  our  subject  was 
born  there.  He  received  a  good  education,  entered  the  ministry,  as  already  stated, 
and  commenced  his  career  at  Wellsboro  by  founding  the  Episcopal  church  in  1838. 
His  exact  age  is  unknown,  but  is  supposed  to  have  been  between  seventy-five  and 
seventy-seven  years.  He  had  four  children  by  his  first  marriage,  but  they  are  all  de- 
ceased. 

Eev.  W.  G.  Ware  succeeded  Dr.  Breck,  taking  charge  of  the  parish  September  1, 
1884.  He  remained  as  rector  until  April  30,  1889,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a 
call  elsewhere.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Eev.  A.  W.  Snyder  August  1,  1890,  who  re- 
mained until  February  15,  1894.  .The  present  rector,  Eev.  William  Heakes,  came 
June  15, 1894. 

St.  Paul's  is  steadily  gaining  in  strength.  The  communicants  number  about  300; 
the  Sunday-school  comprises  135  scholars.  The  rector  serves  as  superintendent. 
There  are  about  500  volumes  in  the  library. 

As  the  old  church  had  become  too  small,  the  vestry,  in  December,  1895,  purchased 
part  of  the  Bingham  lot,  on  the  corner  of  Pearl  and  Charles  streets,  near  the 
present  church  edifice.  The  price  paid  was  $3,000.  In  January,  1897,  from  eight 
bids  submitted,  for  erecting  the  new  church  edifice,  the  vestry  accepted  that  of 
the  Wellsboro  Building  and  Manufacturing  Company.  The  new  church  will  stand 
on  the  corner  of  Pearl  and  Charles  streets,  facing  the  public  square,  and  is  to  be  con- 
structed of  Antrim  stone.  The  main  building  will  consist  of  a  nave  and  transepts 
with  two  vestibules  in  front  and  a  broad  choir  and  chancel  at  the  rear.  The  west  cor- 
ner will  be  marked  by  a  large  battlemented  tower  69  feet  high,  and  at  the  south- 
western side  will  be  clustered  the  vestry,  sacristy,  two  choir  rooms  and  a  chapel  or 
assembly  room.  The  style  of  the  edifice  will  be  what  is  known  as  Eomanesque,  all  the 
arches  being  semi-circular,  and  the  walls  are  to  be  laid  in  random  courses,  there  being 
few  horizontal  lines.  It  is  expected  that  the  building  will  be  completed  before  the 
close  of  1897.  The  cost  will  be  about  $30,000.  The  Bingham  office,  which  occupied 
the  lot  for  many  years,  has  been  removed  immediately  north  of  its  old  site.  Besides 
affording  the  congregation  a  comfortable  and  commodious  house  of  worship,  the  new 
edifice  will  be  a  notable  addition  to  the  architecture  of  the  borough. 

THE    PEESBYTEEIAN    CHUECH    OF    WELLSBOEO. 

This  church  was  organized  February  11,  1843.  There  was  no  church  edifice  at 
that  time  and  meetings  were  held  in  the  court  house.  Eev.  Thomas  Foster  supplied 
the  pulpit  a  year  and  gathered  a  membership  in  Wellsboro  and  at  Pine  Creek,  now 
Ansonia,  of  about  thirty  persons.  Mr,  Foster  was  a  son  of  General  Foster,  of  Harris- 
burg,  and  was  received  into  the  church  September  4,  1834.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Dickinson  College,  Carlisle. 

After  Mr.  Poster's  retirement,  in  1844,  the  members  of  the  Wellsboro  church 
requested  Eev.  S.  J.  McCuUough,  of  Lawrenceville,  to  write  to  the  faculty  of  Auburn 
Theological  Seminary  to  send  them  one  of  their  young  men  of  the  class  that  was 


300  WELLSBOKO    (CONTINUED). 


to  graduate  that  year  to  fill  their  pulpit.  In  accordance  with  that  request  Eev.  J.  F. 
Calkins  came  to  Wellsboro  in  May,  1844.  He  had  graduated  from  Union  College  in 
1841  and  then  had  become  a  student  at  Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  During  the 
summer  vacation  he  preached  in  Wellsboro,  and  so  well  pleased  were  the  members  of 
the  church  with  him,  that,  after  his  graduation  in  August,  they  extended  a  call  to  him 
and  he  was  duly  installed  pastor  in  September,  haying  charge  of  the  church  in  Wells- 
boro and  at  what  is  now  Ansonia. 

Mr.  Calkins  was  a  zealous  and  hard  working  minister.  For  nine  years  he  held 
services  in  the  court  house  and  steadily  increased  the  membership.  As  the  congrega- 
tion was  small,  sufficient  means  could,  not  be  secured  for  several  years  to  build  a 
church.  The  pastor,  however,  labored  zealously  to  raise  funds  to  erect  a  building.  A 
lot  was  secured  at  the  comer  of  Main  and  Norris  streets  and  preparations  made  to 
build.  Lumber  and  other  materials  were  collected,  but  disaster  overtook  them.  The 
lumber  was  destroyed  by  fire,  the  outlook  became  discouraging,  and  for  a  time  all  work 
was  suspended.  But  that  great  philanthropist,  William  E.  Dodge,  of  New  York, 
learning  of  the  misfortune,  promptly  telegraphed  the  officials  of  the  church:  "Buy 
10,000  feet  of  seasoned  lumber  and  send  me  the  bill."  They  at  once  took  courage, 
lumber  was  procured,  the  work  went  on  and  the  building  was  completed  and  dedicated 
in  1854.  It  cost  $4,600  and  was  regarded  as  a  great  improvement  for  the-time.  Mr. 
Dodge  donated  the  bell  and  it  is  still  doing  service.  His  lumbering  interests  were 
great  in  Tioga  county  in  early  times,  but  he  was  ever  the  friend  and  patron  of  church 
organizations  and  aided  more  than  any  other  person  in  this  section  of  the  State. 

The  first  elders  of  the  church — those  who  shared  in  the  trials  and  tribulations 
of  Mr.  Calkins — were  S.  P.  Scoville,  Chauncey  Austin  and  W.  W.  McDougall.  They 
were  devout  men  and  their  memories  are  fondly  cherished.  On  February  18,  1847, 
the  Presbyterian  church  and  congregation  of  Wellsboro  was  incorporated  by  act  of 
the  legislature. 

Under  the  fostering  care  of  Mr.  Calkins  the  church  steadily  grew  in  strength, 
and  in  1872  the  congregation  felt  able  to  enlarge  and  otherwise  improve  the  building. 
This  was  done  at  an  expense  of  about  $2,500.  With  these  improvements  the  congre- 
gation were  content  for  many  years.  Mr.  Calkins  resigned  in  1879,  after  having  been 
in  continuous  service  as  pastor  for  the  long  period  of  over  thirty-five  years. 

The  church  celebrated  its  fiftieth  anniversary  February  11, 1893.  The  occasion 
was  unusually  interesting  and  the  ceremonies  were  deeply  impressive;  made  more 
so,  perhaps,  by  the  presence  of  Mr.  Calkins,  and  the  historical  address  which  he 
read  while  seated  in  a  chair.  As  that  address  gives  a  full  history  of  how  the  church 
was  founded,  and  relates  his  trials  and  tribulations  during  his  long  pastorate,  the 
material  portions  are  given  herewith: 

The  Society  of  Friends,  or  Quakers,  we  believe,  have  the  honor  of  holding  the  first 
public  religious  services  in  this  village  at  the  advent  of  the  Morris,  Bache  and  Norris 
families.  About  this  same  time  that  missionary  hero.  Elder  Sheardown,  made  excur- 
sions here  and  down  Babb's  creek  and  up  and  down  Pine  creek,  and  left  his  disciples 
behind  him.  The  Methodists  gathered  a  little  band,  inspired  by  the  mother  of  the 
Coolidges,  and  were  the  first  to  organize  and  claim  the  regular  services  of  a  minister. 
The  Protestant  Episcopalians,  in  1838,  came  next  with  their  zelous  rector,  Rev.  Charles 
Breck,  who  came  to  stay  ten  years. 

The  church  buildings  at  Ansonia  erected  by  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company,  and  at  Wells- 


WELLSBOEO    (OONTINTJED)  .  301 


boro,  by  the  Episcopal  and  Methodist  churches,  were  all  built  within  the  same  five  years, 
preceding  1841,  I  think. 

The  history  of  the  Presbyterian  church  may,  for  the  convenience  of  this  narrative, 
be  divided  into  periods  of  ten  years  each — five  in  all.  With  these  decades  I  am  connected 
with  only  about  three  and  a  half. 

The  Ansonia  house  of  worship  was  for  three  or  four  years  literally  a  church  without 
a  bishop.  Dr.  Breck  preached  there  occasionally.  So  did  a  Mr.  Pinkham,  whom  I  never 
saw.  Meanwhile  Mr.  Dodge,  of  New  York  City,  and  Eev.  S.  J.  McCullough,  of  Lawrence- 
ville,  had  been  looking  for  a  minister. 

How  came  this  church  to  organize  fifty  years  ago  ?  Some  one  on  the  ground  and 
not  far  away  must  move  in  the  matter.  Who  gathered  the  nucleus  here  ?  It  was  a 
woman,  of  course,  and  that  woman  was  Mrs.  Dr.  Curtis  Parkhurst,  of  Lawrenceville.  He 
resided  here  temporarily  as  the  sheriff  of  the  county.  She  gathered  the  names  of  those 
preferring  our  type  of  worship  in  this  town  and  Ansonia,  and  sent  for  her  minister  in 
LavsTenceville  to  weld  them  into  a  church.  The  next  thing  was  a  minister,  and  how  did 
they  get  him  ? 

The  sheriff  had  to  report  quite  often  to  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  so  he  reported 
there  the  want  of  a  minister  for  the  Presby1;erian  church  of  Wellsboro.  The  result  was 
the  coming  of  a  young  man,  son  of  an  elder  of  the  Market  Square  church,  of  Harris- 
burg,  a  Eev.  Mr.  Foster.  He  stayed  less  than  a  year  and  left  before  I  came.  I  never  saw 
him.  *  *  *  How  came  they  by  their  second  minister?  I  was  at  the  time  a,  senior 
in  Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  The  spring  vacation  of  1844  was  soon  to  commence. 
Dr.  Dickinson,  one  of  the  professors,  came  to  my  room  one  day  with  a  letter  asking  him 
to  send  a  minister  to  Wellsboro.  I  hailed  from  Corning,  the  nearest  town  to  Wellsboro 
of  any  of  the  undergraduates — hence  his  application  to  me.  He  directed  me  to  call  on 
Eev.  Mr.  McCullough,  of  Lawrenceville,  for  an  introduction  to  Wellsboro.  I  did  so,  and 
he  brought  me  up,  twenty-five  miles,  to  Wellsboro.  W^e  arrived  after  dark  on  a  Friday 
night  and  found  lodgings  in  a  little  old  house  and  a  little  seven  by  nine  bedroom,  aban- 
doned by  Dr.  Gibson  and  rented  by  Israel  Eichards,  on  the  corner  where  Hon.  Jerome  B. 
Niles  now  lives. 

On  awakening  the  next  morning  I  reviewed  the  landscape  o'er  and  wondered  how 
we  got  into  this  tunnel  at  the  foot  of  these  hills.  After  breakfast  I  told  him  to  take  me 
out  as  quick  as  he  could.  He  would  not  do  it,  but  introduced  me  to  a  few  families  and 
then  went  back  to  tend  his  own  sheep.  I  was  taken  over  to  Ansonia  Saturday  night,  and 
preached  there  Sabbath  morning  and  in  the  court  house  here  in  the  afternoon,  and  so 
continued  for  four  weeks,  going  back  to  Auburn  $50  richer  than  when  I  came.  *  *  » 
So  when  a  call  reached  me  in  the  course  of  my  last  term  in  the  Seminary,  engineered  by 
Eev.  Mr.  McCullough,  I  accepted  it.  Began  services  September  8,  1844;  was  soon  or- 
dained and  installed,  and  on  the  8th  of  October  was  married  and  brought  my  wife  from 
Geneva  here  the  same  week,  not  losing  a  Sabbath  for  such  business  as  that. 

Then  Wellsboro  had  a  population  of  400.  There  was  a  mail  twice  a  week  via  stage 
from  Covington,  and  once  a  week  via  horseback  from  Coudersport.  *  *  *  When 
we  came  it  was  a  difficult  question  where  we  could  live.  We  boarded  a  few  weeks  in  two 
different  places.  Commenced  keeping  house  in  the  front  part  of  what  is  now  the  Ens- 
worth  house.  The  parlor  was  our  kitchen  and  dining  room;  the  hall  our  pantry  and 
cellar  way;  the  front  chamber  was  our  bed  room,  study  and  reception  room;  the  little 
bed  room  over  the  hall  was  our  guest  chamber.  We,  after  the  first  year,  rented  a  little 
house  on  Main  street  not  far  from  the  present  Converse  block.  That  was  owned  by  Mary 
Gorrie,  a  milliner,  before  she  married  Peter  Green.  Then  we  moved  to  a  little  house  on 
the  corner  of  the  lot  where  Mr.  Converse  now  lives,  then  owned  by  Mr.  Norris;  and  we 
shall  never  forget  the  formidable  document  drawn  up  as  a  lease  in  a  most  beautiful  hand- 
writing with  all  the  provisos  and  guards  against  injuring  the  rickety  shanty. 

Here  we  began  to  agitate  the  question  of  a  parsonage.  From  the  four  points  of  the 
compass  I  pressed  the  subscriptions,  scarcely  $50  in  cash,  but  in  work,  digging,  hauling, 
timber,  boards,  plank,  carpenter  and  mason  work.  The  lime  was  hauled  from  near 
Williamsport.    Mr.  Bache  gave  the  lot,  and  all  the  subscriptions  of  different  kinds  were 


302  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY 

estimated  at  $600.  But  the  parsonage  I  would  have,  and  I  built  it.  When,  six  years  after 
this,  we  began  to  agitate  the  question  of  a  church,  I  bought  the  society's  half  of  the 
parsonage  and  secured  the  lot  upon  which  the  church  stands,  paying  $700  for  it. 

The  services  during  the  whole  of  the  first  decade  were  held  in  the  court  house.  The 
order  was,  in  the  morning  at  Ansonia;  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  preaching  in  the  court  house;  3 
p.  m.,  Sunday-school;  evening,  some  school  house  in  the  country.  The  amount  of  secular 
and  missionary  work  I  undertook  this  first  decade  seems  to  me  at  this  period  of  life  the 
height  of  imprudence.  «  *  »  My  parish  extended  west  to  Coudersport,  east  to 
Covington,  north  to  the  Cowanesque,  south  to  Williamsport;  and  when  I  got  there  I 
challenged  Drs.  Sterling,  of  Williamsport,  and  Stevens,  of  Jersey  Shore,  to  meet  me  half 
way,  for  there  were  souls  perishing  all  along  the  line. 

It  was,  I  think,  the  last  year  of  this  decade  that  I  rode  over  to  Pine  Creek  through 
a  deep  snow  one  Sabbath  morning  to  preach.  There  were  not  half  a  dozen  at  church. 
Once  before  there  were  but  two.  My  horse  was  blanketed  and  tied  to  the  fence.  I  prayed 
and  preached  and  shut  the  Bible.  I  knew  there  vrere  probably  within  two  miles  of  me 
two  hundred  persons  in  houses  and  lumber  camps.  I  told  the  few  that  were  before  me, 
I  could  not  stand  it.  I  then  said,  "I  will  preach  in  this  house  every  night  this  week." 
There  were  three  times  as  many  there  Monday  evening  as  there  were  on  the  Sabbath. 
Soon  the  house  was  full.  The  next  Sabbath  I  gave  the  same  notice.  And  so  it  continued 
for  six  weeks.  I  always  drove  home  every  night,  sometimes  not  reaching  it  till  12  o'clock, 
and  it  was  one  of  the  coldest  winters  I  ever  knew.  Some  of  the  incidents  of  that  series 
of  meetings  I  shall  never  forget.  The  church  there  took  on  a  new  life  that  lasted  for 
years. 

Mr.  .Ensworth  had  frequently  suggested  the  practicability  of  building  a  church.  But 
one  thing  is  sure;  if  I  had  not  had  a,  friend  at  court  in  UTew  York  City,  the  attempt 
would  have  been  an  utter  failure.  I  dreaded  again  making  myself  a  hewer  of  wood  and 
a  drawer  of  water,  as  I  had  done  in  the  building  of  the  parsonage.  I  began  with  pushing 
subscriptions  for  the  purpose.  In  the  church  there  was  but  one  man  that  could  subscribe 
$100.  In  applying  to  Mr.  Clymer,  he  said:  "If  you  can  get  five  men  to  subscribe  $100  each, 
I^will  be  the  sixth."  Peter  Green  and  Robert  Campbell  were  the  last  two  men  to  make 
up  the  five;  and  so  I  had  the  six  hundred  to  storm  the  MalakhofE.  The  other  subscrip- 
tions were  in  smaller  amounts  and  for  materials  and  work. 

There  were  then  no  such  plans  available  for  churches  as  are  now  so  abundant.  I 
visited  far  and  near  to  find  such  a  church  as  I  thought  we  wanted.  I  turned  myself  into 
an  architect,  and  have  often  since  said  if  the  Lord  would  forgive  me  for  planning  this 
church  I  would  never  do  so  again.  But  the  sin  of  it,  like  the  sin  of  the  older  fathers, 
must  be  laid  at  the  doors  of  the  age  in  which  we  lived  as  well  as  on  the  head  of  the 
builder.  Nevertheless,  I  built  as  well,  if  not  better,  than  I  knew.  Every  dollar  that  went 
into  it,  every  foot  of  lumber,  every  contract  for  work,  the  burning  of  the  kiln  of  our  best 
lumber  just  as  the  carpenters  had  the  frame  enclosed — if  I  do  not  know  how  much  brain 
and  brawn  it  cost,  who  does  ? 

The  next  morning  after  our  lumber  was  burned,  I  do  not  know  whether  Tatnai  and 
Shethar-boznai,  the  Apharsachites,  rejoiced,  but  I  do  know  our  feeble  folk  were  sad.  I 
preached  on  the  following  Sabbath  on  the  text,  "Though  I  fall  sometimes,  I  shall  rise 
again,"  and  Monday  morning  I  wrote  Mr.  Dodge  of  the  sermon  and  the  occasion  lor  it. 
The  answer  came,  "Purchase  10,000  feet  of  seasoned  lumber  anywhere  you  can  find  it, 
and  send  the  bill  to  me."  It  was  done  and  our  faces  were  glad.  *  »  *  Mr.  Dodge 
gave  us  the  bell.      Who  rang  it?     *    *    * 

In  the  previous  decade,  unknown  to  myself,  I  had  been  chosen  by  the  board  of  school 
directors  of  Tioga  county,  at  a  meeting  held  at  the  court  house,  to  inaugurate  the  county 
superintendency  of  schools  for  three  years.  I  was  afterwards  appointed  by  the  governor 
of  the  State  to  supplement  the  term  of  a  superintendent  whose  health  had  failed — mak- 
ing five  years  of  service  in  this  direction.  This  sent  me  galloping  all  over  the  county  to 
every  school  house,  and  landing  in  Wellsboro  on  Saturday  to  occupy  the  pulpit  on  the 
Sabbath.  Do  you  wonder  at  the  patience  of  this  people  with  their  pastor  ?  Yet  this  par 
tience  was  to  be  more  severely  tried. 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  393 


In  the  winter  of  1863  there  was  an  epidemic  of  diphtheria  throughout  this  region.  In 
two  months  I  had  attended  the  funerals  of  more  than  thirty  persons.  I  waked  up  one 
morning'with  the  disease  fastened  on  myself.  I  had  two  funeral  engagements  that  day, 
and  I  sent  a  boy  on  my  horse  to  notify  the  afQicted  families. 

I  arose  from  that  sickness  weak  and  worthless.  I  had  held  from  Governor  Curtin  for 
several  months  a  commission  as  chaplain  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers.  As  soon  as  I  was  able  to  preach  I  occupied  the  pulpit,  resigned  the  pas- 
torate, told  them  that  I  should  start  that  week  for  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  The 
church  protested,  said  I  would  die  if  I  went.  I  was  more  afraid  I  would  die  if  I  stayed. 
I  went  in  May  and  stayed  till  the  end  of  the  war. 

A  Eev.  Mr.  Boggs,  who  was  engaged  to  supply  the  pulpit,  had  left  home  before  my 
return.  My  resignation  was  not  accepted.  By  solicitation  of  the  ofScers  of  the  church 
I  resumed  the  service  with  increased  love  of  pastor  and  people  for  each  other  and  the 
name  of  Christ.  *  *  »  The  outside  work  of  the  pastor  in  the  care  and  labor  for 
other  churches  had  grown  very  much  for  years  past.  This  must  be  attributed  mainly  to 
the  unusual  continuance  of  the  pastorate.  Calls  to  funerals  and  to  settle  difficulties  in 
churches;  and  more  agreeable  but  not  less  laborious  ones — weddings,  and  to  assist  pas- 
tors in  and  outside  the  Presbytery  on  occasions  of  more  than  usual  religious  in- 
terest. 

Only  seven  years  of  this  period  [1873-83]  did  I  remain  in  Wellsboro.  It  had  become 
the  custom  in  this  place,  and  quite  generally  throughout  our  country,  to  manifest  the 
irenic  disposition  of  Christian  churches,  to  unite  in  union  services  every  night  for  the 
first  week  in  January.  If  the  occasion  warranted  it,  these  services  were  continued  in 
very  happy  Christian  fellowship  for  a  longer  time.  The  Evangelical  Alliance,  interna- 
tional, had  first  suggested  this  good  way.  *  *  *  It  was  the  union  services  of  this 
year  that  issued  in  the  largest  ingathering  at  any  one  time  in  the  history  of  the  church 
— eighty  persons  joined.     *    *    * 

In  November,  1877,  our  home  was  again  sadly  shadowed  by  the  death  of  the  pastor's 
wife.  It  was  after  a  most  painful  sickness  of  over  two  years,  under  the  care  of  many 
physicians.  She  was  taken  to  the  seashore  and  returned  as  far  as  Brooklyn,  whence  I 
received  a  telegram  to  come  to  her.  There,  alone  with  her  husband  in  the  dark  watches 
of  the  night,  her  sufferings  ceased,  we  trust,  forever.  »  *  *  But  the  shock  to  the 
pastor's  nervous  system,  the  insomnia  that  preceded  and  followed  this  dark  day,  doubt- 
less tinged  his  ministry  and  judgment  more  than  he  knew.  And  to  the  parish  this  was 
probably  more  apparent  than  to  himself;  and  they  with  all  the  memories  of  his  ministry 
before  them  were  better  judges  than  himself.  It  was  only  two  years  after  this  the  clock 
struck  and  the  pastorate  ended  in  its  thirty-sixth  year. 

There  is  a  tinge  of  pathos  in  the  closing  sentences  of  this  grand  old  minister's 
story  of  his  long  pastorate  in  Wellsboro,  which  brings  to  mind  many  pleasant  memo- 
ries of  his  long  and  useful  career.  After  bidding  farewell  to  the  scenes  of  his  years 
of  labor  he  was  not  forgotten.  To  use  his  own  language:  "The  same  kind  provi- 
dence, through  a  classmate  in  Auburn  Theological  Seminary,  sent  the  old  minister 
to  a  church  and  people  and  a  country  so  beautiful  and  restful  that  he  could  sleep  all 
his  worries  away."  This  was  at  the  beautiful  village  of  Avon,  Livingston  county, 
New  York,  where  he  labored  nearly  ten  years  longer,  and  "there  by  the  blessing  of 
God  his  ministry  still  bore  fruit  in  his  old  age."  He  then  retired  to  Geneva,  where 
fifty  years  before  he  commenced  his  studies  for  the  ministry,  and  resided  there  with 
his  two  daughters — Mrs.  Clara  Meigs  and  Mrs.  Stella  Torrence — until  his  death, 
November  7,  1893.  As  he  was  born  March  37, 1816,  he  passed  away  in  the  seventy- 
eighth  year  of  his  age.  His  remains  were  brought  to  Wellsboro  and  laid  by  the 
side  of  his  wife,  who  died  in  November,  1877.  Visitors  to  the  Wellsboro  Cemetery 
will  find  in  the  eastern  part  a  rough,  undressed  sandstone  rock,  standing  on  end. 


304  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA    COTJNTT. 

with  the  name,  "Calkins/'  carved  upon  it,  which  marks  his  resting  place.  This 
rough  stone  was  selected  by  himself  in  life,  and  is  typical  of  his  rugged  Christian 
character.  In  the  same  lot  is  a  finely  polished  gi-anite  tablet  which  not  only  bears 
his  name  and  the  dates  and  places  of  his  ministry,  but  the  names  of  his  wife  and 
child.     The  dates  of  their  birth  and  death  are  also  inscribed  thereon. 

A   NEW   EPOCH. 

In  1880  the  congregation  united  in  a  call  to  the  Eev.  A.  C.  Shaw,  D.  D.,  to 
succeed  Mr.  Calkins.  Dr.  Shaw  was  born  in  the  city  of  Eochester.  His  collegiate 
education  was  attained  at  the  Eochester  University,  and  his  theological  at  Auburn 
Theological  Seminary.  He  entered  the  ministry  in  1864.  He  was,  therefore,  at 
the  time  of  his  coming  to  this  church,  in  the  prime  of  life.  He  was  possessed  of  an 
easy  and  attractive  manner,  socially,  and  of  more  than  ordinary  gifts  as  a  preacher. 
He  at  once  endeared  himself  to  his  people  and  to  the  community,  and  has  continued 
to  serve  them  down  to  the  present  day  with  general  acceptability  and  usefulness. 
The  church  has  grown  in  membership  and  activity.  Its  organization,  religious  and 
charitable,  has  been  perfected,  and  its  interest  in  the  general  work  of  the  denomina- 
tion has  been  increased,  until  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  efficient  churches  in  this 
region. 

The  observance  of  the  semi-centennial  anniversary  marked  the  beginning  of 
a  new  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  church.  On  this  occasion  the  project  of  erecting 
a  new  building  took  form.  The  old  structure  had  become  too  small.  Generous  offers 
of  assistance  made  by  two  or  three  members  of  the  society  aroused  others  to  make 
responsive  efforts,  and  in  a  very  short  time  the  voltmtary  contributions  warranted 
the  undertaking  of  the  enterprise.  The  last  service  was  held  in  the  old  church  on 
Sunday  evening,  April  15, 1894.  That  house  of  worship  was  endeared  to  the  people 
by  the  struggles  and  sacrifices  involved  in  its  erection  and  they  were  loth  to  see  it 
demolished.  But  it  had  served  its  day,  and  it  was  torn  down  and  on  Wednesday, 
April  25,  1894,  the  ground  was  broken  for  the  new  stone  church.  On  Friday,  June 
8th,  the  comer-stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  The  plan  for  the  new 
building  was  furnished  by  Culver  &  Hudson,  architects,  of  Williamsport.  The  work 
went  on  steadily  without  interruption  until  it  was  completed  and  the  beautiful 
structure  furnished  in  modern  style  throughout.  Competent  judges  pronounce  it 
probably  the  finest  church  of  its  size  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

A  description  of  this  neat  and  attractive  edifice  is  of  historical  importance.  It 
is  a  well-proportioned  structure  of  Gothic  style  throughout.  Its  extreme  length  is 
116  feet  on  ISTorris  street  and  it  is  sixty-nine  feet  in  width  on  Main  street.  The  main 
vestibule  is  entered  either  from  Main  or  ISTorris  street.  There  is  another  front 
entrance  on  the  uptown  side  and  the  side  steps  on  ISTorris  street  lead  to  a  vestibule 
connected  with  the  auditorium,  library  and  Sunday  school  rooms.  The  bell  tower 
is  seventy-two  feet  in  height,  and  the  smaller  tower  on  the  south  comer  forty-seven 
feet  high. 

The  walls  of  the  church  are  constructed  of  Ohio  sandstone,  xock-faced  and  laid 
in  Portland  cement  in  what  is  termed  random  range  courses.  The  joints  are  tucked 
with  gray  mortar.  The  trimmings  are  of  cut  stone.  The  roof  is  covered  with  slate, 
and  all  the  gutters  and  flashings  are  made  of  copper  instead  of  tin. 

The  auditorium  is  sixty  feet  square,  the  arches  forming  alcoves  on  all  four  sides. 


C^^^T^^H^t^^yty 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  305 

The  room  is  twenty-eight  feet  in  height.  The  four  steel  trusses  which  support  the 
roof  axe  encased  in  antique  oak  and  break  the  ceiling,  which  is  laid  out  in  panels  with 
oak  mouldings.  The  four  ornamental  arches  are  also  in  oak,  as  is  the  rest  of  the 
interior  finish,  and  in  the  center  of  the  ceiling  there  is  an  elaborate  piece  of  grille- 
work.  The  walls  are  tinted  with  different  shades  of  terra-eotta,  and  the  beautiful 
velvet  carpet  that  covers  the  floor  is  in  harmony  with  them.  Besides  the  electric 
light  brackets  upon  the  side  walls,  there  is  a  large  prismatic  reflector  in  the  center 
which  distributes  the  light  from  thirty-four  electric  bulbs. 

There  are  415  opera  chairs  arranged  in  amphitheater  style  on  the  sloping  floor. 
The  chairs  have  iron  frames,  dark  antique  oak  woodwork  and  automatic  seats.  The 
pulpit  stall  is  elaborately  made  in  massive  oak  in  Gothic  style,  and  the  desk  is  a  brass 
rail  with  an  adjustable  book-rest. 

All  the  important  windows  of  the  church  are  of  stained  glass,  and  they  are  very 
handsome.  The  two  large  windows  in  the  auditoriiim  are  memorials.  That  in  the 
front  is  iuscribed  to  the  "memory  of  Eev.  and  Mrs.  James  F.  Calkins,"  and  its 
inscription  in  the  central  panel  reads,  "And  they  that  be  wise  shall  shine  as  the 
brightness  of  the  firmament,  and  they  that  turn  many  to  righteousness  as  the  stars 
forever  and  ever."  This  window'  was  placed  in  the  church  by  friends  of  Eev.  aoid 
Mrs.  Calkins,  assisted  by  their  daughters. 

The  other  window  was  furnished  by  Mrs.  G.  D.  Smith  in  memory  of  her  late 
husband.  It  is  inscribed,  "In  loving  memory  of  George  Dwight  Smith,"  and  in  the 
center,  "I  am  the  resurrection  and  the  life;  he  that  believeth  in  Me  though  he  were 
dead  yet  shall  he  live." 

The  dedication  ceremonies  of  this  beautiful  temple  of  worship  took  place  Febru- 
ary 13,  1895,  and  were  very  impressive.  Eev.  Dr.  Taylor  delivered  a  logical  and 
eloquent  dedicatory  sermon  from  the  text  found  in  the  twenty-fifth  chapter  of 
Exodus  and  the  eighth  verse,  "And  let  them  make  me  a  sanctuary;  that  I  may 
dwell  among  them."  The  building  of  the  tabernacle  in  the  wilderness  was  the 
rock  upon  which  idolatry  was  broken.  God  commanded  them  to  build  a  sanctuary 
that  he  might  come  to  dwell  among  them.  Every  Christian  church,  from  the  little 
wayside  chapel  to  the  great  cathedral,  tells  us  that  God  is  with  us  and  for  us. 

In  closing.  Dr.  Taylor  made  a  tender  and  touching  allusion  to  the  late 
Eev.  Dr.  James  B.  Shaw,  father  of  the  pastor.  In  a  sense  he  was  standing  in  his 
place,  for,  had  this  father  been  alive,  he  would  have  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

A  statement  was  read  from  the  trustees  showing  that  the  contract  price  of  the 
church  was  $20,235.  Extra  work  had  been  done  and  changes  made  in  the  specifica- 
tions costing  $1,644 — making  the  total  amount  paid  Andrew  Webster,  the  eon- 
tractor,  $21,869.  The  furnishing  of , the  church  cost  $5,609.45,  which  included  the 
heating,  lighting,  seatings,  repairs  to  organ  and  $968.35  in  fees  and  expenses  to 
the  architect.  With  a  few  estimated  items,  for  which  bills  had  not  been  rendered, 
the  cost  of  the  church  to  the  trustees  amounted  to  $27,846.45.  In  addition  to  this, 
however,  there  had  been  furnished  without  expense  to  the  trustees,  two  beautiful 
memorial  windows,  the  carpet,  the  copper  on  the  roof  and  the  Portland  cement  in 
the  walls,  amounting  in  all  to  $2,309.  This  made  the  total  cost  of  the  church  and 
its  furnishings  $30,155.45. 

20 


306  HISTOBT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

The  trustees  of  the  church,  who  cairied  on  the  work  of  building,  are  Messrs. 
George  W.  Williams,  president;  WilHam  D.  VanHorn,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
George  "W.  Merrick,  E.  L.  VanHom,  E.  B.  Young  and  Leonard  Harrison.  Mr.  Har- 
rison, as  president  of  the  building  committee,  had  direct  supervision  of  the  work,  and 
he  faithfully  devoted  his  time  and  taste  to  it  for  many  months. 

At  the  present  time  the  membership  is  about  400.  The  Sunday-school  is 
under  the  superintendency  of  Arthur  M.  Eoy,  assisted  by  L.  H.  Johnson;  secretary, 
H.  E.  Eaesly;  treasurer,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Young;  librarian.  Miss  Luella  Deane.  The 
primary  department,  numbering  about  seventy-five,  is  under  the  management  of  Mrs. 
Shaw,  wife  of  the  pastor,  who  has  quite  an  aptitude  for  the  work.  The  school 
numbers  about  375  scholars,  and.  the  library  contains  1,000  volumes. 

FIRST    METHODIST    EPISCOPAL    CHURCH. 

There  were  Methodists  in  what  is  now  known  as  Delmar  township  in  the  very 
beginning  of  the  century,  and  several  years  before  Wellsboro  was  founded.  The 
first  church  erected  in  the  village  was  the  Quaker  Meeting  House;  the  Methodists, 
however,  had  regular  preaching  in  and  about  the  neighborhood  before  this. 
From  the  meagre  records  that  have  been  presorted,  it  appears  that  Eev.  Caleb 
Boyer  and  family  came  from  Delaware,  together  with  several  other  families,  aad 
settled  near  where  Wellsboro  now  stands  about  1802.  They  belonged  to 
the  Delaware  contingent  attracted  by  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company,  of  which 
Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  was  the  active  agent.  But  as  Morris  and  other  settlers  at 
that  time  were  Quakers,  that  denomination  preceded  all  others. 

History  informs  us  that  Eev.  Boyer  was  one  of  the  fifteen  ordained  ministers 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  then  in  North  America.  He  did  the  first 
preaching  in  Wellsboro  and  vicinity.  Meetings  were  first  held  at  private  houses, 
but  it  was  some  years  before  an  organization  was  effected.  Mr.  Boyer,  however,  may 
be  regarded  as  the  pioneer  Methodist  preacher  in  what  afterwards  became  Tioga 
county. 

In  those  early  times  little  headway  seems  to  have  been  made  by  the  Methodists, 
as  well  as  by  other  denominations.  From  the  best  information  it  appears  that  in  1830 
Wellsboro  was  in  the  old  Tioga  circuit,  which  embraced  all  the  territory  within  the 
limits  of  the  Troy  district,  and  probably  more.  That  year  Eev.  Hiram  G.  Warner 
formed  the  first  class  in  Wellsboro.  Accounts  state  that  the  first  year  he  was 
assisted  by  the  Eev.  Mr.  Moore,  and  the  second  year  by  Eev.  Caleb  Kendall.  The 
meetings  were  held  in  the  original  log  court  house,  which  stood  nearly  on  the  site 
of  the  present  building. 

Among  the  members  of  the  first  class  organized  in  1820  were  William  Bache,  Sr., 
Mrs.  Pamelia  Coolidge,  Capt.  Israel  Greenleaf,  the  Eevolutionary  soldier  who  lies 
in  the  abandoned  cemetery  on  Academy  Hill;  Israel  Kelsey,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kilbum, 
and  Hannah  Cole.     All  of  these  have  long  since  passed  away. 

Little  or  nothing  of  the  history  of  the  organization  during  its  earlier  years 
has  been  preserved;  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  its  struggles  were  severe  and  that  it 
had  many  trials.  In  1839-40  Eev.  Eobert  T.  Hancock  raised  $3,000  toward  build- 
ing a  church.  His  successor,  Eev.  I.  K.  Tuttle,  continued  the  work  and  left  it  in  an 
advanced  state,  and  was  followed  by  Eev.  Philo  Tower,  who  carried  forward  the 
building  to  completion,  and  the  new  edifice  was  dedicated  by  Eev.  William  E.  Bab- 


WELLSBOKO    (CONTINUED).  307 


cock,  presiding  elder  of  the  district.  May  21,  1843.  This  was  the  second  church 
erected  in  Wellsboro.  It  cost  about  $3,000,  and  was  regarded  as  a  fine  church  for 
that  time. 

Now  that  the  society  had  a  building  of  its  own  in  which  to  worship,  the  mem- 
bership increased  more  rapidly.  A  parsonage  was  soon  afterward  erected,  Eev. 
D.  B.  Lawson,  the  pastor,  doing  work  on  it  with  his  own  hands  to  the  amount  of 
nearly  $100.  Like  his  esteemed  contemporary,  the  Eev.  J.  P.  Calkins,  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  he  was  not  above  setting  an  example  for  others.  He  was 
followed  by  Eevs.  Samuel  Nichols,  William  Manning,  James  Landreth,  A.  "W.  Staples 
and  others. 

The  church  gradually  gathered  strength.  In  1850  many  conversions  and  addi- 
tions to  the  membership  occurred  under  the  pastorate  of  Eev.  C.  Nash.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Eev.  W.  C.  Mattison,  and  the  interest  in  church  affairs  was  kept  up. 
In  1867  Eev.  0.  L.  Gibson  was  appointed  to  the  charge.  Debts  in  the  meantime 
had  accumulated  against  the  church  during  the  wax,  when  a  subscription  paper  was 
circulated  by  Isaac  Sears,  and  so  liberally  signed  that  the  debt  of  $1,000  was  pro- 
vided for  and  $300  left  to  repair  the  church.  The  first  Sunday  the  church  was  used 
after  these  improvements  was  November  17,  1867;  and  while  the  services  were  in 
progress  the  building  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire,  and  despite  the  efforts  of  the  con- 
gregation and  others,  it  burned  to  the  ground.  This  was  a  hard  blow,  but  the  mem- 
bers were  not  wholly  discouraged.  Mr.  Gibson,  who  had  been  assisting  in 
holding  revival  meetings  for  two  or  three  weeks  and  was  presented  with  $35,  gener- 
ously refused  its  acceptance,  but  insisted  that  it  should  be  placed  with  the  insurance 
to  assist  in  making  up  a  fimd  of  $3,500.  This  was  done,  and  that  amount  secured 
to  the  church,  served  as  a  nucleus  around  which  to  gather  funds  for  a  new  building. 
Through  the  persistent  labors  of  the  pastor  and  members,  aided  by  a  generous  out- 
side support,  a  substantial  brick  building,  costing  $35,000,  was  erected,  and  Novem- 
ber 17,  1869 — ^two  years  to  a  day  from  the  time  of  the  burning — ^was  dedicated  by 
Eev.  K.  P.  Jervis.  This  was  a  great  triumph  for  the  congregation  after  their  mis- 
fortune. 

The  records  show  that  the  pastors  since  the  present  building  was  dedicated, 
when  Eev.  0.  L.  Gibson  was  in  charge,  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  D.  D.  Buck,  from 
October,  1870,  to  October,  1873;  W.  M.  Henry,  1873-4;  Thomas  Stacy,  1874-76; 
D.  D.  Buck,  1876-78;  K.  P.  Jervis,  1878-79;  E.  H.  Lattimer,  1879-83;  James 
Moss,  1883-85;  S.  W.  Lloyd,  1885-88;  0.  S.  Chamberlayn,  1888-93;  Dr.  C.  W. 
Gushing,  1893-97. 

The  church  has  a  membership  of  about  363.  In  the  Sunday-school  there  is  an 
average  of  about  180  pupils.    The  church  belongs  to  the  Genesee  Conference. 

FIEST  BAPTIST  CHUECH. 

The  few  Baptists  residing  in  Wellsboro  had  frequently  talked  about  making 
an  effort  to  organize  a  society,  but  it  was  not  accomplished  until  July  33,  1866, 
when  Eev.  D.  E.  McDermond,  of  Tioga,  preached  in  the  court  house,  and  on  Monday 
evening  following  a  prayer  meeting  was  started,  which  was  maintained  until  March 
19,  1868,  when  N.  L.  Eeynolds,  then  pastor  at  Blossburg,  preached  in  Bunnell  Hall, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  sermon  steps  were  taken  towards  the  formation  of  a  church. 
A  vote  was  taken,  and  the  large  audience  present,   composed   of  representatives 


308  HISTOEY    OV   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  the  different  churches,  unanimously  voted  in  favor  of  the  movement.  Twenty- 
six  persons  then  present  expressed  a  desire  to  unite  in  the  organization  and  resolved 
to  establish  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Wellsboro. 

The  following  charter  members  appear  in  the  record:  Victor  H.  Elliott, 
Josephine  Elliott,  Julia  Wheeler,  P.  C.  Van  Gelder,  Mrs.  S.  L.  Van  Gelder,  Mary 
E.  Kelsey,  Mrs.  S.  H.  Shearer,  Charles  Williams,  Sarah  Williams,  P.  Irene  Eastman, 
Eobert  Trull,  Eachel  Trull,  Mrs.  Sarah  H.  Bowen,  John  B.  Shakespeare,  William 
Bowen,  H.  C.  Bailey,  Mrs.  M.  L.  Bailey,  Uriah  Danks,  Amy  Banks,  Mrs.  Maria 
Bowen,  Mrs.  Samantha  Hastings,  Mrs.  Sarah  Jackson,  Abigail  Beecher,  Calvin  B. 
Kelley,  Isabella  Kelley,  Ida  Stoddard.  Many  of  the  foregoing  are  now  deceased, 
and  others  have  moved  away. 

May  2,  1868,  the  usual  declaration  of  faith,  covenant  and  rules  of  order  were 
adopted  by  the  new  church  as  the  basis  of  its  organization.  An  agreement  having 
been  entered  into  between  the  Wellsboro  church  and  the  Delmar  church,  whereby 
they  were  jointly  to  enjoy  the  labors  and  give  support  to  a  pastor,  they  imited  in 
a  call  to  Rev.  W.  A.  Smith,  of  New  Jersey,  the  agreement  being  that  each  church 
was  to  pay  $500  and  a  donation  per  year,  the  pastor  to  preach  to  the  Wellsboro 
church  in  the  morning  and  to  the  Delmar  church  in  the  afternoon.  This  call  was 
accepted  June  1, 1868.  A  Sunday  school  was  organized  on  the  26th  of  July  follow- 
ing, with  H.  C.  Bailey  as  superintendent.  After  being  formally  organized,  July 
39,  1868,  the  church  was  received  into  the  Tioga  Association  in  a  meeting  of  that 
body  at  Tioga  August  26  and  27,  1868.  On  the  1st  of  September  of  this  year  the 
church  purchased  the  building  then  known  as  Bunnell  Hall  for  use  as  a  place  of 
worship,  agreeing  to  pay  $1,100  for  the  property,  and  continued  to  occupy  it  until 
the  erection  of  the  present  building  in  1884. 

At  a  meeting  held  April  5,  1869,  the  resignation  of  the  pastor  was  received 
and  accepted.  On  May  21st  Eev.  S.  M.Broakman  was  made  pastor  pro  tern.;  and 
on  April  1,  1870,  Eev.  C.  A.  Stone  began  his  labors  as  pastor,  and  served  the  church 
as  such  about  nine  months.  In  that  year  the  records  show  a  membership  of 
forty-nine. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  March  19,  1871,  the  unanimous  call  of  the  church 
was  extended  to  Eev.  N.  L.  Reynolds,  of  Blossburg,  to  become  its  pastor.  The  call 
was  accepted;  $200  of  the  salary  of  $1,000,  being  an  appropriation  from  the  General 
Association  of  the  State.  Mr.  Eeynolds  commenced  his  pastorate  May  30,  1871. 
The  church  grew  rapidly  in  strength.  In  August,  1873,  there  was  a  membership 
of  ninety-four,  and  the  following  year  it  had  reached  113. 

Under  date  of  June  6,  1873,  the  First  Baptist  Church  was  incorporated  by 
decree  of  court,  the  following  persons  appearing  as  charter  members:  N.  L.  Eeynolds, 
Eobert  Trull,  A.  C.  Winters,  IST.  T.  Chandler,  A.  B.  Eastman,  Henry  Freeze,  Mrs. 
M.  B.  Shearer,  Mrs.  Maria  Bowen,  Julia  Wheeler,  Calvin  B.  Kelley. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  l^^ovember  8,  1875,  E.  B.  Campbell,  of  Williamsport, 
was  present,  and  made  for  himself  and  John  E.  Bowen,  of  Wellsboro,  a  formal 
presentation  of  the  lot  on  which  the  present  church  building  stands.  The  oSer 
was  graciously  accepted  and  a  committee  appointed  to  prepare  plans  and  devise  ways 
and  means  for  the  erection  of  a  church.  But  as  the  time  had  not  come  for  carrying 
out  the  plan  it  was  deferred  to  a  more  convenient  season.  In  the  meantime  the 
accessions  to  the  membership  increased,  and  in  August,  1878,  they  had  reached  154. 


WELLSBOHO    (CONTINUED).  309 

Sunday,  December  7,  1879,  the  pastor  ofEered  his  resignation  with  the  request 
that  he  be  released  on  January  1,  1880.  The  resignation  was  very  reluctantly 
accepted.  He  had  served  the  church  with  great  acceptance  and  profit  for  nine 
years.     He  found  it  with  a  membership  of  forty-nine  and  left  it  with  169. 

On  January  12, 1880,  Rev.  Isaac  E.  Howd,  of  Waterville,  New  York,  was  called 
to  the  pastorate,  which  he  resigned  after  a  service  of  seven  and  one-half  months. 
The  pulpit  was  supplied  for  the  balance  of  the  associational  year  by  Eevs.  E.  L. 
Mills  and  D.  T.  Van  Dorn.  The  record  shows  that  on  October  37th  of  this  year, 
Eev.  Abner  Morrill,  of  Painted  Post,  was  engaged  to  serve  the  church  as  pastor. 
His  relation  continued  for  fourteen  months.  Sunday,  April  8,  1883,  Rev.  S.  F. 
Mathews  began  his  work  as  pastor,  the  interval  between  the  closing  of  the  last  and 
the  beginning  of  the  new  pastorate  being  filled  by  Rev.  V.  P.  Mather,  then  pastor 
of  the  Charleston  church — preaching  in  the  evening. 

During  the  summer  of  1883  the  question  of  building  a  suitable  house  of 
worship  was  agitated,  and  resulted  in  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  that  as  soon  as 
the  means  could  be  provided,  including  the  sale  of  the  property  then  owned  and 
occupied  by  the  church,  to  aid  in  defraying  the  expense,  the  enterprise  should  be 
undertaken;  and  on  the  27th  of  September  the  building  committee  was  authorized 
to  obtain  plans  and  specifications  for  a  building,  the  cost  of  which  was  not  to  exceed 
$4,500.  December  6th  following  the  contract  was  let  and  the  work  was  carried  on 
through  the  winter  of  1883  and  summer  of  1884,  and  the  church  was  completed  in 
September  of  that  year.  The  new  building  was  dedicated  September  11,  1884,  Rev. 
George  Cooper,  D.  D.,  of  "Williamsport,  preaching  the  dedication  sermon,  and  to 
the  encouragement  of  all  it  was  dedicated  free  of  debt,  and  there  was  $103.66  left 
in  the  treasury.  William  Bache  subscribed  $1,000,  and  Mrs.  Bache  $500,  toward 
the  fund  for  the  new  building. 

On  April  1,  1889,  Mr.  Mathews  tendered  his  resignation  to  take  effect  July 
1st.  He  had  served  the  church  for  over  six  years  and  he  was  esteemed  a  faithful 
and  zealous  minister.  The  pulpit  remained  vacant  until  October  following,  when 
Eev.  E.  B.  Cornell  accepted  a  call  which  had  been  made  on  him  August  26,  1889. 
Mr.  Cornell  took  charge  November  3, 1889,  and  remained  until  March  24, 1892.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Williams  in  September,  1892,  who  served  the  congrega- 
tion till  October  26,  1895,  when  he  retired.  A  call  was  then  made  on  Rev.  N.  L. 
Reynolds,  the  present  pastor,  at  Pueblo,  Colorado,  to  return  to  his  old  charge.  He 
accepted,  returned  to  Wellsboro,  and  Sunday,  December  8,  1895,  preached  his  first 
sermon  after  having  been  absent  for  sixteen  years 

The  church  now  has  a  membership  of  373.  The  Sunday  school  numbers  225 
scholars,  under  the  superintendeney  of  N.  T.  Chandler,  who  has  served  in  that 
capacity  for  twenty-five  years.     The  library  consists  of  573  volumes. 

ST.  peteb's  catholic  chuech. 

This  church  is  the  successor  of  St.  John's  Catholic  Society,  organized  in 
August,  1873,  by  Bishop  O'Hara,  of  Scranton.  Within  a  year  it  numbered  seventy- 
five  members.  Monthly  services  were  held  in  Converse  Hall,  the  ofiiciating  priests 
being  Rev.  John  A.  Wynne  and  Rev.  John  C.  McDermott,  of  Blossburg.  In  1879 
it  was  made  a  parish  church,  there  having  been  a  large  increase  of  membership.  It 
was  then  named  St.  Peter's  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  Rev.  John  C.  McDermott 


310  HISTOBT    OF   TIOGA    COTTNTY. 


placed  in  charge  as  pastor.  In  1881  the  old  Academy  building  and  grounds  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  borough,  were  purchased,  and  the  building  remodeled,  at  a  cost 
of  $1,200,  so  as  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  congregation.  A  parsonage  was  also  pur- 
chased at  a  cost  of  $1,000,  and  put  in  proper  repair.  Through  the  energy  and 
business  ability  of  Father  McDermott,  the  money  to  meet  these  large  expenditures 
was  raised  and  the  church  and  parsonage  freed  from  debt.  He  also  had  charge 
of  the  mission  churches  at  Tioga  and  Antrim,  and  at  the  latter  place  erected  a 
church  in  1877  costing  $3,000. 

In  November,  1883,  Father  McDermott  was  succeeded  as  pastor  of  St.  Peter's 
church  by  Rev.  M.  E.  Lynott,  during  whose  pastorate  the  new  Catholic  Cemetery, 
embracing  eight  acres  of  ground,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough,  was  established, 
and  a  church  building  costing  $6,000  erected  at  Hoytville.  This  church  and  grounds 
were  damaged  by  the  flood  of  June,  1889,  necessitating  a  further  expenditure  of 
$600  for  repairs.  The  erection  of  the  present  parish  residence,  opposite  the  church 
in  Wellsboro,  was  also  begun  by  Father  Lynott,  who  was  succeeded  November  12, 
1890,  by  Eev.  M.  J.  Manly,  the  present  pastor.  In  1891  he  completed  the  parish 
residence,  which  is  a  handsome  two-story  frame  edifice,  commodious,  comfortable 
and  well  furnished.  It  cost  $4,500.  Since  Father  Manly  took  charge  the  church 
has  been  remodeled,  a  bell  purchased,  as  well  as  statuary  and  paintings  for  interior 
decoration.  The  grounds  have  also  been  graded  and  carriage  sheds  built.  The 
outlay  for  these  various  improvements  has  been  between  $4,000  and  $5,000.  The 
church  at  Antrim  has  been  frescoed  and  a  bell  purchased,  and  the  church  at  Tioga, 
which  was  damaged  by  the  June  flood  of  1889,  repaired. 

In  addition  to  his  duties  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Wellsboro,  Father  Manly 
has  under  his  charge  the  mission  churches  at  Tioga,  Antrim  and  Hoytville,  and  also 
the  missions  without  churches  at  Elkland,  Osceola,  Knoxville,  Westfield,  Potter 
Brook,  Gaines,  Gurnee,  Leetonia,  Blackwells,  Tiadaghton,  Hammond,  East  Charles- 
ton, Lamb's  Creek,  Nauvoo  and  Stephensville,  all  within  the  confines  of  Tioga  ' 
county. 

In  the  discharge  of  his  manifold  duties  Father  Manly  has  endeared  himself  to 
the  members  of  the  Catholic  faith  throughout  the  county.  He  is  able,  ardent, 
enthusiastic  and  tireless  in  his  efforts  to  forward  the  interests  of  his  parish,  and  has 
many  warm  friends  outside  of  his  own  faith.  During  his  pastorate  St.  Petef s 
chiirch  has  prospered.  It  maintains  a  Sunday-school  with  an  average  attendance 
of  over  100,  of  which  William  B.  Sullivan  is  superintendent  and  Miss  Bessie  Meehan 
assistant. 

THE  FEEE  WILL  BAPTIST  CHUKCH. 

This  society  was  incorporated  August  28,  1882,  by  Eev.  0.  C.  Hills,  Wellsboro; 
Albert  Saxbury  and  James  Crampton,  Chatham  Valley;  James  A.  Warriner,  Stony 
Fork;  J.  C.  Warren,  Mansfield,  and  C.  D.  Clark.  A  lot  was  purchased  and  a  church 
building  erected,  about  1886,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  East  avenue  and  Cone 
streets.  Eev.  0.  C.  Hills,  the  first  pastor,  served  about  five  years.  His  successor, 
Eev.  Mr.  Cook,  served  about  a  year  and  a  half.  He  was  succeeded  by  Eev.  Mr. 
Cloud,  who  served  until  1893,  since  which  time  the  church  has  had  no  pastor, 
though  occasional  services  are  held. 


WBLLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  oil 


CEMETEEIES. 

The  early  settlers  in  and  around  Wellsboro  buried  their  dead  in  the  "half  acre" 
adjoining  the  old  Academy  on  the  hill,  set  apart  for  that  purpose  by  Benjamin 
Wistar  Morris.  The  site  was  elevated  and  the  view  to  be  obtained  from  it  charm- 
ingly picturesque.  It  was  then  "in  the  country,"  but  in  time  the  borough  grew  to, 
around  and  beyond  it,  until  now  it  is  near  the  centre  of  the  corporate  limits. 

When  it  was  first  selected  as  a  place  of  interment  it  was  doubtless  thought  large 
enough  to  answer  as  a  graveyard  for  many  years.  In  time,  however,  its  limited  area 
began  to  be  crowded.  Its  proximity  to  the  Academy  was  objectionable,  and  the 
students  complained  that  it  afEected  their  health.  Except  in  a  few  instances,  its 
graves  were  uncared  for,  and  were  overgrown  with  weeds  and  brambles.  Being 
unfenced,  it  was  a  common,  open  to  the  incursions  of  domestic  animals  and  of  such 
wild  ones  as  still  lurked  around  the  village.  Its  neglected  condition  was  at  last 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  borough  council,  and  in  1837  that  body  appropriated 
$35  for  the  purpose  of  inclosing  it  with  a  fence. 

The  necessity  for  a  new  burial  place  was  admitted  as  early  as  1840,  but  did  not 
manifest  itself  in  any  practical  way  until  several  years  later.  Many  were  reluctant  to 
abandon  the  old  graveyard,  while  others  were  opposed  to  the  removal  therefrom 
of  the  remains  of  their  relatives.  To  them  the  place  was,  and  would  ever  remain,  a 
sacred  spot,  hallowed  by  the  tenderest  memories. 

There  is  no  record  to  inform  us  whose  remains  were  the  first  to  be  buried  here, 
but  burials  doubtless  began  soon  after  the  laying  out  of  the  village.  Many  of  the 
graves  are  now  unmarked,  the  gravestones  erected  by  loving  hands  having  fallen 
into  ruin  years  ago.  Native  stone  was  used  to  mark  the  earlier  graves,  and  it  was 
more  susceptible  to  the  action  of  the  elements  than  marble;  but  it  is  possible  that  van- 
dalism had  something  to  do  with  the  overturning  and  breaking  of  not  a  few  head- 
stones, owing  to  the  unfenced  and  unprotected  character  of  the  place. 

A  number  of  the  undisturbed  graves  are  marked  by  marble  slabs.  From  a  few  of 
these  the  inscriptions  have  been  copied,  as  follows: 

Col.  Isaac  Field,  died  Augnst  9,  1828,  in  the  forty-seventli  year  of  his  ag'e. 
David  Henry,  Jr.,  died  July  6,  1850,  aged  sixty-seven  years,  eleven  months  and  twenty- 
two  days. 

James  Henry,  died  September  30,  1849,  aged  sixty  years  and  two  days. 
Rufus  Butler,  died  December  6,  1847,  aged  seventy-four  years  and  eleven  months. 
Isabel,  his  wife,  died  March  5, 1842,  aged  sixty-four  years,  five  months  and  seven  days. 

Joseph  Thompson,  a  Revolutionary  patriot,  died  November  33,  1842,  aged  eighty-five 
years,  ten  months  and  eighteen  days. 

Dertus  Morsman,  died  August  30,  1847,  aged  forty-four  years,  seven  months  and  four- 
teen days. 

Daniel  Eitter,  died  June  15,  1843,  aged  forty-two  years,  eight  months  and  two  days. 
David  Hurley,  died  September  14,  1854,  aged  fifty-eight  years,  one  month  and  six- 
teen days. 

Amos  Coolidge,  died  May  16,  1851,  aged  sixty  years,  seven  months  and  twelve  days. 
Jonathan  Webster,  Botanic  Physician,  died  August  15,  1843,  aged  forty-three  years, 
eight  months  and  eleven  days.    Milly,  his  wife,  died  April  8,  1848,  aged  forty-eight 
years,  seven  months  and  nine  days. 

Israel  Greenleaf,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  died  June  1,  1847,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
Sarah,  his  wife,  died  March  8,  1840,  aged  seventy  years. 


312  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

It  will  be  observed  that  two  of  these  graves  contain  the  remains  of  Eevolutionary 
soldiers.  Although  each  grave  is  marked  by  a  modest  marble  slab,  it  is,  nevertheless, 
neglected  and  overgrown  with  brambles,  a  condition  that  ought  to  appeal  to  the 
patriotism  that  exists,  and  has  always  existed  in  Wellsboro,  and  that,  even  at 
this  late  day,  should  rescue  these  graves  from  the  ruin  and  neglect  of  this  old-time 
burying  ground.  These  heroes  of  the  struggle  that  achieved  our  independence  and 
made  our  present  greatness  as  a  republic  possible,  deserve  at  least  a  modest  monu- 
ment to  rescue  their  names  from  oblivion.  The  erection  of  such  a  monument  and  its 
dedication  on  Independence  Day  would  be  a  fitting  tribute  to  their  memory  and 
would  serve  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  patriotism,  that  rightly  fostered,  will  not  neg- 
lect a  little  duty,  any  more  than  it  will  shrink  from  a  great  sacrifice. 

The  Wellsboro  Cemetery  was  incorporated  under  authority  of  an  act  of  assembly, 
approved  April  7, 1849,  the  original  members  being  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  E.  G.  White, 
George  McLeod,  John  W.  Guernsey,  John  L.  Kobinson,  Josiah  Emery,  WilHam 
Bache,  James  Lowrey  and  Levi  I.  Nichols.  The  incorporation  was  "authorized 
to  purchase  a  lot  of  land,  not  exceeding  ten  acres,  and  lay  out  and  ornament  the 
same." 

It  appears  that  for  several  years  after  the  incorporation  of  this  company  nothiag 
was  done  toward  securing  a  new  cemetery  site.  In  the  meantime  some  of  the 
iucorporators  died  and  were  buried  in  the  old  graveyard.  On  April  36,  1855,  a 
supplementary  act  was  approved,  substituting  Chester  Eobinson,  William  Bache, 
George  McLeod,  Stephen  F.  Wilson,  S.  E.  Ensworth,  James  I.  Jackson,  Joseph 
EiberoUe,  Levi  I.  Nichols  and  Peter  Green  for  the  original  incorporators. 

The  new  company  acted  promptly.  About  nine  and  one-half  acres  of  land, 
north  of  the  borough  limits,  as  they  then  existed,  were  purchased  from  Stephen  F. 
Wilson  and  Mrs.  Timothy  Coats.  The  location,  which  embraces  a  grove  of  pines, 
is  very  beautiful,  and  had  it  not  been  set  apart  for  a  cemetery  would  have  been  a 
model  one  for  a  park.  This  land  was  purchased  in  1855,  and  the  same  year  B.  F. 
Hathaway,  of  Flushing,  Long  Island,  an  experienced  landscape  gardner,  was  em- 
ployed to  survey  and  lay  it  out.  This  work  he  performed  in  a  satisfactory  manner, 
laying  off  439  burial  lots,  besides  walks  and  drives.  Later  109  lots  were  added  from 
ground  remaining  undivided.  Over  $12,000  were  expended  by  the  company  in 
the  work  of  purchasing  and  preparing  this  beautiful  cemetery  for  its  silent  tenants. 
Two  acres  more  were  afterwards  added,  to  be  ready  for  future  use.  Mr.  Hathaway 
made  an  accurate  map  of  the  grounds,  which  was  copied  carefully  and  correctly  by 
James  S.  Bryden,  who  selected  a  lot  for  himself  on  a  knoll  or  hillock.  Soon  after 
finishing  the  copy  of  the  map  he  was  suddenly  taken  ill,  and  died  March  16,  1856, 
aged  thirty-five  years.  He  was  buried  in  the  lot  he  had  selected  and  was  the  first 
person  to  be  interred  in  the  new  cemetery.  His  connection  with  the  work  of  prepar- 
ing the  map,  and  his  sudden  illness  and  death,  as  well  perhaps  as  a  desire  to  witness 
the  first  burial  in  the  new  grounds,  resulted  in  his  funeral  being  very  largely 
attended,  and  the  facts  in  connection  with  his  death  being  made  a  topic  of  talk 
throughout  the  borough. 

The  natural  beauty  of  this  cemetery  has  been  enhanced  by  the  artistic  taste 
displayed  in  laying  out  its  driveways  and  walks,  as  well  as  by  the  many  sightly  monu- 
ments and  tablets  of  marble  and  granite  that  mark  the  graves  of  the  sleeping  dead, 
a  number  of  whoifi  were  removed  hither  from  the  old  graveyard  on  the  hill. 


WELLSBOEO'  (cONTINTJBD).  g-j^Q 


There  is  one  tomb  within  this  cemetery  that  is  at  once  noticeable  and  unique. 
It  was  erected  several  years  ago  by  Hon.  Stephen  F.  Wilson,  for  the  reception  of 
his  remains  after  death.  It  is  built  of  gray  stone,  in  the  form  of  a  log  cabin,  and  is 
a  faithful  reproduction  in  its  exterior  appearance  of  the  primitive  home  of  the  rugged 
pioneers  of  the  early  day.  In  striking  contrast  with  it  is  the  uncut  shaft  of  native 
sandstone  that,  in  its  suggestiveness,  typifies  the  character  of  that  courageous  minis- 
ter of  the  gospel,  Eev.  J.  F.  Calkins.  The  bronze  likeness  of  "Nessmuk"  set  in  the 
granite  block  that  marks  his  grave,  attracts  the  notice  of  the  visitor  and  leads  him 
to  ask  whose  memory  it  is  intended  to  keep  alive  in  the  minds  of  the  living.  In 
the  northeast  corner  of  the  cemetery  will  be  found  the  plain  marble  headstones  that 
mark  the  graves  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  and  his  wife,  as  well  as  those  of  Judge 
Samuel  "Wells  Morris,  his  wife  and  a  daughter.  Their  remains  were  among  those 
removed  from  the  old  graveyard  adjoiniug  the  Academy.  The  monuments  and 
tablets  erected  during  recent  years  are  mostly  granite,  and  are  noticeable  for  their 
massive  and  enduring  character,  as  well  as  for  an  adherence  to  artistic  and  appro- 
priate designs. 

A  competent  man  has  charge  of  this  cemetery  and  the  graves  are  all  well  taken 
care  of  the  year  round.  During  the  summer  months,  when  the  trees  are  in  full 
foliage  and  the  flowers  are  in  bloom,  it  is  a  really  beautiful  place,  and  is  daily  visited 
by  those  whose  loved  ones  lie  sleeping  in  its  graves,  as  well  as  by  strangers,  who 
wander  among  its  many  monuments  and  glean  from  their  inscriptions  the  brief 
history  which  they  give  of  the  "silent  city's"  tenants. 

Calvary  Cemetery  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough  limits,  and 
is  the  burial  ground  for  St.  Peter's  Eoman  Catholic  Church.  It  contains  eight 
acres,  purchased  in  April,  1883,  from  N"elson  Dunham,  for  $500,  and  deeded  to  Eight 
Eeverend  Bishop  O'Hara.  It  is  neatly  laid  out  in  burial  lots,  drives  and  walks, 
and  contains  a  number  of  handsome  marble  and  granite  gravestones  and  monu- 
ments. The  location  is  elevated  and  overlooks  the  borough.  This  cemetery  is 
well  taken  care  of,  and  will  in  time  be  a  reaUy  beautiful  burial  place. 

SOCIETIES. 

Tyoga  Lodge,  No.  230, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  February  15,  1847,  with  the 
following  officers:  Eobert  C.  Simpson,  E".  G.;  William  Garretson,  V.  G.;  James 
P.  Magill,  S.;  James  S.  Bryden,  A.  S.,  and  James  D.  Booth,  T.  The  lodge  main- 
tained its  existence  for  about  ten  years  and  then  went  down.  In  the  spring  of  1871 
a  sufficient  number  of  the  old  members  petitioned  the  grand  lodge  for  a  return  of 
the  charter.  It  was  returned  April  13,  1871,  and  the  lodge  reorganized,  with  the 
following  officers:  Andrew  Foley,  K.  G.;  H.  W.  Dartt,  V.  G.;  If.  T.  Chandler,  S., 
and  Joseph  EiberoUe,  T.     The  lodge  now  numbers  190  members. 

Wellsboro  Encampment,  No.  78, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  April  10,  1848,  with 
the  following  officers:  John  S.  Williston,  C.  P.;  James  S.  Bryden,  H.  P.;  John  F. 
Donaldson,  S.  W.;  Edward  W.  Eoss,  J.  W.;  Simon  H.  Landis,  S.;  Joseph  Weaver, 
T.;  L.  B.  Eeynolds,  G.  The  encampment  surrendered  its  charter  about  1856  or 
1857,  and  was  re-instituted  under  the  same  charter  March  37,  1873,  the  grand 
encampment  officers  of  the  State  being  present.  The  officers  installed  were:  A. 
Foley,  C.  P.;  Eobert  C.  Simpson,  H.  P.;  E.  J.  Brown,  S.  W.;  E".  T.  Chandler,  J.  W.; 


314  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


Hiram  W.  Dartt,  S.;  Joseph  EiberoUe,  T.;  George  0.  Derby,  G.  The  present  mem- 
hership  is  sixty-seven. 

Canton  Keystone,  No.  6,  Patriarchs  Militant,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  mustered  March  13, 
1886.  The  first  officers  were  as  follows:  E.  C.  Deans,  C;  Frank  A.  Deans,  L.; 
Charles  A.  Sweet,  E.;  B.  F.  Milliken,  C;  A.  C.  Eowland,  A.  There  are  now  about 
forty  members.  This  and  the  two  preceding  societies  meet  in  the  Odd  Fellows' 
hall  in  the  Jacobson  block. 

Ossea  Lodge,  No.  S17,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  constituted  January  11,  1858,  with  the 
following  officers:  Ebenezer  Pratt,  W.  M.;  William  A.  Eoe,  S.  W.;  William  Eoberts, 
J.  W.;  James  Kimball,  T.;  Thomas  B.  Bryden,  S.;  Eobert  Eoy,  S.  D.;  Angus 
Griffiin,  J.  D.,  and  Hubbard  Carpenter,  T.  The  lodge  now  numbers  115  members. 
For  a  number  of  years  previous  to  May,  1894,  the  lodge  met  in  the  Masonic  hall  in 
the  Williams  block.  With  the  beginning  of  1894,  the  lodge  secured  a  lease  of  Annan- 
dale  hall,  previously  used  as  an  opera  house,  in  the  Simpson  block.  This  was 
remodeled  for  the  use  of  the  lodge,  the  chapter  and  the  commandery,  the  main 
auditorium  being  set  apart  as  a  hall,  with  ante  rooms  and  club  rooms  at  the  rear.  The 
gallery  was  inclosed  and  transformed  into  a  dining-room.  The  lodge  hall  is  two 
stories  from  floor  to  ceiling,  the  latter  being  studded  with  forty-eight  thirty-two 
candle  power  electric  lights.  A  rich  velvet  carpet  covers  the  floor.  The  furniture 
is  antique  oak  of  massive  Gothic  design,  the  officers'  chairs  and  the  settees  occu- 
pied by  the  members  being  upholstered  in  leather.  This  hall,  now  known  as  the 
Masonic  Temple,  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  largest  and  most  finely  furnished  in  the 
State,  and  those  who  enjoy  the  privilege  of  meeting  in  it  are  justly  proud  of  its 
reputation  as  a  model  Masonic  hall. 

Tyoga  Chapter,  No.  IH,  R.  A.  M.,  was  constituted  August  15,  1859.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  first  officers:  Eobert  C.  Simpson,  H.  P.;  William  Butler,  K.;  A.  W. 
Howland,  S.;  William  Eoberts,  T.;  Thomas  B.  Bryden,  S.,  and  Hubbard  Carpenter, 
T.     The  chapter  now  numbers  fifty-five  members. 

TyagagUon  Commandery,  No.  28,  E.  T.,  was  constituted  June  12,  1867,  with 
the  following  officers:  Eobert  C.  Simpson,  E.  C;  William  Eoberts,  G.;  Andrew 
Foley,  C.  G.;  M.  H.  Cobb,  P.;  Eobert  Eoy,  T.,  and  Thomas  B.  Bryden,  S.  The 
present  membership  is  sixty-five. 

George  Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  E.,  was  first  organized  February  6,  1873,  as 
Cook  Post,  ISTo.  334,  with  the  following  officers  and  members:  Alanson  E.  Mies, 
C;  E.  Jeffers,  S.  V.  C;  George  0.  Derby,  J.  V.  C;  Daniel  Bacon,  S.;  Eev.  D.  D. 
Buck,  C;  George  W.  Merrick,  0.  D.;  E.  J.  Henry,  0.  G.;  H.  D.  Deming,  A.; 
Lucius  Truman,  Q.  M.;  George  W.  Sears,  Q.  M.  S.;  E.  C.  Bailey,  S.  M.,  and  WiUiam 
S.  Hoagland,  Eobert  C.  Cox,  Benjamin  Seeley,  J.  A.  Hill,  James  M.  Wilkinson,  W.  W. 
Webb  and  E.  Whitney.  Lack  of  sufficient  numbers  caused  the  post  to  lapse  for  a 
time.  In  March,  1883,  it  was  re-organized  as  Cook  Post,  Ko.  315,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers:  John  A.  Fletcher,  C;  Jonathaji  V.  Morgan,  S.  V.  C;  Edwin  B. 
Carvey,  J.  V.  C;  David  H.  Belcher,  Q.  M.;  Daniel  Bacon,  S.;  J.  W.  Brewster,  C; 
A.  E.  ISTiles,  0.  D.;  Joseph  0.  English,  0.  G.;  John  H.  Buckley,  A.;  Sylvester 
Houghton,  Q.  M.  S.,  and  Samuel  D.  Evans,  S.  M.  The  post  now  numbers  about 
125  members.  In  1884  the  post  purchased  the  old  Baptist  church  building  and  a 
lot  on  the  east  side  of  Main  street,  north  of  the  public  square.  The  building  was 
fitted  up  for  the  use  of  the  post,  the  whole  investment  being  about  $1,500.     It  is 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  3]^5 

also  the  meeting  place  of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion,  and  the  Woman's  Belief  Corps. 
Sometime  after  the  re-organization,  by  amendment  to  the  charter,  the  name  was 
changed  to  George  Cook  Post. 

George  Cook  Corps,  No.  88,  W.  R.  G.,  was  organized  July  14,  1887,  with  seven- 
teen members.  The  first  officers  were  as  follows:  Mrs.  Antoinette  Horton,  P.;  Mrs. 
Catherine  Denmark,  S.  V.  P.;  Mrs.  Albina  Houghton,  J.  V.  P.;  Mrs.  Belle  M. 
Allen,  S.;  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Miller,  T.,  and  Mrs.  Isabella  E.  Boyce,  C.  There  are  now 
fifty-eight  members.     The  corps  meets  in  George  Cook  Post  hall. 

Tioga  County  Association  of  Ex-Union  Prisoners  of  War  was  organized  Peb- 
ruary  36,  1886,  with  the  following  officers  and  members:  Jonathan  Y.  Morgan,  P.; 
James  0.  English,  V.  P.;  D.  H.  Belcher,  S.;  L.  Trumau,  T.,  and  Peter  D.  Wal- 
bridge,  Henry  H.  Smith,  A.  B.  Horton,  John  J.  Johnson,  S.  D.  Moore  and  J.  D. 
Strait.  There  are  now  thirty-one  members.  Owing  to  its  members  being  scat- 
tered over  the  county  no  stated  meetings  are  held,  the  members  coming  together, 
upon  the  call  of  the  president,  Jonathan  V.  Morgan,  who  has  held  that  office  since 
the  organization. 

Encampment  No.  105,  Union  Veteran  Legion,  was  organized  May  2,  1893,  with 
the  following  officers  and  members:  George  A.  Ludlow,  Col.;  Thomas  J.  Davies, 
Lt.  Col.;  J.  H.  Buckley,  Chap.;  J.  J.  Eogers,  Maj.;  J.  V.  Morgan,  0.  D.;  W.  W. 
English,  Q.  M.,  and  E.  E.  Allen,  E.  T.  Kelley,  J.  C.  Kriner,  Alexander  Leslie,  D.  H. 
Hotchkiss,  J.  H.  Eobbins,  H.  T.  Graves,  Bernhartt  Metzgar,  D.  E.  Bowen,  David 
Hart,  Ephraim  JefEers,  John  Fletcher,  and  Vihemus  Culver.  The  following  have 
served  as  colonels  of  the  encampment:  George  A.  Ludlow,  1893-93;  Ephraim 
Jeffers,  1894;  Koah  Wheeler,  1895;  J.  C.  Herrington,  1896,  and  Jonathan  V. 
Morgan,  1897.  There  are  now  sixty-eight  members.  The  encampment  meets  in 
George  Cook  Post  hall. 

Wellsloro  Lodge,  No.  949,  K.  of  H.,  was  organized  March  17,  1879,  with  twenty 
members.  It  meets  in  the  Converse  &  Williams  block  and  now  has  twenty-five 
members. 

Wellsioro  Lodge,  No.  72, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  was  organized  April  9,  1887,  with  twenty 
members.  The  first  officers  were  as  follows:  H.  D.  Gifford,  W.  C.  T.;  Mrs.  F.  A. 
Johnson,  W.  V.  T.;  C.  W.  Sears,  W.  C;  Prank  Watkins,  W.  S.;  Mrs.  C.  H.  Strait, 
W.  A.  S.;  William  G.  Shaw,  W.  P.  S.;  E.  A.  Johnson,  W.  T.;  James  Vandusen, 
W.  M.;  Mrs.  H.  G.  Ireland,  W.  I.  G.;  G.  W.  Merrick,  P.  W.  C.  T.  This  lodge  now 
numbers  about  sixty-eight  members  in  good  standing. 

Wellsioro  Tent,  No.  152,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  held  its  first  review  February  34,  1893, 
when  twenty-one  persons  became  charter  members.  A  charter  was  secured  April 
15,  1893.  The  first  officers  were:  A.  A.  Schand,  P.  C;  D.  W.  Navle,  C;  George 
A.  Weller,  L.  C;  S.  L.  Blair,  E.  K.;  Charles  E.  Grinnell,  P.  K.;  N".  W.  Mastin, 
Phy.;  James  Cummings,  S.;  Walter  Brooks,  M.  at  A.;  S.  L.  Baker,  M.  F.  of  G.; 
D.  C.  Hughes,  S.  M.  of  G.;  W.  D.  Furman,  S.;  D.  J.  Jackson,  P.  The  tent  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition  at  the  present  time,  and  the  membership  exceeds  sixty. 

Wellsioro  Hive,  No.  45,  L.O.T.  M.,  was  organized  March  39, 1894,  with  twenty- 
eight  charter  members.  The  first  officers  elected  were  as  follows:  Mrs.  A.  B.  East- 
man, L.  P.  C;  Mrs.  A.  A.  Schand,  P.  C;  Mrs.  0.  L.  Butts,  L.  C;  Mrs.  Belle  M. 
Allen,  E.  C;  Miss  Minnie  E.  Burgin,  P.  C;  Mrs.  Frank  Baldwin,  C;  Mrs.  C.  C. 


316  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

Kirtland,  S.;  Miss  Anna  Abemathy,  L.  M.  at  A.;  Mrs.  Eobert  Loyd,  S.;  Mrs.  G.  A. 
Weller,  P.     The  hive  now  numbers  thirty-three  members. 

Division  No.  5,  A.  0.  H.,  was  organized  April  32,  1894,  with  fifteen  members. 
Its  first  officers  were  as  follows:  M.  P.  Moran,  P.;  W.  B.  Sullivan,  V.  P.;  H.  L. 
Kerwin,  S.;  M.  J.  McMahon,  F.  S.,  and  E.  J.  Eogers,  T.  Its  meetings  are  held  in  the 
K.  of  H.  hall.     The  county  organization  of  this  order  numbers  about  300  members. 

wellsboeough's  militaet  band. 

The  first  "Brass  Band"  in  the  county  was  the  "Charleston  Band,"  organized 
about  1850.  Its  leader  was  the  late  Col.  Alanson  E.  Mies,  the  other  members 
being  as  follows:  Nathan  and  Nelson  Austin,  Sylvester  Kelley,  Lewis,  Job  and 
Almon  "Wetmore,  Henry  Dockstadter  and  Henry  Dartt,  all  residents  of  Charleston 
township.  This  band  maintained  its  organization  for  four  or  five  years  and  fre- 
quently made  its  appearance  in  Wellsboro,  being  called  upon  to  furnish  music  for 
public  celebrations  and  festal  occasions.  Then  came  the  Wetmore  Band,  composed 
of  Louis,  Job,  Almon  and  Philip  Wetmore.  This  was,  however,  a  string  band, 
organized  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  music  for  dances  and  other  social 
merry-makings.  When  the  Civil  War  came  Job  and  Almon  enlisted  in  Company 
H,  Sixth  Eeserves,  and  were  soon  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade  Band,  Pennsylvania 
Eeserves.  Philip,  who  enlisted  soon  afterwards,  did  duty  as  a  member  of  the 
Forty-fifth  Eegimental  Band,  and  later  as  a  bugler  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  After  the  close  of  the  war  this  band  was  re- 
organized and  continued  in  existence  until  1880. 

In  1870  a  small  brass  band  was  organized  in  Wellsboro.  Among  its  members 
were  Arthur  M.  Eoy,  Frank  A.  Deans,  and  Job,  Lewis  and  Almon  Wetmore.  It 
lasted  two  years.  During  the  intervening  years  it  has  had  a  number  of  successors, 
the  most  notable  being  the  Fire  Department  Band,  organized  in  1881;  the  Apollo 
Band,  organized  in  1883,  and  incorporated;  the  Academic  Literary  Society  Band, 
and  the  Wellsboro  Band,  organized  in  1896,  and  recently  re-named  Wellsborough's 
Military  Band.  From  1878  to  1880  Prof.  Fred  Hager,  of  Elmira,  New  York,  was 
employed  as  instructor  of  the  band  then  existing  and  brought  it  up  to  a  high 
standard  of  excellence.  In  the  meantime  the  Fisehler  brothers,  all  excellent 
musicians,  had  organized  an  orchestra.  From  these  various  bands  have  gone 
forth  a  number  of  noted  players  on  wind  and  string  instruments,  prominent  among 
whom  is  John  D.  VanOsten,  the  celebrated  trombone  player. 

The  band  as  now  organized  consists  of  thirty  pieces.  The  instruments  are 
the  finest  obtainable,  and  the  individual  members  are  all  excellent  musicians. 
Frank  A.  Deans,  the  leader,  has  been  identified,  as  member  and  leader,  with  the 
various  Wellsboro  bands,  since  1870.  He  has  all  the  qualifications  for  successful 
leadership  and  has  brought  the  band  up  to  a  high  standard  of  excellence,  until  it 
ranks  among  the  best  bands  in  the  State.  The  people  of  Wellsboro  take  a  Just 
pride  in  it  and  accord  it  a  generous  support. 


CHAPTEK  XX. 

WBLLSBOEO  (CONTINUED). 

The  Tioga  Pioneer— Its  Editors  and  Publishers— Removal  to  Tioga— Early 
Advertisements— The  Phoenix  Appears— The  Tioga  Herald— George  Hil- 
dreth,  the  Old-Time  Printer— The  Wellsboro  Advertiser— The  Wells- 
BORO  Agitator— The  Daily  Record— The  Tioga  Eagle  and  its  Successors 
—The  Wellsboro  Gazette— The  Tioga  Banner— The  Hermaic  Journal— 
The  Tioga  County  Leader— The  Republican  Advocate— A  Noted  Corre- 
spondent. 


THE  first  newspaper  published  in  Tioga  county  made  its  appearance  in  Wellsboro, 
December  3,  1825.  It  was  named  The  Tioga  Pioneer,  and  its  publishers  were 
Eankin  Lewis  &  Company.  Eankin  Lewis,  whose  name  appears  as  "printer"  in 
the  assessment  list  of  1826,  was  in  charge  of  the  mechanical  department.  His 
uncle,  Ellis  Lewis,  the  other  member  of  the  partnership,  and  the  editor,  was  a  young 
attorney  who  had  just  located  in  Wellsboro.  He  was  also  a  practical  printer  and 
had  for  a  short  time,  while  living  in  Williamsport,  been  connected  with  the  Lycoming 
Gazette.  The  plant  of  the  Tioga  Pioneer  consisted  of  a  Eamage  press — there  were 
no  others  in  those  days — which  had  been  secured  at  Sunbury  and  transported  over 
the  State  road  from  Williamsport,  together  with  a  small  quantity  of  type  and  other 
requisite  material.  The  paper  itself,  which,  considering  the  primitive  condition 
of  the  town  and  county,  was  appropriately  named,  was  a  folio  sheet,  with  four 
columns  to  the  page,  and  bore  this  expressive  motto  under  its  name:  "Knowledge 
is  power — is  wealth — ^is  happiness."  That  it  created  a  sensation  among  the  few 
inhabitants  of  the  town  is  not  doubted,  and  they  hailed  its  appearance  as  a  harbinger 
of  better  times.  Judge  Morris,  John  Norris  and  other  leading  men  of  the  village 
gave  the  enterprising  young  publishers  their  support  and  encouragement.  They 
now  felt  that  they  were  on  a  par  with  Williamsport,  although  the  Lycoming  Gazette 
had  been  founded  in  1801,  twenty-four  years  before. 

That  the  Tioga  Pioneer  encountered  many  difficulties  and  discouragements 
at  first,  and  was  irregular  in  making  its  appearance,  there  is  no  doubt.'  Such  was 
the  fate  of  all  enterprises  of  this  kind  started  on  the  verge  of  civilization.  The 
terms  of  the  paper  were  $1.50  in  advance;  $2  at  the  end  of  six  months,  and  $3  if 
not  paid  until  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  connection  of  Ellis  Lewis  with  the  Tioga  Pioneer  appears  to  have  lasted 
about  two  years.  Early  in  1827  the  plant  was  removed  to  Tioga  and  the  publication 
continued  there  under  the  old  name  and  firm,  with  William  Garretson  as  editor,  until 
1828,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Eev.  Elisha  Booth  and  its  name  changed  to  the 
Northern  Banner.  The  removal  to  Tioga  was  brought  about  by  Dr.  William  Willard 
and  his  friends,  who  were  also  ambitious  of  having  the  county  seat  removed  to  their 
town.  After  the  removal  of  the  paper  to  Tioga  and  its  purchase  by  Eev.  Elisha 
Booth,  William  Garretson  became  the  editor. 


318  HISTOKY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

During  the  two  years  the  paper  was  in  Wellsboro,  Ellis  Lewis  was  deep  in  the 
law,  and  had  little  or  no  time  to  devote  to  newspaper  work.  It  will  be  seen  by 
reference  to  his  biographical  sketch  that  he  was  politically  ambitious;  that  he  was 
living  in  Towanda  in  1828  and  in  1833  had  become  a  member  of  the  legislature, 
attorney  general  of  the  State  in  1833,  and  before  the  year  was  out  he  was  appointed 
a  president  judge.  He  was  then  only  about  thirty-five  years  of  age.  The  time  and 
effort  he  devoted  to  founding  and  editing  a  newspaper  may  have  been  the  stepping 
stone  to  his  political  and  judicial  preferment.  He  gave  aid  and  comfort  to  Governor 
Wolf,  who  showed  his  gratitude  by  rewarding  him. 

Copies  of  this  old  paper  are  very  scarce.  A  copy  before  us,  No.  7,  of  Vol.  H, 
is  dated  "Wellsboro,  Saturday,  January  13, 1827,  from  which,  figuring  back,  it  appears 
that  the  first  number  of  Vol.  1  must  have  been  issued  December  3,  1835.  Another 
copy  (No.  34,  of  Vol.  II),  is  dated  Saturday,  May  19,  1837.  Both  of  these  copies 
may  be  found  among  the  collection  of  old  papers  owned  by  Arthur  M.  Eoy,  one  of 
the  editors  and  publishers  of  the  Agitator. 

The  following  advertisement,  signed  by  Hobart  B.  Graves,  and  dated  Willards- 
burg,  March  5, 1837,  is  taken  from  the  issue  of  Saturday,  August  18,  1827: 

The  subscriber  has  established  a  distillery  in  the  villag-e  of  Williardsburg,  for  the 
purpose  of  manufacturing  -whiskey,  which  he  is  determined  shall  not  be  exceeded,  If 
equalled,  in  point  of  quality  by  any  made  or  offered  for  sale  in  this  region  of  country,  and 
will  exchange  for  rye  or  corn  on  reasonable  terms. 

All  things  are  good  that  he  can  mash. 
But  none  so  good  as  grain  or  cash. 

There  is  also  a  notice  signed  by  the  publishers,  Eankin  Lewis  &  Company,  to 
the  effect  that  "wheat,  rye  and  oats  will  be  taken  in  payment"  for  the  paper,  which 
was  then  issued  at  Willardsburg,  to  which  place  it  was  removed  in  February  or 
March,  1837. 

THE  PHOENIX  APPEAES. 

The  removal  of  the  Tioga  Pioneer  to  Tioga  left  Wellsboro  without  a  paper 
until  Saturday,  August  18,  1837,  when  the  first  number  of  a  new  paper  called  the 
Phoenix  made  its  appearance.  The  publisher  was  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  a  spirited  and 
versatile  writer,  who  became  one  of  the  representative  men  of  the  town.  The  motto 
of  the  new  paper  was:  "The  liberty  of  the  press  is  the  palladium  of  our  rights." 
The  paper  was  Democratic  in  politics  and  ardently  supported  Jackson  and  Calhoun 
for  president  and  vice-president  in  1828.  Mr.  Smith  secured  the  services  of  John 
P.  Donaldson,  a  young  printer  from  Danville,  through  Tunison  Coryell,  who  was 
then  publishing  the  Lycoming  Gazette,  in  Williamsport,  and  with  his  aid  in  the 
mechanical  department  the  Phoenix  started  on  its  career  with  considerable  spirit  and 
vigor.  Smith  was  a  cultured  and  original  writer,  quite  a  humorist,  and  considerably 
above  mediocrity  in  intellect. 

The  people  of  Wellsboro  were  greatly  elated  at  again  having  a  newspaper  in 
their  midst,  as  it  placed  them  once  more  on  an  equal  footing  with  their  active  rivals 
at  Willardsburg.  Politics,  too,  was  rife  in  those  days,  and  it  is  a  question  whether 
the  political  animosities  were  not  more  bitter  and  intense  then  than  they  are  to-day. 
The  Phoenix  ran  along  quite  smoothly  for  a  few  years,  when  it  began  to  meet  with 
reverses  and  trouble  loomed  up  to  retard  its  progress.     Much  of  Editor  Smith's 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  3^9 


attention  was  given  up  to  looking  after  other  business,  and  Mr.  Donaldson  was 
devoting  some  time  to  clerking  in  tlie  prothonotarjr's  office,  aad  studying  the  polities 
of  the  day.  The  paper  finally  languished,  grew  weaker,  and  at  last  suspended.  This 
was  a  blow  to  the  prospects  of  the  town.  A  county  seat  without  an  organ  looked  bad 
for  the  people,  to  say  nothing  of  the  aspiring  politicians.  Pressure  and  promises 
were  brought  to  bear,  and  in  1833  Mr.  Smith  was  induced  to  revive  the  Phoenix,  in 
partnership  with  Charles  Coolidge.  But  it  did  not  last  long  under  this  manage- 
ment. Smith  had  tired  of  newspaper  work;  and  disappointment  had  something 
to  do  with  his  decreasing  interest.  Consequently,  in  1834,  the  paper  was  sold  to 
John  P.  Donaldson,  the  old  printer,  who  conducted  it  for  two  years.  In  January, 
1836,  Mr.  Donaldson  was  appointed  prothonotary  of  Tioga  county  by  Governor 
Kitner.  He  had  labored  hard  to  secure  the  office,  but  when  the  three  years 
passed  away  Governor  Porter  appointed  A.  S.  Brewster.  In  1839  the  office  became 
elective,  when  Mr.  Donaldson  obtained  the  nomination,  and  was  elected;  and  through 
his  political  sagacity,  aided  by  an  exceedingly  obliging  disposition,  he  managed  to 
be  re-elected  at  the  close  of  each  term  until  1873.  With  but  a  single  break  of  one 
term  he  served  altogether  for  thirty-six  years — thirty-three  of  which  were  con- 
tinuous. 

With  the  departure  of  Mr.  Donaldson  from  the  Phoenix  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  Josiah  Emery  and  Asa  H.  Corey,  and  they  continued  its  publication  until  the 
summer  of  1838,  when  it  was  sold  to  Mr.  Hartman.  He  seems  to  have  changed  the 
name  to  Tioga  Phoenix  and  Potter  County  Gazette.  Soon  after  Emery  again 
appears  as  publisher,  with  J.  Merry  as  editor.  The  number  before  us  giving  these 
facts  is  dated  March  17, 1838,  whole  number  491.  This  would  indicate  an  existence 
of  nearly  ten  and  a  haK  years.  Hartman,  who  seemed  to  have  a  controlling 
interest,  changed  the  name  to  the  Herald,  but  it  nowhere  appears  just  when  this 
occurred.  The  paper  evidently  had  a  precarious  existence.  Sometime  in  1838 
Hartman  died  and  the  establishment  passed  into  the  hands  of  Howe  &  Eumsey.  In 
the  meantime  the  polities  of  the  paper  seems  to  have  been  changed  from  Democratic 
to  Whig,  thus  leaving  the  Democrats  without  a  party  organ. 

THE  TIOGA  HERALD. 

This  paper,  which  appears  to  have  been  the  successor  of  the  Herald  mentioned 
ia  the  foregoing  paragraph,  began  its  career  November  35,  1845,  with  Henry  D. 
Eumsey  as  pubUsher.  In  December,  184G,  George  Hildreth  took  charge  of  the 
paper,  which  soon  after  came  out  as  the  Tioga  County  Herald.  It  was  Whig  in 
politics,  and  the  plant  was  the  property  of  a  stock  company,  organized  doubtless  for 
the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  party  organ  at  the  county  seat. 

Mr.  Hildreth  was  a  true  type  of  the  old-time  printer.  He  was  born  in  Delmar 
township,  December  3,  1818,  and  in  1837,  when  but  nine  years  of  age,  became  an 
apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  Pheonix,  soon  after  it  was  started  by  Benjamin  B. 
Smith.  The  office  of  the  paper  was  then  in  a  room  in  the  home  of  Mr.  Smith,  which 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Sarah  M.  Billings,  on  Main  street.  In 
1836,  when  Mr.  Donaldson  sold  out,  Hildreth  went  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
obtained  a  situation  as  compositor  on  the  United  States  Gazette,  which  paper  was 
afterwards  merged  into  the  North  American.  He  worked  there  for  a  year  and  a 
half  and  was  known  as  the  most  rapid  typesetter  in  the  office.     He  was  frequently 


320  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

heard  commenting  upon  his  record  of  a  daily  average  of  10,000  ems  in  composition 
while  he  was  engaged  in  that  city.  This  is  considered  a  remarkable  record  among 
printers  for  a  single  day's  work  under  pressure;  but  such  an  average,  covering  a  long 
period,  attests  the  faithfulness  and  untiring  industry  of  the  man. 

In  one  sense  Mr.  Hildreth  was  the  Nestor  of  the  Agitator,  the  establishment 
in  which  he  learned  his  trade  being  the  progenitor  of  that  paper,  and  the  line  being 
continued  unbroken  to  this  day.  After  retiring  from  the  Herald  Mr.  Hildreth 
engaged  in  farming  at  Stony  Pork  and  so  continued  for  many  years;  but  during  that 
time  if  an  extra  hand  was  wanted  in  the  Agitator  office  he  was  frequently  employed 
until  the  rush  was  over.  In  January,  1870,  he  was  regularly  employed  in  the 
office  and  continued  with  little  loss  of  time  until  1890.  In  announcing  his  death, 
which  occurred  December  11,  1892,  the  Agitator  gave  this  interesting  sketch  of 
his  life: 

Mr.  Hildretli  was  forced  to  give  up  his  work  here  by  reason  of  failing  health  and  de- 
clining mental  vigor.  For  many  months  before  he  relinquished  his  place  at  the  "case" 
it  was  noticeable  to  those  around  him  by 

The  types  decreasing  click,  click, 
As  they  fell  within  his  "stick," 
That  of  his  life's  clock  the  tick 
Was  running  down. 

He  was  an  accurate  compositor,  untiring  and  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his*  duty, 
and  his  great  fund  of  general  information  made  him  a  most  valuable  helper  in  the  de- 
partment for  which  he  had  been  specially  trained.  Mr.  Hildreth  was  a  printer  of  the  old 
school.  He  knew  comparatively  nothing  of  the  art  of  job  printing,  and  he  used  to  say 
that  when  he  was  young  that  deiJartment  of  the  printing  business  was  a  mere  cipher,  a 
few  posters  or  an  occasional  sig-n-card  or  legal  form  being  the  extent  of  the  demand  made 
on  a  country  printer,  and  even  of  such  work  the  jobs  were  few  in  a  year. 

When  we  come  to  think  of  the  experiences  of  Mr.  Hildreth  in  early  life,  we  are  for- 
cibly reminded  that  in  no  business  or  practical  art  has  there  been  greater  improvement 
during  the  last  half  century  than  in  the  appUances  and  machinery  for  printing.  When 
young  Hildreth  worked  in  the  Phoenix  of&ce,  that  paper  was  printed  on  a  Bamage  hand- 
press,  and  it  is  probable  that  all  the  type  and  tools  of  the  office  were  worth  less  than  $300, 
and  if  that  paper  had  a  circulation  of  300  copies  it  was  considered  good  in  those  days. 
The  forms  were  made  up  and  proofs  taken  and  corrections  made  on  the  press.  The  type- 
forms  were  inked  with  two  balls  made  of  leather  and  stuffed  with  cotton;  and  when  the 
composition  rollers  came  into  use,  by  which  the  speed  of  printing  the  papers  on  those 
old  hand-lever  presses,  "the  levers  of  the  world,"  could  be  increased  to  350  or  300  an  hour, 
those  old-time  newspaper  proprietors  felt  more  pride  over  the  matter  than  a  proprietor 
does  to-day  in  fitting  out  his  office  with  stereotyping  machinery  and  a  perfecting  press 
capable  of  turning  out  in  an  hour  15,000  completely  printed  and  folded  newspapers. 

Mr.  Hildreth's  paper  cutter  was  a  shoe  knife  and  a  straight-edge.  Besides  his  crude 
press,  fifty  years  ago  a  dozen  fonts  of  type,  all  told,  comprised  the  outfit,  besides  a  wood 
stove,  a  mallet,  shooting-stick,  composing-stick,  and  perhaps  a  wooden  galley  or  two. 
This  reminds  us  that  in  the  Agitator  office  to-day  is  an  old  wooden  galley  made  of  pine, 
the  only  connecting  link  left  to  remind  us  of  the  Phoenix  of  sixty-five  years  ago,  when 
typesetting  at  night  was  done  by  the  light  of  tallow  "dips,"  and  when  to  be  an  editor 
meant  also  to  be  business  manager,  typesetter,  pressman  and  chore  boy — and  it  was  a 
precarious  living  at  best. 

Mr.  Hildreth  was  a  man  of  the  strictest  integrity.  His  experiences  in  life  had  made 
him  something  of  a  pessimist.  He  was  naturally  retiring  and  almost  unapproachable  by 
strangers,  who  were  unable  to  understand  the  character  of  a  man  of  such  habitual 
silence  and  reserve.    But  those  who  knew  him  best  had  the  utmost  respect  for  him  be- 


WBLLSBOEO   (CONTINUED).  321 


cause  of  his  many  excellent  qualities  of  mind  and  heart.  We  doubt  if  there  is  another 
printer  in  the  State  who  has  spent  so  many  years  at  the  "case"  as  had  Mr.  Hildreth.  The 
final  "proof"  of  his  life  has  been  taken,  and  we  believe  that  it  will  be  found  to  contain 
few  errors. 

The  Herald  was  continued  until  1849,  when  the  plant  was  sold  to  William  D. 
Bailey,  Mr.  Hildreth  retiring  to  Stony  Fork,  where  he  engaged  in  farming. 

THE  WELLSBOBO  ADVEHTISEE. 

In  1849  the  Herald  was  purchased  by  William  D.  Bailey,  who  started  a  new  paper, 
named  The  Wellsboro  Advertiser,  the  first  number  of  which  was  issued  August  8, 1845. 
This  paper  was  conducted  with  decided  ability  and  was  noted  for  its  neat  typo- 
graphical appearance.  It  was  Whig  in  polities  and  gave  that  party  unfaltering 
support.  Like  Hildreth,  Bailey  was  a  thorough  printer  of  the  olden  time,  and 
probably  learned  his  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Pioneer  or  the  Phoenix.  On  Septem- 
ber 30,  1853,  Louis  J.  Cummings,  of  Muncy,  Pennsylvania,  became  a  partner  with 
Mr.  Bailey  and  assumed  editorial  charge  of  the  Advertiser,  the  firm  being  Louis  J. 
Cummings  &  Company.  In  December,  1853,  Cummings  retired,  and  Bailey  resumed 
control.  He  continued  to  publish  the  paper  until  July,  1854,  when  he  sold  the 
plant  to  M.  H.  Cobb.  The  Advertiser  then  passed  out  of  existence,  and  its  successor, 
the  Wellsboro  Agitator,  made  its  appearance. 

After  selling  out  to  Mr.  Cobb,  Bailey  worked  for  him  a  few  years  and  then 
went  to  Williamsport  to  take  charge  of  the  jobbing  department  of  the  Bulletin. 
When  the  Bulletin  and  Gazette  were  consolidated,  in  N'ovember,  1869,  he  served 
as  foreman  of  the  daily  for  several  years.  Sometime  in  the  seventies  he  went  to 
Belief onte  to  take  charge  of  a  religious  publication,  and  there  he  died  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  eighties.  His  youngest  son,  JSTewton,  is  now  the  publisher  of  a  temperance 
paper  in  Belief  onte  called  the  Magnet. 

THE  WELLSBOEO  A6ITAT0B. 

The  first  number  of  this  paper  appeared  in  July,  1854,  the  founder  being  M. 
H.  Cobb.  He  was  a  brilhant  and  captivating  writer;  his  style  was  clear  and  his 
choice  of  words  singularly  apt  and  appropriate.  As  partners  he  had  Laugher  Bache 
and  W.  W.  McDougall.  In  1857  Mr.  Cobb  purchased  the  interest  of  his  partners 
and  became  sole  proprietor  and  editor.  But  the  brilliancy  of  his  writing  had 
attracted  so  much  attention  that,  toward  the  close  of  1858,  he  was  solicited  to  accept 
a  place  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  'Se.w  York  World,  a  journal  then  being  started 
as  a  daily  religious  paper.  The  offer  was  a  flattering  one  and  he  accepted.  He 
then  sold  out  to  Hon.  Hugh  Young  at  a  slight  advance  on  the  original  cost  of  the 
plant,  which  was  $850.  Mr.  Cobb  retired  from  the  Agitator  January  37,  1859,  and 
on  the  same  day  his  successor  published  his  salutatory. 

Mr.  Young  was  an  accomplished  and  vigorous  writer  and  under  his  management 
the  paper  prospered.  He  purchased  new  type  and  greatly  improved  the  mechanical 
appearance,  and  also  gave  closer  attention  to  the  gathering  of  local  news,  which 
enhanced  the  value  of  the  paper.  During  the  exciting  period  preceding  the  out- 
break of  the  Civil  War,  Mr.  Young  spent  six  weeks  in  Washington  and  wrote  a 
series  of  letters  to  the  Agitator,  which  attracted  much  attention,  on  account  of 
the  valuable  information  they  gave  about  men  and  affairs,  and  the  outlook  of  war. 

21 


322  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

When  war  came  and  the  patriotism  of  the  people  of  Tioga  county  was  raised  to  the 
highest  pitch,  the  Agitator  was  industrious  in  giving  the  news  to  the  public,  and  the 
correspondence  from  eye-witnesses  in  the  field  and  camp  made  it  much  sought  after. 

Mr.  Cobb  soon  tired  of  his  New  York  experience,  and  returning  to  Wellsboro 
in  January,  1863,  repurchased  the  paper  and  resumed  his  old  place  at  the  hehn. 
In  1864  he  put  in  a  cyHnder  press.  This  was  a  long  stride  forward  ia  local 
journalism.  In  December,  1865,  P.  C.  Van  Gelder  acquired  a  half  iaterest, 
and  they  straightway  enlarged  the  paper  to  seven  columns.  It  ran  along  in 
this  way  until  January,  1867,  when  it  was  again  enlarged.  On  January  1,  1870, 
Mr.  Cobb  sold  his  interest  to  John  I.  Mitchell  (now  president  judge)  and  retired  to 
accept  a  responsible  position  in  the  United  States  mint,  Philadelphia.  The  new  firm 
of  Van  Gelder  &  Mitchell  lasted  a  year,  when  Mr.  Mitchell  retired  and  Mr.  Van 
Gelder  became  sole  owner.  He  employed  George  W.  Sears  to  edit  the  paper.  Mr. 
Sears  had  dabbled  in  literature  considerably,  was  a  poet  of  no  mean  order,  and  a  man 
of  extensive  travel  and  keen  observation. 

On  January  1,  1873,  A.  F.  Barnes,  of  Bath,  New  York,  bought  a  half  interest 
in  the  Agitator,  and  September  1,  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Van  Gelder  sold  his 
remaining  interest  to  Arthur  M.  Eoy,  of  Wellsboro,  and  the  firm  became  Barnes 
&  Eoy.  A  new  dress  of  type  was  soon  purchased,  and  in  1873  a  new  Potter  power 
press  was  added  to  the  ofiice  equipment.  The  size  of  the  paper  was  also  increased 
to  nine  columns,  making  it  one  of  the  largest  weeklies  in  the  State.  Under  the 
management  of  Messrs.  Barnes  &  Eoy  the  Agitator  has  not  only  been  prosperous 
and  progressive,  but  is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  weekly  newspapers  in  the 
State.  In  its  typographical  appearance  it  is  exceedingly  neat  and  clean.  It  is 
edited  with  great  care.  Mr.  Barnes  is  a  close  political  student  and  a  strong  and 
lucid  writer.  Mr.  Eoy  edits  the  local  department  and  gleans  the  news  of  the  week 
with  care  and  assiduity.  His  attention  is  also  given  to  the  mechanical  and  pubUsh- 
tag  departments.  Excelsior  has  ever  been  the  word  in  the  Agitator  ofiice.  As 
early  as  November  10,  1874,  steam  was  introduced  to  drive  the  presses  and 
machinery;  and  this  was  the  first  time  that  a  paper  was  printed  by  steam  in  the 
county.  This  was  afterwards  supplanted  by  a  water  motor,  which  gives  better  satis- 
faction. For  a  weekly  paper  the  Agitator  is  superbly  equipped  in  every  department. 
In  politics  it  is  staunchly  Eepublican. 

As  evidence  of  the  high  standard  attained  by  this  paper.  Newspaper dom,  of 
New  York,  in  November,  1895,  reproduced  a  whole  page  of  the  Agitator  in  miniature, 
the  size  being  reduced  about  three  by  three  and  three-fourths  inches.  Every 
letter  is  distinctly  legible  under  a  strong  glass.  Eeferring  to  the  paper  Newspaper- 
dom  says: 

The  Wellsboro  Agitator  is  a  fine  example  of  the  big-pag-e  newspaper.  We  hare 
reproduced  the  editorial  page  of  this  paper,  because  the  many  good  qualities  of  the 
newspaper  are  here  so  well  combined  as  to  form  an  object-lesson  in  newspaper  making- 

The  Daily  Record  was  issued  for  five  mornings  in  May,  1882,  from  the  Agitator 
oifice  by  The  Eecord  Publishing  Company,  composed  of  Barnes  &  Eoy,  of  the 
Agitator,  and  0.  S.  Webster  and  S.  E.  English,  employes  in  the  office.  It  was  a 
small  but  neatly  printed  sheet  and  was  started  for  the  purpose  of  publishing  the 
proceedings  in   the  trial  of   Floyd  Whitney,  of  Chatham,  who  was   indicted  for 


WBLLSBOKO  (contintjbd).  323 


homicide.     The  trial  ended  in  his  conviction  for  manslaughter.     The  paper  then 
suspended. 

THE    TIOGA    EAGLE    AND    ITS    SUCOESSOES. 

In  1838  the  attitude  of  the  Herald  antagonizing  the  Democratic  party  in  the 
county,  and  a  recent  transfer  of  the  Gazette,  of  Williamsport,  being  inimical  to  the 
party's  success  in  this  congressional  district,  five  citizens  of  Wellsboro  and  one  of 
Tioga,  contributed  $643  for  the  establishment  of  a  strictly  Democratic  organ  at  the 
county  seat.  All  the  preliminaries  having  been  arranged,  James  P.  Magill  was 
invited  to  take  charge  of  the  new  paper,  which  was  named  The  Tioga  Eagle,  its  motto 
being,  "Equal  Rights  and  No  Monopolies." 

Mr.  Magill  conducted  the  paper  with  marked  ability  and  success  until  August, 
1848,  when  Alva  E.  Jones  obtained  an  interest  in  it,  and  the  iirm  of  Magill  &  Jones 
published  the  Eagle  until  October  21,  1848,  when  Jones  retired.  Mr.  Magill  con- 
tinued the  paper  alone  until  January,  185D,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  J.  and  W. 
Kirk.  On  January  1,  1853,  Mr.  Magill  again  assumed  control,  and  the  Eagle  soon 
afterward  appeared  with  the  following  as  its  motto:  "That  country  is  the  most 
prosperous  where  labor  commands  the  greatest  reward."  This  was  an  extract  from 
one  of  the  speeches  of  James  Buchanan,  who  was  then  a  rising  politician  and  ex- 
ponent of  Democratic  principles.  Mr.  Magill  continued  as  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Eagle  until  1856  or  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia. 

Col.  James  P.  Magill  was  of  Irish  descent,  his  parents  emigrating  from  County 
Antrim  about  the  end  of  the  first  decade  of  the  present  century.  Their  children, 
James,  William  and  Eliza,  were  educated  at  the  Germantown  Academy,  near  which 
the  family  had  settled.  James  and  William  became  compositors  in  the  Daily 
Pennsylvanian  office,  conducted  by  John  Rice.  In  1851  Mr.  Magill  was  elected 
register  and  recorder,  and  served  until  1854.  He  married  Sarah  Eliza,  daughter 
of  James  Goodrich,  of  Tioga,  December  4,  1845;  was  elected  major  general  of  the 
Ninth  division,  Pennsylvania  Militia;  was  vestryman  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  church, 
and  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows  societies  of  Wellsboro.  Gov- 
ernor Packer  made  him  an  aid-de-camp  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  hence 
the  title  by  which  he  was  generally  addressed.  He  subsequently  appointed  him 
collector  of  the  North  Branch  cajial,  with  station  at  Pittston.  On  his  purchase  of 
the  Sunday  Mercury,  of  Philadelphia,  jointly  with  G.  W.  Jones,  in  1857,  Governor 
Packer  commissioned  him  one  of  the  eleven  notaries  public  of  that  city,  and 
securing  the  business  of  four  of  the  banks,  he  was  retained  by  them  by  annual 
election  for  thirty-one  years  as  their  notary,  and  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
May  2,  1889,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year.  His  wife  died  March  19,  previously, 
which  had  much  to  do  in  hastening  his  own  death. 

The  successor  of  The  Tioga  Eagle  appears  to  have  been  The  Wellsboro  Weekly 
Democrat,  established  under  that  name  in  1858.  The  issue  of  October  3,  1858,  was 
No.  3,  of  Vol.  XX,  and  the  publishers  claimed  that  the  Democrat  was  "the  oldest 
Democratic  journal  in  this  section  of  Pennsylvania,"  thus  showing  that,  in  everything 
but  name,  it  was  practically  a  continuation  of  The  Tioga  Eagle.  At  this  time  C.  G. 
Williams  was  the  editor  and  R.  Jenkins  the  publisher.  In  December,  1861,  the  office 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  for  several  months  no  Democratic  paper  was  issued  in 


324  HISTOKY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

Wellsboro,  and  there  was  some  little  dissatisfaction  among  the  Democrats-  on  that 
account. 

Efforts  were  finally  made  to  found  another  paper.   In  April,  1863,  E.  Jenkins 
was  pursuaded  to  procure  new  material  and  start   a  paper,   under  the   promise  of 
liberal  support.    He  did  so  and  called  it  the  Tioga  County  Banner.    But  it  only 
appeared  for  a  few  months,  when  he  sold  it  to  a  company  at  Tioga  and  it  was 
removed  there.    The  faction  at  Wellsboro  was  greatly  chagrined  over  the  triumph 
of  the  faction  down  the  river,  and  some  boisterous  talk  was  indulged  in.    The  result 
was  that  the  paper  did  not  long  remain  at  Tioga.     A  spirited  contest  for  Congress 
was  going  on  between  Stephen  F.  Wilson,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Theodore  Wright,  of 
Lock  Haven.      Mr.  Wright  had  been  the  editor  of  the  Gazette,  at  Williamsport,  in 
the  early  fifties;  then  of  the  Democrat,  at  Lock  Haven.     On  the  discovery  of  oil  at 
Titusville  he  was  among  the  early  speculators;  was  lucky,  and  soon  accumulated  a 
handsome    fortune.      The    Democrats  nominated    him  for  Congress  in  1863,  and 
being   possessed  of  ample   means   he  at "  once   entered   on   a   vigorous   campaign. 
Finding  no  Democratic  paper  at  the  county  seat  of  Tioga,  Mr.  Wright  purchased 
the  Banner,  brought  it  back  from  the  village  of  Tioga  to  Wellsboro  and  handed  it 
over  to  the  Democratic  county  committee.     The  committee  then  employed  Prof. 
M.  IST.  Allen  to  edit  and  publish  a  Democratic  paper.     The  campaign  was  animated 
and  bitter,  being   conducted  at  the  most    exciting  period    of  the  war.      Notwith- 
standing Mr.  Wright's  generosity,  he  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Wilson.     The   paper 
was  only  continued  about  a  year,  when  it  suspended.     In  the  meantime  Mr.  Wright, 
having  lost  his  fortune,  returned  to  journalism.     For  twenty  years  or  more  he  has 
been  the  accomplished  and  able  managing  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  Record,  one 
of  the  brightest,  ablest  and  most  progressive  dailies  in  the  Quaker  City. 

After  this  last  suspension  the  Democrats  were  without  a  paper  for  a  year  or 
more,  when,  in  1866,  C.  H.  Keeler  purchased  the  material  of  the  Tioga  County 
Banner,  changed  the  title  and  began  the  publication  of  the  Herald  of  the  Union.  In 
1867  he  sold  the  paper  to  the  Democratic  county  committee,  Charles  G.  Williams 
was  appointed  editor,  and  the  name  was  changed  back  to  Democrat.  Mr.  Williams 
published  the  paper  until  the  fall  of  1869,  when  Mr.  Jenkins  again  became  the 
publisher  and  so  continued  until  July,  1873,  when  the  plant  passed  into  the  hands 
of  Messrs.  Ferguson  &  Schlick.  The  connection  of  Mr.  Schlick  with  the  paper  was 
of  short  duration,  and  Mr.  Ferguson  assumed  control  and  continued  its  publication 
about  a  year. 

THE     WELLSBOEO     GAZETTE. 

Another  effort  was  now  made  by  the  county  committee  to  found  a  permanent 
Democratic  paper.  In  November,  1874,  F.  G.  Churchill,  of  Elmira,  was  persuaded 
to  come  to  Wellsboro  and  take  charge  of  the  new  paper.  He  was  an  active,  enter- 
prising man,  and  had  some  training  in  journalism  on  the  Gazette  of  that  city.  Liberal 
support  was  promised  him.  ,  The  material  of  the  old  Democrat  was  consolidated  with 
the  job  office  of  Dr.  Kobert  Eoy,  and  a  new  paper  entitled  the  Wellsboro  Gazette  was 
issued.    Under  the  vigorous  management  of  Mr.  Churchill  it  started  off  well. 

During  the  exciting  trial  of  the  First  National  Bank  robbers  he  published  a 
bright  little  daily,  commencing  December  2,  1874,  and  ending  December  13,  which 
gave  the  proceedings  in  full  every  morning.     It  was  highly  prized  during  the  pro- 


WELLSBOHO    (CONTINUED).  325 

gress  of  that  exciting  event.     A  bound  copy  is  now  preserved  among  the  county 
archives  in  the  commissioners'  office. 

Early  in  1877  Mr.  Churchill  associated  with  him  S.  N.  Havens.  On  August  1, 
1877,  Frank  Conevery  bought  Mr.  Churchill's  interest,  and  the  latter  accepted  an 
appointment  in  the  auditor  general's  office,  at  Harrisburg,  the  Democrats  having 
elected  William  P.  Schell  to  the  head  of  that  department.  The  firm  then  became 
Havens  &  Conevery.  They  at  once  put  in  a  steam  power  press  and  a  full  line  of 
jobbing  and  other  material.  In  November,  1881,  Mr.  Havens  sold  his  interest  to 
Herbert  Huntington,  who,  in  November,  1885,  sold  to  F.  K.  Wright.  On  January  1, 
1895,  Mr.  Wright  disposed  of  his  interest  to  Mr.  Conevery,  who  has  since  been  the 
*«J  editor  and  publisher. 

The  Gazette,  like  all  the  papers  of  Wellsboro,  is  noted  for  its  neat  typographical 
appearance  and  close  attention  to  the  publication  of  local  news.  It  has  a  large 
circulation;  is  thoroughly  Democratic  in  principle  and  sturdily  maintains  the  doc- 
trines of  its  party.  The  office  is  well  equipped  with  material  for  Job  printing.  After 
the  iatroduction  of  the  water  works  system,  steam  was  discarded  and  a  water  motor 
substituted. 

THE  TIOGA  BANNEE. 

This  paper,  the  original  name  of  which  was  The  Troy  Banner,  made  its  appear- 
ance in  Troy,  Bradford  county.  May  34,  1846,  with  W.  C.  Webb,  "printer,  proprietor 
and  editor."     The  issue  of  November  12,  1846,  contained  the  following: 

Our  friends  in  Tioga  are  determined  to  have  a  regular  Democratic  press  in  their 
county,  and  they  have  proposed  that  we  remove  our  establishment  to  their  county  seat. 

The  invitation  to  locate  in  Wellsboro  was  accepted  and  the  plant  removed.  The 
first  issue  bearing  a  Wellsboro  date  was  that  of  November  26,  1846,  and  it  contained 
the  following  editoral  announcement: 

It  will  be  our  purpose  to  support  and  advocate  the  true  principles  of  JefEersonian 
Democracy,  honestly  believing  that  the  true  policy  of  our  government  is  founded  upon 
them. 

Previous  to  its  removal  to  Wellsboro  the  Banner  was  issued  once  in  every  two 
weeks.  After  the  removal  its  name  was  changed  to  The  Tioga  Banner  and  it  appeared 
weekly.  "Brick"  Pomeroy  learned  the  rudiments  of  typesetting  in  this  office.  It 
continued  to  be  published  regularly  for  several  years.  The  issue  of  June  20,  1848, 
contained  an  announcement  that  the  paper  would  be  enlarged  with  the  next  number. 
This  is  the  last  number  in  the  file  examined,  but  it  is  presumed  the  enlargement  took 
place  and  the  publication  continued  for  some  time  afterward. 

THE    HEEMAIC    JOUBNAL. 

This  paper  was  started  October  3,  1871,  as  the  organ  of  the  Hermaic  Society, 
Arthur  M.  Eoy  publisher.  This  society  was  founded  May  11,  1869,  by  the  young 
men  of  Wellsboro  as  a  debating  and  literary  society.  Duiing  the  winter  of  1871  such 
eminent  lecturers  as  Frederick  Douglass,  Anna  Dickinson,  "Petroleum  V.  Nasby," 
Mary  A.  Livermore,  and,  others,  lectured  before  the  society.  The  Journal  was  a  neat 
and  spicy  little  paper,  but  its  career  ended  with  the  eleventh  number,  which  contained 
a  statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  society  during  the  lecture  season. 


326  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA   COUNTY. 


from  which  it  appears  that  the  receipts  were  $1,366.50  and  the  expenses  were 
$1,308.60,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $57.90. 

THE  TIOGA  COUNTY  LEADER. 

This  paper  was  started  in  1878  by  0.  S.  "Webster,  the  material  used  in  printing 
The  Idea  at  Westfield  having  been  brought  to  Wellsboro  for  that  purpose  in  a  two- 
horse  wagon.  It  being  dark  when  the  party  arrived,  the  team  was  driven  into  the 
barn  of  the  old  Coles  House  for  safety  during  the  night.  But  the  load  being  heavy 
broke  through  the  floor  and  sunk  a  foot  or  two  without  damage  to  the  horses  or 
wagon.  Mr.  Webster  went  into  the  hotel  and  said  to  Mr.  Coles:  "Well,  the  team, 
wagon  and  whole  Idea,  have  broken  through  your  barn  floor,  and  what  shall  I  do?" 
The  wreck,  however,  was  recovered  and  the  Leader  started  in  due  time.  It  was  pub-  * 
lished  until  1881  as  the  organ  of  the  Greenback  party,  when  it  suspended  and  the 
material  was  sold. 

THE  REPUBLICAN  ADVOCATE. 

This,  the  youngest  of  Wellsboro's  papers,  was  founded  July  16, 1884,  by  Charles 
Gr.  Fairman  and  J.  Lewis  Whittet,  his  son-in-law.  The  material  was  moved  from 
Batavia,  New  York.  Mr.  Pairman  had  been  for  several  years  the  editor  of  the 
Elmira  Advertiser,  the  leading  daily  newspaper  in  the  southern  tier,  and  was  a  bril- 
liant and  able  political  writer.  While  preparing  to  issue  the  Republican  Advocate, 
Mr.  Fairman  was  taken  ill,  and  died  at  the  Coles  House,  Wellsboro,  where  he  was 
temporarily  staying,  a  few  days  before  the  first  issue  of  the  paper.  His  death  was 
a  severe  loss  to  his  friends  and  to  the  enterprise,  but  it  was  not  abandoned.  His  son- 
in-law  issued  the  paper,  published  it  under  the  firm  name  of  Fairman  &  Whittet 
until  September  34,  1884.  The  interest  of  the  Fairman  heirs  was  then  purchased 
by  James  H.  Matson,  who,  in  connection  with  Mr.  Whittet,  continued  the  pubUcation 
of  the  paper  until  January  20,  1886,  when  Mr.  Whittet  retired.  November  3, 1886, 
W.  L.  Shearer  purchased  an  interest,  and  the  firm  became  Matson  &  Shearer.  On 
March  10,  1891,  Mr.  Matson  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Shearer,  who  has  edited  and 
published  the  paper  to  the  present  time.  The  office  is  well  equipped,  the  machinery 
being  driven  by  a  water  motor.  The  paper  is  neatly  printed,  ably  edited,  enjoys  a 
large  and  increasing  circulation,  and,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  Republican  in  polities. 

A  NOTED  CORRESPONDENT. 

The  noted  newspaper  correspondent,  Henry  J.  Eamsdell,  was  foreman  in  the 
Agitator  office  when  the  war  broke  out.  He  was  born  in  Chautauqua  county,  New 
York,  August  11,  1839,  and  was  therefore  about  twenty-two  years  of  age  when  the 
call  for  troops  was  made.  He  was  among  the  first  to  volunteer  from  Wellsboro  and 
became  a  sergeant  of  Company  H,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Reserve.  Mr.  Eamsdell  saw 
much  service  and  was  wounded  at  Antietam.  When  discharged  he  entered  joumaUsm 
and  soon  made  his  mark  as  a  correspondent.  In  1865  he  became  attached  to  the 
staff  of  the  Tribune  in  Washington,  and  afterwards  was  correspondent  for  the 
Cincinnati  Commercial,  and  the  Philadelphia  Times  and  Press.  He  accompanied 
the  congressional  commission  to  San  Domingo  and  Alaska.  President  Garfield 
appointed  him  register  of  wills  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  last  paper  signed 
by  the  president  (July  2, 1881,)  before  he  was  shot  by  Guiteau,  was  Eamsdell's  com- 


WELLSBOEO   (OONTINUED).  327 


mission.  President  Cleveland  remoYed  him  from  office.  He  was  a  warm  friend  and 
admirer  of  Blaine  and  did  much  to  promote  the  political  interests  of  that  eminent 
statesman.  Mr.  Eamsdell  died  at  Washington,  May  25,  1887.  His  wife  was  a 
daughter  of  "WilHam  Garretson,  of  Tioga. 


CHAPTEE  XXI. 

WELLSBOEO  (CONTINUED). 

incoeporated  as  a  borough— flest  election— early  ordinances— burgesses, 
Clerks,  Treasurers  and  Justices— Borough  Boundaries— Fire  Depart- 
ment— Water  Works  System — The  Wellsborough  Electric  Company. 


AS  early  as  1839  the  project  of  incorporating  Wellsboro  was  discussed.  At  that 
time  the  village  lay  in  Delmar  township,  which  was  set  off  from  Tioga  township 
in  1805.  This  step  was  warranted  by  the  growth  of  the  village,  its  increase  in  popu- 
lation, and  an  encouraging  outlook  for  even  more  rapid  development. 

Judge  Samuel  Wells  Morris,  always  active,  alert  and  enterprising,  had  proven 
himself  a  sagacious  and  progressive  man,  and  he  commanded  the  respect  which  had 
been  so  freely  accorded  his  worthy  father.  Finally  through  his  influence,  with  the 
assistance  of  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  editor  of  The  Phoenix,  John  P.  Donaldson,  William 
Bache,  Sr.,  James  Lowrey  and  others,  the  legislature  was  induced  to  pass  an  act 
incorporating  the  town  as  a  borough  March  16,  1830.  It  is  true  it  was  a  very  small 
town  at  that  time,  containing  less  than  400  inhabitants,  but  the  legislature  did  not 
object  to  numbers  then.  Williamsport,  with  a  less  number  of  inhabitants,  had  been 
incorporated  in  1806.  The  residents  of  Wellsboro,  or  certain  ones  rather,  desired 
corporate  laws  because  they  would  be  enabled  to  improve  the  streets  and  adopt  a 
uniform  system  of  grades,  pass  ordinances  for  local  government  and  thereby  benefit 
the  whole  community.  Steps  were  at  once  taken  to  comply  with  the  act,  and  an 
election  for  officers  was  held  May  3,  1830,  with  the  following  result: 

Burgess,  John  Norris;  council,  John  Beecher,  Justus  Goodwin,  Israel  Mer- 
rick, Jr.,  and  Benjamin  B.  Smith;  constable,  Ebenezer  Jackson;  supervisor,  Amos 
Coolidge;  overseer  of  the  poor,  Israel  Greenleaf. 

These  were  the  first  borough  officers.  No  time  was  lost  in  effecting  an  organi- 
zation and  in  making  such  appointments  as  were  required.  Josiah  Emery  was  ap- 
pointed clerk  to  the  council;  William  Bache  collector,  and  James  Lowrey  treasurer. 


328  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

BAELY    OHDINANCBS. 

The  first  requisite  was  the  adoption  of  a  seal  to  be  affixed  to  all  official  papers, 
and  the  first  ordinance  passed  disposed  of  this  matter  as  follows:  "That  until  an 
appropriate  seal  can  be  procured,  the  eagle  side  of  an  American  half  dollar  shall 
be  the  corporate  seal  of  the  said  borough."  This  ordinance  was  passed  June  38, 
1830. 

The  second  ordinance  forbid  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  swine  and  geese  from  run- 
ning at  large  within  the  borough.  The  adoption  and  publication  of  this  new  law 
caused  a  howl  of  indignation  from  many  of  the  citizens.  For  nearly  thirty  years 
the  inhabitants  of  the  village  did  as  they  pleased  with  reference  to  their  stock,  con- 
sequently restrictive  laws  were  regarded  as  a  great  hardship  and  there  was  much 
complaint,  and  the  first  borough  fathers  were  subjected  to  sharp  criticism. 

Benjamin  B.  Smith,  the  editor  of  the  Phoenix,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
council,  and  had  a  hand  in  making  the  new  laws,  referred  to  them  in  his  issue  of 
July  3,  1830,  and  defended  them  in  these  words: 

At  last  our  bye-laws  are  published,  and  we  hope  soon  to  see  our  streets  cleared  oi 
sheep,  hogs,  and  cattle  which  have  hitherto  been  really  a  nuisance,  especially  in  the 
night.  Depredations  have  already  been  commenced  on  some  of  our  gardens — and  unless 
cattle  are  shut  up  at  night,  we  can  expect  nothing  but  that  our  vegetables  will,  as  last 
year,  be  entirely  destroyed.  We  borough  folks  expect  now  to  be  quite  happy.  The 
squalling  of  geese  at  daylight,  the  bellowing  of  cattle,  the  kicking  of  horses,  the  audacity 
of  swine,  and  the  "innomi  nutus"  odor  of  sheep,  acompanied  with  their  disagreeable 
bleating  shall  entirely  cease  from  annoying  us,  and  we  shall  go  forth  at  morning  and 
evening,  at  sun-setting  and  sun-rising,  and  fear  no  evil  except  from  dogs,  which,  by  the 
by,  our  burgess  and  council  have  entirely  forgotten — and  mad  dogs,  too,  are  they  not 
subjects  of  legislation  as  well  as  geese?  We  expect,  however,  to  have  a  "revised  code" 
and  then  all  things  will  be  perfect. 

To  be  serious,  the  by-laws  we  have  no  doubt  will  be  rigidly  enforced,  and  for  the  good 
of  our  citizens  we  think  it  absolutely  necessary  they  should  be. 

Housewives  thought  it  a  great  hardship  that  their  flocks  of  geese  could  not  run 
upon  the  streets  without  being  taken  up  and  subjected  to  a  fine  of  twelve  and  a 
half  cents  per  head.  And  to  make  matters  worse,  the  constable  was  empowered 
to  sell  them  to  the  "highest  and  best  bidder,"  after  giving  twelve  hours  notice,  and 
appropriate  one-half  of  the  proceeds  to  his  own  use — ^the  other  half  to  go  into  the 
borough  treasury. 

The  third  ordinance  related  to  streets,  roads  and  taxes.  It  was  required  that 
twelve  feet  on  each  side  of  the  100  feet  streets  and  eight  feet  on  each  side  of  the 
fifty-feet  streets  or  alleys  shall  be  appropriated  for  a  sidewalk;  and  the  owners  and 
occupiers  of  lots  were  allowed  full  liberty,  at  their  own  expense,  to  erect  posts  and 
railings  and  make  gravel  or  other  walks.  For  enforcing  the  collection  of  fines 
imposed  for  a  violation  of  the  ordinances,  the  burgess  was  entitled  to  receive  the 
same  fees  as  were  allowed  by  law  to  justices  of  the  peace. 

The  fourth  ordinance  specifically  stated  that  if  any  person  was  found  guilty 
of  horse  racing  within  the  limits  of  the  borough,  or  aiding  or  promoting  the  same, 
he  should,  upon  conviction,  be  fined  $5.00,  one-half  to  go  to  the  informant  and  the 
other  half  to  the  corporation. 

The  fifth  ordinance  forbid  any  person  from  shooting  any  gun  or  other  fire  arms 


WELLSBOHO    (CONTINUED).  329 


Aiithin  or  across  any  of  the  streets,  highways,  lanes,  alleys  or  commons  of  the  bor- 
ough, except  on  days  of  militia  or  other  trainings,  or  times  of  public  rejoicings,  by 
the  order  or  under  the  direction  of  the  officer  or  person  in  command.  The  penalty 
for  this  offense  was  one  dollar  for  each  shot. 

To  old  hunters  this  ordinance  was  very  offensive,  and,  like  the  housewives,  M^ho 
were  restricted  from  allowing  their  geese  to  run  upon  the  streets,  they  felt  particu- 
larly aggrieved.  The  borough  and  surrounding  country  had  been  excellent  hunting 
ground  from  the  first  appearance  of  white  men — the  borough,  too,  covered  such  a 
large  territory  that  game  even  at  this  day  often  came  within  its  limits,  and  to  be 
deprived  from  shooting  at  a  deer  as  it  bounced  through,  the  confines  of  the  corpora- 
tion was  simply  an  outrage  upon  the  inherent  rights  of  a  hunter.  Such  new-fangled 
ideas  of  civilization  did  not  strike  them  favorably,  and  Burgess  Iforris  and  Clerk 
Emery  were  the  objects  of  their  severest  criticism,  but  these  officials  were  inexorable. 
It  is  safe  to  say,  however,  that  many  a  shot  was  fired  at  a  deer,  squirrel,  or  rabbit, 
for  which  a  dollar  was  not  paid — because  there  was  no  informant,  and  the  con- 
stable, however  vigilant  he  might  have  been,  found  it  impossible  to  locate  the 
offender. 

Such  opposition,  however,  was  developed  to  these  ordinances,  and  doubts 
having  arisen  in  the  minds  of  the  local  law  makers  whether  the  surplus  money 
arising  from  the  sale  of  impounded  cattle,  sheep,  swine  and  geese,  after  deducting 
the  fines  and  cost  of  keeping,  should  be  paid  into  the  treasury,  a  supplemental 
ordinance  was  passed  in  October  authorizing  the  surplus  to  be  paid  to  the  legal 
owners. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  council,  held  March  7,  1836,  a  motion  was  made  by  Mr. 
Emery  that  cattle  be  permitted  to  run  at  large  in  the  borough.  The  minutes  do  not 
say  whether  the  motion  was  carried  or  lost,  but  the  presumption  is  that .  it  was 
adopted. 

BUHGESSES,    CLEEKS,    TEEASUEEES    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  following  named  persons  have  filled  the  office  of  burgess  since  the  incor- 
poration of  the  borough:  John  Norris,  elected  May  3,  1830;  Dr.  J.  B.  Murphey, 
1831;  James  Kimball,  1832;  Eobert  G.  White,  1833-34;  Francis  Wetherbee, 
1835-36;  E.  A.  Nichols,  1837;  John  F.  Donaldson,  1838-39;  Alexander  S.  Brew- 
ster, 1840;  James  Lock,  1841;  Samuel  W.  Morris,  1843;  William  Harrison,  1843; 
James  Kimball,  1844;  Henry  W.  Graves,  1845;  James  Lowrey,  1846;  John  P. 
Donaldson,  1847;  John  K  Bache,  1848;  David  Sturrock,  1849;  George  McLeod, 
1850-52;  Henry  Sherwood,  1853;  G.  D.  Smith,  1854;  Charles  G.  Osgood,  1855-59; 
Eudolph  Christenot,  1860;  Henry  Sherwood,  1861-62;  Henry  W.  Williams, 
1863-65;  M.  H.  Cobb,  1866-67;  R.  C.  Simpson,  1868;  Lucius  Truman,  1869; 
Benjamin  Seeley,  1870-71;  Lucius  Truman,  1872-73;  E.  A.  Fish,  1874;  Lucius 
Truman,  1875;  D.  L.  Deane,  1876;  C.  L.  Willcox,  1877;  Andrew  Crowl,  1878; 
J.  C.  Wheeler,  1879-80;  AValter  Sherwood,  1881-84;  I.  M.  Bodine,  1885;  Leonard 
Harrison,  1886;  C.  C.  Mathers,  1887;  John  W.  Bailey,  1888;  William  H.  Roberts, 
1889;  R.  J.  Borden,  1890;  Charles  G.  Osgood,  1891;  George  H.  Derby,  1892-93; 
George  W.  Williams,  1894-96,  and  S.  P.  Channell,  elected  in  February,  1897,  the 
present  incumbent. 


330  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

Clerics. — Josiah  Emery  was  the  first  clerk  of  the  borough,  serving  in  1830-31. 
His  successors  have  been  as  follows:  Eobert   G.  White,  1831-34;  Alexander  S. 
Brewster,  1834-35;  John  P.  Donaldson,  1835-36;  Alexander  S.  Brewster,  1836-37; 
H.  F.  Young,  1837-39;  from  1839  to  1842  the  burgess  seems  to  have  fulfilled  the 
duties  of  clerk;   Benjamin   B.  Smith,  1842-43;   Alexander   S.  Brewster,  1843-46 
L.  P.  Williston,  1846-47;   Benjamin   B.  Smith,  1847-48;    A.  J.  Sofield,  1848-52 
Benjamin  B.  Smith,  1852-62;  Asa  P.  Eoberts,  1862;  Jefferson  Harrison,  1862-65 
Charles  L.  Siemens,  1865-69;  Hugh  Young,  1869-70;  William  A.  Stone,  1870-71 
J.  0.  W.  Bailey,  1871;  George  W.  Langan,  1871-72;  J.  W.  Van  Valkenburg,  1873 
Leonard   Harrison,    1872-73;   J.   W.    Van   Valkenburg,    1873-74;   Ed.  C.  Deans, 
1874-75;    Hugh  Young,   1875-77;  E.   B.   Young,    1877-85;    Eobert  K.  Young, 
1885-87;  H.  H.  Blackburn,  1887-89;  Alfred  J.    Shattuek,   1889-97,  the  present 
clerk. 

Treasurers.— James  Lowrey  filled  this  office  in  1830-31;  Beniamin  B.  Smith, 
1831-32:  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  1832-35;  Eobert  G  .White,  1835-38;  Levi  I.  TSTichols, 
1838-48:  William  Bache,  1848-64;  William  Eoberts,  1864-70;  Eansford  B.  Webb, 
1870-74:  Lucius.Tnnnan,  1874-76;  Leonard  Harrison,  1876-85;  Jesse  M.  Eobinson, 
1885-96:  Leonard  Harrison,  appointed  in  1896  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Mr.  Eobinson,  and  is  still  serving. 

Justices  of  fhe  Peace. — Although  Wellsboro  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in 
1830,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been  set  apart  as  a  separate  justice-of-the-peace  dis- 
trict until  1840,  when  the  Constitution  of  1838  made  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  elective  instead  of  appointive,  as  it  had  been  up  to  that  time.  The  office  has 
been  filled  as  follows:  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  1840;  re-elected,  1845  and  1850; 
Luman  Wilson,  1840;  re-elected,  1845;  Alfred  J.  Sofield,  1851;  re-elected,  1856  and 
1861;  John  N.  Bache,  1855;  Josiah  Emery,  1857;  Andrew  Crowl,  1862;  A.  S. 
Brewster,  1863;  re-elected,  1868,  1873,  1878,  1883,  1888  and  1893;  Hugh  Young, 
1867;  John  Gibson,  1869;  J.  W.  Donaldson,  1874;  Isaac  M.  Bodine,  1879;  re- 
elected, 1884;  James  H.  Shaw,  1888;  Eobert  K.  Young,  1890;  re-elected,  1891; 
Burton  M.  Potter,  1896.  'Squire  Brewster,  one  of  the  present  justices  of  Wellsboro, 
has  held  the  office  continuously  for  the  past  thirty-four  years. 

BOEOUGH    BOUNDAEIES. 

The  boundaries  of  the  original  village  of  Wellsboro  have  been  described  in  a 
preceding  chapter.  As  the  village  grew  the  adjoining  land  was  sub-divided  into 
out-lots,  until  an  area  of  several  hundred  acres  had  been  thus  cut  up  before  the 
village  was  incorporated  as  a  borough.  The  limits  adopted  at  the  time  of  the  in- 
corporation made  a  liberal  allowance  for  future  growth.  The  north  Hne  began 
about  1,000  feet  west  of  the  southwest  corner  of  the  cemetery  and  continued  due 
east  to  the  junction  of  Kelsey  and  Charleston,  creeks.  The  southern  line  of  the 
cemetery  formed  a  part  of  this  boundary  line.  The  line  on  the  northeast  paralleled 
the  present  railroad  to  a  point  a  little  beyond  Purple  street.  The  railroad  was  built 
just  outside  of  this  line.  The  line  then  ran  a  little  west  of  south  about  900  feet  to 
a  point  due  east  of  the  graded  school  building.  It  then  continued  south  about  sixty 
degrees  west,  passing  almost  through  the  A.  G.  Sturrock  residence,  to  Lincohi 
street,  where  it  turned  due  west  to  Kelsey  creek,  passing  north  of  the  residence  of 


WELLSBOEO   (CONTINUED).  331 


Hon.  John  I.  Mitchell.    From  this  point  the  line  ran  due  north  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning. 

The  boundaries  remained  unchanged  until  the  passage  and  approval  of  the 
act  of  April  6,  1870,  enlarging  the  borough  limits  and  establishing  them  within 
the  present  boundaries,  as  follows: 

The  boundaries  of  the  borough  of  Wellsboro,  in  the  countj'  of  Tioga,  be  and  they 
are  hereby  altered  and  extended  in  such  a  manner  that  the  boundary  lines  shall  be  as 
follows,  viz:  Beginning  at  a  post  and  stones  in  the  western  boundary  line  of  William 
Downer,  at  the  distance  of  fifty-two  perches  south  frpm  the  northeast  of  said  Downer;  thence 
north  two  and  three-fourths  degrees  east  804  perches  to  a  post  and  stone  heap;  thence 
south  87^  degrees  east  to  the  corner  of  Kichel's  farm;  along  the  line  of  said  farm,  and 
continuing  in  same  course,  to  the  line  of  Charleston  township,  in  all  733  perches  to  a 
post  or  stone  heap  in  said  township  line;  thence  by  said  township  south  647  perches 
to  a  post  and  stone,  at  a  point  south  eighty-seven  degrees  east  from  the  northeast  corner 
of  A.  L.  Bodine;  thence  south  eighty-seven  degrees  east  across  lands  of  George 
Thompson;  along  line  of  said  A.  L.  Bodine,  across  lands  of  Esther  Kress,  deceased, 
to  the  State  road,  a  distance  of  504  perches;  thence  southerly  by  the  several  courses 
of  said  road  to  a  point  south  eighty-seven  and  a  fourth  degrees  east  from  the  starting 
point  first  named  above;  thence  south  eighty-seven  and  a  fourth  degrees  east  256 
perches  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

The  reader  will  have  a  better  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  above  figure  when  in- 
formed that  it  equals  four  and  one-fourth  square  miles,  or  2,730  acres  !  Almost  large 
enough  for  a  township. 

It  is  provided  in  the  act,  however,  that  the  borough  council  shall  so  discriminate 
in  laying  the  taxes  as  not  to  impose  upon  the  rural  portions  any  expenses  which 
belong  exclusively  to  the  btdlt  up  portions  of  the  borough;  and  for  this  purpose  the 
assessor  shall  distinguish  in  his  returns  what  properties  are  within  agricultural  or 
rural  sections  not  having  the  benefit  of  expenditures  for  purposes  belonging  to  the 
built  up  portions  of  the  town;  and  all  lands  within  said  agricultural  or  rural  dis- 
tricts, and  for  the  purposes  of  cultivation  or  farming,  shall  be  assessed  as  farm 
lands. 

FIKE     DEPAETMENT. 

Early  in  1860  the  question  of  forming  a  fire  company  was  agitated.  The 
movement  took  definite  shape  in  August,  when  the  company,  which  appears  to  have 
been  organized,  reported  to  council  that  a  majority  of  the  taxpayers  were  in  favor 
of  laying  a  tax  to  raise  funds  to  buy  an  engine.  The  number  voting  in  favor  of  the 
proposition  was  141,  which  was  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  taxpayers  of  the  bor- 
ough. Council  therefore  authorized  the  purchase  of  an  engine  and  laid  a  tax  of  $1.00 
in  every  $100  of  assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  property,  to  meet  the  expense. 
The  tax  was  to  commence  in  1863  and  to  continue  until  the  indebtedness  was  wiped 
out.  An  engine  and  hose  cart  were  contracted  for  and  an  engine  house,  not  to  cost 
over  $400,  but  the  actual  cost  of  which  was  $750,  was  authorized  to  be  built.  Sub- 
scriptions were  solicited  to  defray  the  expense  of  erecting  the  engine  house. 

The  first  companies  formed  were  the  Lafayette  Engine  Company,  No.  1,  John 
N".  Bache,  foreman,  and  C.  A.  Wells  Hose  Company,  liTo.  1,  C.  A.  "Wells,  foreman. 
In  the  meantime  the  Civil  War  had  broken  out  and  the  ranks  of  the  respective 
companies  were  so  depleted  by  the  enlistment  of  the  members  as  to  render  them 


332  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


inoperative.     The  citizens  then  banded  together  and  kept  up  an  organization  in 
ease  of  fire. 

Doubts  having,  in  the  meantime,  arisen  as  to  the  power  of  the  burgess  and 
council  to  contract  for  fire  apparatus  and  the  erection  of  an  engine  house,  and  to 
pay  for  the  same  by  imposing  a  tax,  the  legislature  was  appealed  to,  and  that  body 
passed  an  act,  approved  April  18,  1864,  which  declared  the  action  of  the  council 
"valid  and  effectual"  and  empowered  the  burgess  and  council  "to  collect  annually 
one-half  of  one  per  cent,  on  valuation  until  the  debt  is  paid." 

Matters  ran  along  quietly  until  the  33d  of  October,  1873,  when  the  borough  was 
visited  by  a  severe  fire  which  destroyed  much  property  in  the  business  portion  of 
the  town,  the  loss  aggregating  fully  $100,000.  As  the  panic  of  this  year  had  swept 
over  the  country  with  its  paralyzing  effects,  the  fire  added  much  to  the  discour- 
agement of  business  men.  But  they  rallied  from  the  blow  and  were  about  getting  on 
their  feet  again  when  another  fire  broke  out  on  April  1,  1874,  which  proved  more 
destructive  than  the  first.  It  started  in  the  store  of  William  Wilson,  and  swept 
away  the  entire  square  of  buildings  between  Grafton  and  Walnut  streets,  back  to 
Pearl.  Coming  so  soon  after  the  first,  this  fire  had  a  very  depressing  effect  on  the 
merchants  and  shop  keepers,  and  many  were  disheartened  on  account  of  their  heavy 
losses.  After  a  short  time,  however,  a  reaction  took  place  and  the  work  of  rebuilding 
in  a  more  substantial  form  was  commenced.  The  result  was  that  a  better  class  of 
buildings,  nearly  all  of  brick,  were  erected,  which  imparted  to  the  streets  a  greatly 
improved  appearance. 

The  first  fire  aroused  the  citizens  to  the  necessity  of  preparing  for  future  vis- 
itations, and  a  reorganization  of  the  fire  department  was  effected,  the  reorganized 
department  consisting  of  the  following  companies:  Lafayette  Engine  Company,  No. 
1;  Alert  Hose  Company,  'No.  2,  and  Eureka  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  No.  3. 
The  first  officers  were:  Thomas  B.  Bryden,  chief  engineer;  Walter  Sherwood,  first 
assistant;  Joseph  Williams,  second  assistant;  J.  M.  Eobinson,  secretary;  Arthur 
M.  Eoy,  treasurer.  The  companies  did  good  work  during  the  second  big  fire  and 
prevented  greater  damage. 

When  the  water  works  system  was  completed  in  1886,  the  pressure  was  such  as 
to  render  an  engine  unnecessary.  Lafayette  Engine  Company  was,  therefore,  reor- 
ganized as  Bache  Hose  Company,  so  named  in  honor  of  William  Bache.  The  three 
companies  consist  of  about  forty  men  each  and  are  uniformed.  The  borough  allows 
$3.00  per  annum  to  each  active  fireman,  and  furnishes  rooms  and  a  janitor. 

The  equipment  consists  of  four  hose  carriages,  with  2,000  feet  of  hose;  a  hook 
and  ladder  outfit  and  eight  fire  extinguishers.  Thomas  B.  Bryden  was  continued  as 
chief  engineer  from  1874  until  his  death  in  April,  1878.  The  present  chief  en- 
gineer is  Eobert  Siemens. 

WATEE    WOEKS    SYSTEM. 

Wellsboro  is  well  supplied  with  an  excellent  quality  of  water  by  the  gravity 
system.  The  history  of  the  improvement  was  very  minutely  described  by  the 
Gazette  in  June,  1887,  from  which  account  the  material  facts  are  drawn.  On  August 
4, 1885,  a  charter  was  granted  by  the  State  to  the  Wellsboro  Water  Company— capital 
$75,000— composed  of  William  Bache,  Chester  Eobinson,  John  L.  Eobinson,  Fred- 


WELLSBOEO   (OONTINTTBD).  333 


eriek  K.  Wright  and  "W.  C.  Kress,  of  Wellsboro;  EL.  C.  Heermans,  of  Corning,  New 
York,  and  C.  L.  Pattison,  of  Elkland,  Pennsylvania.  The  officers  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting  held  in  January,  1887,  were  William  Bache,  president;  John  L. 
Kobinson,  Chester  Eobinson,  Frederick  K.  Wright,  Alfred  J.  Nichols,  William 
Bache,  directors;  Jefferson  Harrison,  secretary  and  treasurer;  W.  C.  Kress,  superin- 
tendent. Preliminary  surveys  had  been  made,  plans  were  drawn  and  submitted  in 
the  fall  of  1885,  and  the  contract  for  constructing  the  reservoir,  laying  the  water 
mains  and  the  supply  pipes  to  the  gate  house,  on  Charleston  creek,  was  let  to  Heer- 
mans and  Lawrence,  of  Corning,  New  York. 

All  things  being  in  readiness,  work  was  commenced  in  the  spring  of  1886  and 
it  was  prosecuted  with  vigor  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  that  year,  and  although 
the  contractors  met  many  discouraging  obstacles  in  the  form  of  rock-cuts  and  quick- 
sand, they  completed  their  work,  with  the  exception  of  laying  about  1,200  feet  of 
iron  pipe  on  West  avenue,  which  was  done  the  following  spring. 

After  the  completion  of  the  main  part  of  the  contract,  the  Wellsboro  Water 
Company  enlarged  its  plans  and  determined  to  extend  the  line  several  miles  so  as  to 
take  in  Eock  run,  Williams'  springs,  Mickel  run  and  Morgan  springs.  This  measure 
was  not  necessary  to  a  sufficient  supply  of  water,  but  the  extension  was  made  to 
secure  an  inexhaustible  and  never  failing  supply  of  the  purest,  coldest  spring  water 
to  be  found  in  all  this  section  of  the  country.  This  part  of  the  work  was  conducted 
by  W.  C.  Kress,  the  company's  superintendent,  and  was  not  completed  before  late  in 
the  fall.  The  work  of  running  the  trenches  for  the  pipe  was  very  arduous.  Grades 
had  to  be  maintained  around  ravines,  over  hills  and  around  mountains,  and  for  long 
distances  it  necessitated  blasting  out  of  the  solid  rock.  It  was  a  great  undertaking 
and  involved  an  expenditure  of  many  thousands  of  dollars,  but  absolutely  pure  spring 
water  was  the  goal,  to  attain  which  the  enormous  outlay  of  time,  labor  and  money 
was  not  thought  to  be  too  much. 

The  reservoir,  which  covers  three  and  a  half  acres  and  has  a  capacity  of  17,000,- 
000  gallons,  is  located  in  a  natural  basin  on  the  top  of  Bacon  Hill,  south  of  the 
borough.  It  is  172^  feet  above  the  level  of  Main  street  in  front  of  the  court  house, 
and  gives  a  pressure  at  that  point  of  82^  pounds  to  the  square  inch.  The  excavation 
is  made  in  a  bed  of  solid  clay,  impervious  to  water,  it  being  impossible  for  it  to 
percolate  through  the  bottom  or  sides.  The  embankments  are  ninety-two  feet  broad 
at  the  base  and  twelve  feet  broad  at  the  top,  and  are  fourteen  feet  high.  Through 
the  center,  from  bottom  to  top,  is  a  tight  plank  partition  with  puddled  clay  on  either 
side,  which  raises  an  eiiective  barrier  to  the  operation  of  amphibious  animals  and  to 
the  cutting  away  of  the  banks  by  water.  In  the  center  of  the  reservoir  is  a  well 
seven  feet  deep,  and  the  water  for  the  borough  is  drawn  from  a  point  six  feet  below 
the  bottom  of  the  reservoir.  And  in  case  of  necessity  caused  by  accident,  or  for 
the  purpose  of  cleaning  or  repairs,  there  is  an  arrangement  by  which  all  the  water 
can  be  let  out  of  the  reservoir  at  will. 

To  reach  the  source  of  supply,  64,680  feet  of  vitrified  pipe  had  to  be  laid  in 
trenches  having  a  mean  depth  of  five  feet.  This  is  exactly  twelve  and  one-fourth 
miles.  From  the  reservoir  to  the  gate  house,  on  Charleston  creek,  37,500  feet 
(over  seven  miles)  of  twelve-inch  pipe  was  laid.  A  twelve-inch  grade  was  main- 
tained all  the  way,  and  it  required  a  high  order  of  engineering  skill  to  preserve  the 


334  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COTTNTT. 

grade  in  the  wild,  rough  country  through  which  the  line  runs,  without  entailing 
an  ezpense  that  would  have  been  a  practical  inhibition  of  the  enterprise. 

The  natural  springs  from  which  the  supply  is  drawn  rise  from  the  conglom- 
erate formation  and  are  inexhaustible  and  unfailing.  During  ordinary  dry  spells 
the  waters  are  not  appreciably  lower  in  them.  Mickel  run  and  Eock  run  never  get 
lower  in  the  dryest  season.    The  water  runs  over  solid  rock  beds  and  is"  cold  and  pure. 

Provision  was  made  against  the  possible  contingency  of  roily  water,  by  placing 
a  gate  above  the  reservoir  by  which  the  water  can  be  let  off  into  a  ravine,  if 
necessary. 

In  the  borough  five  miles  of  iron  water  mains  have  been  laid,  running  through 
all  the  principal  streets,  and  to  these  are  attached  forty-two  way  hydrants,  so 
located  as  to  give  protection  to  every  section  of  the  borough  in  case  of  fire. 

The  water  runs  by  grade  for  twelve  and  one-fourth  miles  from  Morgan 
springs  to  the  reservoir,  and  will  run  for  a  century  without  any  attention  or  addi- 
tional expense  worth  speaking  of.  The  pipes  are  practically  indestructible  and 
are  laid  deep  and  well  and  will  do  service  for  ages. 

These  things  considered,  the  Wellsboro  Water  "Works  are  not  surpassed 
anywhere.  That  they  are  invaluable  to  the  borough  has  already  been  proved  by 
the  saving  of  property  from  destruction  by  fire,  and  their  convenience  and  sanitary 
advantages  are  becoming  more  generally  recognized  every  day. 

THE    VTELLSBOHOtTGH    ELECTEIO    COMPANY. 

In  order  to  meet  the  demand  for  a  better  system  of  lighting  private  residences 
and  business  houses  than  by  oil  lamps,  as  well  as  to  bring  the  borough  into  a  closer 
touch  with  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  day,  the  Wellsborough  Electric  Company 
was  incorporated  April  11,  1894,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $7,000,  since  increased  to 
$30,000.  The  incorporators  were  Hugh  Young,  Leonard  Harrison,  Jesse  M.  Eob- 
inson,  Eobert  K.  Young,  and  H.  C.  Young.  The  organization  was  completed  by 
the  election  of  the  following  oificers:  Leonard  Harrison,  president;  Eobert  K. 
Young,  secretary;  J.  M.  Eobinson,  treasurer,  and  H.  C.  Young,  superintendent. 
Soon  after  the  organization  a  power  house  was  established,  wires  strung  and  electric 
lights  introduced  into  dwellings,  offices  and  business  places.  In  October,  1895,  the 
borough  authorities  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  company  to  light  the  streets 
of  the  town.  The  company  put  additional  machinery  in  its  power  house,  erected 
poles,  etc.,  and  January  15,  1896,  the  light  was  turned  on.  The  streets  are  now 
Hghted  by  thirty  arc  lights,  so  distributed  as  to  diffuse  the  light  to  the  best  advan- 
tage. The  cost  of  each  light  is  $80  per  annum.  The  borough  also  pays  for  two 
incandescent  lamps  at  the  rate  of  $30  each  per  annum,  making  a  total  of  $2,440  a 
year.  About  2,000  incandescent  lights  are  in  use  for  lighting  residences,  offices 
and  business  places.  A  number  of  business  houses  also  use  arc  lights.  The  equip- 
ment of  the  company  is  first-class  and  the  service  rendered  highly  satisfactory. 


CHAPTEE  XXII. 

WELLSBOKO   (CONTINUED). 

The  First  National  Bank— The  Old  and  New  Bank  Buildings— The  Wells- 
borough  National  Bank— The  Great  Bank  Robbery— The  Property  Taken 
—Two  OF  the  Robbers  Captured— Tried,  Convicted  and  Sent  to  Prison— 
CosGROVE  Reforms— His  Visit  to  Judge  Williams— Manufacturing  and 
other  Enterprises— The  Wellsboro  op  To-day. 


THE  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro  was  organized  February  2t,  1864,  char- 
tered March  31,  1864,  and  comnienced  business  May  17,  1864.  WilUam 
Bache  was  chosen  president  in  order  to  enable  John  L.  Eobinson,  the  founder,  to 
act  as  cashier  and  get  the  bank  well  under  way.  After  a  service  of  about  two  years, 
Mr.  Bache  retired  and  Mr.  Eobinson  was  elected  president.  He  was  succeeded  as 
cashier  by  his  son,  Eugene  H.,  who  retained  the  position  until  his  death  in  Septem- 
ber, 1876,  when  his  brother,  Jesse  M.  Eobinson,  became  cashier,  and  filled  that 
position  until  the  death  of  his  father,  John  L.  Eobinson,  January  11,  1893,  when  he 
was  elected  to  succeed  him  as  president.  L.  L.  Bailey  was  chosen  cashier  and 
served  until  October,  1894,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  Henry  C.  Cox, 
the  present  cashier.  Jesse  M.  Eobinson  died  August  6, 1896,  and  the  vacancy  in  the 
office  of  president  thus  occasioned  was  filled  by  the  election  of  Leonard  Harrison, 
the  present  head  of  the  bank. 

The  building  first  occupied  by  the  bank  was  the  old  two-story  frame  erected 
as  a  store  by  Samuel  Dickinson,  and  purchased  by  John  L.  Eobinson  in  1834.  It 
stood  immediately  north  of  the  family  residence  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  N.  Azubah 
Smith.  It  was  used  until  1876,  and  afterwards  removed  to  the  northeast  corner 
of  Crafton  and  Pearl  streets,  and  is  now  doing  duty  as  a  carpenter  shop.  It  is  one 
of  the  landmarks  of  Wellsboro,  where  it  has  stood  more  than  sixty  years. 

The  new  bank  buildihg,  a  substantial  and  sightly  two-story  brick,  is  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Main  and  Crafton  streets.  From  time  to  time  improvements 
have  been  made  in  the  interior  arrangements  until  the  equipment  now  seems  to 
be  complete.  The  funds  are  protected  by  a  steel  lined  vault  which  is  burglar  proof, 
and  in  the  vault  is  a  Corliss  spherical  safe  which  is  absolutely  burglar  proof  and 
secured  with  time  locks.  More  than  $10,000  have  been  expended  in  furnishing  the 
bank  with  the  very  best  arrangements  for  the  security  of  the  funds  and  to  facilitate 
the  transaction  of  business. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  bank,  at  the  time  of  its  organization,  was  $50,000, 
which  was  soon  increased  to  $100,000.  It  has  now  a  surplus  fund  equaling  the 
capital,  making  it  one  of  the  soundest  financial  institutions  in  northern  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  following  are  the  names  of  the  present  officers  and  directors:  Leonard 
Harrison,  president;  Waldo  W.  Miller,  vice-president;  Henry  C.  Cox,  cashier,  and 
Arthur  M.  Eoy,  Anton  Hardt,  George  H.  Derby,  Leonard  Harrison,  Waldo  W. 


336  HISTOBT    or    TIOGA    COUIfTY. 

Miller,  Mas  Bemkopf,  H.  W.  Williams,  George  M.  Spalding  and  William  Bache, 
directors. 

The  Wellsborough  National  Bank  was  organized  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,- 
000 — which  has  all  been  paid  in — and  was  opened  for  business  November  13,  1888. 
Hon.  Hugh  Young,  its  founder,  served  as  president  until  January  10,  1893,  when  he 
resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  the  late  Henry  J.  Landrus,  who  acted  until  December 
13,  1895,  when  William  D.  Van  Horn,  the  present  president,  was  elected.  Mr. 
Van  Horn,  who  had  filled  the  position  of  cashier  from  the  organization,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  E.  W.  Gleckler,  promoted  from  teller.  The  latest  statement  of  this 
bank  shows  it  to  be  in  a  strong  and  healthful  condition.  Under  able,  safe  and  con- 
servative management  it  has  drawn  to  itself  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  busi- 
ness, and  ranks  among  the  sound  financial  institutions  of  the  county. 

The  present  ofQcers  and  directors  of  the  bank  are  as  follows:  W.  D.  Van  Horn, 
president;  L.  L.  Bailey,  vice-president;  E.  W.  Gleckler,  cashier;  J.  B.  Truman, 
book-keeper,  and  Jerome  B.  Niles,  N.  P.  Maxvin,  Jesse  Locke,  E.  W.  Graves, 
William  O'Connor,  L.  L.  Bailey  and  W.  D.  Van  Horn,  directors. 

THE     GEBAT     BANK     EOBBEKT. 

On  the  night  of  September  16, 1874,  occurred  the  robbery  of  the  First  National 
Bank  by  a  band  of  skilled  burglars.  It  was  one  of  the  most  boldly-planned  and 
successfully-executed  robberies  in  the  history  of  the  State,  and  certainly  the  most 
startling  and  sensational  criminal  occurrence  in  the  history  of  Wellsboro.  A  full 
and  well-written  report  of  it  appeared  in  the  Agitator,  from  whose  columns  the  fol- 
lowing condensed  account  is  taken: 

The  bank  was  located  in  an  old-fashioned  frame  store  building  with  wooden 
shutters  and  doors,  which  could  be  entered  easily  by  any  expert  burglar.  It  stood  on 
what  is  now  the  beautiful  grassy  lawn  Ij^ing  between  the  old  John  L.  Eobinson  home- 
stead and  the  county  record  office.  When  inside,  however,  the  robber  found  his  task 
hardly  begun,  for  the  vault  was  a  very  strong  one,  and  it  contained  one  of  the 
strongest  and  most  complete  safes  then  manufactured.  The  doors  of  the  vault 
and  of  the  safe  were  fitted  with  the  best  combination  locks.  No  person  had  slept 
in  the  bank  for  many  months  past.  The  safe  contained  about  $30,000  in  currency 
and  convertible  securities.  This  was  a  tempting  bait  for  the  gentlemen  of  the  dark 
lantern  and  jimmy,  and  how  they  were  to  secure  it  and  get  away  without  too  much 
risk  was  a  problem  which  they  were  probably  not  long  in  solving. 

There  is  but  little  doubt  that  for  some  time  persons  connected  with  the  gang 
had  been  in  the  borough  taking  observations  and  laying  plans  for  their  operations; 
and  it  is  still  believed  that  the  job  of  robbing  the  bank  was  set  down  for  the  first 
week  of  the  month,  and  that  the  parties  were  all  in  Wellsboro  at  that  time,  some  of 
them  coming  directly  with  teams,  and  part  of  them  by  public  conveyance,  from 
Ealston,  in  Lycoming  county.  But  the  time  then  chosen  was  the  first  week  of  court; 
the  town  was  full  of  people,  and  the  robbers  probably  thotight  it  was  best  to  defer 
operations  until  the  first  week  after  the  adjournment  of  court,  when  there  would 
be  no  unusual  number  of  strangers  in  town.  It  is  certain  that  they  could  not  have 
chosen  a  better  time. 

It  was  Tuesday  evening  when  two  teams — one  drawing  a  covered  buggy  and 


^^ 


WELLSBOEO   (CONTINUED).  337 


one  hitched  to  a  platform  spring  wagon — ^left  the  livery  stable  of  Orvis  Dankd,  in 
Elmira,  and  proceeded  towards  Wellsboro.  They  reached  Tioga  between  1  and 
3  o'clock  Wednesday  morning,  and  stopped  at  Parr's  Hotel  until  about  11  o'clock 
in  the  forenoon.  At  that  time  no  persons  were  along  but  the  two  drivers.  They 
proceeded  at  a  very  leisurely  pace  on  their  journey,  and  reached  Potter's  Hotel 
about  1  o'clock  p.  m.,  in  ample  time  for  dinner.  They  stayed  there  until  about  6 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  when  they  hitched  up  and  proceeded  on  their  way  in  the 
direction  of  Wellsboro;  but  they  must  have  travelled  slowly,  for  it  is  quite  certain 
that  they  did  not  reach  the  borough  until  after  the  arrival  of  the  evening  train 
south,  on  which  train  some  of  the  party  of  robbers  are  believed  to  have  come.  When 
the  teams  reached  Wellsboro  they  were  driven  to  the  open  sheds  in  the  rear  of  the 
Episcopal  church  where  they  were  fed,  and  the  men  were  posted  to  watch  Mr. 
Eobinson's  house  and  its  surroundings.  About  11  o'clock,  a  colored  man,  who  was 
walking  up  Main  street  past  Mr.  Eobinson's  residence,  saw  a  man  standing  by  a 
large  elm  tree  in  front  and  just  west  of  his  premises.  As  the  colored  man  ap- 
proached, this  man  walked  around  the  tree  in  the  opposite  direction,  as  if  to  avoid 
notice.  Prom  the  point  where  he  stood  the  windows  of  John  L.  Eobinson's  bed-room. 
Judge  Williams'  bed-room  and  Eugene  H.  Eobinson's  bed-room,  could  be  seen. 

After  Mr.  Eobinson's  family  had  all  retired  and  everything  was  dark  and  still 
within  the  house,  a  little  after  12  o'clock,  midnight,  seven  men,  clad  in  rough  overalls 
and  blouses,  and  with  cloth  masks  over  their  faces,  and  dark  lanterns  and  revolvers 
ia'  their  hands,  entered  the  kitchen  window  on  the  east  side  of  the  house.  Their 
feet  were  muffled  in  heavy  socks,  and  they  passed  without  noise  into  the  dining  room. 
Three  of  them  entered  the  lower  bed-room  on  the  west  side  of  the  house,  while  two 
went  into  the  hall  and  up  the  front  stairs.  The  first  member  of  the  family  who 
awakened  was  Mrs.  Smith.  She  heard  the  stairs  creak  and  thought  her  mother  was 
coming  up  stairs  to  call  her,  as  she  frequently  did  in  the  night  when  ill.  Mrs.  Smith 
raised  up  in  bed,  facing  the  door  which  stood  open  at  the  head  of  the  stairs,  and 
called,  "Mother  !"  There  was  no  answer;  but  the  stairs  creaked  again,  although 
there  was  no  sound  of  a  footfall.  Supposing  then  that  her  mother  was  very  ill,  and 
that  it  was  her  father  who  was  coming— although  she  wondered  at  his  coming  in  the 
dark— Mrs.  Smith  called,  "Father  !"  There  was  no  reply;  but  in  an  instant  there 
was  a  sound  like  the  scratching  of  a  match  at  the  head  of  the  stairs,  and  the  light 
of  a  dark  lantern  flashed  into  her  eyes.  Instantly  the  burglar,  with  a  revolver  in 
one  hand  and  lantern  in  the  other,  stepped  toward  her  bed,  uttering  and  repeating 
the  command,  "Don't  speak  !  At  the  same  time  she  saw  the  other  man  passing 
along  the  upper  hall  toward  her  brother's  room. 

Coming  close  to  her  bedside,  the  burglar  expressed  his  surprise  at  the  presence 
of  Mrs.  Smith,  saying  that  he  supposed  she  was  in  Corning.  At  the  same  time  he 
noticed  the  flash  of  her  diamond  rings  and  ordered  her  to  take  them  off  her  fingers, 
and  stepping  back  he  pulled  the  door  nearly  shut,  explaining  the  action  by  saying 
that  if  "No.  3"  saw  the  rings  he  would  take  them.  Mrs.  Smith  says  that  the  thought 
flashed  through  her  mind  that  if  she  had  a  pistol  she  could  shoot  him  then  as  he 
turned  to  close  the  door;  and  there  is  no  doubt  she  would  have  tried  to  do  so,  for 
after  the  first  shock  of  surprise  was  over  she  seems  to  have  exhibited  perfect  self- 
possession,  tact,  and  even  a  spirit  of  defiance  toward  the  robbers.    But  she  was  un- 

22 


338  HISTOKY    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

armed  and  helpless  and  knew  that  resistance  was  hopeless,  and  she  drew  off  her  rings 
and  gave  them  to  the  robber  who  said  he  would  save  them  for  her,  threw  them  under 
the  bed,  and  hastily  turned  back  and  pushed  the  door  open.  The  robber  assured 
Mrs.  Smith  that  they  didn't  intend  to  hurt  her  nor  any  of  the  family,  if  they  would 
do  as  directed;  but  that  they  were  masters  and  intended  to  take  their  money.  It 
was  in  reply  to  a  speech  of  this  kind  that  she  told  him  that  they  indeed  had  the 
upper  hand  then,  but  they  would  not  have  it  long  for  all  honest  people  were  not 
dead,  and  God  was  not  dead.  All  this  had  passed  without  awakening  the  servant 
girl  in  the  bed  on  the  other  side  of  the  room;  but  she  feigned  sleep  and  remained 
quiet. 

In  the  meantime  "No.  3,"  who  seemed  to  be  the  leader  of  the  party,  had  gone 
into  the  cashier's  room,  secured  his  revolver  which  was  on  the  bureau,  waked  the 
sleeping  man  with  the  light  of  the  bull's  eye  of  his  dark  lantern,  obliged  him  to  get 
up,  and  took  him  to  his  sister's  room  after  handcuffing  him. 

While  this  was  taking  place  above  stairs  the  three  burglars  below  were  not  idle, 
and  a  very  exciting  scene  was  being  enacted  in  the  family  bed-room.  The  first 
person  to  wake  up  in  this  room  was  Mrs.  Kobinson.  Upon  opening  her  eyes  she 
was  dazzled  by  the  flash  of  a  bull's  eye  slowly  moving  before  her  face.  Instantly 
sJHe  screamed,  when  there  was  a  harsh  command  to  stop  or  she  would  get  a  bullet 
through  her  head.  This  frightened  Mrs.  Robinson  all  the  more,  and  believing  that 
her  husband  would  be  murdered,  she  cried  out  to  that  effect,  when  the  villain  told 
her  that  they  would  not  be  hurt;  that  it  was  not  murder  but  robbery  they  were 
engaged  in,  and  that  they  only  intended  to  have  their  money.  Notwithstanding  this 
assurance,  Mrs.  Eobinson  continued  to  bewail  her  fate,  and  made  so  much  noise 
that  the  third  burglar  in  the  room,  who  stood  at  the  foot  of  the  bed  searching  Mr. 
Eobinson's  clothes,  ordered  her  guard  to  take  her  away.  She  was  then  made  to  get 
up  and,  still  undressed,  was  taken  through  the  sitting  room  and  hall  and  up  the 
front  stairs  to  the  room  already  occupied  by  Mrs.  Smith,  the  servant  girl,  and  Eugene 
H.  Eobinson,  with  their  faithful  attendants.  As  she  left  her  own  bed-room  the 
struggle  with  her  husband  still  continued;  but  it  was  not  a  long  one.  Mr.  Robinson 
had  raised  up  in  bed,  but  a  blow  on  the  head  knocked  him  back  on  the  piUow,  the 
handcuffs  were  quickly  adjusted  on  his  wrists  and  a  gag  was  forced  into  his  mouth, 
thus  effectually  quieting  his  shouts  for  help.  His  pantaloons  were  then  drawn  on, 
and  he,  too,  was  marched  up  the  front  stairs  to  his  daughter's  room.  He  was  blind- 
folded, however,  before  going  up  stairs,  so  that  he  did  not  know  to  what  room  he 
was  taken. 

While  this  exciting  scene  was  taking  place  below  stairs,  the  two  burglars  in 
the  second  story  were  busy  with  the  work  of  getting  the  two  woinen  up,  dressed  and 
bound.  This  was  not  so  easy  a  Job  as  it  might  seem.  The  servant  girl  obeyed  orders 
civilly  enough;  but  Mrs.  Smith  was  not  so  compliant.  In  the  first  place,  she  refused 
to  get  out  of  bed;  and  it  was  only  after  considerable  threatening  and  coaxing  that 
she  was  induced  to  do  so.  Then  she  refused  to  dress  herself,  and  her  puzzled  captor 
was  obliged  to  turn  himself  for  the  time  being  into  a  lady's  maid.  Taking  the  skirts 
of  a  dress  from  a  hook  he  threw  it  over  her  head  and  buttoned  it  around  her  waist. 
He  was  not  without  his  reward,  however,  for  he  discovered  her  purse  in  the  pocket  of 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  339 


her  dress  and  helped  himself  to  all  the  money  it  contained — a  considerable  but  not 
definitely  known  sum. 

The  family  being  thus  assembled  in  the  little,  low  studded  chamber,  the 
burglars  proceeded  with  the  work  of  binding  the  several  members  of  it.  The  elder 
Mr.  Eobinson,  Mrs.  Smith  and  the  girl  were  securely  fastened  to  chairs  by  cords, 
their  hands  being  manacled  behind  their  backs.  They  were  all  blindfolded;  but 
the  women  were  not  gagged,  although  one  of  the  robbers  assured  Mrs.  Smith  that 
he  thought  she  deserved  to  be  for  her  saucy  speeches.  The  chairs  occupied  by  Mrs. 
Smith  and  the  servant  girl  were  placed  back  to  back,  and  the  two  women  were 
thoroughly  tied  together.  It  was  then  proposed  to  tie  Mrs.  Eobinson  likewise,  but 
Mrs.  Smith  strongly  protested  against  this,  asserting  that  it  would  kill  her,  as  she 
had  heart  disease  and  must  be  allowed  to  lie  down.  It  was  indeed  true  that  Mrs. 
Eobinson  was  suffering  from  a  paroxysm  of  that  complaint  at  the  time,  and  her 
appearance  indicated  the  near  approach  of  death.  The  robbers  became  convinced 
of  the  serious  nature  of  her  attack,  for  they  permitted  her  to  lie  down  upon  the  bed 
and  from  that  time  showed  her  great  care  and  consideration.  One  of  them  asked 
her  daughter  for  brandy  for  her  mother,  and  on  being  told  there  was  none  in  the 
house,  expressed  the  opinion  that  she  lied.  He  was  told,  however,  that  there  was 
camphor,  and  on  being  directed  where  to  find  it,  one  of  the  party  was  sent  down 
stairs  and  brought  up  the  camphor  bottle,  the  ice  pitcher  and  a  couple  of  goblets; 
and  a  little  diluted  camphor  was  then  given  to  Mrs.  Eobinson  by  the  hand  of  her 
faithful  guardian. 

Matters  being  thus  arranged  within  the  house,  the  robbers  proposed  to  Eugene 
H.  Eobinson  that  he  should  go  to  the  bank  and  open  the  vault.  ,  To  this  the  cashier 
decidedly  demurred;  but  after  considerable  talk  and  many  threats  of  death  to  him- 
self and  other  members  of  the  family,  two  of  the  robbers  took  him  downstairs  and 
led  him,  blindfolded  and  barefoot,  behind  the  fence  before  mentioned  to  the  side 
door  of  the  bank.  The  key  to  the  front  door  had  been  taken  from  his  pocket,  and 
one  of  the  robbers  had  entered  the  bank  that  way  and  then  opened  the  side  door  to 
let  the  party  in.  Arrived  in  the  bank,  the  bandage  was  removed  from  Mr.  Eobin- 
son's  eyes  and,  with  his  hands  still  manacled,  he  was  ordered  to  open  the  vault. 
Alone,  unarmed,  in  bonds,  at  the  small  hours  of  the  night,  with  no  help  or  hope  of 
assistance,  and  with  three  unknoTvn  felons,  armed  to  the  teeth,  in  the  desperate 
pursuit  of  plunder,  threatening  death  and  certain  to  inflict  torture  if  their  demands 
were  not  complied  with,  it  was  evident  that  resistance  was  useless  and  delay,  even, 
dangerous.  Frederick  the  Great  said  that  the  man  who  did  not  know  what  fear  was 
never  snuffed  a  candle  with  his  fingers.  If  he  had  lived  in  the  days  of  masked 
robbers,  he  might  have  found  an  illustration  quite  as  pat  in  a  bank  officer  standing 
before  a  locked  safe  in  the  middle  of  the  night  with  a  trio  of  loaded  revolvers  within 
a  few  inches  of  his  head.  Certain  it  is  that  not  one  man  in  a  million  could  go 
through  that  experience  and  truthfully  say  he  knew  no  fear. 

Mr.  Eobinson  opened  the  vault  door  and  then  the  door  of  the  inner  safe.  In 
doing  so  he  failed  several  times  to  work  the  combination  properly,  hoping  against 
hope  that  delay  might  bring  relief  from  the  cruel  task.  Then  he  was  obliged  to 
stand  by  helpless  while  the  robbers  removed  the  bundles  of  bank  billSj  bonds  and 
other  valuables.     During  the  operation  he  remonstrated  with  the  burglars  when 


340  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

they  appeaxed  about  to  take  some  notes  which  could  be  of  no  use  to  them  and 
■would  only  inconvenience  the  bank,  but  he  was  silenced  by  the  threat  to  again  gag 
and  blindfold  him. 

The  plunder  being  removed  from  the  safe  and  packed  in  a  tobacco  tub  which 
stood  in  the  bank,  the  proposition  was  made  that  Cashier  Eobinson  should  be  secured 
by  locking  him  in  the  vault.  He  asked  his  tormentors  not  to  do  that,  but  to  shoot 
him  if  they  meant  to  kill  him.  They  asked  him  if  he  supposed  he  could  not  live  in 
the  vault,  and  he  said  he  could  not  live  in  there  half  an  hour.  They  then  con- 
eluded  to  return  him  to  the  house,  and  allowing  him  to  lock  the  vault  they  took  him 
back  to  the  chamber  where  three  of  the  party  had  been  left  to  guard  the  rest  of  the 
family. 

While  the  robbery  of  the  bank  was  in  progress  the  three  burglars  who  were  left 
to  look  after  the  captives  in  the  house  seem  to  have  had  their  hands  full  of  business. 
Mr.  Eobinson  was  bound,  gagged,  blindfolded  and  tied  to  his  chair,  and  of  course 
he  was  silent  and  helpless  and  caused  them  no  trouble.  But  Mrs.  Robinson  was  ap- 
parently dying,  and  one  of  the  robbers  was  busily  engaged  in  administering  to  her 
wants  and  quieting  her  fears.  He  said  that  he  had  a  mother,  and  he  felt  very  sorry 
for  her  (Mrs.  Robinson).  He  even  wished  she  was  in  South  America  or  anywhere 
else  than  there,  and  he  assured  her  that  if  her  son,  Eugene  H.,  had  only  slept  in 
the  bank,  they  would  never  have  troubled  anybody  in  the  house.  He  covered  her 
carefully  and  tenderly  with  the  bed-clothes,  and  did  everything  in  his  power  to 
make  her  comfortable.  This  same  villain,  who  seems  to  have  been  the  Chesterfield 
of  the  party,  noticed  that  the  servant  girl  was  shivering,  when  he  brought  a  blanket 
from  the  bed  and  tenderly  wrapped  her  up.  He  offered  to  perform  the  same  kind 
office  for  Mrs.  Smith,  but  she  cut  his  gallant  attentions  short  by  a  decided  snub. 
The  family  probably  owed  it  to  the  soft-heartendess  and  good  humor  of  this  polite 
member  of  the  gang  that  they  were  not  shut  up  in  their  prison  much  longer  than 
they  were. 

In  the  course  of  their  talk — and  there  was  considerable — the  man  who  first 
entered  Mrs.  Smith's  room  claimed  that  he  had  told  her  the  truth,  but  she  expressed 
something  more  than  a  doubt  of  his  veracity.  She  said  he  had  promised  to  return 
her  rings,  which  he  had  taken  from  her  and  thrown  under  the  bed.  He  then  said 
they  were  in  the  slop  Jar  near  her;  but  she  replied  that  she  did  not  believe  him. 
Then  he  changed  his  story  and  said  they  were  in  a  cup  on  the  table.  She  said  that 
now  she  knew  he  was  lying.  He  finally  said  he  would  give  them  to  her;  and  he 
laid  them  on  her  lap.  Thinking  that  if  they  were  left  there  in  sight  some  of  the 
other  men  would  carry  them  off,  she  told  him  to  put  them  on  her  fingers;  and  he 
did  as  she  directed,  getting  down  on  the  floor  and  putting  the  rings  in  their  accus- 
tomed places  on  her  fingers.  She  then  told  him  to  bring  her  watch.  After  inquiring 
which  it  was,  he  took  it  to  her,  put  the  chain  around  her  neck  and  left  it  there;  and 
it  was  not  taken  afterwards.  Her  father's  watch  was  also  returned  the  same  way. 
But  Eugene's  watch — a  very  valuable  one — was  carried  off. 

The  booty  for  which  the  expedition  was  organized  having  been  secured,  it  only 
remained  for  the  robbers  to  make  their  escape,  after  having  imprisoned  their  victims 
in  such  a  manner  that  no  alarm  could  be  given  for  several  hours.  And  this  they 
proceeded  to*  do.     Eugene,  the  cashier,  was  bound  to  a  chair,  and  he  and  his  father 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINtTED).  04-1 


were  tied  back  to  back,  as  the  two  women  had  been.     Before  this  was  done,  however, 
one    of    the    robbers    asked    where    the   hammer   and    nails    were    kept.      Mrs. 
Smith  told  him  she  didn't  know,  when  the  robber  swore  an  oath  or  two  and 
told  her  that  she  lied.    One  of  the  party  then  went  down  stairs  to  find  the 
needed  articles  and  in  a  little  time  came  back  with  a  few  tenpenny  nails,  which  it 
was  afterward  discovered  he  pulled  from  the  pantry  walls.     With  these  nails  they 
proceeded  to  fasten  the  door  leading  to  the  back  staircase.     This  door  swung  into 
the  room  occupied  by  the  family,  and  the  robbers  drove  four  nails  into  the  casing  at 
its  edge,  so  as  to  fasten  it  very  firmly.     They  stripped  the  bed  which  the  girl  had 
occupied  and  placed  it  against  the  little  window  near  the  floor  so  as  to  prevent  a 
ray  of  light  from  shining  through.      They  proceeded  to  remove   every  lamp  from 
the  room;  but  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  Mrs.  Eobinson  and  in  view  of  what  they 
believed   to  be  her   dangerous  condition,  the   heart  of   her  particular   attendant 
relented  and  it  was  finally  agreed  that  one  of  their  dark  lanterns  should  be  left 
burning  on  the  stand  at  the  head  of  the  bed.     The  same  kind  soul  also  placed  her 
camphor  and  water  ready  to  her  hand,  and  insisted  that  she  should  not  have  her 
hands  manacled.    HandcufEs  were  placed  on  her  ankles,  however,  and  she  was  tied 
to  the  bed  with  strips  torn  from  one  of  the  sheets. 

All  this  being  arranged,  one  of  the  party  made  a  little  speech  to  the  captives, 
telling  them  that  the  house  would  be  watched  until  morning,  and  that  if  anybody 
went  out  of  it  he  would  be  killed.  He  also  hinted  that  if  they  moved,  tipped  over 
a  chair,  or  anything  of  that  sort,  some  train  might  be  fired  and  something  very 
dreadful  might  happen.  The  burglars  then  left  the  room.  They  locked  the  door 
leading  to  the  front  stairs,  and  secured  it  further  by  driving  a  couple  of  tenpenny 
nails  into  the  casing  on  the  outside.  In  driving  all  these  nails  they  used  a  hammer 
which  they  found  down  stairs.  Afterwards  a  heavy  sledge  hammer,  which  they  had 
taken  from  P.  Gr.  Lyon's  blacksmith  shop,  was  found  at  the  head  of  the  stairs. 

The  robbers  then  passed  down  the  stairs  and  out  the  front  door,  which  they 
slammed  behind  them  and  locked  on  the  outside,  throwing  away  the  key.  They  at 
once  loaded  themselves  and  their  booty  into  their  vehicles,  which  they  had  left  in 
the  shed  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  drove  rapidly  out  of  town  in  the  direction 
of  Elmira. 

The  villains  had  indeed  gone;  but  the  bound,  imprisoned  and  terrified  family 
were  helpless  until  the  coming  day  should  bring  suspicion,  inquiry  and  relief  from 
the  neighbors.  For  about  an  hour  they  remained  silent  and  irresolute,  imagining  and 
dreading  some  further  calamity  if  they  attempted  to  help  themselves.  At  last, 
however,  the  women  began  to  talk  in  whispers,  and  it  was  agreed  that  Mrs.  Eobinson 
should  make  an  effort  to  get  up  and  cut  the  cords  which  bound  the  others.  She 
succeeded  without  much  trouble  in  loosening  the  cords  which  bound  her  to  the  bed. 
In  the  meantime  Mr.  Eobinson  and  Eugene  had  hitched  their  chairs  toward  the 
bed.  Mrs.  Eobinson  got  up,  and  hobbling  as  well  as  she  could  with  her  shackled 
feet,  reached  her  husband,  took  his  knife  from  his  pocket,  cut  the  Cords  which  held 
the  gags  in  the  men's  mouths,  and  then  proceeded  to  sever  the  ropes  which  bound 
them  in  their  chairs.  This  was  not  a  very  rapid  job,  but  it  was  finally  accomplished, 
and  the  father  and  son  were  free,  except  that  their  hands  were  still  manacled 
behind  their  backs.     And  now  the  work  went  on  more  rapidly.     Eugene  took  the 


342  HISTOHT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

knife,  ajid  sitting  on  the  floor  he  soon  succeeded  in  cutting  the  cords  which  bound 
his  sister  and  the  girl.  The  captives  were  now  all  free  to  see  and  to  talk,  although 
the  four  stronger  ones  still  had  their  hands  bound  behind,  and  Mrs.  Eobinson  was 
shackled  by  stout  steel  handcuffs. 

But  how  were  they  to  get   out   of  their  prison  and  arouse  the   neighbors? 
Looking  around  the  room,  they  happily  found  a  new  large  screw  driver  which  the 
burglars  had  left  behind.     With  this  the  two  men  went  to  work  to  bend  back  the 
nails  which  fastened  the  door  leading  to  the  back  staircase.     Hampered  as  they 
were  they  took  turns  at  this  work,  standing  on  a  chair  to  reach  the  upper  nails; 
and  after  much  tiresome  labor  they  were  rewarded — ^the  door  came  open  and  they 
were  free  to  pass  out.     Then  they  looked  at  their  watches  and  it  was  3:45  o'clock. 
The  next  thing  to  be  done  was  to  get  the  colored  man  Joe  up  and  send  him  for 
the  neighbors.       They  could  not  take  the  dark  lantern  to  light  them  through  to 
Joe's  room,  for  they  feared  the  house  might  still  be  watched  from  the  outside>  and 
the  movement  of  the  light  be  seen.     So  Mrs.  Smith  and   Eugene  started  in  the 
dark  to  awaken  Joe.     Mrs.  Smith  stated  that  she  was  afraid  at  each  step  that  she 
might  feel  the  touch  of  a  burglar,  and  one  can  easily  imagine  how  a  frail  woman  at 
such  an  hour  and  under  such  circumstances,  might  feel.     Nevertheless  the  heroic 
woman  and  her  brother  went  through  the  back  hall  and  into  the  dark  room 
beyond.     Here  Eugene  went  to  the  low  window  to  see  if  there  was  any  suspicious 
movement  outside,  while  Mrs.  Smith,  carefully   feeling  her   way  with  her  foot  at 
each  step,  slowly  went  toward  Joe's  door.     At  last  it  was  reached,  and  summoning 
all  her  resolution,  she  opened  it,  went  into  the  room  and  placed  her  hand  on  the 
fortunate  colored  man  who  had  not  been  molested  by  the  burglars.     She  told  him 
that  the  bank  and  house  had  been  robbed,  and  that  he  must  get  up  and  dress  himself 
at  once.    Joe  did  so;  and  he  soon  made  his  appearance  clad  and  in  his  right  mind  but 
very  badly  frightened.     Mr.  Eobinson  requested  him  to  go  down  stairs,  get  out  of 
the  window  of  his  bedroom,  climb  over  the  fence,  and  call  up  Judge  Williams.   Joseph 
demurred;  he  couldn't  do  that  for  love  nor  money;  he  would  surely  be  gobbled  up 
by  some  of  those  awful  robbers,  and  there  would  be  no  more  Joe!     It  was  finally 
arranged  that  Eugene  should  make  the  proposed  trip  and  that  Joe  should  go  along 
to  act  as  hands  for  him.     And  so  the  two  departed  on  their  errand,  and  succeeded 
in  reaching  Judge  Williams'  house  -nithout  mishap*. 

The  Judge  was  quickly  aroused  and  soon  made  his  appearance.  By  this  time 
Mr.  Eobinson's  family  had  got  down  stairs;  but  no  lamps  belonging  to  the  house 
could  be  found  nor  any  matches,  and  the  Judge  was  obliged  to  go  home  to  get  a 
lantern.  It  was  afterward  found  that  the  burglars  had  gathered  up  every  lamp 
in  the  house,  except  the  chandeliers,  and  placed  them  in  the  woodshed. 

The  alarm  having  been  given,  the  news  spread  rapidly  through  that  part  of 
the  town,  and  before  daylight  many  citizens  had  congregated  at  the  scene  of  the 
crime.  Blacksmiths  were  sent  for  and  the  gyves  were  cut  from  the  limbs  of  the 
members  of  the  family.  It  was  found  that  nobody  had  been  hurt  except  the  father, 
John  L.  Eobinson,  whose  face  had  been  cut  in  the  struggle  with  his  captors. 

The  news  of  this  high-handed  crime  spread  rapidly  and  caused  a  profound 


*  It  was  afterward  learned  that  one  of  the  parties  was  stationed  at  the  door  of  Judge  WiUiams'  home,  armed 
with  a  heavy  club,  to  strike  him  down  in  case  he  heard  any  noise  and  came  forth  to  investigate. 


WBLLSBOso  (continued).  343 


sensation.  Everybody  was  ezcited.  At  first  the  family  of  the  banker  was  looked 
after  and  their  wants  provided  for.  This  caused  a  delay  of  fully  two  hours  before 
pursuit  was  thought  of.  Attention  was  then  turned  to  this  important  matter  and  an 
organization  was  effected,  but  it  was  6  o'clock  before  any  one  left  the  borough  to 
pursue  the  robbers.  It  was  quickly  learned  that  they  had  fed  their  horses  at  the 
Episcopal  church  shed,  and  that  one  horse  they  drove  wore  a  circular  shoe.  This 
was  an  important  clue.  Information  soon  came  that  the  party  of  six  men  had  passed 
down  the  road  toward  Tioga,  and  it  was  also  learned  that  the  robbers  drove  into 
Elmira  between  8  and  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  having  covered  the  forty-two  miles 
in  about  six  and  a  half  hours. 

In  their  flight  they  seemed  to  have  been  daring,  if  not  reckless.  They  threw 
out  parts  of  their  disguise,  which  were  afterwards  found,  at  various  points  along  the 
road;  and  they  drove  for  miles  by  the  side  of  the  only  telegraph  line  which  con- 
nected WeUsboro  and  Elmira  at  that  time  and  never  attempted  to  cut  the  wire. 
But  it  seems  that  good  luck,  or  something  else,  favored  them  in  their  flight,  for  the 
message  from  WeUsboro  advising  the  Elmira  authorities  of  what  had  occurred  was 
delayed  at  Coming  for  several  hours,  and  did  not  reach  Elmira  until  two  hours  after 
the  robbers  had  arrived  there  ! 

THE    PKOPEKTT    TAKEN. 

The  money  and  negotiable  securities  taken  from  the  bank  amounted  to  be- 
tween $30,000  and  $35,000.  About  $30,000  in  negotiable  bonds,  left  as  special 
deposits,  were  also  taken.  In  addition  to  these  valuables,  which  could  be  made 
available  in  the  hands  of  third  parties,  $10,000  of  registered  bonds  and  nearly 
$30,000  of  non-negotiable  securities  were  also  taken.  A  number  of  the  bonds  were 
carried  to  England  and  negotiated,  and  when  the  Geneva  award  was  paid  they  came 
back  to  this  government. 

Prompt  steps  were  taken  to  ascertain  the  condition  of  the  bank.  A  reward  of 
$5,000  was  offered  for  the  return  of  the  property,  or  $1,000  for  the  arrest  and  con- 
viction of  each  of  the  robbers.  The  officers  and  directors  of  the  bank  promptly 
issued  a  card  assuring  the  public  that  the  loss  sustained  would  not  affect  the  solvency 
of  the  institution  and  that  all  checks  would  "be  paid  as  usual  at  the  counter  of  the 
bank." 

TWO    OE    THE    EOBBEES    CAPTUEED. 

As  the  whole  country  was  alarmed,  and  everybody  was  on  the  alert,  the  chief 
robber  was  soon  traced  to  Waverly  and  arrested  with  much  of  the  stolen  plunder 
in  his  possession,  including  the  fine  gold  watch  taken  from  Cashier  Eobinson.  He 
proved  to  be  one  Cosgrove,  with  many  aliases,  and  was  known  to  the  police  as  an 
expert  cracksman  and  burglar.  A  young  man  named  Orson  Cook,  who  drove  the 
wagon,  was  also  captured,  and  was  brought  to  "WeUsboro  with  Cosgrove,  and  both 
were  securely  locked  up  in  the  county  jail.  The  other  members  of  the  band  es- 
caped and  some  of  them  made  their  way  across  the  ocean,  bearing  with  them  several 
thousand  dollars'  worth  of  negotiable  bonds. 

At  the  ISTovember  sessions,  1874,  Cosgrove  and  Cook  were  tried  and  convicted. 
Judge  Wilson,  assisted  by  Associates  Smith  and  MeNaughton,  presided.    The  pris- 


344  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

oners  were  defended  by  Messrs.  Williston,  Mitchell  and  Cameron,  while  the  prose- 
cution was  conducted  by  W.  A.  Stone,  district  attorney,  assisted  by  Hon.  Mortimer 
F.  Elliott. 

Isaac  Marsh,  alias  Ike  Morris,  alias  Howard,  alias  Cosgrove,  was  sentenced  by 
Judge  Wilson  as  follows:  First  count,  pay  a  fine  of  $1,000,  costs,  and  be  imprisoned 
nine  years  and  nine  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary;  second  count,  restore  the 
stolen  goods,  pay  a  fine  of  $500,  and  be  imprisoned  three  years;  third  count,  pay  a 
fine  of  $500,  and  be  imprisoned  four  years,  making  a  total  fine  of  $3,000  and  sixteen 
years  and  nine  months  in  solitary  confinement. 

Orson  Cook  was  also  convicted  on  three  counts.  His  term  of  service  was  one 
year  less  on  each  count  than  was  imposed  on  Cosgrove,  making  his  total  time 
thirteen  years  and  nine  months.  He  was  very  much  cast  down  on  receiving  his 
sentence,  but  Cosgrove  was  bold  and  defiant,  declaring  that  it  was  simply  bad  luck 
on  his  part,  and  if  he  were  at  liberty  he  would  do  the  same  thing  again. 

COSGKOVE      BEFOKMS. 

The  remarkable  career  of  Cosgrove  as  a  criminal  had  a  singular,  if  not  ro- 
mantic, termination.  There  is  a  humanitarian  society  in  Philadelphia  whose  duty 
it  is  to  look  after  long  term  and  hardened  criminals,  and  make  an  efEort  to  reclaim 
them.  The  attention  of  the  society  was  attracted  to  Cosgrove,  and  when  he  emerged 
from  prison  after  serving  his  long  sentence,  he  was  kindly  taken  in  charge  by  this 
society,  a  boarding  house  was  secured  for  him,  he  was  kept  away  from  evil  asso- 
ciations, and  an  efEort  made  to  reclaim  him  by  good  infiuences.  The  effort  was  not 
without  reward.  Kindness,  moral  suasion,  and  pious  teaching  had  its  effect  on  the 
hardened  criminal.  He  saw  the  evil  of  his  ways  and  declared  that  he  had  resolved 
to  live  a  new  life. 

In  the  meantime  Hon.  Henry  "W.  Williams,  who  was  president  judge  of  the 
court  in  which  Cosgrove  had  been  convicted  in  1874,  had  been  promoted  to  the 
bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  was  living  in  Philadelphia  when  he 
emerged  from  prison.  Much  to  his  surprise,  one  evening  in  the  winter  of  1891,  he 
received  a  letter  from  Cosgrove  telling  him  what  had  been  done  for  him  by  the 
society,  and  saying  that  with  his  permission  he  would  be  glad  to  pay  him  a  personal 
visit  and  tell  him  of  his  conversion  through  the  kindly  offices  of  the  humanitarian 
society.  Permission  was  granted,  Cosgrove  came  and  the  meeting  was  a  very 
pleasant  one;  he  related  the  story  of  his  life,  told  what  had  been  done  for  him  and 
his  change  of  purpose.  Judge  Williams  encouraged  him  to  be  firm  in  his  purpose 
and  good  would  follow  his  resolve. 

Within  six  or  eight  weeks  Judge  Williams  received  an  invitation  to  be  present 
on  a  certain  evening  at  Trinity  Episcopal  church,  Philadelphia,  to  witness  the  bap- 
tism and  confirmation  of  Cosgrove.  "I  attended,"  remarked  Judge  Williams  at 
the  close  of  relating  this  strange  story,  "and  witnessed  the  solemn  ceremony,  con- 
gratulated him  on  his  changed  life  and  upon  the  favoring  influences  by  which  he 
was  surrounded  at  the  beginning  of  his  work  as  a  Christian  man." 

"Did  he  remain  firm  in  the  faith  ?"  the  Judge  was  asked.  "I  kept  track  of  him 
for  one  or  two  years,"  he  replied,  "and  he  was  still  living  a  consistent  and  useful  life, 
and  was  engaged  when  I  last  heard  from  him,  as  a  sort  of  general  overseer  and  pur- 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  ,QAn 


chasing  agent  for  a  large  private  hospital  under  the  care  of  the  society  which  had 
reclaimed  him." 

MANUPACTUEING    AND     OTHER    ENTEEPEISES. 

The  tannery  established  between  1812  and  1816  by  Joseph  Fish  was  operated 
by  him  until  1828,  when  he  sold  it  to  Elhs  M.  Bodine,  who  had  removed  to  Wellsboro 
from  Jersey  Shore.  In  1846  his  growing  business  made  it  necessary  for  him  to 
erect  a  larger  biulding.  This  was  destroyed  by  iire  in  1848  and  was  not  rebuilt,  Mr. 
Bodine  retiring  from  the  business  and  devoting  himself  to  farming. 

The  Wellsboro  Tannery  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  small  tanning  enterprise  estab- 
lished about  1825  by  William  Taylor,  who  carried  it  on  until  his  death  about  1846. 
His  widow  married  Joseph  EiberoUe,  who  conducted  the  business  there  until  1857, 
when  he  erected  a  new  tannery  building  across  the  street  on  the  site  of  the  present 
tannery.  Here  he  carried  on  business  for  many  years.  Since  1881  the  plant  has 
been  owned  and  operated  by  John  Gisin.  In  1886  the  old  building  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  was  replaced  by  the  present  building.  Mr.  Gisin  manufactures  upper 
leather,  which  is  shipped  to  Eoston  in  the  red  and  finished  state. 

The  Spencer  Planing  and  Shingle  Mill  is  the  successor  of  one  of  the  oldest 
manufacttiring  enterprises  in  Wellsboro.  About  1830  David  Caldwell  located  in 
the  borough  and  started  a  cabinet  shop,  having  as  an  apprentice  Benjamin  T.  Van 
Horn,  who  remained  with  him  five  years  and  then  opened  a  shop  of  his  own  on 
the  site  now  occupied  by  J.  C.  &  S.  A.  Spencer.  Here  for  fifteen  years  all  his  work 
was  done  by  hand.  In  1850  the  shop  was  equipped  with  machinery.  Mr.  Van 
Horn  continued  in  business  until  1872,  when  he  sold  the  shop  and  plant  to  his 
son,  Eankin  L.  Van  Horn,  and  his  son-in-law,  N.  T.  Chandler.  This  firm  carried 
on  cabinet  making  and  general  wood  working  and  operated  the  plant  until  the 
fall  of  1894,  when  they  sold  it  to  J.  C.  &  S.  A.  Spencer,  the  present  proprietors.  It 
is  situated  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Pearl  and  Wain  streets,  and  is  devoted  to 
planing,  matching,  moulding,  scroll  sawing  and  shingle  making. 

The  first  wagon  shop  in  Wellsboro  was  established  about  1836  by  Sylvester 
Kelley,  on  Main  street,  just  above  Dr.  Shearer's  residence.  He  ran  it  about  ten 
years.  Another  shop  was  established  about  1844  by  Seneca  B.  Kendall.  About 
1845  Hiram  W.  Dartt  entered  this  shop  as  an  apprentice  and  within  a  year  purchased 
an  interest  in  it.  In  1850  the  firm  became  Dartt  &  Gray  and  so  continued  for 
about  two  years,  when  Mr.  Dartt  bought  out  Gray's  interest  and  carried  on  the 
business  for  himself  until  1884,  when  his  son,  Albert  P.,  succeeded  him.  In  1890 
he  consolidated  the  plant  with  that  of  the  Wellsboro  Carriage  Company,  which  has 
since  been  owned  and  operated  by  himself  and  his  brother,  Edgar  S.  Dartt.  The 
front  part  of  the  old  shop  on  Main  street,  near  Hiram  W.  Dartt's  residence,  is  used 
for  a  broom  factory.  In  the  rear  part  Mr.  Dartt,  though  advanced  in  years,  although 
not  regularly  engaged  in  manufacturing,  still  works  at  his  trade. 

About  1850  Andrew  Crowl  established  a  wagon  shop  on  Water  street,  near  the 
site  of  Watkins'  livery  stable,  where  he  manufactured  wagons,  carriages,  sleighs, 
etc.,  for  twenty  years. 

The  Wellsboro  Carriage  Worhs  were  founded  about  1870,  by  E.  L.  Mack,  who 
was  succeeded  in  1888  by  the  Wellsboro  Carriage  Company,  composed  of  W.  E. 


346  HISTOKY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

Wisehart,  E.  S.  Dartt  and  E.  W.  Keifer.  The  shop  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1889, 
It  was  rebuilt;  the  plant  of  A.  P.  Dartt  consolidated  with  that  of  the  old  proprietors, 
and  the  works  have  since  been  carried  on  by  A.  P.  and  E.  S.  Dartt,  who  compose 
the  present  Wellsboro  Carriage  Company.  About  fifteen  men  are  employed  the 
year  round.     The  plant  is  located  on  East  avenue,  opposite  the  Bache  Auditorium. 

The  Wellsboro  Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  was  established  about  1854  by  A. 
P.  Cone  and  was  operated  by  him  for  a  number  of  years,  since  which  time  it  has 
had  various  owners,  among  them  being  Young  &  Williams,  Williams  &  Sears,  Keen 
&  Company,  William  C.  Kress  and  E.  H.  Edwards,  who  ran  it  up  to  the  close  of 
1895.  The  plant  then  lay  idle  until  December,  1896,  when  White  Brothers  took 
charge  of  it  and  are  now  operating  it  as  a  foundry  and  machine  shop. 

B.  H.  Edwards'  Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  is  a  new  enterprise  on  State 
street.  It  was  started  as  a  machine  shop  in  December,  1895,  and  a  foundry  added 
in  December,  1896.     Five  men  are  employed. 

Sheffer's  Brewery  was  established  about  1868,  on  Kelsey  creek,  back  of  the 
Coles  House,  by  Charles  ShefEer.  He  died  in  1876  and  his  widow  carried  on  the 
brewery  until  1878,  after  which  the  building  was  converted  into  a  family  dwelling. 

Och's  Brewery  was  established  about  1875  by  John  Och,  on  Charleston  creek, 
near  the  present  railroad  station.  It  was  washed  away  by  the  June  flood  of  1889, 
and  was  not  rebuilt. 

The  Wellsboro  Manufacturing  and  Building  Company  (Limited)  is  the  successor 
of  a  sash  factory  established  about  1870,  on  the  same  site  at  the  foot  of  Main  street, 
by  Benjamin  Austin.  He  died  in  1873  and  the  plant  was  carried  on  by  his  heirs  for 
a  time  and  then  by  Truman  &  Bowen  until  it  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1878.  In 
1879  the  present  bxiildings  were  erected  and  plant  established  by  Harman,  Borden 
&  Trull.  In  1880  Mr.  Trull  retired  and  the  firm  became  Harman,  Borden  &  Com- 
pany, which  was  succeeded  in  July,  1892,  by  the  Wellsboro  Manufacturing  and 
Building  Company  (Limited).  The  capital  stock  of  this  corporation  is  $15,000. 
It  manufactures  much  of  the  lumber  used  by  the  company  for  building  and  other 
purposes;  operates  a  large  planing  mill;  gives  employment  to  fifteen  hands,  and 
does  a  general  wood  working,  contracting  and  building  business.  Its  officers  are 
as  follows:  E.  J.  Borden,  superintendent;  E.  J.  Borden,  J.  H.  Harman,  J.  W. 
Mather,  L.  A.  Gardner  and  P.  W.  Graves,  managers. 

The  Wellsboro  Cigar  Factory,  on  Queen  street,  is  the  successor  of  a  factory 
previously  occupied  by  C.  A.  Yale.  The  pioneer  factory  was  established  about 
1872  by  Mr.  Yale,  on  Main  street,  near  the  Wellsborough  National  Bank,  and  was 
afterwards  operated  by  him  at  various  locations  in  the  borough.  In  1881  the  C. 
A.  Yale  Cigar  Company  was  incorporated.  In  1885  the  name  was  changed  to  the 
Grand  Master  Cigar  Company  and  for  about  two  years  the  company  did  a  large 
business,  employing  nearly  100  hands.  The  business  was  continued  by  C.  A.  Yale. 
In  1894  M.  H.  Stebbins,  of  Sabinsville,  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  factory, 
of  Mrs.  C.  A.  Yale.  Three  men  were  then  employed.  The  business  was  continued 
until  April,  1895,  under  the  firm  name  of  C.  A.  Yale  &  Company,  since  which  time 
Mr.  Stebbins  has  been  the  sole  proprietor.  Eleven  hands  are  employed  and  400,000 
cigars  manufactured  annually. 


WELLSBOKO    (CONTINUED).  347 


The  C.  A.  Yale  Cigar  Factory  was  established  in  the  spring  of  1896.  It  is  the 
successor  of  a  small  factory  established  in  March,  1894,  by  A.  H.  Ballinger.  The 
factory  is  located  on  East  avenue,  near  Pearl  street. 

The  Wellsboro  Boiler  Mill,  situated  on  East  avenue,  east  of  Main  street,  was 
erected  in  1890  by  S.  L.  Herrington  and  i^'.  E.  Field,  on  the  site  of  a  mill  built 
several  years  before  by  Andrew  Kloek  and  S.  L.  Herrington,  but  which  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1890.  The  present  mill  is  a  four-story  structure,  equipped  with  eleven 
sets  of  rollers,  and  has  a  capacity  of  thirty  barrels  of  flour,  ten  tons  of  feed  and 
400  bushels  of  buckwheat  per  day.  Steam  power  is  used.  Herrington  &  Field 
ran  the  mill  until  1893,  when  it  became  the  property  of  A.  I.  Nichols  and  William 
Bache,  Jr.,  who  operate  it  under  the  name  of  Nichols  &  Bache.  It  is  devoted  to 
custom  work  and  the  manufacture  of  flour  for  general  trade. 

The  Keystone  Mills,  located  on  the  north  side  of  Charleston  street,  near  the 
railroad,  were  erected  in  1886  by  Alanson  Spencer  and  the  Dicldnson  estate,  the 
machinery  of  the  old  Dickinson  mill  below  the  borough  being  used  as  part  of  the 
interior  equipment,  which  consists  of  four  run  of  buhrs,  driven  by  steam. 
It  is  still  operated  by  Mr.  Spencer,  and  is  devoted  to  the  grinding  of  wheat,  buck- 
wheat, corn,  feed,  etc. 

The  Wellsboro  Glass  Company  (Limited)  was  formed  in  1886,  with  a  capital 
of  $50,000.  The  main  projector  of  the  enterprise  was  John  W.  Bailey,  who  took 
a  deep  interest  in  founding  the  plant.  The  company  organized  by  electing  the 
following  officers:  President,  John  W.  Bailey;  secretary,  Walter  Sherwood; 
treasurer,  J.  M.  Eobinson.  The  works  were  fitted  up  in  good  style  for  the  manu- 
facture of  glass,  and  were  in  successful  operation,  when,  on  November  8,  1888, 
the  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire,  entailing  a  loss  of  $28,000,  on  which  there  was  an 
insurance  of  only  $12,400.  In  addition  to  the  buildings,  $6,000  worth  of  glass 
and  $2,000  worth  of  pots  were  destroyed,  and  nearly  sixty  men  were  thrown  out 
of  employment. 

The  works  were  rebuilt  the  following  February  and  opened  at  once  under 
the  direction  of  the  Glass  Trust,  but  disaster  again  overtook  them  in  1892,  when 
they  were  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  and  never  rebuilt. 

The  Wellsboro  Veneer  Works,  located  on  the  site  of  the  old  glass  factory,  was 
founded  December  1,  1895,  by  T.  B.  Fields  &  Son.  The  plant  is  devoted  to  the 
manufacture  of  wood  veneers,  baskets,  handles  and  wood  novelties,  the  annual 
output  amounting  to  about  $25,000.  The  working  force  consists  of  from  twenty 
to  fifty  hands,  according  to  the  demands  of  business. 

The  Wellsboro  Exchange  of  the  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Company  is  one  of  the  latest  up-to-date  enterprises  of  the  borough. 
This  company  is  identical  with  the  Bell  IJIelephDne  Company,  and  the  exchange 
recently  established  connects  the  borough  with  all  the  cities  and  towns  throughout 
the  country  embraced  in  the  long-distance  telephone  system  of  the  company.  The 
exchange  is  located  in  the  store  of  E.  L.  Van  Horn  &  Son,  the  local  managers,  and 
is  for  the  use  of  the  public.  There  are  in  addition  twenty-three  subscribers,  who 
pay  an  annual  rental  for  instruments  placed  in  their  offices  or  residences.  The 
system  in  the  county  also  includes  the  principal  towns  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque 
valleys. 


348  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

THE   WELLSBOEO   OF   TO-DAY. 

It  is  ninety  yeaxs  since  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  laid  out  the  "county  town" 
of  Tioga  county,  and  named  it  Wellsboro,  in  honor  of  his  wife,  Mary  Wells  Morris. 
At  that  time  a  forest  stood  on  its  site,  and  a  wide-spreading  wilderness  environed 
it.  The  forest  has  disappeared,  and  the  wilderness  has  given  place  to  the  well- 
tUled  fields  of  thrifty  and  prosperous  husbandmen.  The  log  cabin  of  the  pioneer 
is  a  thing  ,of  the  past,  and  on  its  site  there  now  stands  the  modem  home — a  model 
of  up-to-date  architecture — with  its  interior  conveniences  and  exterior  attractiveness. 
So  many  of  these  handsome  residences  are  to  be  seen  in  all  parts  of  Wellsboro  that 
one  feels  that  the  claim  put  forth  for  it  as  a  place  of  beautiful  homes  is  amply 
sustained.  The  rude  log,  and  scarcely  less  rude  frame,  structures  in  which  the  early 
storekeepers,  innlceepers,  doctors  and  lawyers  transacted  business,  have  been 
replaced  by  sightly  and  substantial  brick  and  stone  business  blocks  and  office 
buildings  of  modern  design  and  architecture.  The  log  school  house  and  the  old 
Academy  find  worthy  successors  in  the  present  public  school  buildings,  thronged 
daily  by  hundreds  of  light-hearted  pupils,  the  beneficiaries  of  the  free  school  system 
of  the  State.  The  old  "Quaker  Meeting  House"  is  but  a  memory,  and  the  Quakers 
themselves  have  all  passed  away,  but  religion  and  morality  remain.  Instead  of 
one  modest  meeting  house,  there  are  now  six  church  buildings,  that  bear  witness 
in  their  architecture,  furnishing  and  decoration,  to  a  spirit  of  free-giving  on  the 
part  of  the  many  adherents  of  the  different  Christian  denominations  which  they 
represent.  On  every  hand  are  to  be  seen  evidences  of  intelligence,  culture,  taste, 
refinement,  public  spirit  and  private  enterprise. 

And  yet,  it  must  be  confessed  that  previous  to  1870  Wellsboro  grew  very 
slowly.  This  was  due  to  its  isolation — its  distance  from  either  navigable  stream 
or  railroad.  In  1840  it  had  but  368  inhabitants,  and  in  1870,  1,465.  In  1872 
came  the  railroad  and  gave  it  an  impetus,  resulting,  not  in  a  boom,  but  in  a  period 
of  subtantial  growth,  the  census  of  1880  showing  3,238  inhabitants,  and  that  of  1890 
3,961.     The  present  population  is  slightly  in  excess  of  3,000. 

The  Wellsboro  of  to-day  is  a  well-built  town.  Its  streets  are  wide,  and  though 
unpaved,  are  graded  and  kept  in  good  condition.  In  anticipation  of  early  paving, 
nearly  4,000  feet  of  sewers  have  been  constructed,  and  the  work  will  be  carried 
forward  as  rapidly  as  the  finances  of  the  borough  will  permit.  Good  flagstone 
sidewalks  have  been  put  down  in  all  parts  of  the  borough.  These,  in  combination 
with  well-kept  grounds,  stately  shade  trees  and  the  absence  of  fences,  add  much 
to  the  attractiveness  of  the  residence  portion,  and  show  a  commendable  pride  in 
appearances  on  the  part  of  the  citizens. 

The  Park  or  "Green"  though  occupying  but  a  single  square,  east  of  the  court 
house,  is  one  of  the  most  popular  places  of  public  resort  in  the  borough.  It  is 
county  property,  and  was  included  in  that  portion  of  the  original  village  site  deeded 
to  the  county  in  1806  by  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris.  The  center  is  occupied  by  a 
handsome  band  pagoda,  from  which  concerts  are  given  every  Friday  evenmg, 
during  the  summer  season,  by  the  Wellsboro  Band,  one  of  the  best  in  the  State. 
West  of  the  pagoda,  facing  Main  street,  stands  the  Soldiers'  Monument,  a  descrip- 
tion of  which  will  be  found  in  one  of  the  military  chapters.  'In  the  northern  part  of 
the  park  is  a  fine  monument  erected  in  honor  of  John  Magee,  the  founder  of  the  Fall 


WELLSBOEO    (CONTINUED).  349 


Brook  Coal  Company,  and  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  development  of  the 
great  coal  deposits  of  Tioga  county.  The  money  for  this  monument  was  con- 
tributed by  the  employes  of  the  company,  and  it  was  unveiled  December  1,  1886.  It 
is  fourteen  feet  in  height.  The  bases,  shaft  and  capstones  are  of  Quincy  granite, 
and  the  bust  of  bronze.  On  the  four  sides  of  the  polished  shaft  are  bronze  tablets 
containing  inscriptions  and  illustrations  commemorative  of  the  character,  pro- 
gressiveness  and  energy  of  the  man.  Surmounting  the  whole  work  is  a  bust  of  John 
Magee,  in  bronze.  It  is  four  feet  eight  inches  in  height  and  weighs  nearly  1,000 
pounds.    The  likeness  is  good  and  the  expression  of  the  face  natural. 

The  Bache  Auditorium  is  one  of  the  notable  buildings  of  the  Wellsboro  of 
to-day.  It  is  located  on  the  southeast  corner  of  East  avenue  and  Pearl  street,  and 
owes  its  existence  to  the  liberality  and  public  spirit  of  William  Bache,  assisted  by 
a  few  other  citizens.  It  was  erected  in  1894  at  a  cost  of  $16,000,  and  was  planned 
and  supervised  by  William  C.  Kress.  It  is  a  frame  building  sheathed  on  the  outside 
with  sheet  steel,  made  to  imitate  brick.  The  seating  capacity  is  1,100,  and  it  is 
fitted  throughout  with  the  latest  improved  opera  chairs.  The  stage,  which  is 
40x70  feet,  is  unusually  large,  and  there  is  a  full  equipment  of  stage  scenery  and 
accessories.  The  building  is  heated  by  steam  and  lighted  by  electricity.  It  was 
opened  to  the  public  in  November,  1894,  under  the  management  of  William  C. 
Kress.    During  the  past  year  it  has  been  managed  by  A.  P.  and  0.  H.  Dartt. 

The  business  interests  of  the  borough  are  in  the  hands  of  men  of  enterprise 
and  public  spirit.  The  stores  are  well-stocked  and  the  goods  tastefully  and 
attractively  displayed.  Five  hotels  cater  to  the  wants  of  the  traveling  public,  each 
being  managed  by  an  experienced  and  popular  landlord.  The  bar  is  represented  by 
lawyers  of  ability  and  reputation,  and  the  medical  profession  by  educated  and 
skillful  physicians.  Three  ably-conducted  and  neatly-printed  weekly  papers  deal 
with  matters  of  public  and  local  interest  and  receive  the  liberal  support  of  the 
people  of  the  borough  and  the  county.  Each  year  witnesses  the  erection  of  a  number 
of  handsome  private  residences,  and,  as  increase  of  trade  demands  it,  of  new  business 
blocks.  Wealth  is  evenly  distributed  and  the  number  of  needy  poor  less  than  in 
most  places  of  equal  population. 


CHAPTEE  XXIII. 

DELMAE  I'OWNSHIP. 

Ceeation— Oeiginal  Dividing  Line— Origin  of  Name— Reductions  op  Abea— 
Present  Boundaries— Character  op  Surface— Streams— The  "Big  Marsh" 
Altitude— Population— Pioneer  Settlers— Manuactubing  Enterprises- 
Schools— Churches  and  Cemeteries— Villages  and  Postoppices. 


AT  the  time  of  its  creation,  March  26,  1804,  the  county  of  Tioga  constituted  a 
single  township  and  also  a  single  election  district,  likewise  named  Tioga.  In 
1805  the  township  of  Delmar  was  created,  the  line  between  it  and  Tioga  township 
being  thus  described  in  the  report  of  the  survey  made  by  William  Benjamin.  It 
reads:  "Began  at  the  93d  mile-stone,  on  the  New  York  state  line;  thence  south 
twenty-five  miles  to  the  Briar  Hills,  and  thence  to  the  line  of  MifS.in  and  Lycoming 
townships,"  in  Lycoming  county,  embracing  all  that  portion  of  the  county  lying 
west  of  the  line  that  now  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  Charleston  township. 

The  name  originally  given  to  the  township  by  the  pioneer  settlers,  who  were 
from  Virginia,  Delaware,  Maryland  and  Philadelphia,  was  Virdelmar,  composed 
of  the  first  syllable  of  the  names  of  each  of  the  States  mentioned.  The  initial 
syllable  of  this  composite  appellation  was  dropped  when  the  township  was  created, 
leaving  the  present  name,  in  which  the  first  syllables  of  Delaware  and  Maryland  are 
preserved. 

By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  April  11,  1807,  the  township  of  Delmar 
was  constituted  a  separate  election  district,  it  being  provided  that  "the  electors 
thereof  shall  hold  their  general  elections  at  the  house  of  Joshua  Emlin."  Its  area, 
at  this  time,  embraced  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  county,  out  of  which,  from  time  to 
time,  new  townships  were  formed,  until  December,  1873,  when  the  township  was 
established  within  its  present  boundaries.  It  is  still,  notwithstanding  these  repeated 
reductions  of  area,  the  largest  township  in  the  county.  From  north  to  south 
it  is  thirteen  and  one-half  miles  long.  For  a  distance  of  nine  miles  from  its  northern 
boundary  line,  it  has  an  average  width  of  six  miles.  The  remaining  portion  averages 
eight  miles,  by  reason  of  an  L-like  extension  toward  the  west.  The  total  area  is  about 
eighty-five  square  miles.  The  borough  of  Wellsboro,  which  was  taken  from  it  in 
May,  1830,  and  which  was  the  first  borough  created  in  the  county,  is  situated  on 
the  Charleston  line,  northeast  of  the  geographical  center  of  the  township,  which 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Chatham  and  Middlebury;  on  the  east  by  Charleston 
and  Duncan;  on  the  south  by  Duncan  and  Morris,  and  on  the  west  by  Elk  and 
Shippen. 

Owing  to  its  oblong  conformation  and  extensive  area,  the  surface  and  scenery  of 
the  township  are  diversified.  The  former  is  broken,  consisting  of  hill  and  valley, 
with  limited  areas  of  comparatively  level  upland,  the  whole  forming  a  scene  at  once 
pleasing  and  picturesque.    The  rougher  portions  lie  north  of  Marsh  creek,  and  along 


DELMAE    TOWNSHIP.  35I 


the  Shippen,  Elk,  Morris  and  Duncan  borders.  Much  the  greater  portion  is,  however, 
under  cultivation,  the  soil,  totli  in  the  valleys  and  on  the  uplands,  being  fertile  and 
productive. 

The  streams  of  Delmar  township  are  numerous  and  serve  the  double  purpose 
of  diversifyiag  and  beautifying  its  scenery  and  fertilizing  its  soil.  The  watershed 
extends  from  a  point  near  school-house  No.  9,  northwest  through  the  township 
center,  to  near  school-house  No.  15,  in  the  Baldwin  district.  Marsh  creek,  the  prin- 
ciple stream,  is  formed  by  the  junction,  in  the  northern  part  of  Wellsboro,  of 
Charleston  creek  coming  from  the  southeast  out  of  Charleston  township,  and  Kelsey 
run,  which  flows  from  the  southwest,  having  its  source  near  the  center  of  the  town- 
ship. Morris  creek,  which  rises  near  the  southeast  corner  of  the  township,  and 
pursues  a  northerly  course,  empties  into  Kelsey  creek  near  its  mouth.  Marsh  creek 
follows  a  northwest  course  to  near  Stokesdale  Junction,  where  it  turns  west  and  flows 
through  a  marshy  and  winding  valley  to  Ansonia,  in  Shippen  township,  and  there 
unites  its  waters  with  thpse  of  Pine  creek.  The  branches  of  Marsh  creek  on  the  north 
are  Baldwin  run,  Kennedy  run  and  Dents  run.  From  the  south  it  receives  the  waters 
of  Heise  run,  which  rises  about  a  mile  and  a  half  west  of  Wellsboro.  Darling  run, 
which  rises  in  the  western  part,  and  Campbell  run  which  rises  in  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  township,  are  branches  of  Pine  creek,  which  crosses  its  southwest  comer. 
Stony  Fork  has  its  headwaters  near  the  center  of  the  township.  Its  course  is  south 
into  Morris  township,  where  it  empties  into  Babb's  creek.  West  Branch,  a  tributary 
of  Stony  Fork,  rises  near  the  southeast  corner  of  Shippen,  and  flows  southeast  into 
Morris  tovmship.  Wilson  creek  rises  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township,  and 
pursues  a  slightly  southeast  course  to  the  village  of  Morris,  where  it  unites  with 
Babb's  creek. 

The  "Big  Marsh"  is  one  of  the  noticeable  physical  features,  not  only  of  the 
township,  but  of  the  county.  It  is  a  level,  marshy  area,  lying  principally  northeast 
of  Stokesdale  Junction,  and  extending  to  the  Middlebury  township  line.  It  is 
claimed  by  those  who  have  made  the  geology  of  this  locality  a  study,  that  the 
origiual  course  of  Marsh  creek  was  through  this  marsh,  and  that  instead  of  flowing 
toward  the  west,  from  Stokesdale  Junction,  as  it  now  does,  it  kept  on  toward  the 
north  and  united  with  Crooked  creek  at  Middlebury  Center,  and  thus  became  a 
feeder  of  the  Tioga  river,  instead  of  a  tributary  of  Pine  creek.  Old  settlers  say, 
that  during  times  of  high  water,  before  the  days  of  railroad  embankments  and  other 
obstructions,  the  drainage  of  the  "Big  Marsh"  was  toward  the  north  and  the  south, 
its  waters  finding  an  outlet  into  Crooked  creek  on  the  north,  and  Marsh  creek  on 
the  south,  thus  constituting  it  a  valley  watershed,  giving  it  a  continuous  and 
unbroken  valley  drainage  in  opposite  directions.  There  are  several  of  these  valley 
watersheds  in  the  county,  their  presence  constituting  a  physicial  peculiarity  of  this 
section  of  the  State.  It  has  been  asserted  that  a  dam  fifty-four  feet  high  across 
Pine  creek,  at  Ansonia,  would  turn  its  waters  into  the  Marsh  creek  valley,  and  cause 
them  to  flow — as  it  is  contended  they  once  did  flow — into  Crooked  creek  and  the 
Tioga  river. 

The  mean  elevation  of  Delmar  township  is  about  1,500  feet  above  tide  water. 
The  highest  points  are  about  1,800  feet.  The  lowest,  at  Tiadaghton,  about  900  feet. 
The  altitude  of  Wellsboro,  railroad  level,  is  1,395  feet.    The  township  is  thickly 


352  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

settled  and  well  cultivated,  its  farmers  having  a  good  market  and  trading  point  in 
Wellsboro,  the  county  seat.  The  growth  in  population  and  material  wealth  has  been 
constant.  In  1880,  the  iirst  census  taken  after  the  township  was  established  within 
its  present  boimdaries,  showed  3,534  inhabitants,  and  that  of  1890,  3,081. 

PIONEEK    SETTLBKS. 

It  is  a  matter  of  considerable  diffiiculty  to  definitely  determine  who  was  the 
first  settler  in  Delmar  township,  outside  of  the  present  limits  of  Wellsboro,  upon 
the  site  of  which  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  settled  in  1800.  Within  the  next  few 
years  a  number  of  gentlemen — either  his  relatives,  friends  or  business  acquaintances — 
became  interested  with  him  in  the  settlement  and  devlopment  of  the  lands  of  the 
township,  and  several  of  them,  following  his  example,  removed  hither  and  addressed 
themselves  to  the  difficult  work  of  establishing  homes  in  the  heart  of  a  mountain 
wilderness. 

Among  those  who  may  be  classed  as  the  advance  guard  of  the  army  of  settlers 
who  soon  found  their  way  hither,  were  William  Hill  Wells  and  Gideon  Wells,  brothers 
of  Mrs.  Benjamin  W.  Morris;  John  Norris,  David  Lindsey,  Alpheus  Cheney, 
Daniel  Kelsey,  James  Iddings,  James  Dixon,  Eichard  Jackson  and  Eev.  Caleb  Boyer. 

To  William  Hill  Wells  is  usually  accorded  the  credit  of  being  the  first  person 
to  attempt  to  clear  a  farm  and  establish  a  home  in  the  township.  He  and  his  brother 
located  in  1802  about  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  from  the  site — in  Wellsboro — 
of  the  old  Morris  mansion,  now  occupied  by  the  residence  of  W.  D.  Van  Horn.  Here 
they  remained  a  few  years  and  then  removed  from  the  township,  as  did  also  James 
Iddings,  James  Dixon,  Kichard  Jackson  and  Eev.  Caleb  Boyer,  none  of  whose 
names  appear  upon  the  assessment  list  of  1813. 

When  William  Hill  Wells  decided  to  remove  from  the  township  and  to  return 
to  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia,  he  gave  his  farm  and  implements  to  Eben  and  Hetty 
Murry,  Elias  and  Maria  Spencer  and  Marcus  Lovett,  the  colored  slaves,  whom  he 
had  brought  with  him,  accompanying  the  gift  of  property  with  the  more  priceless 
gift  of  their  freedom  and  manumission.  The  white  neighbors  in  time  dispossessed 
them  of  their  property,  and  to  the  kindness  of  John  Norris,  Eben  and  Hetty  Murry 
were  finally  indebted  for  the  home  that  sheltered  them  in  their  declining  days.  A 
number  of  the  descendants  of  these  slaves  are  now  residents  of  Wellsboro. 

John  Norris,  a  native  of  England,  where  he  was  bom  in  1768,  and  a  graduate 
of  Oxford,  came  to  America  toward  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth  century  and  in  1799 
located  on  the  headwaters  of  the  First  fork  of  Pine  creek,  near  the  present  village  of 
Texas,  in  Lycoming  county.  In  the  "Historical  Collections  of  Pennsylvania,"  by 
Sherman  Day,  we  find  the  following  concerning  this  old  pioneer: 

Mr.  John  Norris,  from  Philadelphia,  first  came  about  the  beginning'  of  the  year  1799, 
to  the  southwestern  part  of  the  county,  as  an  agent  for  Mr.  Benjamin  W.  Morris,  who 
owned  lands  in  that  region.  He  was  accompanied  by  his  brother-in-law,  Mordecai  Jack- 
son, then  a  young  lad.  On  Mr.  Norris'  arrival  he  erected  a  grist  and  saw  mill  on  the 
waters  of  Little  Pine  creek,  just  within  the  boundary  of  Lycoming  county.  This  estab- 
lishment was  known  as  Morris'  Mills.  *  *  *  After  remaining  at  Morris'  Mills  five  or 
six  years,  and  inducing  some  half  dozen  settlers  to  immigrate,  Mr.  Norris  removed  to  the 
vicinity  of  the  Big  Marsh,  and  subsequently,  in  1807,  to  the  place  where  he  now  [1843] 
lives,  within  a  mile  of  Wellsboro. 


^{i^^lU. 


'~^^4^(^t^^ 


DELMAB   TOWNSHIP. 


553 


Soon  after  locating  on  Little  Pine  creek  Mr.  Norris  leased  a  building  in  which 
he  established  a  female  seminary,  he  and  his  wife  serving  as  teachers.  "While  he  was 
thus  engaged  Benjanoin  Wistar  Morris  appears  to  have  persuaded  him  to  undertake 
the  work  of  promoting  the  settlement  of  the  lands  in  and  around  "Wellsboro,  and  as 
an  inducement  to  do  so  deeded  to  him  300  acres  of  land  adjoining  "Morris'  Mills" 
tract.  Norris  purchased  of  Morris  another  tract  of  100  acres  near  the  site  of 
Stokesdale  Junction,  and  thus  became  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  township. 
Removing  within  a  short  time  to  neax  Wellsboro,  he  acquired  prominence  as  a  citizen 
and  a  public  official 

David  Henry,  whose  name  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1813  as  a  "single 
freeman,"  settled  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township.  James  Dickinson, 
whose  name  appears  on  the  assessment  list  for  1816,  settled  about  three  miles 
southwest  of  Wellsboro.  John  M.  and  David  Kilbum  located  between  Wellsboro 
and  Stokesdale  about  1815.  Mordecai  M.  Jackson,  who  was  a  brother-in-law  of 
John  Norris,  and  came  with  him,  was  a  miller  in  Samuel  W.  Fisher's  mill.  Daniel 
Harvey  Bacon,  a  prominent  and  well-known  pioneer,  settled  with  his  family  on 
Marsh  creek,  on  330  acres  near  the  Shippen  township  line,  in  1815. 

William  Bberenz,  a  native  of  Germany,  came  in  1817  and  settled  about  three 
miles  southeast  of  Wellsboro.  Edmund  Wetherbee  settled  between  1816  and  1818 
in  the  Eberenz  neighborhood.  Allen  Butler,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  father  of 
the  late  Eev.  Selden  Butler,  of  Deerfield  township,  a  prominent  Pree  Baptist  min- 
ister, settled  in  1817  near  Stony  Pork.  William  Stratton,  an  early  court  crier, 
located  near  Wellsboro  before  1818.  Zenas  Pield,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  came 
from  Vermont  inl817,  and  took  up  154  acres  of  land  southwest  of  Wellsboro.  John 
Borden,  who  came  about  the  same  time,  settled  in  the  Stony  Fork  neighborhood. 
John  Daily,  who  came  about  1818,  located  south  of  the  borough,  near  the  Charleston 
line.  Eobert  Francis,  who  was  here  in  1819,  settled  southwest  of  Wellsboro  near 
Stony  Fork.  John  Allen,  Jonathan  Austin,  Smith  Ainsworth,  and  Benjamin  ■ 
Borden,  who  were  all  here  in  1830,  settled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Stony  Fork. 
Frederick  Hiltbold,  also  here  in  this  year,  settled  in  the  Marsh  creek  valley,  where 
his  descendants  still  reside.  Levi  Hardy,  John  MeCowan,  Samuel  Parrish  and 
William  Warriner  all  settled  southwest  of  Wellsboro.  Elijah  Wedge  settled  on  the 
site  of  Stokesdale  between  1818  and  1830,  resided  there  for  a  number  of  years 
and  then  removed  to  Mies  Valley.  Amos  Coolidge,  who  came  about  1819,  settled 
south  of  Wellsboro,  in  what  is  known  as  Coolidge  Hollow. 

The  names  given  are  those  of  the  principal  settlers  up  to  1830.  During  the 
next  decade  the  township  filled  up  rapidly,  farms  being  cleared,  roads  opened  and 
mills  and  other  enterprises  established.  The  principal  settlements  were  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Stony  Pork,  the  vicinity  of  Wellsboro,  and  at  Stokesdale  Junction, 
where  the  earliest  mills  were  established.  Year  by  year  the  township  increased  in 
population,  there  being  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  area  of  .cleared  land,  until 
to-day  it  abounds  in  well-tilled  fields  and  is  dotted  with  farm  houses,  schools  and 
churches  all  evidencing  the  presence  of  a  thrifty  and  prosperous  people. 

MANUFACTUKING    ENTEEPEISES. 

The  pioneer  enterprises  of  the  township  were  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  erected 
by  Samuel  W.  Fisher,  of  Philadelphia,  on  Marsh  creek,  below  Wellsboro.     These 


354,  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

mills  are  mentioned  in  an  advertisement  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  in  November, 
1806,  and  were  erected  in  order  to  grind  the  grain  of  the  settlers  in  and  around 
Wellsboro  and  provide  them  with  lumber  needful  in  building  their  homes.  Mordecai 
M.  Jackson  had  charge  of  the  grist-mill  as  early  as  1816.  In  1819  John  Norris 
became  the  owner  of  these  mills  and  ran  them  until  1827,  when  the  saw-mill  ceased 
to  be  operated  "in  consequence  of  decay."  About  1830  Norris  sold  the  grist-mill  to 
Mordecai  M.  Jackson,  who  had  filled  the  position  of  miller  under  himself  and  Samuel 
W.  Fisher.  He  rebuilt  the  saw-mill  and  carried  on  both  enterprises  until  1847,  when 
he  sold  the  grist-mill,  then  the  only  one  running,  to  John  Dickinson.  In  1856 
Mr.  Dickinson  added  a  saw-mill,  and  both  mills  were  operated  by  him  until  1880, 
when  they  were  abandoned  and  a  steam  grist-mill  erected  in  Wellsboro,  near  the 
railway  station,  by  himself  and  Alanson  Spencer,  who  had  been  his  miller  for  twenty- 
four  years.  This  mill  is  now  owned  and  operated  by  Mr.  Spencer.  The  old  grist-mill, 
which  may  still  be  seen  near  the  railroad,  on  Marsh  creek,  below  the  borough, 
though  often  repaired,  is  the  building  erected  by  Samuel  W.  Fisher  more  than 
ninety  years  ago,  and  is  probably  the  oldest  building  in  the  county.  It  is  certainly 
the  oldest  landmark  in  Delmar  township,  and  unless  torn  down  or  burned  bids  fair 
to  round  out  a  century  before  falling  into  entire  decay. 

About  1818  Samuel  W.  Morris  erected  a  large  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill  on 
Marsh  creek,  near  the  site  of  Stokesdale  Junction.  Mordecai  Moore,  whose  name 
appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1812,  had  charge  of  the  grist-mill,  the  saw-mill 
being  in  charge  of  George  March.  The  site  of  these  mills  was  then  known  as  "The 
Marsh,"  and  the  settlers,  many  of  whom  were  sufferers  from  chills  and  fever, 
attributed  the  prevalence  of  these  malarial  diseases  to  Mr.  Morris'  mill  pond.  About 
1828  a  number  of  them,  from  the  Crooked  creek  neighborhood,  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship, as  well  as  from  the  vicinity  of  the  mill,  disguised  themselves  as  Indians,  made 
a  raid  on  the  dam  and  tore  it  away.  The  remains  of  this  old  dam  are  still  visible, 
and  it  is  frequently  alluded  to  as  a  "beaver  dam,"  by  those  unacquainted  with  its 
origin  and  history.  After  the  raid  of  the  "Creek  Indians,"  as  they  styled  themselves, 
Mr.  Morris  made  no  further  attempt  to  operate  the  mills. 

In  1823  William  Iloadley  erected  a  grist-mill  at  Stony  Fol-k,  which  he  operated 
until  1834.  Samuel  Parrish  erected  a  saw-mill  at  Stony  Fork  in  1825,  which  was 
run  by  himself  and  Zenas  Parrish  until  1833.  In  1826  David  Kilbum  erected  a 
distillery  near  Stokesdale,  which  he  appears  to  have  operated  about  three  years.  In 
1830  or  1831  Allen  Butler  and  Simeon  Houghton  erected  a  saw-mill  near  Stony  Fork. 
It  was  run  until  1841,  Wellman  Butler,  Pharas  Houghton,  Jeremiah  D.  Houghton 
and  Oliver  Bacon  being  interested  in  it  at  different  times.  In  1841  William  Eberenz 
erected  a  saw-mill  on  a  branch  of  Stony  Fork,  about  three  miles  southwest  of  Wells- 
boro, which  he  operated  for  nearly  forty  years.  In  1832  Archibald  Nichols  &  Com- 
pany erected  a  saw-mill  at  Round  Island,  on  Pine  creek.  Within  a  year  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  Wilcox,  Gates  &  Company,  and  afterwards  had  various  owners.  Among 
other  early  mill  owners  and  operators  were  George  Kress,  who  operated  a  saw-mUl 
on  Marsh  creek  near  Stokesdale;  Aaron  Niles,  Eeuben  Herrington,  Russell  Hewitt, 
Edwin  Royce  and  Scoville  &  Osgood,  who  erected  a  mill  on  Pine  creek,  above  Round 
Island. 


DELMAE    TOWNSHIP.  355 


SCHOOLS. 

The  first  schools  were  established  in  Wellsboro,  which  early  became  the  educa- 
tional center  of  the  county.  As  the  township  was  settled  subscription  schools  were 
started  and  were  maintained  until  the  going  into  effect  of  the  public  school  law  of 
1835,  after  which  public  school  districts  were  established  and  school  buildings  erected 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  children  of  the  various  districts.  Among  the  early 
teachers  were  Beadle  Skull,  Eobert  Campbell,  Lyman  Walbridge,  Erastus  P.  Deane 
and  Israel  Stone.  There  are  now  thirty-one  schools  in  the  township  in  which  thirty- 
two  teachers  are  employed,  and  school  is  taught  on  an  average  of  seven  months  in 
the  year. 

CHURCHES    AND    CEMETEEIES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Delmar  originated  in  a  conference  held  April  15, 
1837,in  the  Butler  school  house.  Those  participating  were  Samuel  Parrish, Elizabeth 
Parrish,  Cornelius  Putnam,  Cynderilla  Putnam,  Joseph  Butler,  Olive  Butler,  Thomas 
Horton,  Anna  Horton,  Isaac  C.  Horton,  Eosanna  Horton  and  Susan  Horton.  Cove- 
nant meetings  were  thereafter  held  monthly.  Among  those  added  by  letter  or 
baptism  were:  Nelson  Field,  James  Campbell,  Emma  M.  Campbell,  Abigail  Horton, 
Sally  Ann  Horton,  Lucinda  Field,  Mary  Field,  Elizabeth  Wilcox,  Simon  Wilcox, 
Caroline  CatHn,  Melissa  McCluie,  Harriet  Hildreth,  Lucy  Ann  Hildreth  and  Susan 
Lawton.  The  foregoing,  except  Olive  Butler,  who  joined  the  Mormons,  became  mem- 
bers of  the  church,  which  was  formally  organized  March  7, 1838.  Several  ministers  of 
the  gospel,  among  them  Eev.  Sidney  Smith,  had  preached  in  this  place  occasionally 
before  the  organization  of  the  conference.  Soon  after  its  organization  Eev.  B.  E. 
Swick  came  frequently  from  Hector,  New  York,  preaching  and  performing  pastoral 
duties.  The  names  of  the  regular  pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  Ethan  A.  Hadley, 
1840-41;  Abijah  Sherwood,  1841-44;  Comfort  M.  Beebe,  1845-50;  Abijah  Sherwood, 
1851-54;  Myron  Eockwell,  1854-58;  Levi  Stone,  1858-60;  James  Van  Patten,  1861- 
62;  Myron  Eockwell,  1863-64;  Philander  Eeynolds,  1864-65;  Alexander  Smith,  1867; 
William  A.  Smith,  1868-69;  G.  W.  Eemington,  1870-73;  Philander  Eeynolds, 
1872-75;  James  A.  Boyce,  1875-85;  A.  B.  Browe,  1887-88;  Fisher  Wilson,  1889; 
D.  L.  Lappeus,  1890;  J.  T.  Bradford,  1893-94,  and  Philander  Eeynolds,  1895-96. 
A  house  of  worship  was  erected  and  occupied  in  1845,  but  was  not  completed 
and  dedicated  until  1851.  It  was  used  until  1894,  when  a  new  church  was  built  one 
mile  further  south  at  Stony  Fork.  A  parsonage  lot  was  purchased  and  a  parsonage 
erected  in  the  early  history  of  the  church.  It  was  afterwards  sold  and  the  present 
parsonage  built  in  1878.  The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  125.  A 
Sunday-school  has  been  maintained  almost  from  the  beginning  of  the  church's 
history.     It  now  numbers  sixty-eight  pupils.     Wilbur  F.  West  is  the  superintendent. 

Marsh  Greek  Baptist  Church  was  organized  December  3,  1880,  and  was  the  out- 
growth of  a  revival  held  by  Eevs.  Alfred  Ward  and  James  A.  Boyce  in  the  Kennedy 
Eim  school  house.  The  names  of  the  original  members  are  as  follows:  Manuel 
Skelton,  George  W.  Mason,  Charles  Sanders,  Charles  McCaslin,  Jay  Munson,  M.  P. 
Kelsey,  Charles  Hart,  Daniel  Barrett,  Thomas  Hunt,  Alfred  Ward,  Edward  Mason, 
Sarah   Skelton,  Charlotte  Mason,  Mrs.  Charles    Sanders,  Mrs.  Charles   McCaslin, 


356  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Nettie  Barrett,  Martha  Kelsey,  Phoebe  Eolles,  Esther  Barrett,  Helen  Hunt,  Emma 
Campbell,  Clara  Paine,  Caroline  Holiday,  Lois  Beeman,  Eleanor  Travor,  Anna 
Hunt,  Clara  J.  Sanders.  The  pastors  of  this  church  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs. 
James  A.  Boyce,  1881;  Alfred  Ward,  1882-83;  S.  P.  Mathews,  1884-85;  no  pastor, 
1886-90;  E.  B.  Cornell,  1891;  J.  L.  Williams,  1893-94;  B.  M.  Posten,  1895,  and 
W.  E.  Braisted,  1896.  In  1894  the  society  dedicated  a  neat  frame  house  of  worship 
costing  $1,000.  It  is  pleasantly  located  near  the  mouth  of  Heise  run.  This  church 
now  numbers  twenty-seven  members.  There  are  sixty-six  pu.pils  in  the  Sunday- 
school  of  which  Mrs.  E.  L.  Beeman  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Delmar  Free  Baptist  Church  was  originally  organized  during  the  thirties  as 
the  Stony  Pork  Free  Will  Baptist  church.  After  flourishing  for  a  time  it  went  down 
and  was  revived  in  1843.  Some  years  afterward  another  church,  known  as  the  Middle 
Eidge  Pree  Will  Baptist  church,  was  organized,  and  continued  in  existence  until 
about  1874,  when  it  merged  with  the  church  at  Stony  Pork,  which  then  took  its 
present  name.  A  charter  was  applied  for  and  the  society  incorporated  September 
15,  1875.  In  1876  the  present  house  of  worship  at  Draper  was  completed  at  a  cost 
of  $2,200.  Among  the  early  ministers  of  this  church  were  Elder  Gowner,  Calvin 
Dodge  and  Selden  Butler.  Since  1866  the  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs. 
Jacob  Ingerick,  1866;  Nathaniel  Hart,  1868;  David  A.  Pope,  1869;  Asa  Dodge, 
1871;  0.  C.  Hills,  1874;  A.  G.  Downey,  1881;  George  Donnoker,  1883;  0.  C.  Hills, 
1885;  Hiram  Witcher,  1890.  Eev.  G.  IST.  White,  the  present  pastor,  took  charge 
in  1896,  the  pulpit  having  been  vacant  for  several  years  before  his  coming.  The 
church  now  numbers  twenty-seven  members,  with  thirty  pupils  in  the  Sunday- 
school,  of  which  Mrs.  Mary  Lawton  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Delmar  and  Shippen-  Free  Baptist  Church  was  organized  April  1, 1894,  with 
the  following  members:  Elihu  J.  Dartt,  Amelia  Dartt,  Stephen  E.  Campbell,  Henry 
Darling,  P.  0.  Darling,  George  Scranton,  Eebecca  Scranton,  Walter  Scranton, 
Samuel  Scranton,  W.  M.  AVilson  and  Ida  Wilson.  The  pastor  since  the  organization 
has  been  Eev.  0.  C.  Hills.  The  church  now  numbers  forty-eight  members.  There 
are  seventy  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school  of  which  0.  J.  Navil  is  the  superintendent. 
In  1895  the  society  erected  a  frame  house  of  worship,  costing  $1,500,  in  the  Kennedy 
postoflB.ce  neighborhood. 

The  Coolidge  Hollow  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class 
organized  over  forty  years  ago.  Among  the  early  members  were  Amos  Coolidge 
and  wife,  Charles  Coolidge  and  wife,  Wesley  Coolidge  and  wife,  Joshua  Peet  and 
wife,  Lyman  Meachan  and  wife,  and  William  Coolidge  and  wife.  Meetings  were 
held  in  the  school  house,  the  society  being  in  the  Wellsboro  charge  until  1886,  when 
it  was  placed  in  the  Eound  Top  charge.  In  November,  1892,  a  neat  church  building 
costing  $1,100  was  completed.  The  church  now  numbers  twenty-five  members. 
The  Sunday-school,  which  is  in  charge  of  Mrs.  E.  Watkins,  has  a  membership  of 
thirty-five  pupils. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Middle  Ridge  was  organized  in  1858, 
the  original  members  being  Elijah  Phillips  and  wife,  Philura  Phillips,  Jackson 
Kennedy  and  wife,  Oliver  Phillips  and  wife,  Alvah  Kennedy  and  wife  and  Henry 
Wilson  and  wife.  The  early  meetings  were  held  in  the  Kennedy  school  house. 
The  church  was  first  placed  in  the  Wellsboro  and  in  1876  in  the  Delmar  charge, 


DELMAB    TOWNSHIP.  357 


and  is  now  in  the  Ansonia  charge.  The  following  named  ministers  have  served 
this  church  as  pastors  since  1871:  Eevs.  0.  P.  Livingstone,  1871-74;  J.  D.  Reyna, 
1874-75;  A.  A.  Kennedy,  1875-76;  E.  D.  Eawson,  1877-78;  P.  M.  Jerolman,  1878- 
80;  A.  G.  Cole,  1880-81;  E.  W.  Earned,  1882-83;  J.  E.  Eussell,  1883-84;  G.  H. 
AUatt,  1884-85;  W.  H.  Ferrell,  1885-86;  C.  D.  Rowley,  1886-87;  A.  T.  Percy, 
1887-93;  J.  S.  Fausey,  1893-95,  and  Eev.  G.  W.  Doane,  the  present  pastor,  who  took 
charge  in  October,  1895.  This  church  was  incorporated  in  1881  and  a  church 
building  erected  in  the  Kennedy  postoffice  neighborhood.  It  now  numbers  about 
thirty  members  and  maintains  a  Sunday-school  of  fifty-five  pupils,  of  which  C.  C. 
Maynard  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Dexter  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1864.  Meetings 
were  held  in  the  school  house  and  with  the  Middle  Eidge  church  until  1894,  when 
the  present  house  of  worship  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  Previous  to  1876  this 
church  was  in  the  "Wellsboro  charge,  since  which  time  it  has  been  in  the  Delmar 
and  Ansonia  charges  and  has  been  served  by  the  same  pastors  as  the  church  at 
Middle  Eidge.  The  present  membership  is  fifty-six,  with  eighty  pupils  in  the 
Sunday-school,  which  is  in  charge  of  Mrs.  George  B.  Mathers.  There  is  also  an 
Epworth  League  of  eighty  members. 

Cemeteries  and  graveyards,  owing  to  its  extensive  area,  are  to  be  found  in  various 
parts  of  the  township.  One  of  the  oldest  is  the  graveyard  adjoining  the  old 
Baptist  church  building  at  Stony  Pork.  The  new  cemetery,  a  few  rods  south,  was 
incorporated  May  4,  1886.  The  only  incorporated  cemetery  in  the  township  beside 
the  one  at  Stony  Pork  is  the  West  Branch  Cemetery.  It  was  incorporated  ISTovember 
37,  1883.  The  people  of  that  portion  of  the  township  adjacent  to  Wellsboro  bury 
their  dead  in  the  cemeteries  in  that  place. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOi'FICES. 

Stony  Forh  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township,  in  the  Stony  Fork 
creek  valley.  The  first  store  was  opened  here  over  forty  years  ago  by  Ebenezer 
Sherwood,  whose  successors  were  Peter  G.  Walker,  Guernsey  &  Borden,  Hiram  S. 
Hastings,  J.  S.  Coles,  M.  S.  Coles  &  Company,  and  J.  W.  Hastings.  In  1869  W.  F. 
Horton  opened  a  drug  store  and  has  continued  in  business  to  the  present.  In  1885 
James  A.  Boyce  erected  the  building  now  occupied  by  Dort  Brothers,  and  conducted 
a  general  store  in  it  until  the  fall  of  1886,  having  for  a  partner  Eobert  Steele,  to 
whom  he  sold.  In  1890  Mr.  Steele  sold  to  Oren  A.  and  William  J.  Dort.  M.  S. 
Coles,  who  carries  on  a  general  store  and  hotel  in  the  northern  part  of  the  village, 
erected  the  building  now  occupied  by  him   in  1883. 

The  village  proper  was  laid  out  about  thirty-five  years  ago  by  J.  S.  Coles,  who 
bought  the  land,  previously  used  as  a  farm,  from  Leonard  Palmer.  He  divided  it 
into  lots  and  sold  them  to  whoever  desired  them,  either  for  business  or  residence 
purposes.  A  postoffice  had,  however,  been  established  previous  to  the  purchase 
of  this  land  by  Mr.  Coles,  the  first  postmaster  being  Hiram  S.  Hastings.  His  suc- 
cessors have  been  J.  S.  Coles,  Elizabeth  Hoadley,  Charles  Orr,  W.  F.  Horton, 
Sylvester  Houghton,  M.  S.  Coles,  C.  S.  Houghton,  Oren  A.  Dort  and  W.  D.  Allen, 
the  present  incumbent,  who  was  appointed  October  1,  1895.  A  daily  stage 
conveys  the  mail  to  and  from  Wellsboro. 


358  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

After  J.  S.  Coles  purchased  the  village  site  he  erected  a  hotel  building  and 
carried  on  a  hotel  for  a  number  of  years.  Among  those  who  succeeded  him  as 
landlord  were  George  W.  West,  Charles  Walker  and  Edward  Campbell.  The 
present  hotel  building  was  erected  in  1883  by  M.  S.  Coles,  who  carries  on  a  general 
store  in  the  same  building. 

About  1865  John  S.  Fitch  located  in  the  village  and  began  the  practice  of 
medicine,  remaining  until  1870.  The  profession  is  now  represented  by  Dr.  J.  M. 
Gentry,  who  is  the  only  physician  in  the  township.  He  located  in  Stony  Fork  in 
June,  1884,  and  has  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 

The  Stony  Fork  Creamery  Association  was  incorporated  May  4,  1886,  the 
directors  being  John  W.  Hastings,  George  Hildreth,  James  Vandegriff,  W.  S.  Boat- 
man and  Julius  Dort.  This  creamery  has  been  in  operation  to  the  present  time 
and  has  done  much  to  make  Stony  Fork  a  dairying  center.  It  is  run  on  the  co- 
operative plan.     A  feed  mill  and  planing  mill  is  operated  by  J.  W.  Bartle. 

A  number  of  secret  societies  have  their  meeting  place  in  the  village.  Stony 
Fork  Lodge,  No.  564,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  in  August,  1886,  with  thirty-two 
members.  The  present  membership  is  113.  This  lodge  owns  a  large  and  well- 
furnished  hall  buildiiig  adjoining  the  old  hotel  property.  Marinda  Lodge,  D.  of 
E.,  organized  in  1890,  also  meets  in  this  hall,  as  does  Stony  Fork  Castle,  No.  33, 
K.  G.  E.,  organized  with  over  thirty  charter  members.  The  present  membership 
exceeds  100.  Stony  Fork  Grange,  No.  1,033,  P.  of  H.,  was  chartered  July  1,  1891. 
It  owns  a  hall  building,  originally  erected  for  a  store,  which  was  purchased  in 
the  spring  of  1894  for  $1,000.     This  grange  is  strong  and  prosperous. 

Stokesdale  is  the  name  of  a  village,  situated  on  Marsh  creek,  a  mile  and  a  half 
north  of  Wellsboro.  The  first  settler  here  was  Elijah  Wedge,  who  located  on  the 
village  site  in  1830,  resided  there  a  number  of  years,  and  then  removed  to  Niles 
Valley.  The  village  owes  its  existence  to  the  establishment  of  the  present  tannery, 
in  1871,  by  Bailey,  Lowell  &  Company.  This  firm  consisted  of  John  W.  Bailey, 
F.  K.  Wright,  0.  B.  Lowell  and  Edward  G.  SchiefPelin.  Wright  and  Schieffelin 
were  the  managers.  In  1880  Wright  and  Bailey  sold  out  to  James  H.  Humphrey, 
of  New  York,  and  the  firm  became  SchiefEelin  &  Company.  On  October  17,  1883, 
the  Wellsboro  Leather  Company  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $300,000,  the 
stock  being  owned  as  follows:  George  H.  Danforth,  New  York,  $99,000;  Edward  G. 
SchiefPelin,  Wellsboro,  $100,000,  and  M.  F.  Elliott,  Wellsboro,  $1,000.  The  com- 
pany became  the  owner  of  the  Stokesdale  tannery  property,  including  175  acres  of 
land  and  eighteen  dwelling  houses.  On  May  1,  1893,  the  control  of  the  property 
was  transferred  to  the  Union  Tanning  Company,  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Leather  Company,  which  operates  a  number  of  other  sole  leather  tanneries  in  the 
county.  This  tannery,  when  operated  to  its  full  capacity,  turns  out  800  sides  of 
sole  leather  a  day.  Edward  G.  SchiefEelin,  who  has  held  the  position  of  superin- 
tendent since  1891,  is  the  only  one  of  the  original  owners  now  connected  with  the 
enterprise.  D.  M.  Lounsbury,  the  foreman,  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  various 
owners  since  1875.  He  also  acts  as  station  agent.  A  store,  formerly  carried  on 
by  the  company,  is  now  run  by  J.  L.  Landrus  &  Company.  A  postofSce  was  estab- 
lished here  March  6,  1877.     Edward  G.  Schieffelin,  the  first  postmaster,  held  the 


DELMAE    TOWNSHIP. 


359 


office  until  January  19,  1893,  when  the   present  incumbent,  J.  L.  Landrus,  was 
appointed. 

Stokesdale  Junction,  situated  three  miles  north  of  Wellsboro,  at  the  "Big  Marsh," 
is  the  junction  of  the  Fall  Brook  and  Pine  Creek  railways.  The  station  was  estab- 
lished here  in  1883,  upon  the  completion  of  the  Pine  Creek  railway.  Trains  to  and 
from  "Wellsboro  connect  here  with  trains  to  and  from  Coming  and  Williamsport. 

Tiadaghton  is  the  name  of  a  railroad  station  in  the  Pine  Creek  valley,  on  the  Pine 
Creek  railway,  near  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  township.  A  postof&ce  was 
established  here  in  July,  1883,  the  first  postmaster  being  Stephen  Warriner.  His 
successors  have  been  B.  H.  Warriner,  F.  B.  Osborn,  H.  J.  Austin,  and  the  present 
incumbent,  Howard  P.  Beckwith,  who  was  appointed  in  March,  1896.  There  are 
two  stores  in  the  village;  the  general  store  kept  by  F.  B.  Field  &  Son,  and  a  grocery  ' 
store  carried  on  by  Howard  P.  Beckwith,  who  also  keeps  the  village  hotel.  A  large 
steam  saw-mill  is  operated  by  F.  B.  Field  &  Son.  The  Tiadaghton  and  Fahnastalk 
railroad  is  a  line  seven  miles  long  which  winds  its  way  up  the  mountain,  penetrating 
the  forests  in  Elk  township.  The  motive  power  is  Shaw-gear  engines,  built  especially 
for  heavy  grades. 

Kennedy  is  a  postoffice  situated  in  the  southwestern  part  -of  the  township,  near 
the  head  of  Campbell  run.  The  office  was  established  here  in  1881.  0.  J.  Navil, 
the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  August,  1894,  when  Delia  Gross  was 
appointed.  She  removed  to  Ansonia  and  was  succeeded  by  Nellie  Kennedy,  the 
present  incumbent.  This  is  the  meeting  place  of  Kennedy  Grange,  No.  903,  P.  of  H., 
which  owns  a  hall  building  here  and  has  a  large  membership. 

Olmsville  postoffice  was  established  in  1883,  at  the  home  of  S.  A.  Kilburn,  about 
four  and  a  half  miles  southwest  of  Stony  Fork.  He  held  the  office  until  June,  1896, 
when  J.  D.  Wilcox  was  appointed. 

Enapp  postoffice  is  situated  in  Broughton  Hollow,  on  Wilson  creek,  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  township.  Daniel  Knapp,  the  first  postmaster  here,  held  the  office 
until  his  death,  when  the  present  incumbent,  Miner  Benjamin,  was  appointed. 

Delmar  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  five  miles  southwest  of  Wellsboro.  The  office 
was  established  ten  years  ago.  S.  A.  Hampton  held  the  office  of  postmaster  until 
1890,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  D.  D.  Stubbs,  the  present  incumbent. 

Draper  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  on  Stony  Fork  creek  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
southwest  of  Stony  Fork.  The  postoffice  was  established  here  in  November,  1888. 
The  first  postmaster,  E.  B.  Carvey,  held  the  office  until  1889,  when  J.  N.  Warriner 
was  appointed.  In  February,  1895,  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  the  present 
incumbent,  Albert  Osbom.  A  store  was  opened  here  in  the  fifties  by  William  McNitt, 
and  was  afterwards  kept  by  Simon  Wilcox,  who  also  operated  a  steam  grist  mill  until 
it  was  destroyed  by  fire.     The  .present  store  was  opened  in  1893  by  J.  N.  Warriner. 

Balsam  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  situated  about  three  miles  southwest  of  Wells- 
boro, on  the  Stony  Fork  road.  The  office  was  established  in  May,  1895.  Lizzie 
Hakes,  the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  June  26,  1896,  when  G.  B.  Close,  the 
present  incumbent,  who  also  carries  on  a  general  store,  was  appointed.  A  cheese 
factory,  which  was  estabUshed  here  about  twenty  years  ago  by  A.  P.  Cone,  is  now 
operated  by  Field  &  Avery.     Middle  Eidge  Grange,  No.  385,  P.  of  H.,  one  of  the 


360  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

oldest  granges  in  the  county,  owns  a  two-story  hall  huilding  here  in  which  meetings 
are  held  regularly.  This  grange  is  one  of  the  strongest  in  the  county.  It  was  incor- 
porated April  18,  1881. 


CHAPTEE  XXIY. 

CHARLESTOK   TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Reductions  of  Area— Boundaries— Deainage— Physical  Char- 
ACTERisTics— Population— The  Pioneers— Mills  and  Other  Enterprises- 
Schools— Justices  OF  the  Peace— Churches— Cemeteries— Societies— Vil- 
lages AND  POSTOFFICES. 


CHAELESTON  township  was  organized  in  December,  1830,  and  was  taken  from 
Delmar.  It  originally  embraced  the  greater  portion  of  the  area  of  Duncan  town- 
ship, which  was  organized  in  December,  1873,  and  was  taken  from  it,  Delmar  and  Morris 
townships.  In  February,  1883,  all  that  portion  of  its  area  lying  east  of  Duncan  was 
added  to  Bloss  township.  It  is  now  about  iiye  and  one-third  miles  from  east  to  west, 
by  ten  and  one-third  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  contains  about  fifty-five  square 
miles.  Its  boundaries  are  Middlebury  on  the  north;  Eichmond,  Covington  and 
Bloss,  on  the  east;  Bloss  and  Duncan,  on  the  south,  and  Delmar  and  Wellsboro  on 
the  west. 

The  drainage  of  the  township  is  toward  all  points  of  the  compass,  the  streams 
having  their  sources  in  marshy  upland  areas — ^with  one  or  two  exceptions — ^near  the 
center  of  the  township.  Charleston  creek,  one  of  the  principal  streams, 
rises  in  Duncan  township,  pursues  a  winding  course,  first  toward  the  north- 
east and  then  toward  the  northwest,  through  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
township,  and  enters  "Wellsboro's  limits  north  of  the  State  road.  Its  valley 
is  traversed  by  the  Wellsboro  and  Antrim  railroad,  constructed  in  1872, 
Catlin  Hollow  run  rises  northeast  of  Cherry  Flats  and  pursues  a  northwest 
course  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  township,  when  it  passes  into  Middlebury 
township.  It  is  fed  by  a  number  of  small  branches.  Hill's  creek  rises  near  Whitney- 
ville  and  flows  north  into  Middlebury  township.  Elk  run  rises  near  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  township,  pursues  a  northerly  course  to  Cherry  Flats,  when  it  turns 
east  into  Covington  township.  Babb's  creek  rises  in  the  Welsh  settlement,  southwest 
of  Cherry  Flats,  and  flows  southeast  into  Duncan  township.  From  the  different 
courses  of  these  streams  it  will  be  seen  that  the  township  forms  a  watershed  between 
the  Tioga  river  on  the  east,  Babb's  creek  on  the  south.  Marsh  creek  on  the  west,  and 
Crooked  creek  on  the  north.  The  general  surface  is,  therefore,  considerably  elevated, 
tlie  average  of  the  uplands  being  1,600  to  1,800  feet  above  the  sea  level.    Though 


OHAELESTON    TOWNSHIP.  ^Ql 


mostly  upland,  the  township,  except  in  the  southern  part,  is  not  rough.  Much 
of  its  upland  area  is  comparatively  level,  and  the  slopes  into  the  valleys  gentle  enough 
to  permit  hill-top,  hill-side  and  valley  to  be  cultivated.  Many  of  the  finest  farms 
in  the  county  are  in  this  township,  which  has  enjoyed  a  constant  and  progressive 
growth.  In  1840  it  had  1,010  inhabitants;  in  1870,  2,014;  in  1880,  2,193,  and  in 
1890, 1,889.  The  falling  ofE  in  the  latter  year  was  due  to  the  loss  of  territory  added 
to  Bloss  township  in  1883. 

THE    PIONEERS. 

Isaiah  Washbume,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  into  the  county  before  1805 
and  cleared  the  land  that  now  forms  a  part  of  the  site  of  Cherry  Plats.  This  land  lies 
on  both  sides  of  the  line  between  Charleston  and  Covington  townships.  A  few  years 
later  he  sold  his  clearing  to  Levi  Elliott,  who  with  his  brother,  Nathaniel,  became 
early  settlers  on  the  village  site.  Timothy  Culver,  who,  it  is  said,  came  as  early  as 
1805,  settled  near  Cherry  Flats,  and  gave  it  its  name,  from  a  small  flat,  formiag  its 
site,  which  was  then  covered  by  a  thick  growth  of  cherry  trees.  Aaron  Gillett 
was  another  early  settler  on  the  village  site,  removing  from  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek, 
Tioga  township,  where  he  had  located  in  1798.  He  remained  at  Cherry  Flats  until 
1811,  when  he  removed  to  Eichmond  township  and  settled  permanently  at  Canoe 
Camp. 

Caleb  Austin,  who  came  about  1806,  located  on  what  is  now  the  county  poor 
farm,  near  where  the  State  road  crosses  the  western  line  of  the  township,  and  enters 
Wellsboro.  This  road  was  opened  from  Towanda,  Bradford  county,  via  Covington 
and  Cherry  Flats,  to  "Wellsboro,  ia  1808.  Its  completion  greatly  forwarded  the 
early  settlement  of  the  township. 

Peter  Shumway  came  from  Massachusetts  in  1805,  remained  a  year  near  Mans- 
field, and  then  settled  on  Shumway  Hill,  where  his  grandson,  W.  P.  Shumway,  still 
resides.  He  was  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  his  great-grandson,  Peter  E.  Shumway, 
of  "Wellsboro,  has  in  his  possession  a  discharge  signed  by  George  "Washington,  show- 
ing that  his  ancestor  was  a  "soldier  in  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  regiment,"  and  that 
he  "faithfully  served  the  United  States  six  years  and  three  months."  It  also  recites 
that  "the  above  Peter  Shumway  has  been  honored  by  the  Badge  of  Merit  for  six  years' 
faithful  service."    This  is  surely  a  priceless  heirloom. 

Israel  Greenleaf,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  came  at  the  same  time  as  Peter  Shum- 
way and  located  north  of  him.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Wellsboro  and  became 
an  early  hotel  keeper  there. 

Eoswell  Bailey,  a  native  of  Vermont,  came  into  the  county  about  1803  and 
located  in  Tioga  township.  About  1810  he  removed  to  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Dartt  settlement,  in  Charleston  township,  and  there  became  a  pioneer  settler.  Here 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering  until  his  death.  The  tombstone  over  his  grave 
in  the  Dartt  settlement  cemetery  bears  the  following  inscription: 

Rozel  Bailey, 

Killed  by  the  upsetting' 

Of  his  waggon, 

Oct.  34,  1840. 


362  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  hauling  heavy  castings  for  his  saw- 
mill. The  team  ran  away,  while  going  down  hill,  upsetting  the  wagon  and  crushing 
him  under  its  load.  His  sister,  Betsey,  came  into  the  county  with  him,  and  in  1813 
became  the  wife  of  Jonathan  Lawrence.  On  February  11,  1891,  being  then  a 
resident  of  Mansfield,  she  celebrated  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  her  birth, 
and  lived  nearly  a  year  longer. 

Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  a  son  of  Nathan  Niles,  a  pioneer  of  Tioga  township,  located 
on  the  State  road,  near  the  Delmar  line,  before  1810.  In  1811  Col.  Justus  Dartt, 
a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  a  colonel  in  the  Vermont  militia  after  the  Revolution, 
came  into  the  township  and  founded  what  is  still  known  as  the  Dartt  settlement. 
Thomas  Prentiss,  who  settled  near  Shumway  Hill,  and  Elijah  Starkweather,  who 
settled  at  the  foot  of  that  hill,  were  all  in  the  to\^Tiship  before  1813,  in  which  year 
Sylvester  Bailey  and  David  Greenleaf,  "single  freemen,"  were  residents  of  the 
township'. 

The  assessment  list  of  1816  for  Delmar  township,  which  then  embraced  Charles- 
ton, contains  the  names  of  the  following  taxables,  residing  within  the  limits  of  the 
latter  township:  Caleb  Austin,  Eoswell  Bailey,  Justus  Dartt,  Sr.,  Justus  Dartt,  Jr., 
David  Henry,  who  settled  on  the  State  road;  James  Henry,  James  J.  Porter,  who 
located  in  the  Dartt  settlement;  Andrew  Wetmore,  who  settled  on  Wefmore  Hill, 
near  the  Delmar  line,  and  Oliver  Willard,  who  located  on  the  State  road.  For  the 
year  1818  the  names  of  Calvin  Brown,  Daniel  Parker,  Leonard  and  John  Porter, 
Moses  Wheeler,  Asahel  "Wetmore  and  Sleeraan  Shumway  appear.  Jesse,  WiUiam 
and  Nelson  Catlin,  who  came  about  1818,  settled  northwest  of  the  Dartt  settlement 
on  Catlin  Hollow  rim.. 

In  1819  Joel  Culver  was  living  near  Cherry  Flats;  Gideon  Dewey  and  John 
Daily  in  the  Dartt  settlement;  Daniel  Dennison  in  Catlin  Hollow;  Orlando  Willard, 
Isaac  Wheeler  and  Calvin,  Eli  and  Benjamin  Gitchell,  on  the  State  road.  The  names 
of  Frederick  Hiltbold,  Thomas  Sampson,  who  settled  at  Cherry  Flats,  and  Vine 
Seagers,  who  settled  near  Shumway  Hill,  appear  on  the  list  of  1820. 

The  foregoing  embraces  the  names  of  the  principal  settlers  of  the  township  up 
to  its  organization.  Many  of  their  descendants  occupy  the  old  homesteads,  and  take 
high  rank  among  the  thrifty,  prosperous  and  intelligent  farmers  of  the  county. 

The  oldest  living  citizens  of  the  township  are  Holman  Morgan,  bom  November 
17,  1801,  and  Edward  Mclnroy,  bom  December  25,  1801.  Mr.  Mclnroy  has  resided 
in  Catlin  Hollow  since  1837,  and  Mr.  Morgan  has  been  a  resident  of  the  county  since 
1844.  He  now  resides  in  East  Charieston.  Miss  Hannah  A.  Wilson,  who  died  at 
her  home  in  the  township,  September  12,  1896,  was  bom  near  the  Young  school 
house  in  1814,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Wilson,  who  settled  there  about  1812. 

MILLS    AND    OTHER    ENTEEPHISES. 

The  pioneer  saw-mill  of  the  township  appears  to  have  been  the  one  erected  by 
Justus  Dartt,  between  1816  and  1818,  in  the  Dartt  settlement.  This  mill  was  built 
on  Catlin  Hollow  run,  and  was  operated  by  Mr.  Dartt  until  1829  or  1830.  About 
1819  Timothy  Culver  and  Oliver  Willard  established  a  carding  machine  near  Cherry 
Flats,  and  ran  it  two  or  three  years.     In  1830  or  1831  Elmer  Bacon,  father  of  Dr. 


CHAHLESTON    TOWNSHIP.  353 


M.  L.  Baeon,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Benjamin  Gitchell  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Charleston 
creek,  below  Eonnd  Top.  In  1837  Mr.  Bacon  became  sole  owner  and  operated  the 
mill  until  1846.  About  1831  Eoswell  Bailey  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Catlin  Hollow 
run  in  the  Dartt  settlement.  Mr.  Bailey  continued  as  a  lumberman  and  mill  operator 
until  his  death,  heretofore  referred  to,  October  24,  1840. 

In  1837  Dr.  Jacob  SchiefEelin  purchased  several  thousand  acres  of  land  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  township,  on  Hill's  creek.  Here  he  settled  in  1838,  and  in  1830  he 
erected  a  saw-mill,  which  he  ran  about  ten  years.  Prom  this  time  forward  mills  were 
established  rapidly  in  various  parts  of  the  township,  and  changes  of  ownership  were 
frequent.  Among  those  whose  names  appear  on  the  earlier  assessment  lists  of  the 
township  as  mill  owners  or  operators  were:  Philemon  Culver,  1831;  Watrous  Seely, 
1834;  Erastus  Smith,  1835-36:  Wilson  W.  Bailey,  1837;  K.  W.  Bailey,  1838-43; 
Asahel  Culver,  1837-39;  Joseph  Bacchus,  1840-50;  Eichard  I.  Moon,  1838-43; 
Erastus  Smith,  1840-47;  David  Smith,  1841-47;  George  Spratt,  1841-43;  James 
Borst,  1843-48;  William  Dennison,  1843;  Levi  Aaron  and  Levi  H.  Elliott,  1843-48; 
David  Morgan,  1843;  Chester  Partridge,  1843,  and  many  others,  among  whom  were 
Cyrus  Wright  and  Dexter  Catlin,  who  erected  a  mill  on  Catlin  Hollow  run  between 
1845  and  1850.  In  the  latter  year  it  was  owned  and  operated  by  Cyrus  Catlin. 
About  1849  or  1850  Philemon  Culver  erected  a  grist  mill  on  Charleston  creek,  near 
the  present  county  farm.  It  was  operated  by  him  for  a  number  of  years  and  subse- 
quently by  Eobert  Brundage,  Bailey  &  Wright,  Burtpn  Shrader  and  S.  L.  Herrington. 
It  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  1886,  and  was  not  rebuilt. 

These  early  saw-mills  and  their  successors  have  all  passed  away,  the  forests  which 
fed  them  having  been  cleared  off  years  ago,  and  the  land  on  which  they  stood  reduced 
to  cultivation.  The  transformation  was  wrought  slowly  but  effectively,  and  repre- 
sents, in  the  hundreds  of  attractive  homes  that  dot  the  hills  and  vales  of  the  township; 
the  highly  cultivated  farms  that  surround  them;  the  schools  and  churches  that  have 
been  established,  and  the  rural  villages  that  have  grown  up  with  the  passing  years, 
the  patient  industry  and  intelligent  effort  of  four  generations  of  an  earnest,  frugal 
and  hard-working  yeomanry. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  early  schools  of  Charleston,  like  those  of  other  townships  of  the  county, 
were  maintained  by  subscription,  and  before  the  settlers  were  numerous  enough  in 
any  one  neighborhood  to  erect  a  school  house,  were  taught  in  private  dwellings. 
The  earliest  schools  were  established  in  the  Dartt  settlement  and  at  Cherry  Flats, 
the  school  buildings  being  log  structures,  replaced  later  by  frame  buildings.  Perhaps 
no  other  township  in  the  county  has  paid  more  attention  to  education  or  can  boast 
better  public  school  buildings  than  Charleston.  Its  school  districts  are  small,  and 
the  pupils  have  shorter  distances  to  travel  than  in  other  townships.  Good  teachers — 
usually  graduates  of  the  State  ISTormal  school  at  Mansfield — are  employed,  and  fair 
salaries  paid.  There  are  at  present  twenty  schools  in  the  township,  in  which  school 
is  maintained  six  months  in  the  year. 

JUSTICES    OF    THE    PEACE. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  for  Charleston 
township;  Benajah  H.  Ives,  1835;  Jacob  Babb,  1836;  Chauncey  Alford,  1837;  David 


364  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Ellis,  1830;  Joseph  Aiken,  1833;  John  E.  Eay,  1833;  John  F.  Donaldson,  1834; 
Daniel  Holiday,  Jr.,  1835;  Simeon  Honghton,  1836;  Levi  I.  Nichols,  1836;  Alanson 
E.  Niles,  1840;  Carlisle  Atherton,  1840;  Joel  Culver,  1844;  Isaiah  Wilson,  1845;  John 
Gibson,  1850;  James  Kelly,  1851;  re-elected,  1856;  Holmaai  Morgan,  1856;  re-elected, 
1861, 1878, 1883  and  1888;  Charles  Close,  1861;  re-elected,  1866;  George  W.  Avery, 
1866;  Thomas  D.  Elliott,  1869;  D.  A.  Evans,  1871;  D.  P.  Benedict,  1873;  Ira 
Johnston,  1882;  William  E.  Jones,  1887;  re-elected,  1892  and  1897;  and  C.  H. 
Scouten,  1893. 

CHUHCHES. 

The  Charleston  Baptist  Church  was  at  first  a  branch  of  the  Middlebury  Baptist 
society  and  was  formed  as  such  August  26, 1843.  On  November  3, 1843,  a  conference 
to  organize  a  separate  church  met  and  the  church  was  formally  organized  April 
30,  1844,  with  the  following  named  members:  Almira  Catlin,  Mary  Wilkinson, 
Hannah  Tipple,  Lewis  Bacon,  Clarissa  Mudge,  Henry  Bailey,  Betsey  Bailey,  Isaac 
Wheeler,  Amy  Ann  Wheeler,  Matilda  Daxtt,  James  E.  Smith,  Emily  M.  Smith, 
Oliver  Elliott,  Clarissa  Dartt,  George  Dartt,  Calvin  P.  Butler,  Catherine  Madison, 
Lucy  Davis,  Eachel  Partridge,  Martha  Lewis,  David  Lewis,  Jane  Hart,  Maria  F. 
Marvin  and  Eobert  Burley.  At  the  time  this  church  was  organized,  Eev.  J.  T. 
Coffin  was  pastor  of  the  Middlebury  church,  and  the  new  church  fell  under  his  care. 
His  successors  have  been:  Eevs.  Samuel  Bullock,  Elder  Burman,  C.  Beebe,  1851; 
Levi  Stone,  1855-59;  J.  Ingerick,  1860-62;  P.  Eeynolds,  1863-65;  C.  A.  Stone, 
1867-68;  M.  Eockwell,  1873;  N.  L.  Eeynolds,  1875;  D.  T.  Van  Doren,  1877-81; 
V.  P.  Mather,  1882-84;  H.  M.  Wolf,  Jr.,  1886-88;  W.  H.  Porter,  1890-94; 
B.  M.  Posten,  1895-96,  and  Will  E.  Braisted,  who  took  charge  June  1,  1895. 
The  early  meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house.  About  1854  the  Baptists 
and  Methodists  joined  in  the  building  of  a  union  church,  in  the  Dartt  settlement 
and  also  in  Catlin  Hollow.  Within  the  past  twenty  years  the  Dartt  settlement 
church  has  become  the  property  of  the  Baptists  and  the  Catlin  Hollow  church  of  the 
Methodists.  The  Charleston  Baptist  Church  has  now  about  140  members.  A 
Sunday-school  with  a  total  membership  of  eighty  is  maintained,  of  which  Oris  Smith 
is  superintendent. 

The  Old  School  Baptist  Church,  the  pioneer  church  of  Cherry  Flats,  was  organ- 
ized sometime  during  the  forties  by  Elder  Eli  Gitchell,  who  preached  for  the  society 
over  twenty  years.  Among  the  original  members  were  Levi,  Oliver  and  Levi  H. 
Elliott,  Norman  Eockwell  and  members  of  the  Ely,  Wheeler  and  other  families. 
When  the  present  Baptist  church  building  was  erected  this  society  owned  a  one- 
fourth  interest  in  it,  and  held  services  every  fourth  Sunday.  After  a  few  years  their 
membership  began  to  be  absorbed  by  the  Eegular  Baptist  church  and  soon  dwindled 
away  until  the  society  passed  out  of  existence. 

The  Regular  Baptist  Church  of  Cherry  Flats  was  organized  June  3,  1854,  with 
the  following  membership:  Oliver  Elliott,  Isaac  Wheeler,  Amy  Ann  Wheeler,  Clarissa 
Mudge,  Jane  Hart,  William  West,  Caroline  A.  West,  C.  Whittemore,  Eachel  Whitte- 
more,  Edwin  Whittemore,  Julia  A. Whittemore,  Julia  A.  Macumber,  Eveline  S.  Cul- 
ver, Ann  Johnson,  Levi  Stone,  Juliana  Stone,  Albert  Stone,  Emma  A.  Stone,  Noah 
Wheeler,  Thomas  D.  Elliott,  Josephine  Gillett,  Mariah  Gillett,  Eachel  Davis,  Nancy 


CHAKLBSTON    TOWNSHIP.  365 


B.  Mudge,  Eliza  Wheeler,  Beluvia  Fenton,  May  Whittemorej  Alvira  Bacon,  Isaac  E. 
Eumsey,  Jacob  Johnson  and  Margaret  Keese.  The  names  of  the  pastors  who  have 
served  this  church  axe  as  follows:  llevs.  Levi  Stone,  1855-57;  M.  Eockwell,  1858-59; 
Philander  Eeynolds,  1862-65;  C.  A.  Stone,  1867-69;  M.  Eockwell,  1873;  F.  Purvis, 
1874;  D.  T.  Van  Doren,  1877-81;  V.  P.  Mather,  1883-84;  H.  M.  Wolf,  Jr.,  1886-88; 
W.  H.  Porter,  1890-93;  James  Jones,  1893-95;  T.  C.  Davis,  1895-96.  This  church  has 
no  pastor  at  present.  A  frame  church  building  was  erected  in  1855,  during  the 
pastorate  of  Eev.  Levi  Stone.  It  is  still  in  use,  having  been  kept  in  good  repair.  The 
church  now  numbers  seventy-three  members.  There  are  sixty-two  pupils  in  the 
Sunday-school,  the  superintendent  of  which  is  Mrs.  Emma  Bowen.  P.  P.  Bliss, 
afterwards  famous  as  a  singer  and  an  evangelist,  became  a  member  of  this  church 
September  8,  1855. 

The  Regular  Baptist  Church  of  East  Charleston  was  organized  in  1862.  It  was 
admitted  to  the  Tioga  Baptist  Association  in  1867  and  incorporated  June  1,  1867. 
The  following  names  were  signed  to  the  petition:  Eev.  C.  A.  Stone,  pastor;  Chester 
Partridge  and  D.  P.  Benedict,  deacons;  Thomas  D.  Elliott,  L.  H.  Bobbins,  Jeremiah 
Dockstader,  John  J.  Niel  and  Charles  D.  Ferry.  Mr.  Stone  continued  as  pastor  until 
1870,  when  for  three  years  there  was  no  pastor.  Mr.  Eockwell  was  pastor  in  1873, 
after  which  time  the  church  seems  to  have  died  out. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Catlin  Hollow  was  organized  about 
1850.  Among  the  early  members  were  Cyrus  Catlin  and  wife,  Joel  Catlin  and  wife, 
Edward  Mclnroy  and  Dexter  Catlin  and  wife.  On  September  15, 18  54,  the  "Methodist 
and  Baptist  Union  House,  Catlin  Hollow,  Charleston  township,"  was  incorporated, 
the  incorporators  being  Henry  Bailey,  president;  Dexter  P.  Catlin,  secretary;  Edward 
Mclnjoy,  treasurer,  and  Cyrus  Catlin  and  Joel  Catlin,  wardens.  The  incorporators 
erected  a  house  of  worship  in  Catlin  Hollow,  which  was  used  by  the  Methodists  and 
Baptists  up  to  about  1880,  when  the  building  and  grounds  became  the  property  of  the 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Catlin  Hollow,  which  was  incorporated  May  14, 
1881,  the  incorporators  being  George  Borden,  Wesley  Saxbury  and  James  Boyce. 
The  building  was  then  thoroughly  repaired  and  refurnished.  This  church  was  for 
a  number  of  years  in  the  Wellsboro  charge,  and  between  1855  and  1860  in  the 
Charleston  charge,  and  has  since  been  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  church  in  East 
Charleston.  It  has  a  large  membership  and  maintains  a  well  attended  Sunday- 
school. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Charleston  was  the  outgrowth  of  a 
class,  the  early  members  of  which  belonged  to  the  church  in  Catlin  Hollow.  The 
society  was  incorporated  February  13,  1857,  the  incorporators  being  Chauncey 
Dartt,  Joseph  Wilcox,  Marcus  Benedict,  Harvey  Adams  and  Alonzo  Whitney.  This 
church  was  constituted  a  separate  charge  before  1860,  since  which  year  it  has  been 
served  by  the  following  pastors:  Eevs.  E.  L.  Stillwell,  1861;  C.  L.  F.  Howe,  1863; 
J.  Shaw,  1863;  C.  Weeks,  1864-66;  W.  Statham,  1867;  G.  S.  Transue,  1871-73;  H.  C. 
Moyer,  1874;  G.  W.  Howland,  1875-76;  J.  V.  Lowell,  1877  ;  M.  S.  Kymer,  1878-79; 
Charles  K  Patterson,  1881-83;  G.  W.  Howland,  1883-84;  A.  G.  Cole,  1885-86;  H.  J. 
Owen,  1887-1888;  A.  W.  Decker,  1889-91;  P.  A.  Peterson,  1892-95,  and  Eev.  W.  L. 
Clough,  the  present  pastor,  who  came  in  1896.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  school 
house  and  in  the  Union  church  in  the  Dartt  settlement  until  1877,  when  the  present 


366  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


house  of  worship  was  erected.  The  pastors  of  this  chiirch  also  serve  the  churches 
in  Catlin  Hollow  and  Cherry  Flats. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Round  Top  was  organized  in  1863.  Up  to 
1886  it  was  in  the  Wellsboro  charge  and  was  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  Wellsboro 
church.  In  1886  it  was  made  a  separate  charge  and  the  pulpit  supplied  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  presiding  elder  until  1892,  when  Eev.  L.  A.  Davis  became  pastor.  He 
served  until  October,  1895,  when  Eev.  Cornelius  Dillenbeck,  the  present  pastor,  took 
charge.  The  early  meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house  on  Shumway  Hill  and 
later  in  Coolidge  Hollow.  In  1891  a  neat  frame  church  building  was  erected,  costing 
$3,000.  The  church  now  numbers  ninety-five  members.  A  Sunday-school  of  118 
pupils  is  maintained.  In  the  summer  of  1896  a  parsonage,  costing  $700,  was 
purchased. 

Mt.  Zion  Wesley  an  Methodist  Church  was  organized  about  1846,  the  early  meet- 
ings being  held  in  school  houses.  In  1861  a  church  building  costing  $1,000  was 
erected  at  Eound  Top.  Among  the  ministers  who  have  served  this  church  have  been 
Eevs.  Mr.  Chapman,  Stephen  A.  Leonard,  Francis  Strang,  Elijah  Peak,  Seth.  Clark,. 
John  Haverly,  "Warren  Whitmore,  Holman  Morgan  and  Samuel  Mills.  The  present 
pastor  is  Eev.  Caradoc  Jones,  who  is  also  the  pastor  at  the  county  poor  house.  This 
church  maintains  a  good  Sunday-school. 

The  Welsh  Congregation  and  Society  of  Charleston  was  organized  in  1840.  An 
application  for  a  charter  was  filed  in  the  court  of  quarter  sessions,  Wellsboro,  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1849,  but  the  charter  was  not  granted  until  November  15,  1856.  The 
original  petitioners  were  David  W.  Eees,  David  Edwards,  William  Bowen,  David 
Morris  and  John  Morris.  A  small  chapel  was  erected  about  1850  and  used  as  a  place 
of  worship  until  1867,  when  a  church  building,  costing  $1,500,  was  erected  on  the 
farm  of  David  Bowen.  Among  the  ministers  who  served  this  church  as  pastors  were 
the  following:  Eevs.  John  Davis,  Eichard  Jones,  Evan  Davis,  Philip  Peregrine.  J.  F. 
Calkins,  Henry  Harris,  F.  Tilo  Evans,  James  Evans,  Abram  Jones  and  Caradock: 
Jones,  who  took  charge  in  November,  1895.  The  present  membership  of  the  church 
is  fifty,  with  about  the  same  number  in  the  Sunday-school,  which  is  in  charge  of 
Fred  Evans,  superintendent. 

The  First  Christian  Church  of  Charleston  was  incorporated  in  1872,  the  fol- 
lowing named  persons  being  the  charter  trustees:  Joel  Culver,  Alonzo  Kimball, 
Ephriam  Hart,  Alanson  Thompson  and  Jeremiah  Klock.  A  church  building- 
was  erected  on  the  State  road,  a  short  distance  east  of  the  county  farm.  Services, 
were  maintained  regularly  for  several  years.  Lately,  however,  the  society  has  so 
decreased  in  membership  that  no  pastor  has  been  employed,  and  no  services  held.. 
A  Sunday-school  is,  however,  still  maintained. 

CEMETEKIES. 

The  cemeteries  of  Charleston,  owing  to  its  large  area,  are  numerous.  Most  of 
them  were  originally  family  graveyards  which  later  became  places  of  public  burial. 
Among  the  earliest  of  these  may  be  mentioned  the  cemetery  adjoining  the  Baptist 
church  at  Cherry  Flats,  where  members  of  the  Elliott  and  other  early  families  lie 
buried;  the  old  graveyard  on  the  Caleb  Austin  place,  now  a  part  of  the  county  farm;- 
the  old  burial  ground  in  the  Dartt  settlement,  and  the  cemetery  near  the  Methodist. 


CHAELESTON    TOWNSHIP.  357 


Episcopal  cliiirch.  in  Catlin  Hollow.  The  incorporated  cemeteries  are  the  Shumway 
Hill  cemetery,  the  East  Charleston  cemetery  and  the  new  cemetery  in  the  Dartt 
settlement.  The  first  was  incorporated  December  13,  1868;  the  second  August  18, 
1876,  and  the  last  April  11,  1881. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  secret  and  benevolent  societies  of  the  township  are  confined  to  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry  and  the  Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  the  different  lodges  of  which  have 
large  memberships  and  are  well  attended.  Charleston  Valley  Grange,  No.  54,  P.  of 
H.,  is  one  of  the  oldest  granges  in  the  county.  It  was  organized  December  20, 1873, 
and  now  numbers  116  members.  It  meets  at  Eound  Top,  in  a  hall  building  erected 
for  its  use  in  1886-87  by  a  stock  company.  Aurora  Grange,  No.  874,  P.  of  H.,  was 
organized  March  8, 1889.  It  meets  in  the  Packard  building  at  Cherry  Flats,  and  has 
nearly  sixty  members.  Union  Grange,  No.  1107,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  March  6, 
1891,  with  thirty-four  members.  In  1893  it  erected  a  hall  building  in  Catlin  Hollow, 
at  a  cost  of  $800.  It  is  prosperous  and  its  membership  is  rapidly  increasing.  East 
Charleston  Tent,  No.  88,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  November  17,  1893.  It  now 
has  about  fifty  members  and  meets  in  the  hall  over  Waldo  Spear's  store  in  East 
Charleston,  which  is  also  the  meeting  place  of  East  Charleston  Hive,  No.  88, 
L.  0.  T.  M.  Catlin  Hollow  Tent,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  wa^  organized  March  7,  1896,  with 
eighteen  members.    It  meets  in  the  Grange  hall  in  Catlin  Hollow. 

TILLAGES    AND    POSTOFFICES. 

Cherry  Flats  is  situated  on  the  State  road,  near  the  headwaters  of  Elk  run,  and 
was  named  by  Timothy  Culver,  from  a  small  flat  forming  part  of  its  site,  once 
covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  wild  cherry.  The  line  dividing  Charleston  from 
Covington  township  runs  through  it  from  north  to  south,  a  few  feet  east  of  A.  J. 
Eichards'  store.  The  early  settlement  of  the  place  has  already  been  given.  A  post- 
office  was  established  here  about  1845.  Norman  Eockwell,  the  first  postmaster,  held 
the  office  until  1856,  when  Col.  N.  A.  Elliott  was  appointed.  His  successors  have 
been  Abraham  Johnson,  Irving  Harkness,  G.  S.  Parsons,  L.  M.  Eose,  appointed  in 
September,  1889;  Albert  F.  Packard,  April,  1893,  and  John  C.  Secor,  the  present 
incumbent,  July  33,  1893.  A  daily  mail  is  received  by  stage  from  Wellsboro.  The 
first  merchant  was  Oliver  Elliott,  who  opened  a  general  store  in  1850,  and  continued 
in  business  until  1868,  when  he  removed  to  Mansfield.  The  second  store  was  opened 
in  1850  by  Col.  N.  A.  Elliott.  Simeon  P.  Utter,  William  Adams,  Norman  Eockwell, 
J.  W.  Elliott  and  G.  S.  Parsons  were  among  the  earlier  merchants.  There  are  now 
two  general  stores  in  the  place,  one  of  which  is  kept  by  A.  F.  Packard  and  the  other 
by  A.  J.  Eichards.  Col.  N.  A.  Elliott  opened  a  hotel  in  1851.  In  1858  he  sold  it  to 
Christopher  Williams,  who  kept  it  until  it  burned  down  in  1861.  It  has  had  no 
successor.  There  are  three  churches  in  the  village.  The  Baptist  church,  which  is 
the  oldest,  is  in  Charleston  township;  the  Methodist  Episcopal  and  the  Second 
Adventist  across  the  line  in  Covington.  The  Cherry  Plats  Cheese  Factory  was 
established  in  May,  1893,  by  F.  E.  Zimmer,  of  East  Charleston.  Its  patrons  are 
residents  of  the  eastern  part  of  Charleston  and  western  part  of  Covington  townships. 
The  average  annual  output  is  70,000  pounds. 


363'  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Whitneyville,  or  East  Charleston  postof6.ee,  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  the  township,  within  a  mile  of  the  Eichmond  township  line.  One  of  the  earhest 
settlers  here  was  Asa  G.  Churchill,  whose  name  with  that  of  John  Churchill  appears 
on  the  assessment  list  of  1823.  The  name  of  Lemuel  Churchill  appears  two  years 
later.  Tyrus  Eice,  another  early  settler  in  this  neighborhood  appears  on  the  assess- 
ment list  of  1838.  The  village,  however,  owes  its  existence  to,  and  takes  its  name 
from,  Alonzo  Whitney  and  Capt.  Nelson  Whitney,  who  settled  on  its  site  in  1848. 
The  father  pursued  farming  until  his  death.  May  1,  1881.  The  son,  Capt.  Nelson 
Whitney,  devoted  himself  to  farming  until  1858,  when  he  opened  a  general  store, 
and  soon  did  a  business  of  about  $20,000  a  year.  He  also  became  interested  in  the 
East  Charleston  Cheese  Factory  and  other  enterprises.  Among  those  who  have 
succeeded  him  as  merchants  in  the  village  have  been  Holman  Morgan,  John  Kohler, 
and  others.  Waldo  Spear,  the  present  merchant,  has  been  in  business  since  1883.  A 
postoffice  was  established  here  about  forty  years  ago,  the  first  postmaster  being 
Alonzo  Whitney.  Among  his  successors  have  been  Elias  Tipple,  Miss  Carrie  Stone 
and  Waldo  Spear,  the  present  incumbent,  who  came  in  1883.  A  daily  mail  is  received 
by  stage  from  Mansfield.  A  carding  machine  and  steam  saw-mill  were  established 
over  thirty  years  ago  by  Alonzo  Whitney,  and  are  now  operated  by  Capt.  Nelson 
Whitney. 

The  East  Charleston  Cheese  Factory  was  established  in  1863  by  a  stock  company. 
It  has  been  operated  for  several  years  past  by  F.  E.  Zimmer,  who  also  operates 
factories  in  Cherry  Flats  and  Canoe  Camp. 

The  Dartt  Settlement  is  situated  on  Catlin  Hollow  run,  north  of  the  center 
of  the  township.  The  pioneer  settler  here  was  Col.  Justus  Dartt,  heretofore  men- 
tioned. He  was  the  first  postmaster  of  the  ofiice  which  was  established  there  nearly 
three-quarters  of  a  century  ago.  He  continued  to  hold  the  oifice  until  his  death. 
His  successors  have  been  Cyrus  Dartt,  John  W.  Bailey,  James  -G.  Dartt  and  C.  B. 
Bean,  the  present  incumbent.  Mr.  James  G.  Dartt,  who  held  the  ofiice  for  many 
years,  received  a  check  for  three  cents,  being  the  balance  due  him  by  the  government 
upon  final  settlement.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the  smallest  check  ever  cashed  in  the 
county.  The  first  school  in  the  township  was  taught,  and  the  first  saw-mill  erected 
in  the  township  was  built  here.  The  Union  church,  erected  here  about  1857  by  the 
Methodist  and  Baptists,  was  one  of  the  first  houses  of  worship  in  the  township. 
It  is  now  owned  by  the  Baptists.  In  the  old  cemetery  lie  the  remains  of  Col.  Justus 
Dartt  and  Eoswell  Bailey,  as  well  as  of  other  early  settlers. 

The  Welsh  Settlement  is  the  name  given  to  a  section  of  the  township  southwest 
of  Cherry  Flats,  in  which  a  number  of  Welshmen  and  their  families  settled  between 
1840  and  1850.  The  earlier  ones  to  locate  were  Thomas  Evans,  Lewis  Lewis,  Miles 
Harris,  David  G.  Edwards,  David  Morris,  Bees  Morris,  David  Eeese,  John  Jones  and 
John  E.  Jones.  Soon  after  coming  they  established  a  church  in  which  worship 
has  been  regularly  maintained  to  the  present  time.  The  members  of  this  settlement 
enjoy  a  reputation  for  industry,  thjiift  and  honesty,  and  are  among  the  most  pros- 
perous and  successful  tillers  of  the  soil  in  the  township. 

Round  Top  is  the  name  of  a  village  on  Charleston  creek  in  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  township.  It  derives  its  name  from  the  peculiar  shape  of  the  roof  of 
the  first  school  house,  which  was  known  as  the  "Bound  Top  School  House."    A 


MIDDLEBUKY   TOWNSHIP.  369 


postoffice  was  established  here  in  1873,  the  first  postmaster  being  Samuel  Morgan. 
His  successors  have  been  George  Eabb,  Charles  Close,  Mrs.  Jane  Close  and  E.  G. 
Close,  the  present  incumbent,  who  took  charge  November  39, 1889.  In  1873  Samuel 
Morgan  opened  the  first  store  in  the  village.  He  sold  it,  in  1873,  to  Charles  Close. 
After  Mr.  Close's  death,  in  1883,  his  widow  carried  on  the  business.  In  1888  her 
son,  E.  G.  Close,  became  proprietor.  The  Wellsboro  and  Antrim  railroad,  completed 
in  1873,  passes  through  the  village,  in  which  there  are  now  two  churches,  a  grange 
hall,  a  public  school  building  and  a  cheese  factory,  besides  a  number  of  private 
residences.  The  Eound  Top  Cheese  Factory  was  established  in  1865  by  a  stock 
company.  It  was  operated  by  Charles  Close  from  1870  until  his  death  in  1883, 
and  by  his  widow  until  1888,  since  which  time  it  has  been  run  by  E.  G.  Close.  It 
has  an  annual  output  of  60,000  pounds  of  cheese. 

Hill's  Greek  is  the  name  of  a  settlement  on  Hill's  creek  near  the  northern  line 
of  the  township.  The  pioneer  here  was  Dr.  Jacob  SchiefEelin.  In  1827  he  pur- 
chased a  large  body  of  land  in  this  section  of  the  township,  on  which  he  located  in 
1838.  In  1830  he  built  a  saw-mill  and  for  a  number  of  years  thereafter  was  a  lead- 
ing lumberman.  In  1863  Solomon  Bennett  and  Ira  ISTewhall  erected  a  steam  saw- 
mill here,  and  soon  afterward  sold  it  to  Luther  Bennett  and  George  P.  Card.  Among 
the  early  settlers  in  this  part  of  the  township  were  Chauncey  Perry,  Charles  Ferry, 
Sr.,  Chester  Partridge,  Tilden  Cruttenden,  Virgil  Sweet,  Marcus  Benedict,  John 
Sampson,  Capt.  William  Hill,  whose  name  the  creek  bears,  Thomas  Kelly,  James 
Eoach,  James  Abernathy  and  Elisha  Keeney. 


CHAPTER  XXY. 

MIDDLEBUKY  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Reduction  of  Area— Physical  Features-Streams— Population 
—Early  Settlers— Early  and  Later  Enterprises— Schools  and  Justices 
—Churches— Cemeteries— Societies— Villages. 


MIDDLEBUEY  township  was  created  in  September,  1833,  and  was  taken  from 
Delmar  and  Elkland  townships.  In  May,  1831,  a  strip  two  miles  wide  from 
east  to  west  was  taken  from  it  on  the  west  and  added  to  Chatham  township.  It  is 
situated  north  of  the  center  of  the  county,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Faxmington 
township;  on  the  east  by  Tioga  and  Eichmond  townships;  on  the  south  by  Charles- 
ton and  Delntar  townships,  and  on  the  west  by  Chatham  township,  and  contains 
about  forty-eight  square  miles.  The  township  is  rugged  and  mountainous.  The 
principal  stream  is  Crooked  creek,  which  enters  the  township  near  the  center  of  the 

24 


370  HISTORY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


western  boundary  line;  flows  southeast  to  Middlebury  Center,  and  there  takes  a 
northeast  course,  leaving  the  township  near  the  northeast  corner.  Its  branches 
are  Cumberland  creek,  formed  by  Norris  brook  and  Catlin  Hollow  run;  Hill's  creek, 
Stephen  House  run,  Losey  creek.  White  creek  and  Shingle  School  House  run.  The 
altitude  in  the  Crooked  creek  valley  ranges  from  about  1,100  feet  at  Hammond  to 
1,192  feet  at  Niles  Valley,  railroad  grade.  The  mountains  rise  to  an  altitude  of 
1,800  to  2,000  feet  above  sea  level.  Owing  to  the  numerous  creek  branches  and  to 
a  gradual  widening  of  the  Crooked  creelc  valley  as  it  approaches  the  Tioga  township 
line,  a  fair  proportion  of  the  area  of  the  township  is  tillable.  Its  alluvium  valley 
soils  are  very  fertile  and  are  especially  adapted  to  the  raising  of  tobacco,  large  quan- 
tities of  which  have  been  produced  during  recent  years.  Cereal  grains,  grasses  and 
orchard  fruits  are  also  produced.  The  farmers  of  the  township  are,  as  a  rule, 
prosperous.  The  township  has  had  a  steady  and  progressive  growth.  In  1840  there 
were  725  inhabitants;  in  1870,  1,500;  in  1880,  1,737,  and  in  1890,  1,658. 

BAKLY    SETTLERS. 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  determine  who  was  the  first  white  .person  to  settle 
within  the  present  boundaries  of  Middlebury  township.  The  honor  appears  to 
belong  to  Elisha  White,  whose  name  is  found  on  the  census  roll  of  1800,  and  who 
came  during  that  or  the  preceding  year.  He  was  a  native  of  New  England,  and 
settled  on  the  site  of  Holidaytown,  where  his  son,  Daniel  White,  bom  in  1815, — ^the 
oldest  living  person  born  in  the  township — still  resides.  Some  of  the  immediate 
descendants  of  the  old  pioneers  claim  that  Abner  Kelsey  settled  before  WTiite,  but 
the  absence  of  his  name  from  the  census  roll,  would  indicate  that  he  did  not  come 
until  later.  Kelsey  settled  just  below  Middlebury  Center,  on  Crooked  creek,  about 
where  A.  B.  A.  Briggs  now  resides.  Eoswell  Ives  settled  on  the  300  acres  adjoining 
Elisha  White  on  the  north.  John  Ives,  second,  between  Holidaytown  and  Middle- 
bury Center,  and  Jesse  Losey  on  Hill's  creek.  The  Loseys  and  the  Ives'  were 
pioneers  in  Tioga  township  and  borough,  and  are  mentioned  in  the  chapters  devoted 
to  them.  The  years  of  their  coming  into  Middlebury  cannot  be  definitely  ascer- 
tained, but  they  were  among  the  very  earliest  settlers.  Their  names  appear  on  the 
assessment  list  of  Delihar  township,  which  then  included  Middlebury,  for  1812. 

Eichard  Goodwin,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  settled  two  miles  below  Middle- 
bury Center  in  1807,  on  land  a  portion  of  which  is  now  owned  by  his  grandson, 
George  H.  Goodwin.  Thomas  Keeney ,  a  native  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  settled  in 
the  autumn  of  1815  just  above  Holidaytown.  Elijah  Wedge  came  into  the  county 
in  1815  and  located  at  Stokesdale,  but  a  few  years  later  removed  to  and  settled  at 
Niles  Valley.  John  Koe,  a  native  of  Vermont,  also  came  in  1815,  and  settled  on 
Crooked  creek.  Edsell  Mitchell,  a  native  of  Tioga  township,  and  reputed  to  be 
the  first  white  child  born  in  the  county,  came  in  1816,  and  settled  on  the  farm  below 
Holidaytown,  now  occupied  by  his  sons,  Thomas  E.  and  William  A.  Jacob  Hymes, 
another  early  settler  on  Crooked  creek,  was  in  the  township  in  1816.  John  Losinger 
came  about  1817  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  settler  on  the  site  of  the  village 
of  Mies  Valley,  where  he  was  operating  a  distillery  two  years  later.  Elpheus 
Button  and  James  Bryant  settled  about  1820,  in  which  year  Aaron  and  Erastus 
Niles  removed  from  Wellsboro  and  settled  at  Mies  Valley.     Aaron  purchased  the 


MIDDLEBUET    TOWNSHIP.  371 


Losinger  land,  the  latter  removing  to  the  next  place  south,  where  he  continued  the 
manufacture  of  whiskey.  In  1820,  also,  Solomon  Westbrook  settled  near  the  mouth 
of  Hill's  creek.  In  1833  George  Abbott  was  living  on  the  site  of  Keeneyville;  Isaac 
Losey  on  Losey  creek,  in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  having  settled  there  about 
1818-20;  Jacob  Kiphart  near  Keeneyville;  Israel  P.  Keeney  near  Holidaytown; 
James  Martin,  William  I.  Millard,  Jedediah  Millard  and  James  Maxwell  below 
Holidaytown;  Thomas  Boyes  near  the  Chatham  township  line;  Jesse  Streeter, 
David  Sloat  and  Cornelius  Saxbury  near  Keeneyville;  Amasa  Thompson  below 
Holidaytown,  and  Smith  and  Harry  Cornell  on  Crooked  creek  below  Holidaytown. 
In  1824  Sala  Cole,  a  native  of  "Windham,  Connecticut,  settled  on  the  old  Cole  home- 
stead near  Hammond,  and  Simon  Snyder  Chamberlain  on  Crooked  creek.  About 
1824  Archibald  Hazelett  settled  on  the  site  of  Middlebury  Center,  and  between  1825 
and  1830  Thomas  Leete  settled  on  Crooked  creek  near  Hammond.  In  1829  John 
"West,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  settled  on  the  farm  owned  and  occupied  by  the 
late  Nathan  T.  West  near  Middlebury  Center.  Sylvester  and  David  Beckwith,  who 
had  previously  located  in  Tioga,  settled  near  the  Tioga  township  line  on  Crooked 
creek.  Here  Sylvester  erected,  and  for  a  number  of  years  operated,  a  saw-mill. 
These  were  the  principal  settlers  up  to  1830.  The  farms  they  located  upon  were  con- 
fined mainly  to  the  Crooked  creek  valley.  Tioga  village  was  the  nearest  trading 
point  for  a  number  of  years.  Lumbering  was  the  principal  industry  until  the  farms 
began  to  be  cleared.  The  pioneers  passed  through  the  usual  experiences  and  endured 
all  the  hardships  of  frontier  life,  except  having  to  deal  with  a  savage  foe.  By 
patient  industry  they  laid  the  foundations  of  the  prosperity  now  enjoyed  by  their 
descendants,  besides  establishing  schools  and  churches,  and  doing  their  duty  toward 
the  upbuilding  of  the  county. 

BAELY    AND    LATEE    ENTEEPBISES. 

In  1820,  when  Aaron  Mies  came  into  the  township,  John  Losinger  had  a  small 
distillery  on  the  site  of  the  "Old  Eed  Store,"  at  Mies  Valley.  After  selling  his  land 
to  Mies,  he  removed  to  the  adjoining  place  on  the  south  and  there  resumed  dis- 
tilHng.  This  appears  to  have  been  the  pioneer  enterprise  in  the  township.  John 
and  Fred.  Losinger  afterwards  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Norris  brook.  It  was  run  by  an 
over-shot  water-wheel.  In  1854  it  gave  place  to  a  steam  saw-mill  erected  by  Solomon 
Bennett  and  John  M.  Eandall.  A  store  was  run  in  connection  with  this  mill.  The 
firm  afterwards  became  S.  Bennett  &  Son,  and  later  Bennett,  Diamond  &  Eandall.  A 
grist-mill  was  erected  in  1868.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1880.  The  saw-mill  was 
operated  until  1888.  Another  early  saw-mill  was  erected  on  Crooked  creek,  near 
the  Tioga  township  line,  by  Sylvester  Beckwith,  and  operated  by  him  for  a  number 
of  years.  The  first  grist-mill  in  the  township  was  built  on  Crooked  creek,  above 
Middlebury  Center,  by  Amasa  Thompson,  about  1830,  or,  perhaps,  earlier.  About 
1835  he  built  another  mill  above  the  mouth  of  Hill's  creek,  below  Holidaytown.  It 
was  run  by  himself  and  his  son,  Nathaniel  Thompson,  for  a  number  of  years. 
Nathaniel  Thompson  sold  it  to  T.  E.  Mitchell.  In  1885  William  T.  Compton 
secured  the  property  and  operated  the  mill  until  his  death  in  1890,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  Jesse  C.  Compton,  the  present  owner.  It  is  devoted  to  custom 
work,  and  is  known  as  the  "Central  Mills." 


372  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Elisha  White  built  a  saw-mill  at  Holidaytown  over  sixty  years  ago.  It  was 
afterwards  operated  by  Benjamin  Holiday,  until  about  1853.  Charles  and  George 
Herrington  built  a  grist-mill  on  Crooked  creek,  above  Middlebury  Center,  about 
1846.  It  was  burned  in  1848.  About  this  time  Joseph  Lyons  had  a  small  feed-null 
on  his  place  near  Mies  Valley.  About  1850  Arvine  Clarke  built  the  first  steam  saw- 
mill in  the  township,  on  Crooked  creek,  just  above  Hammond.  From  1853  to  1860 
Judge  Levi  I.  Nichols  and  his  son,  W.  A.  Nichols,  ran  a  steam  saw-mill  just  above 
Middlebury  Center.  In  1866  Henry  J.  ShafE  and  Newbury  Cloos,  Jr.,  built  a  saw- 
mill on  Losey  creek,  which  they  operated  until  1894. 

The  Niks  Valley  Tannery,  the  leading  manufacturing  enterprise  in  the  town- 
ship, was  established  in  the  summer  of  1871  by  0.  B.  Lowell  &  Company.  In  1884 
they  were  succeeded  by  L.  H.  Lappell  &  Company.  May  1,  1893,  the  property  was 
acquired  by  the  Union  Tanning  Company,  and  is  one  of  the  series  of  tanneries 
now  operated  by  them  in  the  county.  This  tannery  manufactures  what  is  known 
as  Union  Crop  sole  leather,  and  uses  about  4,000  tons  of  hemlock  and  oak  bark 
annually.  About  forty  men  are  employed.  James  H.  Orford  is  the  superintendent, 
and  S.  H.  Orford,  foreman.  The  store,  formerly  run  in  connection  with  the 
tannery,  is  now  carried  on  by  Thomas  Clarendon. 

The  Keeneyville  Cheese  Factory  was  built  in  1885  by  A.  J.  Smith,  who  ran  it  two 
years.  It  is  now  operated  by  A.  C.  Close.  This  factory  has  a  capacity  of  from  75,000 
to  100,000  pounds  of  cheese  annually. 

SCHOOLS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  first  school  in  the  township  was  taught  in  a  log  building,  which  stood  just 
south  of  Daniel  Holiday's  barn.  One  of  the  early  teachers  here  was  Calvin  Cowley, 
known  as  "Black  Hawk."  About  1837  Amanda  Hill,  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Hill, 
taught  a  school  in  Edsell  Mitchell's  barn.  A  school  house  was  afterwards  built 
across  the  road  from  Thomas  E.  Mitchell's  residence,  in  which  the  Baptist  church 
was  organized  in  1833.  This  building  was  used  for  about  twenty-five  years.  Among 
the  teachers  here  were  Charles  Churchill,  Henry  Warner,  Mary  Ann  Bentley,  Nancy 
Otterson,  Eowena  Porter,  John  Stevens  and  Chester  Dolph.  Schools  were  estab- 
lished at  an  early  day  also  at  Niles  Valley  and  Keeneyville.  In  June,  1889,  the  old 
school  house  at  Keeneyville  was  washed  away  by  the  great  flood  and  a  new  one,  cost- 
ing $1,000,  erected  on  higher  ground  to  replace  it.  Good  school  buildings  have  also 
been  erected  at  Hammond,  Holidaytown,  Middlebury  Center,  Niles  Valley  and 
other  places  in  the  township,  in  all  of  which  competent  teachers  are  employed,  and 
the  latest  and  best  methods  of  instruction  followed. 

The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  of  the  township  has  been  filled  since  its  organi- 
zation by  the  following  named  persons:  Jacob  Babb,  1836;  Eeuben  Cloos,  1827; 
Lucius  Barto,  1837;  Chauncey  Alford,  1837;  Martin  Bowen,  1831;  Samuel  Snow, 
1833;  Jesse  R.  Eay,  1833;  John  P.  Donaldson,  1834;  A.  M.  Compton,  1834; 
Daniel  Holiday,  1835;  re-elected,  1845,  1850,  1855, 1880,  1881;  Simeon  Houghton, 
1836;  Levi  I.  Nichols,  1836;  Stephen  Babeock,  1836;  John  C.  Whitaker,  1836; 
Richard  Ellison,  1839;  Sylvester  Beckwith,  1840;  Oliver  Briggs,  1840;  David 
Beckwith,  1845;  Benjamin  King,  1850;  Willis  B.  Daily,  1855;  George  D.  Keeney, 
1859;   re-elected,  1864,  1869,  1881,  1886,  1891;    Oliver  P.  MeClure,  1860;   A.  J. 


MIDDLEBUET    TOWNSHIP.  373 


Smith,  1870;  Thomas  Keeney,  1871;  William  C.  Stevens,  1874;  C.  J.  Smith,  1876; 
S.  I.  Hayes,  1886;  re-elected,  1891, 1896,  and  Lemuel  F.  Smart,  1896. 

CHUEOHES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Middlebury  is  one  of  the  oldest  Baptist  churches 
in  Tioga  county.    The  first  steps  toward  organizing  it  were  taken  at  a  meeting  held 
September  4,  1830,  of  which  Eev.  Samuel  Grinnell  was  moderator  and  Edsell 
Mitchell  clerk.     July  2,  1831,  a  meeting  was  held,  of  which  Elder  Grinnell  was 
moderator,  at  which  it  was  voted  to  invite  a  council  to  meet  on  the  third  Wednesday 
of  August,  1831;    This  council  met  August  17,  1831,  and  formally  organized  the 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Middlebury.     The  following  was  the  order  of  exercises: 
Prayer  of  recognition,  by  Elder  Elisha  Booth;   charge  to   the   church,   by  Elder 
Thomas  S.  Sheardown;   hand  of  fellowship,  given  by  Elder  Piatt.     September  10, 
1831,  Edsell  Mitchell  was  appointed  clerk,  and  Thomas  Keeney,  deacon.  The  names 
of  the  original  members,  as  nearly  as  they  can  be  ascertained,  were  Elder  Samuel 
Grinnell,  and  Eosanna,  his  wife;  Thomas  Keeney,  Edsell  Mitchell,  Nancy  Mitchell, 
Chauncey  Mann,  Jeremiah  Churchill,  Nathan  Abbott,  Simeon  Babcock,  Charles 
Orchard,  Michael  Cady,  Annette  Flood,  Katherine  Matson,  Martin  Flood,  Matthew 
Hymes,  Eachel  Stout,  Mary  Keeney,  Elizabeth  Churchill,  Sally  Cady,  Zilpha  Losey 
and  Patience  Churchill.    The  meetings  of  the  church  were  held  in  the  old  school 
house  on  the  Mitchell  place.     It  was  not,  however,  until  1890,  in  which  year  the 
church  was  incorporated,  during  the  pastorate  of  Eev.  Fisher  Wilson,  that  the  society 
succeeded  in  erecting  its  own  house  of  worship.    It  now  has  a  neat  frame  church 
building,  representing  an  outlay  of  $1,700.     A  Sunday-school  was  organized  May 
23,  1891,  with  a  membership  of  fifty,  of  which  V.  W.  Lewis  is  the  superintendent. 
The  church  now  has  about  sixty  members.     The  following  named  ministers  have 
served  as  pastors  since  its  organization:    Eevs.  Samuel  Grinnell,  1831-35;    W.  S. 
Smith,  1835-36;    J.  T.  Coffin,  1842-44;    Samuel  Bullock,  1845;    Elder  Burmaa, 
1847-48;   C.  Beebe,  1851-52;    Elder    Smith,    1855-57;   Levi    Stone,    1857;    Elder 
Marriott,  1858-59;   G.  P.  Watrous,  1863-65;  C.  A.  Stone,  1867-69;   C.  Beebe,  1870; 
C.  K.  Bunnell,  1871-72;    G.  P.  Watrous,  1873;   H.  E.  Ford,  1874-76;   D.  T.  Van 
Doren,  1877-79;  George  Crocker,  1882;  E.  K.  Hammond,  1883-84;  H.  M.  Wolf,  Jr., 
1886;   S.  Z.  Batten,  1887;   Fisher  Wilson,  1890-91;   W.  H.  Porter,  1892-94;    S.  P. 
Brundage,  1895-96;  A.  C.  Bennett,  1896-97.    The  first  prayer  meeting  in  the  town- 
ship was  held  at  the  house  of  Edsell  Mitchell.    He  was  also  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school  for  over  forty  years. 

The  Hammond  Regular  Baptist  Church  was  organized  at  Hammond,  July  31, 
1894,  with  thirty-four  members,  as  follows:  G.  L.  Cole  and  Frank  Pease,  deacons; 
A.  G.  Hammond,  clerk;  Emmer  H.  Steele,  treasurer;  S.  P.  Spaulding,  H.  L. 
Stevens,  Frank  Hammond,  C.  H.  Stevens,  and  Frank  McKinney,  trustees;  and 
Martha,  Amy,  Keith  and  Callie  Hammond,  Daisy  Hymes,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  E.  Farr, 
Jenny  Farr,  Lulu  Nichols,  C.  G.  Bailey,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  and  Mrs.  C.  Cutter,  Arthur 
Cutter,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  H.  Stevens,  Paul  and  Jenny  Stevens,  Mrs.  Frank  Pease, 
Morgan  Pease,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  DeGrote,  and  Caroline,  Emma  and  Louisa  Eoot. 
The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  W.  H.  Porter,  who  remained  one  year,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  S.  J.  Brundage.    A.  C.  Bennett,  the  present  pastor,  who  also  has  charge 


374  HISTOET    OF    TIOOA    COUNTY. 

of  the  churches  at  Tioga  and  Holidaytown,  came  in  the  autumn  of  1896.  A  neat 
house  of  worship  was  dedicated  February  31, 1895.  The  church  now  numbers  forty- 
seven  members.  There  are  fifty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Arthur  G. 
Hammond  is  the  superintendent.  A  Young  People's  Christian  Endeavor  Society, 
with  fifty  members,  was  organized  February  35,  1895.  It  is  composed  of  the  young 
people  of  the  church. 

The  Keeneyville  Free  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  1840  as  the  "Chatham 
and  Middlebury  Free  Will  Baptist  Church,"  and  was  composed  of  the  societies 
then  existing  in  Chatham  and  Middlebury  townships.  In  1846  each  society  took 
a  separate  name,  the  one  under  consideration,  being  known  as  "Middlebury  Free  Will 
Baptist  Church,"  until  June  3,  1895,  when  it  was  incorporated  as  the  "Keeneyville 
Free  Baptist  Church."  The  church  was  organized  in  Keeneyville  by  Elder  Jesse 
Bennett,  and  among  the  original  members  were  George  Abbott,  the  first  deacon,  and 
Linda,  his  wife;  Mrs.  Eeuben  Stevens,  Eachel  Slote,  Sarah  Carpenter,  Mrs.  Hods- 
kiss,  Peter  Huntsinger  and  Solomon  and  Sophronia  Huntsinger.  Nathan  West, 
who  joined  in  1844,  was  a  deacon  for  many  years.  About  1848  or  1849  the  place 
of  worship  was  removed  to  the  Losey  Creek  school  house,  where  the  society  held  ser- 
vices for  about  thirty  years,  and  then  returned  to  Keeneyville,  where  a  neat  church 
building,  costing  $1,300,  was  erected  in  1895.  Elder  Jesse  Bennett  was  the  first 
pastor;  Rev.  Selden  Butler  was  pastor  for  about  twentj^-five  years.  A.  G.  Downey 
served  from  1883  to  1885;  0.  C.  Hills  and  Wesley  Ingerick  each  one  year;  William 
Smith  and  wife  came  in  1890,  and  J.  C.  Warren,  the  present  pastor,  in  1894.  The 
church  now  numbers  twenty-four  members. 

The  Free  Baptist  Church  of  Holidaytown  was  organized  in  1888  by  Rev.  0.  J. 
Moon,  and  the  society  incorporated  September  3,  1889,  by  A.  J.  Dickinson,  A.  D. 
West,  C.  F.  Sweet,  George  H.  Rozell  and  Jacob  Doan.  It  now  numbers  ninety  mem- 
bers. The  names  of  the  pastors  are  as  follows:  0.  J.  Moon,  1888-89;  H.  M.  Abbey, 
1889;  R.  M.  Cloud,  1893-94;  J.  C.  Warren,  1895-96.  The  old  house  of  worship, 
erected  as  a  union  church  about  1858,  and  occupied  for  many  years  by  the  Regular 
Baptist  society,  was  purchased  at  sherifE's  sale  in  1889  and  is  now  the  property  of  the 
society. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Middlebury,  otherwise  known  as  the 
"Shingle  School  House  Church,"  was  organized  about  fifty  years  ago.  It  has  been 
in  the  Little  Marsh  and  Farmington  charges,  except  since  1893,  when  it  was  placed 
in  the  Keeneyville  charge.  Among  the  pastors  who  have  served  the  society  are  Revs. 
Purvis,  Ford,  Charles  Weeks,  J.  W.  Miller,  1881-84;  J.  C.  Stevens,  1884-86;  W. 
M.  DuBois,  1886-87;  A.  G.  Cole,  1887-93;  C.  R.  Morrow,  1893-93;  W.  R.  Kenyon, 
1893-94;  A.  Scrimshaw,  1894-95;  A.  T.  Percy,  1895-96,  and  Uri  Mulford,  1896-97. 
The  society  was  incorporated  July  7,  1884,  in  which  year  a  house  of  worship,  cost- 
ing $1,400,  was  erected. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Keeneyville,  incorporated  May  9,  1893,  was 
organized  as  the  Keeneyville  charge  in  1893.  Previous  to  that  time  it  had  been  in 
the  Little  Marsh  and  East  Charleston  charges,  and  was  served  by  the  pastors  ap- 
pointed to  those  charges.  The  present  society  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  organized 
a  number  of  years  ago.  Since  it  was  organized  as  a  separate  charge  the  pastors — who 
have  also  served  the  churches  at  the  Shingle  school  house  and  at  Mies  Valley — 


MIDDLEBUKY    TOWNSHIP.  375 


have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  W.  E.  Kenyon,  1893-94;  A.  Scrimshaw,  1894-95;  A.  T. 
Percy,  1895-96,  and  Uri  Mulford,  1896-97.  A  church  building  costing  $3,300 
was  erected  in  1892,  in  conjunction  with  Middlebury  Lodge,  No.  844,  I.  0.  0.  F. 
This  church  has  a  growing  membership. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Niles  Valley,  incorporated  October  1, 
1888,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  Methodist  class  organized  in  1863  or  1863.  Among  the 
original  members  were  Joseph  E.  Lyon — the  first  Methodist  in  the  valley — Abram 
Lyon,  Mary  Lyon  (wife  of  DeLong  Cutter),  Sarah  Lyon  (wife  of  Lorenzo  Cutter), 
Augustus  Lyon,  Lydia  Lyon  (wife  of  Orlando  Jones),  Mrs.  T.  Carpenter,  James  H. 
Niles  and  Emily,  his  wife,  and  John  Diamond.  The  meetings  were  held  in  the 
school  house.  In  1886-87  a  church  building,  costing  $1,300,  was  erected.  The  pas- 
tors since  the  erection  of  the  building  have  been  Eevs.  H.  J.  Owen,  1887-90;  A.  W. 
Decker,  1890-92;  F.  A.  Peterson,  1893-93;  W.  E.  Kenyon,  1893-94;  A.  Scrimshaw, 
1894-95;  A.  T.  Percy,  1895-96,  and  Uri  Mulford,  1896-97.  Previous  to  1893  this 
church  was  in  the  East  Charleston  charge.  It  is  now  in  the  Keeneyville  charge. 
There  are  nearly  fifty  members  in  the  church  and  forty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school, 
of  which  William  Manning  is  the  superintendent.  There  is  also  an  Epworth 
League  of  thirty-four  active  members. 

CEMETEHIES. 

The  Holiday  town  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated  February  5,  1875,  by 
Daniel  Holiday,  V.  B.  Holiday,  Daniel  White,  Samuel  H.  Hays  and  W.  W.  White, 
own  and  control  the  old  burying  ground  south  of  the  village  of  Holidaytown.  Here 
lies  buried  Jesse  Losey,  the  first  settler  on  the  site  of  the  borough  of  Tioga.  He 
died  March  13,  1844,  aged  85  years.  Here  rest  also  the  remains  of  the  members  of 
the  Ives,  West,  Wedge,  Archer,  Dickinson,  Holiday,  Keeney  and  other  early  fami- 
lies. There  is  another  burying  ground  on  the  side  hill  northwest  of  the  village,  in 
which  a  number  of  interments  have  been  made.  It  is  now  on  private  property,  and 
interments  have  ceased. 

The  Middlebury  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated  August  3,  1865,  own  a 
burial  ground  of  one  and  a  half  acres  at  Hammond.  The  incorporators  were:  Daniel 
G.,  Henry  A.,  Ezra  I.,  George  0.,  Martin  and  James  M.  Stevens,  A.  C.  and  Heber 
Cole,  J.  H.  Westbrook,  John  Starkey,  Chauncey  LaForce,  Cephas  Bailey,  A.  A. 
M.  Lane,  Calvin  Hammond,  George  Potter  and  William  Chase. 

The  Niles  Valley  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  April  38,  1881,  by 
Philander  Niles,  E.  M.  Niles,  J.  A.  Fletcher,  Abram  Lyon  and  Henry  Wedge.  The 
burial  ground  owned  by  this  association  is  situated  on  the  hillside  southeast  of  the 
village  of  Niles  Valley.  The  remains  of  many  of  the  early  settlers  of  Niles  Valley 
and  Middlebury  Center  are  buried  here. 

The  Keeneyville  Cemetery  is  situated  west  of  the  village  of  Keeneyville.  It  is 
neatly  fenced  and  well  kept,  and  is  the  resting  place  of  many  of  the  early  settlers 
at  Keeneyville  and  in  the  western  part  of  the  township.  There  is  also  an  old  neigh- 
boring burying  ground  on  Losey  creek,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township. 

The  Shingle  School  House  Cemetery,  near  the  Shingle  school  house,  north  of 
Keeneyville,  is  also  an  old  burying  ground.    It  is  not  incorporated. 

The  French  Hill  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  September  34,  1894,  by 


376-  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


A.  D.  ShafiE,  S.  J.  Eoe,  N.  T.  French,  P.  D.  Shaff,  John  Brown  and  James  Shaff. 
This  cemetery  is  situated  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township  at  what  is  known 
as  French  hill. 

SOCIETIES. 

Middlebury  Lodge,  No.  844,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  was  organized  June  37,  1873,  with 
nine  members.  It  now  has  160  members  and  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  lodges 
in  the  county.  In  1892,  in  connection  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of 
Keeneyville,  it  erected  a  building  costing  $3,300,  and  at  the  present  time  has  $5,000 
in  the  treasury.  Middlebury  Grange,  No.  705,  was  organized  May  14,  1874,  with  a 
large  membership,  and  was  incorporated  August  34, 1891.  It  now  has  a  membership 
of  135,  owns  a  fine  hall,  with  spacious  carriage  sheds  and  extensiye  grounds,  and 
is  prosperous.  Niles  Valley  Grange,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  in  1889.  It  meets  at 
Holidaytown  and  has  a  membership  of  seventy-five.  Keeneyville  Tent,  No.  167, 
K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  May  3,  1893.  For  the  past  two  years  it  has  been  the 
banner  tent  of  the  county  and  now  numbers  eighty-five  members.  Keeneyville  Hive, 
No.  77,  L.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  April  18, 1895,  and  contains  thirty-five  members. 

TILLAGES. 

Holidaytown,  or  Crooked  Greek  Postoffice,  is  situated  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
south  and  east  of  the  geographical  center  of  the  township,  on  Crooked  creek.  It  was 
named  Holidaytown  for  Daniel  Holiday,  who  has  resided  in  the  village  since  1832. 
The  first  settler  here  was  Elisha  "White,  who  came  in  1799  or  1800,  and  whose  son, 
Daniel  White,  bom  here  in  1815,  is  still  living,  his  present  residence  being  but  a  few 
rods  distant  from  the  site  of  the  old  cabin  in  which  he  was  born.  The  first  store  was 
kept  here  from  1830  to  1835  by  Daniel  Holiday,  who  built  a  tavern  in  1832,  which  he 
kept  until  1857.  It  was  burned  in  1861.  Another  building  was  erected  about  1870. 
I.  P.  Keeney  was  landlord  here  for  three  years,  and  was  succeeded  by  H.  P.  Holiday, 
who  closed  the  house  as  a  hotel  in  1893.  The  postoffice  was  established  in  1839. 
Thomas  Keeney  was  the  first  postmaster.  He  kept  the  office  where  his  son  Thomas 
now  resides.  His  successors  have  been  Benjamin  Holiday,  Edsell  Mitchell,  Ezra 
Potter,  S.  I.  Holiday,  John  E.  Eedington,  M.  P.  Kelsey,  I.  A.  Newhall,  E.  0.  "West- 
brook,  A.  J.  Smith,  M.  G.  "White,  T.  M.  Archer,  "W.  J.  Brown  and  H.  L.  Hays,  the 
present  incumbent.  Previous  to  S.  I.  Holiday's  appointment  the  office  was  kept  at 
the  home  of  the  postmaster.  Since  then  it  has  been  either  in  the  hotel  or  one  of 
the  stores.  The  present  merchants  are  H.  L.  Hays  and  M.  G.  "White,  each  of  whom 
keeps  a  general  store.  There  are  two  church  buildings — the  Baptist  and  the  Free 
Baptist  churches — and  a  public  school  building  in  the  village.  A  planing-mill, 
shingle-mill  and  wagon  shop  is  operated  by  George  Baker.  The  station  of  the  Fall 
Brook  Eailroad  Company  is  in  charge  of  Van  Buren  B.  Holiday,  who  has  filled  the 
position  since  the  opening  of  the  road  in  1873.  Dr.  James  L.  Beers,  the  resident 
physician,  located  here  in  1889,  and  has  built  up  a  lucrative  practice. 

Niles  Valley  is  situated  near  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  township.  It 
is  at  this  point  that  Norris  creek,  after  flowing  almost  due  east  out  of  Chatham 
township,  where  it  has  its  source,  turns  north.  At  the  tannery  it  unites  with  Catlin 
Hollow  run  to  form  Cumberland  creek,  which,  after  flowing  a  short  mile,  unites  with 


MIDDLEBUKT    TOWNSHIP.  377 


Crooked  creek  at  Middlebury  Center.  Just  south  of  Niles  Valley  is  the  Big  Marsh — 
the  watershed  of  the  valley.  In  times  of  high  water,  it  is  said,  the  water  iiows  from 
this  marsh  north  toward  Norris  brook  and  south  toward  Marsh  creek.  There  is  evi- 
dence goiug  to  show  that  this  stream  formerly  flowed  into  Crooked  creek  and  thence 
to  the  Tioga  river.  This  matter  is,  however,  more  fully  dealt  with  in  previous  chap- 
ters. It  is  said  that  Norris  brook  takes  its  name  from  a  Mr.  Norris,  who  was  the  first 
settler  on  the  site  of  Mies  VaUey.  It  is  more  than  probable,  however,  that  it  was 
named  for  John  Norris,  an  early  settler  on  the  Big  Marsh,  who,  in  1813,  was  ap- 
pointed prothonotary  and  recorder,  and  afterward  became  one  of  the  leading  men  of 
Wellsboro.  John  Losinger  is  usually  spoken  of  as  the  first  actual  settler  on  the  site 
of  the  village.  In  1830  when  Aaron  Niles  came  and  bought  his  land  he  had  a  small 
distillery  on  the  site  of  the  "Old  Eed  Store."  After  selling  his  land  to  Niles  he 
moved  south  to  the  adjoining  place  and  resumed  distilling.  In  1830,  Erastus  Niles, 
a  brother  of  Aaron,  and  David  Creenleaf  settled  on  the  village  site.  In  1853  there 
were  hving  in  and  around  the  village,  Aaron  Niles,  Erastus  Niles,  Philander  Niles, 
Joseph  E.  Lyon,  Samuel  "Wedge  and  John  Losinger.  A  postoffice  was  estabhshed 
in  1859,  with  Jerome  B.  Niles  as  postmaster.  The  ofiice  has  since  been  held  by  John 
Dimond,  John  Fletcher,  T.  D.  Eouse,  John  Fletcher  and  Stephen  Mclnroy,  who  was 
appointed  in  July,  1893.  The  first  store  in  the  village  was  opened  in  1868  by  John 
T.  Purvis,  and  conducted  by  him  until  1885,  when  he  retired  from  business.  The 
store  at  the  tannery  was  opened  in  1871,  and  is  now  carried  on  by  Thomas  Clarendon. 
Fletcher  &  "Wedge  conducted  a  general  store  for  several  years.  George  E.  Adams, 
who  has  been  in  business  six  years,  and  C.  A.  Stratton,  who  began  business  in  March, 
1894,  are  the  present  merchants.  The  Niles  Valley  tannery  and  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  are  dealt  with  elsewhere  in  this  chapter.  John  T.  Purvis,  who  was 
appointed  when  the  road  was  opened  in  1873,  is  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Company's 
station  agent.  The  Niles  Valley  Hotel  was  opened  in  1860  by  G.  "W.  Lloyd,  and 
kept  by  him  until  his  death  in  1870,  since  which  time  the  house  has  been  carried 
on  by  his  widow. 

Middlehury  Center,  known  for  many  years  as  "Potters,"  is  situated  south  of  the 
center  of  the  township,  at  the  junction  of  Cumberland  and  Crooked  creeks.  The 
first  settler  here  was  Archibald  Hazelett,  who  located  about  1834.  The  place  took 
the  name  of  "Potters"  from  Henry  H.  Potter,  who  came  in  1843,  and  who,  for  over 
thirty  years,  kept  hotel  on  the  west  side  of  the  toll  road.  His  sons,  A.  W.,  Benjamin 
and  G.  W.,  also  kept  this  hotel.  It  was  closed  in  1893,  and  has  since  been  used  as  a 
family  residence.  Before  Potter's  coming,  Taft  Aldrieh  and  William  T.  Compton 
kept  a  log  tavern  near  the  same  site.  In  1884  the  present  Starkey  House  was  built 
by  H.  M.  Lowell.  Its  landlords  have  been  H.  M.  Lowell,  "W.  W.  Finch,  "William 
Brown,  A.  M.  Hazelett  and  Henry  J.  Shaff,  each  of  whom  kept  it  one  year.  In  1889 
John  Starkey  bought  the  property.  The  buildings  burned  May  10,  1891.  The 
present  house  was  built  on  the  same  site  and  opened  in  the  fall  by  Mr.  Starkey,  who 
still  owns  it.  The  postoffice  was  established  in  1845,  the  first  postmaster  being 
Henry  H.  Potter,  who  kept  it  continuously  till  1877,  except  between  1857  and  1861, 
when  Henry  New,  the  toUgate  keeper  held  it.  Archibald  Hazelett  held  it  from  1877 
to  1881;  H.  M.  Lowell,  1881-85;  Frank  Starkey,  1885-93,  and  George  F.  Davis,  who 
was  appointed  in  September,  1893. 


378  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Keeneyville  is  situated  on  Crooked  creek,  in  the  western  part  of  tlie  township. 
It  was  named  in  honor  of  Elias  Keeney,  a  blacksmith,  who  settled  on  the  village  site 
previous  to  1835.  The  village  is  now  regarded  as  the  largest  and  most  important 
one  in  the  township,  notwithstanding  the  disadvantage  of  being  distant  several 
miles  from  the  railroad.  A  postoffiee  was  established  here  about  1856,  E.  P.  Wilson 
being  the  first  postmaster.  The  following  named  persons  have  since  held  the  office: 
Jesse  Keeney,  M.  W.  Staples,  A.  J.  Smith,  J.  C.  Eoe,  Levi  Beck,  E.  G.  Close  and 
Jared  Davis,  who  was  appointed  in  July,  1894.  The  first  store  was  started  before  the 
Civil  War  by  Charles  0.  Etz.  The  succeeding  merchants  were  Chase  &  Hymes, 
Silas  Staples,  Hugh  W.  Wellington,  Card,  Staples  &  Son,  Eichard  Keeney,  and  M.  C. 
Potter,  1864  to  1889.  In  February,  1896,  there  were  two  general  stores— Close 
Brothers,  and  A.  J.  &  M.  J.  Smith,  and  one  furniture  store,  kept  by  J.  W.  Eoe. 
The  first  hotel  in  the  village  was  opened  in  1860  by  E.  L.  Wilson.  His  successors 
were  W.  Stevens,  M.  C.  Potter,  John  Carl,  W.  H.  Wood  and  Gilbert  B.  Owlett.  Dr. 
J.  L.  Blatchley  also  kept  hotel  for  a  number  of  years.  The  names  of  the  physicians 
who  have  practiced  here  are:  Dr.  Leonard,  Dr.  Wiley,  Dr.  J.  L.  Blatchley,  who 
remained  over  twenty  years;  Dr.  Augustus  Niles,  who  removed  to  Wellsboro,  in 
1893,  after  having  practiced  fifteen  years,  and  Dr.  Luther  N.  Cloos,  who  read  medi- 
cine under  Dr.  Niles,  and  who  bought  his  residence  and  practice  in  1893.  The 
village  is  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  agricultural  section  and  has  grown  to  be  an  im- 
portant trading  point.  Its  churches  and  the  public  school  are  well  attended,  and  the 
different  secret  ajid  beneficiary  societies,  which  meet  in  the  village,  have  a  large 
membership  and  are  prosperous. 

Hammond  is  the  name  of  a  station  and  postoffiee  on  Crooked  creek,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  township.  The  postoffiee  was  established  here  in  1873,  since 
which  time  the  office  of  postmaster  has  been  filled  by  Alexander  McLean,  Frank 
Hammond,  D.  Carlton  and  W.  H.  Carlton,  the  present  incumbent,  who  was  ap- 
pointed in  March,  1893.  Mr.  Carlton  also  carries  on  a  general  store,  the  only  one 
in  the  place.    The  railroad  station  agent  is  J.  E.  DeGrote. 


CHAPTEE  XXVI. 

PAKMINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Area  and  Boundaries— Physical  Characteristics— Streams 
AND  Drainage— Population— Early  Settlers— Manufacturing  Enterprises 
—Schools  and  Justices— Churches— Cemeteries— Postoffices  and  Post- 
masters. 


FAEMINGTON  township  was  created  in  February,  IS 30,  and  was  taken  from 
Elkland  township.  It  is  nine  miles  in  length  from  east  to  west,  has  an  average 
width  of  four  miles  and  contains  about  thirty-six  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  boroughs  of  Osceola,  Elkland  and  Nelson,  and  a  part  of  the  township 
of  Lawrence;  on  the  east  by  Lawrence  and  Tioga  townships;  on  the  south  by  Middle- 
bury,  and  on  the  west  by  Chatham  and  Deerfield.  Lying  midway  between  the  Cowan- 
esque  river,  on  the  north,  and  Crooked  creek,  on  the  south,  this  township  forms 
a  part  of  the  watershed  between  the  two  streams.  Its  surface  is  rugged,  hills  and 
valleys  alternating.  With  but  few  exceptions,  however,  the  former  are  tillable  from 
base  to  summit,  and  at  least  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  area  of  the  township  is 
under  cultivation.  It  is  distinctively  an  agricultural  township  and  one  of  the  best 
in  the  county.  The  drainage  is  principally  toward  the  north  and  east.  Thorn  Bottom 
and  Cummirigs'  creeks,  which  rise  west  of  the  center  of  the  township,  flow  northeast 
into  Nelson  township.  The  valley  of  the  former,  on  account  of  its  picturesque 
beauty,  is  known  as  Pleasant  valley.  Elkhom  creek  rises  near  Farmington 
Hill  and  flows  southwest  into  Tioga  township,  uniting  with  Crooked  creek  at 
Tioga.  A  few  of  the  smaller  tributaries  of  Crooked  creek  rise  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  township  and  flow  south  into  Middlebury  township.  The  township  was 
heavily  timbered  when  first  settled.  This  has  been  cleared  away,  except  a  few 
acres  here  and  there.  The  pine  and  hemlock  has  been  manufactured  into  lumber. 
Owing  to  its  small  streams  the  township  has  not  had  many  saw-mills  within  its 
boundaries,  and  the  pine  and  hemlock  logs  have,  as  a  rule,  been  hauled  to  Osceola, 
Elkland,  Nelson,  Tioga  and  other  milling  points,  and  there  manufactured  into 
lumber. 

The  township  has  no  villages  and  it  is  claimed  for  it  that  there  has  never  been 
a  license  granted  to  sell  liquor  within  its  boundaries.  It  has  grown  slowly  but  pros- 
perously, and  is  in  many  respects  the  model  farming  township  of  the  county. 
In  1840  it  had  503  inhabitants;  1870,  997;  1880,  995,  and  1890,  907. 

EAKLT    SETTLERS. 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  determine  who  was  the  first  white  man  to  settle  within 
the  present  boundaries  of  Farmington  township,  or  to  definitely  fix  upon  the  year  of 
his  coming.  Lemuel  Cady,  a  carpenter  and  Joiner,  is  credited  with  locating  at  Osceola 
about  1810.    In  1813,  so  his  living  descendants  say,  he  went  into  Farmington  town- 


380  HISTORY    OP   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


ship,  and  bought  200  acres  of  land  near  what  is  now  known  as  the  Cady  school  house, 
but  his  name  does  not  appear  upon  the  assessment  rolls  of  Elkland  township,  from 
which  Parmington  was  taken,  until  1817.  In  1818  he  returned  to  Osceola  where 
he  remained  imtil  1823,  when  he  went  back  to  Farmington,  bought  a  tract  of  land 
near  his  former  location  and  became  a  permanent  resident.  He  worked  at  his  trade 
imtil  1839.  The  name  of  David  Bryant  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  Delmar 
township  for  1812,  the  territory  of  which  then  included  Farmington,  and  so  far  as 
can  now  be  learned,  he  appears  to  have  been  the  first  permanent  settler.  He  located 
on  the  State  road,  on  what  was  long  known  as  the  Bryant  homestead.  He  was  still 
a  resident  of  the  township  in  1831,  the  year  of  its  organization.  The  name  of 
David  C.  Bryant  makes  its  appearance  on  the  assessment  list  of  1819.  The  name 
was  spelled  "Briant"  by  the  assessors.  Tha  names  of  Ezra  Cummings  and  Chandler 
W.  Chamberlain,  both  residents  of  the  township  at  its  organization,  appear  on  the 
assessment  list  of  1823,  as  does  also  that  of  Jacob  Culnmings.  Martin  Bowen's 
name  is  on  the  assessment  list  of  1838.  In  this  year  also  appears  the  name  of  John 
McCallum.  His  descendants  say  he  was  the  fifth  settler  in  the  township.  The 
assessment  list  of  1829  contains  the  name  of  William  Gee,  whom  his  descendants 
say  came  in  1824.  Moses  Atwood  appears  to  have  settled  about  1829.  James  Cook 
came  in  1830  and  erected  a  saw-mill.  Peter  Moury  came  previous  to  1831,  as  did 
also  Asa  Moury.  It  has  been  stated  that  in  1828  there  were  but  four  log  cabins  in 
the  township,  and  that  in  1830,  when  the  first  election  was  held,  there  were  but 
eleven  voters.  If  this  be  true,  the  township  must  have  grown  rapidly  during  the  next 
year,  inasmuch  as  the  assessment  list  of  1831  shows  sixty-five  persons,  who  were 
assessed  as  owners  of  seated  lands  and  personal  property  within  its  boundaries. 
Among  the  more  prominent  of  these,  in  addition  to  those  already  named,  were  Ives 
Chamberlain,  Zebediah  Clark,  James  Works,  John  and  Daniel  Crippen,  Jacob 
Lichenthaler,  David  Cummings,  Job  Herrick,  Lockwood  G.  Hoyt,  Freeman  Place, 
Alva.  Cummings,  John  C.  Eobb,  Samuel  P.  Babcock,  Jonathan  Sobres,  Nathan 
Bottom,  Charles  Carr,  Eandall  Drake,  George  Stanley,  William  Perrigo,  Johnson 
Butts,  Henry  B.  Turk,  Harvey  Foster,  Hiram  Merritt,  Samuel  and  Daniel  Buckbee, 
and  Abner  Webster.  Descendants  of  most  of  these  pioneers  are  still  to  be  found 
in  the  township.  Like  the  early  settlers  in  other  townships  of  the  county,  they 
felled  the  forests,  cleared  the  lands  and  planted  homes  for  themselves  and  their 
descendants  and  lived  to  see  the  township  transformed  from  a  wilderness  to  a 
thrifty  and  prosperous  agricultural  community. 

MANTTFACTTJEING  ENTEHPEISES. 

James  Cook  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Elkhorn  creek  in  1831.  In  1838  he  was 
suceeded  as  owner  by  Ephanetus  Cook,  who  sold  to  Northrop  Young  in  1849,  who 
was  succeeded  in  1853  by  Lyman  Fisk.  This  mill  was  afterward  changed  to  a 
steam  mill  and  was  operated  until  1882,  being  owned  at  the  time  by  A.  J.  Fisk.  Peter 
Moury  operated  a  saw-mill  from  1844  to  1847.  These  appear  to  be  the  only  saw- 
mills erected  in  the  township. 

The  West  Farmington  Cheese  Factory,  located  near  the  Cady  school  house,  was 
erected  in  the  spring  of  1895.  It  is  owned  and  operated  by  E.  A.  Bean,  of  Knox- 
ville,  and  has  an  output  of  70,000  pounds  of  cheese  annually. 


FAKMINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


381 


SCHOOLS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  township  in  1836  and  was  located  in  what 
is  now  known  as  the  House  district.  Within  the  next  few  years  school  buildings 
were  erected  in  other  parts  of  the  township.  Although  the  public  school  law  went 
into  effect  in  1835,  the  schools  were  supported  by  subscription  until  1850.  Ten 
schools  are  now  maintained  within  the  township,  there  being  an  average  of  seven 
months  school  each  year.  Good  school  buildings  have  been  erected  and  a  liberal 
policy  pursued  in  supplying  them  with  furniture,  globes,  maps,  charts,  etc.  Com- 
petent teachers  are  employed  and  are  paid  fair  wages. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
organization  of  the  township:  Martin  Bowen,  1831;  Samuel  Snow,  1881;  A.  M. 
Compton,  1834;  John  C.  Whitaker,  1836;  Eiehard  Ellison,  1838;  Chamdler  W.  Cham- 
berlain, 1840,  John  C.  Eobb,  1840;  Eockwell  "W.  House,  1845;  John  A.  Kemp, 
1845;  re-elected,  1850;  John  Peters,  1850;  Seneca  Horton,  1855;  J.  B.  Redfield, 
1855;  Eeuben  T.  Hall,  1858;  M.  D.  Bosard,  1860;  James  Beebe,  1863;  re-elected, 
1868;  Andrew  J.  Doane,  1864;  A.  J.  Smith,  1866;  J.  M.  Shaw,  1869;  William 
Campbell,  1869;  Aurel  J.  Fisk,  1874;  Edgar  D.  Eish,  1877;  re-elected,  1882;  E.  S. 
Lugg,  1879;  J.  H.  Merritt,  1885;  re-elected,  1890,  1895;  Justus  Leonard,  1887; 
re-elected,  1893. 

CHUECHES. 

The  Presbyterian  Congregation  of  Farmington  was  organized  February  10,  1844, 
at  the  house  of  Johnson  Butts  near  Earmington  Hill.  The  constituent  members 
were  Johnson  and  Lucy  Butts,  John  C.  Eobb,  Miss  Prudence  Crippen,  Mrs.  Prudence 
Poster,  and  Josiah  H.  and  Mary  Ann  Foster.  The  elders  have  been  Johnson  Butts, 
Peter  M.  Close,  John  C,  Eobb,  Harvey  Foster,  P.  L.  Butts,  0.  H.  Blanchard  and 
D.  P.  Close.  Eev.  S.  J.  MeCuUough,  who  organized  the  church,  was  its  pastor  till 
1848.    His  successors  have  been  Eevs.  Thomas  E.  Woodcock,  J.  Gordon  Camahan, 

F.  Band,  1859;  Fred  Graves,  1866;  S.  A.  Rawson,  1873;  Benjamin  Russell,  1880; 
C.  B.  Gillette,  1881;  U.  G.  Williams,  1885;  S.  P.  Gates,  1889;  J.  I.  Campbell,  1890; 
John  H.  Elliott,  1892,  and  W.  C.  McCormack,  who  took  charge  in  January,  1896. 
He  is  also  pastor  of  the  church  at  Tioga.  A  church  edifice  was  erected  in  1851  at  a 
cost  of  $1,200,  and  has  been  repaired  as  needed.  The  congregation  is  a  strong  one. 
Services  have  been  held  with  but  occasional  interruption  since  the  society  was  organ- 
ized and  a  good  Sunday-school  maintained.  The  society  was  incorporated  February 
14,  1853,  upon  the  petition  of  John  Harrower,  Peter  M.  Close,  Isaiah  H.  Foster, 
Johnson  Butts,  John  C.  Eobb  and  Leverett  L.  Wilson. 

The  Farmington  Hill  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  about  1845. 
The  following  are  the  names  of  the  original  members:  Daniel  S.  Buckbee,  S.  P. 
Buckbee,  Mrs.  Hannah  Buckbee,  Miss  Katie  Buckbee,  Mrs.  John  Crippen,  Mr. .  and 
Mrs.  H.  Merritt,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Edgbert,  Mrs.  Katie  Tremain,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Benjamin  S.  Mulford,  and  H.  B.  Turk.  The  following  named  pastors  have  served 
this  church:  Eevs.  G.  W.  Terry,  Mr.  Grandin,  A.  E.  Jones,  Mr.  Davison,  E.  D,  Eosea, 
Mr.  Christian,  E.  L.  Stillwell,  James  Duncan,  J.  M.  Powell,  J.  H.  Austin,  1860-63; 

G.  K  Packer,  1863-64;    C.  L.  E.  Howe,  1864-66;   Y.  Brownell,  1866-67;   W.  M. 
Haskell,  1867;   W.  H.  Eumsey,  T.  L.  Weaver,  John  Van  Kirk;   Harvey  Lamkin, 


382  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

1873-76;  C.  J.  Bradbury,  1876-77;  G.  W.  Howland,  1877-79;  Harvey  Lamkin, 
1879-81;  J.  W.  Gamble,  1881-83;  J.  D.  Eequa,  1883-85;  E.  E.  Thomas,  1885-86; 
F.  A.  Peterson,  1886-88;  W.  L.  Linaberry,  1888-89;  C.  M.  Gardner,  1889-91;  D.  0. 
Chamberlayne,  1891-92;  L.  P.  Thurston,  1892-95;  Xlri  Mulford,  1895-96,  and  D.  E. 
Stiles,  who  took  charge  in  October,  1896.  The  society  was  first  organized  by  Daniel 
Buckbee,  and  services  were  held  in  a  log  school  house.  In  1852,  during  the  pastorate 
of  Eev.  A.  E.  Jones,  a  church  edifice  was  erected  on  Farmington  Hill,  at  a  cost  of 
about  $1,500.  The  society  now  numbers  sixty-three  members.  There  is  a  good 
Sunday-school  and  a  Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  West  Farmington — also  known  as  the 
Pleasant  Valley  Church — was  organized  in  November,  1883,  by  Eev.  James  Scovill, 
pastor.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  original  members:  S.  C.  Doane,  class 
leader;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  W.  Teachman,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Van  Dusen,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  M.  A.  Johnson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simeon  Cady,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  Casbeer, 
Mrs.  Charles  Starr,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  Seely,  and  Mrs.  Eedfield.  The  names  of  the 
pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  James  Scovill,  1883-85;  M.  D.  Jackson,  1885-86; 
William  S.  Crajadall,  1886-88;  D.  L.  Pitts,  1888-90;  Melvin  J.  Smith,  1890-91; 
J.  W.  Miller,  1891-94;  A.  G.  Cole,  1894-96,  and  W.  J.  Wilson,  who  came  in  October, 
1896.  The  first  trustees  were  Eev.  Charles  Weeks,  Simeon  Cady  and  Aaron  Baker, 
under  whose  supervision  a  church  building  costing  $1,300  was  erected  in  1883,. 
on  land  purchased  from  Simeon  Cady.  It  stands  in  the  valley  of  Thorn  Bottom 
creek,  in  the  midst  of  a  prosperous  agricultural  section.  There  are  at  present 
fifty  members  in  the  society,  which  is  in  the  Osceola  charge.  There  are  sixty 
pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Aaron  Baker  is  the  superintendent. 

CEMETEEIES. 

The  Farmington  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  December  2, 1872.  The 
cemetery  owned  and  controlled  by  this  association  embraces  two  acres  of  land  and 
was  opened  in  1854.  It  adjoins  the  Presbyterian  church.  The  incorporators  were 
James  Beebe,  E.  H.  Close,  0,  H.  Blanchard,  Eeuben  T.  Hall,  0.  L.  Butts,  George 
White,  James  L.  Eobb  and  P.  M.  Close.  It  is  neatly  fenced  and  well  cared  for.  It 
has  been  for  nearly  half  a  century  the  burial  place  for  the  families  resident  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  township. 

The  Union  Cemetery  Company  of  Farmington  was  incorporated  December  5,, 
1873.  The  incorporators  were  Andrew  Van  Dusen,  Edgar  M.  Stevens,  James  E. 
Peters,  J.  B.  Eedfield,  Carlos  H.  House,  William  Welch,  A.  B.  Wright,  William 
Pierce,  Willard  Cass,  E.  D.  Fish,  Charles  Edwards,  William  Van  Dusen  and  Milo 
Anderson,  all  representatives  of  old  families  in  the  western  part  of  Farmington 
and  eastern  part  of  Chatham  townships.  This  cemetery,  known  as  the  Peters  cem- 
etery, is  situated  on  high  ground  near  the  old  parsonage.  It  contains  the  graves 
of  many  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  township. 

The  Cemetery  Association  of  North  Farmington  was  incorporated  April  13,  1882, 
by  J.  W.  Teachman,  Osceola;  Warren  Phelps,  Farmington,  and  Eev.  Charles  Weeks,. 
Nelson.  This  cemetery  is  located  about  half  a  mile  east  of  the  Pleasant  Valley 
church,  on  the  road  to  Nelson.  The  land  was  given  by  Eev.  Charles  Weeks  and 
wife.     The  deed  and  charter  require  that  the  money  derived  from  the  sale  of  lots  shall 


PABMINQTON   TOWNSHIP.  333 


constitute  a  permanent  fund,  the  interest  of  which  shall  be  devoted  to  keeping  the 
grounds  in  proper  condition  and  repair.  The  first  interment  was  made  here  in 
1851.    It  was  a  family  burying  ground  for  many  years. 

The  Moury  Cemetery,  a  family  burying  ground,  was  incorporated  April  30, 1886, 
by  Jonathan  and  Charles  W.  Mourie,  Daniel  Moury,  Ira  H.  Moury  and  Henry  Moury. 
This  was  the  private  burying  ground  of  the  Moury  family.  It  was  incorporated  to 
preserve  it  in  perpetuity  as  a  cemetery. 

Besides  these  incoi-porated  cemeteries  there  are  several  private  burying  grounds 
in  different  parts  of  the  township..  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  Gee  burying 
ground,  and  the  Jacob  Prutsman  burying  ground.  All  the  public  and  private 
cemeteries  are  well  cared  for  and  contain  an  unusually  large  number  of  handsome 
marble  and  granite  monuments. 

POSTOFFICES   AND   POSTMASTEKS. 

The  West  Farmington  Postoffice  was  established  about  1858,  the  first  postmaster 
being  C.  H.  House.  His  successors  have  been  Ansel  Wright,  John  Hammond, 
Eoekwell  House,  Adelbert  Van  Dusen,  Willard  Cass  and  Elizabeth  Cass,  the  present 
incumbent,  who  was  appointed  in  July,  1895. 

Farmington  Hill  Postoffice,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  was  established 
in  1861.  There  have  been  but  two  postmasters,  Eeuben  T.  Hall,  who  held  the  office 
until  November  37, 1882,  when  George  White,  the  present  postmaster,  was  appointed. 
Faj-mington  Hill  Grange,  No.  841,  which  was  organized  March  8,  1888,  meets  in  a 
hall  near  the  Farmington  Hill  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  It  now  numbers  sixty- 
four  members. 

Flbridge  Postoffice  was  established  in  1883.  J.  E.  White  was  the  first  post- 
master. His  successors  have  been  Charles  McCallum,  J.  E.  White,  Mrs.  C.  B. 
Moury,  J.  B.  McCallum,  and  Mrs.  C.  B.  Moury,  the  present  incumbent.  Mrs. 
Moury  also  carries  on  a  general  store.  The  office  is  near  the  center  of  the  town- 
ship.   Elbridge  is  also  the  voting  place  of  the  township. 

Odle  Corners  Postoffice,  in  the  western  p^rt  of  the  township,  near  the  Deerfield 
township  line,  was  established  in  July,  1893.  Mary  Odle,  the  postmistress,  has  kept 
a  store  here  for  twenty  years. 


CHAPTEE  XXYII. 

ELKLAND  BOEOUGH. 

The  Odd  Townshep  of  Elkland  — Its  Organization  and  Boundaries— Reduc- 
tions OF  Area  —  Organized  as  a  Borough  —  Enlargement  of  Borough 
Limits— Pioneer  Settlers —Village  Growth  -Later  Enterprises— Schools 
—Hotels— Borough  Organization  and  Officials— Postmasters-Physicians 
and  Lawyers  -Newspapers  -Churches— Cemeteries— Societies. 


IN  1814  the  township  of  Elkland — now  no  longer  in  existence — was  organized. 
Its  territory,  taken  from  Delmar  township,  extended  along  the  New  York  state 
line  from  the  ninety-third  to  the  one  hundred  and  fourth  mile-stone — a  distance 
of  eleven  miles.  It  extended  north  and  south  a  distance  of  ten  miles,  and  embraced 
within  its  boundaries  the  present  boroughs  of  Nelson,  Elkland  and  Osceola,  all  of 
Farmington,  and  parts  of  Ijawrenee,  Deerfield  and  Middlebury  townships.  In 
December,  1816,  a  part  of  the  township  of  Lawrence  was  taken  from  it,  and  in  Sep- 
tember, 1823,  another  portion  of  its  territory  went  to  Middlebury  township.  In 
February,  1830,  the  territory  of  the  township  of  Farmington  was  taken  from  it. 
Those  several  reductions  confined  it  to  a  narrow  strip,  about  eight  miles  long,  from 
east  to  west,  by  two  and  three-fourths  miles  wide,  from  north  to  south.  By  an  act  of 
the  legislature,  approved  April  10, 1849,  its  territory  was  still  further  reduced  by  the 
creation  of  the  borough  of  Elkland,  to  which,  from  time  to  time,  additions  have  been 
made.  In  January,  1857,  all  that  part  of  the  township  not  embraced  in  Elkland 
borough  limits,  lying  west  of  a  line  extending  through  the  center  of  that  borough, 
from  north  to  south,  was  erected  into  the  township  of  Osceola,  and  in  December, 
1857,  all  lying  east  of  the  same  line  became  the  township  of  Nelson,  and  Elkland 
township  passed  out  of  existence.  By  the  subsequent  extension  of  the  Elkland 
borough  limits  south  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  the  townships  of  Osceola  and  Nelson 
both  suffered  material  reductions  of  area.  There  is  still  left,  however,  a  narrow 
strip  between  the  southern  boundary  of  Elkland  and  the  northern  boundary  of 
Farmington  township,  the  western  half  of  which  belongs  to  the  borough  of  Osceola, 
and  the  eastern  half  to  the  borough  of  Nelson.  Some  years  ago  a  movement  was 
afoot  to  annex  this  strip  to  Elkland  borough  and  thus  give  it  and  Osceola  and  Nelson 
boroughs  more  symmetrical  boundaries,  but  for  some  reason  the  annexation  was 
not  made. 

PIONEER   settlers. 

A  man  named  Baker  Pierce,  who  died  in  1815,  and  whose  remains  were  buried 
in  the  old  pioneer  graveyard  at  Osceola,  appears  to  have  been  the  first  settler  within 
the  boundaries  of  Elkland  borough.  Just  when  he  settled  or  how  long  he  remained 
cannot  now  be  ascertained,  but  it  must  have  been  during  the  earlier  years  of  the  first 
decade  of  the  present  century.     The  next  to  settle  was  the  Taylor  family,  who  located 


^^^^^^^^^^^B               ^^^ 

■ 

'  -**^^^^' 

^^"'    "1 

_^ 

ELKLAND   BOEOUGH.  385 


at  Barney  Hill.  This  family  consisted  of  Mrs.  Permelia  Taylor  and  her  three  sons, 
Ebenezer,  Philip  and  Mitchell,  who  emigrated  from  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  New 
Jersey,  to  the  Wyoming  valley,  thence  to  Pipe  Creek,  below  Owego,  from  which 
place,  in  1806,  they  came  to  the  Cowanesque  valley.  Ebenezer  and  Philip  soon 
afterward  removed  to  Osceola.  The  latter,  his  mother  and  his  brother,  Mitchell, 
all  died  before  1815,  and  were  buried  at  Barney  Hill.  In  1883,  their  resting  place 
being  disturbed  by  the  building  of  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad,  Capt. 
Charles  E.  Taylor  and  Charles  Tubbs — descendants  in  the  fourth  generation  of  Mrs. 
Permelia  Taylor — removed  their  remains  to  the  cemetery  at  Osceola. 

It  appears  that  William  Courtright  acquired  title  to  the  land  first  bought  and 
settled  on  by  Philip  Taylor,  which,  in  1814,  he  conveyed  to  Lintsford  Coates.  The 
Coates  family  came  early,  as  early,  so  it  has  been  stated,  as  1806.  In  1808,  however, 
Timothy  Coates,  St.,  acquired  the  title  to  170  acres  of  land,  situated  between  the 
lands  of  Cyprian  Wright  and  those  of  Amasa  Culver,  and  covered  by  warrant  Wo. 
233,  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  Kelson  borough,  and  later  he  and  his  son, 
Lintsford,  bought  land  and  became  residents  of  Elkland.  The  exact  year,  is,  how- 
ever, difficult  to  ascertain.  Daniel  Holiday  was  here  previous  to  1810,  in  which  year 
his  son,  Daniel,  now  a  resident  of  Holidaytown,  Middlebury  township,  was  bom. 

In  March,  1811,  came  a  colony  from  Elmira  and  Southport,  New  York,  con- 
sisting of  Samuel  Tubbs,  Sr.,  his  sons,  Samuel,  James  and  Benjamin,  and  his  sons- 
in-law,  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  David  Hammond  and  Martin  Stevens.  The  members  of  this 
colony  became  the  owners  and  occupants  of  all  the  land  from  Barney  Hill  on  the  east 
to  the  Stull  farm  on  the  west,  including  the  Davenport  Island  and  farm  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river.  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  and  his  brother  James,  settled  in  the  center  of 
Elkland,  which  became  known  as  Eyonsville.  John  Eyon,  Sr.,  who  joined  the 
settlement  later,  was  the  first  postmaster  of  the  village,  and  resided  there  until  his 
death  in  1833.  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  early  became  a  prominent  and  leading  spirit.  He 
was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  1816,  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1833  and 
1833,  and  a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1834.  He  was  the  first  merchant  of  the 
village  and  its  most  prominent  citizen.  In  1848  he  removed  to  Lawreneeville,  where 
he  died  July  23, 1859.  Samuel  Tubbs  settled  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Dorrance 
farm,  and  soon  became  identified  with  the  material  growth  of  the  village.  David 
Hammond  settled  on  the  old  Hammond  homestead,  now  owned  by  Mrs.  C.  L.  Pat- 
tison. 

The  names  given  are  those  of  the  pioneers  who  settled  within  the  borough 
limits,  so  far  as  it  has  been  possible  to  ascertain  them.  In  time  the  village  took  the 
name  of  Elkland,  growing  steadily  year  by  year.  It  is  now  one  of  the  most  pros- 
perous BJid  progressive  boroughs  in  the  county. 

TILLAGE    GEOWTH. 

As  early  as  1815  Col.  Samuel  Tubbs  and  his  sons  excavated  a  mill  race 
around  the  south  side  of  what  afterward  became  known  as  Davenport  Island,  and 
erected  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill.  Col.  Lemuel  Davenport,  who  came  about  1830, 
or  soon  after,  acquired  this  property  and  owned  and  operated  the  mills.  In  1870 
they  were  purchased  by  Hon.  John  W.  Eyon,  of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania.  In  1885 
the  grist-mill  was  changed  to  a  roller-mill.  In  1890  the  machinery,  etc.,  was  re- 
25 


386  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

moved  to  a  site  north  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  at  the  head  of  Parkhurst  street, 
and  the  present  mill  erected.  In  1894  a  grain  elevator  with  a  capacity  of  14,000 
bushels  of  grain  was  built.  During  the  latter  part  of  1895  the  mill  was  completely 
remodeled  and  the  latest  improved  machinery  added.  It  is  now  a  500-barrel  mill, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  in  the  State.  John  W.  Eyon,  Jr.,  is  in  charge. 
William  Martindell  is  the  superintendent  and  head  miller.  About  1840  D.  B.  SchofE 
erected  a  water-power  saw-mill  on  the  river  in  the  southern  part  of  the  village,  and 
operated  it  for  a  number  of  years.    It  was  torn  down  in  1869  by  George  Dorrance. 

The  first  store  in  the  village  was  opened  about  1834  or  1835  by  John  Eyon,  Jr., 
and  Eobert  Tubbs.  In  1838  Joel  Parkhurst,  who  had  previously  been  in  business 
with  his  brother  in  Lawrenceville,  came  to  Elkland,  joined  with  and  later  bought 
them  out.  He  became  within  a  few  years,  not  only  a  leadiag  business  man,  but  the 
wealthiest  citizen  of  the  Cowanesque  valley,  maintaining  at  the  same  time  a  well- 
deserved  reputation  for  liberality,  enterprise  and  public  spirit.  In  1833  George  L. 
and  Samuel  Eyon  opened  a  store  and  continued  in  business  until  1843.  About  1833 
Timothy  S.  and  David  Coates  engaged  in  merchandising  and  lumbering,  continuing 
until  1854,  when  Claxk  Kimball,  of  Osceola,  succeeded  David.  Other  changes  oc- 
curred previous  to  Mr.  Coates'  retirement  in  1859  or  1860. 

As  the  country  became  more  settled,  the  village  grew  slowly,  new  stores  being 
started,  a  school  house  built,  a  church  organized,  and  such  other  trade  and  indus- 
trial enterprises  set  on  foot  as  the  condition  and  necessities  of  the  people  demanded. 
In  the  winter  of  1839-40  James  Tubbs,  father  of  Hon.  Charles  Tubbs,  of  Osceola, 
and  who  is  still  living,  taught  a  school  in  the  village.  Eecently,  in  a  reminiscent 
article  published  in  the  Elkland  Journal,  he  described  this  school  and  the  pupils 
who  attended,  and  closed  with  the  following  description  of  the  village: 

i''"At  the  time  of  my  school  Elkland  was  a  mere  hamlet,  not  even  a  four  corners,  as 
there  was  no  street  from  Skinner's  store  to  the  river.  On  what  is  now  Buffalo  street 
two  families  lived— Anson  Blackman's  and  Alvinzi  Foote's.  Stanley,  the  tailor,  had 
just  occupied  the  house  in  which  Dr.  Rockwell  now  lives.  Martin  Stevens,  carpenter, 
and  Asaph  Johnson  lived  on  the  farm  where  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company's  office  is, 
and  Benjamin  Tubbs  on  the  lower  part  of  the  Dorrance  farm.  The  leading  citizen  was 
John  Eyon.  He  had  been  representative  and  senator,  and  at  the  time  of  my  school 
had  a  seat  upon  the  bench  as  associate  judge.  He  gave  the  land  where  the  school  house 
was  built;  the  land  for  the  cemetery,  and  the  site  for  the  Presbyterian  church,  which 
had  then  been  built  about  one  year.  His  son,  John  W.,  has  become  my  most  dis- 
tinguished scholar,  having  been  a  member  of  Congress.  Elisha  B.  Benedict  was  the 
physician  of  the  place,  and  Eev.  Octavius  Eitch,  the  Presbyterian  minister.  Joel 
Parkhurst,  who  settled  in  Elkland  eleven  years  previously,  kept  a  store  on  the  site  of 
the  Journal  office,  and  was  the  postmaster.  The  mail  arrived  twice  a  week  at  the 
postoffice.    There  was  no  bridge  across  the  river. 

LATEB    ENTEBPKISES. 

The  ETkland  Tannery  was  established  about  1851  by  James  Hancock  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river.  He  was  soon  succeeded  by  S.  G.  Tabor  &  Son. 
In  1853  Joel  Parkhurst  acquired  the  property,  which  he  continued  to  own  until 
1873,  when  he  sold  it  to  Joseph  Cornelius.  He  owned  and  operated  it  in  connection 
with  his  sons  until  1893,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Proctor,  Hunt  &  Co,  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Cornelius  retaining  an  interest   in  the   business.    In 


ELKLAND    BOKOUGH.  387 


January,  1893,  the  tannery  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  rebuilt  on  the  present  site, 
north  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  beginning  operations  November  11,  1893.  The 
new  tannery  has  a  capacity  of  600  hides  per  day  and  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  county. 
P.  M.  Cornelius  is  the  superintendent.  The  company  also  owns  and  carries  on  a 
large  general  store. 

Decker  &  Metcalf's  Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factory  was  established  about  1857. 
They  ran  it  nearly  twenty  years.  The  property  had  various  owners  afterwards, 
finally  falling  into  the  hands  of  C.  L.  Pattison,  who  removed  the  plant  north  of  the 
railroads  and  incorporated  it  with  the  furniture  factory. 

The  Pattison  National  Bank  is  the  successor  of  a  private  bank  established  in 
1867  by  Joel  and  John  Parkhurst,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  &  J.  Parkhurst.  In 
October,  1869,  C.  L.  Pattison  was  admitted  and  the  name  changed  to  J.  Parkhurst 
&  Company.  On  August  1,  1889,  John  Parkhurst  retired  and  his  son,  L.  K.  Park- 
hurst, was  admitted.  The  name  was  then  changed  to  C.  L.  Pattison  &  Company. 
In  June,  1890,  Mr.  Pattison  and  his  wife  became  sole  owners.  C.  L.  Pattison  died 
April  10, 1896.  Soon  after  his  death  steps  were  taken  to  re-organize  the  institution 
as  a  national  bank,  and  on  June  3,  1896,  a  charter  was  secured  for  the  Pattison 
National  Bank,  so  named  in  honor  of  the  deceased  financier,  wMch  was  formally 
organized  by  the  election  of  the  following  officers:  Orville  Pattison,  president; 
Jerome  Bottom,  vice-president;  W.  Burton  Foote,  cashier;  S.  A.  Weeks,  teller,  and 
Orville  Pattison,  W.  Burton  Foote,  and  S.  A.  Weeks,  of  Elkland;  Jerome  Bottom 
and  J.  D.  Campbell,  of  Nelson;  J.  T.  Gear  and  I.  M.  Edgcomb,  of  Knoxville,  and 
John  W.  Hammond,  of  Osceola,  directors.  This  bank  is  ably  conducted,  occupies  a 
handsome  building,  erected  expressly  for  its  use,  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  and  is  one  of 
the  strongest  financial  institutions  in  the  county. 

The  Cowanesque  Valley  Oil  Company  was  incorporated  in  July,  1877,  the  incor- 
porators being  Garrett  W.  Benson,  Clean,  New  York,  and  John  Parkhurst,  Charles 
L.  Pattison,  Benjamin  Dorrance  and  J.  C.  Edwards,  of  Elkland.  An  oil  well  was 
sunk  on  the  Hammond  place  southwest  of  the  borough.  Oil  and  gas  were  both 
found,  but  in  limited  quantities. 

The  Tioga  Telephone  Company  was  incorporated  November  28,  1881,  the  incor- 
porators being  James  Horton,  Westfield;  J.  W.  Hammond,  Osceola;  J.  D.  Campbell, 
Nelson;  Charles  L.  Pattison,  Elkland,  and  Austin  Lathrop,  Jr.,  and  G.  E.  Brown, 
Corning,  New  York.  The  capital  stock  is  $3,500.  This  company  operates  a  line 
of  telephone  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties.  In  Tioga  county  it  includes  the  boroughs 
of  Nelson,  Elkland,  Osceola,  Knoxville  and  Westfield. 

The  Elkland  Furniture  Association  {Limited)  was  incorporated  March  35,  1883, 
by  Charles  L.  Pattison,  William  L.  Simmons  and  Abram  Coon,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $6,287.34.  Its  object  was  the  manufacture  and  vending  of  furniture  of  every 
description.  The  plant  was  installed  in  ample  buildings  north  of  the  railroad,  and 
a  large  business  sooii  built  up.  In  1890  one  hundred  hands  were  employed.  The 
factory  was  destroyed  by  fire  January  7,  1893.  A  movement  to  rebuild  was  imme- 
diately set  on  foot,  but  was  not  successful. 

The  Favorite  Folding  Chair  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $26,300,  was  incor- 
porated May  5,  1883,  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  chairs  of  every  description. 
The  incorporators  were  B.  H.  Parkhurst,  John  Parkhurst,  L.  K.  Parkhurst,  Eichard 


388  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


K.  Skinner,  J.  C.  Edwards,  C.  L.  Pattison,  of  Elkland;  E.  B.  Campbell,  of  Nelson, 
and  H.  E.  Evans,-  of  New  York.  This  company  continued  in  operation  for  several 
years. 

The  Elkland  Manufacturing  Company,  manufacturers  of  toys  and  novelties, 
was  established  in  Elkland  in  January,  1887.  E.  W.  Crandall,  the  superintendent, 
is  the  son  of  Asa  Crandall,  known  as  the  maker  of  Crandall's  building  blocks  and 
■who  ran  a  furniture  factory  in  Covington  in  1840.  Mr.  Crandall  was  in  the  same 
business  in  Montrose,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  large  factory  burned  August  37,  1886, 
involving  a  loss  of  $46,000.  His  present  plant  is  located  in  the  old  chair  factory 
building.  From  sixty  to  seventy-five  men  are  constantly  employed,  the  annual 
output  amounting  to  about  $40,000.  Toys  and  novelties  are  shipped  to  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

The  Elkland  Carriage  Works  was  established  in  the  old  rink  building  in  1889, 
by  B.  H.  Parkhurst,  and  operated  until  his  suspension  in  1893.  Over  sixty  hands  were 
employed,  the  annual  output  exceeding  $100,000.  A  factory  building  north  of  the 
railroad  was  erected  in  1890.  This  property  is  now  owned  by  the  National  Advertis- 
ing Company,  who  purpose  engaging  in  the  manufacture  of  snow  shovels  and  other 
articles  of  utility. 

The  Elkland  Planing  Mill  was  established  in  1890  by  E.  B.  Campbell  and  J.  C. 
Edwards.  Since  August,  1895,  it  has  been  run  by  I.  H.  Fields,  who  employs  eight 
hands.  In  addition  to  his  planing  mill  business  Mr.  Fields  engages  in  the  manu- 
facture of  hardwood  bedsteads. 

The  Elkland  Foundry  was  established  in  1891  by  C.  B.  Bailey.  It  was  destroyed 
in  the  fire  of  January  7, 1893,  and  rebuilt  in  the  following  spring.  It  is  now  operated 
as  a  foundry  and  machine  shop  by  William  "Wilhelm. 

The  Elkland  Basket  Works  was  established  in  1893  by  C.  B.  Bailey  and  F.  G. 
Bemis  for  the  manufacture  of  fruit  and  farm  baskets.  About  seventy-five  hands  were 
employed,  the  output  amounting  to  about  $60,000  annually.  The  plant  was  removed 
to  Coudersport,  Pennsylvania,  March  1,  1896. 

The  Elkland  Pure  Oil  and  Gas  Company  was  organized  in  February,  1896,  for 
the  purpose  of  making  a  thorough  test  for  oil  and  gas  on  lands  leased  for  that  purpose. 
The  ofiicers  are  F.  W.  Crandall,  president;  M.  G.  Fitzpatrick,  secretary;  A.  W. 
Campbell,  treasurer;  George  C.  Signor,  E.  P.  McCann,  F.  T.  Smith,  J.  W.  Eyon,  Jr., 
Jay  Beard,  J.  C.  Dulso,  G.  S.  Walker,  Charles  Cornelius,  W.  G.  Humphrey,  C.  B. 
and  C.  E.  Bailey,  directors.  A  well  was  sunk  about  half  a  mile  southwest  of  the 
village,  and  gas  and  oil  both  struck,  but  not  in  paying  quantities. 

The  Elkland  Bicycle  Club  was  organized  in  July,  1894,  as  a  stock  company,  with 
B.  H.  Parkhurst,  president;  Dr.  W.  H.  Humphrey,  vice-president;  George  C.  Signor, 
corresponding  secretary;  Fred  W.  Crandall,  treasurer,  and  Fred  T.  Smith,  secretary. 
This  club  owns  twelve  acres  of  enclosed  ground  northwest  of  the  business  part  of  the 
borough,  containing  a  half-mile  track,  grand  stand,  judges'  stand,  etc.  Eace  meet- 
ings are  held  here  each  season,  and  state  records  have  been  made  on  this  track. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  early  schools  in  Elkland,  as  in  other  places  throughout  the  county,  were 
supported  by  subscription,  and  until  the  building  of  the  first  school  house  in  1837, 


ECKLAND    BOKOUGH.  339 


were  taught  in  any  house  that  could  be  secured  for  the  purpose.  The  year  when  the 
first  school  was  opened  has  not  been  ascertained,  but  it  was  probably  as  early  as  1814 
or  1816.  Among  the  first  teachers  were  Henry  "Womer,  Miss  Mary  Ryon  and  Harriet 
B.  "Wright.  Miss  Wright,  who  aiterwards  became  the  wife  of  Ira  Bulkley,  taught 
a  term  of  thirteen  weeks  beginning  June  14,  1834,  in  an  old  log  dwelling  house 
"located  where  C.  L.  Pattison  now  resides."  She  had  eighteen  pupils — eight  boys 
and  ten  girls.  They  were  John,  Amariah  and  Hannah  (wife  of  George  L.  Ryon) 
Hammond;  Esther  "Wright  (second  wife  of  Ira  Bulkley);  Elizabeth  Cook  (wife  of 
Orsemus  Eathbone);  "Willis  and  Nancy  (wife  of  Brockhurst  L.  Baker)  Hammond; 
George  L.  and  Harris  T.  Ryon;  Benson,  Elizabeth  and  Charles  Tubbs;  Maria  Coates 
(wife  of  Lorenzo  Cook);  Edward,  Charlotte  and  Hester  Buck;  Phebe  Mascho,  who 
died  young,  and  her  brother  Charles;  and  a  girl  named  Rifle,  who  lived  in  the  family 
of  John  Ryon,  Sr.  Miss  "Wright's  pay  for  teaching  was  "calculated  at  one  dollar  per 
week,  or  one  bushel  of  good  merchantable  wheat."  In  1893  her  sister  Esther,  one 
of  her  pupils,  who  became  the  second  wife  of  Ira  Bulkley,  dictated  for  publication 
an  article  which  appeared  in  the  Elkland  Journal,  in  which  she  said: 

Elklaud,  at  ttat  time,  did  not  stow  signs  of  becoming'  a  village.  It  had  no  tavern, 
nor  store,  nor  stop  of  any  kind — not  even  a  distillery.  There  was  no  church  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley,  and  the  itinerant  Methodist  ministers  vrho  passed  this  way  once  in 
six  weeks,  held  preaching  services  in  some  barn  in  the  summer  season.  John  Ryon, 
Sr.,  was  postmaster  and  kept  the  office  at  his  dwelling  house,  at  which  the  mail  arrived 
by  carrier  on  horseback,  once  a  week  (Tuesdays).  "John  Ryon,  Esq.,"  as  my  father 
vrrote  his  name  among  the  patrons  of  my  sister's  school,  was  at  that  time  a  member 
of  the  state  senate,  deservedly  popular,  a  most  generous  and  obliging  gentleman. 

In  1837  the  first  school  building  was  erected.  It  is  still  standing  just  west  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  and  is  occupied  as  a  dwelling  by  James  Brocksley.  It  was 
built  by  Rodney  Shaw,  afterwards  a  well  known  citizen  of  Mansfield.  At  the  raising 
there  was  used  one  and  one-half  gallons  of  whiskey,  bought  of  H.  Freeborn,  of 
Shaver's  Point — now  Lawrenceville — for  fifty  cents.  This  school  house  was  also 
used  as  a  church  imtil  1835.  It  was  built  by  subscription.  One  of  the  early  teachers 
here  after  the  adoption  of  the  public  school  system  was  James  Tubbs,  who  taught 
in  the  winter  of  1839-40.  In  the  article  already  quoted  from,  he  says:  "I  had  no 
blackboard.  My  only  classes  were  in  spelling  and  reading.  Grammar  was  not  a 
branch  of  study  in  my  school.  In  arithmetic  I  had  no  class.  Each  student  began 
and  ciphered  as  far  as  he  or  she  could  in  the  science  of  numbers  with  my  assistance. 
In  teaching  geography  the  same  method  was  pursued.  Considerable  attention  was 
given  to  penmanship." 

The  second  school  house  was  built  in  1855,  and  was  a  two-story  frame,  with 
rooms  for  two  departments.  In  1876  Joel  Parkhurst  proposed  to  give  the  district 
a  new  brick  school  house,  costing  $4,000,  provided  the  people  would  raise  a  fund  of 
$1,500,  to  be  placed  at  interest  and  the  interest  used  to  keep  the  house  in  order 
and  purchase  apparatus.  The  offer  was  accepted  and  the  building  erected.  It 
ranks  as  third  among  the  school  houses  of  the  county.  Prof.  M.  E.  Cass  has  been 
principal  of  this  school  since  1891,  and  has  proven  himself  an  able,  efiicient  and 
popular  educator. 


390  HISTOBT   OP   TIOGA   COITNTY. 

HOTELS. 

For  some  time  previous  to  1836,  a  man  named  Smith  kept  a  wayside  ian  on  the 
site  of  the  old  Case  Hotel — ^now  the  Sandbaeh  House.  In  the  year  named  Leander 
Culver  bought  it,  and  became  the  first  regular  hotel  keeper  in  the  village.  In  1851 
he  built  the  present  building,  which  has  since  had  numerous  landlords,  among  whom 
were  Charles  Eyon,  Life  Blaekman,  David  Dunbar,  John  E.  Westlake,  A.  J.  Fillman, 
Peter  Duvall,  Fred  Bunnell,  "Sandy"  Simpson,  A.  D.  Graves,  W.  E.  Coles  and  T. 
D.  Case.  In  September,  1894,  after  Mr.  Case's  death,  the  property  was  purchased 
by  Mrs.  Mary  Sandbaeh,  of  Wellsboro,  who  placed  her  son,  Eichard  E.  Sandbaeh,  in 
charge  as  manager.  The  name  was  changed  to  the  Sandbaeh  House.  It  is  well 
conducted  and  popular. 

In  1841  D.  B.  and  J.  W.  SchofE  built  a  hotel  near  the  Dorrance  farm.  It  burned 
in  1867.  In  the  same  year  another  hotel  was  built  on  its  site  by  Enos  D.  and  Leander 
Culver.  About  1871  it  was  converted  into  a  dwelling,  and  since  1880  was  owned 
by  C.  L.  Pattison. 

The  Signor  House  was  built  about  1880,  Eobert  Traver  being  the  first  landlord. 
In  the  spring  of  1886  George  C.  Signor  bought  the  property,  and  in  the  summer  of 
1894  rebuilt  the  hotel,  expending  $2,000.  The  building  was  thoroughly  remodeled 
inside  and  out,  and  is  now  one  of  the  best  hotels  in  the  county.  Mr.  Signor  is  a 
popular  landlord  and  commands  a  large  share  of  the  traveling  patronage. 

The  Arlington  Hotel  was  opened  in  July,  1891,  near  the  Fall  Brook  railroad 
depot,  by  Eobert  Traver,  as  landlord.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  December  17,  1893, 
being  owned  and  occupied  at  the  time  by  J.  G.  Parks. 

BOEOUGH    OEGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  borough  of  Elkland  was  incorporated  by  a  special  act  of  the  legislature, 
approved  April  10, 1849,  and  in  May  following  the  first  election  was  held  at  the  house 
of  J.  L.  Davenport,  resulting  in  the  election  of  John  Parkhurst,  burgess,  and  Leander 
Culver,  J.  L.  Davenport,  J.  C.  Whitaker,  D.  B.  Schoff  and  Joel  Parkhurst,  council- 
men.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  burgesses  since  elected:  John  Parkhurst, 
1850;  W.  T.  Humphrey,  1851;  E.  I.  Kelsey,  1852;  Edward  Kennedy,  1853;  S.  E. 
Hunt,  1854;  Truman  Sanford,  1855;  Joel  Parkhurst,  1856-60;  F.  G.  Loveland, 
1861;  Kasson  Parkhurst,  1862;  John  Parkhurst,  1863;  John  Chase,  1864;  Joel 
Parkhurst,  1865;  J.  C.  Whitaker,  1866;  Joel  Parkhurst,  1867;  T.  S.  Coates,  1868; 
Joel  Parkhurst,  1869-74;  C.  P.  Evans,  1875;  E.  K.  Skinner,  1876;  T.  D.  Chase, 
1877;  "W.  W.  Wright,  1878;  Henry  Miner,  1879;  G.  T.  Harrower,  1880;  T.  Coates, 
1881;  E.  P.  McCann,  1882;  John  Parkhurst,  1883;  W.  H.  Eedfield,  1884;  E.  G. 
Webb,  1885;  John  Parkhurst,  1886;  J.  E.  Wilcox,  1887;  John  Brown,  1888-89;  G. 
G.  Dorrance,  1890;  John  Brown,  1891;  Joseph  Smith,  1892;  G.  S.  Walker,  1893; 
Charles  L.  Pattison,  1894,  served  until  his  death,  April  10,  1896;  E.  B.  Campbell, 
1896,  and  J.  C.  Edwards,  1897. 

The  names  of  the  persons  serving  as  justices  of  the  peace  during  the  existence 
of  Elkland  township  are  as  follows:  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  1816;  Cyprian  Wright,  1819; 
Nathaniel  Seely,  second,  1819;  Amariah  Hammond,  1825;  Eeuben  Cloos,  1837; 
Martin  Bowen,  1831;  Samuel  Snow,  1832;  A.  M.  Compton,  1834;  John  C.  Whitaker, 


ELKLAND   BOKOTJGH.  391 


1836;  re-elected,  1840;  Eiehard  Ellison,  1838;  re-elected,  1840;  Luke  B.  Maynard, 
1841;  re-elected,  1853;  William  Barker,  1844;  G.  C.  Blake,  1847;  Daniel  Shumway, 
1847;  Albert  M.  Loop,  1849;  Andrew  K.  Bosard,  1850;  re-elected,  1855;  Allen 
Seely,  1855,  and  G.  H.  Baxter,  1857. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  Elkland  borough: 
Charles  Eyon,  1850;  re-elected,  1855;  Joel  Parkhurst,  1850;  John  Parkhurst,  1855; 
re-elected,  1860,  1865;  Enos  L.  Culver,  1860;  F.  G.  Loveland,  1864;  re-elected, 
1869,  1874, 1882, 1889;  T.  C.  Coates,  1870;  E.  B.  Benedict,  1873;  A.  A.  Amsbury, 
1874;  W.  B.  Meade,  1876;  J.  C.  Whitaker,  Sr.,  1880;  John  S.  Eyon,  1880;  William 
Potter,  1883;  C.  C.  Ward,  1884;  re-elected,  1885;  Windsor  Gleason,  1888;  re-elected, 
1893;  Eobert  P.  McCann,  1890;  John  S.  Ellis,  1894;  re-elected,  1895;.  Alonzo 
Porter,  1895. 

POSTMASTEES. 

A  postoffice  called  "Eyonsville"  was  established  in  the  village  in  December, 
1833,  John  Eyon,  Sr.,  being  the  first  postmaster.  In  1830  he  was  succeeded  by  Joel 
Parkhurst,  who  was  succeeded  in  June,  1834,  by  Samuel  Eyon.  In  1838  George 
L.  Eyon  was  appointed.  About  this  time  the  name  of  the  office  was  changed  to 
Elkland.  He  was  succeeded  in  1839  by  Joel  Parkhurst,  whose  immediate  successors 
were  John  and  J.  G.  Parkhurst.  The  next  incumbent  was  Prank  G.  Loveland,  who 
was  succeeded  in  1886  by  John  S.  Eyon.  In  1889  E.  G.  Webb  was  appointed.  He 
was  succeeded  May  38, 1894,  by  Eobert  P.  MeCann,  the  present  incumbent.  In  1890 
Elkland  was  made  a  presidential  office  and  brought  within  the  civil  service  rules. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    LAWTBES. 

In  1830  Seth  John  Porter  came  to  Elkland  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  was  also  a  minister  of  the  gospel  and,  as  stated  elsewhere  in  this  chapter,  organized 
the  first  church  in  the  village.  He  remained  until  September,  1833,  when  he 
removed  to  Kalamazoo,  Michigan,  and  soon  afterwards  died.  Dr.  Elisha  B.  Benedict, 
also  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  came  about  1831,  and  practiced  until  his  death  in  1873. 
In  January,  1849,  Dr.  William  T.  Humphrey,  a  native  of  Bainbridge,  N"ew  York, 
and  a  graduate  of  the  Albany  Medical  College,  came  to  Elkland  from  Addison,  New 
York,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  remained  until  1857,  when 
he  removed  to  Osceola,  where  he  has  continued  in  practice  to  the  present  time,  with 
the  exception  of  three  years  and  seven  months  spent  in  the  service  during  the  Civil 
War.  Dr.  W.  W.  Wright,  a  native  of  Greene  county,  ISTew  York,  came  with  his 
parents  to  Tioga  county  in  1844,  graduated  from  the  Geneva  Medical  College  in  1848 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Elkland  in  1850,  and  is  still  engaged  ia 
active  practice.  W.  E.  Hatheway,  a  homeopathic  physician,  located  about  1876  and 
practiced  several  years.  Dr.  Thomas  1^.  Eockwell  located  in  Elkland  in  1887  and 
continued  to  practice  until  his  death,  January  30, 1896.  Dr.  W.  G.  Humphrey,  a  son 
of  Dr.  W.  T.  Humphrey,  began  practice  in  Elkland  in  1890  and  has  continued  to  the 
present  time. 

Col.  E.  T,  Wood,  who  is  still  a  resident  of  the  borough,  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Elkland  ia  1853.  S.  D.  Brooks  came  in  1855  and  remained  until  1867.  Kasson 
Parkhurst  practiced  but  a  short  time,  during  and  after  the  Civil  War.    John  S.  Eyon 


392  HISTOEY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877  and  has  practiced  in  Elkland  to  the  present  time. 
Colonel  Wood  and  himself  are  the  resident  attorneys. 

NEWSPAPEES. 

The  Elkland  Journal  was  established  by  Edward  M.  Bixby,  April  4,  1876,  and 
was  edited  and  published  by  him  until  February  19, 1878,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Messrs.  Eyon  &  Ward,  who  were  succeeded  by  Wood  &  Buckbee.  In  May,  1878,  Fred 
L.  Graves  assumed  control.  On  January  1, 1882,  he  was  succeeded  by  J.  J.  Van  Home 
&  Brother,  who  continued  as  editors  and  publishers  until  July  10,  1891,  when  the 
property  was  purchased  by  Will  C.  Griffiths.  Mr.  Griffiths  greatly  improved  the 
paper  both  in  typographical  appearance  and  as  a  medium  for  local  and  general  news. 
Lack  of  paying  support,  however,  compelled  him  to  suspend  publication  in  the  fall 
of  1896. 

CHUECHES. 

The  First  Congregational  Church  of  Elkland  was  the  name  of  a  church  organized 
in  1832  at  Elklamd  by  Eev.  Seth  John  Porter.  The  gospel  had  been  preached  in  the 
vaUey  before  1800  by  itinerant  ministers  and  by  lay  preachers  of  local  repute,  belong- 
ing to  the  Methodist  and  Baptist  denominations.  In  1830  Seth  John  Porter  came 
into  the  valley  to  practice  medicine.  It  soon  became  known  that  he  was  also  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  and  a  graduate  of  Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  He  began 
to  preach  in  the  old  school  house  where  James  Brocksley  now  resides,  and  in  1832 
organized  a  Congregational  church,  composed  of  the  following  members:  Elihu 
and  Henrietta  Hill,  William  and  Anna  Barker,  Hubbard  and  Eunice  Clark,  Anna 
Bacon,  Clara  Tubbs,  Jane  Christian,  Almina  Christian,  Lydia  Clark,  Margaret  Blend, 
Jane  Blend,  Polly  Johnson,  Nancy  Eathbone,  Hannah  Hammond  and  Sylvina  Bacon. 
Elihu  Hill  was  chosen  deacon.  The  membership  of  this  church  was  scattered  from 
Beecher's  Island  along  the  valley  almost  to  Knoxville,  a  few  residing  across  the  State 
line  on  the  north,  while  others  came  from  Brookfield  and  Farmington  townships. 
The  church  increased  in  membership,  and  in  August,  1834,  a  second  Congregational 
was  organized  at  Beecher's  Island,  by  Eev.  David  Slie.  September  26,  1834,  these 
two  churches  met  at  the  Eyon  school  house  and  united  into  a  church  to  be  called 
First  Congregational  Church  of  Elkland.  January  23,  1835,  at  the  house  of  Amasa 
Culver,  in  what  is  now  Kelson,  this  church  adopted  the  Presbyterian  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  became  a  church  of  that  denomination.  During  the  years  1830-33  the 
churches  mentioned  were  ministered  to  by  Eev.  Seth  John  Porter.  Octavius  Fitch 
came  in  1833  and  remained  one  year;  Oren  Johnson  came  in  1834  and  remained  two 
years. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Elkland  and  Osceola  is  the  successor  of  the  First 
Congregational  church  already  mentioned.  It  was  organized,  as  already  stated, 
January  23,  1835.  For  a  time  meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house  at  Elkland, 
in  the  Bulkley  school  house  in  Osceola,  in  Deacon  Elihu  Hill's  barn  and  in  private 
dwellings.  In  the  fall  of  1837  and  winter  of  1838  a  rough  board  structure,  32x48 
feet,  was  erected,  where  the  Presbyterian  church  now  stands,  on  land  given  by  John 
Eyon.  It  was  roofed  with  boards,  "looked  like  a  political  wigwam,"  and  was  called 
the  "Tabernacle."  There  were  forty-six  slips  or  pews  in  this  church,  each  pew 


ELKLAND    BOROUGH. 


393 


having  a  door.     The  pew  holders  were  stockholders,  and  held  their  pews  or  slips 
in  perpetuity.     One  of  the  certificates  of  stock  still  in  existence  reads  as  follows: 

This  certifies  that  Hannah  Stevens  has  become  a  stockholder  in  the  association 
known  as  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  and  Congregation,  of  Elkland,  to  the  amount 
of  twenty-five  dollars,  in  consideration  of  which  sum,  the  payment  of  which  is 
acknowledged,- Slip  No.  15,  valued  at  twenty-five  dollars,  in  the  house  of  worship  owned 
by  the  association  aforesaid,  is  hereby  conveyed  to  said  Hannah  Stevens,  her  heirs  and 
assigns,  forever. 

The  "Tabernacle"  burned  in  the  spring  of  1853,  and  was  not  rebuilt  until  1868. 
In  1851,  while  the  township  of  Elkland  still  existed,  and  before  there  was  any  terri- 
tory known  as  Osceola,  this  same  church  built  a  second  church  edifice  in  what  is  now 
Osceola,  in  which,  after  the  burning  of  the  church  in  Elkland,  services  were  held, 
as  well  as  occasionally  in  Elkland.  In  1868  a  building  used  as  a  union  church  by 
the  Presbyterians  and  Methodists  was  erected.  It  may  be  well  to  say  here  that  the 
church  in  Elkland  and  the  one  in  Osceola  form  one  society,  incorporated  December 
26, 1844,  as  "The  Presbyterian  Church  and  Congregation  of  Elkland,"  the  corporate 
name  being  changed  December  2,  1874,  to  "The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Elkland 
and  Osceola."  The  same  ministers  and  same  officers  have  served  both  congrega- 
tions. Ground  was  broken  for  the  present  church  building,  known  as  the  "Park- 
hurst  Memorial  Church,"  July  9,  1889.  It  is  located  on  the  original  church  lot,  is 
87x73  feet,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  costliest  church  buildings  in  northern 
Pennsylvania.  The  foundation  is  of  native  blue  stone,  the  masonry  being  broken- 
range,  rock-face  ashler.  The  edifice  proper  is  of  brick,  with  brown-stone  trimmings. 
The  architecture  is  an  adaption  of  the  Romanesque.  It  was  built  as  a  memorial  to 
the  late  Joel  Parkhurst,  by  the  members  of  the  Parkhurst  family,  consisting  of  B.  H. 
Parkhurst,  Mrs.  C.  L.  Pattison  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  Grier.  It  cost,  including  furnaces, 
organ,  etc.,  $17,000.  It  was  furnished  by  the  congregation  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  A 
pulpit  set,  costing  $130,  was  given  by  Mrs.  Rebecca  Parkhurst  and  L.  K.  Parkhurst 
as  a  memorial  to  John  Parkhurst.  The  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this 
church,  as  well  as  the  church  in  Osceola,  are  as  follows:  Revs.  E.  D.  Wells,  1835-36; 
Oren  Johnson,  1837-38;  Octavius  Fitch,  1839-40;  Darius  "Williams,  1841; 
Lewis  R.  Lockwood,  1842-44;  E.  Bronson,  1845;  D.  Harrower  and  John  Saylor, 
1848;  B.  P.  Pratt,  1849;  H.  E.  Woodcock,  1851;  Lewis  R.  Lockwood,  1852;  David 
M.  Smith,  1855;  Joel  Campbell,  1856;  Joshua  Lane  and  Thomas  S.  Dewing,  1857; 
Edward  Kennedy,  1858;  Elisha  Ely  Benedict,  1866,  and  John  Cairns,  1870.  Rev. 
Solomon  H.  Moore,  D.  D.,  the  present  pastor,  took  charge  in  1879.  Besides  the 
congregation  at  Osceola,  he  has  charge  of  the  church  in  Knoxville.  There  are  in 
the  church  in  Elkland  125  members,  and  in  the  Sunday-school  100  pupils.  A 
parsonage  costing  $1,500  was  purchased  in  1886. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  ETkland  was  incorporated  April  23, 
1879.  It  originated  in  a  class  organized  over  fifty  years  ago,  its  members  being 
drawn  from  the  church  at  Osceola,  at  that  time  in  the  Knoxville  charge.  The  first 
meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house.  In  1856  a  house  of  worship — used  as  a  union 
church — was  erected.  On  September  25,  1891,  the  present  building  was  dedicated. 
It  is  a  handsome  frame  edifice  and  cost  $5,800.  The  old  building  was  moved  back  of 
the  new  one  and  is  used  as  a  Sunday-school  room.     Since  its  organization  this  church 


394  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

kas  been  served  by  the  same  pastors  as  the  one  in  Osceola,  the  history  of  which  is 
given  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  that  borough.  The  church  now  numbers  about  135 
members,  with  about  sixty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  W.  E.  CorneUus 
is  superintendent. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  pioneer  cemetery  was  on  Barney  Hill.  Here  Mrs.  Permelia  Taylor  and  her 
sons,  Philip  and  Mitchell  Taylor,  and  other  early  settlers,  were  buried.  In  1882  the 
bodies  of  Mrs.  Taylor  and  her  sons  were  removed  to  Osceola  and  re-interred  in  the 
cemetery  at  that  place. 

The  Presbyterian  Graveyard  near  the  Presbyterian  church  is  another  early  burial 
place.  Interments  were  made  here  up  to  about  twelve  years  ago.  A  large  number 
of  those  who  died  in  Elkland  during  the  earlier  years  of  its  history  were  buried  in 
the  cemetery  at  Osceola. 

The  Highland  Cemetery  Association  of  ETkland  was  incorporated  January  36, 
1885,  by  L.  K.  Pajkhurst,  B.  H.  Pao-khurst,  G.  G.  Dorrance,  C.  L.  Pattison  and 
J.  S.  Eyon.  The  capital  stock  of  this  association  is  $3,000,  and  the  cemetery  owned 
and  controlled  by  it  is  situated  on  the  hillside  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough. 

SOCIETIES. 

Within  the  past  twenty-live  years  a  number  of  secret,  social  and  benevolent 
societies  have  been  organized  in  Elkland,  some  of  which  had  but  a  brief  existence. 
The  pioneer  society,  Elkland  Lodge,  No.  1360,  K.  of  H.,  was  organized  January  16, 
1879,  with  twelve  charter  members,  and  is  now  in  a  prosperous  condition.  Cowan- 
esque  Union,  No.  534,  E.  A.  U.,  was  organized  January  36,  1887,  and  has  a  good 
membership.  J.  Edgar  Parkhurst  Post,  No.  581,  G.  A.  E.,  was  organized  April  5, 
1889.  It  now  numbers  among  its  membership  twenty  veterans  of  the  CivU  War. 
Elkland  Tent,  No.  313,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  April  9,  1894,  with  twelve  mem- 
bers.    It  is  growing  and  prosperous. 


CHAPTEE  XXYIII. 

OSCEOLA  BOEOUGH. 

Borough  Organization— Unusual  Area— The  Village  of  Osceola— Physical 
Features— Streams— The  Word  "Cowanesqub"— Its  Derivation  and  Defini- 
tion—"Pindarville"— Origin  OF  Name— Population— Lands  and  Settle- 
ment—Early AND  Later  Industries— Inns  and  Hotels—  Schools— Borough 
Organization  and  Officials— Physicians— Churches— Cemeteries— Secret 
Societies. 


IN  January,  1857,  all  that  part  of  the  old  township  of  Elkland,  lying  -west  of  a  line 
extending  north  and  south  through  the  center  of  the  borough  of  Elkland,  was 
erected  iato  the  township  of  Osceola,  which,  in  1878,  acquired  a  large  accession  of 
territory  from  the  township  of  Deerfield,  giving  it  an  area  of  7,800  acres.  November 
29, 1882,  the  entire  township  was  incorporated  as  the  borough  of  Osceola,  thus  giving 
it  the  largest  territory  of  any  borough  in  the  county.  Like  Nelson,  Osceola  is  a  town- 
ship with  a  borough  organization,  the  greater  part  of  its  area  being  made  up  of 
farming  lands.  The  borough  center  is  in  the  village  of  Osceola,  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  Cowanesque  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Holden  brook.  The  elevation  here,  railroad 
grade,  is  1,166  feet,  the  hills  on  either  side  of  the  valley  rising  from  400  to  600  feet 
higher.  The  Cowanesque  river  follows  a  generally  northeast  course  through  the 
borough  territory,  leaving  the  larger  portion  of  its  area  to  the  north  of  the  stream. 
Between  the  north  bank  of  the  river  and  the  foot  of  the  hill,  extendingfrom the  mouth 
of  Holden  brook  to  Academy  Comers,  in  Deerfield  township,  a  distance  of  over  four 
miles,  is  an  island  of  varying  width  containing  about  1,600  acres,  to  the  existence 
of  which,  before  the  water  was  drained  off,  the  river  owes  its  name,  the  word  Cowan- 
esque meaning,  in  the  Indian  language,  "the  river  of  the  long  island."  Its  etymology 
is  thus  set  forth  by  Capt.  J.  W.  Powell,  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington, 
D.  C,  in  reply  to  a  letter  of  inquiry  from  Hon.  Charles  Tubbs,  of  Osceola: 

The^word  Cowanesque  seems  to  be  no  other  than  Ka-hwe-nes-ka,  the  etymology  and 
signification  of  which  is  as  follows  :  Co  for  Ka,  marking  grammatic  gender  and  meaning 
it;  wan,  for  hwe-n,  the  stem^of  |the  word  o-whe-na,  an  island;  es,  an  adjective,  meaning 
long;  que,  for  ike,  the  locative  proposition,  meaning  at  or  on;  the  whole  signifying  at  or  on 
the  long  island. 

The  island  conformation  is  still  partly  preserved  by  Island  Stream,  fed  by  springs 
and  creeks  from  the  north  hill.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the  river  are  Holden 
brook — ^named  after  William  Holden,  the  first  settler  at  its  mouth — and  Camp  brook 
on  the  north,  and  Windfall  brook  on  the  south.  Eed  House  Hollow  creek  is  a  tribu- 
tary of  Holden  brook,  and  Brier  Hill  creek  of  Windfall  brook.  That  portion  of  the 
borough  lying  in  the  river  valley  is  composed  of  level  alluvial  bottom  lands,  very 
fertile  and  productive;  that  lying  along  Holden  brook.  Windfall  brook,  and  on  either 


396  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

side  of  the  river  valley,  is  broken  and  hilly,  the  hills  terminating  in  a  series  of  abrupt 
elevated  knobs.  The  land  lying  just  east  of  the  village  of  Osceola  was  at  one  time 
a  swamp,  which  was  reduced  by  ditching  into  Camp  brook. 

Before  the  establishment  of  the  postof&ee  in  1851,  what  is  now  the  village  of 
Osceola  was  known  as  "Pindaxville,"  due  to  the  fact  that  in  1840  Robert  H.  Tubbs 
contributed  some  poetic  effusions  to  the  Lawrence  Sentinel,  dating  them  from  "Pin- 
darville."  The  name  attached  itself  to  the  place  and  was  in  common  use  for  ten 
years.  When  an  application  for  the  establishment  of  a  postoffice  was  made,  the 
names  "Pindarville,"  "Bridgeport"  and  "Osceola"  were  suggested.  A  public  meeting 
decided  in  favor  of  "Osceola,"  the  name  of  the  once  famous  Seminole  chief.  The 
name  was  afterwards  applied  to  the  township  and  later  to  the  borough. 

Notwithstanding  its  extensive  area  the  greater  portion  of  the  population  of  the 
borough  is  within  the  limits  of  the  village  of  Osceola.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in 
1860  was  450;   1870,  533;   1880,  790,  and  in  1890,  838. 

LANDS    AND    SETTLEMENT. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  lands  within  the  borough  boundaries  of  Osceola  were 
purchased  from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  by,  and  were  patented  to,  John  and 
James  Strawbridge.  Warrants,  covering  other  tracts,  were  issued  to  William  Lloyd, 
Eobert  Blackwell,  T.  M.  Willing  and  Thomas  Willing.  Bach  of  the  tracts  purchased 
by  John  and  James  Strawbridge  bore  a  distinguishing  name.  Those  covered  in  part 
by  the  village  of  Osceola  were  named  "Chatham"  and  "Huntingdon."  The  others 
bore  such  names  as  "Coventry,"  "Cornwall,"  "Colchester,"  "Confidence,"  "Pleasant 
Valley,"  "Spring  Garden"  and  "St.  James."  The  warrants  for  the  first  five  of  these 
tracts  were  obtained  May  17,  1785,  and  the  surveys  for  "Chatham"  and  "Hunting- 
don" made  June  32,  for  "Coventry"  and  "Cornwall"  June  23,  "and  for  "Colchester" 
September  2,  1786.  The  surveys  of  the  other  tracts  were  made  in  1792,  1793  and 
1794.  In  naming  their  tracts  the  Strawbridges  followed  an  English  fashion.  To 
these  original  grantees  from  the  State  the  present  owners  of  the  lands  within  the 
borough  limits  trace  their  titles. 

As  was  the  ease  in  many  other  places  in  the  county,  the  permanent  settlers  of 
Osceola  were  preceded  by  those  who  made  but  a  temporary  stay,  whose  names  even 
have  not,  in  all  cases,  been  preserved.  They  were  usually  squatters,  who  embraced 
the  first  opportunity  to  sell  out  and  move  further  west,  leaving  to  others  the  task  of 
clearing  and  cultivating  the  lands.  The  first  actual  settler,  who  came  to  stay,  was 
William  Holden,  who  had  made  a  previous  settlement  at  Lawrenceville,  as  early  as 
1788.  Holden,  who  was  a  bachelor,  came  about  1795  and  built  his  cabin  on  the 
eastern  bank  of  Holden  brook — which  was  named  for  him — near  its  mouth,  within 
the  present  village  of  Osceola.  His  main  employment  was  building  post  and  rail 
fences  for  new  settlers.  Following  William  Holden  came  a  number  of  temporary 
settlers,  some  of  whom  came  before  1800,  and  all  of  whom  had  moved  elsewhere  not 
much  later  than  1810.  Among  these  was  Cooper  Cady,  who  settled  on  the  Cowan- 
esque  near  the  Elkland  borough  line,  and  who  afterwards  removed  to  Troupsburg, 
New  York.  Then  came  Caleb  Griggs,  who  built  a  cabin  on  the  Cowanesque  below 
the  Tubbs  grist  mill.  A  man  named  Smith  became  the  first  settler  on  the  John 
Tubbs  place.     Griggs  and  Smith  died  and  were  buried  here.     The  second  settler 


OSCEOLA    BOROUGH.  397 


upon  the  village  site  of  Osecola  was  Nathaniel  White,  whose  deed  from  George 
Strawhridge,  as  administrator  and  owner,  was  dated  December  31,  1807.  Daniel 
Phillips  was  the  first  settler  near  the  mouth  of  the  Island  Stream,  and  James  Whitney 
on  the  Charles  L.  Hoyt  place.  Whitney  sold  his  land  to  Henry  Mott.  White, 
Phillips  and  Mott  afterwards  removed  to  Marietta,  Ohio.  John  Parker,  a  Mr.  Kan- 
dall,  Nathan  Lewis,  who  made  a  clearing,  still  known  as  "Lewis'  lot,"  on  the  hill  side, 
north  of  Osceola,  and  a  man  named  Sesher,  were  also  temporary  settlers.  Sesher 
had  a  cabin  on  Island  Stream.  It  burned  one  night  about  1800,  and  he  was  never 
seen  or  heard  of  afterwards.  There  were  rumors  of  foul  play,  but  the  guilt  of  the 
crime,  if  crime  there  was,  was  never  fixed  on  anyone. 

In  1800  Israel  Bulkley  came  from  his  native  town  of  Colchester,  Massachusetts, 
and  settled  upon  the  tract  previously  occupied  by  Sesher's  cabin.  He  also  purchased 
the  possession  of  Eandall.  Bulkley  had  a  Connecticut  title,  but  afterwards  purchased 
the  land  from  the  owner  of  the  Pennsylvania  title.  He  was  a  man  of  means  and 
enterprise  and  brought  with  him  from  Connecticut  an  improved  breed  of  cattle  and 
other  live  stock,  established  a  blacksmith  shop,  dealt  in  merchandise,  built  a  grist 
mill,  carding  mill  and  distillery,  and  was  a  land  surveyor  and  an  agent  for  the  Straw- 
bridge  estate.  He  planted  a  nursery  from  which  the  first  orchards  in  Tioga  county 
were  raised.  He  was  the  owner  of  a  negro  female  slave,  whose  freedom  was  subse- 
quently purchased  by  one  of  her  own  race. 

The  Taylor  family,  consisting  of  Mrs.  Permelia  Taylor  and  her  three  sons, 
Ebenezer,  Philip  and  Mitchell,  emigrated  first  from  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  in 
New  Jersey,  to  the  Wyoming  valley,  where  they  participated  ia  the  Pennamite  War; 
from  thence  to  Pipe  Creek,  below  Owego,  and  in  1806  to  the  Cowanesque  valley. 
They  first  settled  at  Barney  Hill,  below  Elkland.  Ebenezer  first  bought  out  Caleb 
Griggs  in  Osceola,  but  soon  sold  to  his  brother  Philip.  He  next  bought  the  farm 
known  as  the  John  Tubbs  farm,  which  he  sold  to  Eobert  Tubbs.  His  third  purchase 
was  the  farm  of  Henry  Mott,  known  as  the  C.  L.  Hoyt  farm.  Here  he  made  his 
home  and  resided  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

Paul  Gleason,  a  native  of  Charleston,  Massachusetts,  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  George  Baker.  His  father,  Abner  Gleason,  came  later.  He  was  the  first 
shoemaker  here,  and  established  a  shop  in  front  and  a  little  to  the  east  of  the  residence 
of  Charles  Tubbs.  In  front  of  this  shop  was  the  only  grindstone  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. Lemuel  Cady,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  a  carpenter,  came  about  1810,  but 
removed  to  Farmington  township  in  1813. 

The  Tubbs  family  came  into  the  Cowanesque  valley  from  Newtown,  now  Elmira, 
New  York,  in  1811.  Samuel,  Sr.,  and  his  sons  Samuel,  James  and  Benjamin, 
located  in  Elkland.  Eobert,  as  already  stated,  purchased  a  farm  from  Ebenezer 
Taylor,  in  Osceola,  living  the  first  year  in  a  small  log  house  near  the  site  of  the  grist 
mill.  In  1817  Samuel  Tubbs,  Jr.,  removed  from  Elkland  and  purchased  part  of  the 
Daniel  Phillips  farm.  Nathaniel  Seely,  a  native  of  Southport,  New  York,  came  in 
1812,  and  purchased  the  farm  of  Nathaniel  White — upon  which  the  main  part  of 
the  village  of  Osceola  is  built — and  later  the  Nathan  Lewis  lot.  He  was  a  farmer, 
an  early  hotel  keeper,  and  justice  of  the  peace  from  1830  to  1840. 

Andrew  Bozzard  (now  spelled  "Bosard"),  a  native  of  what  is  now  Monroe 
county,  Pennsylvania,  came  in  1813,  and  purchased  a  part  of  the  farm  originally 


398  HISTOEY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

occupied  by  John  Parker.  He  was  the  first  carpenter  and  joiner  to  become  a  perma- 
nent settler.  He  became  a  saw-mill  owner  and  a  manufacturer  of  household 
furniture,  spinning  wheels  and  cofiins.  In  1823  Stennett  Crandall,  a  native  of 
Ehode  Island,  and  a  shoemaker,  settled  on  the  B.  P.  Colvin  farm  on  Holden  brook. 
Here  he  had  a  shop  in  his  dwelling  and  worked  at  his  trade.  Abel  Hoyt  came  in 
1835  and  bought  a  part  of  the  Parker  farm.  Eeuben  Cook,  to  whom  a  more  extended 
reference  is  made  in  the  chapter  on  Nelson,  returned  to  the  valley  in  1830,  from 
Marietta,  Ohio,  and  became  a  resident  of  Osceola,  remaining  until  his  death,  June 
25,  1829. 

EARLY  AND  LATEK  INDUSTEIES. 

The  first  saw-mill  within  the  borough  boundaries  was  built  between  1812  and 
1816  by  Ebenezer  Taylor  and  Andrew  Bozzard  on  Holden  brook,  about  a  mile  above 
its  mouth.  This  mill  was  burned  in  the  latter  year.  In  1828  Andrew  Bozzard 
and  Trimian  Crandall  erected  a  mUl  half  a  mile  further  up  the  stream.  Mr.  Bozzard 
soon  afterward  became  the  sole  owner  of  this  mill,  which  was  operated  by  him  until 
1852,  and  after  that  by  his  son,  Arthur  TP.  Bosard.  In  1837  Robert  Tubbs  erected 
a  saw-mill  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  near  the  Elkland  borough  line. 
This  mill  is  still  in  operation  and  is  now  owned  by  L.  B.  Cadogan.  It  has  been 
several  times  enlarged  and  improved.  In  1849  a  saw-mill  was  built  near  the  mouth 
of  Island  Stream,  by  Culver  &  Slosson,  and  was  driven  by  water  brought  in  a  race 
from  the  Cowanesque  river.  It  burned  in  1860.  A  steam  saw-mill,  driven  by  a 
thirty-horse-power  engine  and  rigged  with  a  circular  saw,  was  built  in  1864  by  George 
Sharp  Bonham  on  Holden  brook,  and  was  run  up  to  a  few  years  ago. 

Israel  Bulkley  erected  a  flutter-wheel  grist  mill  in  1814,  the  water  being  taken 
from  the  Cowanesque  river  in  a  race  to  the  Island  Stream.  This  mill  site  was 
north  of  the  Charles  Bulkley  residence.  It  had  one  run  of  buhrs  and  was  operated 
until  1829.  In  1850  Eobert  Tubbs  built  a  four-run  grist  mill  near  his  saw-mill. 
Since  1871  steam  power  has  been  used  during  low  water  in  the  river.  This  mill 
descended  to  H.  and  J.  Tubbs,  sons  of  Eobert,  and  has  had  several  owners.  It  is 
now  owned  and  operated  by  L.  B.  Cadogan. 

A  log  distillery  was  built  previous  to  1812  by  Israel  Bulkley  near  his  grist  mill. 
He  paid  one  dollar  a  bushel  for  com,  and  whiskey  was  correspondingly  high.  He 
quit  the  business  before  1816.  Andrew  Bozzard  built  a  log  distillery  in  1816  on  the 
highway  in  front  of  the  Alvers  Bosard  residence,  getting  water  from  a  spring  on  the 
north  side  of  the  road.  He  ran  this  distillery  about  six  years.  In  1818  George 
Parker  built  a  distillery,  also  of  logs,  on  the  north  side  of  the  road,  opposite  the  C. 
B.  Hoyt  residence,  which  he  operated  until  1824.  It  became  a  popular  drinking 
resort. 

A  carding  null  was  erected  in  1814  by  Israel  Bulkley.  It  was  driven  by  the  water 
power  used  at  his  grist  mill.  In  connection  with  it  he'  also  had  a  fulling  mill,  both 
in  charge  of  Henry  B.  Trowbridge.  In  1827  Josiah  Holcomb  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  wooden  ware  in  Osceola,  procuring  black  ash  knots  from  the  swamp  and 
fashioning  them  into  sugar  bowls,  salt  dishes  and  whiskey  kegs,  some  of  which  are 
still  preserved  in  the  homes  of  the  old  families.  A  potash  manufactory  was  estab- 
lished in  1839  by  Eobert  Tubbs.     In  1841  he  added  a  pearling  oven  to  his  works. 


OSCEOLA   BOEOUGH.  399 


He  hauled  the  potash  and  peaxlash  to  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  Williamsport,  Penn- 
sylvania, whence  they  were  shipped  to  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  He  operated 
his  works  until  1843.  In  1827  he  hegan  the  manufacture  of  brick,  continuing  at 
InterTals  for  a  number  of  years,  and  in  1839  built  one  of  the  first  brick  houses  erected 
in  Tioga  county.  The  mason  work  was  done  by  Stephen  Potter,  of  Potter  Brook. 
This  house  is  still  standing,  in  good  repair,  and  is  used  as  a  residence.  Andrew  K. 
Bosard  began  the  manufacture  of  brick  in  1848,  and  continued  about  twenty-five 
years,  when  he  sold  out  to  Henry  Seely,  who  ceased  business  about  1880.  A  kiln 
of  limestone  was  burned  in  1848,  on  Holden  brook,  by  Philip  Taylor.  The  quality 
of  the  lime  was  poor  and  the  enterprise  abandoned.  Two  kilns  of  tar  were  burned 
in  1838  by  Isaac  Van  Zile,  who  hauled  his  knots  and  pitch-pine  wood  from  Norway 
Eidge.  He  continued  the  business  two  or  three  years.  A  few  kilns  of  tar  were  also 
burned  in  1839  by  Jacob  Eowley,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Charles  Tubbs.  Char- 
coal was  burned  as  early  as  1810  by  Israel  Bulkley.  Until  coal  came  into  use,  it  was 
used  for  blacksmithing,  and  charcoal  pits  were  generally  put  up  and  burned  by  the 
blacksmiths. 

The  first  blacksmith  shop  was  built  in  1810  by  Henry  Mott.  In  1815  Godfrey 
Bowman  built  a  small  log  shop,  which  he  carried  on  until  1818,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Bela  Graves,  who  made  a  specialty  of  cutting  tools  and  trap  springs. 
Bartholomew  Thing  opened  a  shop  in  1833,  and  was  succeeded  by  Lewis  Lowell 
Carr,  who  worked  at  his  trade  here  from  1834  to  1830.  About  1835  George  Bulkley 
established  a  shop  on  his  farm — ^later  a  part  of  the  Charles  Bulkley  farm — and 
carried  it  on  until  1850.  In  1828  William  Barker  built  a  shop,  and  carried  it  on 
until  1860,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  George.  In  1850  Oliver  Eice  GifEord 
opened  a  shop  which  he  carried  on  for  many  years.  All  these  shops,  except  that  of 
George  Bulkley,  were  in  the  village  of  Osceola. 

The  Banking  House  of  Morgan  Seely  was  established  in  1877  and  has  been 
successfully  conducted  by  its  founder  ever  since.  It  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being 
a  safe  and  sound  financial  institution.  On  April  1,  1897,  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  Cowanesque  Valley  Bank,  with  Morgan  Seely,  president;  Frank  J.  Seely, 
vice-president,  and  Ed.  M.  Seely,  cashier. 

Two  attempts  to  discover  petroleum  oil  at  Osceola  have  been  made,  and  two 
wells  sunk,  but  without  success.  The  first  was  made  in  1865,  when  the  Osceola  Oil 
and  Mining  Company — chartered  July  34,  1865 — was  organized  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $500,000,  the  incorporators  being  B.  P.  Paxton,  S.  P.  Wolverton,  J.  E. 
Barker  and  H.  S.  Marr,  of  Northumberland  and  Schuylkill  counties,  Pennsylvania. 
A  well  was  drilled  to  the  depth  of  800  feet  on  the  Charles  Bulkley  farm,  by  Joseph 
Barker,  but  no  oil  was  found.  In  1879  a  stock  company  was  formed,  the  ofiicers 
of  which  were  Hoyt  Tubbs,  president;  Charles  Tubbs,  secretary,  and  Morgan  Seely, 
treasurer.  A  test  well  was  drilled  by  Hoyt  Tubbs  on  the  lands  of  Allen  Seely,  to 
a  depth  of  1,300  feet  without  striking  oil.     The  well  was  then  abandoned. 

In  1853  Hoyt  Tubbs  and  Truman  Crandall  erected  a  tannery  on  the  Cowanesque 
river,  opposite  the  mill  pond.  Mr.  Crandall  disposed  of  his  interest  to  Lyman  P. 
Hoyt  in  1857.  He  conducted  the  business  until  1860,  from  which  time  until  1864 
the  tannery  lay  idle.  In  the  latter  year  Eobert  Hammond  leased  the  property. 
In  March,  1866,  the  building  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  never  rebuilt.     In  1866 


400  HISTOEY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

E.  Hammond  &  Company  built  the  present  tannery  upon  Holden  brook  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  village  of  Osceola  and  operated  it  until  May  1,  1893,  when 
it  passed  into  the  control  of  the  Union  Tanning  Company.  The  output  of  this 
tannery  averages  about  100  sides  of  sole  leather  a  day.  The  superintendent  is 
Eobert  Hammond,  and  the  foreman  John  Duly. 

In  1854  Enoch  M.  Steen  and  Eleazer  Clark  built  a  sash,  blind  and  door  fac- 
tory, which  they  operated  until  1863,  when  they  sold  out  to  Hoyt  Tubbs  and  V.  C. 
Phelps.  This  factory  was  operated  until  1872,  when  it  shut  down,  having  had 
various  owners.  In  1873  a  cheese  factory  was  established  on  Holden  brook  by 
William  Bosard  and  James  F.  James.  In  1875  it  was  purchased  by  Hoyt  Tubbs 
and  A.  F.  Eose,  who  conducted  it  until  1877,  when  it  shut  down. 

INNS    AND    HOTELS. 

The  first  "Inn"  was  opened  in  Osceola  in  1813  by  Nathaniel  Seely.  No  liquor 
license  was  required  in  those  days  and  the  public  patronized  the  bar  as  well  as  sought 
his  place  for  the  purpose  of  being  fed  and  lodged.  He  continued  in  the  business 
until  1830.  In  1834  George  Parker  opened  a  house.  He  was  succeeded  in  1830 
by  Aaron  Buck.  The  place  was  purchased  by  Abel  Hoyt  in  1835,  who  closed  it 
as  a  house  of  public  entertainment.  The  Osceola  House  was  built  on  the  site  of 
the  present  hotel  in  1851  by  Allen  Seely,  who  kept  it  until  1861.  He  had  numerous 
successors,  among  them  James  Atherton,  Joseph  Weaver,  Charles  Culver,  John 
S.  Seely,  Stewart  Daily,  W.  E.  Cooper,  Benjamin  B.  Barse,  Charles  Graham,  James 
Martin,  Eugene  0.  Martin,  Arthur  P.  Bosard  and  Hoyt  Tubbs.  This  house  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1870,  and  rebuilt  in  1873,  from  which  time  until  1882  it  was 
known  as  the  Bosard  House,  when  it  resumed  its  former  name.  It  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1888.  In  December,  1891,  the  present  Osceola  House,  erected  by  William 
Wildrick,  was  opened,  with  W.  A.  Newcomb  as  landlord.  Since  the  spring  of  1895 
it  has  been  kept  by  W.  E.  Colvin. 

SCHOOLS. 

Majy  Ann  Landon,  the  first  teacher  in  Osceola,  taught  school  in  1813  in  an 
old  log  house  upon  the  Island  Stream,  near  the  residence  of  Abel  Hoyt.  Among  her 
pupils  were  Ira  Bulkley,  Hiram  Bulkley,  Horace  Hill,  Elisha  Hill,  Benjamin  Hill, 
Edwin  Hill,  Ann  Tubbs,  Julia  Gleason  and  Nelson  Gleason.  This  was  a  charac- 
teristic, primitive,  pioneer  school.  The  children  living  east  of  Holden  brook  crossed 
that  stream  on  a  fallen  tree,  there  being  no  bridges.  Prom  1814  to  1833  an 
old  log  shop,  in  front  of  the  Vine  Crandall  residence,  was  used  for  school  pur- 
poses. Still  later  another  log  house  west  of  John  Tubbs'  residence  was  fitted  up 
for  school  purposes,  and  also  one  on  the  site  of  the  present  Methodist  church. 
Schools  were  also  kept  in  the  dwelling  houses  of  Eobert  Tubbs  and  William  Barker. 
The  Bulkley  school  house  was  erected  in  1822  and  was  the  first  building  erected  for 
school  purposes.  It  was  used  for  twenty  years.  Among  the  early  teachers  in  these 
various  schools  were  John  Hammond,  1813;  Jonathan  Bonney,  1814;  Chester  Gid- 
dings,  1815;  Mahala  Seelye,  1816;  Caroline  Gardner,  1817;  Nathaniel  Seely,  1818- 
19;  Martin  Stevens,  1830;  William  P.  Gardner,  1821;  Amasa  Smith,  1833;  Elihu  Hill, 
1833;  John  Smith,  1834,  and  Polly  Howland,  1825.    In  1836  a  new  school  house 


OSCEOLA    BOKOUGH.  401 


was  built  on  the  road  leading  toward  Camp  brook.  It  was  burned  in  1845.  Here 
taught  Andrew  Keller  Bosard,  Eobert  H.  Tubbs,  Lavina  Leonard,  Elizabeth  Tubbs, 
Mary  Stull,  Harriet  Beebe,  Edwin  E.  Hill  and  Sally  Tubbs.  From  1845  to  1850 
school  was  held  in  old  houses  in  the  village.  In  1849  a  new  school  house  was  built 
upon  Holden  brook  by  subscription,  and  in  1859  the  subscribers  deeded  it  to  the 
Osceola  school  district.  It  was  used  as  a  school  house  until  1869.  In  1871  the 
present  school  building  was  erected,  at  a  cost  for  the  lot  of  $200  and  for  the  building 
lA  $3,000.  It  has  since  been  improved  to  meet  the  increasing  demands  of  the 
district.  From  1888  until  1896  this  school  was  in  charge  of  Prof.  Artemas  Edwards, 
an  experienced  and  able  ediicator.  The  present  principal  is  Hugh  Sherwood.  In 
1845  a  school  house  was  built  by  H.  B.  Cilley  in  the  Brier  Hill  district.  It  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1866  and  rebuilt.  In  1878,  by  the  addition  to  its  area  of  a  por- 
tion of  Deerfield  township,  Osceola  township,  as  it  was  then,  and  borough,  as  it 
is  now,  acquired  the  Holden  brook  district  and  school  house,  a  portion  of  Bulkley 
District,  No.  2,  and  of  District  No.  11,  then  of  Deerfield  township. 

TJie  Osceola  High  School  was  established  in  December,  1860,  for  the  purpose 
of  affording  facilities  for  pursuing  an  academic  education.  The  enterprise  was 
set  on  foot  by  a  number  of  leading  citizens,  who  subscribed  the  necessary  money, 
the  second  and  third  stories  of  the  H.  &  J.  Tubbs  block  being  fitted  up  for  chapel, 
recitation  rooms,  and  apartments  for  non-resident  students.  The  school  opened 
Avith  100  students  in  December,  1860.  The  faculty  was  composed  of  Anderson 
Eobert  Wightman,  A.  B.,  principal;  Samuel  E.  Thayer,  A.  B.,  assistant  principal; 
Jane  A.  Stanton  Wightman,  preceptress;  Mary  Abigail  Stanton,  assistant  pre- 
ceptress; Prof.  Isaac  Grunn  Hoyt,  instructor"  in  iausie.  A  large  boarding  house 
containing  twenty-four  rooms,  known  as  "The  Castle  on  the  Hill,"  was  built  in  1861, 
and  an  equipment  of  philosophical  apparatus  purchased.  Various  changes  in  the 
faculty  were  made  up  to  1866,  when  the  school  was  formally  closed  and  was  suc- 
ceded  by  a  select  school,  taught  in  1867-68  by  James  Huntington  Bosard,  and  in 
1869-70  by  Charies  C.  Ward. 

The  Osceola  School  of  Musical  Instruction  was  opened  in  1872  by  Prof.  Isaac 
Gunn  Hoyt.  It  existed  four  years,  both  vocal  and  instrumental  music  being  taught, 
and  diplomas  awarded  those  taking  a  full  course  of  instructions. 

BOBOTJGH    OEGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  towiiship  of  Osceola  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  Novamber  24,  1883, 
and  the  first  election  held  in  February,  1883.  The  office  of  burgess  has  been  filled 
by  the  following  named  persons:  Eobert  Hammond,  1883;  James  Tubbs,  1884; 
M.  L.  Bonham,  1885-86;  Eobert  Hammond,  1887;  Albert  L.  Tubbs,  1888-90; 
Hiram  Taylor,  1891-93;  C.  W.  Morgan,  1894-96,  and  D.  Baxter,  elected  in  1897. 
Hon.  Charles  Tubbs  has  held  the  position  of  clerk  since  the  organization  of  the 
borough. 

During  the  years  Osceola  was  a  township,  the  folowing  named  persons  served 
as  justices  of  the  peace:  Isaac  B.  Taft,  1857;  Lyman  P.  Hoyt,  1858;  A.  K  Bosard, 
1860;  re-elected,  1865,  1871,  1875;  Norman  Strait,  1861;  re-elected,  1866;  E.  E. 
Bosworth,  1870;    C.  L.  Hoyt,  1872;    Morgan  Seely,  1876;    J.  "W.  Hammond,  1879; 

26 


402  HISTOEY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

0.  S.  Kimball,  1880;  Morgan  Seely,  1882.  Since  its  incorporation  as  a  borough  the 
office  has  been  held  by  the  following  named  persons:  0.  S.  Kimball,  1885;  C.  R. 
Taylor,  1886;  re-elected,  1891;  L.  P.  Davis,  1891;  James  A.  Eogers,  1893;  Frank 
E.  Hazlett,  1894. 

A  postoffice  was  established  at  Osceola  February  16,  1852.  The  office  of  post- 
master has  been  filled  by  the  following  persons:  Enos  Slosson,  appointed  April  3, 
1852;  James  Mapes,  September  2,  1856;  Joseph  Barker,  March  28,  1859;  H.  C. 
Bosworth,  August  7,  1861;  Edward  E.  Bosworth,  January  6,  1871;  C.  H.  Bosworth, 
April  29,  1879;  L.  P.  Davis,  May  30,  1886;  Ella  Strait,  April  1,  1890;  James  A. 
Eodgers,  July  25,  1892,  and  James  Kelly,  August  1,  1896. 

PHYSICIANS. 

The  wife  of  Eeuben  Cook,  familiarly  known  as  "Granny  Cook,"  though  not  a 
recognized  member  of  the  medical  profession,  had  a  large  obstetrical  practice  during 
the  first  quarter  of  the  present  century.  Her  fee  was  invariably  one  pound  of  tea. 
The  first  regular  physician,  however,  to  locate  at  Osceola  was  Adolphus  Allen,  who 
practiced  here  from  1813  to  1816.  Henry  C.  Bosworth,  a  native  of  Vernon, 
New  York,  who  graduated  from  Geneva  Medical  College  in  1837,  located 
at  Osceola  in  1852,  and  continued  to  practice  until  his  death,  December  5,  1870. 
William  W.  Day,  a  homeopathist,  located  at  Osceola  in  1855,  and  remained  until 
the  autumn  of  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin.  In  April,  1857, 
Dr.  William  T.  Humphrey,  a  graduate  of  the  Albany  Medical  College,  removed 
from  Elkland  to  Osceola,  and  still  continues  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession. 
Adelbert  J.  Heggie,  who  acquired  his  "medical  education  in  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and 
in  the  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  located  at  Osceola  in  1866,  remaining 
about  twenty  years.  Wilmot  G.  Humphrey,  a  son  of  Dr.  William  T.  Humphrey, 
graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in 
1880,  and  immediately  began  practice  at  Osceola.  In  1890  he  removed  to  Elkland. 
Charles  H.  Bosworth,  a  son  of  Dr.  Henry  C.  Bosworth,  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Osceola,  March  1,  1882,  and  has  continued  as  a  resident  physician  to 
the  present  time.  Dr.  T.  N.  Eockwell  practiced  here  from  August  1  to  October  1, 
1886,  and  then  removed  to  Elkland.  Dr.  E.  E.  Clark,  now  a  resident  physician, 
began  practice  in  Osceola  in  May,  1893. 

CHUECHES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Osceola,  incorporated  August  25,  1879, 
was  organized  sometime  during  the  twenties,  and  was  the  outgrowth  of  early  camp 
meetings  to  which  the  settlers  flocked  from  near  and  far.  The  earliest  laborer  in 
this  field  appears  to  have  been  Capt.  Ebenezer  Taylor,  who  was  a  local  preacher. 
His  co-laborers  were  David  Jay  and  Elihu  Hill.  Meetings  were  held  in  cabins,  in 
barns,  in  school  houses  and  in  the  open  air.  The  first  camp  meeting  was  held  on 
the  river  bank  on  the  farm  of  George  Newton  Bulkley,  in  September,  1828,  and 
was  in  charge  of  Eev.  Parker  Buell,  presiding  elder.  Eev.  Samuel  Conant,  Peter 
Sliter  and  others  participated  in  this  meeting.  Another  camp  meeting  was  held 
in  September,  1829,  and  a  third  one  in  1835,  at  each  of  which  a  number  of  persons 
were  converted.     Presiding  Elder  Abel  conducted  the  second,  assisted  by  Eevs. 


OSCEOLA    BOROUGH.  403 


Asa  Orcutt,  Amos  Carey  and  John  Copeland.  The  third  was  conducted  by  Eev. 
Nathan  Fellows,  assisted  by  Eev.  Darius  Williams  and  others.  From  1861  to  1868 
the  society  worshiped  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  1867  the  society  was  organ- 
ized anew  under  the  name  of  "The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Osceola." 
February  35,  1868,  a  church  building,  costing  $3,000,  was  dedicated,  and  in  1881  a 
parsonage  built  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  The  names  of  the  ministers,  so  far  as  it  has  been 
possible  to  ascertain  them,  who  have  served  this  church  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  Asa 
Orcutt,  Amos  Carey,  John  Copeland,  Caleb  Kendall  and  I.  J.  B.  McKinney,  1830 
to  1830;  Eevs.  Bell,  Dewey,  Nathan  Fellows,  David  Fellows,  Theodore  McElhany 
and  Ealph  D.  Brooks,  1830  to  1840;  Francis  W.  Conable,  Milo  Scott,  Samuel  Nichols 
John  Abbott,  J.  L.  S.  Grandin  and  Henry  Bascom  Turk,  1840  to  1850;  A.  D.  Edgar, 
Austin  P.  Davison,  James  Duncan,  1854;  Samuel  Nichols,  1855;  E.  L.  Stillwell, 
S.  P.  Guernsey  and  Elisha  Sweet,  1850  to  1860;  C.  L.  F.  Howe,  1861;  C.  Dillenbeck, 
1862-63;  William  E.  Pindar,  1864;  0.  B.  Weaver,  1865-67;  Isaac  Everitt,  1868-70; 
J.  H.  Blades,  1871-72;  Q.  C.  Jones,  1873-74;  Henry  C.  Moyer,  1875-77;  F.  M.  Smith, 
1878;  W.  D.  Taylor,  1879-81;  S.  M.  Dayton,  1882-83;  D.  W.  Gates,  1884;  C.  M. 
Gardner,  1885-86;  J.  0.  Jarman,  1887-90;  I.  K.  Libby,  1891-95,  and  John  Segwalt, 
who  took  charge  in  October,  1895.  The  church  now  numbers  about  100  members. 
There  are  sixty-five  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  A.  Cadogan  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

CEMETBEIES. 

Those  of  the  first  settlers  who  died  between  1795  and  1815  were  buried  on  a 
triangular-shaped  piece  of  groimd  on  the  west  bank  of  Holden  brook  near  its  mouth. 
Eude,  inscribed  stones  marked  their  resting  places.  These  were  broken  down  and 
destroyed  between  1848  and  1860,  during  which  time  the  site  of  this  old  burial 
ground  was  occupied  as  Culver  &  Slosson's  mill  yard.  The  land  is  now  cultivated 
as  a  garden.  Here  were  buried  Cooper  Cady's  wife,  a  Mr.  Smith,  Caleb  Griggs  and 
wife.  Baker  Pierce,  three  children  of  Daniel  Phillips,  and  others. 

The  Osceola  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  April  21,  1876,  the  follow- 
ing named  persons  being  the  officers  and  incorporators:  Eobert  Hammond,  presi- 
dent; Eussell  Crandall,  secretary  and  treasurer;  and  C.  E.  Taylor,  E.  E.  Bosworth 
and  George  Tubbs.  The  grounds  of  this  association  are  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Cowanesque  road,  west  of  the  village.  They  are  inclosed  with  a  neat  and  tasteful 
picket  fence.  Above  the  ornamental  entrance  gate  is  the  inscription,  "Man  goeth  to 
his  long  home."  The  first  person  buried  within  this  inclosure  was  Abner  Gleason, 
who  died  about  1812,  an'd  who  was  the  owner  of  the  land.  In  another  grave  lie  the 
remains  of  Nathaniel  P.  Moody,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier  and  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College.  Here  also  lie  the  remains  of  Eeuben  Cook,  the  pioneer,  of  Sarah  Cole, 
his  wife;  Eeuben,  his  son,  and  Phelind,  his  son's  wife.  Here  also  rest  the  remains 
of  members  of  the  Taylor,  Tubbs,  Gleason,  Bosard,  Crandall  and  other  pioneer 
families,  whose  graves  are  cared  for  and  whose  memories  are  held  in  veneration 
and  esteem  by  their  living  descendants. 

Holden  BrooTc  Cemetery  is  an  inclosure  of  about  an  acre  of  ground,  on  the 
Philip  S.  Taylor  farm.     The  first  person  to  be  buried  here  was  Silas  Overfield 


404  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Taylor,  -who  died  in  1855,  since  which  time  the  place  has  been  free  for  burial  pur- 
poses to  the  public. 

Fairview  Cemetery  Associaiion,  with  a  capital  of  $3,000,  was  incorporated 
October  2, 1883,  the  incorporators  being  Albert  Dearman,  Knoxville;  Morgan  Seely, 
Osceola,  and  0.  P.  Babcoek,  Elkland.  The  grounds  of  this  association  adjoin  those 
of  the  Osceola  Cemetery  Association  and  are  tastefully  laid  out  for  burial  purposes. 

SECEET    SOCIETIES. 

Osceola  is  the  meeting  place  of  a  number  of  representative  secret  societies,  all 
of  which  are  well  attended  and  prosperous.  Osceola  Lodge,  No.  421,  F.  &  A.  M., 
was  organized  July  32, 1868,  and  now  numbers  thirty-three  members.  Capt.  Alfred 
J.  Sofield  Post,  jSTo.  49,  G.  A.  E.,  was  organized  January  18,  1876,  and  is  one  of 
the  oldest  posts  in  the  county.  Osceola  Lodge,  No.  843,  K.  of  H.,  was  organized 
January  8,  1878,  and  Vidette  Lodge,  No.  115,  K.  &  L.  of  H.,  December  20,  1878. 
The  former  has  tjventy-four  and  the  latter  forty-eight  members.  Osceola  Union, 
No.  219,  E.  A.  U.,  was  organized  January  18,  1881j  and  Osceola  Tent,  No.  160, 
K.  0.  T.  M.,  April  4,  1893.    The  latter  now  has  upwards  of  sixty  members. 


CHAPTEK  XXIX. 

NELSON  BOEOUGH. 

Organization— Area  and  Boundaries— Streams— Physical  Features— Early 
Settlers— Manufacturing  and  Business  Enterprises— Borough  Organiza- 
tion AND  Officials— Physicians— Schools— Churches  and  Cemeteries- 
Societies. 


THE  borough  of  Nelson  was  created  May  8,  1886,  and  is  simply  the  township  of 
Nelson  incorporated  into  a  borough.  It  has  the  same  boundaries  and  the  same 
area  as  the  old  township,  and  embraces  within  its  limits  6,201  acres, 
or  nearly  ten  square  miles.  It  has  an  average  length,  from  east  to  west, 
of  three  and  a  half  miles,  and  an  average  width,  from  north  to  south,  of  two  and  three- 
fourths  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  New  York  state,  on  the  east  by  Law- 
rence township,  on  the  south  by  Farmington  township  and  on  the  west  by  the 
boroughs  of  Osceola  and  Elkland.  The  Cowanesque  river  enters  it  from  the  west, 
about  a  half  mile  south  of  the  State  line,  pursues  a  winding  course,  slightly  south- 
east, and  passes  into  Lawrence  township,  south  of  the  center  of  the  eastern  boundary 
line.    A  number  of  small  branches  flow  into  it  from  the  north  and  south.  Those  on 


NELSON    BOROUGH.  405 


the  north  beginning  at  the  west  are  Rathbtin  or  Wright  brook,  and  a  stream  flowing 
through  the  John  Maseho  faxm,  known  as  Drew  creek  south,  and  Baldwin  brook 
north,  of  the  State  line.  The  little  stream  that  flows  through  Nelson  village  is 
known  as  Cook  creek,  while  the  one  that  flows  into  the  river  on  the  C.  F.  Merritt 
farm  is  known  as  Crowl  creek.  On  the  south  side  of  the  river  are  two  creeks,  Thorn 
Bottom  creek,  which  rises  in  Farmington  township,  and  empties  into  the  river  above 
the  village  of  Nelson,  and  Cummings'  creek,  which  unites  with  the  river  near  the 
Lawrence  township  line.  The  river  valley  in  the  western  portion  of  the  borough 
is  level  and  averages  over  half  a  mile  in  width,  above  Nelson  village.  The  eastern 
portion  is  more  restricted  and  broken.  The  hills  on  either  side  are  lower  and 
less  bold  than  those  further  up  the  valley,  and  are  tillable,  the  soil  being  fertile  and 
productive.  The  Fall  Brook  railway  passes  through  the  borough,  following  the 
north  side  of  the  river  valley.  The  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  passes  through  the 
northeastern  portion  and  has  a  flag  station,  called  Nelson,  within  the  borough 
limits. 

The  unusual  area  of  the  borough,  and  the  large  amount  of  finely  farming 
land  embraced  within  its  boundaries  make  it  necessary  to  distinguish,  in  writing, 
between  the  country  proper  and  the  village  of  Nelson,  or  Beeeher's  Island,  as  it  was 
formerly  called.  The  village  of  Nelson,  though  a  component  of  the  borough,  oc- 
cupies but  a  small  portion  of  its  area,  and  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Cowanesque  river, 
about  a  mile  west  of  the  Lawrence  township  line.  It  contains  the  borough  building, 
two  churches,  a  graded  school  building,  the  railroad  station,  the  postoffice,  a  hotel, 
and  had  about  300  of  the  540  inhabitants  within  the  borough  limits  in  1890.  For 
convenience,  therefore,  and  to  avoid  confusion,  it  will  be  referred  to  by  its  old  name 
of  Beeeher's  Island,  a  name  familiar  to  every  old  resident  of  the  county. 

EAELT    SETTLEHS. 

The  first  white  person  to  settle  within  the  present  borough  boundaries  was 
Eeuben  Cook,  Sr.  This  pioneer,  mention  of  whom  is  also  made  in  the  Osceola, 
Deerfield  and  Westfield  chapters,  was  the  first  white  settler  in  the  Cowanesque  valley, 
west  of  Lawrenceville.  He  was  a  Eevolutionary  soldier  and  drew  a  pension  from  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  under  the  following  act,  approved  June  16,  1833,  by  Joseph 
Heister,  governor: 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  enacted,  etc. ,  That  the  state  treasurer  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized 
and  required  to  pay  to  Reuben  Cook,  of  Tioga  county,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  on  order, 
Forty  Dollars  immediately,  and  an  annuity  of  Forty  Dollars  during  life ;  to  be  paid  half 
yearly ;  to  commence  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1823. 

"In  May,  1793  or  1793,"  says  Charles  Tubbs,  of  Osceola,  "he  moved  into  Nelson 
township,  locating  on  a  little  flat  north  of  the  present  residence  of  Harris  T.  Eyon. 
He  lived  in  a  bark  cabin  all  summer,  and  planted  an  Indian  girdling  to  corn  and 
turnips.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  built  a  log  house  and  lived  in  it  three  years. 
An  Indian  erected  his  wigwam  near  by,  and  they  hunted  and  flshed  in  company  in 
the  greatest  friendship.  The  river  was  full  of  trout  and  it  was  no  trouble  to  kill  a 
deer.  He  never  lived  long  in  a  place.  At  diilerent  times  he  owned  valuable  farms 
in  Deerfield,  Westfield,  Osceola  and  Elkland  boroughs.  In  1814  he  went  to  Marietta, 
Ohio,  but  returned  to  this  valley  in  1830,  living  at  Osceola  until  he  died.    He  pos- 


406''  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

sesfeed  the  true  pioneer  spirit — was  always  willing  to  sell  out  and  move  west."  He 
was  bom  at  "Old  Harford,  West  Division,"  August  35,  1747,  and  died  at  Osceola, 
Pennsylvania,  June  35,  1839.  His  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Cole,  was 
born  at  Flat  Brook,  New  Jersey,  June,  1757,  and  died  at  Osceola,  March  35,  1833. 
He  lies  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  Osceola.  His  son,  Eeuben  Cook,  was  born  at 
Hooper's  Patent,  on  the  Susquehanna,  below  Owego,  July  10,  1783,  and  died  in 
Brookfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  5,  1881,  in  his  one  hundredth  year. 

The  next  settler  appears  to  have  been  Dorman  Bloss.  His  name  is  found  on  the 
census  roll  for  1800,  as  a  "millwright."  In  1805  he  sold  a  hand  grist-mill  to  Elihu 
Marvin,  of  Mansfield,  who  hauled  it  from  Nelson  overland  on  an  ox  sled.  He  did 
not,  however,  make  purchase  of  land  until  January  2,  1807,  when  he  bought  a  por- 
tion of  the  tract  called  "Ketreat,"  now  within  the  boundaries  of  the  village  of  Nelson. 
He  left  the  valley  in  1818. 

No  further  permanent  settlement  appears  to  have  been  made  within  the 
borough  limits  until  about  1805  or  1806,  when  John,  Thomas  and  Hopestill  Beecher 
settled  on  and  around  a  piece  of  land — now  within  the  village  of  Nelson — ^to  which 
the  name  of  Beecher's  Island  was  soon  after  given.  At  that  time  it  seems  the 
Cowanesque  river  was  known  as  Log  creek,  and  so  is  described  in  the  deeds  to  the 
Beechers,  to  Dorman  Bloss  and  to  other  very  early  settlers  in  the  Cowanesque 
valley.  The  lands  settled  upon  by  the  Beechers  are  described  as  "late  of  Daniel 
Verden,"  and  were  part  of  a  tract  called  "Eetreat."  The  deeds  are  dated  October  15, 
1806,  and  that  to  John  Beecher  was  delivered  in  the  presence  of  Dorman  Bloss  and 
Thomas  Overton.  The  name  Beecher's  Island  had  its  origin  in  the  fact  that  the 
land  settled  on  lay  between  two  channels  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  the  one  a  main 
and  the  other  a  branch  channel,  the  inclosed  land  being  an  oblong  strip,  now  form- 
ing a  portion  of  the  village  site. 

About  1806  or  1808  Daniel  Strait  came  from  Lindley,  New  York,  and  located 
upon  what  is  now  known  as  the  Hazlett  farm.  In  1810  he  sold  out  to  John  and 
Samuel  Hazlett  and  removed  to  Steuben  county.  New  York.  The  Hazletts  came 
from  the  north  of  Ireland.  The  greater  part  of  the  land  then  purchased  is  still 
owned  by  their  descendants.  In  1810  Joseph  Campbell,  Sr.,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
also  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  settled  at  Beecher's  Island.  The  Hazletts 
and  his  family  appear  to  have  been  members  of  the  same  party  and  to  have  crossed 
the  ocean  together.  His  eldest  daughter,  Sally,  was  the  wife  of  Samuel  Hazlett, 
and  the  next  oldest  daughter,  Jane,  was  married  to  John  Hazlett,  at  Beecher's 
Island,  April  11,  1811.  Amasa  Culver,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  also  came  in  1810, 
and  cleared  and  improved  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Betsey  Tubbs.  His  daughter, 
Content  Culver,  who  became  the  wife  of  Walter  C.  Bottum,  was  born  within  the 
present  borough  limits  in  1810. 

James  Daily  settled  soon  afterward.  His  son.  Perry  Daily,  who  died  July  18, 
1896,  was  born  here  in  1814,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  oldest  person  born 
in  the  township.  Cyprian  Wright  came  about  1813  and  settled  on  the  land  adjoining 
Amasa  Culver,  on  the  east.  He  kept  an  early  way-side  inn,  the  first  in  the  present 
borough  limits.  William  Allington  settled  about  1813  and  John  and  George  AUing- 
ton  before  1816.  Calvin  Chamberlain  came  about  1815.  Amariah  Hammond,  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  came  in  1817  and  settled  between  Nelson  village  and  Elkland, 


NELSON    BOROUGH. 


407 


near  the  Byron  Shaw  place.  He  taught  school  ia  1831,  in  a  building  which  then 
stood  near  the  William  Merritt  residence,  below  Nelson  village.  Samuel  Kathbun, 
a  native  of  New  York  state,  came  into  Tioga  county  about  1814  and  appears  to  have 
resided  until  about  1817  or  1818  at  Lawrenceville,  and  then  to  have  moved  within 
the  present  borough  of  Nelson,  and  to  have  settled  on  and  improved  the  farm  now 
owned  and  occupied  by  the  widow  of  his  eldest  son,  Henry  Rathbun. 

In  1818  Mrs.  Sarah  Blackwell,  of  Jersey  Shore,  Pennsylvania,  a  widow,  married 
John  Campbell  and  came  to  live  at  Beecher's  Island.  Her  son,  Enoch  Blackwell, 
born  in  Jersey  Shore,  June  12,  1814,  afterwards  became  prominent  as  a  mill  owner 
and  merchant  at  Beecher's  Island.  Richard  Ellison  and  James  McGinley,  Scotch- 
Irish  and  Calvinists,  were  also  among  the  early  settlers  at  Beecher's  Island.  Among 
other  early  settlers,  the  year  of  whose  coming  cannot  be  ascertained,  were  George  W. 
Phelps  and  John  Vroman.  Walter  C.  Bottum,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  in 
1827.  His  father,  Clark  Bottum,  came  later.  Walter  C.  engaged  in  lumbering  and 
during  an  active  career  erected  three  saw-mills  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  In  1830 
Artemus  Losey,  a  native  of  Orange  county.  New  York,  settled  at  Beecher's  Island 
and  bought  the  John  Campbell  saw-mill,  still  owned  and  operated  by  his  son,  J.  T. 
Losey.  From  this  time  forward  settlers  came  in  rapidly,  so  that  in  1835,  when  the 
Congregational  church  was  organized,  it  numbered  fifteen  members,  all  residents 
of  Beecher's  Island  and  vicinity.  Most  of  the  families  already  named  were  repre- 
sented, as  well  as  those  of  Samuel  Snow,  Nahum  Kelley,  Sabra  Daily,  Hubbard 
Clark,  William  Clark  and  M.  Cummings.  Among  the  more  prominent  of  the  later 
settlers  were  Henry  Smith,  who  came  in  1833;  Sylvester  Stewart,  a  soldier  of  the 
War  of  1813,  who  came  in  1838;  John  Weeks,  also  a  soldier  of  the  War  of  1813, 
who  came  the  same  year;  Harris  T.  Ryon,  who  came  in  1839;  Dr.  Albert  M.  Loop, 
who  first  came  in  1838,  went  to  Illinois,  from  which  he  returned  in  1840,  and  per- 
manently settled  at  Beecher's  Island;  Daniel  Angell,  a  shoemaker,  who  came  in 
1843;  Luther  Rice,  a  carpenter,  who  came  in  1843;  Samuel  Edgcomb,  who  came 
in  1845,  and  Louis  Bevier,  a  tanner,  who  came  in  1849. 

MANUFACTUEING    AND    BUSINESS    ENTEEPEISES. 

John,  Thomas  and  Hopestill  Beecher,  who  settled  on  Beecher's  Island  in  1805 
or  1806,  erected  a  saw-mill  about  1810  on  the  site  of  the  present  J.  T.  Losey  mill, 
familiarly  known  as  the  old  Campbell  mill.  About  1818  this  property  passed  into 
the  hands  of  John  Campbell,  who  operated  a  saw-mill  on  the  same  site  till  1830, 
when  he  sold  it  to  Artemus  Losey.  Mr.  Losey,  who  was  a  skilled  mechanic,  added 
to  his  lumber  business  the  manufacture  of  household  furniture.  He  also  built 
several  carding  machines  and  a  number  of  melodeons,  and  was  known  as  a  man  of 
energy  and  enterprise.  Since  his  death,  in  1869,  the  mill  property  has  been  owned 
and  operated  by  his  son,  J.  T.  Losey.  This  mill,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  county, 
has  been  rebuilt  and  improved. 

The  Nelson  Flouring  Mill,  water  power,  was  originally  built  by  John  Campbell 
about  1818,  and  owned  and  operated  by  him  until  his  death,  in  1855,  when  it  became 
the  property  of  his  stepson,  Enoch  Blackwell.  He  operated  it  until  his  death,  in 
1884.  About  1830  Mr.  Campbell  established  an  upper  leather  tannery  in  connec- 
tion with  his  mill  property.    For  several  years  during  his  lifetime,  and  that  of  Mr. 


408  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Blackwell,  this  tannery  was  carried  on  by  lessees.  After  Mr.  Blackwell's  death  the 
mill  property  passed  into  the  possession  of  his  son,  E.  C.  Blackwell,  who  is  the 
present  owner.  A  store  established  by  Mr.  Blackwell's  father  was  carried  on  in  con- 
nection with  the  mill  for  many  years.  It  burned  in  1885.  Mr.  Blackwell  also 
operates  a  power  cider  mill  with  a  capacity  of  100  barrels  a  day. 

Among  the  early  saw-miE  owners  and  lumbermen  within  the  present  borough 
Hmits  was  Hon.  James  Ford,  of  Lawrenceville,  the  first  congressman  from  Tioga 
county.  He  operated  a  saw-mill  on  the  Cowanesque  on  the  Samuel  Eathbun  place, 
in  which  he  had  a  two-third  interest,  Samuel  Eathbun  having  the  remaining  one- 
third.  They  conducted  it  until  1828,  when  Mr.  Ford's  interest  was  bought  by 
Samuel  and  Alfred  Eathbun.  Samuel  Eathbun  in  time  became  the  sole  owner  of 
the  mill,  which  he  operated  until  his  death,  in  1847.  Walter  C.  Bottum  and  Gilbert 
Phelps  &  Company  erected  a  mill  on  Thorn  Bottom  creek,  near  its  mouth.  Mr. 
Bottum  became  an  extensive  operator  and  erected  no  less  than  three  saw-mills 
during  the  next  thirty  years.  Among  those  who  operated  mills,  usually  as  part 
owners,  between  1830  and  1850  were  Eichard  Ellison,  John  Vroman,  John  Young, 
Charles  Bottum,  Hubbard  Clark,  Thomas  Eathbun,  Leander  Culver,  John  Flint, 
John  Brownell  and  others.  At  the  present  time  the  mill  owned  and  operated  by 
J.  T.  Losey  is  the  only  one  within  the  borough  limits. 

Luke  B.  Maynard,  whose  name  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1833,  was  the 
pioneer  merchant  of  Kelson.  He  remained  but  a  few  years.  Hunt  Pomeroy,  father 
of  the  late  "Brick"  Pomeroy,  the  noted  editor  of  the  La  Crosse  (Wisconsin) 
Democrat,  opened  a  store  in  Nelson  in  1840,  and  had  for  a  partner  Hiram  Beebe, 
the  first  merchant  of  Lawrenceville.  Anson  Buck  and  John  Brownell  were  also 
early  merchants.  The  old  store  building,  first  occupied  by  Luke  B.  Maynard,  was  on 
the  site  of  the  present  Newcomb  Hotel.  It  is  now  owned  by  John  M.  Hammond,  and 
stands  near  his  residence.  In  1849  G.  H.  Baxter  and  G.  W.  Phelps  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  The  partnership  lasted  a  year,  when  Mr.  Baxter  continued  as 
a  dealer  in  groceries  and  provisions.  In  March,  1866,  A.  J.  Howell  opened  a  store 
in  Kelson.  In  the  same  month  of  the  same  year  M.  B.  Seely  came  to  Kelson.  Mr. 
Howell  now  keeps  a  grocery  store  and  Mr.  Seely  a  general  store.  They  are  the  two 
oldest  merchants  in  the  place. 

A  wayside  inn  kept  by  Cyprian  Wright  was  the  first  vdthin  the  present  borough 
limits.  The  "Old  Log  Hotel,"  as  it  is  familiarly  called  by  those  of  the  present 
generation,  was  the  first  hotel  at  Beecher's  Island.  It  was  built  on  the  corner  north 
of  the  present  Kewcomb  House  about  1830,  by  Samuel  Snow.  In  1835  Amariah 
Hammond  purchased  the  property,  and  his  son,  John  M.  Hammond,  kept  the  house 
until  1841.     In  1865  it  was  torn  down  and  a  store  building  erected  on  its  site. 

The  Newcomb  House  was  erected  in  1836  for  a  store  building  by  Artemus  Losey, 
and  was  occupied  for  a  number  of  years  by  Pomeroy  &  Beebe.  It  was  afterwards 
changed  into  a  hotel.  Among  the  early  landlords  were  Hunt  Pomeroy  and  Samuel 
Edgcomb.    Since  18?8  this  house  has  been  kept  by  W.  A.  Kewcomb. 

The  Nelson  Separator  and  Butter  Company  was  organized  in  1893,  with  Byron 
Shaw,  president;  C.  S.  Baxter,  secretary;  M.  B.  Seely,  treasurer;  E.  V.  Turpening, 
butter  maker,  and  J.  E.  Leteer,  assistant.    The  creamery,  which  was  equipped  with 


NELSON    BOROUGH.  409 


modern  appliances,  was  changed  to  a  cheese  factory  in  1895.    It  has  a  capacity  of 
about  100,000  pounds  per  annum. 

BOEOTJGH    ORGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  township  of  Nelson  was  formally  organized  as  a  borough  May  8,  1886,  in 
anticipation  of  which  the  court  had  on  April  20,  the  date  of  incorporation,  ap- 
poiated  the  following  as  burgess  and  councilmen  to  serve  until  the  next  regular 
election:  Henry  Baxter,  burgess;  Philip  Tubbs,  C.  F.  Culver,  C.  F.  MargrafE,  J.  D. 
Campbell,  G.  H.  Baxter  and  Samuel  S.  Heysham.  The  names  of  the  burgesses  since 
elected  are  as  foUows:  W.  A.  Newcomb,  1887;  C.  F.  Margrafi,  1888-89;  M.  F. 
Cass,  1890;  C.  F.  Margraff,  1891-92;  J.  D.  Campbell,  1893-96,  and  M.  B.  Seeley, 
elected  in  1897. 

The  following  named  persons  have  been  elected  justices  of  the  peace  for  the 
township,  and,  since  its  incorporation,  for  the  borough  of  Nelson:  Anthony  W. 
Lugg,  1858;  re-elected,  1864,  1880;  Marcus  H.  Brooks,  1859;  re-elected,  1864;  C. 
P.  Wright,  1865;  re-elected,  1870,  1875;  J.  D.  Campbell,  1868;  re-elected,  1873; 
D.  H.  Hughy,  1878;  C.  B.  Goodrich,  1882,  and  William  H.  Baxter,  1883.  Nelson 
borough:  C.  K.  Copp,  1886;  re-elected,  1891;  C.  B.  Goodrich,  1887;  re-elected, 
1891;  A.  C.  CampbeU,  1887;  W.  H.  Baxter,  1889;  J.  T.  Losey,  1894;  Byron  Shaw, 

1896. 

A  postoffice  was  established  at  Beecher's  Island  about  1832,  to  which  the  name 
of  Nelson  was  given.  For  what  or  for  whom  it  was  thus  named  no  one  now  living, 
of  whom  inquiry  has  been  made,  can  tell.  The  first  postmaster  was  Joseph  M. 
White,  who  held  the  office  for  about  twenty  years.  His  successors  have  been:  G.  H. 
Baxter,  1853-56;  Dr.  A.  M.  Loop,  1856-61;  G.  H.  Baxter,  1861-79;  H.  Baxter, 
1879-80;  M.  B.  Seely,  1880-85;  Dr.  A.  M.  Loop,  1885-89;  G.  H.  Baxter,  1889— 
died  May  5,  1892;  Miss  Nora  Baxter,  May,  1892,  to  May,  1896,  and  W.  H.  Baxter, 
appointed  in  May,  1896. 

PHYSICIANS. 

Dr.  A.  M.  Loop,  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  years  and  practice  in  the  county, 
began  practice  at  Beecher's  Island  in  1840.  He  is  the  oldest  practicing  physician 
in  the  county.  Among  those  who  have  since  resided  there  and  practiced  medicine 
are:  Dr.  Aaron  Niles,  who  located  in  1875,  and  remained  until  1878;  Dr.  S.  W. 
Linwer,  who  came  in  1879,  and  remained  eight  years,  and  Dr.  W.  Eumsey,  who  came 
in  1887,  and  remained  two  years.  The  present  resident  physicians  are  Dr.  A.  M. 
Loop,  Dr.  Calvin  S.  Baxter,  who  came  in  1887,  and  Dr.  William  B.  Stevens,  who 
came  in  1891. 

SCHOOLS. 

In  1821  Amariah  Hammond  taught  a  school,  below  Beecher's  Island,  near 
the  William  Merritt  place.  Among  his  pupils  was  his  son,  John  M.  Hammond,  bom 
in  1816,  who  came  to  Beecher's  Island  in  1817  with  his  parents  and  is  one  of  the 
oldest  living  residents  of  the  borough.  Samuel  Snow  was  an  early  teacher  here. 
The  earliest  school  within  the  village  of  Nelson  or  Beecher's  Island,  is  still  stand- 
ing just  east  of  the  Presbyterian  church.    It  was  built  in  the  later  thirties,  and  is 


410  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COtr]SrTT. 

now  occupied  as  a  dwelling.  Before  the  erection  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  meet- 
ings were  held  in  this  school  house.  The  Eathbun  school  house,  north  of  the 
river  in  the  western  part  of  the  present  borough,  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  school 
houses,  and  like  the  school  houses  of  those  days  was  used  as  a  house  of  worship. 
It  was  built  about  1834.  Owing  to  the  extensive  area  covered  by  the  borough, 
there  are  four  school  districts  within  its  limits.  The  principal  school  is  the  graded 
school  of  Nelson  village.  A  handsome  two-story  frame  school  building  erected  here 
in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,000,  provides  ample  accommodations  for  the  pupils  of 
District  No.  1. 

CHUECHES   AND   CEMETEEIES. 

The  Second  Congregational  Church  of  ETkland  was  organized  in  August,  1834, 
its  membership  being  gathered  at  or  about  Beecher's  Island.  They  were  fifteen  in 
number,  consisting  of  Hubbard  and  Eunice  Clark,  James  and  Mary  Campbell, 
Samuel  Snow,  Nahum  Kelley,  Sabra  Daily,  Dolly  and  Sarah  Bottom,  Hannah 
Culver,  Jane  Ellison,  William  and  Caroline  Clark,  Milla  Cummings  and  Eliza 
Phelps.  Samuel  Snow  was  chosen  deacon  of  this  church.  The  first  meeting  was  at 
the  Rathbun  fajm.  September  26,  1830,  this  church  and  the  First  Congregational 
church,  organized  in  1832,  at  Elkland,  met  in  the  Eyon  school  house  at  Elkland, 
and  united  in  one  church,  under  the  name  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  of 
Elkland.  There  were  thirty-two  members.  On  Friday,  July  23,  1835,  this  society 
was  changed  to  a  Presbyterian  church,  under  the  name  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Elkland.  It  became  the  parent  of  the  Presbyterian  churches  at  Beecher's 
Island  and  East  Farmington. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Beecher's  Island  was  organized  March  2, 
1844.  It  consisted  of  the  following  members  to  whom  letters  were  granted, — ^in 
order  that  they  might  form  this  church — from  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Elkland:  Joel  and  Mary  Jewel,  Joseph  and  Anna  Campbell,  John  and  Mahala 
Hazlett,  Charles  and  Mary  Ann  Lugg,  Charles  and  Lovina  Blanchard,  Harris  T. 
Eyon,  Samuel  Hazlett,  Edward  Mapes,  Sarah  Campbell,  Mary  Ann  Campbell, 
Oliver  Blanchard,  Eobert  and  Susan  Casbeer  and  Enoch  Blackwell.  James  and 
Joseph  Campbell  and  Joel  Jewell  were  the  first  ruling  elders.  Soon  after  the  church 
was  organized  Joel  Jewell  was  licensed  to  preach  and  became  the  first  pastor.  Dur- 
ing his  pastorate,  which  continued  until  May,  1846,  the  house  of  worship,  still  stand- 
ing, was  erected  by  his  brother,  Edward  Jewell.  He  assisted  in  the  work  of  build- 
ing. This  building  which  stands  on  land  acquired  from  John  Hazlett,  represents 
with  the  improvements  and  repairs  an  expenditure  of  about  $2,000.  The  names 
of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  church  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  Joel  Jewell,  1845- 
46;  E.  D.  Wells,  1846-48;  S.  J.  McCullough,  1848;  Rev.  John  Sailer,  1851;  pulpit 
supplied  by  various  pastors  till  1855  when  A.  C.  Woodcock  came;  J.  Gordon 
Carnahan,  still  living,  December  14,  1856,  to  September  2, 1858;  supplied,  1858-60 
Francis  Eand,  1860-64;  Frederick  Graves,  1865-67;  S.  A.  Eawson,  1867.-72 
Benjamin  Eussell,  1874-80;  C.  B.  Gillette,  1881-85;  R.  G.  Williams,  1885-88 
S.  P.  Gates,  1889-90,  and  Hallock  Armstrong,  who  came  in  July,  1891.  Mr.  Arm- 
strong was  ordained  in  1851  and  during  the  fifty-five  years  of  his  ministry  has 
missed  but  two  Sundays  on  account  of  sickness,  and  has  moved  but  twice  ia  the 


NELSON     BOBOUQH.  4^ 


last  thirty-four  years.  The  church  now  numbers  thirty-six  members.  The  average 
attendance  of  the  Sunday-school  is  fifty.  Charles  Merritt  is  the  superintendent. 
There  is  a  Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor  connected  with  this 
church. 

The  Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Nelson,  incorporated  December  5, 
1867,  was  organized  about  forty-five  years  ago.  There  are  no  records  of  its  early 
history  accessible.  It  has  been  in  the  Knoxville,  Parmington  and  Lawrenceville 
charges  and  was  set  off  from  the  latter  in  1881.  Among  its  early  pastors  was  Kev. 
William  Potter,  who  entered  the  ministry  in  1847.  The  pastors  of  th.e  various 
charges  named  served  this  church  up  to  1881,  since  which  time  the  following 
named  ministers  have  officiated:  Eevs.  F.  C.  Thompson,  1881-83;  James  Seovil, 
1883-85;  C.  J.  Bradbury,  January  to  October,  1885;  M.  D.  Jackson,  1885-86; 
William  S.  CrandaU,  1886-88;  D.  L.  Pitts,  1888-90;  J.  Melvin  Smith,  1890-91; 
John  Miller,  1891-94;  A.  G.  Cole,  1894-96,  and  W.  J.  Wilson,  the  present  pastor, 
who  came  in  October,  1896.  The  present  church  building  was  erected  in  18ff8; 
and  dedicated  in  September,  1869.  It  cost  $1,600.  In  1890  the  residence  of  James 
Paul  was  purchased  for  a  parsonage.  It  cost  with  repairs  $1,000.  The  church  now 
numbers  about  sixty-five  members.  There  are  forty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school, 
of  which  Eev.  Charles  Weeks,  a  retired  minister,  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Cemetery  adjoining  the  Presbyterian  church  is  on  ground  acquired  from 
John  Hazlett  at  the  same  time  as  the  lot  on  which  the  church  now  stands.  The 
first  funeral  service  held  in  the  church  and  one  of  the  first  bodies  to  be  buried  here 
was  that  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  (Baxter)  Hoyt,  wife  of  David  Hoyt.  She  died  March  1, 
1845.  Below  the  village,  near  the  Merritt  place,  is  the  old  Hazlett  family  burying 
ground.  With  the  exception  of  an  occasional  family  graveyard  these  comprise  the 
burial  places  within  the  borough. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  secret,  social  and  benevolent  orders  are  well  represented  in  Kelson. 
Nelson  Lodge,  No.  434,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  which  was  instituted  February  14,  1874,  with 
fourteen  charter  members,  is  growing  and  prosperous.  Wallace  Bogart  Post,  No. 
363,  G.  A.  E.,  was  organized  September  1,  1883,  with  seventeen  members.  Not- 
withstantoig  deaths  and  removals  it  maintains  its  organization  and  meets  regularly. 
Nelson  Lodge,  No.  67, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  was  organized  March  37,  1893,  and  embraces  in 
its  membership  a  large  number  of  the  young  people  of  the  borough.  Alert  Grange, 
No.  905,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  January  18,  1890.  It  now  numbers  over  sixty 
members  and  contemplates  erecting  a  hall  building  in  the  near  future.  Nelson 
Tent,  No.  180,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  June  5,  1893.  It  has  now  about  fifty 
members  and  is  growing  rapidly. 


CHAPTEK  XXX. 

DEEEFIELD   TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Changes  of  Aeea— Streams,  Soil  and  Forest  Growth -Popula- 
tion—Early  Settlers—  The  Strawbeidge  Lands— Business  and  Manufac- 
turing Enterprises— schools— Early  fhysicians  and  Justices— Churches 
AND  Cemeteries— Villages. 


DEEKFIELD  township,  so  named  from  the  abundance  of  deer  within  its  bounda- 
ries at  the  time  of  its  first  settlement,  was  organized  in  1814,  and  was  taken 
Irom  Delmar  township,  its  original  area  of  about  150  square  miles,  embraced  the 
territory  within  the  boundaries  of  IJrookfield,  VVestfield  and  Chatham  townships, 
nearly  all  of  CJlymer,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  borough  of  Osceola.  The  territory 
embraced  in  Westfield,  Brooklield  and  the  larger  part  of  Clymer  was  taken  from  it 
in  1821,  and  that  of  Chatham,  as  first  created,  in  1828.  In  1850  the  area  embraced 
within  the  hmits  of  Knoxville  borough  was  separated  irom  it.  In  1878  it  recovered 
from  the  northern  part  of  Chatham  a  strip  two  miles  north  and  south.,  by  six  miles 
east  and  west.  The  same  year  an  L-shaped,  strip  was  taken  from  its  northeastern 
quarter  and  added  to  Osceola.  As  now  constituted,  it  contains,  exclusive  of  Knox- 
ville, an  area  of  20,725  acres.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  State  of  New  York 
and  Osceola;  east  by  Osceola  and  Earmington;  south  by  Chatham,  and  west  by 
Westfield  and  Brookfield. 

The  Cowanesque  river  enters  the  township  from  the  southwest,  and  flows 
through  it  in  a  northeasterly  direction.  Near  the  Brookfield  township  line  it 
receives  Inseho  run  and,  at  Knoxville,  Troup's  creek,  both,  of  which  flow  from  the 
northwest,  out  of  Brookfield  township.  At  Academy  Comers  it  receives  Yamall 
brook,  which  flows  north  out  of  Chatham  township.  Other  small,  unnamed  streams 
find  their  way  down  the  ravines  on  eitlier  side  of  the  river  valley,  whicl^  is  wider 
here  than  in  Westfield  township,  the  hills  that  line  it  being  less  bold  and  precipi- 
tous. The  valley  land  is  noted  for  its  richness  and  productiveness,  and  is  cultivate! 
like  a  garden.  The  hillsides  and  uplands  are  also  fertile,  and  Deerfield,  as  a 
whole,  ranks  among  the  leading  agricultural  townships  of  the  county.  The  alti- 
tude above  tide  water  in  the  river  valley  will  average  1,200  feet;  the  summits  of  the 
hills  rise  from  400  to  600  feet  higher.  When  the  township  was  first  settled  its 
entire  surface  was  covered  with  a  heavy  forest  growth  of  white  oak,  maple,  walnut, 
butternut,  buttonwood,  pine  and  hemlock.  This  has  nearly  all  disappeared  before 
the  woodsman's  ax,  and  the  land  whereon  it  stood  now  produces  annual  crops  of 
grains,  grasses,  fruits  and  vegetables. 

In  1814,  when  it  was  created,  it  contained  sixty-three  taxable  inhabitants.  The 
census  returns  of  1820  showed  a  population  of  678;  1830,  568;  1840,  not  separately 
mentioned;   1850,  721;    1860,  677;   1870,  665;   1880,  908,  and  1890,  883. 


DBERFIBLD    TOWNSHIP.  4I3 


EAELT    SETTLEKS. 

James  Strawbridge,  the  first  white  man  to  settle  in  the  township,  is  supposed 
to  have  located  on  the  site  of  the  village  of  Academy  Comers  during  the  Eevolu- 
tionary  War.  Here  the  settlers  who  came  in  1798  found  a  log  house  and  a  partly 
cleared  field,  enclosed  with  a  log  fence,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river, 
and  on  the  south  side,  near  the  mouth  of  Yarnall  brook,  a  nearly  completed,  mill 
race.  One  tradition  asserts  that  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  home  here  on 
account  of  the  hostility  of  the  Indians,  at  the  time  of  Sullivan's  Expedition  up  the 
Susquehanna  and  Chemung  rivers,  while  another  fixes  the  date  of  his  settlement 
six  years  later,  and  asserts  that  he  "was  driven  away  by  white  squatters,  who  killed 
his  oxen,  purloined  his  plow,  and  destroyed  his  crops,  on  the  belief  that  his  claim 
to  title  in  the  lands  was  antagonistic  to  their  interests."  Be  that  as  it  may,  the 
fact  remains  that  on  May  17,  1785,  Strawbridge  obtained  land  warrant,  ISTo.  451, 
which  he  located  June  35,  of  the  same  year,  on  land  along  the  Cowanesque  river, 
and  on  a  portion  of  which  stands  the  village  of  Academy  Corners.  Strawbridge 
subsequently  located  other  warrants,  and  also  acquired  the  lands  located  upon  by 
warrants  issued  in  1785  and  1786  to  Thomas  Proctor,  and  in  1790  to  James  Stewart. 
This  gave  him  the  ownership  of  all  the  land  in  the  Cowanesque  valley  north  of  the 
river  within  the  township.  To  each  tract,  according  to  an  English  custom,  he  gave 
a  distinguishing  name.  The  one  where  he  made  his  first  settlement,  he  called 
"James'  Choice."  That  on  which  the  borough  of  Knoxville  stands  was  named 
"Delight,"  while  the  others  received  such  names  as  "Mount  Pleasant,"  "Blooming 
Grove,"  "Fertility,"  "Eichland"  and  "Spring  Field."  These  lands,  as  a  whole,  be- 
came known  as  the  "Strawbridge  Tract." 

It  appears  that  Jajnes  Strawbridge,  the  patentee,  during  his  lifetime,  exe- 
cuted a  mortgage  to  Jonathan  Smith  and  others,  of  Philadelphia,  as  trustees,  for 
the  widow  and  heirs  of  John  Strawbridge,  deceased,  which  mortgage  was  foreclosed 
and  these  lauds  sold  by  the  sheriff  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  November  30, 
1807,  when  George  Strawbridge,  a  brother  of  James  Strawbridge,  became  the  pur- 
chaser, and  from  him  the  settlers  derived  title.  January  24,  1823,  he  conveyed  the 
unsold  lands  to  Jonathan  D.  Ledyard,  his  brother-in-law,  who  on  March  6,  of  the 
same  year,  sold  to  Silas  Billings  the  same  lands,  amounting  to  "about  7,000  acres,"- 
from  whom  and  his  heirs  they  afterwards  passed  into  the  hands  of  actual  settlers. 
In  1792  and  1793  the  lands  south  of  the  river  were  surveyed  upon  patents  issued  to 
Thomas  M.  Willing,  Eobert  Blackwell  and  William  Lloyd.  They  were  subsequently 
acquired  by  William  Bingham,  the  elder,  and  became  a  part  of  the  "Bingham 
Estate." 

Although  James  Strawbridge,  either  through  fear  of  the  Indians,  or  by  reason 
of  the  depredations  of  white  squatters,  was  compelled  to  leave  his  improvements  on 
the  Cowanesque,  he  did  not  abandon  the  title  to  either  them  or  the  land.  In  1797 
he  approached  Ebenezer  Seelye,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  a  Revolutionary- 
soldier,  then  residing  temporarily  near  Painted  Post,  New  York,  and  offered  him 
the  land,  including  the  improvements,  for  $2.50  an  acre.  Seelye  accepted  this  offer, 
but  not  caring  to  venture  into  the  wilderness  alone,  he  offered  to  William  Knox,  Sr., 
the  improvements  if  he  would  join  him.    The  offer  was  accepted  by  Knox,  and  in 


414  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

1798  he  and  his  son,  William,  camped  on  and  enlarged  the  Strawbridge  clearing. 
In  the  spring  of  1799  the  two  families  joiimeyed  from  Painted  Post  to  Nelson,  first 
known  as  Beecher's  Island,  and  from  there  traveled  up  the  Cowanesque  river  on  the 
ice  to  their  new  home  in  the  wilderness.  The  Knox  family  located  on  the  old 
Strawbridge  clearing  and  the  Seelye  family  half  a  mile  further  east,  building  a 
cabin  of  bark,  which  was  replaced  a  yeai  and  a  half  later  by  a  log  house.  These  two 
families  thus  became  the  first  settlers  in  the  township. 

On  March  28,  1800,  the  first  male  white  child  bom  in  the  Cowanesque  valley 
was  added  to  the  household  of  William  Knox.  This  was  James  Knox,  who  died 
September  20,  1881,  having  spent  his  entire  life  in  the  township.  On  May  4th  of 
the  same  year  a  daughter,  Sally,  was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seelye,  who  afterwards 
became  the  wife  of  Prince  King,  of  Westfield  township.  She  was  the  first  female 
white  child  born  in  the  township. 

Among  the  first  to  settle  in  the  township  after  the  Knox  and  Seelye  families, 
was  Bethlehem  Thompson,  who  located  on  the  Emmer  Bowen  place,  but  soon  sold 
out  to  Eeuben  Cook.  In  1803  John  Howland  and  his  son.  Dr.  Eddy  Howland, 
whose  Puritan  ancestors  came  from  England  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620,  settled  on 
what  was  long  known  as  the  Eddy  Howland  place.  They  came  from  Ehode  Island. 
Emmer  Bowen,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  came  in  1804  and  bought  out  Jesse 
Eowley,  who  appears  to  have  been  here  at  that  time.  James  Costley,  an  early  grist- 
mill owner,  came  before  1805  and  settled  south  of  the  river  opposite  Knoxville. 
Eev.  David  Short  settled  in  1806  upon  the  farm  afterward  owned  by  A.  H.  Bacon, 
and  lived  there  until  1813.  Newbury  Cloos  settled  in  1807,  in  which  year  also 
Joshua  Colvin  settled  near  Academy  Corners.  About  this  time,  also,  John  and 
Eeuben  Short,  Jonathan  M.  Eogers,  Curtis  Cady,  David  Short  and  James  Yarnall 
settled.  Mr.  Yarnall  located  on  the  brook  south  of  Academy  Comers  that  bears 
his  name.  In  1808  James,  John  and  William  Falkner  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  township.  In  1811  Jonathan,  Solomon  and  Alexander  Matteson  and  their 
parents  came  from  Salisbury,  Herkimer  county,  New  York.  Jonathan,  with  whom 
the  old  folks  lived,  settled  on  the  site  of  Knoxville,  his  land  embracing  the  greater 
part  of  the  present  borough  area.  Solomon  and  Alexander  settled  east  of  him.  In 
1811  Levi  Cook,  a  blacksmith,  the  year  of  whose  coming  cannot  be  ascertained,  sold 
his  place  east  of  Knoxville  to  Zadoc  Bowen,  a  carpenter,  and  a  brother  of  Emmer 
Bowen,  Sr.  Joseph  Ealkner,  Sr.,  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York,  was  an  early 
settler,  and  cleared  the  farm  now  occupied  by  the  widow  of  his  son,  Joseph 
Ealkner.  Eleazer  Clark,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  came  on  horseback  from  his 
native  state  in  1814,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  E.  H.  Clark. 
James  King,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  settled  in  the  western  part  of  the  township 
sometime  between  1815  and  1820.  About  1821  the  family  removed  to  Westfield 
township.  John  Wakeley  was  also  an  early  settler.  He  removed  to  Brookfield 
township  in  1827.  George  Champlin,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  came  in  1821, 
worked  a  farm  on  shares  for  a  year,  and  then  removed  to  Potter  county.  Fifteen 
years  later  he  settled  in  Westfield  township.  Hiram  Gilberj;,  a  carpenter,  and  a 
native  of  New  England,  settled  in  the  township  in  1824,  worked  at  his  trade  for 
several  years,  and  then  embarked  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  in  Knoxville. 
Moses  Inscho,  well  known  as  a  lumberman,  came  in  from  Lawrence  township  m 


DEERFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  415 


1835.  Nathan  Baker,  a  native  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  settled  in  1838  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Allen  Baker.  Others  came  whose  names  and  the 
year  of  their  coming  have  not  been  ascertained,  but  the  names  given  are,  with  a  few 
exceptions,  those  of  men  who  cleared  the  lands  upon  which  they  located,  and  be- 
came permanent  residents  of  the  township.  In  this,  as  in  other  townships,  there 
were  those  who  made  but  a  temporary  stay,  and  who  alwaj's  found  it  more  in 
harmony  with  a  moving  and  adventurous  spirit  to  be  with  the  advance  guard  of 
the  westward  marching  army  of  civilization. 

BUSINESS  AND  MANUFACTUEING  ENTEKPEISES. 

Lumberiag  became  an  important  industry  in  the  township  soon  after  its  set- 
tlement began.  The  predominance  of  white  pine  of  a  fine  quality  led  to  the  early 
establishment  of  saw-mills,  first  to  supply  a  growing  local  demand,  and  later  for 
shipment.  The  Cowanesque  river  was  the  only  highway  connecting  the  settlers  of 
the  valley  with  the  outside  world.  Down  this  stream,  whenever  the  stage  of  water 
permitted,  logs  and  lumber  were  rafted.  All  the  early  mills  were  run  by  water 
power,  an  under-shot  flutter  wheel  being  the  one  generally  used.  The  usual  ca- 
pacity of  a  saw-mill  was  1,000  feet  of  pine  lumber  every  twelve  hours,. an  infinites- 
imal quantity  compared  with  the  output  of  a  thoroughly-equipped  steam  saw-mill 
of  the  present  day. 

In  1804  Eddy  Howland  built  a  flutter-wheel  saw-mill  on  the  Cowanesque  river 
above  Knoxville.  In  1818  he  sold  it  to  Caleb  Smith.  About  1826  it  became  the 
property  of  Moses  Inscho,  who  operated  it  until  1847.  He  was  a  well-known  and  ex- 
tensive lumberman.  A  saw-mill  was  built  about  1810  on  the  Cowanesque  river, 
just  below  the  woolen  mills  near  Academy  Comers,  by  Emmer  Bowen  and  Ebenezer 
Seelye.  It  was  operated  for  nearly  thirty  years.  In  1815  Jonathan  and  Alexander 
Matteson  and  Joshua  Colvin  built  a  saw-mill  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Cowanesque 
river  opposite  Knoxville.  The  first  saw-mill  on  Troup's  creek  was  built  in  1830  by 
Luke  Scott.  Ten  years  later  it  was  undermined  and  destroyed  by  high  water.  A  saw- 
mill was  built  in  1830  on  Yarnall  brook,  about  two  miles  above  its  mouth,  by 
Eeuben  Cloos.  In  1831  James  Yarnall  built  one  near  the  mouth  of  the  same  brook. 
In  1833  Luman  Stevens  built  a  mill  farther  up  the  brook  near  the  township  line. 
This  mill  was  operated  until  1866.  In  1868  Levi  Stevens  erected  on  its  site  a  new 
mill,  33  by  68  feet,  driven  by  a  center-vent  water  wheel.  A  circular  saw  was  used. 
In  1873  steam  was  substituted  for  water  power.  This  mill  burned  in  1879  and  was- 
rebuilt.  In  1848  Joseph  Yarnall  built  a  large  mill  near  the  mouth  of  Yarnall 
brook.  Water  was  taken  from  the  Cowanesque  river,  and  three  saws  driven  by  the 
power  obtained.  In  1853  this  mill  was  sold  to  J.  W.  and  H.  E.  Potter,  and  oper- 
ated by  them  until  1861,  when  a  flood  destroyed  the  dam  and  otherwise  injured  the 
property.  In  1848,  also,  Joseph  Dake  built  a  mill  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cow- 
anesque. It  was  run  by  a  center-vent  water  wheel  which  operated  two  upright  saws. 
This  mill  was  owned  by  various  persons  until  1880  when  it  ceased  operations.  In 
1881  Walker  &  Lathrop,  of  Corning,  New  York,  erected  a  mill  at  the  mouth  of 
Inscho  run.  It  was  run  by  steam  power.  There  is  no  saw-mill  now  in  operation  in 
the  township. 


416  HISTOHY    OP   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

A  log  grist-mill  was  built  by  Bethlehem  Thompson  in  1811,  about  a  mile  above 
Knoxville.  It  was  propelled  by  an  over-shot  water  wheel,  the  water  being  con- 
ducted from  Inscho  run  in  wooden  troughs  hewed  out  of  pine  trees.  This  mill  was 
purchased  by  Abram  Smith  and  operated  about  ten  years.  In  1815  Josnua  Colvin 
brought  a  copper  still  and  other  apparatus  from  Herkimer  county,  Ifew  York,  and 
started  a  distillery  in  a  log  building,  near  a  large  spring  north  of  Academy  Comers. 
He  made  whiskey  for  home  consumption,  exchanging  six  quarts  of  whiskey  for  one 
bushel  of  rye  or  com.  In  1818  John  Knox  purchased  Colvin's  outfit  and  built  a 
log  distillery  by  the  Strawbridge  spring,  east  of  Academy  Comers.  This  he  con- 
ducted for  about  five  years. 

About  1814  Eddy  Howland  bought  a  stock  of  goods  and  began  merchandising 
in  a  small  way.  Most  of  his  sales  were  for  barter,  grain,  maple,  sugar,  pelts  and 
lumber  being  accepted  in  exchange  for  goods.  In  1877  the  "Boss  Store"  was  es- 
tablished by  Chaxlotte  A.  Inscho  at  the  west  end  of  Troup's  creek  bridge.  With  the 
exception  of  the  stores  at  Academy  Comers,  noticed  elsewhere  in  this  chapter, 
these  two  stores  have  been  the  only  ones  established  in  the  township. 

Prom  1819  to  about  1824  or  1835  John  Knox  carried  on  a  hotel  in  a  hewed-log 
building,  a  short  distance  east  of  Academy  Comers.  Prom  1830  to  1840  Julius 
and  Elanson  Seelye  ope;rated  a  Hme  kiln  on  the  hill  north  of  the  woolen  factory  at 
Academy  Corners.  In  1851  Loren  Carpenter  built  a  sash  and  blind  factory  on  the 
Cowanesque  road  between  Academy  Comers  and  Knoxville.  This  he  operated  until 
1863.  From  1863  to  1870  he  was  also  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick,  burning 
one  or  two  kilns  a  year. 

In  1830  two  tanneries  were  built,  one  by  Peter  Eushmore,  on  the  west  side  of 
Troup's  creek,  above  Knoxville,  and  the  other  half  a  mile  east  of  Knoxville,  by 
Martin  Bowen.  Eushmore  operated  his  tannery  about  ten  years,  tanning  upper 
leather  and  skins  to  supply  home  demands.  Bowen  tanned  upper  leather  on  shares 
for  one-half  of  the  finished  product.    He  continued  in  business  till  about  1835. 

The  first  cider  mill  in  the  township  was  built  in  1817  by  Eddy  Howland,  who 
operated  it  for  about  ten  years,  manufacturing  cider  for  himself  and  neighbors.  In 
1828  Ebenezer  Seelye  built  a  cider  mill  which  he  operated  about  twelve  years. 

The  Moses  Lee  Cheese  Factory,  the  first  in  the  township,  was  built  by  Moses  Lee 
in  1862,  iQ  what  was  then  a  part  of  Chatham  township,  a  short  distance  north  of 
East  Chatham  postoffice.    He  operated  it  until  1877. 

The  E.  A.  Bean  Cheese  Factory  was  established  in  1875,  by  E.  A.  Bean,  who  still 
owns  and  operates  it.  It  is  located  on  the  west  side  of  Troup's  creek,  just  outside  of 
Knoxville  borough.  The  output  of  cheese  averages  100,000  pounds  annually.  Mr. 
Bean  also  owns  and  operates  a  cheese  factory  at  Austinburg,  Brookfleld  township, 
and  one  near  the  Cady  school  house  in  Parmington  township. 

The  Taft  Broom  Factory  was  established  in  1872,  by  Asa  Delos  Taft,  just  east 
of  Academy  Comers.  He  manufactures  between  30,000  and  30,000  brooms  a  year. 
In  1889  Mr.  Taft  erected  a  fruit  evaporating  plant,  which  he  also  operates,  handUng 
a  large  quantity  of  fruit  each  season. 

/.  S.  Ingham  &  Sons  Woolen  Mill  is  one  of  the  oldest  manufacturing  enterprises 
in  the  county.  The  beginning  of  its  history  dates  to  1837,  when  William  Hurlbut 
and  Eleazer  S.  Seely  purchased  from  Julius  Seelye,  a  water  privilege  and  began  the 


DEEBFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  417 


erection  of  a  woolen  factory  one  mile  east  of  Academy  Corners.  A  building  26  by 
70  and  three  stories  high  was  erected.  In  1839  the  enterprise  passed  into  the  hands 
of  a  stock  company  composed  of  Eleazer  S.  Seely,  Elanson  Seelye,  John  Brownell, 
C.  C.  Welch,  Abel  Hoyt,  Joseph  "Weaver,  A.  J.  Monroe,  Benjamin  S.  Bowen  and 
Emmer  Bowen.  Machinery  was  purchased  and  business  begun  in  the  spring  of  1841, 
with  C.  C.  "Welch,  foreman.  In  July,  1843,  the  shares  of  the  other  owners  were 
purchased  by  Benjamin  S.  and  Emmer  Bowen.  They  continued  to  operate  it  until 
February  7,  1847,  when  the  building,  machinery  and  13,000  pounds  of  wool  were 
destroyed  by  fire.  A  new  building  36  by  80  feet  was  erected,  outfitted  with  the 
latest  improved  machinery,  hauled  overland  from  Eochester,  New  York,  and 
operations  resumed  June  1, 1848.  In  1853  a  shingle  mill  was  added  and  did  a  large 
business.  In  1863  the  entire  property  was  purchased  by  Joseph  Ingham,  a  native  of 
Leeds,  England.  In  1864  his  son,  G.  W.  Ingham,  became  a  partner,  the  business 
being  conducted  until  1876  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  Ingham  &  Son.  Prom  1865 
to  1876  the  firm  consisted  of  Joseph,  Joseph  S.  and  Henry  Ingham,  each  owning 
one-third  interest.  In  1876  Henry  sold  his  interest  to  Joseph  S.  The  father  died 
in  1879,  and  the  business  was  conducted  by  J.  S.  Ingham  until  1887,  when  the 
business  of  manufacturing  cider  and  fruit  jelUes  was  added,  and  the  combined  en- 
terprises have  since  been  carried  on  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  S.  Ingham  &  Sons. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  Cowanesque  valley  was  taught  in  the  winter  of  1803-3, 
by  Betsey  Bodwell— afterward  the  wife  of  John  Hovey— in  a  log  building,  eighteen 
feet  square,  near  the  burying  ground  on  the  Loren  Carpenter  place.  The  building 
— a  typical  pioneer  school  house — was  covered  with  a  cobbed  roof  and  floored  with 
puncheons.  The  benches  were  split  basswood  logs  with  legs.  There  was  a  fireplace 
at  one  end,  the  smoke  from  which  escaped  through  a  hole  in  the  roof.  Among  those 
who  attended  this  school  were  Eeuben  Cook,  Jr.,  Asahel  and  David  Eixford,  Elan- 
son,  Harvey,  Julius,  Anna,  Mehitabel,  Betsey  and  Lucina  Seelye,  Abel  and  Matilda 
Cloos,  and  Archibald,  John,  William  and  Betsey  Knox.  Among  the  early  teachers 
of  this  school  were  Caroline  Scott,  1809;  Mr.  Maxwell,  1814;  John  Knox  and 
Amasa  Knox,  1816.  The  text  books  during  the  first  term  were  limited  to  Webster's 
spelling  book  and  Webster's  reader,  known  as  "The  Third  Part."  Another  early 
school  house  was  built  near  the  woolen  mill  factory.  This  was  known  as  the  Quaker 
school  house.  In  1831  a  school  building  known  as  "Liberty  School  House"  was 
erected  at  Academy  Comers.  Gaylord  Griswold  Colvin  taught  the  first  term  here. 
The  common  school  law  of  1834  was  promptly  accepted  by  the  people  of  the  town- 
ship, since  which  time  new  districts  have  been  created  and  new  school  houses  erected 
to  meet  the  demands  of  an  increasing  population. 

Union  Academy  is  the  name  of  an  institution  of  learning  which  flourished  for 
a  number  of  years  at  Academy  Comers.  Its  history  is  as  follows.  About  1845  an 
effort  was  made  to  establish  in  the  township  an  institution  of  learning  higher  than 
the  ordinary  district  school.  The  idea  originated  with  Allen  Frazer,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  who 
enlisted  the  aid  and  co-operation  of  Caleb  Short,  John  Knox  and  other  citizens. 
Money  was  raised  by  subscription  and  the  erection  of  a  building  begun  at  Academy 
Corners.    Before  it  was  completed,  S.  B.  and  William  Price  bought  it,  finished  it, 

21 


418  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

and  opened  it  for  educational  purposes,  under  the  name  of  Union  Academy,  Decem- 
ber 7,  1847.  The  first  principal,  Hannibal  Goodwin,  was  assisted  by  the  Price 
brothers.  In  1848  Prof.  Young  Y.  Smith  was  placed  in  charge.  In  1849  the  Price 
brothers  assumed  the  principalship,  with  Mrs.  S.  B.  Price  as  preceptress,  a  position 
she  held  for  fifteen  years.  William  Price  left  the  school  in  1850  and  Samuel  B. 
Price  became  principal.  During  1859  and  1860  the  building  was  leased  aud  the 
school  conducted  by  Prof.  Anderson  Kobert  Wightman,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Jane  A. 
(Stanton)  Wightman,  Miss  F.  A.  J.  Conover,  and  Miss  Mary  Abigail  Stauton. 
Classes  were  also  taught  during  a  part  of  this  time  by  Orrin  Mortimer  Stebbins  and 
Charles  Tubbs.  Prof.  S.  B.  Price  resumed  control  of  the  school  in  1861.  In  1867 
Elias  Horton,  Jr.,  bought  the  property,  and  with  the  assistance  of  his  wife  con- 
ducted it  until  March  1,  1871,  when  two  of  the  four  buildings,  which  had  been 
erected  from  time  to  time,  were  consumed  by  fire.  They  were  not  rebuilt  and  the 
academy  passed  out  of  existence.  During  the  twenty-three  years  of  its  history  there 
was  an  average  annual  attendance  of  about  one  hundred  students,  embracing  both 
sexes.  The  site  of  the  academy  is  now  owned  by  William  D.  Knox,  who  resides  in 
one  of  the  buildings. 

EAELY  PHYSICIANS  AND  JUSTICES. 

Eddy  Howlaud,  the  pioneer,  was  the  first  practitioner.  The  next  was  Dr.  Simeon 
Power,  who  came  into  the  county  in  1805.  He  combined  coopering  with  his  prac- 
tice, and  boarded  with  James  Costley,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  opposite  Knox- 
ville.  In  1808  he  removed  to  Tioga,  remaining  there  until  about  1821  when  he 
located  in  Lawreneeville,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Jonathan 
Bonney,  a  one-legged  man,  practiced  through  this  section  during  the  early  part  of 
the  century.  Allen  Frazer,  Jr.,  a  thoroughly  educated  physician  came  into  the 
township  in  1835.  He  died  in  1873.  During  his  lifetime  he  was  prominent,  not 
only  as  a  physician  but  as  a  citizen,  and  held  a  number  of  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 
The  justices  of  the  peace  of  this  township  appointed  and  elected  since  its  organi- 
zation are  as  follows:  Eddy  Howland,  1810;  re-elected,  1838, 1840, 1845;  Titus  Ives, 
1815;  Arnold  Hunter,  1819;  Archibald  Knox,  1819;  re-elected,  1845, 1850;  Henry  B. 
Trowbridge,  1823;  Godfrey  Bowman,  1823;  Jonathan  Bonney,  1824;  John  Good- 
speed,  1828;  re-elected,  1840;  Luke  Scott,  Jr.,  1827;  Shelden  Tuttle,  1838;  Isaac 
Metcalf,  1828;  Allen  Frazer,  1830;  Colton  Knox,  1832;  Archibald  Campbell,  1833; 
Edward  C.  Young,  1834;  John  Wakley,  Jr.,  1835;  Byram  Hunt,  1838;  John  Knox, 
1850;  re-elected,  1855;  Eleazer  S.  Seely,  1852;  re-elected,  1858  and  1863;  Jeremiah 
Stoddard,  1860;  John  Howland,  1866;  Caleb  Short,  1872;  re-elected,  1877,  1882; 
William  A.  Falkner,  1876;  re-elected,  1881,  1886,  1891;  Daniel  H.  Lee,  1887;  re- 
elected, 1892,  1893;  H.  F.  Daniels,  Jr.,  1896. 

CHUHCHES   AND   CEMETEEIES. 

The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Deerfield  was  organized  in  March,  1839,  by 
Eev.  Samuel  Wise,  with  twelve  members,  among  whom  were  Orpha  Costley,  Orva 
Howland,  Laura  D.  Whittaker,  Hannah  C.  Whittaker,  John  C.  Whittaker,  Electa 
Matteson,  Anson  Eowley  and  wife,  and  Enoch  Coffin  and  wife.  This  society  never 
had  a  house  of  worship  of  its  own.     It  worshiped  at  difEerent  times  in  the  Liberty 


DEBBFIBLD    TOWNSHIP.  419 


school  house,  Union  Academy  chapel  and  the  present  school  house  at  Academy  Cor- 
ners. The  following  named  pastors  have  served  this  church:  From  1830  to  1840 — 
Eevs.  John  Steds,  Walter  Brown,  Valorus- Beebe,  James  Bignall  and  Hiram  Bacon; 
1840  to  1850— Eevs.  William  Mack,  Calvin  Dodge  and  Daniel  W.  Hunt;  1850  to 
1860— Eevs.  Asel  Aldrich  and  Selden  Butler;  1870  to  1880— Eevs.  W.  M.  Peck 
and  W.  M.  Sargent.  For  a  number  of  years  the  society  has  had  no  regular  pastor, 
the  members  attending  the  church  at  Knoxville.  A  Sunday-school  is  still  main- 
tained. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Deerfield  was  organized  in  1844,  and  was  known  for 
many  years  as  the  Chatham  and  Farmington  Baptist  church.  The  first  meetings 
were  held  in  the  Wass  school  house  in  Chatham  township.  Among  the  original 
members  were  Walter  Van  Dusen  and  wife,  Chadwick  Clark  and  wife,  Hannah 
Seelye,  Mrs.  Humphrey,  Mrs.  Treat,  Mrs.  Sally  Curran,  Mrs.  Strong,  Edward  Fish 
and  wife,  and  William  Simpson  and  wife.  Walter  Van  Dusen  and  Philip  Vincent 
were  the  first  deacons.  Meetings  were  held  in  school  houses  in  Chatham  and  Farm- 
ington township.  In  1880  the  name  of  the  church  was  changed  to  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Deerfield,  and  in  1886  the  society  in  Knoxville  united  with  this 
church  and  took  its  name.  On  February  38,  1888,  a  new  church  building  costing 
$3,000  was  dedicated.  The  church  now  numbers  fifty  members,  with  thirty  pupils 
in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Fred.  Matteson  is  the  superintendent.  Among  the 
early  pastors  of  this  church  were  Elder  Hunt,  Samuel  Bullock,  Elder  Farley,  and 
others.  Since  1865  the  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  C.  Beebe,  1866-70;  C.  K. 
Bunnell,  1873-74;  J.  M.  Taylor,  1875-76;  H.  E.  Ford,  1877;  P.  Eeynolds,  1878-80; 
Abner  Morrill,  1883;  E.  K.  Hammond,  1884-85;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1888-89;  S.  A. 
Field,  1890-91;  H.  J.  Colestick,  1893;  J.  W.  Lyon,  1894,  and  C.  T.  Frame,  the 
present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  February,  1896. 

Hast  Deerfield  Free  Baptist  Church,  incorporated  November  36,  1873,  known 
as  the  "Butler  Church,"  was  organized  in  September,  1853,  by  Eev.  Selden  Butler. 
Am.ong  the  original  members  were  Eev.  Selden  Butler,  S.  P.  Babeoek  and  wife, 
Oliver  and  William  Babcock,  Mrs.  Sylvia  Wheaton,  Jared  Upham,  Stephen  Odell 
and  wife,  Henry  Seamans  and  wife  and  Luther  Bradley  and  wife.  For  several  years 
the  congregation  worshiped  in  school  houses,  barns  and  dwellings.  Finally  through 
the  efforts  of  Eev.  Selden  Butler,  who  gave  the  site  on  which  it  stands,  embracing 
a  half  acre  of  ground,  and  in  other  ways  afforded  substantial  aid,  a  neat  church 
building  36  by  50  feet,  costing  $1,500,  was  erected  and  dedicated  June  1,  1874.  It 
is  located  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township,  near  the  Farmington  township 
line.  Eev.  Selden  Butler  served  as  pastor  from  1853  to  1857  and  at  various  times 
afterward  when  the  society  had  no  regular  pastor.  His  successors  have  been  Eevs. 
William  Mack,  1857;  W.  M.  Sargent,  1870-73;  Ira  Leach,  1875;  W.  M.  Peck,  1877-80; 
Eev.  Donecker,  1881;  Selden  Butler,  1882;  0.  J.  Moon,  1883-85;  Selden  Butler, 
supply;  W.  S.  Smith,  1891-95,  and  E.  F.  Lyons,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge 
in  April,  1895.     The  church  now  numbers  about  forty-five  members. 

Cemeteries. — One  of  the  oldest  burial  places  in  the  county,  excepting,  of  course, 
the  Indian  burying  grounds,  is  the  oldest  cemetery  on  the  Loren  Carpenter  farm, 
about  a  half  mile  east  of  Academy  Corners.  The  first  interment  was  made  here  in 
1800,  of  a  member,  so  it  is  said,  of  a  surveying  party.     For  lack  of  a  coffin  his  com- 


420  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

panions  placed  the  body  between  two  split  planks,  one  above,  the  other  below,  and 
marked  his  grave  "C.  C.  J.,  1800."  Here  in  an  unmarked  grave  lie  the  remains  of 
William  Knox,  the  pioneer  of  the  township.  Here,  also,  are  buried  other  members 
of  the  Knox  family,  as  well  as  members  of  the  Cloos,  Bulkley,  Short,  Wright,  Falk- 
ner,  Howland,  Ingham  and  other  early  families. 

An  acre  of  ground,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cowanesque,  opposite 
Knoxville,  was  given  for  a  public  burying  ground,  about  fifty  years  ago,  by  Daniel 
Cummings.  Interments  were  made  here  up  to  within  a  few  years.  Many  of  the 
early  settlers  were  buried  here.    The  cemetery  has  never  been  incorporated. 

Highland  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated  August  33,  1886,  is  the  successor 
of  the  Union  Cemetery  Company,  organized  September  14,  1869,  for  the  purpose 
of  purchasing  land  of  Elisha  Bowen  and  Eev.  Selden  Butler  for  cemetery  purposes. 
This  cemetery,  which  contains  one  acre  of  land,  is  situated  near  the  "Butler  Church." 
The  present  board  of  managers  are:  A.  Kizer,  treasurer;  A.  A.  Butler,  secretary; 
A.  Gr.  Gates,  M.  S.  Butler  and  Israel  Seamans. 

VILLAGES. 

Academy  Corners  is  the  name  of  a  village  situated  on  the  Cowanesque  river,  at 
the  mouth  of  Yamall  brook,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Knoxville.  The  first  settler 
on  the  site  of  the  village  was  James  Strawbridge.  The  first  store  was  built  here 
about  1840  by  William  J.  Knox.  The  first  hotel  about  1819  by  John  Knox.  The 
Cowanesque  Hotel  was  built  in  1854  by  William  A.  Falkner.  It  had  a  number  of 
landlords  during  the  nearly  forty  years  of  its  existence.  There  are  three  stores  in 
the  village  now,  the  oldest  as  well  as  the  leading  merchant  being  Martin  V.  Purple. 
A  postolfice  was  established  at  Academy  Corners,  May  29,  1876,  with  Martin  V. 
Purple  as  postmaster.  He  held  the  office  until  October  15,  1888,  when  C.  E.  How- 
land  was  appointed.  He  was  succeeded  July  1,  1891,  by  Mrs.  E.  H.  Campbell,  and 
the  latter  in  May,  1896,  by  Hattie  Cornell. 

The  village  is  the  meeting  place  of  James  Howland  Post,  Ko.  508,  G.  A.  E.,  and 
of  Valley  Grange,  No.  876,  P.  of  H.  The  former  was  organized  January  15,  1886, 
with  twelve  members.  It  meets  in  the  hall  over  M.  V.  Purple's  store.  Besides  pur- 
chasing a  fine  silk  flag  at  a  cost  of  $32,  this  post  has  paid  out  over  $500  for  the 
relief  of  distressed  soldiers  and  their  families.  Valley  Grange  was  organized  March 
25, 1889,  and  is  one  of  the  strongest  granges  in  the  county,  having  a  membership  of 
150.  It  owns  a  two-story,  slate  roof  hall,  purchased  in  1889,  and  is  in  a  flourishing 
condition. 


CHAPTER  XXXL 

KNOXVILLE  BOEOUGH. 

Organization— Origin  of  Name— Area  and  Elevation— Billings  Park— Popula- 
tion—Early  Settlers— Manufacturing  Enterprises— Mbrcantilei  Enter- 
■    prises— Inns  and  Hotels— Schools— Borough  Organization  and  Officials- 
Postmasters— Physicians    AND     Lawyers— Newspapers— Churches— Ceme- 
teries—Societies. 


THE  borough,  of  Knorville  was  organized  in  accordance  with  the  proTisions 
of  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  April  19,  1850,  and  was  named  for 
Archibald  and  William  Knox,  sons  of  the  pioneer  "William  Knox,  who  established 
themselves  in  business  here  between  1815  and  1835 — ^the  former  as  a  merchant  and 
the  latter  as  a  hotel  keeper.  The  borough  area  comprises  365  acres  and  lies  in  the 
angle  formed  by  the  junction  of  Troup's  creek  and  the  Cowanesque  river,  being  east 
of  the  former  and  north  of  the  latter  stream.  The  elevation,  railroad  grade,  is 
1,345  feet  above  tide  water.  The  site  of  the  borough  is  level  and  possesses  natural 
advantages  as  a  manufacturing  and  trading  point.  The  Troup's  creek  valley  renders 
accessible  the  rich  fanning  township  of  Brookfield,  while  good  roads  leading  up 
ravines  and  valleys  south  of  the  river  reach  Chatham  township,  affording  to  those 
living  in  the  northern  part  of  that  township  and  the  eastern  part  of  "Westfield  the 
means  of  reaching  this  desirable  market  and  tradiug  point. 

Aside  from  its  numerous  handsome  residences,  situated  in  the  midst  of  spacious 
and  well-kept  grounds,  the  borough  boasts  an  added  attraction  in  Billings  Park. 
This  park,  which  embraces  about  an  acre  of  ground  on  East  Main  street,  was  leased 
to  the  borough  September  10,  1893,  by  Charles  P.  Billings  for  ninety-nine  years, 
to  be  used  only  for  park  purposes  and  to  be  kept  open  to  the  public.  It  has  since 
been  fenced,  laid  out  with  gravel  walks  and  planted  with  shade  trees.  A  band 
pavilion  has  been  built,  and  many  other  things  done  towards  making  the  park  a 
popular  resort.  It  is  one  of  the  nicest  little  parks  in  the  county  and  a  credit  to 
Knoxville. 

The  borough  has  grown  steadily  since  its  incorporation.  The  population  in  1860 
was  313;  1870,  400;  1880,  459;  1890,  679. 

early  settlers. 

The  land  within  the  Knoxville  borough  limits  forms  a  part  of  Survey  No.  531, 
the  warrant  for  which  was  obtained  May  17,  1785,  by  Thomas  Proctor,  and  the 
location  made  June  35,  1786.  Proctor  served  with  distinction  during  the  Eevo- 
lutionary  War,  taking  part  in  the  capture  of  the  Hessians  at  Trenton,  and  in  the 
battles  of  Princeton,  Germantown  and  Brandywine.  He  commanded  the  artillery 
in  Sullivan's  Expedition  in  1779,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  battle  of  New- 


422  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


town,  near  Elmira,  New  York.  He  resigned  his  commission  as  colonel  April  9, 1781, 
and  died  in  Philadelphia  March  6,  '1806.  The  general  knowledge  he  obtained  of 
this  section  of  the  State,  while  on  the  Sullivan  Expedition,  doubtless,  guided  him  in 
locating  his  warrant.  He  retained  but  a  brief  possession,  however,  selling  his  war- 
rantee rights,  November  33,  1786,  to  James  Strawbridge,  "for  the  consideration 
of  five  shillings  specie,  as  well  as  for  other  good  causes  and  valuable  considerations." 
The  land  thus  became  a  part  of  the  Strawbridge  tract,  to  which  Strawbridge  gave 
the  name  of  "Delight." 

The  first  white  person  to  settle  on  the  borough  site  was  Simon  Eixf  ord,  a  Eevo- 
lutionary  soldier,  who  was  afflicted  with  deafness,  the  result  of  proximity  to  artillery 
fire  during  battle.  He  enlisted  when  fifteen  years  of  age  and  served  seven  years. 
Mr.  Eixford  settled  in  1799,  on  Troup's  creek,  coming  from  Winchester,  Massa- 
chusetts. "With  the  assistance  of  his  sons  Asahel  and  David  he  made  a  clearing,  on 
which  he  resided  until  1830,  when  the  family  removed  to  Mixtown,  in  Clymer  town- 
ship, and  became  pioneers  there.  Luke  Scott,  who  built  the  first  saw-mill  on  Troup's 
creek,  in  1830,  came,  so  his  living  descendants  say,  in  1804,  and  settled  on  the  site 
of  the  borough.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Clymer  township.  The  next  settlers 
were  Jonathan,  Solomon  and  Alexander  Matteson,  who  came  in  1811  from  Herkimer 
county,  New  York,  bringing  with  them  their  aged  parents.  Jonathan  purchased 
about  100  acres  of  land,  now  the  central  part  of  the  borough,  and  Solomon  and 
Alexander  settled  east  of  him.  In  1811  Daniel  Cummings  came  from  Pittsfield, 
Otsego  county.  New  York,  and  bought  a  small  lot  now  occupied  by  the  Gilbert  drug 
store.  In  1813  George  0.  Bristol,  then  seven  years  of  age,  came  to  Knoxville  with 
his  widowed  mother,  who  subsequently  married  Simon  Eixford.  In  1813  Cornelius 
Goodspeed  settled  within  the  borough.  Peter  Eushmore,  the  pioneer  tanner,  and 
Aaron  Alba,  the  first  postmaster,  came  in  1818.  Silas  Billings,  the  lumberman; 
Hiram  Freeborn,  an  early  distiller,  and  later  a  prominent  business  man,  came  in 
1833,  and  Elias  Horton,  a  carpenter,  in  1833.  These  were  the  principal  settlers 
before  1835,  when  the  place  began  to  take  on  the  appearance  of  a  village.  There 
were  doubtless  a  few  here,  as  elsewhere,  who  made  only  a  temporary  stay,  and  who 
were  soon  drawn  farther  west  by  the  opening  up  of  new  lands. 

MANUFACTUEING    ENTEEPEISBS. 

In  1815  Jonathan  Matteson  and  Daniel  Cummings  built  a  log  distillery  in 
Knoxville.  The  water  used  was  brought  from  a  spring  on  the  north  hill,  the  whiskey 
being  distilled  from  corn  and  rye.  Stephen  Colvin,  a  son-in-law  of  Jonathan  Matte- 
son, was  the  distiller.  In  1830  Jonathan  Matteson  became  the  sole  owner,  and 
carried  on  the  enterprise  until  1833.  In  1833  Silas  Billings  and  Hiram  Freeborn 
came  to  Knoxville  and  in  1833  erected  a  distillery,  and  carried  on  the  business  of 
distilling  whiskey,  under  the  name  of  Freeborn  &  Company.  This  partnership 
continued  until  about  1839,  when  Mr.  Freeborn  engaged  in  the  business  for  himself, 
continuing  for  over  twenty  years.  Mr.  Billings  resumed  distilling  in  1830,  con- 
tinuing until  1836. 

A  grist  mill  was  erected  by  Jonathan  Matteson  in  1817  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  Cowanesque  river.     It  was  a  one-run  water-power  mill,  and  was  patronized  by 


KNOXVILLE    BOEOTIGH.  423 


the  settlers  of  Deerfield,  Brookfield  and  Westfield  townships.  James  Costley  appears 
to  have  had  one-fourth  interest  in  this  mill.  It  was  operated  by  various  owners 
until  about  1865. 

Daniel  Cummings'  Fulling  Mill  was  established  in  a  portion  of  Jonathan  Matte- 
son's  grist  mill,  the  cloth-dressing  department  being  in  charge  of  Aaron  Alba,  who 
came  from  Massachusetts  ia  1818,  the  cloth  being  woven  by  hand  in  looms  in  dwelling 
houses.  A  carding  machine  was  added  later  and  placed  in  charge  of  Horace  Streeter. 
This  enterprise  was  successfully  conducted  for  a  number  of  years  previous  to  the 
establishment  of  the  woolen  mill  at  Academy  Comers. 

Silas  Billings'  Enterprises,  in  addition  to  the  distillery  already  mentioned, 
consisted  of  a  saw-mill,  an  oil-mill,  a  grist-mill,  an  ashery  and  a  tannery.  The  saw- 
mill was  established  by  him  in  1823.  He  operated  it  until  1835.  He  also  erected 
an  ashery  and  pearling  works  in  1833,  the  product  of  which  was  hauled  to  Ithaca, 
New  York,  and  to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  and  thence  shipped  to  market.  In 
1834:  he  established  an  oil  mill  for  the  manufacture  of  liaseed  oil.  This  he  operated 
until  1840,  when  he  removed  to  Elmira,  Few  York.  The  mill,  since  rebuilt  and 
now  known  as  the  "Knoxville  EoUer  Mill,"  was  erected  by  him  in  1835,  and  is  one 
of  the  oldest  manufacturing  enterprises  in  the  county.  The  gable  of  the  original 
mill  bore  the  following  inscription: 

"E  Pluribus  Unum. 

Head  Quarters. 

Silas  Billings. 

Bilt  by  John  Spicer. 

A.  D.  1825. 

"Water  power  was  used  until  1854,  when  steam  was  substituted.  The  saw-mill 
has  also  been  operated  in  connection  with  the  grist  mill,  imder  various  owners,  to 
the  present  time.  In  1863  the  property  was  purchased  by  Joel  Johnson.  In  1888 
the  grist  mill  was  rebuilt  and  the  roller  process  adopted,  at  a  cost  of  about  $20,000. 
September  13,  1895,  the  property  was  sold  at  sheriff's  sale,  and  was  purchased  by 
Albert  Dearman,  who  sold  it  in  May,  1896,  to  Burch  &  Conklin,  the  present  owners. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  mills  in  the  county  and  does  a  large  custom  and  mer- 
chant business. 

In  1830  Silas  Billings  purchased  the  tannery  established  in  1823  by  Peter 
Eushmore  and  operated  it  until  1844,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Angell  &  Gilbert, 
the  firm  consisting  of  Daniel  Angell  and  Hiram  Gilbert.  Angell  retired  in  1853, 
but  resumed  control  in  1855,  with  Butler  Pride  as  partner.  In  1859  Angell  sold 
his  interest  to  A.  D.  Knox,  who  sold  to  William  E.  Beard  in  1863.  In  1868  Daniel 
and  Delos  Angell  bought  the  property,  which  was  purchased  in  1873  by  W.  D. 
Angell,  who  sold  it  in  1878  to  Thomas  Brock,  who  carried  it  on  until  1893,  when 
it  ceased  operations. 

The  Knoxville  Foundry  was  built  in  1851,  by  Gleason,  Biles  &  Eobie,  of  Bath, 
New  York,  the  business  being  conducted  by  John  P.  Biles  until  1876,  and  then  by 
Solomon  Gleason  until  1884,  when  the  property  was  purchased  by  Clark  B.  Bailey 
and  owned  by  him  until  1888,  when  the  foundry  and  machine  shop  was  destroyed 
by  fire. 


424  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


The  Knoxville  Sash  and  Blind  Factory  and  Planing  Mill  was  established  in  1852 
by  Henry  Seely.  It  burned  in  1863  and  was  rebuilt  in  1864,  and  thereafter,  until 
1880,  owned  and  operated  by  various  parties.  In  the  latter  year  the  property  was 
purchased  by  Ira  M.  Edgcomb.  In  1884  the  firm  of  Ira  M.  Edgeomb  &  Sons  was 
formed.  They  still  carry  on  the  enterprise,  doing  a  large  business  annually  and 
giving  constant  employment  to  fifteen  men. 

Chester  Wells'  Furniture  Factory  was  established  in  1869  and  carried  on  for 
nearly  twenty  years,  the  business  being  confined  to  the  sale  and  manufacture 
of  household  furniture. 

D.  L.  Freeborn's  Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  was  established  in  1884.  It  gives 
employment  to  six  men,  and  besides  doing  a  general  foundry  and  machine-repairing 
business,  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  wood-mills  and  steel  land-rollers. 

HEECANTILE    ENTEEPEISES. 

Scarce  &  Wing  were  the  pioneer  merchants  of  Knoxville.  They  began  business 
in  1815,  took  lumber  in  payment  for  goods,  and  soon  quit,  losing  heavily.  Harvey 
Hemingway  succeeded  them,  but  only  remained  for  a  short  time.  Archibald  Knox 
began  business  in  1818  and  continued  for  many  years.  Silas  Billings  engaged  in 
merchandising  in  1823  and  at  once  took  the  lead  in  trade.  0.  P.  and  Nehemiah 
Beach  began  business  in  1836  and  continued  several  years.  Albert  Dearman,  a 
carpenter,  came  to  Knoxville  in  1844,  began  as  a  clerk  for  0.  P.  Beach,  and  in  1845 
became  a  partner,  the  firm  becoming  Beaiih  &  Dearman.  In  1849  the  firm  dissolved 
and  was  succeeded  by  A.  &  J.  Dearman,  Justus  Dearman,  a  brother  of  Albert,  becom- 
ing his  partner.  In  1862  Albert  withdrew  and  embarked  in  business  for  himself. 
In  1871  Justus  Dearman's  store  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  was  rebuilt  in  1873.  He 
died  December  14,  1880,  leaving  his  brother,  Albert  Dearman,  the  senior  merchant 
of  the  borough.  In  1826  Victor  Case  began  selling  goods  as  a  clerk  for  SUas  Bill- 
ings, and  about  1836  went  into  bupiness  for  himself,  continuing  until  1872,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  Linden  Case.  Levi  Eeynolds  opened  a  store  in  1845 
and  continued  in  business  with  but  a  brief  interruption  till  1876.  Jones  &  Young 
began  selling  tinware  in  1852,  and  in  1853  Giles  Koberts,  still  in  business,  bought 
them  out.  He  has  had  seyeral  partners  in  the  meantime.  These  wers  the  principal 
business  enterprises  established  here  up  to  1853.  Since  then  each  year  has  witnessed 
a  new  undertaking,  some  to  remain  a  short  time  while  others  have  established  them- 
selves in  public  favor  and  are  permanent  and  prosperous. 

INNS    AND    HOTELS. 

The  traveling  public  was  entertained  as  early  as  1815  at  the  house  of  Daniel 
Cummings,  who  also  owned  an  interest  in  a  distillery  and  supplied  his  patrons  with 
'liquid  refreshments."  His  house  stood  on  Main  street,  west  of  the  present  brick 
hotel.  In  1822  Stephen  Colvin  built  a  frame  hotel  near  the  site  of  the  Gilbert  drug 
store.  His  successors  were  Charles  Eyon,  1844,  and  A.  J.  Monroe,  1845.  This  hotel 
was  demolished  in  1851  and  Olmstead  P.  Beach  erected  a  new  one  on  its  site,  carry- 
ing it  on  until  1860,  when  the  unfinished  building,  known  as  the  "Ark,"  was  com- 
pleted for  use  as  stores.  A  log  hotel,  called  the  Eixford  House,  was  built  in  1824, 
by  "William  Knox,  and  kept  open  as  a  hotel  till  1829.    A  large  building  was  erected 


KNOXVILLB    B0E0U6H.  ^2E 


hj  Silas  Billings  in  1826,  on  East  Main  street,  opened  as  a  hotel,  and  conducted  by 
Mm  till  1832.  It  had  many  landlords  and  was  known  as  the  "Knoxville  House." 
"Weaver  House,"  "Eagle,"  etc.  In  1883  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  Capt.  B.  A.  Signor 
being  the  landlord  at  the  time.  The  large  brick  building,  now  known  as  the  Adams 
House,  was  remodeled  in  1871  for  hotel  purposes  by  Jeremiah  Stoddard.  The  land- 
lords here  have  been  Jeremiah  Stoddard,  A.  D.  Bryan,  A.  B.  Graves,  S.  B.  Lovelace, 
H.'  G.  Short  and  John  S.  Adams.  The  hotel  is  now  owned  and  carried  on  by  Mrs. 
J.  S.  Adams,  widow  of  the  last-named  landlord.  "What  is  known  as  the  Seely  Hotel, 
near  the  Edgcomb  planing  mill,  was  erected  in  1884  by  J.  O'Harrigan,  and  kept  for 
several  years  by  himself  and  his  son.  The  present  landlord  is  jSTat  Seely.  About 
1886  Andrew  Stevens  erected  what  is  now  known  as  the  Dunham  House,  near  the 
Fall  Brook  depot.  Since  his  death  the  house  has  been  kept  by  Mrs.  "W.  W.  Dunham, 
Mrs.  Stevens'  mother.     It  is  now  run  as  a  temperance  house. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  Knoxville  was  erected  in  1817,  and  was  built  of  plank, 
dove-tailed  and  dowel-pianed  to  the  frame.  In  1834  a  better  house  was  bmlt,  on 
the  south  side  of  Main  street,  and  farther  east.  Between  1855  and  1860  the  school 
district  rented  the  Quaker  meeting  house,  owing  to  a  dispute,  involving  possession 
of  the  school  house,  with  John  Groodspeed,  who  nailed  up  the  building,  "illegally 
using  it,"  as  the  directors  set  forth  in  their  proceeding,  "for  a  store  room."  Being 
unable  to  dispossess  him,  except  by  violence,  they  "left  the  house  in  his  possession." 
A  law  suit  and  finally  a  settlement  followed.  In  1858  a  lot  was  bought  of  Julius  G. 
Seely  and  a  school  building  erected,  which  has  since  been  enlarged  and  improved, 
and  a  graded  school  system  adopted.  The  school  has  always  been  well  conducted 
and  the  course  of  study  such  as  to  give  pupils  a  good  English  education.  Among 
the  early  teachers  were  Sophia  Hale,  who  taught  in  1818;  Gaylord  Griswold  Colvin, 
1821;  Anson  Eowley,  1822;  Abbey  Goodspeed,  1828;  Madison  Darling,  1832; 
Ehoda  Horton,  1835;  H.  G.  Olmstead,  1837;  Victor  Case,  1838,  and  Hiram  K. 
Hill,  1839. 

BOKOUGH    OHGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  borough  of  Knoxville  was  organized,  as  previously  stated,  April  19,  1850. 
The  first  council  meeting  was  held  February  28,  1851,  and  Butler  B.  Strang  elected 
clerk.  At  a  meeting  held  May  6,  1851,  A.  J.  Monroe  and  George  A.  Mead  were 
elected  street  commissioners;  Daniel  Angell,  treasurer,  and  Archibald  D.  Knox, 
poundmaster.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  burgesses  elected  since  the  organ- 
ization of  the  borough:  Herman  Temple,  1851;  Hiram  Freeborn,  1852-53;  David 
T.  Billings,  1854;  Daniel  Angell,  1855-56;  Julius  Morgan,  1857;  John  P.  Biles, 
1858;  Augustus  Alba,  1859;  Charles  0.  Bowman,  1860;  Charles  H.  Goldsmith, 
1861;  Justus  Dearman,  1862-64;  Giles  Koberts,  1865-66;  Julius  G.  Seelye,  1867; 
"William  Markham,  1868;  "William  Morse,  1869;  Augustus  Alba,  1870;  John  M. 
Christie,  1871;  Giles  Eoberts,  1872;  "William  Morse,  1873;  Lucius  Matteson,  1874; 
John  M.  Christie,  1875-76;  Charies  Boom,  1877;  Albert  Dearman,  1878-80;  John 
F.  Boom,  1880-81;  Albert  Dearman,  1882;  H.  G.  Short,  1883;  John  Goodspeed, 
1884;  Giles  Eoberts,  1885;  John  T.  Gear,  1886-87;  Albert  Dearman,  1888-96,  and 
I.  M.  Edgcomb,  elected  in  1897. 


426  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

The  following  named  persons  have  been  elected  justices  of  the  peace  for  the 
borough:  Andrew  Beers  and  Cornelius  Van  Dyck,  1851;  W.  B.  Dimmick,  1853; 
John  E.  WMte,  1854;  re-elected  in  1857, 1864, 1869, 1874  and  1879;  J.  W.  Bellews, 
1855;  Nathan  Comstock,  1858;  Victor  Case,  1861;  Nelson  G.  Ray,  1862;  John  P. 
Biles,  1862;  Giles  Roberts,  1867;  re-elected  in  1872;  James  C.  Goodspeed,  1882; 
P.  G.  Babcoek,  1884;  W.  D.  Angell,  1889;  re-elected,  1894;  James  R.  Butler,  1892; 
Giles  Roberts,  1894,  and  A.  B.  Hitchcock,  1897. 

POSTMASTEES. 

The  Knoxville  postoffice  was  established  November  20,  1822,  with  Aaron  Alba 
postmaster.  He  was  commissioned  in  December,  1822,  and  held  the  office  until  Jan- 
uary 23,  1830,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Colton  Knox,  who  held  until  October  3, 
1831,  when  Mr.  Alba  was  again  appointed.  August  12,  1841,  Victor  Case  took  the 
office,  and  held  it  until  March  15,  1843,  when  Mr.  Alba  once  more  became  post- 
master, and  was  succeeded  October  9,  1847,  by  Daniel  Angell.  January  30,  1849, 
Victor  Case  was  again  appointed,  and  was  succeeded,  March  2, 1851,  by  Samuel  May, 
Jr.  Hiram  Freeborn  became  postmaster  July  26,  1853;  Levi  B.  Reynolds,  May  13, 
1861,  and  Victor  Case  again  April  29,  1869.  Linden  Case  was  appointed  January  6, 
1873.  His  successor  was  Jerome  W.  Hathaway,  who  held  until  October  30,  1889, 
when  Frank  L.  Gilbert  succeeded  him  and  served  four  years.  H.  A.  Ashton,  the 
present  incumbent,  was  appointed  October  30,  1893. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    LAWYERS. 

Eddy  Howland,  Dr.  Simeon  Power  and  Jonathan  Bonney,  all  of  whom  are 
mentioned  in  the  chapter  on  Deerfield  township,  were  the  pioneer  physicians.  Allen 
Frazer,  though  residing  at  Academy  Corners,  included  Knoxville  in  his  practice.  He 
came  in  1825.  Ephraim  Fuller  located  in  1830  and  Pliny  Power  in  1831.  Each 
remained  about  a  year.  Thaddeus  Phelps  came  in  1832  and  left  in  1834.  Richard  I. 
Jones  came  in  1837  and  remained  until  1840.  Herman  Temple,  a  student  of  Allen 
Frazer,  practiced  from  1840  till  his  death  in  1852.  William  B.  Rich  located  in 
Knoxville  in  1843  and  practiced  thirty  years.  Jerome  Knapp  began  practice  in 
Knoxville  in  1851.  He  died  in  1854.  Dr.  Ira  W.  Bellews  came  in  1854  and  practiced 
until  1870.  Dr.  H.  A.  Phillips  practiced  here  from  1867  to  his  death  in  1877.  C.  M. 
Phillips,  a  student  of  Dr.  H.  A.  Phillips,  was  in  practice  here  a  short  time  previous  to 
1881,  when  he  removed  to  Rathboneville,  New  York.  Dr.  Charles  Albert  Reese,  a 
native  of  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania,  began  practice  in  Knoxville  in  1875  and  is 
still  a  resident  physician  of  the  borough.  Walter  R.  Francis,  a  native  of  Wellsboro, 
practiced  in  Knoxville  from  1878  to  1891,  when  he  removed  to  Marion,  Indiana. 
Alonzo  Kibbe,  a  native  of  Potter  county,  located  in  Knoxville  in  April,  1891,  and 
has  since  pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  success.  Dr.  Charles  Trexler 
became  a  resident  physician  of  the  borough  in  January,  1897. 

A.  J.  Monroe  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Knoxville  in  1851.  In  1859  he 
removed  to  Monticello,  Iowa.  Charles  0.  Bowman  practiced  in  Knoxville  from 
1852  to  1865,  when  he  removed  to  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania.  Charles  L.  Peek,  a 
native  of  Farmington,  studied  law  under  Hon.  M.  F.  Elliott,  and  practiced  in  Knox- 
ville from  1872  to  1876.     John  Ormerod  came  from  Coudersport,  Potter  county,  in 


KNOSVILLB    BOEOUGH. 


427 


1877,  and  practiced  in  Knoxville  until  1881.  John  T.  Gear,  a  native  of  Pittsford, 
Monroe  county,  New  York,  was  admitted  to  the  Potter  county  bar  in  June,  1881,  and 
December  1,  of  that  year,  opened  an  office  in  Knoxville,  where  he  has  since  resided 
and  successfully  practiced  his  profession.  H.  A.  Ashton,  the  present  postmaster 
of  Knoxville,  was  admitted  to  the  Tioga  county  bar  in  December,  1887,  and  imme- 
diately located  in  Knoxville.     He  has  since  built  up  a  fair  practice. 

NEWSPAPEES. 

The  Knoxville  Courier  was  established  November  1,  1883,  as  a  six-column 
quarto,  by  A.  H.  Owens.  In  1884  the  firm  became  Owens  &  Culver,  who  ran  it  as 
a  Eepublican  paper.  In  1885  La  Mont  Brothers  became  proprietors,  and  in  1886 
it  was  conducted  by  Edward  E.  La  Mont.  In  1889  Frank  G.  Babcock  became 
proprietor  and  changed  it  to  a  folio,  and  ran  it  as  independent  in  politics.  November 
1,  1889,  it  was  purchased  by  Charles  E.  Brugler,  the  present  proprietor.  It  is  all 
home  print,  independent  in  politics,  and  devoted  to  local  interests.  Mr.  Brugler 
has  condxicted  it  with  ability,  and  it  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  local  papers  in 
the  county.  It  has  a  pajdng  and  growing  subscription  list.  A  well  equipped  job 
office  is  run  in  connection  with  it. 

CHTIKCHES. 

A  Quaker  Society  was  organized  about  1813  and  a  meeting  house  erected. 
Among  the  early  members  were  Ebenezer  and  Mehitabel  Seelye,  Julius  and  Joanna 
Seelye,  Joseph  and  Euth  Colvin,  Emmer  and  Huldali  Bowen,  Jesse  Lapham  and 
wife,  George  Martin  and  wife,  and  Martin  and  Freelove  Bowen.  This  society  main- 
tained its  organization  and  held  meetings  for  many  years.  The  children  and  grand- 
children of  the  original  and  early  members  drifted  into  other  denominations,  and  the 
society  finally  passed  out  of  existence.  The  old  meeting  house  is  now  occupied  as 
a  dwelling. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church    of  Knoxville,  incorporated  December 
5,  1867,  dates  the  beginning  of  its  history  to  meetings  held  previous  to   1815  by 
William  Knox,  a  local  preacher  and  exhorter.     The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  Samuel 
Conant,  who  began  his  ministrations  about  1815.     In  1836  a  parsonage  was  built 
in  the  western  part  of  the  borough,  Zadoc  Bowen  making  a  free  gift  of  the  land. 
It  has  been  a  matter  of  difficulty  to  secure  the  names  of  the  pastors  in  the  order  of 
their  service.     The  following,  however,  is  an  approximately  complete  list:    Between 
1830   and    1830— Eevs.  John  Copeland,  Mr.  Bell,  Mr.  Carey,  Asa  Orcutt,  Caleb 
Kendall,  and  I.  J.  B.  McKinney.     Between  1830  and  1840— Eevs.  Bell,  Mr.  Dewey, 
Nathan  Fellows  and  Ealph  D.  Brooks.     Between  1840  and  1850— Eevs.  Francis  W. 
Conable,  Milo  Scott,  Samuel  Nichols,  J.  L.  S.  Grandin,  Mr.  Turk  and  A.  D.  Edgar. 
Between  1850  and  1860 — Eevs.  Davison,  James  Duncan,  Samuel  Nichols,  E.  L.  Still- 
well,  Samuel  P.  Guernsey  and  Elisha  Sweet.     Cornelius  Dillenbeck,  1863-63;  C.  L. 
F.  Howe,  0.  B.  "Weaver,  1865-68;    Isaac  Everitt,  1868-71;    John  H.  Blades,  1871-73; 
Charles  Weeks,  1873-74;  J.  Y.  Lowell,  1875-77;  W.  W.  Hunt,  1877;  J.  W.  Bamett, 
1878;    J.  0.  Jarman,  1879-80;    John  Knapp,  1881-83;    G.  S.  Spencer,  1883-85; 
John  Irons,  1885;  C.  M.  Gardner,  1886-89;  H.  J.  Owens,  1890-94,  and  S.  C.  Farn- 
ham,  who  came  in  October,  1894.     In  1871  a  frame  church  building  was  erected 


428  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  In  IS??  the  old  parsonage  was  exchanged  for  the  residence  of 
Clark  B.  Bailey,  a  difference  of  $1,400  being  paid.  The  church  at  present  consists 
of  117  memhers.  There  are  110  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  H.  M.  Cleye- 
land  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Knoxville  Free  Church  Association,  incorporated  February  6,  1867,  was 
organized  October  24,  1851,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  a  house  of  public  worship 
in  the  borough  of  Knoxville,  for  the  use  of  the  different  Christian  denominations 
desiring  to  hold  services  in  it.  Stock  was  sold  at  $10  a  share,  each  member  having 
one  vote  for  each  share  owned  by  him.  The  stock  was  taken  by  nearly  all  the  leading 
citizens  of  Elnozville,  many  of  the  subscribers  being  members  of  no  denomination. 
Hiram  Freeborn,  Henry  Freeborn,  Daniel  Angell,  David  T.  Billings  and  John  Good- 
speed  gave  $100  each  to  the  enterprise.  A  lot  was  purchased  of  Jonathan  Matteson 
for  $50,  which  he  donated.  Until  1869  this  was  the  only  church  building  in  Knox- 
ville. In  1866  a  bell  was  piu-ehased,  and  in  1867  a  "time  table"  was  made  out  and 
agreed  to  by  Methodists,  "Christians"  and  Hniversalists.  The  building  is  now 
used  as  a  house  of  worship  by  the  "Christian"  church,  which  was  organized  October 
15,  1865. 

The  Christian  Church  of  Knoxville,  incorporated  October  2, 1893,  was  organized 
October  15,  1865,  by  Eev.  Chester  D.  Kinney,  of  Osceola;  Eev.  Mr.  White,  of  Wat- 
kins,  New  York;  Eev.  J.  W.  K.  Stewart,  of  Lawrenceville,  and  Eev.  W.  D.  Euther- 
f ord,  of  Knoxville.  The  church  has  now  fifty  members,  with  forty-five  pupils  in  the 
Sunday-school,  of  which  the  pastor  is  superintendent.  The  names  of  the  ministers 
who  have  served  this  church  as  pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  W.  D.  Eutherford, 
1865;  H.  E.  Kendall,  1866;  Chester  D.  Kinney,  1868;  A.  T.  Abbott,  1876;  Walter 
T.  Mills,  1878;  J.  E.  Hayes,  1880;  Elias  Jones,  1886;  E.  B.  Elbridge,  1886;  Oscar 
Brann,  1887;  J.  L.  Box,  1888;  T.  V.  Moore,  1889;  J.  W.  Wilson,  1890;  L.  A.  Dyke- 
man,  1891,  and  Ira  L.  Peck,  who  came  April  1,  1894.  The  society  worships  in  the 
Free  Church  building. 

The  First  Evangelical  Congregational  Church  of  Knoxville,  incorporated  June 
18, 1870,  was  organized  April  28, 1867,  by  Eev.  L.  Smith  Holbert,  with  seven  mem- 
bers, viz:  Joel  and  Caroline  Johnson  and  daughter  Frances,  Elias  Horton,  Jr.,  and 
Adah,  his  wife,  J.  P.  Biles  and  Miss  Emily  Goodspeed.  The  names  of  the  pastors 
are  as  follows:  Eevs.  J.  A.  Farrer,  1868;  John  Cairns,  1870;  W.  H.  Segston,  1872, 
and  A.  C.  Palmer,  1875.  The  society  began  the  erection  of  a  brick  church  building  in 
1869,  which  was  completed  and  dedicated  February  2, 1871.  The  building  of  this 
edifice  involved  the  society  in  debt  and  it  was  sold  in  1888,  and  is  now  owned  and 
used  by  the  Presbyterian  church,  organized  May  9,  1888,  into  which  the  Congrega- 
tional society  merged. 

The  Baptist  Church  of  Knoxville  was  organized  March  7, 1868,  with  seven  mem- 
bers, as  follows:  E.  P.  Masterson,  P.  J.  Masterson,  Miss  Frank  Masterson,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Short,  William  E.  Simpson  and  Mrs.  Clara  Plaisted.  For  a  number  of 
years  this  society  worshiped  in  the  Congregational  church  building.  In  1886  this 
society  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Deerfield.  On  February  28,  1888, 
a  new  church  building  costing  $2,000  was  dedicated.  The  names  of  the  pastors  of 
this  church  from  the  organization  to  1886  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  W.  P.  Omans,  1868; 
Stephen  H.  Murdock,  1871;   C.  K.  Bunnell,  1873;   C.  A.  Diffin,  1876;   Philander 


KNOXVILLB    BOROUGH.  429 


Eeynolds,  1878;  S.  L.  Bouvier,  1883;  Abner  Morrill,  1883;  E.  K.  Hammoiid,  1884. 
Since  the  union  the  pastors  have  been  the  same  as  those  given  in  the  history  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Deerfield,  in  the  chapter  on  Deerfield  township. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Association  of  Knoxville  was  organized  May  9,  and  incor- 
porated September  3,  1888.  There  were  thirteen  original  members,  as  follows: 
Dr.  George  W.  and  Mary  Korthrop,  Joel  Johnson,  Dr.  Ira  W.  Bellews,  Maxy  A. 
Bellews,  Marion  Sturnock,  Lucy  Boom,  Lavantia  W.  Eeynolds,  Charles  L.  Hoyt, 
Mariette  Gilbert,  Elizabeth  D.  Howland  and  Clement  D.  Northrop.  Eev.  S.  H. 
Moon,  D.  D.,  Ph.D.,  was  the  pastor  of  this  church  from  its  organization  until  Janu- 
ary, 1897,  having  charge  also  of  the  churches  in  Osceola  and  Elkland.  In  January, 
1897,  Eev.  J.  B.  "Woodward,  the  present  pastor,  took  charge.  The  society  now  num- 
bers thirty  members.  In  1888  this  society  acquired  the  Congregational  church 
building,  which  it  still  owns  and  in  which  it  worships.  There  axe  thirty  pupils 
in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  C.  L.  Hoyt  is  the  superintendent. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  Old  Quaker  Burying  Ground  is  situated  on  the  south  side  of  Main  street, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  borough.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  strict  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Friends  erected  no  tombstones  or  monuments  over  their  dead, 
the  early  graves  in  this  inclosure  are  unmarked.  Here  rest,  however,  the  remains 
of  members  of  the  Howland,  Handy,  Seelye,  Bowen,  Clark,  Pease  and  other  well- 
known  families.  Over  the  graves  of  those  dying  in  later  years  suitable  monuments 
have  been  reared.  In  this  graveyard  lies  buried  the  remains  of  Eev.  Elisha  Sweet, 
a  member  of  the  East  Genesee  Conference,  who  died  September  7,  1869,  aged  fifty- 
nine. 

The  Free  Church  Cemetery  adjoins  that  edifice  on  the  south.  Here,  about  1832, 
were  re-buried  the  remains  of  the  occupants  of  the  graves  of  the  first  burying  ground 
in  the  borough,  which  was  on  Main  street,  not  far  east  of  Troup's  creek.  Members 
of  the  Knox,  Alba,  Colvin,  Matteson,  AVhite,  Gilbert,  Billings,  Beach,  Goodspeed 
and  other  early  families  lie  buried  here.  The  last  interment  here  was  in  January, 
1884,  when  the  remains  of  John  E.  White  were  buried. 

The  Riverside  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  August  26,  1887,  the 
incorporators  being  J.  C.  Goodspeed,  Sidney  Beach,  J.  T.  Gear,  Ira  M.  Edgeomb  and 
"W.  H.  Edgeomb.  The  grounds  of  this  association  are  located  south  of  the  river  on 
the  old  John  Goodspeed  farm.  Since  the  prohibition  by  the  borough  council  of 
further  burials  in  either  of  the  cemeteries  within  the  borough  limits,  interments  have 
been  made  in  this  cemetery. 

SOCIETIES. 

During  the  past  fifty  years  a  number  of  secret,  social  and  benevolent  societies 
have  been  organized  in  Knoxville.  The  pioneer  society  was  Cowanesque  Lodge,  No. 
232,  I.  0.  0.  P.  It  was  organized  March  21,  1849.  In  1867  it  was  removed  to 
Mansfield.  June  11,  1872,  Deerfield  Lodge,  No.  800,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  was  organized. 
It  passed  out  of  existence  in  1883,  the  records  being  transferred  to  Jemison  Lodge, 
No.  333,  Westfield.  Cowanesque  Division,  No.  359,  Sons  of  Temperance,  was 
organized  June  14,  1849,  and  continued  in  existence  about  ten  years.     Cowanesque 


430  HISTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Lodge,  No.  351,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized  December  5,  1864,  and  now  numbers 
thirty-eight  members.  A.  &  G.  Seely  Post,  No.  44,  G.  A.  E.,  was  organized  July  10, 
1875.  It  surrendered  its  charter  in  1879.  Its  members  meet  with  James  Howland 
Post,  No.  508,  at  Academy  Corners.  Knoxville  Lodge,  No.  760,  K.  of  H.,  was  organ- 
ized October  5,  1877,  and  now  numbers  sixty  members.  Knoxville  Union,  No.  371, 
E.  A.  U.,  organized  March  22,  1881,  is  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Knoxville  Tent, 
No.  163,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  April  20,  1893.  It  now  numbers  forty  mem- 
bers and  is  rapidly  growing,  new  members  being  added  at  almost  every  meeting. 


CHAPTEE 

WESTFIBLD   TOWNSHIP. 

Organization  —  Physical  Characteristics  —  Population  —  Early  Settlers- 
Early  Enterprises— Schools  and  Justices— Churches  and  Cemeteries- 
Villages. 


WESTFIELD  township,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Brookfield  township,  on  the 
east  by  Chatham  township,  on  the  south  by  Clymer  township  and  on  the  west 
by  Potter  county,  was  organized  in  December,  1821,  and  was  taken  from  Deerfield 
township.  The  origin  of  its  name  is  attributed  to  the  fact  that  it  was  then  the 
western  limit  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  Cowanesque  va,lley.  At  the  time  of  its 
organization  its  area  included  all  of  Brookfield  township,  taken  from  it  in  February, 
1827,  and  a  part  of  Clymer  township,  taken  from  it  and  Gaines  township  in  Decem- 
ber, 1850.  As  at  present  constituted,  it  is  seven  miles  from  east  to  west,  has  an 
average  width  from  north  to  south  of  three  and  one-half  miles,  and  contains  about 
twenty-four  square  miles.  The  east,  west  and  south  boundary  lines  are  straight, 
and  the  northern  boundary  line  irregular,  its  general  direction  from  southwest  to 
northeast  being  the  same  as  the  Cowanesque  river,  which  flows  through  the  northern 
part  of  the  township.  It  is  said  that  the  somewhat  eccentric  irregularities  of  this  line 
are  due  to  the  surveyor  getting  his  figures  "mixed"  while  snow-boimd  at  a  house  in 
Broolcfield  township.  That  portion  of  the  township — about  one-fourth  of  its  area — 
lying  north  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  is  a  narrow  strip,  averaging  less  than  a  mile 
wide,  about  equally  divided  between  level  valley  and  steep  hillside.  The  river 
valley,  which  averages  about  half  a  mile  in  width,  is  comparatively  level  and  its 
soil  fertile  and  productive.  In  this  valley  are  situated  the  borough  of  Westfield, 
and  the  villages  of  Potter  Brook,  Cowanesque  and  Phillips  Station.  South  of  the 
Cowanesque  river,  beyond  the  hills  that  line  its  valley,  the  township,  though  rugged 


WESTFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  43]^ 


and  broken,  is  usually  described  as  rolling.  It  is  nearly  all  tillable  and  abounds  in 
well-cultivated  and  productive  farms.  The  township  is  one  of  the  best  watered  in 
the  county,  and  its  streams  axe  all  tributaries  of  the  Cowanesque  river.  From  the 
north  it  receives  North  Fork,  California  and  Purple  brooks,  which  flow  in  a  south- 
east direction  from  Brookfield  township.  The  streams  that  flow  from  the  south 
are  Potter  brook,  Crause  brook.  Mill  creek,  Tuttle  brook  and  Jemison  creek,  all  of 
which,  except  Tuttle  brook,  rise  in  Clymer  township.  All  those  various  streams 
have  their  rise  in  springs  and  their  waters  are  clear  and  sparkling.  In  the  early 
days  they  abounded  in  brook  trout,  the  disappearance  of  which  has  long  been  a 
source  of  regret  to  the  disciples  of  "Izaak  Walton."  Westfleld  is  an  agricultural 
township,  and  its  farmers  are  industrious,  intelligent  and  prosperous. 

Since  its  organization  Westfleld  has  had  taken  from  it  Brookfield  townshi;^, 
Westfield  borough  and  a  part  of  Clymer  township.  Each  of  these  reductions  of  area 
took  from  it  also  a  certain  number  of  inhabitants.  Since  the  creation  of  Westfleld 
borough  in  1867,  the  census  returns  have  shown  the  following  number  of  inhabitants: 
1870,  912;  1880,  907,  and  1890,  1,361. 

EAELT     SETTLBES. 

The  first  person  to  settle  within  the  township  boundaries  appears  to  have 
been  Eeuben  Cook,  Sr.,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  the  chapter  devoted  to 
Westfield  borough.  It  is  generally  conceded,  however,  that  the  first  permanent 
settler  was  Ayers  Tuttle.  He  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  into  the  township 
about  1809,  and  located  just  east  of  the  present  borough  limits.  He  also  bought  a 
part  of  the  Eeuben  Cook  tract,  now  within  the  borough  limits.  His  son,  Cyrus 
Tuttle,  bom  May  9,  1815,  is  the  oldest  living  person  born  in  the  township.  In  1810 
Jesse  Lapham,  a  Quaker,  came  from  Ehode  Island,  and  settled  on  what  is  now 
known  as  the  J.  H.  Batcheller  place,  at  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek,  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  township.  This  creek  is  said  to  have  taken  its  name  from  Mary 
Jemison,  "the  white  woman  of  the  Genesee."  Others  attribute  the  origin  of  the 
name  to  the  fact  that  John  Jemison,  her  half-breed  son,  used  to  hunt  and  flsh  in  this 
locality.  Mr.  Lapham  resided  at  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek  until  1816,  when  he 
purchased  200  acres  of  land  in  the  western  part  of  the  present  borough  of  Westfield. 
He  was  the  first  resident  carpenter  and  the  first  practical  surveyor  in  the  township. 
He  also  dug  the  first  well  in  the  township,  on  that  part  of  his  place  now  known  as 
the  Zacheus  Mallory  farm.  A  man  named  Eiggs  was  also  one  of  the  first  settlers  in 
the  township.  He  took  up  and  partially  cleared  land  at  the  mouth  of  North  Fork, 
afterwards  owned  by  Jonathan  Pierce,  and  now  by  Eev.  0.  B.  Weaver  and  others. 
Nathaniel  Mann  was  another  early  settler.  The  year  of  his  coming  is  not  known; 
but  inasmuch  as  his  name  appears  in  the  list  of  the  supervisors  of  Deerfield  township 
— which  then  included  the  territory  of  Westfield  township — for  the  year  1815,  he 
must  have  been  among  the  very  first.  He  built  the  first  frame  house  in  the  township. 
It  was  erected  about  1813  and  stood  by  the  roadside,  near  the  present  residence  of 
K.  B.  Hill,  between  the  California  and  Purple  brook  crossings.  Mr.  Mann  was 
killed  about  1826  or  1827,  while  building  a  bridge  on  the  Jonathan  Seamans  place. 
John  Thomas,  also  an  early  settler,  located  on  land  which  he  afterwards  sold  to 
Shelden  Tuttle.    Samuel  Atkins,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  into  the  township 


432  HISTOKT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

at  an  early  day  and  cleared  a  farm.  His  son,  Zena  Atkins,  was  one  of  the  first  town- 
ship supervisors.  William  Dyer  Weeks,  a  native  of  Vermont,  settled,  in  1812,  on  the 
land,  at  the  mouth  of  the  North  Fork,  now  occupied  by  King's  saw-mill  and  the 
Westfield  fair  grounds.  In  1814  Lindsay  Mulf ord,  a  native  of  New  England,  settled 
at  the  mouth  of  Jamison  creek,  and  cleared  several  farms  in  the  township  before  his 
death. 

Jonathan  Seamans,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  came  in  1817  and  settled  within 
the  present  borough  limits,  and  is  referred  to  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  the  borough. 
He  subsequently  removed  farther  up  the  river  and  settled  on  the  farm  still  owned 
by  his  sons.  In  the  same  party  with  Mr.  Seamans  came  Stephen  Potter,  John  Potter, 
Ezra  Potter,  Ezra  Bowen  and  Martin  Bowen,  all  from  Ehode  Island.  They  made 
the  journey  with  ox  teams.  About  1818  Stephen  Potter,  who  was  a  stone  mason, 
selected  a  tract  of  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  brook  that  bears  his  name.  His  brother 
Ezra  also  settled  here,  but  soon  after  removed  to  Chatham  township.  This  is  now 
the  site  of  the  village  of  Potter  Brook.  Ezra  Bowen,  a  Quaker,  bought  a  part  of  the 
Jesse  Lapham  tract,  which  he  sold  a  few  years  later  to  Abram  Pease.  Jonathan 
Pierce,  who  came  from  Chenango  county,  New  York,  in  1817,  settled  on  the 
Augustus  Streeter  farm,  through  which  the  western  boundary  line  of  the  borough 
passes.  Abram  Pease,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  into  the  township  from  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  in  1819,  and  settled  on  sixty  acres  of  land,  afterwards  a  part  of 
the  Eichard  Krusen  farm,  in  the  western  part  of  the  borough.  A  year  later,  his  older 
brother,  Oliver,  bought  100  acres  of  land  belonging  to  the  estate  of  a  man  named 
Chambers,  of  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  which  Nathaniel  Mann,  about  1813, 
built  the  first  frame  house  in  the  township.  Oliver  and  Abram  subsequently  ex- 
changed farms. 

James  King,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  and  a  descendant  of  the  Pilgrim  fathers, 
came  in  1821,  and  settled  on  the  Eichard  Krusen  farm.  His  son,  Prince  King, 
located  on  Jemison  creek,  in  1823,  where  his  sons.  Prince  W.  and  Willard  King,  now 
reside.  In  1821  Shelden  E.  Streeter,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  settled  just  east 
of  the  borough.  In  1823  he  removed  to  Shippen  township,  and  three  years  later 
returned  to  Westfield.  In  1821  Henry  B.  Trowbridge  was  living  on  the  farm  ad- 
joining Mr.  Streeter,  but  the  date  of  his  settlement  cannot  be  ascertained.  John 
Howland,  a  pioneer  of  Deerfield  township,  moved  into  Westfield  township  about  this 
time  and  settled  on  Jemison  creek.  His  nephew.  Marvel  Handy,  came  with  him, 
and,  in  1825,  cleared  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son,  Dyer  Handy.  In  1823 
Hosea  Saulsbury  was  living  in  the  Jemison  creek  valley,  as  was  also  Joseph  Swime- 
ley,  who  cleared  the  farm  now  owned  by  John  Swimeley.  In  1825  David  Kixford 
settled  near  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek,  and  in  1832  bought  and  removed  to  the 
place  first  settled  on  by  Eeuben  Cook.  Christopher  Sayles,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island, 
and  a  blacksmith,  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1825,  and  in  1828  removed  to  the  Jemi- 
son valley,  buying  and  settling  upon  the  farm  previously  owned  by  Hosea  Saulsbury. 
Here  he  farmed  and  worked  at  his  trade.  He  died  July  10,  1884,  aged  ninety-four 
years.  Halsey  Aldrich,  also  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  and  a  stone  mason,  settled, 
in  1829,  just  east  of  Stephen  Potter,  at  Potter  Brook.  John  Hoover  settled  in  1830 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Jemison.    In  1833  Zacheus  Mallory  settled  on  the  farm  pre- 


Mi^X^^TTn.S. 


WESTFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  433 


viously  occupied  by  his  brother-in-law,  Jesse  Lapham,  now  within  the  borough 
limits.  Melchier  Labar  settled  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township  ia  1840,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  James  Labar.  He  died  ia  1851,  aged  ninety-six  years. 
In  1835  Burgess  Luce  settled  on  the  site  of  the  yillage  of  Cowanesque,  where  his 
son,  Ira  Luce,  still  resides.  Nelson  Burdie  settled  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
township  in  1836.  In  this  year,  also,  Thomas  Pride,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  settled 
on  Jemison  creek.  In  1838  Mrs.  Susan  (Prisby)  Leonard,  widow  of  Timothy 
Leonard,  removed  from  Smyrna,  New  York,  with  her  three  sons,  James,  Stephen  A. 
and  George,  and  settled  two  miles  west  of  Westfield  borough.  Stephen  A.  became 
a  Wesleyan  minister.  His  sons  still  own  the  home  place.  In  1837  George  Champlin 
settled  on  a  farm  west  of  Abram  Pease,  still  owned  by  his  sons.  In  1839  Ansel 
Purple  settled  at  the  mouth  of  the  brook  bearing  his  name.  Daniel  Hunt,  a  native 
of  Lycoming  county,  came  in  1840  and  settled  on  what  is  known  as  the  Barton 
Hunt  place,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township.  In  1842  John  Whitmarsh  settled 
on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Cornelius  Bush  farm.  Charles  H.  Metcalf,  a  native  of 
Susquehanna  county,  and  a  cooper,  settled  in  1843,  east  of  Potter  Brook.  In  1844 
Sylvanus  S.  Baker  settled  near  the  head  of  Broughton  hollow,  which  takes  its  name 
from  Henry  Broughton,  who  settled  in  1845.  Mrs.  Margaret  Little — ^who  married 
George  Graham — and  her  sons  settled,  in  1847,  on  what  is  known  as  the  Graham 
place,  on  Potter  brook.  In  1849  Samuel  Edgcomb  located  at  Edgcombville,  now 
Cowanesque.  In  this  year  also  Thomas  Sprague  settled  on  what  is  known  as  the 
L.  E.  Garner  farm. 

The  names  thus  far  given  are  those  of  the  more  prominent  settlers  during  the 
first  half  of  the  present  century.  The  dates  given  are  believed  to  be  approximately 
correct,  and  have  been  obtained  in  nearly  every  instance  from  their  living  descend- 
ants. These  early  settlers  found  the  township  a  wilderness,  and  left  it  when  they 
closed  their  eyes  upon  the  scenes  of  earth,  cleared  and  cultivated,  dotted  with  homes, 
churches  and  school  houses,  and  inhabited  by  an  intelligent,  industrious  and  thrifty 
people,  nearly  all  of  whom  were  their  children  and  grandchildren. 

EAELY    ENTEEPEISES. 

Shortly  after  his  coming,  in  1810,  Ayers  Tuttle  erected  a  small  grist-mill  on 
the  river  near  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  borough,  and  later  replaced  it  with  a 
better  mill,  run  by  water,  located  further  down  the  stream.  Tuttle  also  opened  a 
wayside  inn,  in  his  dwelling,  which  he  kept  for  a  number  of  years.  It  is  said  that  at 
times  his  temper  was  a  little  testy,  and  he  was  not  disposed  to  put  himself  to  any 
extra  trouble  to  accommodate  his  guests,  but  he  was,  nevertheless,  taking  his  cir- 
cumstances into  consideration,  a  good  landlord.  .A  story  is  told  of  two  travelers  who 
arrived  one  night,  who  desired  before  retiring  to  bathe  their  feet,  having  walked 
a  long  distance  during  the  day.  The  landlord  told  them  they  would  find  a  bucket 
on  the  back  porch,  leaving  them  to  search  for  it  in  the  dark.  A  bucket  was  found, 
partly  filled,  as  they  supposed,  with  water.  When,  however,  one  of  them  immersed 
his  foot  in  it  he  discovered  it  was  maple  syrup.  Pearing  Mr.  Tuttle's  wrath,  if  the 
truth  was  told  him,  the  traveler  wiped  the  syrup  from  his  foot,  as  best  he  could, 
and  with  his  companion  retired  to  rest.    It  is  presumed  the  syrup  found  its  way  to 

28 


434  HISTOHY   OF  TIOGA   COTTITTT. 

the  table  without  those  who  partook  of  it  ever  surmising  the  use  previously  made  of 
it.  The  first  store  in  the  township  was  also  kept  by  Mr.  Tuttle,  who  seems  to  have 
been  a  man  of  considerable  energy  and  enterprise. 

The  King  saw-mill  was  built  m  1845,  by  John  Craig  and  Godfrey  Bowman,  near 
the  mouth  of  North  Fork  creek.  It  was  afterwards  operated  by  several  different 
persons,  among  whom  were  Dyer  Weeks,  Ira  M.  Edgeomb  and  others.  The  ma* 
chinery  was  finally  removed,  leaving  the  frame-work  standing.  Several  years  ago  the 
King  Brothers  put  in  the  machinery  of  a  portable  mill  here,  which  they  still  operate. 
They  manufacture  lumber,  etc.,  principally  for  home  trade. 

SCHOOLS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  principal  schools  in  the  township  are  maintained  in  the  villages  of  Cowan- 
esque  and  Potter  Brook.  These  schools,  the  outgrowth  of  early  schools  established 
over  half  a  century  ago,  are  in  charge  of  competent  teachers  and  are  well  attended. 
The  first  school  in  the  Potter  Brook  neighborhood  was  established  east  of  the  village, 
the  old  school  house  also  being  a  meeting  place  for  Methodists,  Wesleyans  and  Bap- 
tists, the  meetings  being  held  whenever  a  minister  of  either  of  those  denominations 
chanced  in  the  neighborhood.  A  good  building,  recently  enlarged,  in  the  village 
of  Potter  Brook,  gives  ample  accommodation  for  all  pupils  in  that  school  district. 
The  original  school  building  in  Cowanesque  stood  on  a  knoll  Just  west  of  the  resi- 
dence of  Ira  Luce.  The  present  neat  and  commodious  building  stands  on  the  south 
side  of  the  road,  farther  east. 

Henry  B.  Trowbridge  and  Godfrey  Bowinan,  the  first  Justices  of  the  peace  of 
Westfield  township,  were  appointed  January  8,  1823.  Their  Jurisdiction  also  in- 
cluded Deerfield  township.  The  office  has  since  been  held  by  the  following  named 
persons:  Jonathan  Bonney,  commissioned  in  1823;  Luke  Scott,  Jr.,  1837;  John 
Goodspeed,  1828;  Sheldon  Tuttle,  1828;  Isaac  Metcalf,  1838;  Allen  Prazer,  1830; 
Colton  Knox,  1833;  Archibald  Campbell,  1833;  Edward  C.  Young,  1834;  John 
Waklee,  1835;  Eddy  Howland,  1838;  Jacob  Everitt,  1840;  Elijah  Hancock,  1840; 
William  Ladd,  1845;  Hiram  Tubbs,  1845;  re-elected,  1852;  Francis  Strang,  1846; 
Chauncey  E.  Skinner,  1847;  John  Goodspeed,  1850;  Zacheus  Mallory,  1855;  re- 
elected, 1860;  Charlton  Phillips,  1857;  re-elected,  1862,  1867;  George  Close,  1865; 
I.  C.  Thompson,  1868;  re-elected,  1873;  Henry  Warren,  1869;  John  Swimelar; 
1873;  William  Finker,  1876;  re-elected,  1882;"^  T.  E.  Leonard,  1877;  re-elected, 
1882;  James  H.  Metcalf,  1885;  re-elected,  1890;  H.  G.  Seely,  1890;  re-elected, 
1895;  William  Brock,  1895. 

CHUECHES   AND    CEMETEBIES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Cowanesque,  incorporated  June  34, 
1889,  dates  the  beginning  of  its  history  to  the  early  fifties,  when  meetings  were  held 
in  the  old  school  house  and  a  class  organized,  by  Eev.  Alfred  G.  Terry.  Services  were 
regularly  held  and  the  class  maintained  its  organization  until  1890,  when  a  church 
was  organized  and  a  house  of  worship  erected,  costing  $1,200.  It  is  a  neat,  frame 
edifice  and  was  built  by  Hugh  D.  King.  The  first  members  of  the  church  were: 
Hiram  McCoy  and  wife,  Mrs.  John  Champlin,  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Skinner,  Erastus  and 
Amanda  Cooper  and  their  daughter,  Marcelia  L.  Cooper,  Erastus  Hoose  and  wife, 


WESTFIBLD    TOWNSHIP,  435 


Mrs.  James  Davis,  and  Asa  Bancroft  and  wife.  Among  the  ministers  who  have 
preached  here  since  the  organization  of  the  class  have  been:  Eevs.  Samuel  Nichols, 
William  Jones,  Thompson  Jolly,  Alva  Davison,  A.  D.  Edgar,  Elisha  Sweet,  Cornelius 
Dillenbeck,  Charles  Weeks,  0.  B.  Weaver,  J.  H.  Blades,  Isaac  Everitt,  G.  S.  Transue, 
J.  J.  Turtin,  Philo  E.  Brown,  Albert  A.  Ensign,  WoodrufE  Post,  Elisha  Hudson, 
D.  A.  Pareells,  W.  I.  Janes  and  W.  0.  Peet.  This  church  has  been  for  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Westfield  charge.  It  now  numbers  sixty-four  members  with  about  forty 
pupUs  ia  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Willis  Calkins  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Wesleyan  Methodists  used  to  meet  in  the  old  school  house,  east  of  Potter 
Brook,  over  thirty  years  ago.  Rev.  Stephen  A.  Leonard  preached  here  and  an  organi- 
zation was  maintained  for  several  years,  but  finally  dwindled  and  passed  out  of  ex- 
istence. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Potter  Broole  was  organized  December  21, 
1884,  with  the  following  membership:  William  Brock,  Florence  Brock,  Nellie  Brock, 
Alpheus  Converse,  Margaret  Converse,  D.  E.  Perry,  Carrie  Mulford,  Elmer  Eaton, 
S.  J.  Potter,  Nancy  Richardson,  Mary  Yerington,  Olivia  Proctor,  Milan  Ham,  Prank 
Root,  Hattie  Thompson,  Florence  Proctor  and  Phoebe  Baker.  Rev.  J.  C.  Ferrell, 
the  first  pastor,  held  services  in  the  depot,  December  31,  1884,  and  afterwards  once 
iu  two  weeks.  He  remained  during  1884  and  1885.  The  succeeding  pastors  have 
been:  Revs.  H.  B.  Mason,  1885-87;  J.  W.  Bamett,  1887-90;  W.  I.  Janes,  1893-93; 
A.  G.  Cole,  1893-94;  J.  S.  Brown,  1894-95;  L.  P.  MulhoUen,  1895-96.  Rev.  Noah 
SelUck  preached  and  held  class  meeting  through  February,  1886.  In  April,  1890, 
Rev.  D.  A.  Pareells  came  from  Westfield  and  held  services  every  alternate  Sunday 
until  1893.  Rev.  L.  F.  MulhoUen  is  the  first  resident  pastor.  The  society  worships 
in  the  Peoples'  church  building.  The  young  people  attend  the  Union  Sunday-school, 
of  which  C.  D.  Markham  is  superintendent. 

The  Potter  Brook  Branch  of  the  Harrison  Valley  Baptist  Church  was  organized 
in  1883,  and  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Harrison  Valley,  Potter 
county.  It  now  numbers  seventeen  members.  The  following  ministers  of  the 
church  at  Harrison  Valley  have  preached  here:  Revs.  S.  L.  Bouvier,  1883  to  1890; 
J.  C.  Smith,  1890  to  1893;  J.  MuUany,  1893  to  1893,  and  the  present  pastor,  H.  T. 
Allen,  who  took  charge  in  April,  1893.  The  church  building,  known  as  the 
Peoples'  Church  of  Potter  Brook,  was  erected  in  1890  and  cost  $1,300.  It  is  occu- 
pied jointly  by  the  Baptist  and  Methodist  societies.  A  Union  Sunday-school  is 
maintained  with  C.  D.  Markham  as  superintendent. 

The  Peoples'  Church  of  Potter  Broole  is  a  corporation,  chartered  July  7,  1890, 
the  incorporators  being  I.  C.  Thompson,  P.  B.  Rexford,  C.  D.  Markham,  William 
Brook,  George  R.  Johnson,  and  G.  N.  Manning.  This  corporation  was  organized 
for  the  purpose  of  building  the  house  of  worship  now  occupied  jointly  by  the 
Baptist  and  Methodist  societies.     The  church  was  erected  in  1890  and  cost  $1,300. 

The  Potter  Cemetery  Association  of  Potter  Broole,  incorporated  September  1, 
1884,  own  and  control  the  old  burying  ground  in  the  western  part  of  the  village, 
embracing  one  acre  and  a  half  of  ground.  The  trustees  are  John  Little,  James 
H.  Metcalf  and  W.  C.  Kendall.  I.  C.  Thompson  is  the  sexton.  In  this  cemetery 
lie  buried  the  remains  of  Stephen  Potter  and  other  early  settlers  in  the  western 
part  of  the  township. 


436  HISTOBT    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

The  Champlin  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  in  August,  1887,  the 
ineorporators  being  S.  M.  Strawn,  John  Champlin,  Erastus  Hoose,  E.  M.  Tucker 
and  G.  H.  Tremain.  The  cemetery  owned  by  this  association  is  located  on  the  old 
George  Champlin  place,  east  of  California  brook.  This  was  an  old  neighborhood 
burying  ground  and  was  used  for  many  years  before  the  association  was  incor- 
porated. \ 

TILLAGES. 

Cowanesque,  formerly  known  as  Edgcombville,  is  the  name  of  a  Tillage, 
situated  on  the  Cowanesque  river,  two  miles  east  of  Westfield  borough.  The  first 
settler  upon  the  village  site  was  Henry  B.  Trowbridge,  who  located  in  1831. 
This  land  afterwai-ds  became  the  property  of  Emmer  Bowen,  In  1835,  when  Bur- 
gess Luce  purchased  a  portion  of  this  land,  there  were  living  east  of  him  in  the 
township,  Thomas  Pride,  Thomas  Warner  and  Jacob  Price.  Those  living  west, 
between  him  and  Westfield,  were  Leonard  Daniels,  Oliver  Pease,  Thomas  Doty, 
George  Champlin,  Ayers  Tuttle  and  Shelden  Tuttle.  Otis  D.  Bowen,  a  son  of 
Emmer  Bowen,  also  resided  here  at  this  time.  Ira  Luce,  a  son  of  Burgess  Luce, 
is  the  oldest  living  resident  of  the  village.  In  1858  Ira  M.  Edgcomb  located  on 
the  village  site,  and  in  1865  erected  the  first  store  building  and  opened  the  first  store 
in  the  place.  This  building  burned  and  he  replaced  it  with  the  store  building  now 
occupied  by  E.  Sherman.  Mr.  Edgcomb  was  also  the  first  postmaster.  His  suc- 
cessors have  been  William  N.  Hurlbut,  D.  W.  Eeynolds,  William  Haskell,  Burr  Bob- 
bins, I.  K.  Skinner,  E.  B.  Phillips,  S.  K.  Eumsey,  A.  M.  Thompson,  Albert  Matteson, 
and  C.  H.  Martin,  who  was  appointed  November  3, 1893.  A.  H.  Bostwick  has  charge 
of  the  ofiice  as  Mr.  Martin's  deputy.  The  Cowanesque  Hotel,  first  known  as  the 
Edgcomb  House,  was  built  by  Thomas  Pride.  The  first  landlord  was  Ira  M. 
Edgcomb.  His  successors  have  been  Orson  Edgcomb,  William  Edgcomb,  and  the 
present  landlord,  S.  B.  Lovelace,  who  purchased  the  property  in  1883. 

The  principal  manufacturing  enterprise  in  the  village  is  the  planing  mill, 
sash  and  door  factory,  owned  and  operated  since  January,  1888,  by  E.  Sherman. 
This  was  established  in  1870  by  Ira  M.  Edgcomb,  E.  Skinner  and  William  N. 
Hurlbut,  and  operated  by  them  for  a  number  of  years  under  the  name  of  E.  Skianer 
&  Company.  It  employs  a  number  of  hands  the  year  round  and  does  a  large 
business.  A  foundry  and  machine  shop,  giving  employment  to  six  men,  was  es- 
tablished in  1887  by  John  Eieppel.  It  is  equipped  with  improved  machinery  and 
does  a  large  repairing  business.  In  1889  Bennett  H.  Parkhurst  erected  a  creamery 
just  east  of  the  village.  In  the  fall  of  1890  it  was  changed  to  a  cheese  factory,  and 
is  now  operated  by  0.  H.  Snyder,  of  N'orth  Fork,  Potter  county.  At  the  present 
time  there  are  three  merchants  in  the  place,  E.  Sherman,  who  occupies  the  old  Ira 
M.  Edgcomb  store;  G.  W.  King,  who  occupies  a  building  erected  by  Thomas 
Pride,  and  in  which  he  sold  goods  for  a  number  of  years,  and  A.  H.  Bostwick,  who 
carries  on  a  grocery  store  and  attends  to  the  duties  of  the  postofSce.  The  railroad 
station  is  in  charge  of  N.  H.  Seely,  who  acts  as  agent  for  the  Fall  Brook  and  the 
Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Companies. 

Potter  Brooh,  near  the  western  township  line,  at  the  mouth  of  the  stream  of 
the  same  name,  occupies  the  land  settled  upon  about  1818  by  Stephen  Potter,  a 


WESTFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  aq>j 


a 


native  of  Ehode  Island.  In  order  to  reach  his  location  he  was  compelled  to  cut  « 
road  up  the  river  valley  from  Westfield,  a  distance  of  over  three  miles.  The  county 
line  hes  just  west  of  the  village,  and  Mr.  Potter,  thinking  his  land  lay  in  Potter 
county,  went,  so  it  is  related,  to  Harrison  Valley  to  vote,  until  he  became  better 
informed.  He  was  a  stone  mason  by  trade  and  laid  every  stone  in  the  front  wall 
of  the  court  house  at  Wellsboro.  In  1829  Halsey  Aldrich  settled  east  of  Mr. 
Potter  on  land  now  forming  a  part  of  the  village  site.  In  1866,  when  I.  C. 
Thompson,  a  son-in-law  of  Mr.  Potter  and  son  of  Isaac  Thompson,  a  pioneer 
settler  of  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  moved  on  to  the  present  village  site, 
there  were  living  in  the  neighborhood,  Halsey  Aldrich,  George  W.  Potter,  Stephen 
Potter,  Jr.,  Joseph  "Wood,  Jonathan  Potter,  Eev.  Stephen  A.  Leonard,  James  and 
George  Leonard  and  Jonathan  Seamans.  The  Leonard  and  Seamans  families  lived 
on  what  was  the  site  of  "Beautiful  Camp,"  below  Halsey  Aldrich.  At  an  early  day 
this  camp  was  occupied  by  three  Indians  named  Pete,  Nichols  and  Blue  Eye.  The 
latter  derived  his  name  from  the  fact  that  one  of  his  eyes  was  black  and  the  other 
a  deep  blue. 

No  effort  to  establish  a  village  appears  to  have  been  made  until  1874,  when 
I.  C.  Thompson  opened  the  first  store  in  the  place.  At  present  there  are  four 
merchants,  W.  C.  Kendall,  who  began  business  in  1883;  C.  D.  Markham,  in  1884; 
"Willis  "White,  in  1893,  and  J.  L.  Havens  in  1894.  A  postofBce  was  established 
October  1,  1874,  and  Horatio  Aldrich  appointed  postmaster.  I.  C.  Thompson, 
his  successor,  held  the  office  from  1876  to  January  1,  1886.  "W.  H.  McGovem, 
his  successor,  surrendered  it  in  1888  to  "W.  C.  Kendall,  who  was  succeeded  April 
14,  1889,  by  C.  D.  Markham,  who  held  it  until  June,  1894,  when  Mr.  Kendall  was 
again  appointed. 

The  completion  of  the  railroad  in  the  early  part  of  1883  gave  the  little  village 
a  period  of  growth,  and  made  it  a  trading  point  of  some  importance.  It  now  has 
a  population  of  about  300.  The  only  hotel  in  the  place,  known  now  as  the 
KendaU  House,  was  built  by  Adelbert  Hawley,  at  a  cost  of  $8,000.  The  property 
is  still  owned  by  Mr.  Hawley.  George  "W.  Potter,  the  only  surviving  son  of  Stephen 
Potter,  the  pioneer,  operates  a  planing  mill,  a  shingle  mill,  a  feed  mill  and  a  carding 
machine,  all  under  one  roof.  These  enterprises  he  established  in  1883.  New 
Hall  Council,  No.  846,  Jr.  0.  TT.  A.  M.,  organized  July  34,  1894,  is  located  here, 
and  embraces  over  thirty  members. 

Phillips  Station  is  a  railroad  station  and  postoffiee  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
township,  at  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek.  E.  B.  Phillips  has  been  the  postmaster 
since  the  office  was  established  in  1883,  and  has  also  carried  on  a  general  store. 


CHAPTEE  XXXIIL 

WESTFIELD  BOEOUGH. 

Location  and  Surroundings— Population  and  Taxable  Property— Early  Set- 
tlers-Borough Organization  and  Officials- Postmasters— Physicians 
AND  Lawyers— Business  and  Manufacturing  Enterprises— Incorporated 
Companies— Hotels— Newspapers— Bailroads— Churches  and  Cemeteries- 
Societies. 


WESTFIELD  borough  is  situated  on  the  Co-wanesque  river,  midway  between 
the  eastern  and  western  boundary  lines  of  Westfield  township,  from  which  it 
was  taken  in  February,  1867.     The  area  embraced  within  its  boundaries  contains 
670  acres  and  it  is  one  of  the  best  locations  for  a  town  in  the  county.     The  site  is 
not  only  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque  in  the  Cowanesque  valley,  but 
has   advantages  which   have    already  made  the   borough  an   important   business 
center.     To  the  north  lies  the  rich  and  prosperous  township  of  Brookfield,  easily 
accessible  through  the  valleys  of  the  North  Fork,  California  brook,  Purple  brook 
and  other  small  streams.     To  the  south  and  east  lie  the  equally  prosperous  town- 
ships of  Westfield,  Clymer  and  Chatham,  from  all  of  which  it  draws  a  large  trade, 
in  addition  to  what  it  commands  for  miles  up  and  down  the  Cowanesque  river 
valley,  whose  lands,  noted  for  their  fertility,  respond  each  year  with  generous  crops 
as  a  reward  for  well-directed  and  intelligent  cultivation.     The  valley  of  the  Cow- 
anesque river  is  traversed  by  the    Fall   Brook  railway,  and   that  of   Mill   creek, 
which  iiows  from  the  south  and  unites  its  waters  with  the  Cowanesque  river,  near  the 
eastern  borough  limits — by  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railway.      These  two 
lines  of  railroad,  both  built  in  1882,  give  the  borough  direct  communication  with 
the  great  trunk  lines  of  New  York  state,  and  with  the  great  market  centers  of 
the  coast.      Since  their  building  Westfield  has  grown  rapidly,  having  more  than 
doubled  its  population.     At  present  it  is  the  largest  of  the   six  boroughs  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley.     In  1870  it  had  370  inhabitants;   in  1880,  579,  and  in  1890, 
1,128. 

EAELT    SETTLERS. 

The  first  white  settler  within  the  borough  limits  was  Eeuben  Cook,  Sr.,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  The  exact  year  of  his  coming  cannot  be 
ascertained,  but  it  was  previous  to  1809,  in  which  year  Ayers  Tuttle  settled  in  the 
township  just  east  of  the  borough.  Cook  built  a  log  cabin,  the  first  one  within 
the  borough  limits,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  where  the  River 
street  bridge,  leading  to  the  Tremain  grist  mill  site,  crosses  that  stream.  At  that  time 
he  was  about  sixty  years  of  age,  given  to  hunting,  and,  as  a  rule,  remained  but  a 
year  or  two  in  a  place.  In  1816  Jesse  Lapham,  who,  as  early  as  1810,  had  settled 
at  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek,  bought   200  acres   of  land  in  the  western  part 


WESTFIBLD    BOKOTJGH.  AOQ 


of  the  borough,  which  he  cleared  and  improved.      Mr.  Lapham  was  a  native  of 
Khode  Island  and  a  Quaker.     He  was  also  the  first  carpenter  aad  first  practical 
surveyor  m  this  section.     Jonathan  Seamans,  also  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  set- 
tled, m  1817,  within  the  borough  limits,  and  later  in  life  moved  farther  up  the 
river  into  the  township,  settling  on  the  farm  still  owned  and  occupied  by  his  sons. 
Ezra  Bowen,  a  Quaker,  came  from  Ehode  Island  in  the  same  party  with  Mr.  Seamans, 
and  bought  a  part  of  the  Jesse  Lapham  tract.     Martin  Bowen  also  came  with  the 
same  party  and  settled  at  the  same  time.      Jonathan  Pierce  came  in  1817,  from 
Chenango  county,  JSTew  York,  and  settled  west  of  Lapham,  on  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Augustus  Streeter  farm.     About  this  time,  Jacob  Price,  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  and  a  Quaker,  settled  in  the  edge  of  the  borough,  near  the  Tremain  mill-site, 
on  what  is  known  as  the  "Dick"  Phillips  place.     In  1819  Abram  Pease,  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  came  from  Steuben  county,  New  York,  and  settled  on  sixty  acres 
which  he  purchased  from  Ezra  Bowen,  and  which  afterwards  formed  a  part  of  the 
Eichard  Krusen  farm.     A  few  years  later  he  exchanged  farms  with  his  brother 
Oliver,  who  had  settled  in  the  township  below  the  borough.     James  King,  native 
of  Ehode  Island,  and  a  descendant  of  the  "Pilgrim  Fathers,"  came  in  1821  and 
settled  on  the  Eichard  Krusen  farm.     In  1831  Shelden  Streeter,  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  settled  in  the  township.      Two  years  later  he  removed  to   Shippen 
township,  and,  in  1836,  returned  and  settled  within  the  borough.     In  1835  David 
Eixford  settled  near  the  mouth  of  Jemison  creek,  and,  in  1833,  removed  to  the 
place  first  settled  by  Eeuben  Cook.     Zacheus  Mallory  came  in   1833   and   settled 
on  the  farm  previously  occupied  by  his  brother-in-law,  Jesse  Lapham. 

Luke  Scott  and  James  C.  Turner  came  between  1830  and  1835  and  opened 
the  first  store  in  the  place.     Turner  was  also  the  first  hotel  keeper.     In  1834  B. 
Schuyler  Lewis,  who  had  previously  resided  in  Brookfield  township,  came  to  West- 
field.     After  remaining  a  year  or  two,  he  removed  to  Lawrenceville,  where  he  kept 
a  boarding  house  on  the  Coming  and  Blossburg  railroad,  then  being  constructed. 
About  1838-39  he  returned  to  Westfield  and  soon  afterward  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business.     He  was  the  second  postmaster.      About  1835    Samuel    Baker  located 
here  and  soon  afterward  bought   the  greater   part  of  the   land  now  forming  the 
business  portion  of  the  borough.     Eichard  Phillips  came  about  1836  and  settled  on 
the  place  first  occupied  by  Jacob  Price.     In  1837  he  built  a  saw-mill  near  the 
late  Tremain  mill.     Hollister  Baker,  a  native  of  Eochester,  New  York,  and   a 
millwright,  came  in  1839  and  in  1840  built  a  water  power  grist-mill  for  Eichard 
Phillips  on  the  site  of  the  burned  Tremain  mill.     About   1840  Francis   Strang 
came  and  opened  a  general  store.     He  was  soon  followed  by  George  Close  and  by 
Hale  &  Hall.     In  1840,  also,  Aaron  L.  S.  Leach,  a  native  of  Niagara  county.  New 
York,  came  and  for  several  years  worked  at  his  trade  as  a  shoemaker.     David  Close 
came  in  1840,  also,  and  for  seven  years  kept  the  Eed  Lion  Hotel.     In  1844  Eichard 
Krusen,  a  native  of  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  entered  the  employ  of  Hale  & 
Hall  as  a  clerk.     In  1846  he  bought  them  out  and  afterwards  became  a  leading 
merchant  of  the  place,  continuing  in  business  for   thirty-seven   years.     In   1845 
Peter  B.  Bush  removed  from  Knoxville,  and  during  the  next  five  years  kept  the 
Eed  Lion  and  Boardman  Hotels.     The  latter  was  built  by  Eansom  Boardman,  who 
came  in  the  early  forties.     In  1845  Daniel  McNaughton,  M.  D.,  a  native  of  Steuben 


440  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

county,  New  York,  located  here  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  continuing 
until  his  death  in  1883.  Williani  Simmons,  a  native  of  Benton,  Yates  county. 
New  York,  came  in  1845.  He  soon  after  entered  the  store  of  Eiehaxd  Erusen 
as  a  clerk,  and  later  embarked  in  business  for  himself.  In  1846  John  Montanye 
removed  from  Clymer  township  and  built  and  operated  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Eberle  tannery.  Others,  the  date  of  whose  coming  cannot  be  ascertained,  had 
also  located  in  the  village  previous  to  the  last  mentioned  year,  some  remaining  but  a 
short  time,  while  a  few  became  permanent  residents.  The  names  given,  however, 
embrace  nearly  all  of  those  identified  with  the  early  settlement  and  growth  of  the 
place,  which  at  that  time  was  but  a  small  and  struggliag  village. 

BOBOUGH    OEGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  borough  of  Westfield  was  organized  in  February,  1867,  the  first  meeting 
of  council  being  held  on  the  16th  of  that  month.  At  this  meeting  B.  B.  Strang, 
burgess,  and  Eichard  Krusen,  James  Hasten,  M.  D.,  Simon  Wilcox,  S.  B.  Lewis  and 
Thomas  C.  Sanders,  councilmen,  were  sworn  in.  Thomas  C.  Sanders  was  elected 
secretary;  Nelson  Gardner,  treasurer,  and  B.  Lewis,  street  commissioner.  The 
following  named  persons  have  been  elected  to  the  ofi&ce  of  burgess  since  1867: 

Ambrose  Close,  1868-69;  HoUister  Baker,  1870;  S.  B.  Lewis,  1871-73;  J.  W. 
Hancock,  1873;  Lovel  Plank,  1874;  J.  "W.  Hancock,  1875;  T.  C.  Sanders,  1876; 
B.  B.  Strang,  1877;  E.  E.  Thompson,  1878;  S.  W.  Shirley,  1879;  Charles  Bliss, 
1880;  Elijah  Thompson,  1881;  Albert  Wetherbee,  1883;  Eichard  Krusen,  1883; 
Hiram  Hunter,  1884-87;  Ambrose  Close,  1888;  Hiram  Hunter,  1889;  W.  F. 
Everitt,  1890-91;  C.  M.  Allen,  1893;  M.  D.  Lawrence,  1893;  Lovel  Planlc,  1894-96, 
and  John  E.  Dengle,  elected  in  1897. 

The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  by  the  following  named 
persons  since  the  organization  of  the  borough:  Francis  Strang,  1867;  J.  0.  Thomp- 
son, 1873;  Frank  Buck,  1873;  T.  C.  Sanders,  1874;  Dr.  Daniel  McNaughton,  1877; 
Niles  White,  1878;  re-elected  in  1879;  Orrin  0.  Tremain,  1879;  W.  H.  Parsons, 
1880;  re-elected,  1885,  1890  and  1895;  M.  L.  Foster,  1883;  Frank  Strang,  1886; 
re-elected,  1890;   John  T.  McNeil,  1895. 

POSTMASTEES. 

The  Westfield  postoffice  was  established  in  the  early  twenties,  the  first  post- 
master being  Henry  B.  Trowbridge,  then  living  in  the  township,  about  a  mile  east  of 
the  borough.  He  held  the  office  nearly  twenty  years,  and  was  succeeded  by  B. 
Schuyler  Lewis,  a  resident  of  the  borough.  Then  followed  Adriel  King,  Dr. 
Boardman  and  Thomas  Leach.  George  Close  acted  as  deputy  for  Leach,  and 
seems  to  have  had  charge  of  the  office,  so  much  so,  that  many  still  speak  of  him  as 
the  postmaster.  Leach  was  succeeded,  in  1861,  by  Daniel  McNaughton,  M.  D., 
who  held  the  office  until  1873,  when  he  resigned  to  serve  as  an  associate  judge  of 
the  coimty,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Niles  W.  McNaughton,  who  had  been 
his  assistant.'  In  the  fall  of  1885  Mr.  McNaughton  was  succeeded  by  James 
Masten,  M.  D.,  who  held  the  office  until  July,  1889,  when  William  N.  Hurlbut  was 
appointed.  Mr.  Hurlbut's  successor,  Francis  Strang,  was  appointed  December  38, 
1895.     In  the  earlier  years  of  the  borough's  existence,  the  mail  was  carried  on 


WESTFIELD    BOHOTIGH.  441 


horseback  to  and  from  Williamsport,  through  the  wilderness.     Now  the  Westfield 
ofSee  is  one  of  the  best  paying  and  best  patronized  in  the  county. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    LAWYERS. 

The  first  physician  to  practice  in  Westfield  was  Dr^  Barton  Streeter,  who  was 
here  about  1830.  He  and  his  immediate  successors  were  required  to  practice  over 
a  large  area,  including  "Westfield,  Brookfield,  Clymer,  Chatham  and  Deerfleld  town- 
ships, and  even  portions  of  Potter  county.  Visits  were  made  on  horseback,  and 
long  rides  over  lonely  roads,  night  and  day,  in  summer  and  winter,  were  a  common 
experience.  Among  the  doctors  who  have  resided  in  the  borough  and  practiced 
their  profession  were  William  B.  Eitchie,  Dr.  Townsend,  Dr.  Benedict,  Dr.  Ide, 
Bbenezer  Pratt,  Elihu  Y.  Brown,  Philetus  J.  Boaxdman,  Daniel  McNaughton, 
who  came  in  1845  and  practiced  until  his  death  in  1883;  A.  Prazer,  Stephen 
Begell,  who  removed  to  Brookfield  township;  James  Hasten,  who  came  in  1860,  is 
still  in  practice,  and  is  the  oldest  physician  in  the  borough;  P.  H.  S.  Eitter,  Dr.  In- 
gram, and  Dr.  Hazlett.  Besides  Dr.  Hasten,  the  profession  is  at  present  represented 
by  Dr.  A.  L.  Bottum,  who  began  practice  here  ia  1875;  Dr.  A.  T.  Kunkel,  who 
came  in  1883,  and  Dr.  P.  G.  Hasten,  a  son  of  Dr.  James  Hasten,  who  began  practice 
in  1891.     The  dental  profession  is  represented  by  Dr.  H.  J.  Stocking. 

The  first  lawyer  to  locate  in  Westfield  was  Augustus  Streeter,  a  native  of  Pur- 
mantown,  Shippen  township,  who  was  admitted  to  practice  in  December,  1854.  He 
continued  in  practice  until  his  death,  in  1883,  a  period  of  over  twenty-seven  years. 
Butler  B.  Strang,  who,  as  did  also  Hr.  Streeter,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  A.  J. 
Honroe,  at  KnoxviUe,  was  admitted  in  1853,  and  located  in  Westfield  soon  after  his 
fellow  student.  In  1856  Hr.  Strang  was  elected  district  attorney.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  and  served  four  terms,  and  was  speaker  of  the  House  m  1870, 
in  the  fall  of  which  year  he  was  elected  State  Senator,  and  served  two  terms.  In 
both  bodies  he  was  a  prominent  and  influential  member,  and  was  chairman  of  a  num- 
ber of  important  committees.  T.  C.  Sanders  and  C.  H.  Adams,  al^o  P^^^ticed  m 
Westfield  for  a  number  of  years.  The  bar  is  now  represented  by  Clark  W.  Beach 
who  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1865,  and  who  has  for  several  years  past  been  ocated 
in  Westfield,  coming  here  from  Knoxville;  D.  W.  Baldwin,  a  rising  young  lawyer, 
and  John  T.  HcMel,  who  fills  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  and  also  practices  law. 

BUSINESS    AND    MANUFACTTTEING    ENTBHPBISES. 

Scott  &  Turner,  the  firm  being  composed  of  Luke  Scott  and  James  C.  Turner, 
were  the  pioneer  merchants  of  Westfield.  They  began  business  in  a  frame  building 
which  they  erected  on  the  site  of  the  present  William  Simmons  store  about  1835. 
They  were  followed  by  Prancis  Strang,  who  came  about  1840,  George  Close  and  Hale 
&  Hall.  Eichard  Krusen  came  in  1844  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  latter  firm 
as  a  clerk.  In  1846  he  bought  them  out,  and  at  once  became  a  leading  spirit  in  the 
mercantile  life  of  the  place.  Others  quickly  followed  these  pioneer  merchants,  each 
year  witnessing  the  establishment  of  some  new  business  enterprises  to  meec  the 
demands  of  increasing  population  and  growing  trade. 

The  Phillips  Mills  were  built  by  Eichard  Phillips,  who  came  into  the  borough 
in  1837,  in  which  year  he  built  a  water  power  saw-mill  north  of  the  Cowanesque  river, 


442  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

taJiing  the  water  to  run  it  from  that  stream.  In  1840  Hollister  Baker,  a  millwright, 
erected  for  Mr.  Phillips  a  three-run,  buhr  mill,  costing  $5,000,  on  the  site  of  the 
recent  Tremain  mill.  The  machinery  of  this  mill  was  run  by  a  twenty-foot,  back- 
shot  water  wheel.  In  1844  the  race  was  extended,  the  water  being  taken  from  the 
river  as  at  present,  south  of  Main  street,  opposite  the  Eichard  Krusen  place.  This 
mill  burned  October  3,  1869,  and  on  its  site  was  erected  the  Westfield  flouring  mill, 
which  was  completed  in  October,  1870.  It  was  run  both  by  water  and  steam  power, 
the  mill  proper  costing  $6,000,  and  the  steam  power  $3,500.  From  1888  until  the 
fall  of  1896,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  it  was  owned  and  operated  by  0.  A.  Tre- 
main.    It  had  a  capacity  of  350  bushels  a  day. 

Hollister  Baker's  Foundry,  the  first  in  the  borough,  was  established  in  1840,  by 
Hollister  Baker,  on  the  site  of  the  present  Phillips  foundry.  This  he  operated  until 
1863,  when  it  was  burned.  In  1865  Mr.  Baker  and  his  brother  built  on  the  same 
ground  a  shop  for  the  manufacture  of  carriages,  wagons,  etc.  This  was  burned  in 
1870.  During  this  time  also  Mr.  Baker's  son,  Albert  Baker,  was  connected  with  him 
in  business.     Another  shop  was  erected  by  them  and  operated  for  a  short  time. 

The  Elerle  Tannery  was  established  on  Mill  creek,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
borough,  in  1846,  by  John  Montanye.  In  1874  it  was  purchased  by  Prank  Eberle, 
and  is  now  operated  by  his  son,  Joseph  Eberle.  It  is  devoted  to  the  taiming  of  upper 
leather,  and  is  a  successful  and  prosperous  enterprise. 

Rood's  Carriage  and  Wagon  Shop  was  established  in  1850  by  Morris  DeMaurier, 
who  operated  it  until  1863,  since  which  time  it  has  been  owned  and  operated  by 
Theodore  Eood,  who  has  acquired  a  reputation  not  only  as  a  skillful  workman  but 
as  an  inventor.  He  has  recently  invented  an  automatic  wagon  brake  that  has 
already  attracted  the  notice  of  manufacturers  throughout  the  country. 

Kelts  &  Gilbert's  Tannery  was  established  about  1853  by  J.  Kelts  and  W.  W. 
Gilbert,  who  also  were  shoe  merchants.  About  1862  the  partnership  was  dissolved 
and  Mr.  Kelts  carried  on  the  tannery  alone  for  a  number  of  years. 

The  Oowanesque  Tannery,  the  leading  manufacturing  industry  in  the  borough, 
was  established  in  1875,  by  H.  H.  Crary,  "William  H.  Garritt,  James  Horton  and  E. 
G.  Davidge,  under  the  name  and  style  of  Crary,  Garritt,  Horton  &  Company.  A  large 
tannery,  with  bark  sheds,  etc.,  was  erected  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  borough,  on  land 
purchased  of  John  L.  "Wilbur.  Mr.  Garritt  died  in  November,  1876,  and  soon  after- 
ward his  interest  was  purchased  by  Walter  Horton.  The  firm  name  was  changed  to 
H.  H.  Crary  &  Company,  and  so  continued  until  May  1, 1893,  when  the  tannery  became 
the  property  of  the  Union  Tanning  Company,  which  is  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Leather  Company.  E.  G.  Davidge  filled  the  position  of  superintendent  until 
November  5, 1895,  when  he  resigned.  P.  S.  Martin  is  now  the  acting  superintendent. 
Henry  Eick  fills  the  position  of  foreman.  This  tannery  gives  constant  employment 
to  about  seventy  men,  and  has  an  average  output  of  400  sides  of  sole  leather  per  day, 
in  the  tanning  of  which  there  is  used  annually  between  7,000  and  8,000  tons  of  hem- 
lock bark. 

Albert  Baker's  Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  is  owned  and  operated  by  Albert 
Baker.  In  1880  he  built  the  machine  shop  a  short  distance  east  of  the  old  Holhster 
Baker  foundry  site,  and  in  1887  erected  a  foundry  building.     These  enterprises  he 


WESTFIELD    BOEOXJGH. 


443 


has  Since  carried  on  successfully,  giving  constant  employment  to  a  number  of  skilled 
workmen. 

The  Westfield  Co-operative  Association  operate  a  foundry  and  machine  shop  on 
the  site  of  the  old  HoUister  Baker  foundry.  The  property  was  purchased  in  1883 
by  J.  Phillips,  and  is  also  known  as  the  Phillips  foundry. 

The  Westfield  Planing  Mill  was  established  in  1883,  north  of  the  Fall  Brook 
raUroad,  near  the  depot,  by  W.  N.  Hurlbut,  E.  Krusen,  L.  Plank  and  H.  Plank,  under 
the  firm  name  of  E.  Krusen  &  Company.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  Westfield 
Manufacturing  Company,  who  caoried  on  the  enterprise  until  1889,  when  they 
were  succeeded  by  L.  Plank,  William  Mead  and  C.  E.  Krusen. 

The  Farmers'  and  Traders'  Banh  was  established  in  1885  by  E.  M.  Tucker  as 
a  private  banking  institution.  This  bank  has  a  capital  of  $35,000,  is  ably  managed 
and  has  the  confidence  of  the  general  public.  The  officers  are  E.  M.  Tucker,  presi- 
dent, and  E.  J.  Seely,  cashier. 

The  Westfield  Steam  Flouring  Mill  was  built  in  1886,  near  the  Addison  and 
Pennsylvania  railroad  depot,  by  John  B.  Bush  and  John  Eichaxdson.  Mr.  Bush 
afterwards  sold  out  his  interest  to  J.  Whitmarsh.  This  enterprise  proved  a  valuable 
and  important  one,  greatly  enlarging  the  country  trade  of  the  borough.  Its  destruc- 
tion by  fire  in  1891  inflicted  a  severe  loss  upon  its  owners.     It  has  not  been  rebuilt. 

The  Westfield  Marble  WorTcs  were  established  by  Johnson  &  Van  Dusen  in  1887. 
In  1890  the  firm  became  Van  Dusen  Brothers,  who  do  a  large  business  in  Tioga  and 
Potter  counties,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  southern  New  York. 

The  Pride  Opera  House,  on  the  north  side  of  Main  street,  was  erected  in  1896. 
It  is  a  handsome  brick  edifice,  the  lower  story  of  which  is  used  for  business  purposes, 
and  is  occupied  by  the  grocery  house  of  John  E.  Dengle,  who  is  also  the  manager  of 
the  opera  house,  which  is  fully  equipped  with  opera  chairs,  stage  scenery  and  other 
amusement  accessories. 

INCOKPOKATED    COMPANIES. 

The  Westfield  Oil  and  Mining  Company  was  incorporated  August  4,  1865,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $500,000,  divided  in  10,000  shares  of  $50  each,  $10,000  of  which 
was  paid  in.  The  company  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  boring  for  petroleum 
oil.  Leases  on  about  1,000  acres  of  land  belonging  to  different  parties  were  secured 
and  a  well  drilled  on  the  Phillips  farm.  Oil  and  gas  in  large  quantities  were  found. 
The  incorporators  of  the  company  were  Lucius  C.  Beebe,  president;  Charles  E. 
Combs,  treasurer;  John  F.  Kingsbury,  secretary,  and  A.  L.  Bennett  and  A.  B. 
Walden. 

Cowanesque  Valley  Agricultural  Society  was  organized  August  14,  1886,  and 
incorporated  August  31,  1887,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
agricultural  and  horticultural  fairs  in  Westfield  township,  and  for  the  improvement 
of  agriculture  and  study  of  the  kindred  arts  and  sciences.  There  were  twenty-four 
charter  members,  embracing  many  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  Westfield  borough 
and  township.  The  first  officers  were  L.  K.  King,  president;  E.  M.  Tucker  and  A. 
J.  Montanye,  vice-presidents;  J.  F.  Eugaber,  corresponding  secretary;  S.  Martin,  Jr., 
recording  secretary;  W.  L.  Converse,  treasurer;  P.  V.  Eolason,  librarian;  E.  M. 
Tucker,  S.  Martin,  Jr.,  and  W.  L.  Converse,  trustees.     The  society  owns  thirty  acres 


444  HISTOHT    OF    TIOGA    COXTNTT. 


of  ground,  with  buildings,  etc.,  valued  at  $13,000,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  North 
Pork  creek,  in  the  township.  Within  the  inclosure  is  an  excellent  half-mile  race 
track.  The  fairs  which  are  held  here  annually  draw  large  crowds  and  have  been 
very  successful. 

Westfield  Water  Company  was  incorporated  September  2,  1890,  with  a  capital 
of  $25,000,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  borough  with  water.  The  incorporators 
were  "W.  H.  Vermilyea,  Hiram  Hunter,  W.  N.  Hurlbut,  G.  H.  Tremain  and  N.  W. 
McISTaughton.  Since  the  organization  of  this  company  the  borough  has  put  in  its 
own  water  works  system. 

Union  Tanning  Company  was  incorporated  April  17,  1893,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $50,000.  The  incorporators  and  directors  were  0.  B.  Grant,  S.  P.  Davidge,  A. 
A.  Clearwater,  George  C.  Darling  and  Prank  E.  Bible.  May  1, 1893,  this  corporation 
became  a  member  of  the  United  States  Leather  Company,  which  controls  a  large 
number  of  tanneries  in  Tioga,  Potter  and  other  counties,  under  the  name  of  the 
Union  Tanning  Company. 

The  United  States  Pipe  Line  Company,  in  1893,  erected  a  pumping  station, 
equipped  with  powerful  Holly  pumps,  on  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  borough.  Pour  reservoir  tanks  of  5,000  gallons  each  were  placed  in 
position  on  the  hillside,  the  purpose  being  to  make  this  place  a  pumping  station 
between  Bradford  and  Athens,  it  being  thought  at  the  time  that  the  distance  was 
too  great  to  pump  from  the  former  to  the  latter  place  without  the  aid  of  an  inter- 
mediate station.  It  afterwards  turned  out  that  this  could  be  done,  and  the  pumps 
here  have  never  been  called  into  use.  The  station  is  in  charge  of  Prank  H.  Walker, 
who  looks  after  the  section  of  the  line  between  Oswayo  and  Elkland. 

HOTELS. 

The  Bed  Lion  Hotel,  the  pioneer  hotel  in  the  borough,  was  opened  by  James  C. 
Turner  between  1835  and  1840.  It  had  a  number  of  landlords,  among  whom  were 
George  Hunter,  Peter  B.  Bush,  David  Close,  Henry  Brown,  William  Douglas  and 
Erastus  G.  Hill. 

The  Hill  House  was  the  successor  of  the  Eed  Lion  Hotel  and  was  erected  by 
Erastus  G.  HiU  about  1850.  Among  those  who  succeeded  him  as  landlord  here  were 
A.  L.  S.  Leach,  M.  G.  Bowman  and  others.  This  hotel  burned  about  twenty  years 
ago. 

The  Boardman  House,  erected  west  of  the  river  bridge,  by  Eansom  Boardman, 
in  the  early  forties,  had  a  number  of  landlords,  among  whom  were  A.  L.  S.  Leach, 
Peter  B.  Bush  and  Samuel  Scranton.  This  hotel  has  been  used  as  a  dwelling  for 
over  twenty  years. 

The  Westfield  House  was  built  by  George  Close  before  the  Civil  War.  He  ran 
it  for  three  or  four  years.  It  was  then  kept  by  C.  Phillips  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
was  succeeded  by  S.  B.  Lovelace,  who  remained  two  years.  It  next  became  the  prop- 
erty of  Mrs.  James  Strock.  In  1878  J.  W.  Smith  became  manager  of  the  house  for 
her,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year  rented  the  property.  In  1883  he  purchased  it, 
and  iu  1890  rebuilt  the  hotel  inside  and  out,  making  it  one  of  the  best  hotel  buildings 
in  the  Cowanesque  valley. 

The  American  Hotel  was  erected  in  1885  by  Shirley  Brothers,  who  ran  it  until 


WESTFIELD    BOEOUGH.  445 


1887,  when  Beach  Brothers  succeeded  them.  They  were  succeeded  by  Lucius 
Inscho,  who  sold  out  in  1894  to  Asa  Hill  and  John  Eohrback.  Mr.  Hill  soon  after- 
wards bought  out  Mr.  Eohrback's  interest.  He  has  since  thoroughly  repaired  and 
improved  the  building  and  it  is  now,  in  every  respect,  a  first-class  hotel. 

NEWSPAPBBS. 

The  Westfield  Index,  established  by  James  V.  Leach  and  IT.  W.  McNaughton, 
was  the  first  newspaper  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  The  editorial  department  was 
under  the  personal  charge  of  Mr.  Leach.  It  was  independent  in  politics.  Mr.  Mc- 
Naughton  soon  sold  out  to  Mr.  Leach,  who  discontinued  the  publication  of  the  paper 
in  July,  1874.  In  November,  1875,  0.  S.  Webster  purchased  the  material  and  started 
the  Westfield  Idea,  as  an  organ  of  the  Greenback  party.  Early  m.  1878  the  paper 
was  removed  to  Wellsboro. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1878  E.  M.  Bixby,  formerly  of  the  Elkland  Journal,  began 
the  publication  of  the  Westfield  Free  Press.  In  1881  he  sold  out  to  J.  E.  Eugaber, 
who  conducted  it  until  January  1,  1890,  when  J.  Hart  Miller  and  A.  C.  Kimball 
purchased  it.  At  the  close  of  the  year  Mr.  Kimball  bought  Mr.  Miller's  interest  and 
has  since  conducted  the  paper  alone.  In  January,  1896,  he  changed  it  to  an  all  home 
print.  It  is  independent  in  politics,  being  devoted  to  local  news  and  the  interests  of 
the  northwestern  part  of  the  county.     It  is  bright,  readable,  and  ably  conducted. 

EAILBOADS. 

In  the  year  1882  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Company  completed  a  liue  of  railroad 
from  Lawrenceville  to  Westfield,  and  to  Harrison  Valley,  in  Potter  county.  The  first 
station  agent,  J.  C.  Edwards,  was  succeeded  in  1883,  by  E.  S.  Horton,  who  still  fills 
that  position.  The  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad  was  also  built  in  1882  as 
a  narrow  gauge  road.  In  March,  1895,  it  was  changed  to  standard  gauge.  At 
Westfield  it  turns  southwest  and  follows  the  Mill  creek  valley,  passing  through 
Westfield,  Clymer  and  Gaines  townships  into  Potter  county.  The  agent  at  Westfield 
is  G.  H.  Tremain,  who  has  held  that  position  since  the  opening  of  the  station,  which 
is  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  borough.  These  two  lines  of  railroad  make 
Westfield  an  important  business  and  shipping  center,  and  since  their  completion  the 
borough  has  more  than  doubled  the  number  of  its  inhabitants.  There  has  also  been 
a  corresponding  increase  in  the  amount  of  business  transacted.  In  the  business 
district  the  old  frame  buildings  have  given  place  to  handsome  brick  blocks,  and  the 
town  wears  a  wide-awake,  enterprising  and  progressive  appearance. 

CHUECHES    AND    CEMETEHIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Westfield,  incorporated  September  11,  1855, 
was  organized  about  1830,  under  the  ministration  of  Eevs.  Marshall,  St.  John,  David 
Fellows  and  Samuel  Conant.  Meetings  were  first  held  in  the  old  school  house  west 
of  the  Main  street  bridge,  near  the  mill  race.  Among  the  early  pastors  were  Eev. 
Theobald  McElhaney  and  Eev.  Samuel  Mchols,  the  latter  being  appointed  to  this 
charge  in  1842.  ISTo  list  of  the  names  of  the  pastors  serving  between  this  year  and 
1854  has  been  obtainable.  In  1854,  however,  Eev.  William  Armstrong  took  charge. 
He  was  followed  in  1857  by  Eev.  Thompson  Jolly  and  Eev.  A.  Davison.     Their 


446  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

successors  have  been  Eevs.  J.  J.  Turtin,  appointed  in  1858;  James  Duncan,  1859; 

A.  Sweet,  1860;  William  M.  Haskell,  1861;  Walter  Stathen,  1862;  Veranus 
Brownell,  1863;  C.  L.  P.  Howe,  1865;  Myron  H.  DePuy,  1866;  C.  Eowley,  1867; 
0.  B.  Weaver,  1868;  W.  W.  Hunt,  1871;  Isaac  Everitt,  1873;  G.  S.  Transue,  1875; 
0.  N.  Eoberts,  1878;  H.  Peck,  1879;  J.  Knapp,  1880;  G.  W.  Howland,  1881;  H.  B. 
Mason,  1883;  J.  W.  Barnett,  1886;  D.  A.  Parcells,  1887;  W.  I.  Janes,  1892,  and  W. 
0.  Peet,  the  present  pastor,  in  October,  1895.  A  church  building  was  erected  in 
1854,  during  the  pastorate  of  Mr.  Armstrong.  It  was  replaced  in  1887  by  the  present 
edifice,  which  cost  $7,500.  The  pastor's  residence  was  erected  in  1869,  during  the 
pastorate  of  Eev.  0.  B.  Weaver.     It  cost  $2,500. 

The  First  Wesleyan  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Westfield,  incorporated  Janu- 
ary 14,  1875,  was  organized  June  14,  1846,  by  Eev.  S.  Hall  and  G.  A.  Lambert,  who 
were  the  early  pastors.  Their  successors  have  been  Eevs.  L.  Salisbury  and  G.  P. 
Burdick,  1854;  Amos  Chapman,  1855;  Francis  Strang,  1869;  P.  S.  Slanson;  S.  W. 
Jennings,  1877;  J.  S.  Pausey,  1882;  S.  W.  Jennings,  1883;  J.  S.  Fausey,  1886; 
W.  A.  Scribner,  1895,  and  John  Drake,  who  took  charge  in  May,  1896.  In  1870, 
through  the  exertions  of  Eev.  Prancis  Strang  and  Eev.  Stephen  A.  Leonard,  a  house 
of  worship,  costing  $1,000,  was  erected.  The  church  now  numbers  130  members, 
with  fifty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school. 

St.  John's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  is  the  outgrowth  of  meetings  held  during 
1882,  by  Eev.  Percy  Clinton  Webber,  at  that  time  rector  of  St.  Andrew's  church  at 
Tioga.  The  first  meetings  were  held  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  after- 
wards in  a  room  over  C.  E.  Krusen's  store,  rented  for  the  purpose.  Mr.  Webber 
made  occasional  visits.  Eev.  William  Painter  was  the  first  resident  minister,  serving 
also  the  churches  at  Gaines  and  Elkland.     Eev.  William  Du  Hammel  and  Eev.  L. 

B.  Thomas,  also  paid  the  mission  visits.  August  1,  1895,  Eev.  W.  N.  E.  Ashmead, 
the  present  rector,  took  charge.  Among  the  early  members  of  this  church  were 
Prank  Yeager,  Guy  Clark,  Joseph  Eberle,  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Eberle,  Mrs.  Charles  Bliss, 
Cora  A.  Bliss,  W.  H.  Vermilyea,  M.  P.  Sherman  and  wife,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  B.  Claus- 
son.  Miss  Ann  Ackley,  Mrs.  Edward  Bulkley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Clark,  Mrs.  A. 
Christie,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Dengle,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Krusen,  Mrs.  S.  I.  Krusen,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Smith  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  P.  Everitt.  Through  the  generosity  of  Mrs. 
John  H.  Sherwood,  of  New  York  City,  a  sister  of  D.  B.  Clausson,  who  contributed 
$5,000,  the  society  was  able  in  1893  to  begin  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship, 
which  was  completed  and  opened  for  service  November  8, 1895.  This  edifice,  which 
cost  $7,500,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  church  buildings  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  built  of  bluish-gray  stone,  quarried  on  the  hill  north  of  the  borough.  The 
blocks  are  small,  laid  irregularly,  and  the  masonry  is  what  is  known  as  "rock-finish" 
work.  The  interior  is  semi-Gothic  and  finished  in  natural  wood.  Handsome 
stained  glass  memorial  windows  were  contributed  as  follows:  John  H.  Sherwood, 
by  the  society;  Kate  A.  Wakeley  and  Maud  E.  Wakeley,  by  the  family;  Lafayette 
Hill,  by  his  widow;  Prank  Eberle,  Prank  Eberle,  Jr.,  and  Pannie  C.  Eberle,  by  the 
family;  W.  H.  Vermilyea,  by  Mrs.  W.  H.  Vermilyea,  and  Margarette  A.  Wells,  by 
the  family.  The  building  was  erected  under  the  supervision  of  W.  P.  Everitt,  Albert 
P.  Yahn,  J.  W.  Smith,  G.  H.  Tremain  and  C.  E.  Krusen,  building  committee.    The 


WESTFIELD    BOEOUGH.  447 


church,  which  numbers  about  forty  members,  has  not  yet  been  chartered.  There  are 
twenty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  which  is  in  charge  of  the  rector. 

The  Universalist  Church  of  Westfield  was  organized  June  36,  1887.  As  early, 
however,  as  1851  ministers  of  this  denomination  visited  Westfield.  The  first  of 
these  was  Eev.  Wallace  BuUard,  who  was  followed  by  Eev.  Mr.  Darrow,  Eev.  Earl 
Wesley,  Eev.  Mr.  Fuller,  Eev.  Mr.  Whitcomb,  Eev.  J.  S.  Palmer,  Eev.  W.  H.  Mc- 
Laughlin and  Eev.  Emma  E.  Bailey.  In  June,  1887,  through  the  efforts  of  Ambrose 
Close,  William  Converse,  Stephen  Martin,  Jr.,  and  Eev.  H.  W.  Hand,  an  organization 
was  effected.  On  September  39,  of  the  same  year,  the  comer-stone  of  a  neat  and 
attractive  house  of  worship  was  laid  by  Eev.  George  Adams,  of  Athens,  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  building,  which  cost  $3,500,  was  designed  by  G.  B.  Davis,  and  the  con- 
struction superintended  by  Ambrose  Close  and  William  Converse.  It  was  dedicated 
December  14,  1888.  Among  the  early  members  of  this  church  were  William  Con- 
verse, Ambrose  Close,  S.  Martin,  G.  B.  Davis,  A.  C.  Kimball,  G.  A.  King,  Mrs.  G. 
A.  King,  Cora  Close,  Mrs.  A.  Sayles,  G.  H.  Tremain  and  J.  G.  Osbom.  The  first 
officers  and  trustees  were  Ambrose  Close,  president;  Mrs.  E.  E.  Parshall,  secretary, 
and  William  Converse,  Sundaj'-school  superintendent.  The  pastors  have  been 
Eevs.  C.  C.  Eichardson,  F.  Temple  Lathe,  T.  M.  Alvord,  G.  W.  Barnes  and  Marcia 
D.  Selman.  The  church  now  numbers  fifty  members.  There  are  twenty-five  pupils 
in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  H.  J.  Stocking  is  the  superintendent. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Westfield  was  organized  August  5,  1891,  and  incor- 
porated October  17, 1895.  Th'e  names  of  the  original  members  are  as  follows:  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  C.  M.  Allen,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  D.  Van  Dusen,  Mrs.  S.  M.  Cottrell,  Lena 
Cottrell,  Mrs.  Amasa  Ellis,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Eev.  A.  W.  and  A.  E.  Mettler,  Mrs.  J. 
Eichardson.  The  names  of  the  pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  A.  W.  Mettler,  1891-93; 
C.  A.  Wilson,  1894,  and  S.  A.  Field,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  1895. 
The  society  holds  its  meetings  in  Tucker's  hall,  the  use  of  which  was  given  free  for 
five  years.  About  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  the  Baptists  had  an  organization  in 
Westfield,  but  removals,  deaths,  etc.,  depleted  its  membership.  The  present  church, 
though  a  new  one,  is  the  second  organized  in  the  borough. 

The  Krusen  Cemetery,  situated  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough,  was  estab- 
lished in  1867  by  Eiehard  Krusen.  It  occupies  a  circular,  mound-like  knoll,  less  than 
100  feet  in  diameter,  which  rises  about  eight  feet  above  the  level  of  the  surrounding 
land.  Some  are  inclined  to  believe  it  an  old  Indian  mound,  but  no  attempt  to  explore 
it  has  ever  been  made.  This  cemetery  contains  the  graves  of  many  early  settlers. 
The  limited  area  caused  it  to  be  quickly  filled,  and  burials  there  ceased  several 
years  ago. 

Mount  Pleasant  Cemetery  Company  was  organized  April  19,  1893,  the  officers 
and  incorporators  being  0.  A.  Tremain,  president;  Albert  Baker,  secretary;  Clar- 
ence Hancock,  treasurer;  James  Tubbs,  superintendent,  and  J.  W.  Hancock,  James 
Champlin  and  John  G.  Bowman.  The  company  owns  forty  acres  of  land  northeast 
of  the  borough  which  is  devoted  to  burial  purposes. 

SOCIETIES. 

Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized  December  28,  1870,  by  E.. 
W.,  E.  C.  Simpson,  D.  D.,  G.  M.,  with  the  following  officers  and  members:    T.  C. 


448  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Sanders,  W.  M.;  N.  J.  Knisen,  S.  W.;  E.  B.  Bulkley,  J.  W.;  A.  D.  Ashcraft,  S.  D.; 
Nelson  Doty,  J.  D.;  E.  H.  Stebbins,  S.;  Isaac  Plank,  T.;  John  Davis,  S.  M.  C;  K. 
B.  Hill,  J.  M.  C;  E.  P.  Pish,  P.;  0.  B.  Weaver,  C;  A.  K.  Sayles,  T.,  and  Sylvester 
D.  Phillips,  Dr.  James  Hasten,  Philetus  E.  Corbin,  Charles  Bliss  and  Levi  Skinner. 
The  lodge  now  numbers  over  eighty  members. 

Westfield  Chapter,  No.  265,  R.  A.  M.,  was  organized  December  19, 1883,  with  the 
following  of&cers  and  members:  W.  H.  Vermilyea,  H.  P.;  Gilbert  H.  Tremain,  K.; 
Elijah  H.  Thompson,  S.;  Lovel  Plank,  T.;  James  Masten,  M.  D.,  S.;  John  Champ- 
lin,  T.,  and  W.  H.  Fuller,  James  F.  Lewis,  Mies  W.  McNaughton,  George  W.  Fisk, 
Justus  E.  Green  and  Adelbert  E.  Vermilyea.  The  ofRce  of  High  Priest  has  been 
filled  as  follows:  William  H.  Vermilyea,  Gilbert  H.  Tremain,  Elijah  H.  Thompson, 
Kiles  W.  McNaughton,  Edson  G.  Davidge,  Charles  E.  Krusen,  George  S.  Trim,  Wil- 
liam B.  Eiddell,  Wentworth  D.  Vedder,  M.  D.,  and  Lovel  Plank.  There  are  now 
thirty-two  members  in  this  chapter. 

Jemison  Lodge,  No.  S32, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  November  30,  1883,  the 
charter  being  a  re-issue  of  a  charter  granted  October  16, 1848,  to  Cowanesque  Lodge, 
No.  333,  of  Knoxville.  The  original  lodge  flourished  until  1867,  when  it  was  re- 
moved to  Mansiield.  In  1873  another  lodge  known  as  Deerfleld  Lodge,  No.  800,  was 
organized  in  Knoxville.  This  maintained  an  organization  until  1883,  when  it  passed 
out  of  existence  and  the  records  were  transferred  to  Jemison  Lodge,  Westfield.  The 
first  ofiicers  and  charter  members  of  this  lodge  were  as  follows:  L.  H.  King,  N.  G.; 
A.  P.  King,  V.  G.;  C.  H.  Martin,  S.;  A.  B.  Beers,  A.  S.;  P.  V.  Eolason,  T.,  and  G.  A. 
King,  J.  S.  Barto  and  S.  L.  Bouvier.  The  lodge  now  numbers  sixty-four  members, 
several  of  whom  are  residents  of  Knoxville  borough  and  Deerfield  township.  West- 
field  Encampment,  No.  373,  the  members  of  which  also  belong  to  this  lodge,  was 
organized  August  33, 1887,  and  has  now  sixty-four  members. 

R.  P.  Babcock  Post,  No.  25S,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  July  11,  1883.  The  first 
ofBcers  were  A.  A.  Amsbry,  C;  C.  C.  Ackley,  S.  V.  C;  Seth  Tremain,  J.  V.  C;  S. 
P.  Chase,  C;  A.  K.  Sayles,  Q.;  A.  D.  Ashcraft,  S.;  W.  M.  Kiser,  0.  D.;  M.  D.  Whip- 
ple, 0.  G.;  M.  D  Foster,  A.;  D.  Whitmarsh,  S.  M.,  and  S.  K.  Eumsey,  Q.  S.  This 
post  numbers  among  its  members  many  of  the  soldiers  of  the  late  Civil  War,  resident 
in  Brookfield,  Westfield  and  Clymer  townships  as  well  as  in  Westfield  borough.  It 
is  strong  and  prosperous. 

R.  P.  Babcock  W.  R.  C,  No.  128,  was  organized  February  6,  1889,  with  the 
following  officers  and  members:  Lucy  Kimball,  P. ;  Lizzie  Sturdevant,  S.  V;  Nettie 
Kizer,  J.  V.;  Nora  Johnson,  S.;  Addie  Manning,  T.,  and  Anveretta  Close,  Kate 
Horton,  Mariah  Van  Dusen,  Sarah  Jones,  Emma  Scott,  Amelia  Moore  and  Kate 
McNeil.     This  corps  at  present  numbers  forty  members. 

There  are  also  a  number  of  other  secret  and  beneficiary  organizations  in  the 
borough,  some  of  which  have  a  large  membership.  The  Knights  of  Honor  are  repre- 
sented by  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  1306,  which  was  organized  September  16,  1878,  and 
chartered  in  January,  1885.  Westfield  Council,  No.  3,  Chosen  Friends,  was  organ- 
ized in  1881,  with  thirty  members,  but  has  not  met  for  several  years,  though  a  few 
members  pay  dues  regularly.  Westfield  Local  Branch,  No.  1077,  Order  of  the  Iron 
Hall,  had  a  good  membership  before  the  suspension  of  the  order.  It  has  held  no 
meeting  for  two  years.     A  lodge  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  was  organized  as  early 


C^:^^^^^^;e-^^<:^ 


BEOOKFIBLD    TOWNSHIP.  449 


as  1854,  since  which  time  there  have  been  several  lodges,  both  of  the  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance and  of  the  Good  Templars.  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  67,  S.  P.  I.,  was  organized 
December  18,  1890.  It  now  numbers  fifteen  members.  Enlalia  Grange,  No.  1088, 
P.  of  H.,  was  organized  August  18,  1893.  It  is  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  has 
eighty  members.  Westfield  Tent,  Ko.  155,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  March  10, 
1893,  with  forty  members,  since  increased  to  sixty-five.  Westfield  Hive,  No.  46, 
L.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  March  13,  1894,  and  chartered  July  31,  1894.  It  now 
numbers  thirty-four  members.  Fleetwood  Tribe,  Improved  Order  of  Eed  Men,  was 
organized  December  2,  1896. 


CHAPTEE  XXXIY. 

BEOOKPIELD  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Location  and  ^.rea— Physical  Features— Streams— Forest 
Growth— Population— Justices  of  the  Peace— Early  Settlers— Mills 
AND  Factories- Schools— Churches  and  Cemeteries- Villages. 


BEOOKPIELD  township,  so  named  from  the  number  of  brooks  'that  traverse 
its  surface,  was  organized  in  February,  1837,  and  was  taken  from  Westfield 
township.  It  is  the  northwestern  township  of  the  county,  the  New  York  state  line 
forming  its  northern  and  the  Potter  county  line  its  western  boundary.  It  is  seven 
miles  from  east  to  west,  with  an  average  width  from  north  to  south  of  four  miles, 
and  contains  twenty-eight  square  miles.  Deerfield  township  lies  east  and  Westfield 
township  south  of  it.  Its  northern,  eastern  and  western  boundary  lines  are  straight, 
and  its  southern  boundary  line  irregular,  due,  so  it  is  alleged,  to  the  surveyor  getting 
his  figures  mixed.  This  irregular  line,  however,  follows  the  general  direction,  from 
southwest  to  northeast,  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  which  flows  through  the  northern 
part  of  Westfield  township.  The  southern  half  of  its  surface  is  mountainous,  the 
tillable  land  being  confined  to  narrow  and  deep  valleys,  traversed  by  brooks  which 
are  fed  by  numerous  springs.  The  mean  elevation  above  the  sea  is  1,550  feet,  the 
range  being  from  1,300  feet,  in  the  lower  creek  valleys,  to  1,800  feet  on  the  mountain 
tops.  The  northern  half  of  the  township,  though  somewhat  rugged  and  hilly,  may 
be  better  described  as  rolling.  It  embraces  the  upland  area,  and  is  nearly  all- 
summits,  hillsides  and  valleys— tillable  and  under  cultivation. 

The  North  Fork  creek  enters  the  township  from  Potter  county,  midway  of  the 
western  boundary  line,  receives  Brown  run,  which  flows  down  from  the  village  of 
Brookfield— also  known  as  Mink  Hollow  and  Brookfield  Hollow— and  enters  West- 

29 


450  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

field  township  near  the  fair  grounds.  California  brook  rises  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
southeast  of  Brookfield,  and  flows  southeast  into  Westfield  township  north  of  West- 
field  borough.  Purple  brook  rises  north  and  east  of  the  centre  of  the  township,  and 
flows  into  Westfield  township  north  of  Cowanesque.  North  brook  rises  near  the 
New  York  state  line,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township,  flows  in  an  easterly 
direction  for  three  miles  and  a  half  and  unites  with  Troup's  creek.  This  latter 
stream  is  referred  to  in  early  deeds  as  "Troup's  Town  Branch."  It  was  named  for 
Eobert  Troup,  attorney  for  David  Cathcart  (Lord  Alloway),  and  Masterson  lire, 
owners  of  an  extended  landed  estate  in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  where  it  has  its 
source.  Its  general  direction  is  southeast  and  it  flows  through  the  northeastern  part 
of  Brookfield  township  into  Deerfield  township  and  unites  with  the  Cowanesque  river 
at  Knoxville.  At  Austinburg  it  receives  the  waters  of  South  brook,  a  small  run 
flowing  from  the  southwest.  Inscho  run  rises  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township 
and  flows  southeast  into  Deerfield  township. 

When  the  township  was  first  settled  the  greater  portion  of  its  area  was  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  pine  and  hemlock.  So  long  as  the  timber  supply  lasted, 
lumbering  was  an  important  industry,  but  now  that  it  is  practically  exhausted,  the 
people  of  the  township  rely  for  revenue  and  support  upon  the  products  of  their 
farms.  Brookfield  is,  therefore,  one  of  the  distinctively  agricultural  townships  of 
the  county.     Its  farms  are  well  cultivated  and  its  people  prosperous. 

There  being  no  large  towns  or  villages  within  the  township  its  population  shows 
but  little  change  from  decade  to  decade.  The  eefisus  of  1840  gave  it  438  inhabitants; 
1870,  885;   1880,  910,  and  1890,  1,031. 

The  office  of  Justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  by  the  following  named  persons: 
Isaac  Metealf,  1828;  Allen  Frazer,  1830;  Colton  Knox,  1832;  Archibald  Campbell, 
1833;  Edward  C.  Young,  1834;  John  Walker,  Jr.,  1835;  Eddy  Rowland,  1838; 
Byram  Hunt,  1838;  re-elected  in  1840;  William  Simmons,  1840;  re-elected  in  1845, 
1850;  Horace  Seely,  1845;  S.  H.  Murdock,  1850;  re-elected,  1860;  George  W.  Bacon, 
1855;  L.  D.  Seely,  1855;  John  Simmons,  1860;  re-elected,  1865,  1870,  1875;  John 
G.  Holmes,  1865;  re-elected,  1870, 1875;  C.  H.  Murdock,  1880;  Malcolm  L.  Holmes, 
1881;  re-elected,  1882,  1887;  S.  P.  Chase,  1886;  re-elected,  1891,  1896;  Frank 
Clark,  1893,  and  E.  E.  Holmes,  1897. 

EAELY    SETTLERS. 

The  permanent  settlement  of  the  township  began  in  1809.  At  this  time  there 
were  two  small  camps  of  Indians  of  six  or  eight  persons  each  within  the  township- 
one  near  Mink  Hollow,  now  the  village  of  Brooldield,  and  the  other  on  what  wab 
afterwards  known  as  the  J.  S.  Grantier  place.  These  Indians  were  friendly  to  the 
settlers  and  took  frequent  occasion  to  show  their  good  will.  One  of  them,  known 
as  Indian  Jim,  often  hunted  with  the  whites  and  frequently  supplied  them  with 
lead  for  bullets.  It  is  said  he  procured  this  metal  in  Potter  county,  but  would  never 
disclose  the  location. 

About  the  year  named — that  is,  1809 — Bedford  George,  Titus  Ives,  Elihu  Hill 
and  Curtis  Cady  came  into  the  township  with  their  families.  Bedford  George  settled 
on  Troup's  creek,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  a  short  distance  east  of 
the  E.  P.  Schoonover  store  in  Austinburg.     Titus  Ives,  who  first  came  into  the 


BROOKFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  451 


county  in  1794  or  1795,  and  lived  for  a  time  in  Tioga  township,  settled  nearly  a  mile 
further  up  the  creek,  on  the  place  still  owned  by  his  descendants.  The  first  frame 
house  in  the  township  was  built  by  him  about  1839.  Elihu  Hill  settled  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  township — known  in  the  early  days  as  Hilltown — on  the 
Bacon  place.  Curtis  Cady  settled  west  of  Hill  on  what  was  afterwards  known  aa 
the  Stryker  place.  Twin  daughters — .the  first  white  children  bom  in  the  township — 
were  added  to  his  family  here.  John  Joseph,  the  next  settler,  came  from  Blkland 
and  located  on  the  John  Dougherty  faxm.  In  1813  Samuel  Baker  and  his  sons,  Ira 
and  Amos,  settled  on  the  old  Baker  homestead,  south  of  Brookfield.  John  H.  Brown, 
a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  came  about  the  same  time,  and  settled  on  the  Brookfield 
village  site.  Luman  Seely,  a  native  of  Cornwall,  Connecticut,  settled,  in  1814,  on 
the  place  afterwards  occupied  by  his  son,  Luman  D.  Seely,  now  a  resident  of  Knox- 
ville.  He  built  a  log  house  with  no  chimney,  the  smoke  finding  an  outlet  through 
a  small  hole  in  the  roof,  which  was  also  utilized  for  smoking  hams.  In  1814,  also, 
Daniel  Sehoonover  settled  on  Troup's  creek,  on  lands  now  owned  by  Jonas  Kilbum. 
Joseph  Swimeley  appears  to  have  resided  in  the  township  about  this  time,  his  son 
Christopher  being  bom  here  in  1814.  He  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Westfield 
township.  Stephen  Lane,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Susannah  (Ives)  Lane,  was  born  in 
Danville,  New  York,  in  1813.  His  father  died  in  1814,  and  his  mother,  who  was 
a  daughter  of  Titus  Ives,  a  pioneer  settler  on  Troup's  creek,  returned  to  Brookfield 
township,  where  Stephen  grew  to  manhood  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by 
his  son,  "William  G.  Lane. 

Asahel  Nobles  and  his  stepson,  William  Simmons,  settled  on  the  old  Nobles 
homestead  in  1815.  Young  Simmons,  who  was  bom  in  April,  1804,  was  married 
in  1819,  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  to  Mary  A.,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  Brown.  This 
was  the  first  wedding  in  the  township.  His  son,  John  Simmons,  born  March  9, 1830, 
is  the  oldest  living  person  bom  in  the  township.  Soon  after  his  marriage  William 
Simmons  moved  on  and  cleared  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son,  Andrew  J.  Sim- 
mons. In  1819  Godfrey  Bowman,  a  native  of  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  settled 
near  the  north  road  and  built  a  large  frame  house,  long  known  as  the  Godfrey  Bow- 
man house.  This  building,  which  was  never  completed,  was  used  as  an  inn  until 
about  1881,  when  it  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  a  new  building.  Simeon  B. 
Lewis,  a  native  of  Eenssalaer  county.  New  York,  settled  in  1830  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  George  Eeitter  and  lived  there  until  1851,  when  he  removed  to  Westfield. 
Hibbard  Bonney,  a  physician,  settled  in  the  township  about  1830,  practiced  his  pro- 
fession for  several  years  and  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he  died.  John  Coffin,  a  native 
of  New  Hampshire,  settled  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township  in  1833.  Isaac 
H.  Metcalf  settled  on  the  Adam  Loper  farm  in  1834.  He  was  one  of  the  first  justices 
of  the  peace  and  the  first  postmaster  of  the  township.  In  1836  Ambrose  Parker 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Charles  Brown,  and  later  cleared  and  lived  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  I.  P.  Parker.  Lovel  Plank,  a  native  of  Pomfret,  Con- 
necticut, settled  in  1831  on  the  old  homestead,  where  his  grandson,  W.  L.  Plank, 
now  resides. 

The  foregoing  names  include  those  of  the  more  prominent  settlers  between 
1809  and  1831.  They  were  the  men  who  cleared  the  first  farms  in  the  localities  in 
which  they  settled,  facing  all  the  dangers  and  experiencing  all  the  hardships  and 


452  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA.  COUNTY. 

privations  of  pioneer  life.  With  few  exceptions,  the  old  homesteads  are  owned  and 
occupied  by  their  descendants,  who  rank  among  the  most  intelligent  and  pro- 
gressive citizens  of  this  prosperous  township. 

MILLS     AND     FACTOKIES. 

At  one  time  there  were  a  number  of  water  and  steam  saw-mills  in  difierent 
parts  of  the  township.  Of  those  the  only  ones  left  are  the  Sehoonover  mill,  at 
Austinburg,  and  the  Gardner  mill,  on  North  Fork,  near  the  Westfield  township  Hne. 
This  latter  mill,  first  run  by  water  power,  was  built  about  1840,  by  Jonathan 
Pierce,  and  sold  by  him  a  few  years  later  to  John  Gardner,  who  operated  it  until 
his  death,  in  1885,  since  which  time  it  has  been  owned  and  operated  by  his  son, 
Milo  Gardner.  It  is  now  run  by  steam  and  has  a  capacity  of  10,000  feet  of  lumber 
per  day.  A  cheese  factory,  near  the  Clark  school  house,  on  Pulple  brook,  is  operated 
by  0.  H.  Snyder,  who  also  operates  factories  at  Brookfield  and  Sylvester.  These 
constitute  the  principal  enterprises  of  the  township,  the  people  of  which  devote 
their  energies  to  agriculture.  Considerable  attention  is  paid  to  dairying,  and  the 
cheese  factories  of  the  township  are  well  supported  by  the  farmers  in  their  immediate 
vicinity.  The  product  of  these,  factories  averages  annually  not  far  from  500,000 
pounds. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  township  was  taught  ^about  1817  by  Asa  Bushnell,  in 
Curtis  Cady's  house.  Among  his  pupils  were  four  of  Curtis  Cady's  children,  four 
of  John  Joseph's,  two  of  Mr.  Eoberts',  and  William  Simmons,  then  thirteen  years 
of  age.  The  first  school  house  was  built  about  1820,  at  the  foot  of  Noble's  hill, 
about  where  the  school  house  of  District  No.  2  now  stands.  Eev.  Samuel  Conant 
was, the  first  teacher  here.  He  was  succeeded  by  Anna  Van  Camp  and  Luman 
Seely.  J.  B.  Murdock  and  J.  B.  Seely  were  also  early  teachers  in  the  township.  The 
first  select  school  was  taught  in  1846  by  William  B.  Price.  After  the  passage  of 
the  public  school  law,  in  1834,  the  township  was  divided  into  school  districts,  and 
three  new  school  houses  built  before  1840.  Three  more  were  completed  before 
1860.  There  are  now  ten  public  school  districts  in  the  township.  Frame  school 
buildings  have  replaced  the  primitive  log  structures,  and  modern  methods  and 
appliances  make  the  work  easier  for  teachers  and  pupils. 

CHUKCHES    AND    CEMETBEIES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Broolcfield,  incorporated  September  8, 
1859,  was  organized  about  the  year  1818,  and  grew  out  of  meetings  held  by  Kev. 
Thomas  Magee — the  first  minister  to  preach  in  the  township — and  Eev.  Mr.  Nash. 
It  was  first  known  as  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Mink  Hollow.  The  first 
place  of  meeting  was  at  John  Joseph's  dwelling  house,  and  the  first  members  were 
Ira  Baker,  Amos  Baker,  Samuel  Baker,  John  Joseph,  William  Joseph,  Azel  Nobles 
and  their  wives,  and  Hannah  Joseph,  Deborah  Joseph  and  Curtis  Cady.  The  first 
pastor  was  Eev.  Thomas  Magee,  whose  successor  was  Eev.  Mr.  Nash.  In  1836  Kev. 
Nathan  Fellows  took  charge  and  during  his  pastorate  conducted  a  very  successful 
series  of  meetings  at  Curtis  Cady's  house.  Meetings  were  held  from  house  to 
house  throughout  the  township,  resulting  in  such  an  increase  of  members   that 


BEOOKPIBLD    TOWNSHIP.  453 


who  served  as  pastors  of  this  church,  as  successors  of  those  already  named,  previous 
George  as  leader.  The  leader  of  the  western  society  was  Ira  Baker.  Among  those 
another  class  was  organized  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  with  William 
in  1852;  William  Armstrong,  1854;  T.  J.  Bissell,  1857;  James  Duncan,  1858; 
William  M.  Haskell,  1859;  Joel  H.  Austin,  1861;  Charles  Bush,  1863;  Cornelius 
Dillenbeck,  1864;  A.  F.  Countryman,  1866;  C.  G.  Lowell,  1867;  J.  V.  Lowell, 
1869;  George  Blanchard,  1870;  Charles  Weeks,  1873;  Isaac  Eyeritt,  1873;  G.  S. 
Transue,  1875;  0.  N".  Eoherts,  1878;  Harris  Peek,  1879;  John  Knapp,  1880; 
Jasper  Kellogg,  1881;  H.  B.  Mason,  1883;  J.  C.  Stevens,  1886;  Charles  E.  Morrow, 
1888;  Frank  H.  Eowley,  1890  to  1895;  J.  S.  Brown,  1896-97.  This  church  now 
numbers  twenty-one  members,  with  fifty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which 
S.  P.  Chase  has  been  the  superintendent  for  nearly  thirteen  years.  Eev.  Justus  B. 
Seely,  a  local  minister,  often  preached  for  this  congregation,  of  which  he  was  a  life- 
long member.    He  was  a  son  of  Luman  Seely,  the  pioneer. 

The  Second  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  BrooTcfield,  incorporated  August  36, 
1863,  was  organized  April  18,  1860,  and  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  formed  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  township  previous  to  1840.  The  church  was  organized  by  Eev. 
William  M.  Haskell.  The  first  board  of  trustees  consisted  of  Luman  D.  Seely, 
William  E.  Seely,  Allen  Potter,  John  George,  John  L.  Miller  and  Eiehard  Schoon- 
over.  Of  these  Luman  D.  Seely  and  Eiehard  Schoonover  are  the  only  survivors. 
The  members  of  the  first  building  committee  were:  William  Jordan,  George  W. 
Northrop,  Zenas  Pierce,  James  Eoff  and  Levi  W.  Grinolds.  Soon  after  the  organi- 
zation the  society  decided  to  build.  A  lot  in  the  village  of  Austinburg  was  pur- 
chased of  E.  P.  Eddy  for  $50,  and  the  contract  for  the  building  let  to  John  W. 
Fitch  for  $1,090.  It  was  dedicated  January  39,  1863,  by  Eev.  A.  M.  Fillmore, 
presiding  elder  of  the  Homellsville  district.  The  dedicatory  sermon  was  preached 
by  Eev.  William  M.  Haskell.  The  names  of  the  pastors  of  this  church  are  as  follows: 
Eevs.  Charles  Bush,  Joel  H.  Austin,  Cornelius  Dillenbeck,  I.  A.  Blanchard,  A.  F. 
Countryman,  C.  G.  Lowell,  J.  V.  Lowell,  Charles  Weeks,  J.  Knapp,  George  S. 
Spencer,  John  Irons,  David  White,  C.  M.  Gardner,  H.  J.  Owen  and  S.  C.  Famham, 
who  took  charge  in  October,  1894.  There  are  about  fifty  members  in  the  church  at 
present,  and  about  the  same  number  of  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  M.  V. 
Jordan  is  the  Duperintendent. 

The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Broolcfield,  incorporated  December  15,  1861, 
was  organized  June  23,  1840,  at  the  house  of  Sheldon  Atkins,  by  Eevs.  Philip 
White,  Jesse  Bennett  and  Isaac  Hill.  The  church  was  the  outgrowth  of  meetings 
previously  held  by  Eev.  James  Sherwood,  of  Cameron,  New  York,  which  resulted 
ia  a  number  of  conversions.  The  original  members  were:  Sheldon  Atkins,  Eiehard 
Baird,  John  Owens,  Daniel  Andrus,  Chester  G.  Seely,  Ives  Lane,  Martha  Atkins, 
Susan  Baird,  Lucinda  Owens  and  Clarissa  Joseph.  Meetings  were  held  in  dwell- 
ings and  at  the  old  school  house  until  1860,  when  the  present  house  of  worship,  at 
Austinburg,  was  begun.  It  was  completed  in  June,  1861,  and  is  valued  at  $1,500. 
The  first  pastor,  Eev.  Jesse  Bennett,  remained  two  years;  the  second,  Eev.  James 
Sherwood,  three  years.    The  names,  of  their  successors,  in  order  of  service,  are  as 


454  HISTOBY    OF   TIOGA-  COUNTY. 


follows:  Eev.  William  Mack,  1850-51;  Levi  C.  Warriner,  1853-56;  Selden  Butler, 
1857-60;  George  Knapp,  1860-61;  Selden  Butler,  1863;  D.  W.  Hunt,  1863; 
Charles  P.  Pessenden,  1865;  J.  W.  Brown,  1866;  John  Borden,  1867;  L.  Sargent, 
1871;  Hiram  Bacon,  1877-83;  0.  J.  Moon,  1883-84;  N.  J.  Shirey,  1886;  A.  J. 
Wood,  1887;  0.  C.  Hill,  1889;  N.  J.  Shirey,  1892;  D.  W.  Hunt,  1893;  E.  F.  Lyon, 
1894-95.  The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  about  forty,  with  an  equal 
number  in  the  Sunday-school,  which  is  in  charge  of  Lazell  George,  superintendent. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Broohfield,  incorporated  September  7,  1859,  was 
organized  May  35,  1848.  Rev.  William  G.  Eaymond,  a  noted  revivalist,  and  the 
first  pastor,  held  the  meetings  preceding  the  organization.  The  original  members 
...,  were  Benjamin  Cuer  and  wife,  George  Hunt,  Jackson  Hunt,  Laura  L.  Plank,  Maria 
Metcalf,  Elisha  Hackett,  Matilda  Mascho,  L.  Plank  and  D.  B.  Fisk.  A  church 
edifice  was  built  by  ISTathan  Besby  in  1859,  and  the  first  meeting  held  in  it  in 
June,  1860.  This  church  stood  at  "the  forks  of  the  road,"  east  of  the  Adam  Loper 
place.  After  prospering  for  a  few  years,  the  membership  of  this  society  dwindled, 
until  it  was  unable  to  sustain  a  regular  pastor.  Prom  1873  to  1883  no  records 
were  kept.  In  the  latter  year  those  who  had  kept  the  organization  alive,  made  an 
effort  to  revive  its  growth.  The  old  building,  which  had  become  dilapidated,  was 
sold  and  a  new  building  erected  two  miles  further  south,  near  Sylvester  postoffice. 
This  building,  which  is  a  neat  frame  edifice,  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1883. 
Since  its  erection,  services  have  been  held  regularly.  Rev.  S.  L.  Bouvier,  the  first 
pastor,  had  charge  from  1883  to  1890.  His  successors  have  been:  Revs.  J.  Mul- 
lany,  1890-91;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1891-93;  A.  W.  Mettler,  1893,  and  S.  A.  Field, 
who  came  in  ISTovember,  1894.  The  church  now  numbers  fourteen  members.  There 
are  fifty-six  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  which  has  been  maintained  without  in- 
terruption from  the  beginning.     R.  L.  Pride  is  the  superintendent. 

Cemeteries. — Brookfield  Hollow  Union  Cemetery  Association  was  organized  in 
1879,  the  trustees  being  Andrew  J.  Simmons,  Charles  Stanburrough,  I.  P.  Parker, 
John  E.  Cofiin  and  John  G.  Bowman.  This  cemetery,  which  contains  about  four 
acres,  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  road,  just  east  of  Brookfield.  It  is  the  old 
neighborhood  burying  ground,  and  contains  the  remains  of  many  of  the  first  set- 
tlers. The  Plank  cemetery,  just  east  of  the  residence  of  W.  L.  Plank,  near 
Sylvester,  was  at  first  a  family  burying  ground.  In  1854  it  was  deeded  to 
the  heirs  of  Lovell  Plank,  by  the  old  pioneer,  and  has  since  been  used  as  a  place 
of  interment  by  the  immediate  neighborhood.  At  Austinburg  there  are  two  ceme- 
<  teries.  The  old  cemetery  opposite  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church  is  the  resting  place 
of  many  of  the  pioneers,  their  children  and  their  grandchildren.  Interments  were 
made  here  as  early  as  1815.  The  new  cemetery,  situated  southeast  of  the  village,  is 
owned  by  the  Woodlawn  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated  June  1,  1885.  The 
trustees  are  Rufus  Cook,  E.  E.  Shumway,  Charles  Fitch,  M.  V.  Jordan,  Goodsell 
Everitt,  E.  E.  Holmes  and  William  Austin. 

VILLAGES. 

Broohfield — also  known  as  Mink  Hollow  and  Brookfield  Hollow — is  situated 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township,  about  half  a  mile  south  of  the  New  York 
state  line  and  a  mile  east  of  the  line  of  Potter  county.     Brown  run,  a  branch  of 


BKOOKFIELD    TOWNSHIP.  455 


the  North  Pork,  flows  from  the  north  through  the  place,  pursuing  a  slightly  south- 
west course.  When  the  first  settlers  came  into  the  township  mink  were  found  along 
this  run,  hence  the  name  Mink  Hollow.  The  first  settler  on  the  site  of  the  village 
was  John  H.  Brown,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  who  came  about  1813.  The  village  at 
present  contains  a  church,  a  school  house,  a  store  and  postoffice,  and  a  cheese  factory, 
around  which  are  clustered  a  few  farm  homes. 

The  exact  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  postoffice  has  not  been  ascertained. 
Isaac  H.  Metcalf,  who  came  into  the  township  in  1834,  and  who  was  appointed  soon 
after  coming,  was  the  first  postmaster,  the  office  being  at  his  house,  a  custom  followed 
by  his  successors  until  1866,  when  it  was  permanently  located  at  Brookfield.  Dr. 
Ethan  B.  Bacon  was  the  second  postmaster  and  held  the  office  a  number  of  years. 
J.  P.  Sleeper  was  appointed  about  1845,  and  was  succeeded  by  Joseph  W.  Davis, 
who  was  appointed  by  President  Buchanan,  and  who  held  the  ofB.ce  up  to  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Civil  War,  when  Andrew  J.  Simmons  was  appointed.  He  served  until 
1883,  and  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Stanburrough,  who  held  until  1885,  when 
C.  C.  Kizer  was  appointed.  In  May,  1888,  R.  R.  Ramsey  secured  the  of&ce  and 
held  it  until  August  1,  1893,  when  G.  0.  Manwaring  was  appointed.  Mr.  Man- 
waring  soon  after  resigned  and  the  ofiBce  lapsed.  The  patrons  of  the  office  imme- 
diately petitioned  for  its  re-establishment,  and  it  was  re-established  May  30,  1894, 
with  S.  M.  Baker,  postmaster. 

The  first  store  in  the  township  was  opened  in  this  neighborhood,  in  the  early 
thirties,  by  William  Simmons,  on  his  place,  about  a  mile  southeast  of  Brookfield.    At 
first  he  kept  the  goods  for  sale  in  his  house,  but  soon  afterwards  erected  a  small  store 
building  on  the  south  side  of  the  road  a  few  rods  east  of  his  dwelling.     He  got  his 
goods  from  Joel  Pao-khurst,  of  Elkland,  with  whom  he  appears  to  have  been  in  part- 
nership.    His  customers  were  his  neighbors,  and  he  took  his  pay  in  money  and 
labor,  generally  the  latter.     A  day's  chopping  was  the  price  of  a  yard  of  sheeting 
or  a  yard  of  calico.     Fifty  cents  a  day  was  the  usual  price  for  labor.     Mr.  Simmons 
sold  goods  here  for  many  years,  being  in  business  either  directly  or  indirectly  until 
his  death,  in  January,  1880.     J.  P.  Sleeper  and  Joseph  Montanye  also  sold  goods 
in  the  Simmons  store.     The  second  store — long  known  as  the  Gardner  store — was 
built  in  Brookfield,  at  an  early  day,  by  George  Bacon  and  David  Gardner.     Many 
others  followed  them  in  business  here,  some  of  whom  succeeded  in  building  up  a 
large  trade,  while  others,  especially  during  recent  years,  failed  to  do  a  profitable  bus- 
iness, the  trade  of  this  section  having  been  diverted  to  Westfield,  North  Fork  and 
Troupsburg.    The  store  has  been  vacant  for  more  than  two  years.    In  1866  Andrew 
J.  Simmons  erected  a  store  building  at  Brookfield,  in  which  he  kept  the  postoffice 
and  sold  goods  until  his  father's  death,  when  he  moved  back  to  the  old  homestead. 
This  building  is  also  vacant.    The  cheese  factory,  which  is  No.  3  of  the  series  of 
factories  operated  by  0.  H.  Snyder,  of  North  Fork,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania, 
was  built  in  1866  by  Wood  &  McBride.    In  1894  its  output  was  166,000  pounds  of 
cheese,  for  which  a  good  price  was  obtained. 

Brookfield  Farmers'  Alliance  and  Industrial  Association,  No.  317,  which  was 
organized  February  25,  1892,  meets  here  in  the  school  house.  It  numbers  twenty 
members  and  is  prosperous. 

Austiriburg  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township  on  Troup's  creek. 


456  HISTORY    OP   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


The  first  settler  here  was  Bedford  George,  whose  home  stood  on  the  bank  of  the 
creek,  near  the  mouth  of  South  Pork.  A  school  house  was  huilt  here  between  1835 
and  1840.  About  the  same  time  E.  P.  Eddy  built  a  saw-mill,  first  run  by  water  and 
later  by  steam.  This  mill  was  purchased  twenty  years  ago  by  Eichard  Schoonover. 
In  July,  1881,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  rebuilt  it  and  still  owns  and  operates  it. 
In  1861-63  church  buildings  were  erected  by  the  Free  Will  Baptist  and  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  societies.  The  first  store  was  opened  in  1863  by  Eichard  Schoonover, 
who  ran  it  one  year.  In  1871  William  Austin  located  here  and  opened  a  general  store, 
continuing  until  1892,  when  he  was  burned  out.  In  1877  a  postoffiee  was  established 
through  his  efforts.  He  was  appointed  the  first  postmaster  and  the  office  was  named 
Austinburg.  In  1892  E.  P.  Schoonover  opened  the  present  store  in  a  new  building, 
and  was  appointed  postmaster  as  Mr.  Austin's  successor.  A  cheese  factory,  built  in 
1883,  is  owned  and  operated  by  E.  A.  Bean,  of  Knoxville.  Its  average  annual  output 
is  100,000  pounds.  E.  E.  Shumway  owns  and  operates  a  feed  mill,  and  J.  Cartwright 
performs  the  labors  and  duties  of  the  village  blacksmith. 

Austinburg  Tent,  No.  194,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  meets  in  the  hall  over  E.  P.  Schoonover's 
store.  It  was  organized  September  14,  1893,  and  now  numbers  twenty-seven 
members. 

Sylvester  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  established  August  23, 1880,  on  the  Califor- 
nia road,  in  the  central  part  of  the  township.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  Sylvester 
L.  Plank,  oldest  son  of  Lovel  Plank,  the  pioneer.  Spencer  B.  Plank,  the  first  post- 
master, held  the  office  until  April  20,  1891,  when  he  resigned,  because  of  ill  health, 
and  C.  C.  Mead,  the  present  incumbent,  was  appointed.  Mr.  Plank  also  conducted 
a  general  store  until  1886,  when  he  sold  out  to  Mr.  Mead.  There  is  a  cheese  factory 
here  operated  by  0.  H.  Snyder.  The  Baptist  church,  Sylvester  Grange  hall  and  a 
few  residences  are  the  only  other  buildings  in  the  village. 

Sylvester  Grange,  No.  1078,  was  organized  February  9, 1893.  In  1894  it  erected 
a  two-story,  frame  hall  building  costing  $600.  This  grange  has  grown  steadily  and 
now  numbers  fifty-seven  members. 


CHAPTEE   XXXV- 

CHATHAM  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization  —  Reduction  op  Area  —  Physical  Characteristics  —  Streams- 
Timber  Growth— Early  Settlers— Pioneer  Industries— schools  and  Jus- 
tices—Churches AND  Cemeteries— Societies— Villages  and  Postoppices. 


CHATHAM  township  was  organized  in  February,  1838,  and  was  taken  from  Deer- 
field  township.  In  May,  1831,  a  strip  two  miles  wide  from  east  to  west  was  taken 
from  Middlebury  township  and  added  to  it  on  the  east.  In  1878  a  strip,  averaging 
about  two  miles  in  width,  was  taken  from  it  on  the  north  and  added  to  the  southern 
part  of  Deerfield  township.  As  at  present  constituted  it  is  about  six  and  one-fourth 
miles  from  north  to  south,  six  and  a  half  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  contains  about 
forty  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  Deerfield  township  on  the  north,  Farmington 
and  Middlebury  townships  on  the  east,  Delmar  and  Shippen  townships  on  the  south, 
and  Clymer  and  Westfield  townships  on  the  west.  The  township  is  watered  by 
numerous  nms,  brooks  and  creeks.  The  principal  of  these  is  Crooked  creek,  which, 
with  its  tributaries.  Mead's  brook  and  Norris  brook,  drains  the  central  and  eastern 
portions  of  the  township.  Other  small  unnamed  streams  drain  difEerent  sections 
of  the  township.  The  northern  boundary  of  the  township  is  practically  the  water- 
shed between  the  tributaries  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  which  flow  north,  and  those  of 
Crooked  creek,  which  flow  south  and  southeast.  The  drainage  of  the  township, 
with  the  exception  of  the  northwest  quarter,  is  in  these  last-named  directions. 
One  of  the  curious  physical  features  of  the  township  is  a  little  marsh,  from 
which  the  village  of  Little  Marsh  takes  its  name.  It  is  situated  north  of 
Crooked  creek,  a  short  distance  west  of  Beach's  Mills,  and  is  a  marshy  area  between 
the  surrounding  hills.  Its  head  is  a  narrow  ravine,  which  branches  off,  about  a 
mile  north  of  the  Boardman  school  house,  from  another  ravine,  the  natural  drainage 
of  which  is  toward  the  northwest,  while  that  of  the  Little  Marsh  ravine  is  to- 
ward the  east  and  southeast.  Until  artificially  obstructed,  the  water,  in  case 
of  heavy  rains,  has  sometimes  turned  aside,  either  in  whole  or  in  part,  into 
the  Little  Marsh  ravine,  thus  presenting  the  curious  spectacle  of  a  stream  dividing 
and  one  portion  flowing  east  and  southeast  into  Crooked  creek  and  the  other  north- 
west into  Jemison  creek.  A  natural  watershed  thus  formed  by  the  junction  of 
two  ravines,  is  a  thing  rarely  seen,  and  must  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  physical 
curiosities  of  the  county. 

The  township  is  of  uneven  and,  in  places,  rugged  surface,  yet  the  greater  part 
of  its  area  is  rolling  and  gently  undulating,  the  uncultivable  portion  being  very 
limited.  When  first  settled  its  hills  and  valleys  were  covered  with  a  heavy  growth 
of  white  pine  and  hemlock,  which,  in  the  course  of  years,  gave  way  to  cultivated 
fields  and  highly-improved  and  productive  farms.     Its  lands  are  adapted  to  the 


458  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    OOU]SrTT. 

cereal  grains,  to  grass,  tobacco  and  orchard  fruits,  and  its  annual  products  show 
that  it  is  one  of  the  best  agricultural  townships  of  the  county.  Not  having  any 
railroads  within  its  borders,  the  greater  part  of  their  trading  is  done  in  Westfield, 
Knoxville,  Osceola,  Elkland,  Sabinsville  and  Middlebury  Center.  Chatham  is 
strictly  an  agricultural  township  and  its  people  devote  their  energies  to  the  care  and 
cultivation  of  their  farms. 

EAKLT    SETTLEBS. 

The  first  white  settler  in  Chatham  township,  as  at  present  constituted,  was 
John  Short,  who  located  near  the  outlet  of  the  "Little  Marsh,"  in  1818.  Two  years 
later  he  removed  to  what  is  now  known  as  Shortsville.  He  was  soon  followed  by 
his  brothers,  Asa  and  Benoni,  the  latter  making  but  a  brief  stay.  Eeuben  Cloos,  a 
son  of  Newbiiry  Cloos,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Deerfield  township,  commenced  improve- 
ments on  his  land  in  the  "Cloos  Settlement"  in  1818.  He  built  a  log  house,  raised 
two  crops  of  grain  and,  in  1831,  moved  his  wife  to  her  new  home.  The  first  season, 
during  their  absence,  the  house  burned  with  everything  in  it,  including  $60  in  silver 
money.  William  Wass,  a  native  of  Sussex  county,  New  Jersey,  and  a  soldier  of  the 
War  of  1812,  located  in  Deerfield  township  in  1817.  His  son,  David  Wass,  now 
a  resident  of  Knoxville,  says  that  in  1818  he  removed  to  Chatham  township  and 
settled  about  two  miles  west  of  East  Chatham.  Jesse  Eowley  also  settled  in  the 
township  in  1818.  Abel  Cloos,  a  brother  of  Reuben,  settled  in  the  Cloos  neighbor- 
hood in  the  winter  of  1832-33,  and  Abel  Cloos,  an  uncle  of  Eeuben,  and  Armon 
Cloos,  a  brother,  a  year  or  two  later.  Charles  Avery,  a  native  of  Madison  county, 
New  York,  came  in  1836,  and  located  on  the  tract  of  land  on  which  the  East 
Chatham  postoffice  is  situated.  This  he  sold  in  1837  to  Sylvester  Treat,  and  located 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Edward  Carl.     Here  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

A  number  of  early  settlers  who  selected  lands  in  this  township  were  either 
pioneers  or  sons  of  pioneers  in  Deerfield  township.  Some  purchased  lands  and 
did  not  settle,  while  others  moved  into  the  township  and  became  permanent  residents 
and  citizens  of  it.  The  first  assessment  made  in  1829,  by  Allen  Frazer,  Jr.,  shows 
that  the  following  named  persons,  residents  and  non-residents,  were  taxable  in  the 
township:  Cyrus  Ames,  Aaron  Alba,  James  Allen,  Francis  Burrell,  Alexander 
Burrell,  Beersheba  Bates,  Asa  Bates,  Silas  Billings,  Daniel  Baker,  Stephen  Colvin, 
Joel  Crandall,  Samuel  Carpenter,  Allen  Frazer,  Jr.,  Eddy  Howland,  Jr.,  Joseph 
Howland,  John  Knox,  William  Knox,  David  Lesure,  John  Macumber,  Joseph 
Matson,  David  Seamans,  Level  Short,  Samuel  Strawn,  John  P.  Tracey,  Elijah 
Thompson,  Samuel  Taylor,  Mrs.  Tracey,  widow  of  A.  W.  Tracey,  William  Wass 
and  Joseph  Yamall.  Of  these  about  twenty  were  actual  settlers,  among  whom 
were  Joel  Crandall,  a  son  of  Stennett  Crandall,  who  settled  in  Osceola  township 
in  1833;  Stephen  Colvin,  who  settled  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township;  Samuel 
Carpenter,  a  son  of  Charles  Carpenter,  a  pioneer  of  Osceola  township;  Allen  Frazer, 
Jr.,  who  made  the  first  assessment  of  the  township;  David  Lesure,  who  settled  on 
Crooked  creek;  John  Macumber,  who  settled  northeast  of  Little  Marsh,  in  the  Cloos 
district;  Lovell  Short,  who  was  living  on  Crooked  creek,  at  Shortsville,  and  Samuel 
Strawn,  who  settled  on  the  place  now  owned  by  his  son,  Samuel  M.  Strawn. 

Amasa  Clark  was  bom  in  Providence,  Ehode  Island,  in  1801,  and  came  to 


CHATHAM    TOWNSHIP.  459 


Deerfield  town&hip,  in  1817,  with  Eleazer  Clark,  a  relative.  Soon  after  axriving 
at  manhood's  estate  he  became  an  early  settler  in  Chatham  township,  locating  on 
the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son,  Alanson  Clark.  Isaac  Cole,  the  oldest  living 
resident  of  the  township,  came  as  early  as  1831-32.  William  Spaulding,  a  native 
of  Hebron,  E"ew  York,  removed  from  Vermont  to  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1835,  and  in  1836  came  to  Chatham  to^mship,  settling  on  the  farm  below  Chat- 
ham Valley,  now  occupied  by  his  son-in-law,  D.  H.  Curtis.  Eobert  Hill  and 
Eensselaer  Tolas  settled  on  the  site  of  the  village  of  Little  Marsh  in  the  early 
thirties,  the  former  locating  above  and  the  latter  below  the  creek  bridge  in  the 
village.  In  1836  Matthew  Boom  settled  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township, 
near  the  "Swing  Gate"  school  house.  In  1837  Kehemiah  Beach  removed  from 
Knoxville,  located  at  Little  Marsh,  and  engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1847  he  removed 
one  mile  west  to  the  property  now  owned  by  his  son,  S.  P.  Beach.  Harvey  Leach, 
for  many  years  a  prominent  physician  with  a  large  practice,  came  into  the  township 
in  1837,  from  Steuben  county,  IsTew  York,  and  cleared  a  smail  farm,  on  which  he 
resided  till  his  death.  Eonaldo  Hawley,  a  native  of  Columbia  county,  Ifew  York, 
settled  in  1840  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Curry  Beach.  In  1841  Jeremiah  Garner 
settled  in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  southwest  of  the  Boardman  school 
house.  In  1842  Philo  Churchill  settled  on  the  farm  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
township  now  occupied  by  his  son,  Eandolph  Churchill.  Jason  Cooper,  a  soldier  of 
the  "War  of  1812,  settled  in  1844  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  township.  In 
the  same  year,  also,  Daniel  H.  Curtis,  a  native  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  settled 
below  Shortsville,  on  Crooked  creek.  In  1846  Philip  Erway  came  into  the  town- 
ship from  Delmar  township,  and  settled  on  the  farm  in  the  "Swing  Gate"  district 
which  he  still  occupies.  About  this  time  Thomas  Owlett,  a  native  of  England, 
settled  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township.  Alvin  H.  Eice,  a  native  of  Dela- 
ware county,  New  York,  came  in  1847,  and  settled  at  Little  Marsh,  and  became  the 
first  merchant  in  the  place. 

Among  other  early  settlers  were  Benson  Hill,  Z.  Burdick,  Frank  Spencer,  Aurora 
Spencer,  Calvin  Davis,  Moses  Wilhelm,  Joseph,  Whitney  and  Calvin  Wheeler,  Alex- 
ander Holmes,  Azariah  Slocum,  Samuel  Main,  Artemus  Crippen  and  Charles  Fuller, 
who  settled  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township;  Miletus  Brown,  Peter  Houghtaling 
and  Lemuel  Jackson,  who  settled  on  the  Shortsville  road;  Samuel  Mosher,  Nathan 
Taylor  and  Daniel  Hill,  on  the  Mosher  road;  John  Bates  and  Samuel  Strong,  on 
the  Bates  road;  Burdick  Hill,  Dyer  Clark  and  Josiah  Hall,  on  the  road  leading  from 
Beach's  Mills  to  Academy  Comers,  and  Daniel  Shores,  Harlow  Boyce,  Asher  Man- 
ning, Nehemiah  Smith,  Ezra  Allen,  M.  Brownell  and  Samuel  King,  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  township. 

PIONEEK    INDUSTEIES. 

Chatham,  at  the  time  of  its  settlement,  being  a  forest-covered  township,  lum- 
bering preceded  agriculture  as  its  most  important  industry.  The  leading  purpose  of 
the  settlers  was,  however,  to,  as  quickly  as  was  possible,  transform  these  tracts  into 
cultivated  farms.  Their  main  dependence  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  work 
was  a  keen-edged  ax  and  their  own  strong  arms.  Unwilling  to  wait  until  better 
roads  and  a  denser  population  should  create  a  demand  for  the  pine  and  hemlock 


460  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

that  then  encumbered  the  ground,  many  of  them  called  fire  to  their  aid  in  the 
clearing  of  their  fields,  and  this  accelerated  the  work  of  forest  destruction.  The 
early  mills  were  devoted  to  supplying  lumher  for  home  consumption,  the  first  one 
being  built  by  Henry  Eaton  at  Shortsville.  It  was  not,  however,  until  after  the 
building  of  the  plank  road  from  Tioga  to  Wellsboro,  about  1850,  that  Ivunbering 
became  an  industry  of  magnitude  and  importance.  Mills  were  erected  along 
Crooked  creek  and  its  branches,  and  hundreds  of  teams  were  employed  in  hauling 
the  lumber  down  the  Crooked  Creek  valley  to  Tioga,  when  it  was  either  rafted  down 
the  river  or  shipped  by  railroad.  It  is  estimated  that,  at  one  time,  nearly  1,000,000 
feet  of  lumber  a  week  was  shipped  out  of  Chatham  and  Middlebury  townships  in 
this  way.  In  time  the  pine  disappeared,  since  which  the  cutting  of  hemlock  for 
lumber  and  bark  has  been  carried  on,  until  it,  also,  is  nearly  exhausted. 

One  of  the  first  mills  in  the  township  was  erected  on  Kate  Mead's  brook,  by 
Nehemiah  Beach,  about  1838.  In  1847  he  moved  about  a  mile  west  of  Little  Marsh, 
on  Crooked  creek,  and  erected  a  saw-mill,  having  as  a  partner  MaJ.  Seth  Daggett. 
A  grist-mill  was  also  erected  and  the  water  power  derived  from  a  reservoir  formed 
by  damming  the  outlet  to  Little  Marsh.  Considerable  malaria  prevailed  about  this 
time  and  those  living  near  attributed  it  to  the  dam.  An  order  of  court  was  secured 
compelling  Mr.  Beach  to  remove  it.  He  claimed  the  decree  was  unjust  and  arbitrary 
and  would  cause  him  great  financial  loss,  and  refused  to  obey  it.  Malarial  fevers 
still  prevailing,  the  people  took  the  matter  in  hand  and  destroyed  the  dam,  as  well 
as  the  value  of  the  mills.  In  1873  steam  power  was  put  in,  and  in  1877  a  store  estab- 
lished in  connection  with  the  mills.  These  properties  are  now  owned  and  operated 
by  Mr.  Beach's  son,  Simeon  P.  Beach.  The  upper  story  of  the  store  building  is 
used  as  a  lodge  hall  by  the  Knights  of  Honor  and  the  Grange.  These  mills  are 
the  only  ones  now  in  operation  in  the  township. 

SCHOOLS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  first  school  in  the  township  was  held  in  a  log  house,  erected  in  1831  for 
a  dwelling  by  Reuben  Cloos.  This  school  was  taught  in  1831  by  a  man  named 
Hovey.  Other  schools  were  established  as  the  number  of  settlers  increased.  Soon 
after  the  enactment  of  the  public  school  law  in  1835,  the  township  was  divided  into 
school  districts.  In  1878,  when  the  northern  part  of  the  township  was  attached 
to  Deerfield  township,  it  lost  four  out  of  sixteen  school  districts.  '  The  remaining 
districts  conform  in  their  configuration  to  the  variations  of  the  surface,  and  are 
so  shaped  as  to  obviate,  as  much  as  possible,  excessive  hill  climbing  on  the  part  of 
the  pupils.  They  generally  run  with  the  valleys  of  the  streams.  The  school  houses 
are  good,  substantial  frame  buildings,  well  supplied  with  modem  furniture,  and 
good  teachers  are  employed  during  the  summer  and  winter  terms.  Among  the  early 
teachers  in  the  township  were  Stephen  Wade,  Stephen  Martin,  Miss  Susie  Gibson, 
Daniel  Van  Dusen,  Mary  Van  Dusen,  Polly  Cloos,  Esther  Avery,  James  Leach  and 
Augustus  Andrews. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  of  this  town- 
ship: Allen  Frazer,  commissioned  in  1830;  Eeuben  Cloos,  1840;  Burdick  Hill, 
1840;  William  Boardman,  1845;  Ben.  Van  Dusen,  1845;  William  A.  Falkner, 
1848;   Samuel  Strawn,  1850;   Ben.  Van  Dusen,  1850;   Prince  P.  Howland,  1851; 


CHATHAM    TOWNSHIP.  ^Q^ 


Abel  M.  Harris,  1853;  F.  W.  Stark,  1855;  Albert  Clark,  1856;  Eeuben  Morse,  1857; 
re-elected,  1862,  1867,  1873,  1877;  F.  W.  Stark,  1860;  A.  A.  De  Grote,  1864;  K 
E.  Hastings,  1865;  Austin  D.  Riee,  1869;  re-elected,  1882,  1890;  Amasa  Clark, 
1879;  Samuel  W.  Love,  1885;  John  A.  Hornsby,  1886;  re-elected,  1891;  Alexander 
Wass,  1894;  John  W.  French,  1895. 

CHUECHES    AND    CEMETEEIBS. 

The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Chatham  Valley  was  organized  in  1846  with 
fifteen  members.  The  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  church  are  Charles 
Fooles,  A.  D.  Pope,  W.  S.  Smith,A.  G.  Downey  and  IST.  J.  Shirey.  The  church  is 
without  a  regular  pastor  at  present.  In  1896  a  neat  church  building,  costing  $1,200, 
was  erected  at  Chatham  Valley. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Chatham,  at  Little  Marsh,  was  organ- 
ized about  1855.  It  is  difficult  to  ascertain  the  exact  year.  It  appears,  however, 
that  about  this  time  a  class  was  organized  at  the  Boardman  school  house  by  Rev. 
Alfred  G.  Terry.  In  1855,  also,  the  existence  of  a  church  was  recognized  by  the 
conference  assigning  Eev.  James  Duncan  to  Chatham.  The  accessible  records, 
however,  do  not  give  a  list  of  the  pastors  back  of  1868,  when  Rev.  0.  P.  Livingston 
took  charge,  remaining  until  1871.  His  successors  have  been  Revs.  Elisha  Hudson, 
1871-72;  Mr.  Hinman,  1872-73;  A.  D.  Ensign,  1873-75;  0.  P.  Livingston,  1875-77; 
WoodrufE  Post,  1877-78;  J.  H.  Perry,  1878-79;  W.  Beach,  1879-81;  J.  W.  Miller, 
1881-84;  J.  C.  Stevens,  1884-86;  W.  S.  Dubois,  1886-87;  A.  P.  Cole,  1887-92;  C. 
R.  Morrow,  1892-95,  and  H.  R.  Wagner,  who  came  in  November,  1895.  The  church 
was  duly  incorporated  September  10,  1870.  The  trustees  of  incorporation  were 
Sidney  Beach,  Leonard  Clark,  John  Mead,  Alexander  Wass  and  Lockwood  Smith, 
and  also  included,  but  not  as  incorporators,  Abel  Close,  A.  D.  Rice,  Robert  Hill  and 
A.  H.  Roberts.  A  church  building  was  erected  in  the  spring  of  1872,  at  a  cost  of 
$3,500.     The  church  now  numbers  108  members. 

The  Second  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  otherwise  known  as  the  "Owlett 
Church,"  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  neax  the  Middlebury 
township  Hne,  and  was  established  about  thirty-five  years  ago.  In  1882  a  church 
building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,200.  The  same  pastors  have  served  this  church 
and  the  church  at  Little  Marsh,  and  the  list  given  in  its  history  answers  for  both. 
The  church  now  has  a  membership  of  about  fifty.  The  Sunday-school  was  regularly 
maintained  until  recently,  when,  owing  to  irregular  attendance,  it  was  temporarily 
discontinued.     The  society  was  incorporated  April  3,  1882. 

The  First  Chatham  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  August  38,  1872,  the 
incorporators  being  Reuben  Morse,  Reuben  Cloos,  Lon  Avery,  Amasa  Clark,  Jr., 
Philip  T.  Cloos  and  Alanson  Clark.  The  cemetery  controlled  by  this  association 
is  known  as  the  old  Cloos  burying  ground,  where  a  number  of  early  pioneers  lie 
buried. 

The  Lee  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  December  22,  1886,  the  officers 
and  incorporators  being  Daniel  H.  Lee,  president;  Sylvester  Treat,  secretary;  John 
Owlett,  treasurer.  The  cemetery,  which  was  established  about  fifty  years  ago,  is 
located  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  near  East  Chatham  postoffice.  The 
remains  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  neighborhood  axe  interred  here. 


462  HISXOBT    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

The  Robert  Hill  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  December  29,  1894,  the 
incorporators  being  A.  M.  Eoberts,  A.  Spencer,  H.  C.  "Warmsley,  W.  H.  Thompson, 
Gurden  Reed,  G.  D.  Beach  and  C.  E.  Beach.  This  cemetery  is  situated  between 
Little  Marsh  and  Beach's  Mills  and  has  been  used  as  a  place  of  burial  for  nearly 
half  a  century. 

The  Boardman  Cemetery,  near  the  old  Boardman  school  house,  in  the  western 
part  of  the  township,  is  an  old  burying  ground.  There  is  also  a  small  cemetery 
near  the  Swing  Gate  school  house,  and  also  one  at  Shortsville. 

SOCIETIES. 

Chatham  is  fairly  well  supplied  with  societies,  embracing  the  following  organi- 
zations: Little  Marsh  Lodge,  Ifo.  2263,  K.  of  H.,  was  chartered  August  27,  1880. 
It  meets  in  a  hall  over  the  store  of  S.  P.  Beach,  at  Beach's  Mills,  and  embraces  about 
twenty-five  members.  Alfred  Toles  Post,  No.  320,  G.  A.  E.,  contains  fifty  mem- 
bers. It  was  organized  April  21,  1883,  and  has  a  hall  at  Little  Marsh.  Alfred 
Toles  Corps,  No.  28,  W.  R.  C,  meets  at  the  same  place.  It  was  organized  September 
4,  1889,  and  has  a  membership  of  nearly  forty.  Both  the  post  and  corps  are  pros- 
perous and  help  to  keep  alive  a  patriotic  spirit  in  the  township.  Little  Marsh  Tent, 
No.  179,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  May  31,  1893,  and  meets  at  the  lodge  room  in 
Little  Marsh.  Excelsior  Grange,  No.  1136,  P.  of  H.,  which  meets  at  the  hall  over 
Beach's  store,  was  organized  May  16,  1895.     It  has  a  membership  of  twenty-six. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOFEICES. 

Little  Marsh,  so  named  from  a  small  marsh  about  two  miles  northwest,  up  the 
Crooked  Creek  valley,  is  situated  north  and  east  of  the  geographical  center  of  the 
township.  The  first  settlers  upon  its  site  were  Rensselaer  Toles  and  Robert  Hill. 
Toles  settled  below  and  Hill  above  the  creek  bridge  within  the  village.  They  both 
located  in  the  early  thirties.  In  1837  Nehemiah  Beach  removed  from  Knoxville, 
and  engaged  in  limibering  here,  remaining  until  1847.  The  first  store  was  opened 
here  about  1855  by  T.  P.  W.  Stark,  on  the  site  of  the  present  hotel  building.  Alvin 
H.  Rice  was  also  an  early  merchant,  as  were  also  Kelley  &  Smith,  Seymour  Guild 
and  Abner  Humphrey.  There  are  now  two  stores  in  the  place;  one  is  carried  on 
by  Cooper  &  Carpenter  and  the  other  by  E.  S.  Davis  &  Sons.  In  the  second  story 
of  the  Cooper  &  Carpenter  building  is  the  lodge  hall  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  the  Woman's  Relief  Corps  and  the  Knights  of  the  Maccabees.  The  first 
hotel  in  the  village  was  built  in  1878,  by  Erastus  Rice — a  son  of  Alvin  H.  Rice— 
who  still  keeps  it.  In  1889  Alexander  Wass  built  a  cheese  factory,  which  he  still 
operates.  A  wagon  shop  is  carried  on  by  C.  "W.  Ordiway  and  a  blacksmith  shop  by 
Charles  Heath. 

Dr.  Harvey  Leach,  who  settled  in  the  township  in  1837,  was  the  first  physician 
to  practice  here.  His  successors  have  been  Dr.  S.  P.  Kenyon,  Dr.  Simmons,  Dr. 
Street,  Dr.  John  Feltwell  and  Dr.  B.  J.  Fulkerson,  who  remained  about  fifteen  years. 
The  profession  is  represented  at  present  by  Dr.  Inman  H.  White,  who  came  in  the 
fall  of  1895. 

A  postofiice  was  established  in  the  township  previous  to  1840,  at  the  residence 


CLYMEK    TOWNSHIP.  463 


of  Eedding  Macumber,  who  was  the  first  postmaster  and  held  the  office  a  number 
of  years.  Amasa  Clark  was  the  postmaster  during  the  war  and  was  succeeded  by 
Edward  Miller,  who  held  the  office  one  year.  In  the  fall  of  1868  the  office  was 
established  at  Little  Marsh,  with  John  Mowrey,  postmaster,  who  held  it  until  1876. 
His  successors  have  been  E.  W.  Toles,  A.  D.  Rice,  A.  M.  Roberts  and  A.  D.  Rice, 
who  was  appointed  a  second  time  in  the  fall  of  1893.  The  village  contains  a  good 
graded  school.  The  population  of  the  place  numbers  about  150,  nearly  all  of  whom 
are  interested  in  agriculture. 

Chatham  Valley  Postofflce,  or  Shortsville,  is  in  the  Crooked  Creek  valley,  near  the 
eastern  boundary  line  of  the  township.  A  postoffice  was  established  here  about 
1840.  Henry  Caton  was  the  first  postmaster.  The  office  was  located  in  his  dwell- 
ing, a  custom  continued  by  his  successors,  among  whom  were  William  Spaulding, 
Samuel  Cady,  James  Wiley,  John  W.  Erench,  B.  W.  Suffem,  Redding  Macumber 
and  Russell  Brigden.  Mr.  Brigden  permitted  the  office  to  lapse.  A  new  office  was 
established  February  6,  1883,  and  David  H.  Curtis,  who  still  fills  the  position, 
appointed  postmaster.  He  has  the  office  in  his  dwelling,  in  which  it  was  located 
in  1852,  when  his  father-in-law,  William  Spaulding,  was  postmaster.  There  ;is  one 
store,  that  of  HoUister  Leach,  and  two  blacksmith  shops,  carried  on  by  Joe  Borden 
and  David  Short,  in  Chatham  Valley. 

East  Chatham  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  established  July  11,  1870,  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  the  township,  at  the  residence  of  R.  G.  Treat,  who  still  holds 
the  office  of  postmaster,  and  serves  for  the  accommodation  of  his  neighborhood 
rather  than  for  any  honors  or  emoluments  attached  to  the  place. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

CLYMER  TOWN"SHIP. 

Organization— Oeigin  of  Name— William  B.  Clymer— His  Generous  Treat- 
ment OF  Settlers — Physical  Features  op  Tovfnship— Forest  Growth — 
Streams — Area — Early  Settlers- Early  Industries — Schools  and  Ju  stices 
— Churches  and  Cemeteries — Societies— Villages  and  Postopfices. 


CLYMER  township,  originally  named  Middletown,  was  formed  from  portions, 
of  Westfield  and  Gaines  townships  in  December,  1850,  and  was  named  in 
honor  of  William  B.  Clymer,  a  grandson  of  George  Clymer,  a  distinguished  Penn- 
sylvanian  and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Mr.  Clymer 
was  the  agent  of  the  Bingham  estate,  to  which,  before  its  settlement,  nearly  all  the 
land  in  the  township  belonged.     Land  was  sold  at  $1.35  per  acre,  and  Mr.  Clymer 


464  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

did  much  to  encourage  settlers  to  locate  in  the  township,  and  many  stories  are  told 
of  his  generosity  toward  those  who,  through  failure  of  crops,  sickness  or  other 
causes,  not  due  to  their  own  shiftlessness  or  lack  of  industry,  were  unable  to  meet 
their  payments.  In  many  instances  he  extended  them  time,  loaned  them  money, 
refusing  interest  therefor,  and  did  his  best  to  put  heart  into  them  and  encourage 
them  to  remain  on  their  clearings  and  make  their  permanent  home  in  the  township. 
Many  of  the  old  settlers,  who  afterwards  became  prosperous  and  well-to-do  farmers, 
freely  admitted  that,  had  it  not  been  for  his  generous  aid  and  encouragement,  they 
would  have  been  compelled  to  abandon  their  clearings  and  begin  anew  elsewhere. 

The  general  elevation  of  this  township  is  about  1,600  feet  above  the  sea  level. 
It  forms  a  part  of  the  watershed  of  northern  Pennsylvania,  the  streams  in  the 
northern  half  flowing  north  into  the  Cowanesque  river,  and  those  in  the  southern 
part  flowing  south  into  Pine  creek,  a  tributary  of  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna river.  The  surface  of  the  land  is  rolling  and  hilly,  but  not  enough  so  to 
interfere  with  cultivation,  except  to  a  very  limited  extent.  The  township  is  there- 
fore a  good  agricultural"  township,  and  abounds  in  well-tilled  and  productive  farms. 
Unlike  most  of  the  other  townships  of  the  county,  the  timber  growth  at  the  time  of 
its  settlement  was  mostly  hard  wood,  principally  maple  and  beech,  with  a  liberal 
admixture  of  hickory,  cherry  and  hemlock.  The  lands  were  not,  therefore,  pur- 
chased, in  the  first  instance,  with  a  view  to  lumbering,  but  to  cultivation. 

The  streams  of  the  township  are  Potter  brook,  which  rises  in  the  northwestern 
part,  and  flows  north  into  Westfield  township,  uniting  with  the  Cowanesque  river 
at  the  village  of  Potter  Brook;  Crance  brook,  which  rises  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  township  and  flows  north  into  "Westfield  township;  Mill  creek  and  its  branches, 
which  drain  the  central  part  of  the  township,  flow  north  into  Westfleld  township 
and  unite  with  the  Cowanesque  at  Westfleld  borough;  Jemison  creek,  which  has 
its  source  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township  and  flows  north  into  Westfield 
township,  emptying  into  the  Cowanesque  at  Phillips  Station;  and  Long  run  and 
its  branches,  which  drain  the  southwestern  quarter  of  the  township,  and  flow  south 
into  Gaines  township  and  unite  with  Pine  creek. 

The  township  is  nearly  square,  being  seven  miles  from  east  to  west  by  about 
five  and  one-third  miles  from  north  to  south,  the  superficial  area  being  about  thirty- 
seven  square  miles. 

EAHLY    SETTLERS. 

James  Mix,  who  located  at  what  is  still  known  as  Mixtown  in  1818,  is  reputed 
to  have  been  the  first  settler  in  the  township.  In  1820  Simon  Eixford,  a  Eevolu- 
tionary  soldier,  and  a  pioneer  settler  at  Knoxville,  purchased  the  Mix  property. 
He  was  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  his  stepson,  George  0.  Bristol.  The  latter 
assisted  him  in  clearing  his  land  and  later  purchased  a  tract  for  himself  from  Mr. 
Eixford's  son  David.  At  this  time  the  entire  township  was  a  wilderness,  the  nearest 
neighbor  being  Stephen  Potter,  at  the  mouth  of  Potter  brook,  in  Westfield  town- 
ship. In  1833  Eufus  Scott,  a  son  of  Luke  Scott,  a  pioneer  settler  at  Knoxville, 
located  west  of  Eixford  on  the  place  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son,  Eli  D. 
Scott.     George  Briggs,  another  early  settler,  came  about  1833,  and  settled  east  of 


CLTMEE    TOWNSHIP.  455 


Mixtown.     Christopher  Sehoonover    also    settled    about    1833    in    the   Mixtown 
neighborhood. 

Silas  S.  Griffin,  a  native  of  Madison  county,  New  York,  settled,  in  1833,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  township,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Charles  L.  Bruce,  who 
married  his  widow.  Peter  Eushmore,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  a  tanner  and 
currier,  settled  in  Enoxville  in  1820  and  in  1835  removed  to  and  cleared  and  im- 
proved the  farm  now  occupied  by  Wilbur  Churchill,  passing  his  life  there.  In  1836 
Lyman  Hancock,  a  native  of  Madison  county.  New  York,  settled  near  Sabinsville, 
where  he  resided  until  1868,  when  he  removed  to  Westfleld.  In  the  same  year  Isaac 
Beach  located  in  the  Mixtown  neighborhood  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son, 
Burdett  Beach.  Charles  P.  Douglas,  also  a  native  of  Madison  county.  New  York, 
located  in  February,  1837,  near  Sabinsville.  In  1837,  also,  Orrin  Stebbins  settled 
in  the  Sabinsville  neighborhood.  Alonzo  Giles  Sabin,  a  native  of  Lebanon,  New 
York,  settled. in  1838,  on  the  farm  southwest  of  Sabinsville  now  occupied  by  his 
widow  and  his  son,  Luman  E.  Sabins.  The  village  of  Sabinsville  was  named  in  his 
honor.  In  1840  Freeman  Wilcox,  a  native  of  New  York,  settled  on  and  improved 
the  farm  west  of  Sabinsville  now  occupied  by  his  son,  William  W.  Dixon  South- 
worth  settled  in  1843,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  his  son  Charles.  He  died  in  February,  1893,  aged  eighty-nine  years. 
Erastus  G.  Hill  located  in  the  township  in  1844,  and  afterwards  removed  to  West- 
field  and  built  the  Hill  House.  In  1845  Thomas  Barber  settled  in  the  Mixtown 
neighborhood.  Aaron  Yale,  one  of  the  oldest  living  settlers  of  the  township,  located 
in  1845  a  short  distance  southeast  of  Sabinsville.  In  1847  Thomas  Eldridge,  a 
native  of  Vermont,  settled  on  the  farm  southeast  of  Sabinsville  now  owned  by  his 
son,  John  Eldridge.  In  this  year,  also,  Eeese  I.,  Eeuben  and  Hiram  Eeynolds 
settled  on  Jemison  creek. 

In  1848  Sylvester  Davey,  a  native  of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  settled  south 
of  Sabinsville,  in  what  was  then  Gaines  township.  In  the  same  year  Eoswell  Ackley 
settled  in  the  Ackley  school  district,  northeast  of  Sabinsville.  His  son,  C.  C.  Ackley, 
now  occupies  the  old  homestead.  E.  G.  Smith  settled  between  Sabinsville 
and  Mixtown  in  1849,  in  which  year  John  Sawyer  came  into  the  township. 
In  1849,  also,  Dennis  D.  Eoberts,  a  native  of  Herkimer  county.  New  York, 
settled  near  Sabinsville,  and  divided  his  time  between  farming  and  his  trade.  Be- 
sides those  mentioned,  the  following  were  early  settlers  in  the  township:  John  King, 
Blihu  Matteson,  Willard  Potter,  Archibald  Campbell,  Samuel  Swimelar,  Orson 
Pemberton,  Nathaniel  Owen,  Watson  Trowbridge,  who  settled  about  1839  or  1840; 
Nathaniel  Skinner,  William  Larrison,  Samuel  Niver,  C.  E.  Skinner,  Caleb  Trow- 
bridge, Peter  Lovell  and  John  Lovell,  all  of  whom  settled  in  and  around  Mixtown. 
Among  the  early  settlers  on  Long  run  were  George  Harvey,  Jared  Davis,  who  located 
on  the  site  of  Davis  Station;  Calvin  Newton,  Moses  Newton  and  William  E.  Burdic. 
Among  those  who  settled  in  and  around  Sabinsville  were  Thomas  Strait,  Zachariah 
Heminger,  William  Eogers,  Eoswell  Eogers,^  Demarquis  Thompson,  Frederick 
Swimelar,  William  Ladd,  Level  Short,  Cyrus  Paddock  and  George,  William  and 
Charles  Labar. 
30 


466  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

EAKLY    INDUSTRIES. 

Before  the  forests  were  cleared  away  and  the  township  reduced  to  its  present 
high  state  of  cultivation,  nearly  every  settler  had  a  "sugar  bush,"  of  from  one  to 
several  hundred  sugar  maple  trees  upon  his  place,  and  the  approach  of  spring  was 
heralded  by  the  lighting  of  the  fires  in  hundreds  of  "sugar  camps,"  and  the  manu- 
facture, during  the  sap-running  season,  of  large  quantities  of  maple  sugar,  which 
was  hauled  overland  to  the  Cowanesque  river  and  to  Pine  creek,  and  shipped  on  rafts 
down  those  streams,  finding  a  ready  market  in  Painted  Post,  Coming,  Elmira,Towanda, 
Williamsport,  Harrisburg  and  Philadelphia.  The  sugar  camp  was  not  only  a  scene 
of  industry  but  of  merry  making,  of  which  the  young  people  took  the  fullest  and 
freest  advantage,  and  many  a  gray-haired  sire  and  matron  loves  now  to  recall  the 
frolics  and  dances  that  accompanied  this  pleasant  and  well-nigh  departed  occupation 
of  each  returning  springtime. 

Though  not  the  leading  industry,  lumbering  was  carried  on  to  a  considerable 
extent,  and  mills  for  the  purpose  of  home  supply  were  erected  on  Mill  creek  and  its 
branches,  the  lumber  manufactured  being  used  in  the  erection  of  houses  and  barns, 
though  most  of  the  settlers  contented  themselves  for  years  with  the  log  cabin,  the 
typical  home  of  the  pioneer.  In  time  these  were  replaced  with  neat  frame  resi- 
dences fit  to  domicile  an  industrious  and  thrifty  people.  ' 

SCHOOLS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  township  was  built  in  1836  at  Mixtown.  In  183^ 
a  school  building  was  erected  at  Sabinsville,  and  as  the  township  became  settled 
new  school  districts  were  created,  and  proper  attention  paid  to  the  education  of  the 
young.  The  school  at  Sabinsville  is  now  a  graded  school,  in  which  two  teachers 
are  employed.  Among  the  early  teachers  in  this  school  were  Alonzo  G.  Sabin, 
Ambrose  Close,  Martin  Purple,  Alma  Davey  and  Ann  Benn.  Other  early  teachers 
in  the  township  were  Hiram  K.  Hill,  Horace  P.  Hill,  Sarah  Whittaker,  E.  0.  Austin, 
J.  B.  Seely  and  Alveron  Pritehard.  Good  school  houses  have  been  erected  for  the 
accommodation  and  comfort  of  the  pupils  and  good  teachers  are  yearly  employed 
for  instructing  them  in  the  courses  of  study  adopted. 

The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  by  the  following  named  persons: 
W.  A.  Douglas,  1851;  re-elected,  1858,  1863;  James  Pritehard,  1853;  Daniel 
Holmes,  1861;  V.  E.  Gee,  1868;  re-elected,  1873,  1878;  Ira  S.  Stocum,  1873;  re- 
elected, 1878,  1883,  1888,  1893;  J.  L.  Thompson,  1882;  re-elected,  1887,  1896; 
Alfred  King,  1892;  John  Davis,  1893. 

CHUECHES    AND    CEMETEEIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Glymer  was  organized  about  1853,  and  a 
house  of  worship  erected  in  1856  at  a  cost  of  $1,100.  It  was  dedicated  December 
17,  1859.  A  new  church  edifice  was  erected  in  1888,  and  dedicated  December  18, 
of  that  year.  This  was  destroyed  by  fire  December  9,  1893.  This  church  being  in 
the  Westfield  charge,  the  same  pastors  have  served  both  societies.  Since  the 
burning  of  the  church  building,  however,  the  organization  has  lapsed.  Some  of 
its  members  have  united  with  other  churches,  while  others  attend  the  church  in 
Westfield. 


CLTMEK    TOWNSHIP.  467 


Glymer  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  March,  1869,  in  the  Methodist  church 
in  the  Aekley  school  district,  about  a  mile  east  of  Sabinsville,  by  Eev.  William 
Owens,  evangelist.  Among  the  early  members  were  0.  B.  Colony,  Barton  Morse  and 
wife,  Mrs.  Martha  Eeynolds,  Mrs.  Estoria  Frasier,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Aekley,  Noah  Weeks 
and  wife,  Asa  Gile  and  wife  and  Mrs.  Betsey  Davis.  In  1871  the  congregation  began 
the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  in  Sabinsville.  It  was  completed  and  dedicated 
in  1877.  It  is  a  neat  frame  edifice  and  cost  $3,000.  The  first  deacons  of  this  church 
were  0.  B.  Colony,  Willard  Brown  and  L.  H.  Knapp.  The  following  named  minis- 
ters have  served  this  church  as  pastors:  Eevs.  Orson  Schoonover,  Martin  Seagers, 
Mr.  Todd,  Charles  Diffin,  P.  T.  Eeynolds,  S.  L.  Bouvier,  J.  MuUany,  A.  W.  Mettler 
and  S.  A.  Fields.  The  church  now  numbers  forty-eight  members.  There  are  sixty 
pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Mrs.  E.  J.  Eeynolds  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Sabinsville  was  organized  in  June,  1895,  with 
the  following  members:  Mrs.  Minnie  Aekley,  Mrs.  Nellie  Nichols,  Mary  Vanloy, 
S.  French,  Frank  Gill  and  wife,  Daniel  Brown  and  William  Cole  and  wife.  This 
congregation  meets  in  the  Baptist  church.  The  pastor  is  Eev.  J.  C.  Warren,  of 
Keeneyville. 

Cemeteries. — The  Sabinsville  cemetery  is  located  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
village.  It  is  unincorporated  and  is  a  free  burial  place.  The  Aekley  cemetery  is 
situated  southeast  of  Sabinsville,  on  the  Main  road  to  Wellsboro.  The  Labar  bury- 
ing ground  is  near  the  Westfield  township  line  on  the  Mud  road.  The  West  Beech 
Woods  cemetery  is  one  and  one-half  miles  south  of  Sabinsville  on  the  farm  of 
Andrew  J.  Clark.  The  Bristol  burying  ground  is  two  miles  west  of  Sabinsville. 
In  this  graveyard  lie  the  remains  of  Simon  Eixford,  the  patriot  and  pioneer.  The 
Owen  cemetery  is  situated  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  township,  near  the  Potter 
county  line.  The  Barber  cemetery  is  at  Mixtown.  The  Larrison  and  Swimelar 
cemeteries  are  practically  family  burying  grounds.  In  each  of  these  places 
of  burial  rest  the  remains  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  immediate  neighborhood.  Some 
originally  family  graveyards  have  become  public  cemeteries,  while  others  have  been 
set  apart  for  the  private  burial  of  the  relatives  of  the  family  on  whose  land  the  first 
graves  were  opened. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  societies  of  Clymer  are  as  follows:  Sabinsville  Lodge,  No.  2300,  K.  of  H., 
was  organized  October  2,  1880,  and  has  fifteen  members.  Sabinsville  Union,  No. 
253,  E.  A.  U.,  was  organized  March  5,  1881,  and  embraces  thirty  members.  H.  C. 
Aekley  Post,  No.  469,  G.  A.  E.,  organized  January  19,  1885,  contains  a  membership 
of  thirty  old  soldiers  who  helped  to  defend  the  flag.  Sabinsville  Grange,  No.  989, 
P.  of  H.,  has  a  membership  of  sixty-five.  It  was  organized  December  15,  1890, 
and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Clymer  Tent,  No.  166,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized 
April  26, 1893,  and  has  thirty  members.  Sabinsville  Hive,  No.  95,  L.  0.  T.  M.,  was 
organized  in  1895.  Thus  the  township  is  well  supplied  with  social  and  secret  organ- 
izations, some  of  which  have  done  much  good  in  the  community. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOEEICES. 

Mixtown,  named  for  James  Mix,  who  settled  upon  the  site  in  1818,  is  situated 
in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  about  a  mile  from  the  Potter  county  line.     At 


468  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

one  time  it  gave  promise  of  being  a  place  of  some  importance  as  a  trading  point.  It 
contained  two  stores,  carried  on  by  W.  0.  Bristol  and  J.  H.  Eushmore,  but  after  tbe 
completion  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad  to  Westfield  and  Potter  Brook,  and  of  tbe 
Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad  to  Sabinsville,  trade  was  diverted  to  these  places 
and  the  stores  at  Mixtown,  discontinued  business.  A  postoffice,  established  over 
fifty  years  ago,  was  discontinued  in  October,  1894,  for  lack  of  sufficient  patronage. 
Among  those  who  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  here  were  Christopher  Schoonover. 
James  Pritchard,  W.  0.  Bristol,  J.  H.  Eushmore  and  Eli  D.  Scott.  Mr.  Scott  held 
the  office  for  seventeen  years  previous  to  its  discontinuance.  A  cheese  factory, 
erected  in  1886,  by  J.  H.  Eushmore,  and  still  owned  and  operated  by  him,  is  the 
only  manufacturing  industry  in  the  place. 

Sabinsville,  situated  in  the  Mill  Creek  valley,  on  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania 
railroad,  about  a  mile  south  of  the  north  line  of  the  township,  was  named  in  honor 
of  Alonzo  G.  Sabin.  The  first  settlers  here  were  Charles  P.  Douglas,  Orrin  Stebbins 
and  Elijah  Hancock.  A  postoffice  was  established  in  1849,  with  C.  P.  Douglas  as 
postmaster.  He  held  the  office  sixteen  years  and  was  succeeded  by  E.  H.  Stebbins, 
who  held  it  twelve  years.  His  successors  have  been  L.  J.  Stone,  G.  W.  Douglas,  who 
held  it  twelve  yeaxs,  and  C.  M.  Davis,  who  was  appointed  June  18,  1894.  The  first 
store  in  the  place  was  built  by  Butler  B.  Strang  and  stocked  with  goods  by  himself 
and  C.  P.  Douglas.  Among  the  other  early  merchants  were  D.  A.  Tooker,  William 
Simmons,  J.  L.  Thompson  and  L.  J.  Stone.  Mr.  Stone,  who  is  still  in  business,  is 
the  oldest  resident  of  the  village.  Those  engaged  in  merchandising  at  present  are 
J.  F.  Goodspeed,  F.  L.  Sears,  E.  W.  Southworth,  L.  J.  Stone,  C.  M.  Davis  and  E. 
Bevier.  Mr.  Bevier  deals  in  hardware  and  is  also  in  the  livery  business.  George 
A.  Eoberts,  the  village  blacksmith,  is  also  a  furniture  dealer  and  undertaker.  The 
first  hotel  was  kept  by  C.  P.  Douglas.  In  1865  D.  A.  Tooker  built  the  Clymer  House. 
Among  those  who  succeeded  him  as  landlords  of  this  hotel  were  G.  "W.  Schott,  Lucius 
Inscho  and  John  Eldridge.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1888,  being  at  the  time  the 
property  of  the  last  named,  who  in  the  same  year  erected  the  Hotel  Beach,  a'  com- 
modious three-story  edifice.     The  present  landlord  is  Lester  W.  Eice. 

In  1837  the  first  saw-mill  in  the  township  was  built  on  Mill  creek,  within  the 
present  village,  by  Orrin  Stebbins  and  Elijah  Hancock.  In  1873  Stebbins  and 
Eoberts  built  a  steam  saw  and  grist-mill,  which  was  burned  in  1877.  At  the  present 
time  a  fiour  and  feed  mill  is  owned  and  operated  by  E.  B.  Schott.  A  cheese  factory 
located  in  the  same  building  is  conducted  by  0.  H.  Snyder,  of  North  Fork,  Potter 
county.     A  shingle  mill  is  carried  on  by  C.  B.  Cole. 

The  first  regular  physician  in  the  township  was  Dr.  T.  M.  Haner.  Other  early 
physicians  were  Dr.  Harvey  Leach,  Dr.  Seamans,  Dr.  "W.  E.  Francis  and  Dr.  K. 
Shaw.  The  profession  is  represented  at  present  by  Dr.  T.  A.  Bair,  who  came  in 
1880,  and  Dr.  A.  M.  Greenfield,  who  located  in  1892. 

Davis  Station,  or  Lansing  Postofice,  is  the  name  of  a  railroad  station  and  post- 
office  on  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad  near  the  Gaines  township  line.  A 
store  is  kept  by  J.  M.  Davis,  who  has  been  the  postmaster  since  the  establishment 
of  the  office  in  1868! 

Azelta  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  established  June  2,  1892,  about  three  miles 


SHIPPEN    TOWNSHIP.  469 


southeast  of  Sabinsville.     Wilmot  H.  Abbey  has  been  postmaster  since  the  opening 
of  the  office  and  also  keeps  a  small  store. 

Clymer  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  recently  established  west  of  Mixtown,  near 
the  Potter  county  line.  '  The  postmaster  is  Venette  Johnson.  This  office  takes  the 
place  of  the  Mixtown  office,  discontinued  in  October,  1894. 


CHAPTEE  XXXyil. 

SHIPPEN  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Present  Boundaries  and  Area— Streams— Physical  Features 
—Population— Early  Settlers— King  and  Manning's  Explorations— Big 
Meadows— The  Furmans— Assessment  of  1824— Division  of  Township— Set- 
tlers on  Marsh  Creek— Early  Mills— Schools  and  Justices— Churches  and 
Cemeteries — Villages  . 


SHIPPEN  township,  taken  from  Delmar,  was  organized  in  February,  1833.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Clymer  and  Chatham  townships;  on  the  east  by  Delmar; 
on  the  south  by  Delmar  and  Elk,  and  on  the  west  by  Gaines  and  Clymer  townships. 
Gaines  was  taken  from  it  in  1837.  As  at  present  constituted, thetownshipisaboutfive 
miles  from  east  to  west  by  nine  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  contains  about  forty- 
five  square  miles.  The  principal  streams  are  Pine  creek  and  Marsh  creek.  The 
former  enters  the  township  midway  of  its  western  boundary,  flows  in  an  easterly  direc- 
tion, for  three  and  a  half  miles,  when  it  receives  the  water  of  Marsh  creek,  and  then 
turns  southwest  and  enters  Elk  township  near  its  northeast  corner.  Marsh  creek, 
the  principal  tributary  of  Pine  creek,  enters  the  township  at  the  village  of  Marsh 
Creek,  flowing  out  of  Delmar  township.  It  pursues  a  southwest  direction  for  a  dis- 
tance of  nearly  three  miles  through  a  level  marshy  valley  to  the  village  of  Ansonia, 
where  it  joins  its  waters  with  those  of  Pine  creek.  There  is  evidence  to  support  the 
idea,  entertained  by  those  famiUar  with  the  physical  chaxacteristics  of  the  valleys  of 
these  streams,  within  the  township,  that  Pine  creek  once  flowed  northeast  over  the 
Marsh  creek  course  and  emptied  into  Crooked  creek  at  Middlebury  Center.  What 
causes  contributed  to  turn  it  southward  from  Ansonia  can  only  be  conjectured.  After 
entering  the  township.  Marsh  creek  receives  the  waters  of  Strait  run  and  Asaph  run, 
both  of  which  flow  from  the  north.  At  the  Gaines  township  line  Pine  creek  receives 
Painter  run,  flowing  from  the  southwest,  and  below  Ansonia  receives  Darling  run, 
which  flows  from  the  east.  The  township  is  nearly  equally  divided  by  Marsh  creek 
and  that  part  of  Pine  creek  west  of  Ansonia.    The  farming  lands  of  the  township 


470  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

lie  in  the  valleys  of  these  streams  and  their  tributaries,  except  a  limited  upland 
area  in  the  southeast  corner.  The  remainder  of  the  township  is  mountainous,  and 
■was  originally  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  pine  and  hemlock.  This,  save  a 
limited  area  in  the  northern  and  southern  parts,  has  all  been  converted  into  lumber, 
lumbering  operations  at  one  time  being  carried  on  on  an  extensive  scale. 

In  1840,  after  the  taking  from  it  of  Gaines  township,  Shippen  contained  193 
inhabitants.    In  1870  the  census  returns  showed  270;  in  1880,  441,  and  in  1890,  733. 

EAELY    SETTLEHS. 

In  a  work  entitled,  "Pioneer  Life,  or  Thirty  Years  a  Hunter,"  by  Philip  Tomb, 
a  son  of  Jacob  Tomb,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Lycoming  county,  is  found  the  statement 
that,  "in  1794  James  King  and  a  Mr.  Manning  went  on  an  exploring  expedition  up 
Pine  creek,  to  ascertain  if  any  elk  were  to  be  found,  and  also  if  any  Indians  were  in 
the  neighborhood."  They  ascended  that  stream  in  a  canoe  and  about  the  seventh  or 
eighth  day  after  starting,  "arrived  at  the  third  fork  of  Pine  creek.  On  the  west  side, 
opposite  the  fork,  they  discovered  a  large  tract  of  cleared  land,  consisting  of  as  many 
as  a  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  the  Big  Meadows.  They 
were  the  first  white  men  there.  It  had  been  cleared  by  the  Six  Nations,  and  they 
thought  had  probably  been  vacated  for  twenty  or  thirty  years,  but  they  could  still 
discover  marks  of  corn  hills.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek,  near  the  fork,  they 
found  a  plum  orchard  of  twenty  acres,  abounding  with  fruit.  Between  the 
plum  orchard  and  the  creek  was  a  tract  of  cleared  land  of  about  thirty  acres 
which  appeared  to  have  once  been  a  corn  field.  In  this  vicinity  they  found  a  great 
many  elk  and  bears  *****  -n^gy  then  ascended  the  fork  seven 
miles,  when  they  arrived  at  a  place  which  they  called  Big  Marsh."  He  says  they  next 
returned  to  Big  Meadows,  where  they  left  their  canoe,  and  proceeded  on  foot  twelve 
miles  up  Pine  creek. 

The  "Big  Meadows"  referred  to  in  the  foregoing,  is  now  known  as  "Ansonia" 
and  the  "Third  fork"  as  Marsh  creek.  It  thus  appears  that  King  and  Manniag,  the 
two  men  who  made  this  exploring  expedition,  were  "the  first  white  men  that  ever 
penetrated  the  wilderness  lying  on  Pine  creek  and  its  tributaries,"  and  were  also  the 
first  white  men  to  appear  within  the  boundaries  of  what  is  now  Shippen  township. 

Ten  years  later — in  1804 — a  party  of  hunters — one  of  whom  was  William  Fur- 
man — ^found  their  way  up  Pine  Creek  valley,  above  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek.  So 
pleased  was  William  Purman  with  the  country  and  the  abundance  of  game,  that  upon 
his  return  to  his  home  at  Sunbury,  jS"orthumberlaiid  county,  Pennsylvania,  he  per- 
suaded his  brothers,  Aaron  and  Josiah,  to  join  him  in  making  a  settlement.  This  they 
did  in  the  spring  of  1805.  William  and  Aaron  settled  at  Purmantown,  in  Gaines 
township,  and  Josiah  located  at  Big  Meadows,  or  Ansonia,  as  it  is  now  called,  thus 
becoming  the  first  settler  in  Shippen  township.  Benjamin,  another  brother,  came 
later  and  settled  at  Purmantown.  A  man  named  Mills,  whose  daughter  Josiah  Fur- 
man  married,  appears  to  have  been  the  next  settler  at  Ansonia.  Then  came  Eobert 
Steele,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  Mills  and  Steele  both  settled  at  Big  Meadows. 
Elijah  Dimmick  came  into  the  township  early  in  the  present  century— before  1830— 
and  settled  on  the  J.  C.  Hamilton  place.  Eichard  Ellis  also  settled  before  1830. 
In  1824  when  the  first  assessment  of  the  township  was  made,  there  were  living 


SHIPPBIT    TOWNSHIP.  ^y-j^ 


m  hm  Its  present  bomdaries,  Elijah  Dimmick,  Paul  Dimmick,  Eichard  Ellis,  John 
Mlsworth,  Asaph  Ellis,  David  Ellis,  Consider  Ellis,  Eichard  Ellis,  Jr,  John  Ellis, 
Eobert  Francis,  Josiah  Fnrman,  Eeuben  Herrington,  George  Hnyler,  Levi  Murdock, 
Morns  Miller,  Eichard  Phillips,  Eobert  Steele,  John  Steele,  Jame.  Steele,  Ephraim 
Steele  and  Frederick  Tanner. 

In  December,  1837,  the  township  was  divided,  the  western  half  being  erected 
mto  a  new  township  called  Gaines.  The  next  assessment  made  in  1838  showed  sixty- 
three  taxables  within  the  township  as  now  constituted.  The  settled  portion  of  the 
township  embraced  the  valley  of  Pine  creek,  west  of  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek.  That 
portion  of  the  valley  of  this  latter  stream  in  the  township  settled  slowly  owing  to  its 
marshy  character.  As  late  as  1864  there  were  but  seven  families  in  its  valley  between 
Ansonia  and  the  Delmar  township  line.  There  were,  beginning  at  the  west,  Kelson 
Swope,  William  Dimmick,  a  Mr.  PoUison,  Andrew  Lovejoy,  a  Mr.  Willoughby,  a  Mr. 
Hiltbold  and  Charles  Grinnell. 

EAHLT  MILLS. 

The  first  saw-mill  in  the  township  was  erected  on  Pine  creek,  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  above  Ansonia,  by  Eichard  Ellis.     It  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1816,  as 
does  also  a  grist-mill  erected  by  Asaph  Ellis,  to  whom  in  1818  the  saw-mill  was  also 
assessed.    These  mills  were  owned  jointly  in  1823  by  Eichard  Ellis,  Sr.,  and  Asaph, 
David,  John  and  Eichard  Ellis,  Jr.     In  1826  Eeuben  Herrington  erected  a  saw- 
mill in  the  same  neighborhood.    Eichard  Phillips  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Pine  creek 
about  1827.     About  1833  he  and  Samuel  Phillips  established  a  carding  machine  in 
connection  with  the  mill.    In  1839  Leonard  Pfoutz  erected  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill 
on  Pine  creek  at  Manchester,  below  Ansonia.     In  1831  Daily  &  Beecher  bought  out 
Herrington.    In  this  year  also  John  Mathers  erected  a  saw-mill  near  the  Gaines 
township  line  oh  Pine  creek.     Leonard  Pfoutz  sold  his  mills  to  Stowell  &  Dickinson, 
who,  in  1833,  were  operating  two  saw-mills.     In  1834  they  were  operating  four  saw- 
mills and  a  grist-miU.     In  1838  the  firm  of  Mathers  &  Seoville  was  formed,  and  in 
1839  Stowell  &  Dickinson  became  Stowell  &  Company.    In  1841  the  firm  of  Mathers 
&  Seoville  was  changed  to  John  Mathers  &  Company,  which  in  1845  was  succeeded  by 
Jesse  Locke.     In  this  year  White  &  Maynard  erected  a  gang  saw-mill.     The  Locke 
mills  appear  to  have  passed  into  the  possession  of  Bache,  Eoss  &  Company,  who  sold 
them  to  Smith,  Wisner  &  Company  in  1854.     In  1850  the  Stowell  &  Company  mills 
were  transferred  to  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company,  afterwards  known  as  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Joint  Land  and  Lumber  Company,  who  during  the  next  twenty  years  carried 
on  operations  on  an  extensive  scale.    Gradually,  however,  but  surely,  the  available 
timber  supply  began  to  give  out  and  the  mills  ceased  operation.    At  the  present  time 
the  only  mill  in  active  operation  in  the  township  is  that  of  E.  Matson  &  Son,  at  Marsh 
Creek,  near  the  Delmar  township  line.    This  mill  was  established  near  the  mouth  of 
Heise  run,  in  Delmar  township,  in  1883,  and  moved  to  its  present  location  in  1891. 
It  employs  about  thirty  hands  and  has  a  capacity  of  30,000  feet  of  lumber  a  day. 
There  have  been  no  grist-mills  operated  in  the  township  for  over  twenty  years.    The 
Herrington  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire,  being  owned  at  the  time  by  Cl^arles  and  Horace 
Herrington;  the  others  ceased  operations  for  lack  of  profitable  patronage. 


472  HISTOKT    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

SCHOOLS   AND   JUSTICES. 

The  early  schools  of  the  township,  like  those  in  other  townships  of  the  county, 
were  supported  by  subscription,  the  buUdings  were  log  cabins,  like  the  homes  of  the 
settlers,  and  instruction  was  confined  to  an  elementary  knowledge  of  reading,  writing, 
arithmetic  and  spelling.  After  the  township  became  more  thickly  settled,  better 
buildings  were  erected  and  a  corresponding  advance  was  made  in  the  methods  of 
teaching.  At  the  present  time  there  are  five  school  houses  in  the  township.  Good 
teachers  are  employed  and  the  pupils  receive  the  benefits  of  the  most  approved 
methods  of  instruction. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  township  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been 
held  by  the  following  named  persons:  Chauncey  Alford,  1837;  David  Ellis,  1830; 
Joseph  Aiken,  1832;  Jesse  E.  Eay,  1833;  John  P.  Donaldson,  1834;  Daniel  Holiday, 
1835;  Simeon  Houghton,  1836;  Levi  I.  Mehols,  1836;  Samuel  Phillips,  1841;  Alvah 
Austin,  1843;  Henry  Sligh,  1845;  re-elected,  1850,  1856;  George  M.  Herrington, 
1847;  Chester  Ellis,  1850;  Eufus  Eisk,  1851;  Joseph  A.  DarUng,  1855;  re-elected^ 
1860,  1865,  1870;  Thoms  Eleeney,  1865;  John  W.  English,  1877;  re-elected,  1883; 
John  A.  Covert,  1878;  C.  0.  Brown,  1881;  E.  M.  Keeney,  1885;  Nelson  Swope,  1887; 
re-elected,  1893;  J.  B.  Van  Gelder,  1891;  Clayton  Butler,  1895,  and  E.  W.  Brough- 
ton,  1897. 

CHUKCHBS    AND    CEMETEEIES. 

In  1840  a  frame  church  building  was  erected  at  Ansonia  by  Phelps,  Dodge  & 
Company,  Hon.  William  E.  Dodge  being  the  leading  spirit  in  the  enterprise.  Mr. 
Dodge  was  a  Presbyterian,  and  in  September,  1840,  the  building  was  dedicated  as  the 
Presbyterian  Chiirch  of  Manchester,  that  being  the  name  applied  to  the  place  at 
the  time.  It  has  since  been  more  familiarly  known  as  the  "Piue  Creek  Church,"  and 
is  to-day  the  second  oldest  house  of  worship  in  the  county.  Though  dedicated  as  a 
Presbyterian  church  it  has  always  been  open  to  other  Christian  denominations.  The 
building  was  erected  under  the  supervision  of  Israel  Eichard,  boss  carpenter,  who 
followed  a  model  furnished  by  the  father  of  Hon.  William  E.  Dodge,  from  a  little 
church  in  Connecticut.  Eev.  Mr.  Spauldiag,  of  Southport,  New  York,  officiated  at 
the  dedication.  Among  those  present  were  Hon.  William  E.  Dodge  and  wife,  and  his 
sister,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Steadman,  wife  of  Edmund  Clarence  Steadman,  the  banker-poet. 
She  wrote  a  poem,  inspired  by  the  occasion  and  surroundings,  which  appeared  in  the 
Tioga  Eagle.  In  1854  the  church  was  repaired  and  re-dedicated,  and  again  repaired 
and  re-dedicated  in  1886.  'So  church  society  seems  to  have  been  organized  at 
Ansonia.  In  1843  and  1844  the  members  of  the  congregation  became  members  of 
the  church  at  Wellsboro,  and  the  Ansonia  membership  has  since  constituted  a  branch 
of  the  Wellsboro  church,  the  pastors  of  which  have  held  stated  services  in  the  church 
at  Ansonia.  Eev.  Thomas  Poster  was  supply  during  1843,  since  which  time  there 
have  been  but  two  pastors,  Eev.  J.  P.  Calkins,  who  came  in  1844  and  remained  until 
1880;  and  Eev.  A.  C.  Shaw,  who  came  in  1880,  and  is  the  present  pastor. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  has  a  class  at  Ansonia  that  is  a  branch  of  the 
Dexter  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Delmar  township.  For  over  thirty  years  ser- 
vices have  been  held  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  During  the  earlier  years  these  ser- 
vices were  irregular,  but  for  some  time  past  they  have  been  held  once  in  every  two 


SHIPPBN   TOWNSHIP.  473 

weeks.  The  pastor  of  the  Dexter  church  conducts  them.  He  has  also  within  his 
charge  the  classes  at  Marsh  Creek,  Asaph  and  Pine  Eidge,in  Shippen  township,  as  well 
as  the  church  at  Middle  Eidge  in  Delmar  township.  These  all  constitute  what  is 
known  as  the  Ansonia  charge.  The  names  of  the  pastors  will  he  foun  1  in  the  history 
of  the  Dexter  church,  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  Delmar  township. 

The  Shippen  Baptist  Church  was  organized  May  3,  1891,  with  the  following 
members:  J.  D.  Webster,  Mrs.  Permelia  Webster,  B.  S.  English,  Mrs.  Eosetta 
English,  Harris  Dartt,  Mrs.  Caroline  Dartt,  Mrs.  Lillian  Dartt,  W.  Harrison,  Mrs. 
Betsey  Harrison,  Miss  Lodema  Harrison,  Milon  Wilson,  Mrs.  Mary  Wilson,  Lemuel 
Sherman,  Mrs.  Laviaa  Sherman,  Tile  ShermaJi,  Mrs.  Lucinda  Sherman,  John  Mor- 
row, Mrs.  Alta  Morrow,  William  Hazleton,  Mary  Hazleton,  Mrs.  Dora  Knowlton, 
Miss  Lydia  Knowlton,  Miss  Olivia  Jones,  Miss  Sjdvia  Ester,  Mrs.  Mattie  Hall,  Alonzo 
L.  Bowen,  Eev.  W.  H.  Playfoot  and  Elijah  Phillips.  The  following  named  persons 
have  served  this  church  as  pastors:  Eevs.  W.  H.  Playfoot,  1891-93;  J.  T.  Bradford, 
1893-95,  and  Eev.  P.  Eeynolds,  who  took  charge  June  18, 1896.  Meetings  are  held  in 
the  Shippen  school  house.  The  present  membership  is  forty-two.  There  are  about 
thirty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Mrs.  M.  L.  Hall  is  the  superintendent. 
The  Ansonia  Cemetery  occupies  a  plot  of  ground  adjoining  that  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  the  ground  for  both  being  acquired  at  the  same  time.  Here  lies  the 
remains  of  a  number  of  early  pioneers,  among  them  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  who  settled  in 
Delmar  township  in  1805,  and  died  April  30,  1844,  aged  seventy-eight  years; 
Henry  Sligh,  Eeuben  Herrington,  Abiatha  Swope  and  others.  There  are  also  several 
private  burying  grounds  in  the  township. 

VILLAGES. 

Ansonia  is  the  name  of  a  village  situated  at  the  junction  of  Marsh  and  Pine 
creeks.  The  level  area  here  covers  several  hundred  acres.  It  is  thought  to  have  been 
at  one  time  the  site  of  an  Indian  village,  the  first  explorers  finding  evidences  of  the 
land  having  been  cleared  and  cultivated  some  years  before  their  coming.  They  gave 
it  the  name  of  Big  Meadows.  It  was  here,  in  1805,  Josiah  Furman  settled,  and  soon 
after  had  for  neighbors  a  man  named  Mills,  whose  daughter  he  married,  and  Eobert 
Steele.  About  1839  Leonard  Pfoutz  erected  a  saw-mill  a  mile  and  a  half  below  on 
Pine  creek.  A  few  years  later  he  was  succeeded  by  Stowell  &  Dickinson,  who  also 
carried  on  a  store.  The  place  took  the  name  of  Manchester,  and  the  present  site  of 
Ansonia,  Manchester  Farms,  to  which  place  Stowell  &  Dickinson  afterwards  moved 
their  store.  About  1838  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company — otherwise  known  as  the  Joint 
Land  and  Lumber  Company — purchased  large  bodies  of  timber  lands  in  Delmar  and 
Shippen  townships  and  began  lumbering  operations  on  an  extensive  scale.  In  1850 
they  acquired  the  Stowell  &  Dickinson  mills.  A  company  store  was  run  at  An- 
sonia. This  was  closed  in  1871  and  the  place  was  vdthout  a  store  until  1883, 
when  J.  P.  Howe  embarked  in  business.  He  was  succeeded  in  1884  by  W.  H.  Thomp- 
son, and  he  in  1894  by  Gilbert  E.  Tate.  Another  store  is  carried  on  by  J.  D.  Gross. 
These  constitute  the  mercantile  enterprises  of  the  village.  In  1884  a  hotel  building 
was  erected  by  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company,  the  present  landlord  of  which  is  E.  J. 
Bradley.  The  first  hotel  in  the  township,  however,  appears  to  have  been  kept  by 
John  Mathers,  who  was  assessed  as  a  tavern  keeper  in  1834.     About  this  time,  also. 


474  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

David  Ellis  engaged  in  the  business,  keeping  hotel  for  a  number  of  years.  Eeuben 
Herrington  and  after  him  George  W.  Herrington  kept  this  house.  It  was  closed  in 
the  spring  of  1895,  Charles  Scott  being  the  landlord  at  the  time,  and  is  now  used  as 
a  private  dwelling. 

A  postoiSce  was  established  in  1845,  John  Mathers  being  the  first  postmaster. 
The  office  was  named  Shippen.  His  successors  have  been  John  Dickinson,  Deroy 
Herrington,  who  held  the  office  during  the  Civil  War;  Henry  Sligh,  Henry  Broughton 
and  George  W.  Herrington,  who  held  until  March  38,  1884.  In  1876  the  name^was 
changed  to  Ansonia,  in  honor  of  Anson  Phelps,  of  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company.  In 
the  meantime  the  office  had  been  without  a  permanent  location.  A  portion  of  the 
time  it  was  at  Ansonia,  but  as  a  rule  the  postmaster  kept  the  office  at  his  residence. 
March  28,  1884,  the  name  of  the  office  was  changed  to  Ebenton — ^being  named  for 
Ebenezer  B.  Campbell,  for  many  years  a  foreman  for  Phelps,  Dodge  &  Company.  J.  P. 
Howe  was  appointed  postmaster,  and  the  office  located  at  Ansonia.  He  held  it  until 
the  fall  of  1884,  when  W.  H.  Thompson  took  the  office.  His  successors  have  been 
T.  L.  Eeese,  appointed  August  31, 1891;  Gilbert  E.  Tate,  July  17, 1894;  resigned  in 
the  spring  of  1896,  and  John  D.  Gross  was  appointed.  In  the  spring  of  1895  the 
name  Ebenton  was  dropped  and  that  of  Ansonia  restored. 

In  1884  the  Pine  Creek  railroad  was  completed  from  Stokesdale  Junction  to 
Williamsport,  and  a  station  established  at  Ansonia.  In  1894  the  Buffalo  and  Sus- 
quehanna railroad  was  built  from  Galeton  to  Ansonia,  and  the  Pall  Brook  Station  was 
moved  one-fourth  of  a  mile  northeast  to  the  junction  of  the  two  roads.  This  station 
is  now  in  charge  of  L.  G.  Davison,  who  acts  for  both  companies,  and  is  also  the 
agent  of  the  Western  Union  and  Postal  Telegraph  companies  at  Ansonia. 

Shippen  Grange,  ISTo.  902,  P.  of  H.,  meets  at  Ansonia.  It  was  organized  January 
8, 1890,  and  has  now  a  membership  of  nearly  forty.  Pine  Grove  Lodge,  'No.  20,  P.  of 
T.,  organized  February  36,  1896,  contains  over  fifty  members  and  meets  at  the  old 
Herrington  house,  west  of  the  village. 

Marsh  Greek  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  established  in  1874  with  Samuel  Scranton 
as  postmaster.  His  successors  have  been  C.  P.  Gee,  Bloss  Holiday,  C.  P.  Gee,  a  sec- 
ond term,  and  E.  Matson.  During  the  incumbency  of  Mr.  Gee  the  office  was  in  Del- 
mar  township,  his  residence,  store  and  saw-mill  being  just  east  of  the  township  line. 
The  office  is  at  present  in  the  store  of  E.  Matson  &  Company,  who  operate  a  large 
steam  saw-mill  here.  Morning  Dawn  Lodge,  Ko.  61, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  meets  in  this  village. 
It  was  organized  August  4,  1893,  and  now  embraces  about  forty  memi)ers.  The  P. 
0.  S.  of  A.  have  also  a  lodge  here,  with  a  goodly  number  of  adherents  who  subscribe 
to  the  principles  of  that  order. 

Asaph  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  established  May  18,  1889,  in  the  store  of  0.  S. 
Butler  near  the  mouth  of  Asaph  run.  Mr.  Butler,  who  has  held  the  office  continuously 
to  the  present  time,  established  a  store  here  in  1881.  The  distance  between  this 
office  and  that  of  Marsh  Creek  is  less  than  half  a  mile.  Asaph  is  also  the  meetiag 
place  of  two  secret  societies,  viz:  Asaph  Tent,  No.  183,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  organized  July 
13,  1893;  and  Asaph  Hive,  ISTo.  94,  L.  0.  T.  M.,  organized  September  26,  1895,  both 
of  which  have  a  fair  membership. 


CHAPTEK  XXXYIII. 

GAINES  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Reduction  of  Abea— Derivation  of  Name— Physical  Charac- 
teristics —  Streams  —  Timber  and  Game  —  Population  —  Early  Settlers 
— Past  and  Present  Enterprises— The  Gaines  Coal  and  Coke  Company 
— Early  Schools  —  Physicians  and  Justices  —  Churches  —  Cemeteries — So- 
cieties—Villages AND  POSTOFFICES. 


BY  an  order  of  the  court  of  quarter  sessions,  dated  December  29,  1837,  the  town- 
ship of  Gaines  was  created,  its  territory  being  taken  from  the  western  half  of 
Shippen  township.  In  December,  1850,  a  strip  two  miles  wide  was  taken  from  it 
on  the  north  and  went  to  make  up  the  township  of  Clymer.  As  now  constituted,  it  is 
about  six  miles  from  east  to  west  by  eight  and  a  quarter  miles  from  north  to  south 
and  contains  fifty  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  township  of 
Clymer,  on  the  east  by  Shippen  township,  on  the  south  by  Elk  township  and  on  the 
west  by  Potter  county.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Gaines,  who  was  conspic- 
uous in  the  removal  of  the  Creek  Indians  during  the  administrations  of  John  Quincy 
'Adams  and  Andrew  Jackson. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  rugged  and  picturesque  townships  in  the  county.  Pine 
creek  traverses  it  from  west  to  east,  and  divides  it  into  two  parts,  that  on  the  north 
being  a  trifle  the  larger.  During  its  passage  through  the  township,  this  creek  re- 
ceives the  water  of  a  number  of  branch  streams.  On  the  north  are  Phoenix  creek, 
near  the  Potter  county  line;  Long  run,  which  rises  in  Clymer  township  and  has  its 
confluence  at  Gaiaes;  Shim  Hollow  run,  which  empties  in  at  Manhattan,  and  Mill  run 
which  empties  in  at  Frumantown.  On  the  south  are  Elk  run,  which  empties  in  at 
Watrous;  Lick  nm,  which  empties  in  near  Manhattan,  and  Painter  run,  which 
empties  in  between  Manhattan  and  the  Shippen  township  liae.  The  branches 
of  Long  run  are  Blue  run  and  Benn  Gully  run  on  the  east  and  Gal  run  on  the  west. 
All  these  brooks  and  runs  flow  through  narrow  valleys,  lined  by  mountains  that  rise 
to  a  height  of  600  to  900  feet.  While  they  add  to  the  picturesqueness  of  the  scenery 
of  the  township,  they  greatly  limit  its  tillable  area,  and  compel  its  farmers  to  cultivate 
the  steep  hillsides  as  well  as  the  restricted  valleys,  in  an  effort  to  utilize  as  much  of 
their  land  as  possible. 

When  first  settled  the  township  was  heavily  timbered,  pine  and  hemlock  predom- 
inating. This  has  about  all  disappeared,  having  been  either  sawed  into  lumber  within 
the  township  or  rafted  in  the  form  of  logs  down  Pine  creek  to  Williamsport  and  be- 
yond. Its  many  cleax  streams  and  its  rugged  mountains  made  this  township  a 
veritable  paradise  for  the  himter  and  the  fisherman,  and  during  a  week's  tour  among 
its  oldest  citizens  enough  material  could  be  collected  to  make  a  good-sized  book  of 
hunting  and  fishing  anecdotes,  incidents  and  adventures.    There  are  men  alive  to-day 


476  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

who  tell  of  catching  trout  by  the  bucketfull,  of  killing  hundreds  of  hears  and  thous- 
ands of  deer  and  wolves,  and  of  passing  through  innumerable  thrilling  adventures 
and  hair-breadth  escapes  from  death.  Like  the  pine  and  the  hemlock,  the  bear,  the 
■wolf  and  the  deer  have  disappeared,  and  the  trout  are  only  to  be  found  in  a  few  se- 
cluded spots. 

The  township  has  grown  slowly  but  steadily,  the  most  marked  increase  in  popu- 
lation being  between  1880  and  1890.  In  1840  it  had  215  inhabitants;  in  1880,  508, 
and  in  1890, 1187. 

EAKLY  SETTLEES. 

About  1804  a  party  of  hunters  found  their  way  up  the  Piae  Creek  valley  above 
the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek.  .One  of  these  was  William  Furman,  of  Sunbury,  ITorthum- 
berland  county,  Pennsylvania.  So  pleased  was  he  with  the  country  and  the  abundance 
of  game,  that  upon  returning  to  his  home  he  induced  two  of  his  brothers  to  join  him 
in  making  a  settlement,  which  they  did  in  the  spring  of  1805,  all  bringing  their  fami- 
lies.    Josiah,  one  of  the  brothers,  settled  at  the  mouth  of  Marsh  creek,  in  Shippen 
township.     "William  and  the  other  brother,  Aaron,  settled  on  Pine  creek,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Gaines  township,  the  place  taking  the  name  of  Furmantown,  which  it 
still  retains.    Benjamin  another  brother  came  in  1823.    Aaron  K.  Furman,  bom  in 
1819,  a  son  of  Aaron,  and  Martin  W.  Furman,  born  in  1839,  a  son  of  William,  still 
reside  on  the  farms  settled  by  their  parents.     Mrs.  Hannah  Ogden,  a  daughter  of 
Aaron  Furman,  is  the  oldest  living  person  born  in  the  township.    She  was  bom  in 
1812.    In  1811  John  Phoenix,  better  known  as  Captain  Phoenix,  settled  near  the 
Potter  county  line  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek  that  bears  his  name.    About  the  same 
time  a  man  named  John  Smith  settled  at  the  mouth  of  Long  run.    A  number  of 
Indians  were  still  to  be  found  here  and  there  along  the  stream.    They  were  friendly 
and  mingled  freely  with  the  settlers  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of  1812,  when 
they  disappeared.    Thinking  they  had  gone  to  join  the  British  and  were  likely  at  any 
time  to  return  with  other  than  friendly  intentions,  the  settlers  felt   considerable 
alarm.    A  few  did  return  after  the  war,  but  finding  they  had  lost  the  confidence  and 
friendship  of  the  settlers,  soon  disappeared.    John  Persing,  a  native  of  Northumber- 
land county,  and  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  came  in  1814  in  a  canoe  from  Williams- 
port,  with  his  wife  and  one  child — ^lea\dng  the  eldest,  a  son,  with  his  grandparents— 
and  settled  on  the  flat  at  Gaines  village.    In  1840  he  removed  to  Hector  township, 
Potter  county,  returning  later  to  pass  his  last  years  in  Gaines  township,  dying  October 
12,  1886,  aged  99  years  and  14  days.     A  man  named  Fisher  settled  on  the  bottom 
north  of  the  road  at  the  Long  run  bridge.     The  water  waahed  his  cabin  away,  and 
he  removed  to  the  mouth  of  Elk  run,  where  he  made  a  clearing  and  built  a  log  house. 
After  living  here  two  years  he  sold  out  to  a  carpenter  named  Frederick  Tanner,  who, 
being  a  single  man,  soon  sold  to  another  newcomer,  Conrad  Bernauer,  a  native  of 
Germany.    With  Mr.  Bernauer  came  his  father-in-law,  a  Mr.  Zubers,  with  his  daugh- 
ter, a  Mrs.  Miller  and  her  baby.     Mr.  Zubers  and  his  wife  and  Mrs.  Miller's  baby  were 
shortly  afterwards  killed  by  a  falling  tree,  which  crushed  in  the  cabin  during  a 
storm.    John  Benn  who  came  into  the  county  as  early  as  1817,  built  a  saw-mill  in 
1835,  above  the  mouth  of  Long  run,  on  Pine  creek,  operating  it  until  1831.     John 
Blue,  a  native  of  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  1829  on  Long  run,  two 


GAINES   TOWNSHIP.  477 


miles  south  of  Lansing.  In  1837  Stephen  B.  Barnes  came  and  settled  on  Pine  creek. 
In  1838  Hajris  Matteson  settled  at  Gaines,  and  in  1863  removed  to  a  farm  on  Lick 
run.  Amos  H.  Ogden  came  in  1840  and  huilt  a  saw-mill  near  Manhattan.  David 
Eexford  came  iato  the  township  about  the  same  time  and  became  prominent  as  a 
lumberman  and  raftsman.  Daniel  K.  Bamhart,  a  cabinet-maker,  came  in  1841  and 
located  at  Gaines.  Elihu  H.  Faulkner  came  in  1845,  and  Alexander  Matteson  the  fol- 
lowing year.  "William  "Watrous  settled  on  Elk  run  in  the  spring  of  1847.  Danforth 
K.  Marsh  settled  at  Marshfield  in  1847,  and  Ethan  Strait  in  the  same  neighborhood 
in  1850.  These  were  the  principal  settlers  during  the  first  half  of  the  present  century. 
There  was  also  a  transient  population  consisting  of  lumbermen,  raftsmen,  hunters, 
etc.,  who,  as  a  rule,  made  but  a  temporary  stay.  A  few,  however,  cleared  and  im- 
proved farms  and  in  other  ways  assisted  in  the  development  of  the  township. 

PAST   AND   PEESENT   ENTBEPEISES. 

Lumbering  early  became  the  leading  enterprise  of  the  township.  Pine  creek, 
during  high  water  stages,  was  made  use  of  to  raft  logs  to  Williamsport  and  other  points 
on  the  Susquehanna  river,  while  the  early  mills  supplied  the  demands  of  an  increas- 
ing population.  Large  tracts  of  timber  land  were  bought  up  and  millions  of  feet  of 
logs  cut  annually,  until  the  mountains  were  stripped  of  pine.  The  hemlock  followed 
next,  the  bark  going  to  the  tanneries  and  the  logs  to  the  saw-mills.  There  is  yet  left 
a  good  supply  of  hard  wood,  but  it  is  estimated  thu,t  the  next  twenty  years  will  wit- 
ness its  disappearance,  leaving  the  township  bare  of  timber,  except  a  rather  scant 
second  growth.  The  present  owners  of  the  land  are,  however,  making  the  most  of  its 
tillable  area,  and  the  township  contains  a  laxge  number  of  intelligent  and  well-to-do 
farmers.' 

The  first  saw-mill  was  built  in  1815  by  John  Smith,  on  Long  run,  just  south  of 
the  highway  bridge,  near  Gaines.  Capt.  John  Phoenix  built  a  saw-mill  in  1817  neai 
the  mouth  of  Phoenix  run.  He  afterward  erected  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  at 
Gaines.  The  assessment  list  of  1818  shows  that  George  Huyler  owned  a  one-third 
interest  in  a  saw-mill.  The  name  of  the  owner  of  the  remaining  interest  does  not 
appear.  Sometime  previous  to  1830  Aaron  Furman  set  up  a  hand  grist-mill  on  his 
place.  Its  predecessor  was  a  hominy  block,  consisting  of  a  log  set  endwise  in  the 
ground,  the  upper  part  being  hollowed  out.  Later  Mr.  Furman  erected  a  water-power 
mill  and  also  a  saw-mill,  on  a  small  stream  below  his  dwelling,  since  known  as  Mill 
run.  The  saw-mill  was  sold  to  Col.  Dudley  Hewitt  in  1830,  who  with  his  three 
sons  carried  on  extensive  lumbering  operations  for  many  years.  In  later  years  this 
mill  was  owned  by  David  Eexford,  who  operated  it  until  1890.  John  Benn,  who 
came  into  the  county  in  1817,  operated  a  saw-mill  just  below  Gaines,  from  1825  to 
1831,  when  he  became  involved  in  debt  and  his  property  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Silas  Billings,  of  Knoxville.  Sylvester  Davy  appears  to  have  been  a  partner  with 
John  Benn  in  1836.  Stephen  and  Simeon  Babcock  same  into  the  township  about 
1830  and  soon  afterwards  purchased  the  mills  of  Col.  Dudley  Hewitt.  In  1831 
John  L.  Phoenix,  a  son  of  Capt.  John  Phoenix,  built  a  saw-mill  near  the  Potter 
county  line.  This  mill  was  afterwards  owned  by  Perry  Smith.  Mr.  Phoenix  later 
built  a  saw-mill  on  Elk  run,  known  as  the  C.  B.  Watrous  mill  and  now  dismantled. 
Two  saw-mills  were  also  erected  on  Long  run,  above  Gaines,  the  first  by  Wheaton 


478  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    OOTJITTT. 

Hewitt  and  the  second  by  a  Mr.  Tuttle.  Amos  H.  Ogden  came  into  the  township 
in  1840,  and  he  and  his  brother,  Benjamin,  erected  a  mill  near  Manhattan,  which 
they  operated  for  many  years. 

Silas  Billings,  who  began  lumbering  operations  in  the  township  in  1831 — ^when 
he  purchased  the  John  Benn  mill  property — soon  became  the  leading  lumberman 
and  real  estate  owner  of  the  township.  He  erected  numerous  mills  in  Gaines,  and 
later  in  Elk  township,  and  earned  a  lasting  reputation  as  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
untiring  energy.  He  remained  a  resident  of  Knoxville  until  1840,  when  he  removed 
to  Elmira,  'New  York,  where  he  died  in  1853.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life 
Mr.  Billings  was  ably  assisted  in  the  management  of  his  business  by  his  son,  Silas 
X.  Billings,  who  made  himself  familiar  with  every  department  of  it.  He  not  only 
developed  the  interests  left  by  his  father,  but  added  to  them  other  large  and  important 
enterprises,  and  became  the  most  extensive  and  successful  lumber  operator  in  the 
county.  After  his  father's  death  he  took  up  his  permanent  resident  at  Gaines,  and 
did  more  than  any  other  man  to  forward  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  village 
and  the  township.  He  assisted  in  securing  and  keeping  alive  the  charter  for  the 
Jersey  Shore,  Pine  Creek  and  Buffalo  railroad,  and  in  other  ways  advanced  the 
material  interests  of  the  people  among  whom  he  lived  and  worked.  He  died  at  his 
home  in  Gaines,  October  13,  1879. 

The  first  store  in  the  township  was  established  by  Silas  Billings,  in  connection 
with  his  saw-mill;  the  second  by  Stephen  Babcock,  who  came  from  Connecticut  and 
opened  a  store  near  the  Purman  grist-mill.  He  carried  on  business  for  a  number 
of  years.  The  enterprises  of  more  recent  years  will  be  described  in  that  portion  of 
this  chapter  devoted  to  the  various  vUlages  of  the  township. 

THE    GAINES    COAL    AND    COKE    COMPANY. 

In  1882  John  L.  Sexton,  of  Blossburg,  was  employed  to  examine  the  coal  deposits 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  township  on  lands  belonging  to  the  Silas  X.  Billings 
estate  and  to  report  upon  the  number,  thickness  and  extent  of  the  veins.  The  favor- 
able character  of  Mr.  Sexton's  report  led  to  the  incorporation,  September  20,  1882, 
of  the  Gaines  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  for  the  purpose  of  mining  coal  and  other 
minerals  in  the  counties  of  Tioga  and  Potter.  The  priaeipal  office  of  the  company 
was  in  Gaines,  with  a  branch  office  in  the  city  of  New  York.  The  incorporators 
were  Thomas  C.  Piatt,  William  C.  Sheldon  and  George  E.  Blanchard,  of  New  York 
City;  James  E.-  Jones,  of  Addison,  Few  York;  Eichard  G  .Taylor,  of  Buffalo,  New 
York;  Charles  L.  Pattison,  of  Elkland;  Eufus  H.  Wombaugh,  of  Blossburg,  and 
James  Horton,  of  "Westfield.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  was  $600,000. 
Mines  were  opened  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  in  what  is  known  as  the 
"Barrens,"  at  an  elevation  of  about  2,100  feet  above  tidewater,  and  a  railroad,  four 
miles  and  a  half  long,  built  to  connect  with  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania.  A 
company  store  was  started  and  in  1883  a  postoffice  named  Gumee  established,  with 
E.  H.  Wombaugh  as  postmaster.  For  a  few  years  nearly  one  hundred  miners  were 
employed,  but  the  coal  deposits  failed  to  prove  as  extensive  as  expected,  and  the  force 
was  gradually  decreased,  until  at  present  but  fourteen  men  are  employed. 


GAINES   TOWNSHIP.  479 


EAELT    SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  township  was  a  log  building  erected  about  1813, 
a  short  distance  west  of  the  present  residence  of  Aaron  K.  Furman,  at  Furmantown. 
Among  the  early  teachers  here  were  Asa  Dodge,  Edwin  McMasters,  William  Drew, 
Maria  Merrick,  Caroline  Austin,  Mary  Ann  Fuller,  Harriet  Swan,  a  Miss  "Wilcox, 
Betsy  Eexford,  Mrs.  Phoebe  Beecher  and  Julia  A.  Amsbry,  now  the  wife  of  Aaron 
K.  Furman.  About  1854  a  school  building  was  erected  at  Gaines,  irf  which  Cynthia 
Post,  Mert  Johnson,  Miss  Albina  Vermilyea  and  Miss  Mather  taught.  In  1854, 
also,  a  school  house  was  erected  at  Marshfield  on  the  site  of  the  present  building. 
Danforth  K.  Marsh  was  the  first  teacher  here.  As  the  township  became  settled 
schools  increased  and  children  were  given  the  benefit  of  the  free  school  system. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

Aaron  Furman  was  the  first  person  to  practice  medicine  in  the  township,  and 
was  for  many  years  the  only  physician  in  the  Pine  Creek  valley  west  of  Marsh  creek. 
His  daughter-in-law,  Mrs.  Aaron  K.  Furman,  has  practiced  medicine  since  1871  and 
is  regularly  enrolled  under  the  registration  laws.  The  first  physician  to  locate  at 
Gaines  was  Dr.  Cobum,  who  came  in  1848,  and  practiced  for  several  years.  D.  H. 
Boyer  came  in  1869;  J.  M.  DufE  in  1873;  Dr.  Post  in  1873,  remaining  till  1874,  in 
which  year  Dr.  F.  D.  Ritter,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  located  in  the 
village.  He  has  continued  practice  in  Gaines  ever  since.  Dr.  Luce  came  in  1883, 
remaining  a  few  years.  Dr.  Herbert  P.  Haskin  came  in  1893  and  remained  until 
the  fall  of  1896.  Dr.  Eitter  and  Dr.  J.  Irving  Bentley  are  the  present  resident 
physicians. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
organization  of  the  township:  John  B.  Benn,  1840;  re-elected,  1845,  1860,  1865; 
Stephen  B.  Barnes,  1840;  re-elected,  1845,  1850,  1855,  1860;  Benjamin  V.  Ogden, 
1850;  re-elected,  1855;  Henry  Crofut,  1864;  George  Barker,  1868;  E.  M.  Smith, 
1869;  re-elected,  1879,  1884,  1889,  1890,  1895;  D.  A.  Paddock,  1873;  re-elected, 
1886;  C.  D.  Bamhart,  1878;  George  Langan,  1879;  A.  M.  Dunham,  1884;  J.  D. 
Everett,  1889;  re-elected,  1894,  and  N.  W.  Atwell,  1896. 

CHUECHES. 

The  First  Methodist  Church  of  Gaines  originated  in  a  Methodist  class  organized 
about  1838,  the  early  members  of  which  were  Mrs.  Aaron  Furman,  Benjamin  and 
Eliza  Furman,  John  and  Mrs.  Benn,  Benjamin  and  Nancy  Ogden,  Mrs.  Hannah  Ogden, 
Mrs.  Jared  Davis  and  Mrs.  Sallie  Billings.  Mrs.  Aaron  Furman  was  the  first  Methodi.st 
in  the  township,  and  a  memorial  window  in  the  church  at  Gaines  bears  an  inscription 
to  that  effect.  Meetings  were  held  at  Furmantown,  the  parsonage  being  on  the  Fur- 
man place.  Among  the  early  ministers  who  preached  here  were  Eevs.  Conant,  Park- 
hurst,  Burnett,  Vaughan  and  others.  In  1868  a  house  of  worship  was  erected,  and 
in  1883  a  parsonage,  both  at  Gaines,  at  a  cost  of  $6,000.  The  society  was  incor- 
porated in  1869.  Since  1867,  when  Eev.  G.  N.  Pack  had  charge,  the  following 
ministers  have  served  this  church:  Revs.  T.  Lesley  Weaver,  1867-70;  A.  Compton, 
1870-73;  M.  V.  Briggs,  1873-74;  A.  B.  Brame,  1874-75;  P.  M.  Joralman,  1875-76; 
Whiting  Beach,  1876-79;   Woodruff  Post,  1879-80;   J.  W.  Miller,  1880-83;   A.  G. 


480  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Cole,  1883-86;  G-.  H.  AUett,  1886-90;  S.  A.  Peterson,  1890-91;  Cornelius  Dillen- 
beck,  1891-94;  Uri  Mulford,  1895;  G.  B.  Hill,  1896,  and  E.  D.  Compton,  who 
took  charge  in  October,  1896.  There  are  now  twenty-eight  members  in  this 
church,  with  sixty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Prank  Stevens  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Marshfield,  the  second  society  in  Gaines 
township,  was  organized  about  1850,  and  incorporated  December  5,  1873.  Among 
the  early  members  were  David  and  Amanda  Smith,  James  H.  and  Betsey  Watrous, 
and  Ethan  and  Juliana  Strait.  The  first  minister  was  Eev.  Samuel  Mchols,  who 
held  services  once  in  every  two  weeks.  This  church  has  been  in  the  Gaines  charge 
and  has  had  the  same  pastors.  A  church  building  costing  $3,300  was  erected  in 
1874.  The  church  now  has  thirty-five  members.  There  is  a  Union  Sunday-school, 
with  an  average  attendance  of  about  fifty  pupils.  Charles  Watrous  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

The  First  Free  Baptist  Church  of  Gaines  was  organized  March  6,  1860,  at  the 
Eed  school  house  on  Elk  run.  Among  the  early  members  wea^e  Joseph  Sauter,  John 
Waldon,  Piatt  H.  Crofut,  Joshua  Bemauer,  I.  Champney,  V.  E.  Champney,  PoUy 
Crofut,  Maliada  Knowlton,  C.  M.  Champney,  Malinda  Barnes,  Mary  E.  Bemauer 
and  Delphina  Carsaw.  The  names  of  the  pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  D.  Stiles, 
1861;  P.  G.  Stevens,  1870;  Selden  Butler,  1878;  E.  Dormacker,  1885;  A.  E.  Cox, 
1885;  J.  W.  Kjelgaard,  1886;  H.  "WTiitcher,  1889;  W..  S.  Smith,  1890;  J.  W. 
Kjelgaard,  1895;  J.  N".  Lyon,  1896.  A  church  edifice,  costing  $1,600,  was  erected 
at  Marshfield  in  1870,  and  the  society  incorporated.  The  church  now  numbers 
seventy-five  members.     The  young  people  attend  the  Union  Sunday-school. 

CEMETEEIBS. 

The  old  Phoenix  graveyard,  near  the  mouth  of  Phoenix  creek,  has  been 
used  as  a  burying  ground  for  a  great  many  years.  A  short  distance  above  the  mouth 
of  Elk  run  is  the  old  Watrous  family  burying  ground.  The  Larrison  family  burial 
ground  near  Davis  Station,  ia  the  northern  part  of  the  tovraship,  has  been  used  as 
a  public  burial  place  for  some  years. 

The  BrooJcside  Cemetery  Association  was  incorporated  June  9,  1893,  by  David 
Eexf  ord,  George  P.  Ogden,  Eeuben  H.  Housberger,  H.  E.  Whittaker  and  Aaron  K. 
Eurman.  This  cemetery  is  situated  near  the  David  Eexford  place,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  township,  and  is  the  old  Purmantown  burying  ground. 

The  Elk  Run  Cemetery  Association  of  Gaines  was  incorporated  July  8,  1887, 
the  incorporators  being  J.  D.  Strait,  E.  M.  Smith,  D.  K.  Marsh,  J.  H.  Wood  and  J. 
Hubers.  The  cemetery  owned  and  managed  by  this  association  is  situated  at 
Marshfield. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  first  secret  society  organized  in  Gaines  township  was  Tyadaghton  Lodge, 
No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  November  18,  1881.  In  1890  it  purchased  the  building  at 
Gaines  now  used  as  a  lodge  room,  which  cost,  with  repairs,  about  $1,600.  This  lodge 
has  a  membership  of  thirty,  and  has  $3,000  in  its  treasury.  Gaines  Encampment, 
No.  314,  was  organized  August  4,  1893,  with  forty-three  members,  which  has  since 
been  increased  to  sixty.  It  uses  the  same  hall  as  Tyadaghton  Lodge.  Marshfield  Grange, 


-c^ 


GAINES    TOWNSHir.  481 


No.  1113,  p.  of  H.,  comes  next  in  the  order  of  time,  having  been  organized  August 
14, 1894.  In  1895  it  erected  a  grange  hall  at  Marshfield,  23x48  feet,  and  two  stories 
high.  This  grange  contains  about  eighty  members  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 
Marshfield  Lodge,  No.  130,  I.  0.  Q.  T.,  meets  in  the  grange  hall  at  Marshfield. 
It  was  organized  May  15,  1895,  and  now  numbers  about  sixty  members.  Gaines 
Tent,  No.  224,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  meets  at  Gaines  village,  where  it  was  organized  December 
23,  1895,  with  twenty  members,  but  has  since  grown  rapidly.  Gaines  Hive,  No. 
96,  L.  0.  T.  M.,  organized  January  16,  1896,  at  Gaines,  has  a  membership  of  about 
twenty.  These  several  societies  assist  in  the  social  development  of  the  township 
and  furnish  an  opportunity  for  its  people  to  help  one  another. 

VILLAGES    AND   POSTOEFICES. 

The  village  of  Gaines  is  situated  north  of  Pine  creek,  a  short  distance  above  the 
mouth  of  Long  run,  on  a  bench  or  plateau  overlooking  the  valley.  It  is  near  the 
center  of  the  township  and  is  in  the  midst  of  picturesque  surroundings.  In  1848 
Benjamin  Barse  built  a  hotel  here,  which  he  conducted  until  1855,  when  he  leased  it 
to  Horace  C.  Vermilyea.  In  1860  Mr.'Vermilyea  built  the  Izaak  Walton  House  on  the 
site  of  the  present  Vermilyea  Hotel.  It  became  a  noted  resort  for  himters  and 
fisherman.  He  kept  it  until  his  death  in  1878,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
William  H.  Vermilyea.  In  1889  the  hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  Mr.  Vermilyea 
proceeded  at  once  to  rebuild,  erecting  on  the  same  site  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
complete  hotels  in  the  county.  On  July  7,  1894,  Mr.  Vermilyea  was  accidentally 
killed.    His  widow  has  recently  leased  the  property  to  W.  L.  Herron. 

The  first  postoffice  in  the  township  was  established  in  1855,  the  postmaster  being 
William  GriflBn,  who  resided  at  Purmantown.  In  1857  the  office  was  moved  to 
Gaines  and  John  H.  Bolt  appointed  postmaster.  He  was  succeeded  in  1861  by 
Horace  C.  Vermilyea,  who  held  the  office  until  his  death  in  1878.  His  widow, 
Mrs.  IT.  A.  Vermilyea,  was  then  appointed,  and  contiaued  to  hold  the  office  until 
1882,  when  Dr.  P.  D.  Ritter  succeeded  her,  holding  it  until  1887,  when  Mrs. 
Vermilyea  was  again  appointed.  She  was  succeeded  by  R.  T.  Martin,  the  present 
incumbent. 

The  first  store  was  erected  in  1854  by  A.  P.  Cone,  of  Wellsboro.  The  second 
soon  afterward  by  Silas  X.  Billings.  A  school  house  was  built  in  1854  and  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1868.  About  1865  Daniel  K.  Barnhart  established 
a  wood-working  shop  in  the  village,  which  he  sold  some  years  later  to  Henry  Book- 
miller.  Mr.  Bookmiller  came  to  Gaines  in  1883,  and  established  a  planing-mill  and 
also  engaged  in  the  furniture  and  undertaking  business.  To  these  enterprises  he 
later  added  a  grist-mill.  He  also  manufactured  cabinet  ware  and  builders'  supplies. 
In  1882  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad  was  completed  to  Galeton  and  in 
1894  the  BufEalb  and  Susquehanna  extended  its  line  to  Ansonia  in  Shippen  town- 
ship. This  gives  the  village  the  benefit  of  two  lines  of  railway.  Within  the  past 
ten  years  it  has  grown  steadily  and  is  a  wide-awake  and  enterprising  place. 

Marshfield,  named  in  honor  of  Danforth  K.  Marsh,  who  settled  on  its  site  in 
1847,  is  situated  on  Elk  run,  about  two  miles  and  a  half  above  its  mouth.  A  post- 
office  was  established  here  in  1860,  and  Mr.  Marsh  appointed  postmaster.  He  has 
held  the  office  without  interruption  for  over  thirty-six  years  and  is  one  of  the  oldest 


482  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

postmasters  in  years  of  eontinuous  service  in  the  United  States.  In  1867  Mr.  Marsh 
opened  the  first  store  in  the  place.  In  1885  DeWitt  Smith  started  another  store, 
which  was  afterwards  run  by  George  and  Charles  Frick,  and  later  by  W.  H.  Brownell. 
In  1895  it  closed,  leaving  Mr.  Marsh  the  only  merchant  in  the  place.  The  village 
now  contains  two  churches,  a  school  house,  a  grange  hall  and  a  blacksmith  shop, 
the  latter  carried  on  by  N.  L.  Hanscom. 

Watrous  is  an  enterprising  little  place  at  the  mouth  of  Elk  run.  It  was  laid 
out  in  January,  1895,  and  already  contains  a  school  house  costing  $1,100,  two  stores 
and  a  hotel,  and  besides  a  large  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  hardwood  flooring,  saw  and 
finishing  mill.  The  saw-mill  is  owned  by  W.  &  C.  B.  Watrous,  but  is  operated  by 
Harvey  &  Sullivan,  who  are  sawing  hemlock  lumber  under  contract  for  P.  H.  &  C. 
W.  Goodyear.  They  employ  forty  hands  and  the  mill  is  run  day  and  night.  The 
Maple,  Birch  and  Beech  Flooring  Company  operate  a  plant  employing  thirty  men, 
consisting  of  a  steam  saw-mill,  planing-mill  and  dry  kiln.  The  annual  production 
is  4,500,000  feet  of  lumber,  3,000,000  of  which  is  dressed  as  flooring.  The  main 
office  of  the  company  is  in  Eochester,  ISTew  York.  The  mills  are  in  charge  of  C. 
T.  Cooke.  There  are  two  general  stores  in  the  village,  both  of  which  do  a  fair 
trade.  Water  is  piped  from  a  spring  on  the  hillside  west  of  Elk  run,  giving  the 
village  the  benefit  of  pure  water.  There  are  now  about  forty  houses  in  the  place, 
and  an  effort  to  secure  a  postoffice  is  being  made. 

Manhattan  is  situated  two  miles  east  of  Gaines,  on  Pine  creek.  This  little 
village  has  grown  up  around  the  tannery,  and  its  residents  are  principally  tannery 
employes  and  their  families.  The  tannery  was  established  here  in  1870  by  Prank 
Cook.  In  1876  it  became  the  property  of  Silas  X.  Billings.  In  1881  E.  McCol- 
lough  &  Company  assumed  control.  In  May,  1893,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Union  Tanning  Company.  It  has  a  capacity  of  350  sides  of  sole  leather  a  day. 
Fifty  men  are  employed  and  nearly  8,000  tons  of  bark  used  annually.  A  post- 
office  was  established  here  in  1891.  It  is  located  in  the  store  of  Shaut  &  Company. 
The  present  postmaster  is  J.  C.  Gilbert. 

Ournee  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  at  the  mines  of  the  Gaines  Coal  and  Coke 
Company  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township.  The  office,  which  is  in  the  com- 
pan/s  store,  was  established  in  1883.  The  present  postmaster,  Patrick  Smith,  was 
appointed  in  April,  1893.  He  has  also  charge  of  the  mines  and  store.  The  mines 
were  opened  in  March,  1883,  and  for  a  time  a  large  force  of  miners  were  employed. 
At  present  there  are  but  fourteen  men  at  work.  It  is  expected  the  mines  will  be 
worked  out  within  a  year.  A  line  of  railroad  four  and  a  half  miles  long  connects 
these  mines  with  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania. 


CHAPTEE  XXXIX. 

ELK  TOWNSHIP. 

Okganization— Boundaries  and  Aeba— Mountains  and  Steeams— Timber— Popu- 
lation—Early  Settlers— Industrial  Enterprises— Schools  and  Churches 
— Justices  of  the  Peace— Villages. 


ELK  township  -was  organized  in  February,  1856,  and  was  taken  from  Delmar 
and  Morris  townships.  It  is  the  southwestern  township  of  the  county,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Gaines  and  Shippen;  on  the  east  by  Delmar  and  Morris; 
on  the  south  by  Lycoming  county,  and  on  the  west  by  Potter  county.  It  is  seven  and 
one-half  miles  from  east  to  west  by  ten  and  one-half  miles  from  north  to  south,  and 
contains  nearly  eighty  square  miles.  The  greater  portion  of  its  surface  is  a  series 
of  mountains  and  ravines,  and  there  is  but  little  tillable  land  in  the  township,  com- 
pared to  its  area.  As  a  consequence,  it  is  but  spaxsely  settled,  its  agricultural  popu- 
lation being  confined  to  the  northern  part.  When  first  settled  it  was  covered  with 
a  heavy  growth  of  pine,  hemlock  and  hard  wood.  Fifty  years  of  extensive  lumber- 
ing operations  have  greatly  depleted  this  forest  growth,  a  considerable  portion  of 
which  has  been  converted  into  lumber  in  the  mills  operated  in  the  township,  but 
much  the  greater  part  has  gone  down  Pine  and  Kettle  creeks  to  mills  on  the  Susque- 
hanna. The  scenery  of  the  township  is  picturesque,  the  mountains  rising  sharply 
from  the  sides  of  the  clear  streams  that,  as  branches  of  Pine  creek,  Elk  run  and 
Kettle  creek,  break  its  surface  up  into  numerous  narrow,  gorge-like  ravines.  The 
principal  of  these  streams  is  Cedar  run,  a  rapid-flowing  stream,  having  its  source  near 
the  centre  of  the  township.  It  flows  through  a  narrow  ravine,  the  mountains  on 
either  side  rising  to  a  height  of  800  to  1,000  feet.  This  stream  unites  with  Pine  creek 
at  Cedar  Eun,  Lycoming  county.  Kettle  creek  rises  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
the  township  and  flows  southwest  into  Potter  county.  Elk  run  rises  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  township  and  flows  northwest  into  Gaines  township.  Several  smaller 
streams  rise  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township  and  flow  into  Lycoming  county. 

In  November,  1856,  there  were  thirty-one  resident  taxables  in  the  township, 
fourteen  of  whom  were  laborers.  In  1870  the  census  returns  showed  a  population 
of  172;   in  1880,  470,  and  in  1890,  693. 

EARLY  SETTLERS. 

In  1847  Silas  Billings  erected  a  steam  saw-mill  near  the  head  of  Cedar  run,  and 
around  it  built  a  number  of  houses  for  his  employes.  This  place  took  the  name  of 
"Lungerville."  The  flrst  permanent  settler — ^the  first  man  who  came  into  the  town- 
ship with  a  view  to  establishing  a  home  and  cultivating  the  soil — ^was  John  Maynard, 
who,  in  1853,  purchased  and  located  upon  500  acres  of  wild  land  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  township.  Here  he  cleared  the  farm  upon  which  his  son  Eeuben  now 
resides.     In  February,  1856,  when  the  township  was  organized,  the  actual  settlers 


484  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COXJNTY. 


were  John  Maynard,  George  Maynard,  Loren  Wetmore,  John  B.  Smith,  Jehial 
Beach,  Homer  Euggles,  D.  W.  Euggles,  Benjamin  Freyer,  James  F.  Weseott,  Jason 
Smith  and  G.  W.  Howd,  who  were  all  located  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town- 
ship, near  the  Maynai'd  and  Sehanbacher  school  houses.  In  this  year,  also,  Fred- 
erick Zimmerman  settled  in  the  township.  Frank  Pm-hen  settled  about  1862;  Henry 
Hubers  came  about  the  same  time;  Carl  Walpers,  in  1863;  Francis  Schramm,  in 
1864;  Peter  B.  Champaign  and  Henry  Brecher,  in  1867;  Charles  H.  West,  in  1868; 
Alexander  Kherley  and  William  E.  Eumsey,  in  1869,  and  Hiram  L.  Colegrove,  in 
1872.  The  settlers  all  located  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township,  where  with 
patient  industry  they  cleared  away  the  forest,  built  homes  for  themselves  and- their 
families,  planted  fields  and  orchards,  established  schools  and  in  other  ways  promoted 
the  development  of  that  section  of  the  township. 

INDUSTEIAL    ENTEBPEISES. 

Ever  since  the  building  of  the  first  saw-mill  in  1847  on  Cedar  run  by  Silas 
Billings,  lumbering  has  formed  the  leading  enterprise  of  the  township.  Much  of 
the  pine  and  hemlock  has  been  converted  into  lumber  by  saw-mills  established 
within  the  township  limits,  but  more  has  been  floated  in  the  log  to  Williamsport 
and  beyond.  The  timber  in  the  vicinity  of  the  streams  went  first,  and  the  moun- 
tains were  soon  stripped  bare  from  base  to  summit.  The  leading  spirit  was  Silas 
Billings,  an  early  settler  at  Knoxville,  and  later  an  extensive  lumber  operator  in 
Gaines.  Mr.  Billings  purchased  the  greater  part  of  the  timber  land  of  the  town- 
ship, and  with  characteristic  energy  set  about  converting  the  timber  growth  into 
logs  and  lumber.  His  mill  on  Cedar  run,  established  in  1847,  was  the  first  one  in 
the  township.  He  continued  operations  here  until  his  death  in  1853.  In  order  to 
get  the  product  of  his  mill  to  Pine  creek,  he  built  a  plank  road  to  the  mouth  of 
Cedar  run.  Soon  after  the  completion  of  this  road  he  sold  a  large  quantity  of 
standing  timber  to  parties  in  Williamsport  who  were  connected  with  the  Boom 
Company.  In  1878  his  son,  Silas  X.  Billings,  who  succeeded  his  father  on  the  death 
of  the  latter,  sold  the  hemlock  bark  on  20,000  acres  to  Lee  &  Company,  of  Nos.  20 
and  22,  Ferry  street.  New  York  City. 

The  Cedar  Bun  Tannery,  at  Leetonia,  was  established  in  1879  by  W.  Creighton 
Lee.  Ground  was  broken  in  the  spring  and  the  tanning  of  leather  begun  on  Sep- 
tember 1.  The  massive  and  heavy  machinery  had  to  be  hauled  from  Stokesdale  and 
Wellsboro,  with  teams,  over  roads  that  made  the  work  both  dangerous  and  difficult. 
It  was,  however,  successfully  accomplished.  Houses  for  employes  were  also  built 
and  a  village  established,  which  soon  had  a  population  of  between  200  and  300 
inhabitants.  May  1, 1893,  the  tannery  passed  into  the  control  of  the  Union  Tanning 
Company,  and  is  one  of  the  large  number  of  tanneries  operated  by  that  corporation 
in  northern  Pennsylvania.  When  operated  to  its  full  capacity  this  tannery  gives 
employment  to  eighty  men  and  turns  out  450  sides  of  sole  leather  a  day.  The  super- 
intendent is  James  L.  Snyder  and  the  foreman  Eobert  Thompson. 

E.  S.  &  W.  B.  Christian  have  operated  since  the  fall  of  1895  a  saw-mill  on  Cedar 
run,  above  Leetonia.  This  mill  is  devoted  to  getting  out  hard  wood  lumber  and 
timber. 


ELK    TOWNSHIP.  435 


SCHOOLS    AND    CHUECHES. 

What  is  known  as  the  Maynard  school,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town- 
ship, was  the  first  school  established,  the  first  teacher  being  Miss  Marion  A.  Wat- 
roiis.  Among  the  early  teachers  in  this  and  the  other  schools  of  the  township  were 
Martha  Dennison,  Mary  Kelley,  Selana  Hart,  Carrie  Wilcox,  Albina  Vennilyea,  Nora 
Dartt,  Phoebe  Wetmore,  Amsi  Strait,  Florence  Noyes  and  Emily  Merrick.  Miss 
May  Herrington  was  an  early  teacher  at  Leetonia,  where  a  neat  school  building  was 
erected  soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  tannery. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Leetonia  was  organized  in  1879,  the  first 
pastor  being  F.  C.  Thompson.  His  successors  have  been  S.  A.  Brace,  J.  C.  Stevens, 
W.  Beach,  C.  D.  Eowley,  J.  C.  Ferrell,  John  Irons,  Eev.  Bursh,  A.  T.  Percy  and  G. 
W.  Doan.  The  church  has  no  pastor  at  present.  A  Sunday-school  is  maintained 
with  Miss  Stella  Tate  as  superintendent.  The  society  worships  in  the  public  school 
building. 

North  Elk  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  April,  1895,  with  the 
following  members:  Frederick -Schanbacher,  William  F.  Schanbacher,  J.  H.  Hubers, 
Mrs.  Mary  S.  Hubers,  P.  H.  Hubers,  Miss  E.  Sophia  Hubers,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  Cham- 
paign, Mrs.  Kate  Eeinwald,  Frederick  H.  Eeinwald,  I.  C.  Zimmerman  and  William 
Anderson.  The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  Uri  Mulford.  The  present  pastor  is  Eev.  A. 
C.  Hill.  There  are  now  eleven  members.  Meetings  are  held  in  the  Schanbacher 
school  house,  a  class  having  met  here  for  many  years  previous  to  the  organization 
of  the  church. 

JUSTICES    OF    THE    PEACE. 

The  first  elections  in  the  township  were  held  at  the  house  of  Homer  Euggles,  and 
later  at  the  Schanbacher  and  Maynaxd  school  houses.  The  present  voting  place  is  at 
Leetonia.  The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  by  the  following  named 
persons:  John  Maynaxd,  1861;  re-elected,  1866,  1871, 1876;  John  E.  Smith,  1862; 
Loren  Wetmore,  1868;  John  F.  Schanbacher,  1873;  J.  H.  Hubers,  1876;  re-elected, 
1881;  Oscar  K.  Brown,  1881;  George  E.  Maynard,  1884;  Edward  Peters,  1888; 
Joseph  Gorton,  1891;  re-elected,  1892;  F.  E.  Bradley,  1894. 

VILLAGES. 

Leetonia  is  the  name  of  a  village  that  sprung  up  in  1879  around  the  Cedar  Eun 
Tannery.  It  is  situated  on  Cedar  run,  seven  miles  above  its  mouth.  The  Cedar  run 
valley  at  this  point  is  quite  narrow  and  the  dwellings  of  the  tannery  employes  are 
ranged  along  the  hillsides.  Besides  the  tannery,  the  place  contains  a  store,  formerly 
carried  on  by  the  tannery  company,  but  since  May  1,  1893,  by  Shaut  &  Company;  a 
public  school  building,  and  Methodist  Episcopal  church  society,  which  worships  in 
the  school  building..  The  postoffice — named  Leetonia — was  established  in  1879. 
H.  H.  Tenbrook  was  the  first  postmaster.  Plis  successors  have  been  James  F.  Palen, 
Eobert  Thompson  and  the  present  incumbent,  James  L.  Snyder. 

Malone  was  the  name  of  the  first  postoffice  established  in  the  township,  the 
postmaster  being  Loren  Wetmore.  It  was  soon  discontinued,  since  which  time  the 
residents  of  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township  get  their  mail  at  Maxshfield,  in 
Gaines  township. 


CHAPTEK  XL. 

MOKEIS  TOWNSHIP. 

Okganization— Reductions  of  akea -Physical  Chaeactebistics— Timber  and 
Coal— Streams— Railroads— Population— PioNEEK  Settlement— Mills  and 
Other  Enterprises  —  Schools  —  Physicians  and  Justices  —  Churches— 
Societies— Villages  and  Postofpices. 


MOEEIS  township  was  organized  in  September,  1824,  and  was  taken  from 
Delmar.  As  originally  constituted  it  extended  to  the  Potter  county  line, 
and  embraced  the  greater  portion  of  the  present  township  of  Elk,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1856.  In  December,  1873,  a  strip  nearly  a. mile  in  width  from  north  to 
to  south  by  three  miles  iu  length  from  east  to  west,  was  taken  from  it  on  the  north 
to  make  a  portion  of  the  area  of  the  new  township  of  Duncan.  It  is  nearly  thirteen 
miles  from  east  to  westj  has  an  average  width  from  north  to  south  of  about  five 
miles,  and  contains  about  sixty-five  square  miles.  The  general  surface  of  the  town- 
ship is  mountainous,  the  hills  being  steep  and  high  and  the  valleys  narrow  and 
restricted.  This  is  especially  true  of  all  that  portion  lying  west  of  a  line  drawn 
north  and  south  through  Hoytville.  The  cultivable  area  is  confined  to  the  uplands 
in  the  southeastern  part  and  to  the  valleys  of  Pine  creek,  and  to  those  of  Babb's  creek 
and  its  tributaries.  The  farming  area  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township  is, 
however,  noticeable  for  its  well  improved  farms  and  prosperous  farmers,  the  soil 
being  rich  and  productive.  The  mountainous  area  is  wild  and  picturesque,  and  is 
still  the  scene  of  active  lumberiug  operations,  though  the  timber  supply  is  about 
exhausted.  The  general  upland  level  of  the  township  is  from  1,000  to  1,200  feet 
higher  than  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  which  unites  with  Pine  creek  at  Blackwells, 
at  which  point  the  elevation  is  833  feet  above  tidewater. 

The  streams  of  the  township  are  Pine  creek,  Babb's  creek.  Stony  Fork  creek, 
Wilson  creek,  Dixe's  run  and  Zimmerman's  run.  Pine  creek  pursues  a  southeasterly 
course  through  the  western  part  of  the  township  to  Blackwells,  where  it  turns 
southwest  and  crosses  the  Lycoming  county  line  about  a  mile  below.  Its  valley 
is  deep  and  narrow,  the  mountains  on  either  side  rising  almost  precipitously  to  a 
height  of  a  thousand  feet.  The  portion  of  the  township  lying  west  of  the  valley 
of  this  stream  is  uninhabited,  as  is  also  the  greater  portion  of  the  township  lying 
between  it  and  Stony  Fork  creek,  north  of  the  Babb's  creek  vaUey.  Babb's  creek, 
a  tributary  of  Pine  creek,  rises  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Charleston  township, 
flows  southeast  to  the  Duncan  township  line,  where  it  turns  south  and  a  few  miles 
further  on  southwest,  which  latter  course  it  pursues  through  Morris  township  to  its 
junction  with  Pine  creek  at  Blackwells.  It  receives  as  tributaries  Wilson  creek 
and  Stony  Fork  creek  from  the  north;   Dixe's  run  and  several   smaller    streams 


MOEEIS    TOWNSHIP.  487 


from  the  south.  It  and  its  tributaries  are,  in  times  of  high  water,  turbulent  streams. 
The  northeastern  portion  of  the  township  lies  within  the  Blossburg  coal  basin,  most 
of  the  coal  land  being  the  property  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  now  operating 
the  mines  at  Antrim. 

The  valley  of  Pine  creek  is  traversed  by  the  Pine  Creek  railroad,  completed  ia 
1884,  and  operated  by  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Company.  The  Amot  and  Pine 
Creek  railroad,  completed  from  Arnot  to  Hoytville  in  1883,  is  now  operated  by  the 
Erie.     It  connects  with  the  Tioga  railroad  at  Blossburg. 

During  the  earlier  years  of  the  township's  history  its  principal  industry  was 
lumbering,  and  its  population  was  largely  transient  and  shifting.  The  census  of 
1840  showed  only  120  inhabitants.  In  1870  there  were  433;  in  1880,  633,  and  in 
1890,  1,849,  560  of  which  were  credited  to  the  village  of  Hoytville. 

PIONEEE    SETTLEMENT. 

Samson  Babb,  a  native  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  was  the  first  settler  of  the 
township.  He  came  in  1800  and  located  on  Babb's  creek — named  for  him — on  the 
site  of  the  present  village  of  Morris,  near  the  mouth  of  Wilson  creek.  He  had  pre- 
viously purchased  from  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company  a  tract  of  450  acres  of  heavily- 
timbered  land,  known  as  "Icassa."  Here,  as  early  as  1806,  he  erected  a  water-power 
saw-mill.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in  getting  a  State  road  built  from  Williams- 
port  up  the  Pine  creek  and  Babb's  creek  valleys  to  Wellsboro.  He  was  appointed 
a  justice  of  the  peace  in  1813,  and  held  the  office  until  his  death,  in  October,  1815. 

The  next  permanent  settlement  was  made  at  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  on  the 
site  of  the  present  village  of  Blackwells,  by  Enoch  Blackwell,  Sr.,  in  1811.  When  he 
came  on  to  the  land  he  found  it  occupied  by  A.  P.  Harris  and  George  Bonnell,  but 
as  they  had  secured  no  title  he  found  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  possession.  Mr. 
Blackwell  came  from  Haven  Parish,  Gloucestershire,  England,  in  1805,  and  was 
one  of  a  colony  from  that  parish  who  established  the  "English  Settlement"  in  Pine 
township,  Lycoming  county.  Like  most  of  the  colonists,  he  became  dissatisfied 
with  the  location,  and  afterwards  exchanged  his  lands  for  a  tract  of  1,200  acres  of 
fine  timber  land  on  Pine  creek,  above  and  below  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek.  After 
securing  possession  he  devoted  himself  to  getting  out  and  rafting  square  pine  timber 
down  Pine  creek,  and  seems  to  have  prospered  in  that  line  of  effo;rt.  He  died  at 
Jersey  Shore  in  the  spring  of  1816,  aged  about  sixty-five  years,  and  was  buried  in 
the  old  Pine  Creek  burying  ground.  In  1817  his  son,  William,  removed  to  the  mouth 
of  Babb's  creek,  and  became  the  founder  of  the  village  of  Blackwells.  He  died 
December  6,  1859,  aged  seventy  years,  and  lies  buried  in  the  cemetery  about  a  mile 
up  Babb's  creek. 

Owing  to  its  rugged  character,  the  township  settled  slowlj',  so  that  when  it  was 
organized  in  1834  there  were  but  eighteen  taxables  within  its  boundaries.  Their 
names  are  as  follows:  William  Babb,  Jacob  Babb,  William  Blackwell,  Nathan 
Broughton,  who  came  about  1830;  Samuel,  Eobert  and  John  Campbell,  who  came 
about  1831;  William  Diggins,  who  came  in  1833;  Charles  and  Terence  Duffy, 
Mary  Landis,  and  Jacob  and  William  Emmick,  who  came  about  1833;  Samuel  M. 
Harrison,  the  first  school  teacher  in  the  township,  who  came  in  1819;   Eobert  and 


488  HISTOEY    OE   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

C.  Willammee  and  Jacob  Warren,  who  came  in  1834.     Thomas  Lloyd,  Jacob  Valen- 
tine and  Sylvester  "Webster,  "single  freemen,"  were  residing  in  the  township  in  1834. 

MILLS   AND    OTHER   ENTEEPEISES. 

The  first  Raw-mil]  ia  the  township  was  erected  by  Samson  Babb,  in  1806,  on 
Babb's  creek,  near  the  site  of  the  present  mill  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  in 
Morris.  Like  all  early  mills  it  was  a  water-mill  and  was  run  by  a  flutter-wheel. 
The  lumber  sawed  during  the  first  year  of  the  mill's  existence  was  floated  down 
Babb's  creek  to  its  mouth,  the  intention  being  to  raft  it  down  Pine  creek  to  the 
Susquehanna.  A  sudden  flood,  however,  swept  it  away.  After  Mr.  Babb's  death 
in  October,  1815,  the  mill  became  the  property  of  his  son,  William  Babb,  who 
operated  it  continuously  until  1833,  when  it  appears  to  have  been  diseontiuued. 
In  1831  he  resumed  operations  again,  continuing  uninterruptedly  until  1858. 

In  1835  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  were  built  on  Babb's  creek  just  above  the 
village  of  Blackwells.  The  owner  was  Mary  Landis,  who  was  assisted  in  operating 
the  mills  by  her  cousins,  Charles  and  Terence  Duffy.  In  1835  the  saw-mill  became 
the  property  of  James  Duffy,  who  also  acquired  the  grist-mill  in  1839.  He  con- 
tinued as  sole  owner  until  1854,  when  the  firm  of  James  Duffy  &  Brothers  was  organ- 
ized. In  1865  they  were  succeeded  by  John  H.  Humes,  and  he  in  1870  by  W.  C. 
GiUespie.  In  1874  he  was  succeeded  by  Gillespie  &  Company.  The  next  owners 
were  W.  Walters  &  Son,  who  sold  the  property  in  the  spring  of  1896  to  E.  J.  Prank- 
ILq.  The  saw-mill  was  washed  away  in  the  June  flood  of  1889,  and  has  not  been 
rebuilt.     The  grist-mill,  which  has  two-run  of  buhrs,  has  been  recently  repaired. 

Another  early  saw-mill  was  erected  on  Babb's  creek  in  1836  by  Jacob  Emmick. 
In  1839  he  sold  it  to  Eobert  Archer,  who,  in  1840,  associated  with  himself  H.  S.  and 
Stephen  Archer,  and  they  carried  on  the  enterprise  for  twenty  years,  enlarging  it 
about  1843  to  a  double  mill.  Among  other  early  mUl  owners  and  operators  were 
Alexander  and  James  Porsythe,  Samuel  Forsythe,  Horace  Williston,  Merrils  &  Com- 
pany and  Job  Doane.  Mr.  Doane  erected  a  mill  about  1848,  on  Babb's  creek,  at 
the  mouth  of  Stony  Fork.  This  mill  he  operated  for  nearly  forty  years.  After  his 
death  his  son,  P.  E.  Doane,  operated  it  until  it  was  washed  away  by  the  June  flood 
of  1889.    In  1890  it  was  replaced  by  a  steam-mill  built  on  higher  ground. 

In  1859  Nelson  Root  erected  a  saw-mill  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township 
near  Nauvoo.  It  was  a  water-power  mill.  He  was  succeeded  as  owner  by  James 
W.  Childs,  and  he  by  Robert  Custard.  The  present  owner  is  James  Dinnison,  who 
purchased  the  property  in  1869.  In  1889  the  mill  was  washed  away,  but  was 
rebuilt.  In  1893  Mr.  Dinnison  fitted  up  the  old  woolen  factory  as  a  grist-mill, 
for  the  grindiug  of  buckwheat  and  feed.  The  roller  process  is  used.  A  woolen 
factory  was  started  in  the  building  by  Robert  Custard  in  1869,  and  operated  by  him 
and  James  Custard  for  about  fifteen  years. 

At  the  present  time  the  saw-mills  in  active  operation  are  the  steam-mill  of  P.  E. 
Doane,  on  Babb's  creek,  near  the  mouth  of  Stony  Pork  creek;  the  steam-mill  of 
Lafayette  English,  on  Dixe's  run;  the  steam-mill  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany, at  Morris,  and  the  water-mill  of  James  Dinnison  near  Nauvoo.  In  addition  to 
the  manufacture  of  lumber,  large  quantities  of  hemlock  bark  are  gotten  out  each  year. 


MORRIS    TOWNSHIP.  489 


This  is  used  by  the  Brunswick  tannery,  which  is  fully  described  in  the  portion  of 
this  chapter  devoted  to  the  ^dllage  of  Hoytville. 

SCHOOIiS. 

The  first  school  was  taught  about  1831  by  Samuel  M.  Harrison  in  a  log  building 
on  Pine  creek,  below  Blackwells,  near  the  county  line.  It  is  said  it  was  built  for 
a  meeting  house,  and  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion  among  the  persons  living  at 
Blackwells  as  to  whether  it  stood  on  the  Tioga  or  Lycoming  side  of  the  county 
line.  About  1833  a  school  house  was  erected  on  Babb's  creek  about  a  mile  above 
Blackwells.  It  was  a  log  structure  with  a  slab  roof.  Among  the  early  teachers 
here  were  Nancy  Clark,  Samuel  M.  Harrison,  Lyman  "Wallbridge  and  a  Dr.  Eogers. 
Another  early  school  was  erected  near  the  present  store  of  Thomas  J.  Birmingham, 
in  Morris.  James  "W.  Lewis,  Samuel  M.  Harrison  and  Jacob  Babb  were  early 
teachers  here.  A  public  school  building  was  erected  about  1840  just  below  the 
Hoytville  tannery.  The  Doane  school  house  near  the  mouth  of  Stony  Fork  creek 
is  one  of  the  earlier  school  houses  of  the  township,  which  now  has  thirteen  schools, 
includiag  a  graded  school  in  the  village  of  Morris.  There  is  an  average  in  the  several 
districts  of  six  months'  school  each  year. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

About  1850  E.  H.  Archer,  a  mill  owner  and  lumberman,  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  the  township,  continuing  for  several  years.  In  1865  Dr.  William 
Blackwell,  who  had  previously  practiced  in  the  United  States  hospital  attached  to 
the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  opened  an  office  at  Blackwells,  and 
is  still  in  active  practice.  In  1883  Dr.  J.  B.  McCloskey  located  at  Morris,  where  he 
continued  in  practice  until  1890.  In  1890  Henry  Mathews,  the  "Indian  Doctor," 
who  practiced  under  the  name  of  James  McCoshaway,  located  at  Blackwells.  He 
died  in  1895.  Dr.  S.  "W.  Sine  came  in  1889  and  remained  until  1896.  Dr.  E.  P. 
Eobinson,  who  purchased  the  drug  store  of  W.  B.  Kerr,  and  located  in  Morris  in 
1891,  and  Dr.  C.  C.  Gentry,  who  came  in  1894,  are  the  resident  physicians. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  of  the  town- 
ship: Samson  Babb — appointed  January  7, 1808,  while  the  township  was  yet  a  part 
of  Delmar;  Jacob  Babb,  1836;  Lucius  Barto,  1837;  David  Ellis,  1830;  Joseph  Aiken, 
1833;  Jesse  E.  Eay,  1833;  John  P.  Donaldson,  1834;  Daniel  Holiday,  1835;  Simeon 
Houghton,  1835;  Levi  I.  Nichols,  1836;  Samuel  Harrison,  1841;  James  H.  Lewis, 
1843;  Daniel  Doane,  1850;  Henry  S.  Archer,  1854;  Eichard  Childs,  1858;  Job 
Doane,  1859;  re-elected,  1864,  1869,  1874  and  1879;  Edwin  Gregory,  1864;  Eobert 
Custard,  1869;  Eobert  Custard,  Jr.,  1874;  John  Haggerty,  1877;  re-elected,  1883; 
C.  W.  Beardsley,  1884;  W.  W.  Seaman,  1886;  D.  "W.  Eeynard,  1888;  re-elected, 
1893;  Jeremiah  Desmond,  1891;  E.  G.  Comstock,  1896. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Blackwells  dates  the  beginning  of  its  history 
to  a  class  organized  about  1859,  the  original  members  of  which  were  Samuel  M. 
Harrison,  Betsey  Lloyd,  Samuel  Campbell,  Sarah  Blackwell,  Eobert  Wilson,  Mary 
E.  Blackwell,  Maria  Earnest  and  Warren  Lewis.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  school 
house  until  1893,  when  a  new  house  of  worship  was  erected.    This  church  was  origin- 


490  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

ally  in  the  Liberty  charge  and  later  in  the  Hoytville  charge.  In  1895  it  was  con- 
stituted a  separate  charge,  including  also  the  Dixe's  Bun  church,  the  Mt.  Pleasant 
church  and  the  church  at  Oregon  Hill.  The  first  pastor  was  W.  E.  Buckingham, 
whose  successors  have  been  as  follows:  Ecys.  N.  Shaffer,  1859-60;  James  Hunter, 
1861-63;  P.  B.  Bush,  1864;  E.  E.  Kelley,  1865;  M.  L.  Dunn,  1866-67;  Elisha 
Shoemaker,  1868;  E.  H.  Colburn,  1869;  Levi  G.  Heck,  1870;  E.  M.  Chilcoat,  1871-72; 
J.  E.  Craig,  1873;  A.  C.  Crossthwaite,  1874;  Isaiah  Edwards,  1875;  H.  S.  Lundy, 
1876-78;  J.  P.  Long,  1879;  I.  A.  Patton,  1880-81;  J.  F.  Glass,  1882;  W.  H.  Bowden, 
1883-84;  G.  E.  King,  1885-87;  0.  G.  Heck,  1888-90;  Eiehard  Brooks,  1891;  J.  E. 
Weeks,  1891-94;  J.  W.  Leach,  1895;  D.  M.  Grover,  1896.  This  church  now  numbers 
forty-two  members.  There  are  forty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  E. 
J.  Mattoon  is  superintendent. 

Hoytville  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  organized  in 
1861.  Early  meetings  were  held  in  school  houses.  In  1883  a  house  of  worship  was 
erected  costing  $2,000.  A  parsonage  costing  $1,000  was  erected  in  1888.  This 
church  was  in  the  Liberty  charge  when  organized.  In  1888  it  became  a  station  hav- 
ing a  resident  minister.  The  pastors  of  the  church  have  been  Eevs.  W.  H.  Bowden, 
1883-84;  George  E.  King,  1885-87;  0.  G.  Heck,  1888-90;  Eiehard  Brooks,  1891-92; 
J.  E.  Weeks,  1892-95;  T.  A.  Elliott,  1896.  This  church  now  numbers  112  members, 
and  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  S.  T.  Darby  is  the  superintendent,  has  over  120 
pupils. 

The  Mt.  Pleasant  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  with  the  following 
members:  Chauncey  Brud,  Frank  Briggs  and  wife,  H.  Briggs  and  wife,  James 
Briggs  and  wife,  Hiram  Mattoon,  and  Lyman  Graham  and  wife.  A  church 
building  was  erected  in  1893  costing  $1,800.  The  church  now  numbers  twenty-five 
members.  There  are  thirty-five  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Wesley  Em- 
mick  is  the  superintendent.    Mt.  Pleasant  is  in  the  Blackwell  charge. 

Dixe's  Run  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1892,  with  the  follow- 
ing members:  James,  Maria  E.,  Alfred  D.,  Lottie,  Charles  B,  and  Maria  P.  Black- 
well;  Michael,  Catharine  D.,  Eobert  and  Henry  Campbell;  Charles,  Ida,  Leslie  and 
Violette  Merrick;  Hiram,  Anon  and  George  Johnson;  James  Ashmay,  Lafayette 
and  Lucinda  Broughton  and  Henry  and  Lydia  Hatfield.  This  society  has  no  house 
of  worship.     It  meets  in  the  Dixe's  Eim  school  house  and  is  in  the  Blackwell  charge. 

The  Plank  School  House  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1888,  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  with  twenty  members.  In  1896  a  frame  church 
building  costing  $1,000  was  erected.  A  good  Sunday-school  with  forty-five  pupils 
is  maintained.  Warren  Lewis  is  the  superintndent.  This  church  is  in  the  Liberty 
charge. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Morris  was  organized  August  23,  1870.  The  fol- 
lowing named  persons  constituted  the  original  membership:  Warren  Lewis,  William 
Ayers,  J.  E.  Webster,  Ambrose  DufEey,  Eli  Love,  Nancy  Lewis,  Elizabeth  Duffey, 
Alsina  Webster,  Sarah  E.  Love,  C.  Herd,  Orpha  Ayers  and  Elizabeth  Emmiek.  Eev. 
Mr.  Thomas  was  pastor  of  this  church  during  the  first  year  of  its  existence,  since  which 
time  it  has  been  served  by  Eev.  WilHam  Young,  also  pastor  of  the  church  at  Austin. 
The  earlier  meetings  were  held  in  the  Mt.  Pleasant  school  house.  A  neat,  frame 
building  costing  $1,000  was  dedicated  May  3,  1896.     It  is  two  miles  and  a  half 


MOEEIS    TOWNSHIP.  491 


southwest  of  Morris.     The  present  membership  numbers  thirty.     There  are  about 
forty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Lafayette  English  is  superintendent. 

The  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart — Catholic — was  organized  in  1883,  and  in  1884 
a  house  of  worship  costing  $6,000  was  erected  near  the  dividing  line  between  Morris 
and  Hoytville,  and  within  the  boundaries  of  the  latter  village.  The  building  and 
grounds  were  damaged  by  the  June  flood  of  1889,  rendering  a  further  expenditure 
of  $600  necessary  for  repairs.  The  membership  of  this  church  consists  of  about 
seventy-five  Irish  and  Polish  families.  It  is  a  mission  church  of  the  Wellsboro 
parish,  and  has  been  served  by  the  priests  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Wellsboro,  services 
being  held  on  the  second  Sunday  of  each  month.  The  Polish  members  of  the  church 
are  ministered  to  by  Eev.  Father  Lopansld,  of  Antrim,  who  holds  services  on  the 
third  Sunday  of  each  month.  There  is  connected  with  this  church  a  branch  of  the 
Catholic  Total  Abstinence  and  Benevolent  Association,  with  twenty  members. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  secret  and  benevolent  orders  are  represented  as  follows:  Hoytville  Lodge, 
No.  663, 1.  0.  0.  P.,  was  organized  September  38, 1887,  with  thirty-two  members.  It 
owns  a  hall  building  erected  in  the  fall  of  1893,  costing  with  the  furniture,  $4,400. 
The  lower  story  is  used  as  a  public  hall  and  is  fitted  up  with  a  stage.  Stella  Ara- 
minta  Lodge,  Daughters  of  Eebekah,  was  organized  October  38, 1893,  with  fifty-five 
charter  members.  It  meets  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  hall  and  has  now  a  membership  of 
sixty-one.  Morris  Tent,  'Eo.  315,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized  January  30,  1894,  and 
has  forty-two  members.  It  meets  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  hall.  Lorenton  Grange,  No. 
1,095,  P.  of  H.,  with  about  fifty  members,  meets  at  Lorenton,  where  it  erected  a 
two-story  frame  hall  building  in  1896.  A  post  of  the  G.  A.  E.  and  a  camp  of  the  P. 
0.  S.  of  A.  meet  in  Morris. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOFEICES. 

Morris  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  on  Babb's  creek^ 
near  the  mouth  of  Wilson  creek.  The  first  settler  here  was  Samson  Babb,  who  lo- 
cated in  1800,  and  built  a  flutter-wheel  saw-mill  in  1806.  This  mill  was  continued  in 
operation  after  Samson  Babb's  death,  in  1815,  for  many  years  by  his  son  William 
Babb.  A  postoffice  was  established  in  1840,  William  Babb  being  the  flrst  post- 
master. His  successors  have  been  Samuel  Doane,  William  W.  Babb,  A.  L.  Bodine, 
Mr.  Sweeney,  W.  W.  Tate,  E.  E.  Kelts,  A.  Leonard,  E.  E.  Kelts  and  Thomas  J. 
Birmingham,  who  was  appointed  December  30,  1895.  William  Babb  was  also  the 
first  inn  keeper,  opening  a  house  for  the  entertainment  of  the  traveling  public  over 
sixty  years  ago.  William  W.  Babb  was  an  '-'inn-keeper"  in  1850  and  for  a  number 
of  years  thereafter.  His  house  stood  near  the  Black  Hotel,  now  managed  by  E.  A. 
Kennedy.  During  the  intervening  years  he  has  had  a  number  of  successors.  There 
are  now  in  Morris  four  hotels,  as  follows:  The  Black  Hotel,  kept  by  E.  A.  Kennedy; 
the  Park  Hotel,  by  C.  Porter;  the  Walker  House,  by  B.  P.  Walker,  and  the  Tunney 
House,  by  Luke  Tunney.  The  first  store  in  the  neighborhood  was  kept  by  Job  Doane 
during  the  time  of  the  Civil  War,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  below  the  village,  near 
the  mouth  of  Stony  Fork  creek.  The  early  merchants  in  the  village  itself  were 
Ichabod  Brown  and  William  W.  Babb,  who  were  in  business  in  1866.  Since  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Arnot  and  Pine  Creek  railroad  in  1883,  of  which  Hoytville  is  the 


492  HISTOKT    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


termimis,  Morris  has  grown  rapidly,  and  has  been  and  still  is  an  important  business 
and  trading  center.  Daily  stages  carry  the  mail  and  passengers  to  and  from  Black- 
wells,  connecting  with  the  trains  on  the  Pine  Creek  railway,  and  to  and  from  Antrim, 
connecting  with  the  trains  on  the  Wellsboro  and  Antrim  railwcy.  A  daily  stage  also 
runs  between  Morris  and  Liberty. 

Blackwells,  the  name  of  the  railroad  station  and  village,  Lloyd  being  the  name  of 
the  postoffice,  is  situated  on  Pine  creek,  at  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  within  a  mile  of 
the  Lycoming  county  line.     The  first  settler  here  was  Enoch  Blackwell,  who  came 
from  Oregon  Hill,  Lycoming  county,  in  1811,  hairing  previously  purchased  a  body  of 
1,300  acres  of  timbered  land  lying  along  Pine  creek,  both  above  and  below  the  present 
village  site.    When  he  came  on  to  the  land  he  found  it  occupied  by  A.  P.  Harris  - 
George  Bonnell,  who  had  but  a  squatter's  right,  and  who  appear  to  have  quietly 
yielded  possession.    Mr.  Blackwell  engaged  in  lumbering,  rafting  the  pine  timber 
down  Pine  creek  to  the  Susquehanna  river.    He  died  at  Jersey  Shore  in  the  spring  of 
1816,  and  in  the  following  year  his  son,  William,  became  a  resident  at  Blackwells  and 
the  foTmder  of  the  village,  which  is  still  the  home  of  his  sons,  George,  Enoch  and 
William,  and  a  number  of  their  children.     He,  like  his  father,  followed  lumbering, 
clearing  enough  of  land  in  the  Pine   Creek  valley  to  raise  such  farm  products  as 
were  needed  by  his  family.    As  early  ss  1825  a  man  named  Jacob  Warren  had  a  small 
store  below  the  present  village.    He  also  erected  a  small  flutter-wheel  mill.    About 
1844  Horace  Williston,  a  lumberman,  opened  a  store  in  the  village.     Other  early 
merchants  were  John  Chadwick  and  A.  C.  Bush.    About  1864  Enoch  and  William 
Blackwell  opened  a  store  which  has  been  continued  down  to  the  present  time  and  is 
now  kept  by  Eugene  B.  Blackwell.    A  general  store  is  also  kept  by  Jacob  Brodhead, 
and  a  drug-store  by  Dr.  William  Blackwell.     A  postoffice  called  Lloyd  was  estab- 
lished in  1862.    Enoch  Blackwell,  the  first  postmaster,  was  succeeded  by  Jacob  Brod- 
head, and  he  in  1889  by  Eugene  B.  Blackwell.     Mr.  Brodhead,  who  now  holds  the 
office,  was  re-appointed  in  1893.    William  Blackwell  opened  a  hotel  about  1825  and 
kept  it  until  his  death  in  1859.     The  hotel  known  as  the  Gillespie  House,  was  erected 
by  William  P.  Blackwell  in  1882,  and  was  kept  by  him  for  four  years.    His  successor 
was  Edwin  Gregory.    The  present  landlord,  J.  M.  Gillespie,  purchased  the  property 
in  1887.     The  Eailroad  Hotel  was  built  in  1884  and  was  kept  for  a  time  by  Matthew 
Love.     The  present  landlord  is  J.  H.  Barton.     Blackwells  is  a  station  on  the  Pine 
Creek  railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Fall  Brook  system.     A  daily  stage  carries  mail  and 
passengers  to  and  from  Hoytville  and  Morris. 

Hoytville  is  the  name  of  a  village  which  adjoins  Morris  on  the  southwest,  and 
Hke  it  lies  in  the  valley  of  Babb's  creek.  The  beginning  of  its  history  dates  to  the  fall 
of  1880,  when  Hoyt  Brothers,  of  New  York,  purchased  a  large  body  of  land,  heavily 
timbered  with  hemlock,  lying  on  both  sides  of  Babb's  creek,  with  a  view  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  steam  tannery.  A  site  was  selected  and  operations  begun  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1880.  The  grinding  of  bark  and  the  tanning  of  leather  was  begun  in  Septem- 
ber, 1881,  but  the  mammoth  plant,  which  was  named  the  Brunswick  Tannery,  was  not 
completed  and  in  full  operation  before  January  1,  1882.  At  the  time  of  its'comple- 
tion  it  was  the  largest  steam  tannery  in  the  world.  It  is  devoted  to  the  production  of 
non-acid  hemlock-tanned  sole  leather,  and  has  a  capacity  of  1,000  sides  per  day. 
When  running  with  a  full  force — inside  and  out— it  affords  employment  for  over 


DUNCAN    TOWNSHIP.  493 


300  hands.  To  provide  homes  for  its  employes  the  company  erected  nearly  100 
dwellings  and  a  boarding  house.  It  also  erected  a  store,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  f  eed-mUl  and  blacksmith  and  carpenters'  shops.  The  tannery  was  run  by  Hoyt 
Brothers  untn  May  1, 1893,  since  which  time  it  has  been  operated  by  the  Union  Tan- 
ning Company.  The  tamiery  is  in  charge  ol  A.  E.  Spicer,  superintendent.  The  fore- 
men are  George  W.  Darby,  E.  L.  Kingsbury  and  W.  L.  English.  In  1883  Hoyt 
Brothers  joined  with  the  Blossburg  Coal  and  Mining  Company  in  building  a  line  of 
railroad,  known  as  the  Amot  and  Pine  Creek  railroad — ^from  Arnot  to  Hoytville — its 
present  terminus,  thus  enabling  not  only  the  owners  of  the  tannery  to  ship  its  product 
to  market,  but  giving  the  village  of  Morris  the  advantage  of  railroad  facilities.  The 
company  store  was  managed  by  an  agent  until  1893,  since  which  time  the  business  has 
been  carried  on  by  Darby  &  Frutiger,  the  firm  consisting  of  S.  D.  Darby  and  John 
Frutiger.  A  postoffice  was  established  in  January,  1893,  and  named  Hoytville. 
The  office  of  postmaster  has  been  held  by  0.  F.  Taylor,  S.  S.  Van  Etten,  A.  E.  Spicer 
and  John  Frutiger,  the  present  incumbent. 

Lorenton  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  on  the  Lycoming  county  line,  almost  due 
south  from  Morris.  It  was  established  in  July,  1891.  The  postmaster  is  Hiram  G. 
Mattoon,  who  also  keeps  a  general  store.     A  grange  hall  is  located  here. 


CHAPTEE  XLL 

DUNCAlSr  TOWNSHIP. 

Deeivation  of  Name— Organization — Area — Boundaries — Altitude— Popula- 
tion—Justices— The  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company— The  Village  of  Antrim- 
Hotels  —  Postmasters  —  Schools  —  Physicians  —  Societies  —  Churches- 
Villages. 


DUNCAN"  township,  named  in  honor  of  Duncan  S.  Magee,  was  organized  in  De- 
cember, 1873,  and  was  taken  from  Delmar,  Charleston  and  Morris  townships. 
It  is  one  of  the  smaller  townships  in  the  county,  and  contains  between  twenty  and 
twenty-five  square  miles.  Delmar  and  Charleston  townships  bound  it  on  the  north, 
Bloss  and  Morris  on  the  east  and  south,  and  Morris  and  Delmar  on  the  west.  Its 
lands  are  nearly  all  owned  by  the  the  Pall  Brook  Coal  Company,  its  population,  except 
a  few  families  living  on  farms  and  in  the  village  of  Summit,  in  the  northern  part, 
being  confined  to  the  mining  town  of  Antrim.  Its  area,  the  greater  portion  of  which 
is  underlaid  with  semi-bituminous  coal,  is  rugged  and  mountainous,  the  elevation  at 
Antrim  being  1,672  feet  and  that  at  Summit  1,863  feet  above  tidewater.     In  1880 


494  HISTOBY    OF   TIOGA    OOUNTT. 

the  township  had  1,791  inhabitants,  and  in  1890,  2,449.  The  following  named  per- 
sons have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  of  the  township  since  its  organization: 
Isaac  S.  Marshall,  1874;  William  Clark,  1874;  David  W.  Jenkins,  1879;  James  W. 
Donaldson,  1883;  John  Hammond,  1884;  George  W.  Balfour,  1884;  re-elected,  1896; 
J.  A.  Vandegrift,  1888;  Eleazer  Jones,  1889;  re-elected,  1894. 

THE  FALL  BEOOK  COAL  COMPANY. 

The  preliminary  investigations  which  led  to  the  opening  of  the  coal  mines  at 
Antrim  were  begun  in  May,  1866,  by  Thomas  Farrer  and  John  Smith,  two  experi- 
enced explorers  and  woodsmen,  in  the  employ  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  at 
Fall  Brook.  Their  explorations,  which  were  continued  during  the  year,  were  carried 
on  in  the  mountain  regions  near  the  headwaters  of  Wilson  creek,  on  lands  owned  by 
William  Bache,  and  resulted  in  the  finding  of  coal  in  what  they  believed  to  be  paying 
quantities.  Their  favorable  report  led  to  the  securing  of  the  land  by  Duncan  S. 
Magee  and  Humphries  Brewer  for  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  and  to  the  building 
of  a  log  house  for  the  use  of  the  explorers,  while  engaged  in  further  explorations, 
which  were  continued  during  1867-68,  with  such  successful  and  gratifying  results, 
that  it  was  determined  to  build  a  line  of  railroad  from  Lawrenceville  to  the  new 
coal  field. 

On  AprU  4, 1867,  the  Lawrenceville  and  Wellsboro  Eailroad  Company  was  incor- 
porated, with  Humphries  Brewer,  of  Fall  Brook,  president,  and  James  Heron,  also- 
of  Fall  Brook,  secretary  and  treasurer.  A  preliminary  survey  was  begun  under  Mr. 
Brewer's  direction,  September  23, 1867,  by  Anton  Hardt,  civil  engineer.  Mr.  Brewer 
died  December  25,  1867,  and  was  succeeded  as  president  by  Hon.  Henry  Sherwood, 
of  Wellsboro,  who  filled  that  position  until  the  completion  of  the  road  from  Law- 
renceville to  Wellsboro — a  distance  of  twenty-four  miles — in  May,  1872.  On  October 
38,  of  the  same  year,  it  was  completed  to  Antrim,  the  new  mining  town  on  Wilson 
creek,  the  contractors  for  the  entire  line  being  Gen.  James  Ward  &  Company,  of 
Towanda,  Pennsylvania. 

Duncan  S.  Magee  died  in  the  spring  of  1869,  and  was  succeeded  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  by  Gen.  George  J.  Magee,  under  whose 
direction  the  survey  and  location  of  the  railroad  was  completed,  a  steam  saw-mill 
erected  and  the  work  of  opening  up  the  mines  and  providing  houses  for  the  miners- 
begun  and  carried  forward  until  everything  was  in  readiness  for  the  mining  and 
shipment  of  coal,  which  was  begun  upon  the  completion  of  the  railroad.  During  1873^ 
the  product  of  the  mines  amounted  to  11,366  tons.  Since  then  mining  has  been 
carried  on  continuously,  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons  of  coal  being  mined  and 
shipped  annually,  furnishing  employment  for  a  large  number  of  miners  and  work- 
men and  profitable  traffic  for  the  railway  leading  from  the  mines  to  Lawrenceville. 
Within  the  past  few  years  there  has  been  a  marked  falling  off  in  production  and  a  con- 
sequent reduction  in  the  number  of  employes,  owing  principally  to  the  opening  up 
of  new  mines  in  Clearfield  county,  where  the  coal  is  more  easily  and  more  cheaply 
mined. 

William  Howell,  the  resident  manager  of  this  company,  has  filled  that  position 
since  1883,  for  eight  years  previous  to  which  he  was  the  paymaster.  James  Pollock 
has  filled  the  position  of  mining  superintendent  since  1883.    His  son,  Alexander- 


DUNCAN    TOWNSHIP.  495 

Pollock,  and  Morgan  Davis  are  mine  foremen,  E.  S.  Harrower  is  outside  foreman, 
and  C.  E.  Burgess  chute  foreman.  The  store  is  in  charge  of  William  Howell,  Jr., 
with  W.  W.  Forest  buyer  and  D.  M.  Edwards  book-keeper.  0.  E.  Crediford  fills  the 
position  of  station  agent  and  is  also  postmaster,  while  the  steam  ssaw-mill  is  in  charge 
of  A.  C.  Dudgeon. 

THE  VILLAGE  OF  ANTEIM. 

Antrim  is  situated  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township,  near  the  head- 
waters of  Wilson  creek,  and  its  history  dates  from  the  building  of  the  Lawrenceville 
and  Wellsboro  railroad  and  the  opening  of  the  coal  mines  by  the  Fall  Brook  Coal 
Company.  In  1868,  while  the  explorations  of  Thomas  Faxrer  and  his  party  were  in 
progress,  the  site  of  the  village  was  visited  by  Duncan  S.  Magee,  Hon.  Daniel  E. 
Howell,  of  Bath,  New  York;  Gen.  George  J.  Magee,  John  Lang  and  Charles  Craw- 
ford, of  Watkins,  New  York;  Hon.  Charles  C.  B.  Walker  and  A.  H.  Gorton,  of 
Corning,  JSTew  York;  John  Magee,  Jr.,  S.  S.  EUsworth,  of  Penn  Yan,  and  Anton 
Hardt,  John  Smith  and  B.  P.  Cummings,  of  Fall  Brook.  The  purpose  of  their  visit 
was  to  note  the  progress  of  the  work  and  to  christen  the  village.  The  party  accord- 
ingly gathered  round  one  of  the  springs  nearby,  while  Duncan  S.  Magee,  after  dip- 
ping a  glassful!  of  water  from  its  crystal  depth,  named  the  new  village  "Antrim"  in 
honor  of  the  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  "the  native  land  of  the  Magees."  The 
name  was  duly  recorded  after  the  observance  of  appropriate  ceremonies. 

In  December,  1867,  Titus  Drainsfield,  who  is  still  living  in  the  village,  moved 
into  the  log  house  previously  erected  for  the  explorers.  About  the  same  time, 
Thomas  GafEney,  the  first  mining  superintendent,  located  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tain. A  small  building  erected  for  a  blacksmith-shop,  for  the  purpose  of  repairing 
the  tools  of  the  explorers,  was  soon  afterwards  occupied  by  Solomon  Eosenkrans. 
These  three  men  and  their  families  constituted  the  pioneers  of  the  place.  Most  of 
the  early  miners  who  followed  them  came  from  Fall  Brook,  where  they  had  been  in 
the  employ  of  the  company. 

During  1870,  Drift  No.  1,  the  opening  of  which  is  in  the  southeastern  part  of 
the  village,  was  put  in  under  the  direction  of  Thomas  GafEney.  A  steam  saw-mill — 
the  boilers  for  which  were  drawn  overland  on  sleighs  from  Tioga — was  completed 
early  in  1871,  and  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  July,  1873.  It  was  replaced  by  a  portable 
mill.  On  January  1,  1871,  there  were  ten  dwellings  in  the  village.  In  April,  1871, 
Thomas  Farrer  moved  his  family  from  Fall  Brook,  and  was  followed  in  November 
by  John  Hinman,  the  first  postmaster  and  store  agent.  In  January,  1873,  David 
Cooper,  master  carpenter,  took  charge  of  the  erection  of  tenements  and  chutes,  and 
Isaac  S.  Marshall  succeeded  Mr.  Hinman  as  store  agent,  the  latter  devoting  his  time 
to  his  duties  as  paymaster,  etc.  On  October  38, 1873,  the  railroad  was  completed,  the 
first  train  arriving  in  the  village  being  hauled  by  engine  No.  1,  Joseph  Boyle  en- 
gineer.   John  Wilson  was  the  conductor. 

A  hotel  building  was  erected  by  the  company,  the  first  landlord  being  D.  D. 
Holliday.  This  building,  which  stood  near  the  railroad  depot,  was  burned  in  1883, 
Andrew  K.  Fletcher  being  landlord  at  the  time.  The  present  Antrim  Hotel  was 
erected  the  same  year.  The  landlords  have  been  James  E.  Fish  and  John  P.  Dwyer. 
Mr.  Dwyer  took  charge  in  1888,  an^  has  proven  a  genial  and  popular  landlord. 


496  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

A  postoffice,  named  Antrim,  was  established  soon  after  the  completion  of  the 
railroad,  in  October,  1872,  the  first  postmaster  being  Thomas  Farrer.  His  successors 
have  been  A.  J.  Pollock  and  0.  E.  Crediford,  who  was  appointed  August  4,  1890. 
The  office  is  in  the  railway  station,  Mr.  Crediford  also  filling  the  position  of  station 
agent.    A  daily  mail  is  received  by  rail  from  Wellsboro  and  from  Morris  by  stage. 

The  first  school  in  Antrim  was  established  temporarily  in  a  tenement  house. 
Miss  Ella  Cooper  and  Miss  Mary  Hinman  being  the  early  teachers.  After  the  or- 
ganization of  the  township,  a  school  building  was  erected  and  used  until  1880  when 
the  present  three-room  building  was  completed.  Night  schools  were  also  established 
for  those  who  were  compelled  to  work  during  the  day.  A  district  school  was  erected 
at  Summit  for  the  accommodation  of  pupils  living  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town- 
ship. School  is  maintained  at  Antrim  an  average  of  nine,  and  at  Summit  an  average 
of  six  months  in  the  year. 

Among  the  early  resident  physicians  were  Dr.  Egbert  George  and  Dr.  E.  G. 
Drake.  The  profession  is  now  represented  by  Dr.  W.  D.  Burke  and  Dr.  J.  J.  Van 
"Wert. 

The  following  named  secret  societies  have  lodges  in  Antrim:  Duncan  Lodge, 
No.  968, 1.  0.  0.  P.,  which  was  instituted  December  33, 1879,  and  now  has  119  mem- 
bers; Division  No.  2,  A.  0.  H.,  organized  October  28, 1888,  and  a  K.  of  P.  lodge  with 
a  large  membership,  the  lodge  at  Morris  having  recently  been  merged  with  it. 

CHUEOHES. 

Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  dates  the  beginning  of  its  history  from  a 
service  held  in  the  school  house  in  Antrim  July  24,  1872,  by  Eev.  Charles  Breck, 
D.  D.,  rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  "Wellsboro.  At  the  close  of  the  service  a  meeting 
was  held  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  church.  Dr.  Breck  presided  and  John  Hin- 
man acted  as  secretary.  The  organization  was  effected  and  a  vestry  elected.  The 
early  services  were  held  in  the  paymaster's  office,  John  Hinman  acting  as  lay  reader. 
Sermons  were  read  by  Isaac  S.  Marshall  and  Dr.  E.  Qjorge.  On  April  26, 1873,  John 
Magee,  Jr.,  died,  and  in  his  will  it  was  provided  that  the  sum  of  $50,000  be  expended 
by  his  executors  in  erecting  five  Episcopal  churches,  iq  compliance  with  which  the 
present  handsome  edifice,  costing  $13,000,  was  built.  The  corner  stone  was  laid  in 
July,  1880,  and  the  building  completed  in  1881.  It  was  consecrated  June  6,  1882. 
Eev.  Charles  Breck,  who  established  the  mission,  was  the  first  rector.  In  August, 
1874,  Eev.  John  London,  took  charge.  In  1875  Eev.  Charles  Breck  again  became 
rector.  In  November,  1872,  Eev.  E.  Lansberger  became  the  first  resident  rector. 
His  successors  have  been  Eevs.  Percy  Clinton  "VVebber,  Enos  J.  Balsley,  "W.  L.  Wood- 
ruff, George  Eogers,  J.  U.  Graf,  Lawrence  Buckley  Thomas,  D.  D.,  and  Alexander 
Eenshaw  De"Witt.  On  November  11,  1894,  Eev.  Dr.  Thomas  again  took  charge. 
He  is  also  the  rector  of  St.  Andrews'  church,  Tioga.  There  are  now  ninety  members 
in  this  church,  which  maintains  a  Sunday-school  of  125  pupils,  of  which  James  B. 
Howell  is  superintendent. 

St.  John's  Catholic  Church  is  the  outgrowth  of  monthly  services  held  soon  after 
the  opening  of  the  mines,  by  Eev.  John  "Wynne  and  Eev.  J.  C.  McDermott,  of 
Blossburg.  A  church  edifice  was  erected  in  1877.  Sinc^890,  during  the  pastorate 
of  Eev.  M.  J.  Manly,  the  church  has  been  frescoed,  a  bell  purchased  and  put  in  place 


DUNCAN    TOWNSHIP.  497 


and  other  improvements  made,  the  whole  involving  an  outlay  of  $3,000.  St.  John's 
is  one  of  the  mission  churches  of  St.  Peter's  parish,  Wellsboro,  and  has  been  served 
by  the  pastors  of  that  church.  A  good  Sunday-school  is  maintained,  of  which 
Matthew  Donlan  is  superintendent  and  Miss  Sadie  Wash  assistant.  The  Polish 
members  of  this  church  are  served  by  Eev.  Father  Lopanski. 

The  Baptist  Church  of  Antrim  was  organized  February  20,  1873,  with  about 
twenty  members.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house  until  1884  when  a  house 
of  worship  costing  $1,500  was  erected.  The  first  pastor,  Eev.  G-.  P.  Watrous,  re- 
mained one  year,  after  which  until  1881,  when  Eev.  E.  J.  Thomas  took  charge,  the 
church  was  without  a  regular  pastor.  In  1883  he  was  succeeded  by  Eev.  William 
Young,  who  has  continued  to  serve  until  the  present  time.  He  is  also  the  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Morris  township.  The  church  now  numbers  forty-six  members. 
There  are  sixty-one  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Ira  N.  Grinnell  is  the 
superintendent. 

The  Swedish  Baptist  Church  of  Antrim  was  organized  August  30,  1886,  with 
about  fifteen  members.  Eev.  Karl  Molin,  the  first  pastor,  remained  until  1890.  In 
1893  Eev.  C.  E.  Duohon  took  charge,  remaining  one  year.  In  1894  the  church  dis- 
banded, its  members  uniting  with  the  English  church. 

The  Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Lebanon  Church  was  organized  ISTovember 
6, 1879,  and  has  now  a  membership  of  300.  A  church  building  was  erected  in  1882, 
and  repaired  and  renovated  in  1892.  The  property  is  now  valued  at  $3,500. 
The  following  named  ministers  have  served  as  pastors  of  this  church:  Eevs.  P.  A. 
Bergquist,  1881-82;  A.  Kinett,  1883-84;  E.  J.  ISTordin,  1888-89;  C.  J.  A.  Holmgren, 
1893-95,  and  Eev.  A.  J.  Beausang,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  1896. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Antrim  was  organized  September  24,  1887,  with 
twelve  members  by  Eev.  A.  C.  Shaw,  D.  D.  The  church  worships  in  the  building 
originally  used  by  the  Congregational  society,  now  no  longer  in  existence.  It  has 
been  recently  repaired  and  improved.  Eev.  E.  Eawson  preached  for  the  society 
during  1887.  Eev.  T.  Gr.  Jones,  a  Congregationalist  minister,  preached  from 
November,  1880,  until  November,  1890.  Eev.  David  Craft,  also  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Lawreneeville,  took  charge  in  1891  and  has  continued  up  to  the  present. 
This  church  now  numbers  thirty-three  members,  with  a  Sunday-school  of  thirty-five 
pupils,  of  which  James  Pollock  is  the  superintendent. 

TILLAGES. 

Brownlee  Postoffice,  or  Summit,  as  the  name  of  the  station  is  called,  is  situated 
near  the  northern  line  of  the  township.  The  postofiice  was  established  here  in 
September,  1888.  John  Bradley,  the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  June, 
1889,  when  N.  W.  Hallock,  the  present  incumbent,  was  appointed.  The  works  of 
the  Antrim  Sand  Company  are  located  here.  This  company  was  incorporated 
March  21,  1888,  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  sand  for  glass  making  and  for 
use  on  locomotive  engines,  from  sand  rock.  The  incorporators  were  John  W.  Bailey, 
president;  Isaac  P.  Borden,  vice-president;  Eobert  J.  Borden,  secretary  and  treasurer, 
and  Eobert  Brownlee,  superintendent.  The  product  of  t>e  works  is  shipped  to 
Corning  and  other  points. 


CHAPTEE  XLII. 

TIOGA  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization  —  Reductions  of  Area — Physical  Features  —  Streams  —  Popu- 
lation—Pioneer Settlers  —  Early  Enterprises  —  Schools  and  Justices- 
Churches  and  Cemeteries— Villages  and  Postoffices. 


IE"  the  year  1797  the  territory  now  embraced  within  the  limits  of  Tioga  county, 
then  a  part  of  Lycoming  county,  was  erected  into  a  township,  named  Tioga.  The 
act  of  the  legislature  of  March  26, 1804,  erected  this  township  into  a  separate  county, 
consisting  of  one  township,  also  named  Tioga.  The  act  of  April  3,  1804,  made  the 
township  a  separate  election  district,  and  provided  that  "the  electors  thereof  shall 
hold  their  elections  at  the  house  now  occupied  by  Thomas  Berry,  in  said  township." 
In  1805  the  township  of  Delmar  was  organized,  and  was  constituted  a  new  election 
district  by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  April  11,  1807,  which  provided  that 
"the  electors  thereof  shall  hold  their  elections  at  the  house  of  Joshua  Emlin." 
This  division  gave  Delmar  three-fifths  of  the  territory  of  the  county,  on  the  west, 
and  Tioga  two-fifths,  on  the  east.  In  February,  1815,  Covington  township  was 
taken  from  Tioga.  It  embraced  the  present  township  of  Eichmond,  and  all  the 
southeastern  part  of  the  county.  In  September,  1815,  the  township  of  Jackson, 
also  taken  from  Tioga,  was  created.  It  comprised  a  portion  of  the  present  town- 
ship of  Eutland,  and  of  the  northeastern  part  of  the  county.  In  1816  Lawrence 
township,  taken  from  the  northern  portion  of  Tioga,  and  eastern  part  of  Elkland, 
was  created.  By  these  several  reductions  of  its  original  area,  Tioga  township  was 
established  within  its  present  limits. 

It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Lawrence  township,  on  the  east  by  Jackson  and 
Rutland,  on  the  south  by  Eichmond,  and  on  the  west  by  Middlebury  and  Farm- 
ington.  It  is  nearly  square,  being  about  six  and  three-quarters  miles  from  east  to 
west  and  six  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  contains  about  forty  square  miles. 
It  is  one  of  the  hilly  townships  of  the  county.  The  hills,  especially  in  the  southern 
part,  are  bold  and  rugged,  and  the  valleys,  except  those  of  Crooked  creek  and  the 
Tioga  river,  below  Tioga  borough,  narrow  and  restricted.  The  cultivable  area  is 
somewhat  Hmited  by  reason  of  this  rugged  conformation,  but  Tioga  is,  nevertheless, 
a  good  agricultural  township.  Its  upland  and  valley  soils  are  fertile  and  fruitful, 
the  latter  being  especially  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  tobacco,  the  production 
of  which  has  greatly  increased  within  the  past  few  years.  The  township  is  well 
watered,  its  principal  stream  being  the  Tioga  river,  which  flows  centrally  through 
it  from  south  to  north.  Mill  creek,  which  enters  the  township  near  the  south- 
eastern comer,  flows  northwest  and  unites  with  the  Tioga  two  miles  above  Tioga 
borough.     Crooked  creek  pursues  a  winding  course  through  the  western  part  of  the 


TIOGA    TOWNSHIP.  499 


township,  and  empties  into  the  Tioga  at  the  northern  end  of  Tioga  borough.  A 
half  mile  lower  down  it  receives  the  waters  of  Bear  creek,  while  Mitchell's  creek, 
which  drains  the  northeastern  quarter  of  the  township,  unites  with  the  Tioga  half 
a  mile  south  of  the  Lawrence  township  line.  Each  of  these  streams  receive  smaller 
runs  or  branches,  which  add  to  the  picturesqueness  and  diversity  of  the  scenery 
and  contribute  to  the  productiveness  and  fertility  of  the  soil. 

In  population  and  wealth  the  township  has  grown  steadily,  and  among  its 
citizenship  are  many  well-to-do  farmers  who  owe  their  prosperity  to  intelligent  and 
well-directed  industry.  Not  a  few  are  direct  descendants  of  the  first  settlers,  and 
live  on  the  land  taken  up  and  cleared  by  their  grandparents  or  great-grandparents 
a  century  ago.  It  has  taken  the  industry  of  three  generations  to  subdue  forests, 
clear  fields  of  stones  and  stumps  and  rear  the  comfortable  homes  and  needful  farm 
buildings  that  greet  the  eye  on  every  hand.  The  transformation  has  been  gradual, 
but  the  results  achieved  have  made  the  township  the  abiding  place  of  a  people 
known  to  be  earnest,  industrious,  progressive  and  prosperous.  In  1840  the  town- 
ship contained  791  inhabitants;  in  1870,  1,074;   1880,  1,258;    1890,  1,434. 

PIONEEE    SETTLERS. 

The  first  settlers  within  the  township  boundaries  were  Jesse  Losey  and  the 
Eoberts  family — mention  of  whom  is  made  in  the  chaptej"  devoted  to  Tioga  borough. 
Following  them  came  Thomas  and  Eiehard  Mitchell,  who  settled  at  Mitchell's  Creek 
as  early  as  1793.  Edsell  Mitchell,  oldest  son  of  Kichard,  was  born  here  August  37, 
1793,  and  was  reputed  to  be  the  first  white  child  born  in  Tioga  county.*  Robert, 
another  brother,  came  a  few  years  later.  The  Mitchells  were  from  Orange  county, 
New  Jersey.  Benajah  Ives — ^mention  of  whom  is  made  in  the  Tioga  borough  chapter 
— came  into  the  county  about  1794.  A  year  later  he  was  followed  by  his  three 
brothers,  Timothy,  Titus  and  John,  and  by  his  uncle,  also  named  John.  Timothy 
settled  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  John,  the  nephew,  on  what  was  afterwards 
known  as  the  Lyman  Adams  place,  while  "Uncle  John"  located  within  the  borough 
limits.  Titus  does  not  appear  to  have  made  a  location.  A  few  years  later  he 
removed  to  the  Cowanesque  valley  and  became  a  pioneer  settler  in  Brookfield  town- 
ship, where  his  descendants  still  reside.  Eufus  Adams,  who  settled  on  the  Tioga 
river,  above  Mitchell's  Creek,  came  as  early  as  1794.  Jacob  Kiphart  and  his  family 
came  from  Lycoming  county,  over  the  Williamson  road,  in  1794  or  1795.  His 
son,  Jacob,  born,  according  to  his  reckoning,  November  39,  1779,  at  Pine  Grove, 
Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  lived  to  the  remarkable  age  of  104  years,  and  his  sister, 
Betsey,  to  be  nearly  100  years  old.  Among  those  who  also  came  here  in  1794  or 
1795,  but  whose  residence  was  of  a  temporary  character,  were  a  Mr.  Carter  and  his 
son,  William,  and  Job  Squires,  Asa  Stiles  and  a  Mr.  Heed.  George  Prekay,  "a  very 
singular  and  eccentric  man,"  and  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Holland,  came 
in  1796,  and  settled  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga  river,  below  Jacob  Kiphart. 
He  built  a  rude  hut  on  the  east  bank  of  Bear  creek,  and  had  a  cave  in  a  knoll  near 
by,  in  which  he  slept.  He  was  well  educated,  and  read  the  English  and  German 
languages,  but  would  never  disclose  his  parentage  or  the  place  of  his  birth.     He 

*  It  is  now  known  that  two  daughters  and  a  son  were  bom  to  Samuel  Baker  at  his  cabin  home  on  the  site 
of  Lawrenceville  prior  to  1794. 


500  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

died  in  1813,  at  the  house  of  Jacob  Prutsman.  It  has  been  surmised,  from  certain 
relies  found  among  his  effects,  that  he  was  a  member  of  a  noble,  if  not  a  royal, 
family. 

Nathan  ISTiles  came  from  Connecticut  in  September,  1796,  and  settled  on  the 
spot  where  his  grandson,  Van  Buren  Daily,  now  lives,  a  short  distance  below  the 
mouth  of  Mill  creek.  His  grandson,  Augustus  E.  ISTiles,  lives  on  a  portion  of  the 
old  homestead.  Colin  Van  Camp,  who  came  about  the  same  time  or  soon  after, 
settled  on  a  part  of  the  Crozier  tract,  and  erected  a  house  on  the  spot  where  the 
residence  of  D.  L.  Aiken  now  stands.  Elijah  Burley,  a  preacher,  was  here  prior 
to  1800,  and  lived  in  a  log  house  at  the  head  of  the  "Cove."  Aaron  Gillet  came  with 
his  parents  from  Towanda,  Pennsylvania,  in  1797,  when  nine  years  old.  They  set- 
tled at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  where  they  built  a  small  distillery  and  a  grist-mill, 
the  latter  being  the  first  in  the  county.  It  was  shortly  afterwards  carried  away 
by  a  flood.  The  family  then  moved  to  Cherry  Plats.  Their  descendants  now  live 
in  Eiehmond  and  Covington  townships.  Mcholas  Prutsman,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Prutsman  family  in  this  county,  came  here  in  1802  from  South  Smithfield  town- 
ship, Iforthampton  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  what  was  afterwards  known 
as  the  DePui  farm,  on  the  Tioga  river.  He  was  followed  in  1804:  by  his  sons,  Jacob, 
Nicholas  and  Adam.  Peggy  Boher,  a  widow,  and  her  daughter,  Eleanor,  came 
before  Nicholas  Prutsman.  The  mother's  name  appears  upon  the  assessment  list 
for  1800.  John  Gordon  came  into  Lawrence  township  previous  to  1803,  and 
purchased  quite  a  large  body  of  land.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Tioga  town- 
ship and  for  several  years  kept  a  wayside  inn  on  the  west  side  of  the  "Cove."  Maj. 
William  Eathbone,  a  brother-in-law  of  John  Gordon,  came  about  the  same  time. 
Maj.  William  Bentley  came  here  from  Chemung  county.  New  York,  in  April,  1806, 
and  settled  on  the  Crozier  tract,  north  of  Colin  Van  Camp,  near  Mitchell's  Creek. 
Elijah  DePui  was  here  previous  to  April  14,  1806,  on  which  date  his  son,  Thomas, 
was  born.  He  settled  on  the  Tioga  river,  just  below  Nicholas  Prutsman,  a  portion 
of  whose  claim  he  bought.  Capt.  Lyman  Adams  arrived  in  Tioga  from  Tinmouth, 
Eutland  county,  Vermont,  July  4,  1804,  lived  for  awhile  in  a  house  of  Dr.  Wil- 
lard's,  and  then  moved  to  what  afterwards  became  known  as  the  Lyman  Adams 
farm.  John  Daily  came  into  the  county  in  1811,  locating  first  at  Beecher's  Island. 
On  Christmas  eve,  1813,  he  married  Violetta,  a  daughter  of  Nathan  Niles,  Sr.,  and 
the  following  spring  settled  on  the  old  Nathan  Niles  homestead,  where  his  son. 
Van  Buren  Daily,  now  lives.  Col.  Ambrose  Millard  came  from  Saratoga  county. 
New  York,  to  Beecher's  Island,  in  1810,  and  in  1812  moved  into  Tioga  township, 
and  bought  the  Eathbone  place.  He  was  prominent  in  the  early  business  and 
political  history  of  the  county.  Ira  McAllister  came  into  the  township  with  Am- 
brose Millard.  The  other  settlers,  previous  to  1830,  were  Eoland  Hall,  who  came 
about  1815;  Ebenezer  Perry  and  his  sons,  Charles  and  Chauncey,  and  Samuel  Tharp 
and  John  S.  Allen,  who  were  here  before  1819. 

When  these  pioneers  settled  here  the  township  was  an  unbroken  wilderness. 
The  deer,  wolf,  bear,  panther  and  other  wild  animals  roamed  at  will  through  the 
forest,  which  had  to  be  cleared  away  before  homes  could  be  built  or  fields  culti- 
vated. Eor  this  work  hardy,  courageous  and  resolute  men  were  needed,  and  such 
were,  as  a  rule,  these  first  settlers.     They  lived  simple,  frugal  and  industrious  lives. 


TIOGA    TOWNSHIP.  501 


and  with  patience  and  fortitude  pushed  forward  the  work  of  establishing  homes 
for  themselves  and  their  descendants,  who  hold  their  memories  in  enduring 
reverence. 

EAELY    ENTEEPEISES. 

The  first  grist-mill  in  the  county  was  built  between  1797  and  1800,  by  the 
father  of  Aaron  Gillet,  near  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek.  Gillet  also  built  a  small  dis- 
tillery about  the  same  time.  They  were  soon  carried  away  by  a  flood  and  the  family 
moved  to  Cherry  Plats.  About  1805  Nicholas  Prutsman  and  his  sons  built  a  grist- 
mill on  the  Tioga  river,  below  Tioga  borough.  A  little  later  Jacob  Prutsman,  the 
oldest  son,  built  a  saw-mill  on  Bear  creek,  on  land  bought  from  George  Prekay. 
This  was  said  to  have  been  the  second  one  erected  ia  the  township.  Dr.  Willard's 
being  the  first.  In  1827  he  constructed  a  dam  across  the  river,  a  short  distance 
below  the  island  on  which  the  borough  is  situated,  and  built  a  new  mill  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  stream.  This,  at  the  time,  was  regarded  as  an  important  and  costly 
enterprise.  Eaits  of  lumber,  and  also  arks  of  grain  and  farm  produce  were  shipped 
from  here  to  the  lower  Susquehanna.  About  1800  Dr.  William  "Willard  built  a 
saw-mill  west  of  the  "Cove,"  on  the  site  of  the  village  of  Tioga,  or  Brooklyn,  as  it 
is  more  frequently  called.  This  was  the  first  saw-mill  in  the  township.  He  after- 
wards built  two  other  mills,  one  east  of  the  first  one,  and  one  on  Crooked  creek. 
The  last  named  was  subsequently  owned  by  William  B.  Kyes,  now  a  resident  of 
Tioga.  About  1833  Samuel  Westbrook  erected  a  distillery,  the  second  in  the  town- 
ship, one  mile  and  a  half  below  the  borough,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Among 
his  assistants  was  Jesse  Losey. 

As  the  entire  township  was  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  pine  and  hemlock, 
lumbering  early  became  an  important  industry,  and  saw-mills  were  erected  wherever 
a  good  water  power  could  be  obtained.  These  mills  were  to  be  found  along  the 
banks  of  the  Tioga  river,  of  Mill  creek.  Crooked  creek.  Bear  creek  and  Mitchell's 
creek,  and  were  operated,  sometimes  with  profit,  sometimes  with  serious  loss  to  their 
owners,  until  the  scarcity  of  pine  and  hemlock  timber  made  their  discontinuance 
necessary. 

SCHOOLS   AND   JUSTICES. 

About  the  year  1816  a  school  house  was  erected  on  the  Major  Bentley  place,  near 
Mitchell's  Creek.  Like  the  other  early  schools  in  the  township,  it  was  supported 
by  subscription.  Andrew  Pickard,  Dennis  Hawes  and  other  pioneer  teachers 
taught  in  this  school.  Among  the  early  teachers  after  the  adoption  of  the  public 
school  system  were  Julia  Ann  Amsbry,  now  Mrs.  A.  K.  Purman,  of  Gaines  township; 
Lydia  Ann  Humphrey  and  S.  M.  Broakman.  Mrs.  Mary  D.  Miller,  wife  of  C.  P. 
Miller,  whose  farm  is  a  part  of  the  original  Bentley  place,  taught  here  in  1846. 
A  short  time  after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  a  school  buUding  was  erected  at 
Mitchell's  Creek,  and  the  school  on  the  Bentley  place  discontinued.  Early  schools 
were  also  established  on  Crooked  creek  and  near  the  month  of  Mill  creek.  There 
are  now  ten  public  school  buildings  in  the  township,  in  which  winter  and  summer 
terms  of  school  are  taught  and  competent  teachers  employed. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  original  area  of  the  township  was  co-extensive  with 
the  county,  and  that  it  was  not  until  1816  that  it  was  reduced  to  its  present  area. 


502  HISTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

the  early  justices  exercised  authority  over  a  wide  jurisdiction.  Even  after  most 
of  the  townships  were  established  within  their  present  boundaries,  justices  of  the 
peace,  as  a  rule,  exercised  jurisdiction  over  two  or  more  townships.  After  the 
Constitution  of  1838,  which  made  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  an  elective  one 
and  limited  the  term  to  five  years,  each  borough  and  each  township  became  a  sep- 
arate justice  of  the  peace  district,  so  to  speak,  the  change  necessitating  a  marked 
increase  in  the  number  of  justices.  Before  the  office  became  an  elective  one  justices 
of  the  peace  were  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  held  during  good  behavior.  The 
first  justice  of  the  peace  appointed  for  Tioga  township  was  Nathan  Niles,  Sr.,  who 
was  commissioned  January  7,  1808.  Elijah  Putnam,  the  next  appointed,  was  com- 
missioned by  Gov.  Simon  Snyder,  March  9,  1813.  Daniel  Lamb  and  William 
Rose,  the  one  a  pioneer  of  Eichmond  and  the  other  of  Rutland  township,  were 
appointed  and  commissioned  March  15,  of  the  same  year,  for  Tioga  township,  giving 
the  township,  as  then  constituted,  three  justices  of  the  peace.  The  succeeding 
justices  were  commissioned  as  follows:  Ambrose  Millard,  1816;  Elijah  DePui,  1819; 
Levi  Vail,  1825;  William  Willard,  Jr.,  1827;  Jonah  Brewster,  March,  1830;  William 
Garretson,  1831;  elected  in  1855  and  1860;  Horace  Frizelle,  1833;  Horace  E. 
Spencer,  1833;  Joseph  Clark,  1835;  Calvin  Cowley,  1835;  Erastus  W.  Derow, 
1836;  Clark  Stilwell,  1836;  Charles  Spencer,  1836;  Lewis  Meade,  1836;  Curtis 
Parkhurst,  1838;  Carpenter  H.  Place,  1838;  re-elected  in  1840,  1850,  1855  and 
1860;  Joseph  Aiken,  1841;  re-elected  in  1846;  Henry  E.  Smith,  1845;  J.  G.  Put- 
nam, 1851;  C.  J.  Humphrey,  1861;  Charles  P.  Swan,  1864;  William  T.  Urell,  1865; 
re-elected,  1873,  1878,  1883  and  1890;  John  W.  Guernsey,  1867;  Charles  H.  Sey- 
mour, 1868;  William  J.  Mann,  1870;  Horace  S.  Johnston,  1875;  John  Stevens, 
1881;  D.  C.  Kimball,  1886;  W.  C.  Phelps,  1887;  R.  P.  H.  McAllister,  1889;  W. 
0.  Russell,  1894;  D.  C.  Kimball,  1895;  V.  D.  McAllister,  1897. 

CHUECHES    AND    CEMETEEIES. 

The  Free  Methodist  Church,  at  Painter  Run,  is  the  only  religious  organization 
in  the  township.  It  was  organized  in  1885,  and  among  the  original  members  were 
Lewis  Wilson,  George  Jones,  Mary  Brace  and  D.  Jones.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  church:  Revs.  W.  J.  Riker,  1886  and 
1887;  W.  J.  Sitzer,  1888;  L.  Kelly,  1889;  Mr.  Salsburg,  1890;  J.  A.  Tholens,  1891 
and  1892;  0.  S.  Baker,  1893  and  1894,  and  W.  J.  Sitzer,  the  present  pastor.  The 
present  membership  is  thirty-six.  A  Sunday-school  with  thirty-five  members  is 
maintained,  of  which  John  Brace  is  the  superintendent.  A  neat  frame  church 
building,  costing  $1,000,  was  dedicated  October  27,  1895. 

An  Indian  Burying  Ground  was  discovered  at  the  northern  end  of  the  island 
on  which  the  borough  of  Tioga  is  situated,  at  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  bridge 
over  Crooked  creek.  Some  ten  or  twelve  skeletons  of  large  size  were  unearthed. 
In  1838,  when  the  railroad  was  graded,  Indian  remains  were  also  found  near  the 
foot  of  Daily  hill,  below  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek. 

Family  Burying  Grounds,  in  which  rest  the  remains  of  many  of  the  old  pioneers, 
are  to  be  found  in  various  parts  of  the  township.  The  oldest  of  these  is  the  Berry 
graveyard  situated  some  twenty  rods  east  of  the  lower  river  bridge.      Here  were 


TIOGA    TOWNSHIP.  503 


buried  the  remains  of  a  child  of  Thomas  Berry,  that  died  January  17,  1803,  and 
of  Thomas  Berry  himself,  who  died  April  17, 1807,  as  well  as  other  members  of  the 
family.  The  Van  Camp  burying  ground  on  the  D.  L.  Aiken  place  contains  the 
remains  of  members  of  the  Van  Gamp,  Allen  and  Kiphart  families.  In  the  Bentley 
burying  round,  on  the  old  Major  Bentley  place,  are  the  graves  of  several  members 
of  the  Bentley  family.  Here  also  were  buried  John  Gordon,  his  daughter,  Mareia, 
who  died  November  8,  1810,  aged  twenty  years;  the  mother  of  Col.  Ambrose  Mil- 
lard, and  Obadiah  Inscho,  a  pioneer  of  Lawrence  township.  The  Mitchell  grave- 
yard lies  on  a  knoll  east  of  the  old  "William  Mitchell  farm  house.  Here  were  buried 
Robert  Mitchell  and  his  wife,  Abigail  (Ives)  Mitchell,  and  also  John  Inscho  and  his 
wife.  In  the  Timothy  Ives  graveyard,  near  the  residence  of  Jacob  Westbrook,  on 
the  Wellsboro  road,  were  buried  the  remains  of  John  Ives  and  other  members  of  the 
Ives  family.  Over  one  hundred  interments  were  made  in  this  burying  ground.  The 
Mill  creek  or  Guernsey  cemetery,  situated  on  the  point  of  a  hill,  below  the  mouth 
of  Mill  creek,  is  the  resting  place  of  members  of  the  Mies,  Guernsey,  Adams,  Daily, 
Keeney  and  other  families.  The  old  Tioga  village  cemetery,  on  the  Wellsboro  road, 
half  a  mile  west  of  the  borough,  was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1839.  It  contains  over 
one  hundred  graves. 

Evergreen  Cemetery,  incorporated  December  9,  1863,  is  situated  a  little  over 
half  a  mile  west  of  the  borough,  on  a  series  of  alluvial  knolls.  It  contains  twenty 
acres  of  ground,  is  well  laid  out  and  well  cared  for.  Transfers  to  this  cemetery  have 
been  made,  from  time  to  time,  of  remains  buried  in  the  various  family  graveyards 
throughout  the  township.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  fence  and  contains  a  number  of 
handsome  monuments. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOFFICES. 

Mitchell's  Creek,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township,  on  the  Tioga  railroad, 
about  half  a  mile  south  of  the  Lawrence  township  line,  takes  its  name  from  the 
Mitchell  family,  who  settled  a  short  distance  west  of  the  present  village,  near  the 
Tioga  river,  in  1793.  Here,  in  1836,  Thomas  K.  Mitchell  manufactured  the  brick 
and  erected  the  first  brick  house  in  the  county,  which  for  over  forty  years  was  the 
only  one  of  the  kind  in  the  township.  A  few  years  later  he  opened  a  store  near  this 
house.  Daniel  Holden,  a  pioneer  of  Eichmond  township,  was  a  partner  in  this 
store  at  the  time  of  his  (Holden's)  death,  in  1830.  After  the  completion  of  the 
railroad  Mr.  Mitchell  moved  the  store  to  the  station  established  on  the  Aiken  place, 
and  later  to  Mitchell's  Creek.  After  the  railroad  was  built  the  village  of  Mitchell's 
Creek  began  to  grow.  WilUam  K.  Mitchell,  a  brother  of  Thomas  K.,  opened  a  store 
and  became  the  first  postmaster.  His  successors  in  the  ofi&ce  have  been  Simeon 
Mitchell,  John  Mitchell,  Edward  Brace,  Lewis  J.  Kimball  and  Thomas  Graves. 
Lewis  J.  Kimball,  the  predecessor  of  Graves,  was  appointed  a  second  time  in  October, 
1894,  and  now  holds  the  office.  The  village  contains  about  150  inhabitants,  and 
has  two  stores,  kept  by  W.  E.  Hughes  and  Lewis  J.  Kimball. 

Tioga  Tillage,  or  Brooldyn,  though  not  included  in  the  corporate  limits,  is  prac- 
tically a  part  of  Tioga  borough,  the  line  of  separation  being  the  "Cove."  Its  site 
formed  a  part  of  the  large  body  of  land  once  owned  by  Dr.  "William  "Willard,  and 
which  afterwards  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Sylvia  Parmentier.     Here,  on  the 


504  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

spot  now  occupied  by  the  residence  of  Eliza  Seagers,  stood  tlie  Willard  farm  house. 
Two  of  the  saw-mills  built  by  Dr.  Willard  were  within  the  present  village  limits. 
A  water  grist-mill  was  afterwards  built  near  the  site  of  one  of  these  mills.  It  is 
n,ow  operated  by  Charles  Schoner.  After  the  property  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Mrs.  Parmentier,  a  steam  saw-mill  was  also  erected  and  an  upper  leather  tannery 
built.  These  several  enterprises  were  managed  for  a  number  of  years  by  Col.  H. 
S.  Johnston,  as  agent  for  Mrs.  Parmentier. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  completion  of  the  Pall  Brook  railroad,  in  1871,  that 
the  real  growth  of  the  village  began.  Under  the  stimulus  of  this  enterprise,  it  built 
up  rapidly  during  the  next  few  years.  A  station  was  established  by  the  railroad 
company  in  September,  1871,  and  E.  P.  H.  McAlHster  appointed  station  agent,  a 
position  he  held  until  July,  1894,  when  he  resigned,  owing  to  ill  health,  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  agent,  James  T.  Davis.  Mr.  McAllister  took  an  active  part 
in  building  up  the  place,  erecting  no  less  than  twenty-six  houses,  the  greater  number 
of  which  he  soon  sold.  A  hotel,  now  Icnown  as  the  Brooklyn  Hotel,  and  which  is 
conducted  by  E.  D.  Urell,  was  erected  in  1873,  as  was  also  a  store  building.  The 
latter  burned  and  was  rebuilt.  It  is  now  occupied  by  Burton  Schrader,  who,  with 
T.  D.  Marsh,  whose  store  is  located  on  the  Wellsboro  road,  are  the  only  merchants 
in  the  place. 

In  1883  the  Tioga  Coke  Works  were  ericted,  by  the  Pall  Brook  Coal  Company, 
on  land  adjoining  the  village  on  the  south,  purchased  from  B.  C.  Wiekham,  Jabin 
S.  Bush,  Eleazer  Seagers  and  H.  E.  Smith  &  Son.  This  important  enterprise  stimu- 
lated the  growth  of  both  the  borough  and  the  village.  Nearly  300  ovens  were 
operated  and  over  100  men  employed.  John  J.  Davis  was  superintendent  until 
January,  1890,  when  he  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  James  T.  Davis, 
who  held  the  position  until  July  1,  1894,  when,  owing  to  the  ruinous  competition 
of  western  coke  works,  the  enterprise  was  abandoned.  The  works  have  since  been 
dismantled. 

The  Tioga  Eoller  Mill,  just  west  of  the  Pall  Brook  railroad  and  south  of  the 
Wellsboro  road,  was  erected  in  1890,  at  a  cost  of  $10,000,  by  W.  0.  Eussell.  It  is  a 
full  roller  mill,  run  by  steam,  with  a  capacity  of  forty  ban-els  of  flour  every  twenty- 
four  hours,  and  is  devoted  to  merchant  milling. 

The  saw  and  planing-mill  of  T.  A.  Wiekham  is  situated  just  west  of  the  "Cove." 
It  is  run  by  steam  and  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  lumber,  lath,  etc.,  for  home 
trade  and  shipment. 

Painter  Run  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  in  the  southeast  comer  of  the  town- 
ship. The  office  was  established  in  1873.  David  Bartlett  was  the  first  postmaster. 
In  1883  he  was  succeeded  by  D.  C.  Kingsley,  who  died  in  April,  1895,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  J.  P.  Kingsley,  who  also  owns  and  operates  a  steam  saw-mill 
and  a  feed-mill  here. 


CHAPTEK  XLIIL 

TIOGA  BOEOUGH. 

Description— Physical  Chabacteristics— Early  Settlers— Population— Vil- 
lage Industries  and  Enterprises— Early  Physicians  and  Lawyers— Early 
AND  Later  Hotels— Borough  Organization  and  Officials— Village  and 
Borough  Newspapers— Schools— Churches— Secret  Societies —Later  Busi- 
ness AND  Manufacturing  Enterprises— Tioga  Water  Works— Hose  Com- 
panies— Fire  and  Flood. 


THE  borough  of  Tioga  is  situated  west  of  the  center  of  Tioga  township,  at  the 
confluence  of  Crooked  creek  and  the  Tioga  river,  on  an  oblong  strip  of  land 
known  as  the  "Island,"  which  is  bounded  on  the  east  and  south  by  the  Tioga  river, 
and  on  the  west  and  north  by  the  "Cove" — a  name  given  to  an  overflow  channel  of 
the  same  stream — and  by  Crooked  creek.  The  elevation,  railroad  grade,  is  1,043 
feet  above  sea  level;  that  of  the  surrounding  hills  from  400  to  600  feet  higher.  The 
widening  of  the  valley  at  this  point,  caused  by  the  junction  of  Crooked  creek  and 
the  Tioga  river,  forms  a  basin  affording  ample  room  for  a  good-sized  city,  and  is  in 
pleasing  contrast  with  the  bold  and  rugged  hills  that  hem  the  borough  in  on  the 
east  and  south. 

The  land  comprised  within  the  borough  limits  formed  a  part  of  original  surveys 
61  and  67,  entered  May  17, 1785,  by  Edward  Bartholomew  and  John  Patton.  They 
and  a  number  of  succeeding  owners  were  non-residents.  These  surveys,  as  their 
nimibers  indicate,  were  among  the  earliest  entered  after  this  section  of  Pennsylvania 
was  opened  up  for  settlement  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix,  October  33,  1784. 

In  1791  or  1793  Jesse  Losey,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  came  to  Tioga  county 
from  "New  Jersey.  They  ascended  the  river  in  a  canoe  as  far  as  the  "Island,"  and 
located  on  the  west  bank  near  the  foot  of  what  is  now  Church  street.  Jesse  was 
soon  joiaed  by  his  brother,  Stephen,  who  does  not  appear  to  have  made  a  location. 
The  deeds  forming  the  chain  of  title  to  this  land  fail  to  show  that  Jesse  Losey  ever 
became  the  owner  of  it.  Like  many  other  pioneers,  he  had  only  a  squatter's  right. 
He  was,  nevertheless,  the  first  settler,  not  only  on  the  site  of  Tioga  borough,  but 
within  the  present  limits  of  Tioga  township,  and  the  sixth  in  the  Tioga  river  valley, 
south  of  the  N"ew  York  state  line. 

Losey's  first  home  was  a  rude  hut  of  poles  and  bark,  which  was  blown  down 
during  a  violent  storm.  He  next  built  a  log  house  farther  up  the  river,  between 
the  west  bank  and  the  Williamson  road,  the  site  of  which  is  still  discernible  on  the 
land  now  owned  by  H.  E.  Smith  &  Son.  Here  his  wife  died.  Her  grave,  it  is  said, 
lies  under  the  sidewalk,  near  the  northeast  comer  of  Main  and  Church  streets. 

About  1794  Benajah  Ives  acquired  title  to  the  land  upon  which  Losey  had 
located,  and,  it  is  presumed,  made  terms  with  him  for  his  improvements.  Losey 
appears  to  have  remained,  however,  until  1803,  when  he  and  his  brother  Stephen 
located  two  warrants  in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  on  Crooked  creek,  where 


506  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

they  took  up  their  residence.  Jesse  afterwards  moved  into  Middlebury  township, 
where  he  died  March  12,  1844,  aged  eighty-five  years.  His  remains  lie  buried  in 
the  Holidaytown  cemetery,  being  among  the  first  to  he  interred  there.  He  was  a 
shoemaker  and  distiller,  and,  after  coming  to  Tioga,  followed  both  occupations  at 
intervals,  the  latter  for  a  time  in  Samuel  Westbrook's  distillery.  He  was  also  a 
Eevolutionary  soldier  and  a  pensioner,  and  claimed  to  have  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  and  to  have  witnessed  the  execution  of  Major  John  Andre,  at  Tap- 
pan,  New  Jersey,  October  3, 1780.  Stephen  Losey,  after  residing  in  the  western  part 
of  Tioga  township  for  a  time,  removed  to  the  Pine  creek  country,  where  he  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  life. 

The  Eoberts  family,  consisting  of  Peter  Roberts,  his  sons,  John,  Benjamin, 
Peter  and  Silas,  and  his  daughters,  Polly,  Ehoda,  Sally  and  Betsey,  are  credited  with 
coming  in  1792.  Roberts,  who  is  supposed  to  have  had  a  Connecticut  title,  settled 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga  river,  below  the  Losey  location.  He  was  a  millwright, 
and  some  years  after  his  arrival  built  a  saw-mill  on  Crooked  creek,  near  the  present 
residence  of  David  Hick,  in  the  township. 

Benajah  Ives  came  about  1794,  from  Bristol,  Connecticut.  A  year  later  he 
was  followed  by  his  brothers,  Timothy,  John  and  Titus,  and  by  his  uncle,  John. 
The  latter  settled  on  the  present  T.  J.  Berry  place.  Benajah  built  a  house  near 
the  ford,  now  occupied  by  the  highway  bridge  at  the  south  end  of  the  borough. 
Here  he  kept  a  wayside  inn  until  1796,  when  he  sold  it  and  the  upper  half  of  his 
tract  to  Thomas  Berry,  and  moved  farther  down  the  stream  toward  the  Losey  cabin. 
In  1819  he  traded  the  remainder  of  his  tract  to  Dr.  Simeon  Power  for  the  north  half 
of  the  John  Gordon  farm,  and  removed  to  Middlebury  township. 

In  1796  Thomas  Berry,  on  his  way  from  Maryland  to  the  Genesee  country, 
accompanied  by  his  wife  and  four  children,  Mary,  John,  Margaret  and  Hester,  and 
by  James  Jennings,  his  wife's  brother,  stopped  for  the  night  at  the  Ives  inn.  Before 
morning  Berry  had  bargained  with  Ives  for  one-half  of  his  tract,  including  the  inn, 
and  thus  became  a  permanent  settler.  His  daughter,  Rachel,  was  born  here  June  7, 
1797,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  white  child  born  within  the  borough 
limits.  The  first  election  precinct  in  Tioga  township,  which  then  included  the 
whole  county,  was  established  at  Mr.  Berry's  house  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  April 
3, 1804.  Mr.  Berry  died  April  17, 1807,  aged  forty-five  years,  and  his  widow  March 
8, 1850.  After  her  husband's  death  she  kept  the  inn  or  tavern  until  1838,  managing 
the  business  shrewdly  and  successfully. 

Uriah  Spencer,  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  pioneer  settlers,  came  into 
what  is  now  Lawrence  township  in  1794,  but  did  not  settle  within  the  borough  limits 
of  Tioga  until  after  1800.  He  was  a  blacksmith,  and  built  a  shop,  the  first  one  here, 
on  Main  street,  in  front  of  the  present  A.  C.  Bush  residence.  Upon  the  establish- 
ment, January  1,  1805,  of  the  postofiice,  which  was  named  Tioga,  he  was  appointed 
postmaster,  and  held  the  office  until  July  1,  1809.  He  was  also  elected  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  the  county  in  October,  1809;  was  prothonotary  from  1818  to  1821, 
and  also  prothonotary  and  register  and  recorder  from  1824  to  1831.  He  was  for  many 
years  regarded  as  an  influential  citizen,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  all  matters  of 
public  interest.  ' 


TIOaA    BOROUGH.  507 


Dr.  William  Willard,  a  native  of  Lenox,  Massachusetts,  came  to  Tioga  in  1798, 
and  settled  on  land  forming  a  portion  of  the  Peter  Eoberts  claim,  all  of  which  he 
subsequently  acquired.  He  built  a  square  log  house  on  the  ground  now  occupied 
by  Philo  Tuner's  drug  store,  where  he  kept  tavern  and  practiced  medicine.  He 
-WHS  appointed  postmaster  July  1, 1809,  and  held  the  oiliee  until  April  1,  1815.  The 
history  of  Tioga  borough  dates  from  the  building  of  this  public  house  by  Dr.  Willard. 
Around  it  the  village,  which  became  known  as  Willardsburg,  slowly  grew.  None 
were  more  active  in  forwarding  its  growth  and  development  that  Dr.  Willard  and  his 
son,  William  Willard,  Jr.,  and  no  other  names  are  more  intimately  connected  with  its 
early  history.  The  original  plot  of  the  village  was  laid  out  by  William  Willard,  Jr. 
Dr.  Willard  died  October  28,  1836,  in  one  of  the  rooms  of  the  old  public  house.  A 
few  years  after  his  death  the  name  "Willardsburg"  was  dropped,  and  "Tioga,"  the 
name  of  the  postofice,  adopted. 

Owing  to  its  circumscribed  area,  the  borough  has  grown  slowly  in  population. 
In  1870  it  had  440  inhabitants;  in  1880,  530,  and  in  1890,  557. 

VILLAGE    INDtrSTBIES    AND    ENTEHPBISES. 

Uriah  Spencer  built  a  saw-mill  during  the  first  decade  of  the  present  century 
near  the  northern  end  of  the  "Island."  The  mill  race  ran  from  the  rear  of  the  pres- 
ent driving  park  on  Crooked  creek,  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  to  the  Tioga  river. 
Elijah  Welsh,  and  Gershom  Wynkoop,  both  of  whom  were  here  as  early  as  1813, 
worked  in  this  mill. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1813  or  early  part  of  1813,  Allen  D.  Caulking,  a  native  of 
Broome  county,  New  York,  came  to  Tioga  and  built  the  public  house,  long  known 
as  the  "Goodrich  House."  It  occupied  the  lot,  now  vacant,  just  south  of  the  Wick- 
ham  block.  In  one  room  of  this  house  he  opened  the  first  store  in  the  village.  A 
few  years  later  he  was  succeeded  as  storekeeper  by  Levi  Vail,  an  early  school. teacher, 
who  came  in  1813,  and  was  collector  of  taxes  for  the  township  in  1814.  In  1831 
or  1833  Vail  built  a  store  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  P.  S.  Tuttle  building. 
Benajah  Ives  had  an  interest  in  the  business  in  1836-37,  the  firm  being  Vail,  Ives  & 
Company.  They  were  succeeded  by  Ambrose  Millard,  who  was  in  business  here 
from  1838  to  1832. 

Dr.  William  Willard  built  a  story  and  a  half  red  house  on  the  present  site  of 
the  P.  S.  Tuttle  residence,  in  one  room  of  which  he  kept  store.  He  was  in  business 
in  1821,  in  which  year  the  late  Justus  B.  Claxk,  of  Eichmond  township,  then  newly 
married,  bought  a  portion  of  his  housekeeping  outfit  of  him,  and  also  purchased 
a  hand-saw,  for  which  he  paid  $3.00,  and  shingle  nails,  for  which  he  paid  thirty 
cents  a  pound. 

In  the  early  twenties  William  Willard,  Jr.,  erected  the  "Old  Eed  Store,"  on 
the  southeast  comer  of  Main  and  Park  streets.  This  was  occupied  in  1823  and 
1824  by  Chris.  Charles  and  Elijah  Stiles.  In  the  latter  year  Stiles  was  elected  county 
commissioner,  and  the  firm  went  out  of  existence.  In  1823  or  1824  Jesse  Keeney, 
a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  here  from  Cortland  county,  ISTew  York,  and  erected 
a  wagon-making  shop.  This  enterprise  he  carried  on  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
shop  was  afterward  remodeled  and  occupied  as  a  residfence  by  William  Garretson. 
Levi  and  Joseph  W.  Guernsey,  tanners  and  curriers,  located  about  1825.     The  latter 


508  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

■was  afterwards  in  partnership  with  his  father-in-law,  Jonah  Brewster,  in  a  store  on 
the  site  of  the  Park  Hotel.  Hobart  B.  Graves,  prominent  as  a  merchant,  distiller 
and  builder,  came  here  about  1835.  In  1828  he  was  engaged  in  the  distilling  of 
whiskey,  and  later  had  as  partners  David  and  Sylvester  Beckwith,  who  afterwards 
settled  permanently  in  Middlebury  township.  Their  distillery  occupied  the  site 
of  the  E.  A.  Smead  hardware  store.  John  Porter,  a  blacksmith,  and,  strange  as  it 
may  seem,  a  dentist,  opened  a  shop  here  about  1837,  with  John  Daniels  as  a  partner. 
In  January,  1837,  Eankin  Lewis  &  Company  moved  the  office  of  the  Tioga  Pioneer 
here  from  Wellsboro.  Jonah  Brewster  carried  on  merchandising  from  1839  to  1831, 
when  he  removed  to  "Wellsboro.  A.  C.  and  Jabin  S.  Bush,  afterwards  prominent 
as  lumbermen  and  merchants,  arrived  here  and  went  into  business  in  1831.  Joseph 
Pish  came  here  the  same  year  and  in  1833  established  a  shoe  shop  and  a  small  tan- 
nery. He  afterwards  carried  on  a  shoe  store  on  Main  street.  In  1833  Tuthill  & 
Wickham,  of  Elmira,  ISTew  York,  established  a  branch  store  here,  with  B.  C.  Wickham 
in  charge,  under  the  firm  name  of  B.  C.  Wickham  &  Company.  In  1833,  also,  Daniel 
A.  Lowell,  his  sons,  Martia  and  William  Lowell,  and  Thomas  and  Herbert  HoUis, 
all  hatters,  came  here  from  Chenango  county,  'Sew  York,  and  erected  for  business 
purposes  the  main  portion  of  the  building,  on  Wellsboro  street,  now  occupied  by 
Paul  Kraiss'  furniture  store.  Henry  H.  Potter  came  here  from  Lawrenceville  in 
1830  and  became  landlord  of  the  Willard  Hotel.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Middle- 
bury  township.  A.  D.  Cole  established  a  wagon  shop  and  Bobert  Andrus  a  foundry 
in  the  rear  of  the  same  site  previous  to  1834.  Barney  and  William  Mirch  were 
blacksmiths  here  about  the  same  time.  James  A.  and  William  Hathaway  came  here 
about  1835,  and  built  a  shop  on  Wellsboro  street.  E.  Derow  came  here  about  1836, 
and  was  subsequently  a  partner  of  William  Willard,  Jr.,  in  mercantile  business. 
Butler  Smith  came  here  about  the  same  time,  became  a  partner  of  John  C.  Knox  in 
merchandising,  and  afterwards  landlord  and  proprietor  of  the  old  Willard  House. 
Joseph  Hance,  cabinetmaker,  and  Daniel  S.  Craig,  tailor,  came  here  in  1836,  and 
Henry  Pord,  tailor,  and  Lorenzo  Pord,  harness  maker,  about  1838.  Prank  and 
Benjamin  Carey,  tailors,  and  Carpenter  H.  and  Andrew  Place,  shoemakers,  were  all 
here  before  1840. 

Henry  E.  Smith  opened  a  shoe  shop  here  in  1839,  and  has  since  been  uninter- 
ruptedly engaged  in  business.  He  was  bom  in  1811,  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens, 
and  the  oldest  business  man  in  the  county.  In  January,  1896,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
celebrated  the  sixty-second  anniversary  of  their  marriage.  This  unusual  event  was 
rendered  all  the  more  remarkable  from  the  fact  that  during  the  entire  sixty-two 
years  there  has  not  been  a  death  in  their  family,  all  their  children  being  alive.  Dr. 
H.  H.  Borden  came  here  as  a  carpenter  in  1840.  He  studied  medicine  under  Dr. 
Abel  Humphrey,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1847.  He  soon  afterwards  opened 
a  drug  store,  which,  with  but  a  brief  interruption,  he  carried  on  until  his  death  in 
July,  1894.  Philo  TuUer  came  here  as  a  cabinet  maker  in  1841,  and  worked  at  his 
trade  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he  entered  the  construction  depart- 
ment of  the  government  service.  In  1866  he  embarked  in  the  drug  business,  which 
he  still  carries  on.  P.  S.  Tuttle,  recently  deceased,  went  into  business  in  the  fall 
of  1840,  and  continued  untft  about  1880,  when  he  was  compelled  to  retire  by  reason 
of  impaired  eyesight.     Maj.  Seth  Daggett  removed  here  from  Jackson  township 


TIOGA    BOKOUGH.  509 


in  1842.  His  son,  Lewis  Daggett,  was  in  business  here  for  several  years.  W.  T. 
TJrell  came  in  1848,  was  employed  for  several  years  as  a  clerk,  and  in  1857  embarked 
in  business  for  himself. 

The  foregoing  embrace  the  principal  merchants,  manufacturers  and  tradesmen 
who  located  in  Tioga  previous  to  its  incorporation  as  a  borough.  As  a  rule,  they 
were  earnest,  honest  and  sincere  men,  who  came  here  in  their  young  manhood,  with 
but  little  capital  other  than  willing  hands,  tireless  energy  and  active  brains.  The 
obstacles  they  overcame,  the  discouragements,  hardships  and  privations  they  ex- 
perienced and  endured,  tested  patience  and  fortitude,  made  them  strong,  sturdy  and 
self-reliant,  and  developed  in  each  of  them  a  distinctive  individuality,  sometimes 
unique,  sometimes  eccentric,  but  always  earnest  and  interesting. 

EAKLY    PHYSICIANS    AND    LAVTTBES. 

Among  those  who  did  an  important  work  in  forwarding  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  Tioga  were  the  early  physicians  and  lawyers.  By  reason  of  being,  as  a  rule, 
more  liberally  educated  than  the  average  citizen  of  the  place,  they  usually  took  a 
leading  part  in  all  matters  of  public  concern.  Dr.  William  "Willard,  the  first  phy- 
sician, kept  public  house  and  practiced  his  profession  for  a  number  of  years.  Mention 
is  made  of  a  Dr.  Beard,  who  was  also  here  during  the  iirst  decade  of  the  present 
century.  Dr.  Simeon  Power  came  here  about  1808  from  Knoxville,  where  he  had 
settled  in  1805.  He  removed  to  Lawrenceville  about  1821,  where  he  resided  until 
his  death.  His  brother.  Dr.  Pliny  Power,  came  here  from  Canoe  Camp.  He  mar- 
ried Brittania  Gordon,  and  remained  as  a  resident  physician  until  1835.  Dr.  F. 
H.  White,  who  lived  to  be  over  one  hundred  years  of  age,  and  died  a  few  years  ago  in 
Eutland  township,  was  an  early  physician.  Dr.  H.  Eoberts  is  credited  with  being 
here  in  1826,  but  it  is  not  known  how  long  he  remained.  Thomas  J.  Huston  was 
a  physician  here  previous  to  1835.  Dr.  Cyrus  Pratt,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Tioga  Democrat,  came  here  in  1835,  but  appears  to  have  paid  more  attention  to 
moulding  public  opinion  than  to  practicing  medicine.  Dr.  Abel  Humphrey  located 
here  in  1836,  and  continued  in  practice  until  ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire. 
Dr.  H.  H.  Borden,  who  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Humphrey,  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  1847.  He  continued  to  practice  until  his  death  in  July,  1894.  Dr.  T.  B. 
Warner  was  a  partner  of  Dr.  Borden  for  several  years,  as  was  also  Dr.  Charles  B. 
Borden,  a  son  of  the  latter,  and  now  a  prominent  physician  of  Marion,  Indiana. 
Dr.  0.  P.  Baxden,  a  representative  of  the  Homeopathic  school,  located  here  in 
1868,  and  continued  to  practice  until  shortly  before  his  death,  January  25,  1892. 
The  profession  is  now  represented  by  Dr.  Eobert  B.  Smith  and  Dr.  S.  P.  Hakes,  of 
the  regular  school,  and  Dr.  L.  C.  Brown,  homeopathist. 

M.  T.  Leavenworth,  attorney-at-law,  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of 
Tioga  county  May  27, 1826.  He  appears,  however,  to  have  had  but  a  transient  resi- 
dence. Thomas  DePui  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  lawyers  to  practice  here.  William 
Garretson,  who  moved  from  Wellsboro,  in  January,  1827,  is  generally  regarded  as 
the  first  lawyer  to  locate  here  permanently.  He  continued  as  a  resident  lawyer 
until  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  a  law  clerk  in  the  internal  revenue  department 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  died  in  1872.  John  C.  Knox,  an  early 
editor   and   merchant,  and   aftei-wards   associate   justice   of  the    State    Supreme 


g-J^Q  HISTOEI     OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Court,  read  law  under  Garretson  and  practiced  for  seyeral  years  in  Tioga,  whence 
he  removed  to  Wellsboro.  John  W.  Maynard  practiced  here  from  1833  to  1840, 
when  he  removed  to  Williamsport.  W.  H.  Higgins  came  about  the  same  time,  but 
made  a  brief  stay.  John  W.  Guernsey  practiced  here  from  1835  until  within  a  few 
years  of  his  death,  November  29,  1883.  Charles  H.  Seymour  comes  next  in  the 
order  of  time.  He  read  law  under  John  "W.  Guernsey,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1847,  and  continued  in  active  practice  until  a  few  years  preceding  his  death,  which 
occurred  June  6,  1882.  Frederick  E.  Smith  was  a  contemporary  and  partner  of 
Seymour  for  several  years.  He,  too,  was  a  student  in  Guernsey's  office,  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1849,  and  was  one  of  the  prominent  members  of  the  Tioga  county  bax 
up  to  his  death,  October  8,  1889.  Lauren  H.  Tuttle  opened  an  office  in  Tioga  in 
1874  and  practiced  here  a  few  years.  The  present  resident  attorneys  are  Fred  B.. 
Smith,  J.  H.  Putnam  and  H.  L.  Baldwin. 

EAELT  AND  LATEK  HOTELS. 

The  first  public  house  in  Tioga  was  that  of  Benajah  Ives,  erected  in  1794  or- 
1795,  near  the  ford,  at  the  southern  end  of  the  "Island."  In  1796  Thomas  Berry 
became  the  proprietor.  He  carried  on  the  house  until  his  death  in  April,  1807,  from 
which  time  until  1838,  when  she  retired,  it  was  carried  on  by  his  widow. 

The  Willaxd  House,  erected  in  1798,  by  Dr.  William  Willard,  on  the  ground 
now  occupied  by  Philo  TuUer's  drug  store,  was  a  square  log  house,  with  two 
rooms  on  the  first  floor,  and  a  sleeping  loft  or  chamber  above.  It  was  rebuilt  in 
1809  or  1810,  the  new  edifice  being  a  two-story,  clap-boarded  frame,  with  a 
dancing  hall  in  the  second  story.  Dr.  "Willard  was  the  first  landlord  and  was  very 
popular  with  the  traveling  public.  Among  his  successors  were  Henry  H.  Potter, 
Buel  Smith,  and  Lyman  H.  Smith,  his  son,  who  enlarged  it  in  1855.  About  1860 
the  property  was  purchased  by  Col.  H.  S.  Johnston.  A  year  or  two  later  the  new 
part  was  moved  to  the  lot  just  west  of  the  Park  Hotel  and  the  old  part  to  the  lot. 
now  occupied  by  the  residence  of  Mrs.  E.  P.  Tnscho. 

The  Goodrich  House  was  built  by  Allen  Daniel  Caulking  in  1813,  on  the  lot,, 
now  vacant,  south  of  the  Wickham  block.  In  1819  Capt.  James  Goodrich  became 
landlord  and  continued,  save  for  a  period  of  about  ten  years,  when  it  was  in 
charge  of  his  lesees,  until  1859.  It  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  February  9,  1871, 
the  landlord,  at  the  time,  being  George  W.  Hazelett. 

The  Smith  House  was  in  a  sense  the  successor  of  the  Willard,  the  new  part 
of  which  was  moved  ia  1862  to  the  ground  just  west  of  the  Park  Hotel,  by 
Lyman  H.  Smith.  He  carried  it  on  up  to  November,  1868,  when  he  sold  it  to  Elias 
M.  Smith,  who  conducted  it  until  it  was  burned,  February  9,  1871. 

The  Park  Hotel,  a  four-story  brick,  with  mansard  roof,  was  built  by  a  stock 
company  at  a  cost  of  over  $30,000.  It  was  opened  to  the  public  July  1,  1876, 
with  Blias  M.  Smith  as  landlord.  S.  0.  Daggett  purchased  the  property  in 
1892,  carried  it  on  up  to  April,  1896,  and  then  sold  it  to  his  father  and  brother, 
who  leased  the  hotel  to  Pettibone  &  Joseph,  the  present  proprietors. 

BOBOUGH    OHGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

Tioga  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  February,  1860.  The  first  electioa 
for  borough  officers  took  place  July  3,  1860,  at  the  house  of  Lyman  H.  Smiths 


TIOGA    BOROUGH.  Q^^ 


At  this  election  the  following  officers  were  chosen:  John  W.  Guernsey,  burgess; 
Jabin  S.  Bush,  Thomas  L.  Baldwin,  Henry  E.  Smith,  Charles  0.  Etz  and  Frederick 
E.  Smith,  councilmen;  Levi  Bigelow,  justice  of  the  peace;  Stewart  M.  Geer, 
high  coniiLi.blc-t  Crirpenter  H.  Place,  assessor;  0.  B.  Lowell,  judge  of  election; 
E.  P.  H.  McY\llisl.cr  and  Charles  J.  Wheeler,  inspectors  of  election;  Vine  DePui 
and  Leroy  Tabor,  overseers  of  the  poor. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  council  was  held  July  9,  1860.  P.  E.  Smith  was 
chosen  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  borough;  Stewart  M.  Geer,  poundmaater, 
and  Silas  B.  Hathaway,  street  commissioner.  This  completed  the  borough 
organization. 

The  names  of  the  burgesses  elected  from  1861  to  1897,  inclusive,  are  as  follows: 
John  W.  Guernsey,  1861-63;  C.  H.  Seymour,  1864-66;  T.  L.  Baldwin,  1867; 
John  "W.  Guernsey,  1868-69;  Joseph  Pish,  acting  burgess,  1870;  W.  0.  Parr,  1871; 
Joseph  Pish,  1872;  C.  H.  Seymour,  1873;  0.  B.  Lowell,  1874-76;  Dr.  Eobert  B. 
Smith,  1877-78;  Dr.  0.  P.  Barden,  1879-81;  B.  A.  Smead,  1883;  James  Dewey, 
1883-84;  S.  M.  Geer,  1885-86;  C.  B.  Parr,  1887-88;  Dr.  C.  B.  Borden,  1889;  C. 
B.  Parr,  1890-91;  E.  A.  Smead,  1892-96,  and  Philo  TuUer,  elected  in  1897. 

P.  E.  Smith  served  as  secretary  of  the  borough  from  July,  1860,  to  Pebruaxy, 
1865,  and  from  Pebruary,  1867,  to  February,  1884.  John  I.  Mitchell  served  in 
1865;  A.  M.  Bennett,  1866;  Walter  T.  Merrick  from  Pebruary,  1884,  to  October, 
1885;  J.  H.  Putman  from  October,  1885,  to  March,  1890,  when  P.  B.  Smith,  the 
present  secretary,  was  chosen.  P.  E.  Smith  was  treasurer  of  the  borough  from 
July,  1860,  to  March,  1884;  E.  A.  Smead,  until  March,  1887;  Philo  TuUer  in 
1888,  and  E.  A.  Smead  in  1889.  H.  L.  Baldwin,  the  present  treasurer,  has  held 
the  office  since  March,  1890. 

The  following  have  been  elected  and  commissioned  justices  of  the  pea.ce  for 
the  borough:  Levi  Bigelow,  1860;  William  Garretson,  1863;  H.  H.  Borden, 
1865;  re-elected,  1876  and  1890;  Joseph  Fish,  1866;  re-elected,  1871  and  1881; 
Philo  Tuller,  1867;  J.  Van  Osten,  1869;  John  W.  Guernsey,  1872;  re-elected,  1883; 
L.  H.  Tuttle,  1877;  re-elected,  1883;  H.  L.  Baldwin,  1883;  re-elected,  1888  and 
1893;  J.  H.  Putnam,  1885,  and  P.  W.  Shappee,  1895. 

The  Tioga  postoffice,  established  January  1,  1805,  is  the  oldest  in  the  county. 
Following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  postmasters  of  the  village  and  borough 
from  that  date  to  the  present:  Uriah  Spencer,  1805-09;  Dr.  William  Willard, 
1809-15;  William  Willard,  Jr.,  1815-19;  John  Berry,  1819-21;  Capt.  Jamea 
Goodrich,  1821-35;  Uriah  Spencer,  1835-38;  A.  C.  Bush,  1838-45;  Edwin  C. 
Goodrich,  1845-46;  William  Lowell,  1846-48;  Albinus  Hunt,  1848-51;  Lewis 
Daggett,  1851-53;  H.  H.  Goodrich,  1853-55;  C.  G.  Dennison,  1855-57;  William 
T.  Urell,  1857-61;  Lewis  Daggett,  1861-65;  Mrs.  Sarah  M.  Etz,  1865-68;  Philo 
Tuller,  1868-85;  William' T.  Urell,  1885-90;  James  T.  Davis,  February  10,  1890, 
to  Pebruary  10,  1893,  when  David  C.  McAllister,  the  present  incumbent,  was 
appointed. 

TILLAGE    AND    BOEOUGH    NEWSPAPEHS. 

The  first  newspaper  established  in  Tioga  county  was  the  Tioga  Pioneer, 
which  made  its  appeajance  at  Wellsboro,  December  3,  1825.    Its  publishers  were 


5X2  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Eankin  Lewis  &  Company.  In  Januajy,  1837,  the  place  of  publication  was 
changed  to  Tioga.  In  1828  Eev.  Elisha  Booth  became  proprietor,  with  William 
Garretson  as  associate  editor.  He  changed  its  name  to  the  Northern  Banner. 
In  1831  or  1832,  J.  B.  Shurtliff  became  owner,  and  changed  the  naiie  to  the  Tioga 
Democrat.  He  conducted  it  about  four  years  and  sold  it  to  Dr.  Cyrus  Pratt,  who 
disposed  of  it  in  the  spring  of  1838  to  the  late  William  Adams,  of  Mansfield. 
In  August,  1840,  the  office  was  moved  to  Lawrenceville,  Mr.  Adams  having  dis- 
posed of  a  half  interest  ia  it  to  John  C.  Knox  and  others,  and  the  name  of  the 
paper  was  changed  to  the  Lawrence  Sentinel.  Two  years  later  it  was  sold  to 
Asa  H.  Carey,  who  moved  it,  so  it  is  said,  to  Troy,  Pennsylvania. 

In  1863,  the  plant  of  the  Wellsboro  Banner  was  purchased  and  moved  to 
Tioga,  by  several  gentlemen  anxious  to  have  a  paper  established  here.  Before, 
however,  they  succeeded  in  getting  out  an  issue,  the  plant  was  re-purchased  by  the 
Democratic  county  committee  and  taken  back  to  Wellsboro. 

The  publication  of  a  little  four-page  sheet  was  begun  March  21,  1872,  by 
Samuel  J.  McCuUough,  Jr.,  and  conducted  by  him  until  April,  1873,  when  it  was 
superceded  by  the  Tioga  County  Express,  an  eight-column  folio,  edited  and  man- 
aged by  0.  S.  Webster  and  Azro  Lumbajd.  On  September  3,  1875,  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  A.  H.  Bunnell.  In  March,  1879,  he  changed  its  name  to  the  Tioga 
Express.  It  ceased  publication  in  September,  1880,  Mr.  Bunnell  removing  the 
plant  to  Canisteo,  New  York.  February  2,  1883,  E.  M.  Bixby  began  the  pub- 
lication ot  a  paper  under  the  old  name  of  Tioga  Express.  He  died  in  1883,  and 
his  widow  carried  it  on  for  a  time,  with  the  assistance  of  Joseph  H.  Geer,  who 
afterwards  acquired  control  of  it.  It  went  out  of  existence  in  1886.  For  some- 
time after  this,  the  Lawrenceville  Herald  published  a  supplement  sheet  with  a 
Tioga  date  and  heading.  In  December,  1889,  F.  G.  Babcock  revived  the  Tioga 
Express,  which  he  published  until  January,  1891,  when  he  sold  it  to  J.  K.  Bower, 
who  ran  it  about  a  year,  when  the  office  was  purchased  by  the  Wellsboro 
Agitator. 

On  July  23,  1893,  Fred.  L.  Graves  began  the  publication  of  the  Tioga  Argus, 
a  six-column  quarto.  This  paper,  which  is  still  in  existence,  has  met  with  a 
liberal  support,  and  gives  promise  of  permanence.  It  is  devoted  to  local 
news  and  to  the  interests  of  the  borough  and  township.  In  politics  it  is  inde- 
pendent. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  Tioga  borough  was  taught  about  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century  by  Benjamin  Eoberts,  in  his  father's  log  house,  near  the  foot 
of  the  present  Park  street.  Benjamin  Eoberts  also  taught  in  a  house  which 
stood  near  the  site  of  the  barn  on  the  A.  C.  Bush  place.  About  1812  or  1813  a 
building  was  erected  for  school  purposes,  on  the  T.  J.  Berry  place,  below  the 
borough.  Among  those  who  taught  here  were  Miss  Jemima  Hotchkiss,  Levi 
Vail,  A.  M.  Betts,  Andrew  Pickard,  Dennis  Hawes,  A.  M.  Traw,  John  W. 
Guernsey  and  others.  In  1836  a  school  building  was  erected  by  Hobart  B. 
Graves,  on  the  groimd  now  occupied  by  the  Catholic  church,  and  used  for  school 
purposes  until  1889,  when  the  present  building  on  Broad  street  was  erected.     It 


TIOGA    BOEOUGH.  513 


is  a  two-story  frame,  with  two  rooms  in  the  first,  and  one  in  the  second,  story, 
and  cost  nearly  $3,000.  With  the  erection  of  this  building  a  graded-sehool 
course  was  adopted.  Among  those  who  have  filled  the  position  of  principal  are 
H.  L.  Baldwin,  Ellas  Horton,  J.  C.  Doane,  J.  E.  Hazelett  and  "W.  E.  Blair,  the 
present  incumbent,  who  has  proved  himself  a  capable  and  competent  educator. 

CHURCHES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Tioga,  incorporated,  March  17,  1843,  is  the 
oldest  regularly  organized  church  in  the  coimty.  Its  history  dates  to  a  meeting 
held  April  34,  1813,  at  the  residence  of  Benjamin  Bentley,  near  Mitchell's  Creek, 
when  a  conference  was  constituted  embracing  the  following  persons:  David 
Short,  Eichard  Mitchell,  Nathan  Seely,  Titus  Ives,  Charles  Blanehard,  Benjamia 
Bentley,  Simeon  Power,  Timothy  Ives,  Mary  Bentley,  Euth  Ingersole,  Abigail 
Mitchell,  Sally  Short  and  Euby  Mitchell.  A  covenant  and  articles  of  faith  and 
practice  were  adopted  February  36,  1814,  and  on  June  18,  1814,  the  place  of 
meeting  was  changed  from  the  house  of  Benjamin  Bentley  to  the  house  of 
Eichard  Mitchell,  at  Mitchell's  Creek,  and  continued  there  until  December,  1816. 
The  church  was  formally  organized  June  30,  1816.  The  following  named  per- 
sons constituted  the  original  members:  David  Short,  James  Mitchell,  P.  Keeney, 
Elisha  Tucker,  John  Maine,  Samuel  AVarriner,  Charles  Blanehard,  Euby 
Mitchell,  Anna  Keeney,  Hannah  Welch,  Nancy  Maine,  Catharine  Matteson,  Sally 
Short  and  Abigail  Mitchell.  Prom  1816  to  1844,  the  place  of  meeting  was  the 
school  house  on  the  Bentley  farm,  near  Mitchell's  Creek.  In  the  latter  year  the 
present  house  of  worship  iu  Tioga  borough  was  erected  and  dedicated.  The  lot 
on  which  it  stands  was  the  gift  of  Elijah  DePui,  who  also  gave  $250  in  money. 
Labor  and  material  to  the  amount  of  about  $3,000  were  contributed  by  the  other 
members.  The  building  was  erected  by  S.  M.  Broakman.  The  following  per- 
sons have  served  the  church  as  deacons:  Charles  Blanehard,  Thomas  Keeney, 
Asaph  Ellis,  Isaac  Adams,  John  Drew,  A.  C.  Keeney,  E.  T.  Bentley,  S.  S. 
McKinney  and  G.  W.  Dibble.  The  names  of  the  pastors,  in  the  order  of  their 
succession,  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  David  Short,  Elisha  Tucker,  Samuel  Bigelow, 
Elisha  Booth,  Daniel  Piatt,  T.  S.  Sheardown,  W.  A.  Smith,  James  E.  Burdick, 
Jeremiah  Weatherby,  Tobias  Pinkham,  G-.  L.  Stevens,  B.  E.  Swick,  Jacob 
Kennedy,  A.  M.  Brown,  Levi  Stone,  J.  L.  Smith,  G.  P.  Watrous,  D.  E.  Mc- 
Dearmond,  1865-67;  A.  B.  Chase,  1868-71;  H.  P.  Hill,  1872;  Eoss  Matthews, 
1873;  S.  D.  Merrick,  1875-85;  S.  Z.  Batten,  1886-87;  Allen  Peckham,  1888; 
Fisher  Wilson,  1889-91;  S.  A.  Field,  1893-93;  S.  G.  Brundage,  1895,  and  C.  H. 
Crowl,  1896. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Tioga  dates  its  beginning  in  June, 
1826,  when  a  fund  was  raised  by  subscription  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  house 
of  worship.  On  June  34,  of  that  year,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  James 
Goodrich,  in  Willardsburg,  at  which  it  was  resolved  to  collect  the  subscriptions 
and  proceed  to  build.  William  Willard,  Jr.,  Elisha  Booth  and  Jacob  Prutsman 
were  elected  trustees  to  superintendent  the  building.  On  October  16,  1826,  the 
subscribers  were  notified  to  "furnish  the  amount  of  their  subscriptions."  April  7, 
1837,  the  contract  for  carpenter  and  joiner  work  was  let,  and  the  frame  of  the 

33 


514  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

building  put  up.  It  remained  in  that  condition  until  1843,  when  it  was  inclosed. 
In  1844  a  charter  for  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  chvirch  of  Tioga,  was  ob- 
tained. It  was  united  with  the  church  at  Lawrenceville,  in  one  charge,  until 
1873,  since  which  time  the  following  pastors  have  served  the  Tioga  church: 
Eev.  Harvey  Lamkin,  appointed  in  1873;  C.  J.  Bradbury,  1876;  G.  W.  How- 
land,  1877;  Harvey  Lamkin,  1879;  J.  \V.  Gamble,  1881;  J.  D.  Eequa,  1883;  B. 
E.  Thomas,  1885;  T.  A.  Peterson,  1886;  W.  A.  Linaberry,  1888;  C.  M.  Gardner, 
1890;  D.  0.  Chamberlayne,  1891;  L.  P.  Thurston,  1893;  Uri  Mulford,  1895,  and 
D.  E.  Stiles,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  October,  1896.  The  first 
church  building  stood  fronting  Meeting  House  alley.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire 
on  the  night  of  February  9,  1871.  The  new  building,  dedicated  in  1872,  stands 
further  east,  and  fronts  on  Main  street.  It  is  constructed  of  brick,  with  freestone 
trimmings,  and  cost  about  $7,000.  The  lot  on  which  it  stands  was  the  gift  of 
William  Willard,  Jr.,  and  wife,  the  deed  bearing  date  March  11,  1834.  This 
church  and  the  church  in  Parmington  are  under  one  charge.  The  membership 
of  the  church  in  Tioga  is  135.  T.  D.  Eouse  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school,  which  numbers  about  ninety  students  and  teachers. 

St.  Andrew's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  dates  the  beginning  of  its  history 
to  1840,  in  which  year  an  occasional  service  was  held  in  Tioga  by  Eev.  Charles  Breck, 
rector  of  St.  Paul's  church,  of  Wellsboro.  He  organized  a  parish  under  the 
name  of  Christ  Church,  which,  however,  failed  to  secure  a  charter.  Eev.  George 
Hopkins,  of  Lawrenceville,  next  supplied  the  parish,  and  was  followed  by  Eev. 
A.  A.  Marple,  of  Wellsboro,  who  held  monthly  services  until  September,  1860, 
when  Eev.  Thomas  H.  Cullen  took  charge.  In  May,  1861,  the  parish  was  ad- 
mitted into  union  with  the  Diocese  of  Pennsylvania,  under  the  name  of  St. 
Andrew's  Parish.  The  charter  members  of  the  vestry  were  John  W.  Guernsey, 
J.  S.  Bush,  P.  S.  Tuttle,  S.  M.  Geer,  P.  E.  Smith,  T.  L.  Baldwin,  H.  H.  Borden 
and  0.  B.  Lowell.  In  January,  1863,  Eev.  Mr.  Cullen  resigned,  and  the  parish 
remaiued  without  a  rector  until  1867,  when  Eev.  J.  Hobaxt  DeMille  was  called. 
He  remained  about  a  year.  In  June,  1869,  the  corner-stone  of  a  frame  church 
building  was  laid  by  Eev.  Thomas  H.  Cullen.  This  building  was  opened  for  ser- 
vice St.  Andrew's  Day,  November  30,  1869.  On  the  night  of  February  9,  1871, 
the  church  and  rectory  were  destroyed  by  fire.  In  the  following  month  a 
temporary  chapel  was  erected.  In  May,  1871,  Eev.  John  H.  Babcock  took  charge, 
but  soon  resigned.  In  June,  1873,  Eev.  Thomas  H.  Cullen  was  recalled,  and  it 
was  largely  through  his  efl;orts  that  the  present  handsome  house  of  worship  was 
erected,  the  corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  by  him,  August  13,  1873.  The  build- 
ing was  opened  for  service  on  the  evening  of  May  14,  1874.  The  church  is  of 
gothic  design,  aiid  is  built  of  Elkhorn  stone,  trimmed  with  light-colored  freestone 
from  the  Corning  quarries.  It  cost  about  $13,000.  There  are  four  memorial 
windows,  as  follows:  One  on  the  south  side,  in  memory  of  Mrs.  James  Goodrich, 
given  by  her  children;  one  on  the  north  side,  in  memory  of  S.  Morris  Wain,  of 
Philadelphia,  given  by  his  sister,  and  two  in  front,  in  memory  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Levi  Bigelow,  donated  by  their  children.  A  beautiful  stone  font  is  the  gift  of 
Mrs.  Edwin  A.  Meade,  of  New  York,  and  Mrs.  S.  S.  Caldwell,  of  Omaha,  Ne- 
braska, in  memory  of  their  children,  Bertie  Meade  and  Annie  Caldwell.  '  The 


TIOGA    BOEOUGH.  515 


chancel  rail  was  presented  by  Mrs.  Thomas  H.  Cullen.  Kneeling  stools  were 
given  by  Miss  Eachel  Morris,  and  book  racks  by  Mrs.  A.  C.  Bush  and  Mrs.  F.  B. 
Smith.  The  gilt  cross  surmounting  the  spire  is  the  gift  of  Mrs.  John  W. 
Guernsey.  The  building  was  consecrated  Tuesday,  May  23,  1877,  by  Et.  Eev.  M. 
A.  DeWolfe  Howe,  D.  D.,  bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Central  Pennsylvania.  The 
successors  of  Mr.  Cullen  have  been  Eevs.  John  London,  Percy  Clinton  Webber, 
Percy  J.  Eobottom,  W.  G.  Wells,  William  DuHamel  and  F.  Southgate  Hipkins. 
Eev.  L.  B.  Thomas,  the  present  rector,  took  charge  in  November,  1894. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Tioga  was  organized  Wednesday,  January  25, 
1852,  by  Eev.  J.  S.  McCuUough,  with  nine  members,  as  follows:  Mrs.  Eunice 
Aiken,  Miss  Abigail  Preston,  Mrs.  Amelia  Wellington,  Cyrus  B.  and  Mrs. 
Eliza  B.  Hathaway,  Miss  Anna  Maria  Wickham,  Mrs.  Emeline  Guernsey,  Mrs. 
Emily  L.  McCuUough,  and  the  pastor,  Eev.  J.  S.  McCuUough.  Through  the  per- 
sonal efforts  and  financial  aid  of  Mr.  McCuUough,  B.  C.  Wickham,  Joseph  and 
David  L.  Aiken,  J.  B.  Steele,  Mr.  Slocum  and  others,  the  present  church  building 
on  Broad  street  was  erected  in  1851,  at  a  cost  of  over  $2,000.  Mr.  McCuUough 
served  the  church  as  pastor  from  its  organization  until  1868.  His  successors  have 
been  Eevs.  D.  Otis  Fletcher,  1868  to  1871;  E.  H.  Shumway,  1871  to  1872; 
William  Baldwin,  May  1,  1872,  to  March  9,  1885;  Albert  Bacon,  supply  from 
May  17,  to  August  9,  1885;  W.  L.  Woodruff,  supply,  August  9,  1885,  to  No- 
vember 9,  1885;  F.  S.  Houser,  December  13,  1885,  to  May  29,  1887;  W.  H. 
Tussing,  supply,  June  5,  1887,  to  September  11,  1887;  S.  D.  Merrick,  (Baptist), 
supply,  time  not  stated;  J.  L  Campbell,  April  7,  1891,  to  March  6,  1892;  J.  H. 
Elliott,  from  latter  date  to  March  8,  1895,  when  the  pulpit  became  vacant.  The 
church  was  incorporated  September  4,  18C9,  and  now  consists  of  over  seventy 
members.     Eobert  Bishop  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 

St.  Marxfs  Catholic  Church  was  organized  in  1861,  in  which  year  the  old 
village  school  building  was  purchased  and  used  as  a  house  of  worship.  The  price 
paid  was  $550,  and  it  was  dedicated  under  the  pastorship  of  Eev.  Father  Gogan. 
Among  the  original  members  were  the  following  named  persons  and  their  families: 
John  Kinney,  John  Eouen,  Peter  Burns,  Edward  Eogers,  Charles  Hickey,  James 
Kelly,  John  Gleason  and  John  O'Neal.  In  1880  the  old  buUding  was  sold  to  E. 
A.  Smead,  who  removed  it  to  the  rear  of  his  hardware  store,  and  a  new  church 
building  was  erected  on  the  lot  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $3,000.  The  building  was  dam- 
aged by  the  flood  of  June,  1889,  but  was  repaired  and  greatly  improved  by  the 
addition  of  a  handsome  new  altar  in  1892.  Services  axe  held  twice  a  month  by 
the  pastor  of  St.  Peter's  church,  Wellsboro.  The  Sunday-school  is  in  charge 
of  Miss  Jennie  Norton.    . 

SECKET    SOCIETIES. 

Willardsburg  Lodge  was  the  name  of  the  first  Masonic  society  organized  in 
Tioga.  The  lodge  room  was  in  the  second  story  of  Dr.  Willard's  residence,  and 
among  its  members  were  Dr.  William  Willard,  his  sons,  William  and  Henry;  Col. 
Ambrose  Millard  and  Harris  Hotehkiss.  During  the  excitement,  in  1829  and 
1830,  attendant  upon  the  disappearance  of  William  Morgan,  Colonel  Millard,  and  a 


516  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

few  other  members  of  this  lodge,  used  to  meet  in  the  woods,  in  order  to  keep  its 
charter  from  lapsing.     The  lodge,  however,  went  out  of  existence  soon  afterward. 

Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  chartered  October  16,  1866.  Previous 
to  its  organization  a  number  of  the  resident  Masons  of  Tioga  were  members  of 
Painted  Post  Lodge,  at  Coming,  New  York.  They  became  either  charter  or  early- 
members  of  the  lodge  here,  which  elected  the  following  officers  and  perfected  its 
organization  July  11,  1867:  H.  S.  Johnson,  W.  M.;  T.  E.  Warren,  S.  W.; 
Calvin  Hammond,  J.  W.;  J.  S.  Bush,  T.;  ¥.  H.  Adams,  S.;  Philo  Tuller,  S.  D. 
The  lodge  now  numbers  sixty-six  members,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Adelphic  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  October  8,  1847,  and  retained  its 
charter  until  April  2,  1857,  when  it  was  removed  to  Eoseville.  The  first  officers 
of  the  lodge,  elected  December  23,  1847,  were  as  follows:  John  W.  Guernsey, 
N.  G.;  Alpha  D.  Cole,  V.  G.;  F.  E.  Smith,  S.;  Edgar  D.  Seeley,  A.  S.,  ajid  John 
Mathews,  T. 

Tioga  Biver  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  chartered  May  1,  1873,  with  the 
following  officers:  S.  M.  Geer,  N.  G.;  A.  E.  Niles,  V.  G.;  0.  P.  Barden,  S.;  C. 
B.  Parr,  A.  S.,   and  C.  P.  Miller,  T. 

Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  R.,  named  in  honor  of  Lieut.  Charles  0.  Etz,  who 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  July  14,  1862,  was  organized  December 
14,  1883.  The  commanders  have  been  A.  S.  Eeynolds,  H.  Pickering  Schuyler 
Beers,  Charles  Eyon,  N.  E.  Shappee,  A.  H.  Eawson  and  William  Kimball.  About 
eighty  soldiers  of  the  Union  army  have  been  mustered  into  this  post  since  its 
organization. 

The  beneficiary  orders  are  represented  as  follows:  Phoenix  Lodge,  No.  933, 
K.  of  H.,  organized  March  7,  1878.  It  has  thirteen  members.  Keystone  Lodge, 
No.  105,  0.  0.  W.,  was  organized  February  9,  1892,  and  now  has  fourteen  mem- 
bers. Tioga  Tent,  No.  176,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  instituted  June  10,  1893.  It  has 
now  about  thirty  members  and  is  growing. 

LATER    BUSINESS    AND    MANUFACTITHING    ENTERPRISES. 

The  Tabor,  Mathews  &  Company  foimdry  was  established  in  1849,  on  the 
site  now  occupied  by  the  store  of  M.  S.  Field  and  the  Smith  &  Peek  meat  market. 
About  1860  this  foundry  burned  down  and  was  not  rebuilt. 

The  Union  Tanning  Company,  a  member  of  the  corporation  known  as  the 
United  States  Leather  Company,  operates  a  tannery  on  Wellsboro  street,  devoted 
to  the  tanning  of  sole  leather.  Its  output  is  400  sides  of  leather  a  day;  its  con- 
sumption of  hemlock  bark  6,000  cords  a  year,  and  it  gives  employment  to  fifty 
men.  L.  E.  Johnson  is  the  superintendent,  and '  C.  A.  Nearing  the  foreman. 
The  original  tannery,  of  which  this  is  the  successor,  was  started  in  the  winter  of 
1853-54,  by  Joseph  Fish  and  Charles  Somers.  Among  those  who  afterward  ac- 
quired either  a  partial  or  controlling  interest  in  it,  were  Ira  Wells,  H.  F.  Wells, 
Col.  H.  S.  Johnston,  0.  B.  Lowell,  C.  B.  Farr  and  others.  In  1882,  while  being 
operated  by  Lowell  &  Company,  it  suspended,  and  almost  immediately  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  Wellsboro  Leather  Company,  who  were  succeeded  by  Garrett, 
Davidge  &  Company,  who  in  February,  1892,  sold  out  to  the  Union  Tanning 
Company.     During  the  time  Garrett,  Davidge  &  Company  were    in    control,  a 


TIOGA    BOKOUGH.  517 


currier  shop  was  erected  by  the  Tioga  Improvement  Company,  and  was  run  in 
connection  with  the  tannery— which  was  then  an  upper  leather  tannery — by  Dew- 
son,  Williams  &  Company,  of  Boston.  Since  passing  intO'  the  control  of  the 
"Union  Tanning  Company,  the  plant  has  been  devoted  to  the  production  of  sole 
leather  exclusively. 

The  Tioga  County  Bank  was  incorporated  May  11,  1857,  and  organized  with 
T.  L.  Baldwin,  president,  and  John  "W.  Guernsey,  cashier.  The  authorized  capital 
was  $100,000,  with  permission  to  increase  to  $200,000.  It  began  business  with 
a  paid  up  capital  of  $56,610.  The  control  soon  fell  into  the  hands  of  outside 
parties,  who  came  near  wrecking  it.  B.  C.  Wickham  and  A.  S.  Turner  took 
charge,  and  by  advancing  their  private  funds  restored  its  credit.  Henry  H.  Good- 
rich was  made  teller  and  book-keeper.  On  the  night  of  May  34,  1864,  the  bank, 
then  located  in  a  private  dwelling,  was  entered,  the  safe  blown  open  and  robbed 
of  $21,000  in  cash  and  bonds.  The  safe,  at  the  time,  contained  $102,000  in  cur- 
rency and  United  States  bonds.  Fright  on  the  part  of  the  robbers  is  given  as  the 
reason  why  a  larger  amount  was  not  secured.  The  robbery  is  still  an  unsolved 
mystery.  None  of  the  money  or  bonds  was  ever  recovered.  July  1,  1866,  the  in- 
stitution was  changed  to  a  private  bank,  with  B.  C.  Wickham,  president,  and 
David  L.  Aiken,  cashier.  It  continued  business  under  the  name  of  B.  C.  Wick- 
ham &  Company's  Banking  Hotise,  until  December  13,  1883,  when  it  suspended. 
The  suspension  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  prosperity  of  the  borough,  and  one  from 
which  it  did  not  recover  for  years. 

The  Bolert  Bishop  Factory,  at  the  foot  of  Park  street,  is  the  successor  of  the 
old  Van  Name  factory,  established  about  1860  by  Charles  Van  Name.  He  died 
in  1867,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  John  Van  Name.  Mr.  Bishop  first 
entered  the  factory  as  an  employe;  then  became  a  partner,  and,  in  1872,  the  sole 
proprietor.  The  factory  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  butter  tubs  and  firkins, 
tobacco  cases,  boxes  and  finished  lumber. 

The  Lucky  Oil  Well  Company,  with  a  nominal  capital  of  $150,000,  was 
chartered  April  18,  1865.  The  officers  were  Edward  Bayer,  president;  T.  L.  Bald- 
win, vice-president;  A.  M.  Bennett,  secretary,  and  Henry  H  Goodrich,  treasurer. 
A  tract  of  land  on  Bear  creek,  two  miles  from  Tioga,  was  leased  from  Abiel  Sly, 
known  by  the  sobriquet  of  "Old  Lucky."  A  well  was  sunk  to  the  depth  of  923 
feet,  at  a  cost  of  over  $7,000.  The  well  was  tubed  and  pumped,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  oil  obtained  from  it. 

Yoorhees,  Aiken  &  Company,  cigar  manufacturers,  began  business  in  Tioga, 
in  1880.  They  had  a  capital  of  $25,000,  and  their  factory  was  conducted  on  a 
large  scale,  employment  being  given  to  100  hands.  The  failure,  December  13, 
1883,  of  B.  C.  Wickham  &  Company's  Banking  House,  crippled  the  enterprise. 
In  March,  1884,  the  factory  was  sold  to  Mansfield  parties,  and  there  continued 
under  the  name  of  G.  S.  Voorhees  &  Company. 

T.  0.  Hetfield's  Cigar  Factory  was  started  in  1888,  one  and  a  quarter  miles 
west  of  Tioga,  on  the  Wellsboro  road.  September  15,  1893,  it  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  He  resumed  business  in  the  borough,  remaining  until  April,  1895,  when  he 
removed  back  to  the  old  site  west  of  town,  having,  in  the  meantime,  rebuilt  his 
residence  and  factory. 


518  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

TIOGA    WATEE    WOEKS. 

As  early  as  1828,  Hobart  Graves  brought  water  in  wooden  pipes  to  his  dis- 
tillery,  on  "Wellsboro  street.  The  pipes  were  pine  logs  with  holes  bored  through 
them  lengthwise.  A  few  private  residences  were  also  supplied  by  Mr.  Graves.  The 
great  pressure,  however,  made  it  difficult  to  keep  the  pipes  in  repair,  and  they  were 
finally  abandoned  to  disuse  and  decay. 

The  Tioga  Water  Works  Company  was  organized  in  1874,  with  T.  A.  Wick- 
ham  as  superintendent,  and  Charles  A.  Wickham  as  engineer.  Work  was  com- 
menced August  23,  of  that  year,  and  the  water  let  into  the  pipes  December  16. 
The  water  is  brought  from  Bentley's  creek,  over  nearly  the  same  course  as  that 
followed  by  Hobart  Graves  in  1828.  The  storage  reservoir  is  a  basin  of  the  creek, 
320  feet  above  the  level  of  the  borough,  and  has  a  capacity  of  1,200,000  gallons.  The 
distributing  reservoir  stands  on  the  brow  of  East  hill,  220  feet  above  the  borough, 
and  has  a  capacity  of  750,000  gallons.  The  specific  gravity  system  is  used,  and 
the  consumption  averages  about  500,000  gallons.  The  company  was  incorporated 
January  20, 1888,  with  a  capital  of  $15,000,  divided  into  600  shares,  476  shares  being 
owned  by  Eufus  S.  Frost,  of  Chelsea,  Massachusetts;  eight  shares  by  T.  A.  Wick- 
ham, and  four  each  by  Edward  G.  Schieffelin,  Henry  L.  Baldwin,  C.  B.  Eaxr  and 
J.  E.  Sweetland,  of  Tioga.  T.  A.  Wickham  has  been  the  superintendent  of  the 
company  since  its  organization. 

HOSE    COMPANIES. 

The  Parle  Hose  Company  was  organized  in  1874.  Its  membership  was  made 
up  of  the  leading  citizens  and  the  most  active  yoimg  men  of  the  borough.  It  did 
good  service  whenever  called  upon,  and  won  many  honors  in  the  tournaments 
of  the  county's  firemen. 

Smead  Hose  Company,  No.  1,  the  successor  of  the  Park  Hose  Company,  was 
organized  June  2,  1893,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  E.  A.  Smead,  who  was  then 
burgess.  The  names  of  the  charter  members  and  the  first  officers  of  this  organi- 
zation, are  as  follows:  W.  C.  Adams,  president;  I.  L.  Eich,  vice-president; 
Daniel  Berry,  treasurer;  W.  C.  Wells,  secretary;  H.  Pickering,  chief  engineer; 
George  Abrams,  foreman;  E.  D.  Brigham,  first  assistant;  George  M.  Eice,  second 
assistant;  J.  F.  Decker,  Alfred  J.  Dewey,  A.  A.  Porter,  F.  D.  Eeynolds,  E.  B. 
Smith,  W.  Marsh,  W.  J.  Hughes,  Eoyal  Wheeler,  F.  L.  Aiken,  John  Day,  John 
J.  Davis,  Jr.,  Daniel  Holleran,  B.  B.  Eundall,  F.  W.  Shappee,  John  Kreiger,  W. 
Jack  and  Herman  Kemp. 

FIEE    AND    FLOOD. 

On  the  evening  of  February  9,  1871,  a  fire,  originating  in  the  restaurant  of 
the  basement  of  A.  C.  Bush's  store,  resulted  in  the  destruction  of  the  business 
portion  of  the  borough.  It  swept  away  thirteen  stores,  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  and  rectory,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  building,  one  law  office,  one 
wagon  shop,  the  bank  building,  the  old  Goodrich  Hotel  and  the  newer  Smith 
Hotel  buildings,  a  marble  shop,  two  dwellings  and  a  number  of  outbuildings. 
The  loss  of  these,  with  their  contents,  though  severely  felt  by  their  owners, 
proved,  in  the  end,  of  benefit  to  the  borough.     Aside  from  calling  into  activity  a 


TIOGA    BOEOTTGH.  glQ 


latent  spirit  of  enterprise,  and  giving  to  the  borough  a  new  impetus  in  the 
direction  of  progress  and  prosperity,  it  led  to  the  establishment  of  fire  limits,  and 
the  passage  of  an  ordinance  prohibiting  the  erection  of  wooden  buildings  within 
the  burnt  district.  The  work  of  rebuilding  was  promptly  begun,  and  it  was  not 
long  before  the  old  wooden  structures  were  replaced  by  substantial  and  sightly 
buildings  of  brick  and  stone.  These  not  only  add  much  to  the  appearance  of 
the  business  portion  of  the  borough,  but  afford  a  reasonable  security  against  a 
repetition  of  the  calamity. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  Saturday,  June  1,  1889,  the  people  of  the  borough 
were  aroused  from  their  slumbers  by  an  invasion  of  the  waters  of  Crooked  creek 
and  the  Tioga  river  into  the  lower  stories  of  their  houses.  These  streams,  swollen 
by  the  incessant  rains  of  the  previous  day  and  night,  had  overflowed  their  banks, 
and  had  risen  with  unprecedented  rapidity.  In  a  few  hours  the  water  stood  from 
one  to  six  feet  deep  in  the  residences,  and  was  over  the  counter  tops  of  most  of 
the  stores  in  the  borough.  So  sudden  and  rapid  was  the  rise,  coming  as  it  did 
in  the  last  hours  of  the  night  when  the  people  of  the  borough  were  wrapped 
in  slumber,  that  there  was  no  time  to  prepare  for  it.  Millions  of  feet  of  logs, 
lumber  and  timber,  borne  on  the  rushing  and  rapidly  rising  current,  added  terror 
to  the  situation,  threatening,  as  they  did,  the  entire  destruction  of  the  town. 
The  people  fled  to  the  upper  stories  of  their  buildings  or  sought  safety  on  the 
hillsides,  and  many  stories  of  remarkable  escapes  from  death  are  related  by  those 
who  were  taken  unawares  by  the  sudden  rising  of  the  waters,  which  attained  a 
height  of  four  or  five  feet  beyond  any  other  flood  in  the  history  of  the  borough. 
The  lodgement  of  logs,  lumber,  outbuildings,  etc.,  in  the  ten-acre  orchard  at  the 
back  of  the  A.  C.  Bush  residence,  proved  providential,  and  prevented  many  build- 
ings from  being  torn  from  their  foundations  and  carried  down  stream.  The 
breaking  of  Crooked  creek  through  the  embankment  southeast  of  the  borough, 
added  volume  to  the  flood  and  peril  to  the  situation,  and  for  a  time  the  entire 
destruction  of  the  place  seemed  imminent.  The  flood  attained  its  greatest  height 
in  about  four  hoiirs,  and  receded  as  rapidly  as  it  rose,  leaving  the  streets,  yards, 
gardens,  and  vacant  lots  filled  with  logs  and  a  miscellaneous  accumulation  of 
trash  and  debris.  The  carpets,  floors  and  submerged  contents  of  residences  and 
business  houses  were  covered  with  a  deposit  of  several  inches  of  mud,  and 
furniture,  books,  goods,  etc.,  were  either  greatly  damaged  or  utterly  ruined.  The 
loss  of  property,  within  the  borough  limits  alone,  exceeded  $50,000,  the  heaviest 
individual  losers  being  Eobert  Bishop  and  T.  A.  Wickham.  The  box  factory  of 
the  former,  on  Park  street,  was  badly  wrecked,  and  nearly  his  entire  stock  of 
lumber,  including  300,000  feet  of  box  pine,  was  carried  away.  His  loss  was 
$7,000.  Mr.  "Wickham  lost  logs  and  lumber  to  the  value  of  $5,000.  Growing 
Crops  in  flelds  and  gardens  were  destroyed,  and  it  was  months  before  the  streets, 
alleys  and  individual  grounds  were  cleared  of  the  logs,  lumber  and  debris  of  the 
flood,  and  the  borough  resumed  its  former  neat  and  attractive  appearance.  As 
in  the  case  of  the  fire  of  1871,  measures  were  immediately  taken  to  prevent  a 
recurrence  of  the  disaster.  * 

The  following  entry  relative  to  this  inundation  appears  in  the  record  book 
of  the  borough  clerk,  under  date  of  June  1,  1889: 


520  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


GEEAT  FLOOD 

Water  higher,  by  four  and  a  half  to  five  feet,  than  ever  known  here  before.  This 
book  was  under  water  six  to  eight  hours.  The  streets  were  filled  with  logs,  flood  trash 
and  outbuildings,  after  the  water  went  down. 

This  flood,  and  the  damage  to  property  resulting  from  it,  led  the  council  to 
provide  for  the  construction  of  a  dyke  along  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga  river, 
from  the  southern  limit  of  the  borough  to  the  foot  of  Broad  street.  This  dyke, 
which  cost  betn^een  $2,000  and  $3,000,  is  above  high  water  mark,  and  will,  it  is 
believed,  protect  the  borough  from  further  inundation. 


CHAPTEE  XLIY. 

LAWEENCE  TOWISTSHIP  AND  LAWEENCEVILLE*. 

Township  Organization— Selection  of  Name— Boundaries  and  Area— Physical 
Features— Early  Land  Troubles— Conflicting  Claims  of  Pennsylvania 
AND  Connecticut— Final  Settlement  of  the  Dispute— The  State  Line 
Survey— Hon.  Samuel  Baker,  the  First  White  Settler- Other  Early  Set- 
tlers—The Borough  of  Lawrenceville— Manufacturing  and  Business 
Enterprises— Physicians  and  Lavtyers- Newspapers— Schools— Churches, 
Sabbath-Schools  and  Cemeteries— Justices  and  Burgesses— Societies— 
horacetown. 


PEIOK  to  1816  the  township  of  Tioga,  which  originally  included  all  of  Tioga 
county,  had  been  reduced  by  the  formation  of  other  townships,  to  a  terri- 
tory six  and  one-half  miles  wide  from  east  to  west,  extending  from  its  present 
southern  boundary  north,  nine  and  three-fourths  miles  to  the  State  line.  At 
the  February  term  of  court,  1816,  a  petition  was  presented,  signed  by  Joseph  M. 
McCormick,  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  James  Baldwin,  Nathaniel  Seely,  Emmer  Bowen, 
Andrew  Bosard,  Joseph  Bennet,  John  Hazlett,  Ebenezer  Baldwin,  John  AUing- 
ton  and  James  Daily,  praying  for  a  certain  described  territory,  comprising  the 
northern  part  of  Tioga  and  the  eastern  part  of  Elkland,  to  be  erected  into  a 
separate  township.  Whereupon,  February  32,  1816,  the  court  appointed  Charles 
Blanchard,  John  Cady  and  Daniel  Walker,  viewers,  who  at  the  following  term 
reported  in  favor  of  setting  off  the  new  township,  and  the  report  was  confirmed 
nisi.  At  the^  September  term  following  (September  16),  "upon  the  petition  of 
divers  inhabitants  of  the  townships  of  Tioga  and  Elkland,  setting  forth  that  a 

*  By  Rev.  David  Craft,  of  I^awrenceville. 


LAWRENCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENOEVILLE.  521 

township  hath  lately  been  formed  out  of  part  of  each  of  the  townships  of  Elkland 
and  Tioga,  which  township,  if  confirmed  by  order  of  the  court,  will  be  injurious 
and  burdensome"  to  the  inhabitants  of  said  townships,  and  therefore  "pray  the 
court  to  appoint  suitable  persons  to  reyiew  the  same.  The  court  upon  due  con- 
sideration do  order  and  appoint  Ebenezer  Seelye,  Elihu  Hill  and  Lorentes  Jack- 
son, to  review  the  township  thus  laid  off  as  aforesaid  and  enquire  into  the  pro- 
priety of  forming  the  same."  At  the  following  December  term  (December  6), 
the  reviewers  reported  as  follows:  "That  we  consider  the  convenience  of  a  more 
compact  township  to  overbalance  the  expense  that  will  eventually  arise  from  such 
division,  therefore,  think  proper  that  the  new  township  begin  at  the  ninety-fifth  mile- 
stone of  the  York  State  line;  thence  south  four  miles  to  a  hemlock  comer;  thence 
east  eight  miles  and  a  half  to  a  stake;  thence  north  four  miles  to  the  State  line; 
thence  along  said  State  line  [west]  to  the  place  of  beginning.  The  report  having 
been  read  the  first  time  on  the  17th  of  this  month,  December,  and  a  second  time 
on  the  18th  instant,  the  court  (consisting  of  Hon.  James  Burnside,  president;  Ira 
Kilburn  and  Samuel  W.  Morris,  associate  judges)  do  approve  and  confirm  the 
same,  and  order  and  direct  that  it  be  entered  of  record,  according  to  the  courses 
and  distances  aforesaid,  and  in  grateful  remembrance  of  the  gallant  James  Law- 
rence, of  the  United  States  navy,  who  fell  in  the  action  between  the  Chesapeake 
and  the  Shannon,  call  this  township  Lawrence." 

The  township  as  thus  described  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  New  York 
state  line,  on  the  east  by  Jackson,  on  the  south  by  Tioga  and  Farmington,  on  the 
west  by  Farmington  and  Kelson,  and  contains  thirty-four  squsj-e  miles,  30,760 
acres,  nearly  all  of  which  is  arable  land.  The  Tioga  river  enters  the  south  line 
of  the  township  about  three  miles  from  its  southeast  corner,  takes  a  course  a  little 
west  of  north,  leaving  the  township  a  few  rods  east  of  the  ninetieth  milestone. 
The  Cowanesque,  its  principal  affluent,  enters  the  township  from  the  west,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  south  from  its  northwest  corner,  flows  in  a  mean  northeasterly 
direction,  leaves  the  township  between  the  ninetieth  and  ninety-first  milestones, 
and  empties  itself  into  the  Tioga  a  short  distance  north  of  the  State  line.  These 
streams  flow  through  broad  valleys,  whose  rich  soil,  of  deep  alluvium,  is  very  pro- 
ductive and  adapted  to  great  variety  of  culture.  While  all  crops  are  remu- 
nerative, of  late  years  tobacco  has  been  the  leading  product.  The  valleys  are 
bounded  by  low  ranges  of  hills  from  500  to  600  feet  in  height,  when  they  spread 
out  in  broken  plateaus,  which,  until  recently,  were  heavily  timbered,  but  now 
contain  some  of  the  best  farms  in  the  coimty.  The  principal  streams  that  fall 
into  the  Tioga  from  the  east  are.  Smith's,  Hart's  and  Westbrook  creeks,  which, 
having  their  heads  in  the  plateau  above  the  river  flats,  have  cut  deep  ravines 
through  the  soft  shales,  not  wide  enough  for  farming  purposes,  but  affording 
magnificent  scenery  and  beautiful  drives  on  roads  of  easy  grades.  The  Tioga 
branch  of  the  Erie  railway  is  built  in  the  ravine  of  Westbrook  creek.  On  the 
west  there  are  no  affluents  of  any  size  within  the  limits  of  the  township.  A  creek 
of  considerable  size,  having  its  sources  in  the  Farmington  hills,  flows  into  the 
Cowanesque  at  Tompkins,  the  only  affluent  of  much  volume  it  receives  after  enter- 
ing the  township. 


522  HISTOKT    OF    TIOQA    COUNTY. 


BAKLT  LAND  TROUBLES. 

Those  familiar  with  Pennsylvania  history  will  remember  that  the  charter  of 
the  Connecticut  Colony  gave  her  a  territory  extending  through  its  entire  breadth 
of  latitude  from  Charles  river  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  except  where  occupied  by 
some  other  Christian  prince  or  State.  The  territory  subsequently  grajited  to 
William  Penn  lapped  tipon  this  grant  more  than  the  width  of  one  degree  of 
latitude,  across  the  entire  northern  part  of  Pennsylvania.  Connecticut  claimed 
this  on  the  ground  that  her  charter  was  nineteen  years  older  than  Penn's.  Ac- 
cordingly, in  1754,  she  assigned  to  certain  freemen  and  their  associates,  known 
as  the  Susquehanna  Company,  that  portion  of  her  territory  from  ten  miles  east 
of  the  northeast  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  westward  through  the  whole 
breadth  of  latitude,  two  degrees  of  longitude,  or  one  hundred  twenty  miles,  or 
measured  on  the  State  boundary  line  from  the  forty-sixth  to  the  one  hundred 
sixty-sixth  milestone — from  the  eastern  part  of  Bradford  county  to  the  Tuna 
valley  in  McKean.  The  strifes,  conflicts,  captures,  reprisals,  destruction  of 
property,  special  legislation,  compromises  and  law  suits,  growing  out  of  this 
claim,  which  disturbed  the  Susquehanna  valley  for  half  a  century,  cannot  here 
be  discussed.  The  New  England  settlers  believing  the  Pennsylvania  government 
had  taken  an  unfair  advantage  of  the  "Decree  of  Trenton,"  made  December  30, 
1782,  which  conceded  to  Pennsylvania  the  jurisdiction  and  pre-emption  of  the 
disputed  strip,  by  the  oppressive,  unreasonable  and  tyrannical  legislation,  which 
had  been  harshly  enforced  against  them,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Hartford,  July 
13,  1785,  at  which  it  was  resolved  that  the  company  would  support  its  claim  to 
the  purchase,  protect  the  settlers  and  give  as  a  gratuity  a  large  number  of  rights 
to  such  as  would  come  upon  the  ground  and  maintain  by  force  and  arms,  if  need 
be,  their  possessions.  This  resolution  was  scattered  broadcast  over  New  England 
and  hundreds,  mostly  young  men,  or  relatives  of  the  old  settlers,  rushed  upon 
the  disputed  territory. 

In  disposing  of  their  lands,  the  company  surveyed  them  into  townships  as 
nearly  five  miles  square  as  the  conformity  of  the  land  would  allow,  each  con- 
taining twenty-five  square  miles,  or  lp,000  acres,  which  were  divided  into  fifty- 
three  shares  or  rights  of  300  acres  each,  fifty  of  which  were  for  settlers  and  three 
for  public  use.  Hamilton,  which  embraced  the  present  borough  of  Lawrence- 
ville,  was  granted  as  early  as  1790.  May  30,  1796,  Major  Zephon  Flower,  the 
surveyor  of  the  Susquehanna  Company,  ran  the  projection  of  the  east  line  of  it 
for  fifteen  miles.  His  field  notes  read:  "A  survey  of  part  of  Hemhnton  and 
other  towns."  Beginning  at  the  eighty-ninth  milestone  he  indicates  the  streams 
crossed  and  their  courses,  with  observations  as  to  the  timber,  quality  of  land,  etc. 

The  earliest  emigrants  into  this  county  were  mostly  young  men  from  New 
England  and  eastern  New  York,  either  single  or  recently  married,  who,  availing 
themselves  of  the  liberal  offers  of  the  Susquehanna  Company,  thought  to  secure 
for  themselves,  at  small  price,  farms  and  homes  on  the  rich  bottom  lands  of  the 
Tioga  and  the  Cowanesque.  Their  route  was  by  the  way  of  the  Susquehanna  and 
Tioga  rivers  through  Athens,  Newtown,  now  Elmira,  and  Painted  Post  to  their 
destination. 

Immediately  after  the  piirchase  of  the  Indian  claim  by  Pennsylvania  to  the 


LAWEBNCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENCEVILLE.  523 

north-western  portion  of  her  territory,  the  land  office  was  opened  and  the  land  sur- 
veyed and  offered  for  sale  at  a  price  which  was  soon  reduced  to  six  and  one-fourth 
cents  per  acre.  Speculation  ran  wild.  Philadelphia  merchants,  bankers,  men  hold- 
ing public  office  and  others  invested  to  the  utmost  limit  of  their  money  and  credit. 
As  early  as  May,  1785,  warrants  of  survey  were  laid  on  both  sides  of  the  rivers,  and 
patents  were  granted  on  some  of  them  as  early  as  1793.  Great  efforts  were  made 
to  sell  these  warrants  to  settlers,  but  the  uncertainty  about  title  led  them  to  hesitate 
in  making  investments.  Men  who  had  embarked  in  these  speculations  soon  found 
themselves  greatly  embarrassed  and  unable  to  maJce  their  payments.  Their  lands 
were  sold  by  sheriffs  and  United  States  marshals  for  taxes  and  warrant  fees,  and 
many  were  hopelessly  ruined. 

In  the  meanwhile,  after  pursuing  a  vacillating  course  toward  the  Connecticut 
people  for  more  than  sixteen  year,  in  1799,  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  reached 
a  settled  policy  in  its  dealings  with  them.  The  confirming  law  passed  that  year, 
with  its  various  supplements,  made  a  distinction  between  the  Susquehanna  Com- 
pany's settlers  prior  to  the  Decree  of  Trenton  and  those  who  came  later — "half- 
share  men" — confirming  the  titles  of  the  former  to  the  lands  they  occupied,  and, 
using  the  language  of  an  eminent  judge,  "cutting  up  the  pretended  titles  of  the 
half -share  men  by  the  roots." 

The  question  of  title  being  settled  the  landholders,  in  1806,  appointed  as  their 
agent  Thomas  Overton,  of  Ulster,  Bradford  county,  who  came  here  in  the  summer 
of  that  year,  and  with  great  tact  and  persuasion  prevailed  upon  most  of  the  settlers 
to  abandon  their  worthless  Connecticut  titles  and  buy  of  the  Pennsylvania  owners. 
The  people  had  no  money.  The  little  they  once  had,  had  been  expended  in  the 
purchase  of  their  Connecticut  rights  and  the  improvement  of  their  farms.  Mr. 
Overton,  however,  arranged  easy  terms  of  payment,  which  was  secured  by  bond  and 
mortgage  upon  the  holding.  He  was  succeeded  by  Michael  E.  Tharp,  who  adjusted 
the  great  majority  of  titles  and  is  still  remembered  by  the  older  people.  The  first 
volume  of  records  in  the  recorder's  office  in  this  county  is  mostly  filled  with  mort- 
gages upon  farms  along  the  river  given  to  secure  the  payment  of  the  purchase  money, 
and  many  of  the  deeds  contain  a  warranty  which  can  only  be  understood  by  remem- 
bering that  to  a  part  or  the  whole  of  the  land  conveyed  there  was  an  adverse  title 
from  another  State. 

In  1786  commissioners  and  surveyors  began  to  run  the  boundary  line  between 
the  States  of  'New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  beginning  at  the  Delaware  river  and  going 
westward.  When  reaching  the  ninetieth  milestone,  which  stands  near  the  northeast 
corner  of  William  Kuhl's  barn,  in  the  borough  of  Lawreneeville,  they  suspended 
work  until  the  following  spring,  when  it  was  resumed.  At  the  re-survey  of  this 
line,  in  1879,  astronomical  observations  were  taken  at  this  point,  which  was  found 
to  be  exactly  42°  00^  .01't0".14  north  latitude,  the  exact  parallel  cutting  the  houses 
on  the  north  side  of  State  street.  At  the  time  of  running  this  line  there  was  not  a 
white  settler  farther  up  the  Tioga  than  Painted  Post.  The  open  plains  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Cowanesque,  where  generations  before  the  red  man  had  cultivated  his 
corn  and  squashes,  had  now  grown  up  in  hazel  bushes,  or  were  covered  with  wild  grass 
higher  than  a  man's  head,  but  as  yet  no  white  man  had  sought  it  for  a  habitation  or 
located  upon  its  fertile  meadows  his  future  home. 


524  HISTOET    OF    TIOSA    COUNTY. 


HON.    SAMUEL    BAKEE,    THE    FIEST    WHITE    SETTLES. 

The  distinction  of  being  the  first  white  settler  within  the  township  of  Lawrence, 
and  indeed  in  the  county  of  Tioga,  belongs  to  the  Hon.  Samuel  Baker,*  late  of 
Steuben  county,  Few  York.  He  was  born  in  Branford,  Connecticut,  April  24, 1763, 
of  Puritan  ancestry.  Jonathan  Baker,  father  of  Samuel,  removed  with  his  family 
to  White  Creek,  Washington  county,  ISTew  York,  before  the  Revolutionary  War. 
Early  in  August,  1777,  Burgoyne  was  marching  by  easy  stages  from  Ticonderoga  to 
the  Hudson.  The  forests  in  advance  of  him  were  swarming  with  hostile  savages. 
One  of  these  parties  came  upon  young  Baker  and  a  younger  brother  picking  berries. 
Both  boys  hid  themselves  and  might  have  escaped  had  not  Samuel  been  too  anxious 
to  see  a  live  Indian,  when  he  was  discovered  and  captured.  The  next  day,  after  a 
journey  of  considerable  hardship,  the  party  reached  the  camp  of  Burgoyne,  and 
Samuel  was  redeemed  by  a  British  officer  for  twelve  dollars,  and  became  a  waiter 
at  army  headquarters.  After  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  he  was  found  by  an 
American  officer,  who  gave  him  two  dollars  and  told  him  to  go  home,  which  he  did, 
and  remained  there  until  1781.  In  that  year,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  enlisted  in 
Col.  Maxius  Willett's  regiment,  for  the  protection  of  Tryon  county,  and  took  part 
in  the  skirmish  of  Canada  Creek,  in  which  the  noted  Tory  leader,  Capt.  Walter 
Butler,  was  killed. 

In  1786  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Eichaxd  Daniels.  Having  pur- 
chased a  right  in  the  Susquehanna  Company,  in  the  spring  of  1787,  provided  with 
only  his  rifle,  he  started  alone  to  locate  his  land  on  the  Tioga,  the  unexplored  west. 
Striking  the  headwaters  of  the  Susquehanna,  he  came  to  Tioga  Point  (now  Athens), 
then  pushed  up  the  Tioga  to  Painted  Post,  and  on  to  its  junction  with  the  Cowan- 
esque,  and  there  he  built  his  cabin  and  commenced  a  clearing.  His  log  house  was 
near  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga,  almost  directly  east  of  the  residence  of  Charles  Beebe, 
in  Lawrenceville,  near  a  large  oak  on  the  lands  of  Mrs.  Damon.  He  was  the  first 
settler  in  the  valley  of  the  Tioga  in  Pennsylvania.  Samuel  Harris,  son  of  John 
Harris,  the  founder  of  Harrisburg,  located  at  Painted  Post,  was  his  nearest  neighbor, 
and  next  to  him  was  Colonel  Hendry,  below  Big  Flats.  Having  provided  himself 
with  a  cow,  purchased  probably  at  Tioga  Point,  Mr.  Baker  managed  to  live  through 
the  summer.  He  planted  with  his  hoe  a  piece  of  com  and  raised  a  good  crop. 
Game  and  fish  were  to  he  had  at  his  own  door. 

Before  autumn  he  was  joined  by  Capt.  Amos  Stone,  who  had  been  a  prominent 
actor  in  Shay^s  notable  rebellion  against  the  operation  of  the  Federal  Constitution 
in  western  Massachusetts.  Shay's  army  was  defeated  January  35,  1787,  and  his 
adherents  sought  refuge  from  the  federal  authorities  wherever  they  could.  Baker 
and  Stone  remained  here  alone  until  Christmas  day,  1787,  when  Baker,  leaving 
Captain  Stone  to  hold  his  claim,  started  for  the  Hudson  to  bring  on  his  wife  and 
child.  The  weather  was  severe.  Night  overtook  him  at  Big  Flats.  He  kindled 
a  fire  on  the  bank  of  the  river  and  laid  down,  but  though  accustomed  to  exposure, 
so  intense  was  the  cold  he  could  not  sleep.  Early  in  the  morning  he  resumed  his 
journey,  and  in  due  time  reached  his  family  in  safety. 

*  For  the  facts  relating  to  Samuel  Baker  and  Richard  Daniels,  I  am  indebted  to  A.  J.  McAU,  Esq.,  of  Bath, 
New  York,  who.  obtained  them  at  first  hand. 


LAWEENCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENCEVILLB.  525 

In  the  spring  of  1788  he  brought  his  wife  and  infant  daughter,  accompanied 
by  his  wife's  father  and  mother,  to  Tioga  Point.  Leaving  his  family  here  until 
the  freshet  in  the  Tioga  should  subside,  he  struck  across  the  country  to  see  how  his 
friend  Stone  fared.  On  reaching  the  bank  opposite  his  cabin  not  a  human  being, 
except  an  Indian  pounding  corn  in  a  samp  mortar,  was  to  be  seen.  Baker  supposed 
his  friend  had  been  murdered  by  the  savages,  and  he  lay  in  the  bushes  an  hour  or 
two  to  watch  the  red  miller.  At  length  he  saw  the  captain  driving  the  cow  along 
the  bank  of  the  river.  Baker  hailed  him,  when  Stone,  seeing  who  it  was,  sprang 
into  the  air  with  delight.  He  had  not  seen  the  face  of  a  white  man  during  Baker's 
absence.  In  a  few  days,  returning  to  the  Point,  he  brought  his  wife  and  little  one 
and  his  wife's  parents  to  their  new  home  in  the  forest. 

Now  that  his  family  was  with  him,  Mr.  Baker,  with  redoubled  energy  and  zeal, 
set  himself  to  work  to  make  for  them  a  comfortable  home.  There  were  many 
Indians  living  in  the  neighborhood,  who,  though  peaceable,  yet  now  and  then  by 
their  unexpected  visits  caused  the  young  wife  some  trepidation.  She  had,  however, 
far  more  dangerous  neighbors  in  the  deadly  rattlesnakes  which  swarmed  in  great 
numbers  in  the  vicinity.  One  day  while  engaged  in  some  out  of  door  duties,  her 
little  one,  whom  she  had  carried  in  her  arms  from  the  Hudson  the  year  before,  was 
sitting  upon  the  sUl  of  the  open  door.  Casually  turning  her  eyes  that  way,  the 
mother  witnessed  a  sight  that  would  have  paralyzed  an  ordinary  woman.  A  large 
rattler  was  eoUed  in  front  of  the  child  attempting  to  charm  it,  while  the  child  was 
reaching  out  her  tiny  hand  to  clutch  the  sparkling,  diamond-like  eyes  of  the  reptile. 
The  snake  would  duck  its  head  to  avoid  the  hand.  This  it  did  several  times.  The 
mother,  equal  to  the  emergency,  flew  to  the  rescue,  reached  over  the  glittering 
charmer,  seized  the  child,  threw  it  into  the  house  and  killed  the  snake.  Por  several 
years  the  sturdy  pioneer  quietly  pursued  his  labors  and  diligently  sought  to  enlarge 
his  clearing  and  make  comfortable  his  woodland  home. 

Early  in  June,  1793,  the  settlers  were  startled  by  a  cavalcade  of  battered,  travel- 
stained  horsemen,  and  shaggy,  leather-dressed  hunters  emerging  from  the  forest 
into  the  clearing.  Their  first  thought  was  of  a  party  of  Pennsylvanians  to  dis- 
possess them  of  their  homes  which  they  were  holding  under  a  Connecticut  title 
that  had  been  declared  void  by  the  Pennsylvania  legislature.  The  leader  was  a  tall, 
spare,  dark-visaged  gentleman  of  courtly  manner  and  bearing,  who,  as  he  gracefully 
vaulted  from  his  saddle,  introduced  himself  as  Captain  Williamson,  "of  whom  you 
have  doubtless  heard,"  and  craved  the  hospitality  of  the  frontiersman.  The  greet- 
ing in  return  was  most  cordial,  and  from  that  day  the  two  men  were  fast  friends. 

Great  uneasiness  was  begimiing  to  be  felt  by  the  settlers  here  on  account  of 
the  uncertainty  of  their  Connecticut  titles.  Captain  Williamson  promised  Mr. 
Baker  a  farm,  with  a  clear  title,  of  any  shape  or  size  he  should  wish  wherever  he 
should  locate  it  on  the  Pultney  estate.  At  the  suggestion  of  Benjamin  Patterson, 
one  of  Williamson's  surveyors,  he  located  a  farm  in  the  deep  and  beautiful  valley 
extending  from  Lake  Keuka  to  the  Conhocton.  In  the  summer  of  1793  he  went 
upon  his  location,  erected  a  log  house,  made  a  clearing,  receiving  a  conveyance  from 
Mr.  Williamson,  dated  October  19,  1793,  for  300  acres  of  land,  after  which  he  re- 
turned for  his  family.  In  the  spring  of  1794  he  removed  from  the  Cowanesque 
with  his  wife  and  four  children,  viz:    The  daughter  bom  on  the  Hudson,  and  two 


pqg  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


daughters  and  one  son,  William,  bom  on  the  Tiogaf,  to  his  farm  in  Pleasant  valley. 
Here  he  continued  to  reside  in  peace  and  comfort,  beloved  and  respected,  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  December  2,  1843.  His  wife  was  a  woman  of  great  strength 
of  mind  and  high  character,  stately  in  manner  and  a  most  devoted  member  of  the 
Episcopal  church.  Beside  the  four  children  they  had  on  leaving  Lawrenceville, 
eight  were  bom  to  them  in  Pleasant  valley. 

OTHEK   EAELT   SETTLERS. 

Eichard  Daniels,  father-in-law  of  Samuel  Balcer,  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  and  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  War  of  1754.  Soon  after  the  war  he 
returned  to  Columbia  county,  New  York,  and  married  Cornelia  Hoos,  a  near  rela- 
tive of  Martin  Van  Buren,  and  took  up  his  residence  in  Coxsackie,  New  York.  In 
the  War  of  the  Eevolution  he  was  a  loyalist,  but  his  wife  was  a  tme,  spirited 
American,  and  in  every  way  his  superior.  He  was  "a  North  Kiver  Dutchman,  short, 
stout,  stubbom  and  thrifty."  They  had  two  children,  Elizabeth,  who  was  said  to 
be  the  very  likeness  of  her  mother,  and  married  Samuel  Baker,  and  Mary,  ,who  died 
unmarried,  probably  before  leaving  their  Coxsackie  home.  He  accompanied  his 
daughter  to  Lawrenceville  in  1788,  where  he  had  a  log  house  near  his  son-in-law. 
Mrs.  Daniels  brought  some  apple  seeds,  which  she  planted,  and  from  which  grew  trees 
that  were  standing  near  the  site  of  their  residence  until  a  few  years  since.  He  fol- 
lowed Mr.  Baker  into  Pleasant  valley  in  1794,  where  he  had  a  beautiful  farm  north 
of  the  inlet,  which  he  conveyed  to  his  grandson,  Eichard  Baker,  in  1816,  and  soon 
after  was  laid  to  rest. 

Amos  Stone  was  a  captain  in  the  Connecticut  Line  in  the  Eevolutionary  War, 
and  an  active  participant  in  Shay's  Eebellion.  He  was  bom  in  1759  and  unmar- 
ried when  he  came  to  Lawrenceville,  but  in  the  winter  of  1789  he  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Ives*,  of  Newtown,  now  Elmira,  New  York,  and  brought  his  wife  to  Lawrence- 
ville on  a  "pung."  He  lived  a  near  neighbor  to  his  friend,  Mr.  Baker,  and  removed 
with  him  to  Pleasant  valley  in  1794,  purchasing  the  farm  next  east  of  Baker.  The 
conveyance  from  Williamson  is  dated  December  4,  1793,  for  160  acres,  which  he 
paid  for  by  cutting  the  road  from  Bath,  New  York.  He  lived  to  the  advanced  age 
of  eighty-three  years,  entering  into  rest  in  1842,  having  outlived  his  wife  a  number 
of  years.  He  was  light-hearted  and  jolly,  making  many  friends,  an  intelligent  and 
respectable  farmer,  and  left  many  descendants. 

Of  William  Barney  but  little  is  known,  except  that  he  came  from  the  "North. 
Eiver"  and  settled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mr.  Balier.  There  are  very  strong  rea- 
sons for  believing  that  his  log  house  was  on  the  north  side  of  the  Cowanesque,  on 
the  farm  subsequently  owned  by  John  Cady.  That  he  had  a  family  is  certain,  as 
in  1811  his  son,  George  Barney,  writes  from  Vincennes,  "Indiana  territory,"  to  a 
friend  describing  his  home,  etc.,  who  must  have  been  at  least  twenty-one  years  old, 
and  bom  before  his  father  left  the  Cowanesque.  He  also  removed  to  Pleasant 
valley,  bought  a  farm  adjoining  those  of  his  old  Pennsylvania  neighbors,  the  con- 

f  Some  of  these  were,  no  doubt,  the  first  white  children  born  in  Tioga  county. 

*  She  was  doubtless  of  the  family  of  Ives  who  subsequently  settled  in  Tioga,  but  who  were  for  a  short  time- 
at  Southport.    They  were  from  Bristol,  Connecticut,  near  where  Captain  Stone  had  lived. 


LAWKENCB    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENCEYILLE.  527 


veyance  bearing  date  October  18,  1793,  for  160  acres.  These  four  families  seem 
to  be  almost  inseparable.  They  came  on  the  Tioga  nearly  the  same  time,  settled 
near  each  other  here,  left  the  same  spring  for  Pleasant  valley,  where  they  took 
adjacent  farms,  and  all  of  them  lived  to  an  advanced  age. 

Another  pioneer  of  considerable  note  in  his  day  was  William  Holden.  He 
came  also  from  the  neighborhood  of  Albany,  New  York,  when  a  mere  boy.  There 
is  a  tradition  that  he  accompanied  the  party  who  came  to  survey  the  State  boundary 
line.  He  was  here  before  1790,  probably  as  early  as  1788*.'  At  that  time  he  was 
but  a  young  lad.  In  the  assessment  for  1800  his  age  is  given  at  twenty-eight.  He 
built  a  log  cabin  west  of  the  present  Main  street,  in  Lawrenceville,  and  put  under 
cultivation  a  few  acres  of  ground.  About  1795,  having  sold  his  possession  to  Uriah 
Spencer,  he  went  up  thg  Cowanesque  and  made  a  settlement  at  Osceola,  on  Holden 
brook,  which  is  named  in  his  honor.  He  was  a  bachelor  and  seems  not  tO'  have  had 
a  residence  at  any  one  place  for  a  great  length  of  time.  He  was  expert  in  making 
post  and  rail  fence,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  was  employed  the  most 
of  the  time  in  that  occupation  by  the  farmers.  He  fell  a  victim  to  the  drink  habit, 
and  for  several  years  was  maintained  at  public  expense.  He  died  near  Pritchard 
station  about  1846,  about  seventy-four  years  of  age,  and  was  buried  in  a  little  ceme- 
tery near  Henry  Colgrove's.  He  was  of  good  family.  After  he  became  a  public 
charge  he  was  visited  by  his  brother  and  sister,  both  in  affluent  circumstances,  who 
desired  him  to  return  and  spend  his  remaining  days  with  them.  This  he  refused 
on  the  ground  that  his  tastes  and  habits  were  such  as  to  reflect  upon  them,  while 
the  culture  and  refinement  of  their  home  would  be  an  uncomfortable  restraint  upon 
him.  He  was  a  man  of  much  natural  ability  and  shrewdness,  and  had  his  surround- 
ings and  early  opportimities  been  of  a  more  favorable  character  he  would  have  made 
his  mark  in  the  world. 

The  period  from  1790  to  1800  was  one  of  considerable  activity  along  the  Tioga 
valley.  At  the  first  named  date  there  was  no  road  except  nature's  highway,  the 
river,  and  the  trail  of  the  boundary  surveyors  now  being  rapidly  obliterated.  There 
was  not  a  saw-mill  nor  a  flouring-mill  in  the  county.  The  settlers  were  compelled 
to  go  to  Tioga  Point  for  anything  better  in  the  way  of  breadstuSs  than  their  samp 
mortars  afforded.  In  1791  an  act  was  passed  providing  for  the  opening  of  a  road 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Loyalsock  creek  to  where  the  State  line  crosses  Troup's  creek. 
The  survey  was  made  in  the  spring  of  1793.  It  crossed  the  Tioga  at  the  forty- 
eighth  milestone  near  the  south  line  of  the  township;  thence  in  a  northwesterly 
direction,  crossing  the  Cowanesque  near  the  present  railroad  bridge;  thence  in  a 
west  by  northwest  course  to  the  ninety-second  milestone  on  the  State  line.  Near 
the  Cowanesque  crossing  on  the  north  side  is  marked  "Baker's  house,"  evidently  a 
mistake,  probably  "Barney's."  The  road,  however,  was  never  opened.  In  1793-93 
Capt.  Charles  Williamson,  agent  for  the  Pultney  estate,  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
was  engaged  in  opening  a  wagon  road  from  Williamsport,  on  the  West  Branch,  to 
Williamsburg,  on  the  Canaseraga  creek,  a  distance  of  150  miles.     The  survey  of  this 

*  Captain  Buel  Baldwin  said  that  Colonel  Eleazer  Lindsley's  settlement  on  his  tract  north  of  the  State  line 
preceded  by  some  little  time  the  construction  of  the  Williamson  road,  as  also  did  the  settlement  of  William 
Holden  on  the  south  side. 


628 


HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


road  followed  tlie  east  bank  of  the  Tioga  the  entire  width  of  the  township*,  hut  when 
the  road  was  huilt,  on  account  of  expense  in  constraetion,  it  crossed  the  Tioga  a 
mile  above  the  State  line,  and  became  the  present  main  street  of  the  borough  of 
Lawrenceville.  In  May,  1793,  the  Williamson  party  of  road  makers  was  at 
Lawrenceville.  In  Williamson's  account  book,  under  date  of  May  3,  1793,  is  the 
entry,  "To  cash  paid  Samuel  Baker  for  Mr.  Bennitt  on  account  of  his  charge  to  the 
Germans,  $14.30.''  This  road  made  the  Tioga  valley  accessible  to  the  people  about 
Sunbury  and  Northumberland,  and  brought  a  large  emigration  to  this  township 
from  that  paxt  of  the  country,  mostly  of  the  class  known  as  "Pennsylvania  Dutch," 
a  hardy,  thrifty  race. 

April  11,  1795,  was  passed  by  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  the  "Intrusion  Law," 
inflicting  heavy  fines  and  imprisonment  upon  any  one  convicted  of  taking  pos- 
session of,  entering,  intruding  or  settling  "on  any  lands  in  the  counties  of  North- 
ampton, Northumberland  or  Luzerne  by  virtue  or  under  color  of  any  conveyance 
of  half-share-right,  or  any  other  pretended  title  not  derived  from  the  author- 
ity of  this  commonwealth,"  except  in  the  seventeen  townships  of  Luzerne  county. 
Under  the  vigorous  operation  of  this  law  a  number  of  people  from  this  township 
were  arrested  and,  having  been  indicted  by  the  grand  jury,  were  taken  to  Williams- 
port  for  trial,  but,  much  to  the  credit  of  the  court,  were  acquitted.  During  the 
decade  under  consideration  all  of  the  original  settlers  moved  away  from  the  town- 
ship, but  others  came  to  take  their  places. 

Uriah  Spencer  was  among  the  pioneers  of  this  period.  He  was  born  in  Salis- 
bury, Connecticut,  and  married  Miss  Deborali  Elliott,  of  Guilford,  Connecticut,  first 
cousin  of  John  Elliott,  of  Kent,  both  of  whom  were  lineal  descendants  in  the  fourth 
degree  of  the  celebrated  John  Eliot,  missionary  among  the  New  England  Indians. 
Mr.  Spencer  had  purchased  of  Hon.  James  Hillhouse,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
a  near  relative  by  marriage  and  a  considerable  dealer  in  Pennsylvania  lands,  the 
Connecticut  title  for  the  township  of  Hamilton,  which  included  a  large  part  of  the 
present  Lawrence  township.  Mr.  Spencer  came  to  Lawrenceville  first  about  1794, 
without  his  family.  At  this  time  Baker  and  his  friends,  except  Holden,  had 
removed  to  Pleasant  valley,  and  Holden  sold  his  possession  to  Mr.  Spencer,  it  is  said, 
for  a  barrel  of  whiskey.  William  Dewees,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Josiah  Lockhart, 
of  Lancaster,  had  entered  warrants  of  survey  for  a  great  part  of  Mr.  Spencer's  town- 
ship. He  was  active  in  selling  Connecticut  rights  untU,  with  quite  a  number  of 
others,  he  was  arrested  for  violating  the  intrusion  law  and  taken  to  Williamsport, 
where  he  was  duly  indicted  by  the  gi-and  jury  at  the  May  sessions,  1797,  and  finally 
tried  and  acquitted  at  the  September  term,  1798.  Soon  after  his  acquittal  he  re- 
moved up  the  Tioga  to  what  was  later  known  as  the  John  Elliott  place,  and  subse- 
quently to  Tioga,  where  he  became  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  of  the  county. 

John  Elliott,  a  cousin  of  the  wife  of  Uriah  Spencer,  was  born  in  Kent,  Litch- 
field county,  Connecticut,  November  3,  1760,  and  died  in  Lawrence,  December  13, 
1845;  his  wife,  Penina  Walter,  bom  March  11,  1777,  died  August  29,  1870.  Hav- 
ing bought  the  Connecticut  title  to  a  farm  in  Uriah  Spencer's  township,  he  started 
with  his  family  the  first  of  March  for  his  new  purchase,  with  two  sleighs  and  two 

*  So  it  is  laid  down  on  a  Williamson  map  in  the  possession  of  Judge  Spencer  of  Corning,  New  York. 


LAWEBNCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENCEVILLB.  529 

teams  of  horses.  Crossing  the  Hudson  river  at  Catskill,  he  came  to  Unadilla,  where, 
loading  his  effects  on  a  raft,  he  floated  down  to  Tioga  Point.  Here  he  left  his  family- 
while  he  went  up  to  Tioga,  procured  a  canoe  and  secured  the  services  of  Robert 
Mitchell  and  returned  to  Tioga  Point  for  his  goods  and  family.  Eeturning,  he 
stopped  at  Erwin  Center,  where  he  learned  of  the  arrest  of  Mr.  Spencer*,  and  deter- 
mined to  keep  out  of  Pennsylvania  until  the  trouble  was  settled.  In  1811  he  re- 
moved to  Lawrenceville,  occupying  land  formerly  improved  by  William  Holden.  In 
1816  he  sold  his  farm  to  James  Ford,  and  going  up  the  river  to  Risings,  bought  of 
John  Shepard,  July  8,  1816,  193  acres,  with  the  improvements  made  by  Uriah 
Spencer.  In  his  native  town  Mr.  Elliott  had  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature.  He  is  spoken  of  as  an  honest,  conscientious  man.  His 
old  residence,  with  its  porch  and  four  tall,  round  columns,  is  still  standing,  a  con- 
spicuous and  interesting  landmark  of  other  days. 

Thomas  Wilson  and  his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife,  three  sons,  Thomas, 
Joseph  and  Alexander,  and  one  daughter.  Amy,  who  later  married  Daniel  Walker, 
came  from  Maryland  and  settled  on  the  Smith  farm  in  1795-96.  Thomas,  Jr.,  and 
Alexander  moved  to  Batavia,  New  York.  Joseph  went  to  Angelica,  New  York, 
but  after  his  father  died  he  returned  to  Lawrence  and  occupied  the  farm  until  his 
death,  September  11, 1857,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven  years.  His  wife,  Linda  Shum- 
way,  died  August  31,  1827.  Thomas  Wilson,  his  son,  Thomas,  and  their  neighbor, 
Daniel  Ingersole,  who  came  to  Lawrence  about  the  same  time,  were  arrested  and  taken 
to  Williamsport  for  violating  the  intrusion  law,  ha-\dng  bought  and  settled  upon 
their  farms  under  a  Connecticut  title,  in  1797.  Mr.  Ingersole  settled  on  the  farm 
owned  by  the  late  George  L.  Ryon.  He  bought  the  Pennsylvania  title  of  Samuel  Pleas- 
ants, "with  buildings  and  appurtenances,"  by  deed  bearing  date  October  14,  1806, 
aaid  sold  it  to  Jacob  Eeep,  May  11,  1812.  Leonard  Cole  and  Benjamin  Cole  were 
also  among  the  "intruders,"  and  probably  lived  where  Norman  Allen  now  lives,  as 
early  as  1795-96.  They  owned  no  land,  but  occupied  several  places  for  a  short 
time  and  died  in  the  vicinity  of  Lawrenceville.  George  Buchanan  settled  on  the 
place  now  owned  by  ex-Sheriff  John  Irvin,  probably  before  1800.  He  sold  to 
Eleazer  Baldwin,  deed  bearing  date  October  15,  1808,  and  left  this  vicinity. 

Jacob  Eeep  came  from  near  Danville,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  fall  of  1795,  to 
Athens,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  spent  the  winter.  His  wife.  Amy  Walker,  had  four 
brothers  and  one  sister  living  there.  The  next  spring,  loading  his  goods  and  family 
in  a  canoe,  he  pushed  up  the  river  as  far  as  Elmira,  when  his  wife  and  one  child, 
with  a  horse  and  cow,  took  the  bridle  path  over  the  hill  to  Lawrenceville,  while  he 
pushed  his  canoe  up  the  stream.  He  first  settled  on  the  George  L.  Ryon  farm,  where 
he  remained  several  years.  Doubting  the  validity  of  his  title,  he  afterwards  removed 
farther  up  the  river  to  the  "old  Reep  homestead,"  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Peter 
Eeep,  where  Jacob  died  in  1829.  The  deed  from  Charles  Spurrell,  Surry,  England, 
for  169  acres  of  land,  "whereon  said  Reep  now  lives,  with  the  buildings,  improve- 
ments and  appurtenances,"  bears  date  August,  1820.  The  following  incidents  illus- 
trate pioneer  life.     One  morning  a  good  tracking  snow  had  fallen  and  Mr.  Reep 

*  This  fixes  1797,  as  the  year  of  Mr.  RUiott's  trip.  Had  Spencer  been  arrested  when  Klliott  first  came  to 
Tiogfa,  he  certainly  would  have  known  it.  That  event  must  have  occurred  while  Klliott  was  at  Tioga  Point.  The 
arrest'was  in  April  or  May,  1797, 

34 


530  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

went  out  to  hunt  deer.  He  followed  one  until  the  deer  crossed  his  track,  when  he 
found  an  Indian  was  following  the  same  deer.  Mr.  Keep  left  the  chase  to  his  red 
competitor  and  came  home.  One  night  the  pigs,  which  were  shut  in  a  pen,  were 
making  a  great  noise.  When  going  out  to  see  what  was  the  matter  he  found  a  bear 
trying  to  get  out  of  the  pen  with  a  pig.  He  ran  for  his  ax,  intending  to  break  bruin's 
back,  but  struck  him  on  the  side;  the  ax  stuck  fast,  the  bear  escaped  and  he  never 
saw  his  ax  again.  Jacob  had  two  sons,  Jacob,  Jr.,  who  married  Betsey,  daughter 
of  Adam  Hart,  and  had  two  children,  a  son,  Peter,  who  died  young,  and  a  daughter. 
Amy,  who  married  Abram  AValker;  and  Peter,  who  married  Catharine  Eidgely,  to 
whom  were  bom  fourteen  children. 

Obadiah  Inscho  located  on  the  east  side  of  the  Tioga,  a  mile  above  Lawrence- 
ville,  upon  the  Horton  farm,  in  1798.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death  in  1820. 
Many  of  his  descendaxits  are  living  in  this  county. 

Adam  Hart  joined  Mr.  Eeep  on  the  south,  his  farm  including  what  is  now 
called  Somer's  Lane.  He  was  of  German  parentage,  served  seven  years  in  the 
American  army  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  with  his  brother  George  was 
an  early  emigrant  from  Eeading,  Pennsylvania,  to  Lawrence.  The  Harts  were  enter- 
prising and  thrifty  farmers.  Adam  built  a  distillery  on  the  little  stream  which  still 
bears  his  name,  said  to  have  been  the  first  erected  in  the  county,  and  also  a  saw- 
mill. He  had  two  sons,  John  and  Daniel,  and  one  daughter,  who  was  married  to 
Jacob  Keep.  He  and  his  wife  moved  to  Mansfield  about  1823,  where  they  died. 
George  Hart  served  seven  years  in  the  Revohitionary  War.  He  had  one  son,  John, 
whose  family  now  lives  in  Liberty,  and  two  daughters,  one  of  whom  was  married  to 
Joseph  Middaugh,  and  the  other  to  Joseph  Rowley,  who  moved  to  Big  Flats,  New 
York. 

Joseph  Middaugh,  son  of  Samuel,  who  lived  on  the  Chemung,  came  from 
the  east  a  young  man,  married  a  daughter  of  George  Hart  and  settled  adjacent  to 
him.  He  had  a  saw-mill  and  did  quite  an  extensive  lumber  business.  Mid- 
daugh and  the  Harts  bought  the  Connecticut  title  to  their  land,  but  finding  it 
worthless  bought  of  the  Pennsylvania  owners,  giving  mortgage  for  the  payment 
of  the  purchase  money.  It  is  likely  that  Elias  Westbrook,  who  came  from  the 
Wyoming  valley  and  settled  near  Tioga  Junction,  came  before  1800,  but  the  pre- 
cise date  has  not  been  ascertained. 

Thus,  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  nearly  every  farm  along  the 
Tioga  valley  from  the  State  line  to  the  present  Tioga  township  was  occupied  by 
hardy  pioneers,  whose  thrift,  push  and  enterprise  were  beginning  to  let  the  sun- 
shine into  the  woods,  and  commencing  to  hew  out  of  the  wilderness  the  beautiful 
farms,  and  introduce  the  appliances  of  civilization,  which  for  nearly  a  century 
have  distinguished  this  portion  of  the  county. 

In  the  meanwhile  settlements  began  to  be  pushed  with  equal  enterprise  up 
the  Cowanesque.  Among  the  first  of  these  was  that  of  John  Cady.  He  was  bom 
at  Saratoga,  Few  York,  July  4,  1771:,  and  was  married  to  Permelia  Frick  in  1795, 
at  Southport,  'New  York.  He  came  immediately  to  Lawrenceville  and  settled 
upon  the  farm,  recently  the  home  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Robert  Stewart,  on  which 
William  Barney  had  formerly  lived.  Barney  had  built  a  rough  log  house  with 
bark-covered  roof,  a  few  stones  laid  up  at  one  side  for  a  fire  place  and  a  hole  in 


LAWRENCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWHENOETILLB.  531 

the  roof  for  the  escape  of  the  smoke  and  had  cleared  a  few  acres  of  land  for  a 
corn  patch.  A  hollow  maple  stump  at  the  door,  over  which  swung  a  stone  pestle 
suspended  from  a  spring-pole,  was  the  mill.  Here  young  Cady  brought  his 
eighteen-year  old  wife  for  her  wedding  trip.  And  here  they  lived,  industriously 
clearing  and  improving  their  farm,  reared  a  family  of  children,  and  spent  their  old 
age  in  peace  and  comfort  until  their  death,  which  occurred  to  Mr.  Cady  August 
23, 1850,  and  to  his  wife  February  3,  1863.  Mr.  Cady^s  father,  Zebdee  Cady,  came 
about  the  same  time,  made  a  settlement  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cowanesque  near 
the  "old  red  house,"  remained  a  few  years  and  then  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  died. 

Lyman  and  Calvin  Pritchard,  two  brothers,  came  about  the  time  or  a  little 
after  Mr.  Cady*  and  settled  the  farm  next  above  him,  Calvin  on  the  farm  afterwards 
owned  by  his  son,  the  late  William  Pritchard,  and  Lyman  the  next  above.  The  family 
is  of  Welsh  origin,  but  were  at  Wyoming,  where  their  father  was  taken  captive 
by  the  Indians  and  never  heard  of  after.  The  sons,  with  their  aged  mother, 
came  to  Athens,  then  went  to  Owego,  and  later  to  Lawrenceville.  Lyman  mar- 
ried a  daughter  of  William  Allington,  a  blacksmith,  who  came  about  the  same 
time  as  the  Pritchards,  and  lived  in  a  little  house  east  of  Abram  Walker's.  He 
was  physically  a  powerful  man,  and  held  a  prominent  place  in  the  little  com- 
munity. He  went  west  where  he  died.  Calvin  married  a  daughter  of  Hosea 
Kennedy,  who  was  also  an  early  settler  on  the  Cowanesque.  Mr.  Pritchard  for 
many  years  carried  the  mail  on  horseback  from  Painted  Post  to  Williamsport  over 
the  Williamson  road.  One  night  while  riding  along  rather  slowly,  a  panther 
dropped  from  a  tree  upon  his  horse,  but  got  ofE  without  doing  injury  to  either 
horse  or  postman,  except  a  big  scare.  The  brothers  were  joint  owners  of  a  saw- 
mill, where  mucji  of  the  superb  pine,  which  once  covered  their  farms,  was  manu- 
factured into  lumber.  They  were  both  men  of  good  education  for  the  times,  raised 
large  families,  and  died  upon  the  farms  they  first  settled. 

It  has  been  asserted  that  in  1800  Tioga  county  contained  only  ten  families, 
sixty  white  persons  and  seven  negroes.  There  were,  however,  that  many  families 
within  the  boimds  of  Lawrence  township.  The  population  of  the  township  at 
the  time  of  its  organization,  1816,  has  not  been  ascertained.  In  1818  the  as- 
sessment enumerated  forty-six  taxables,  with  5,530  acres  of  improved  land,  693 
unimproved,  one  grist-mill,  six  saw-mills,  one  tannery,  and  a  valuation  of 
$13,631.     Among  the  persons  here  at  that  time  the  following  deserve  mention: 

Ira  Kilbum,  son  of  Elijah  Kilburn,  was  bom  in  Colchester,  Connecticut,  Oc- 
tober 39,  1773;  at  twenty  was  prepared  for  college;  pursued  his  collegiate  studies 
at  Williams  and  Yale,  and  graduated  in  1796.  After  teaching  a  year  in  Westerly, 
Ehode  Island,  in  company  with  Drs.  Lee  and  Ceilings,  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  for  a  couple  of  years,  when  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Cod- 
dington  Billings,  of  his  native  town,  whence  after  three  years  he  entered  the  ofSce 
of  Judge  Gilbert,  of  Hebron,  intending  to  present  himself  for  admission  to  the 
bar  at  the  next  term  of  court,  when  unforseen  circumstances  called  him  to  Tioga 
county  in  the  latter  part  of  1803.     Here  he  purchased  an  extensive  tract  of  land, 

*  In  an  interview  with  the  late  Hiram  Pritchard  of  Corning,  New  York,  he  with  great  positiveness  put  the 
date  of  the  coming  in  1792,  yet  both  he  and  others  say  the  Cadys  came  first,  but  Cady  was  here  not  earlier  than 
1795- 


532  HISTOET    0¥    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

embracing  a  large  portion  of  Lawreneeville,  and  1,100  acres  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Tioga,  devised  by  Josiah  Loekhaxt  to  the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Lan- 
caster, and  by  it  sold  to  Mr.  Kilburn.  Here,  on  almost  the  exact  site  of  the  rail- 
road station,  he  erected  a  saw  and  grist-mill,  which  he  operated  for  many  years. 
In  1808  he  was  elected  a  commissioner  of  Tioga  county,  and  September  18th,  of 
the  same  year,  commissioned  justice  of  the  peace.  August  3,  1811,  he  was  com- 
missioned a  colon.el  by  Governor  Snyder,  and  commanded  a  regiment  of  militia. 
February  6,  1812,  he  was  made  postmaster  of  Lawrenceville,  and  at  the  same  time 
was  United  States  mail  contractor.  July  13,  1813,  he  was  commissioned  an  as- 
sociate judge  of  Tioga  county  and  held  this  important  office  neajly  twenty-eight 
years.  On  retiring  from  the  bench  in  1840,  he  was  again  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  "and  in  the  next  four  years  disposed  of  over  800  cases  brought  before  him." 
He  also  held  nearly  every  office  in  the  town  and  borough.  He  died  in  Lawrence- 
ville in  1854,  aged  eighty-one  years.  He  married  Sally  Eoss,  June  20,  1803,  and 
their  children  were  Wells,  Harriett,  Ealph  Lee,  Eliza  Ann,  Adaline  and  Charles 
Lawrence.  Judge  Kilburn  was  an  honest,  upright  man,  a  large  contributor  to 
every  benevolent  enterprise,  and  is  still  remembered  as  one  of  the  foremost  men 
of  his  day  in  this  community. 

John  Gordon  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mr.  Patchin,  near  Tioga 
Junction,  prior  to  1803.  He  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  March,  1761.  While  at 
school  he  was  impressed  into  the  British  military  service,  was  put  into  the  Fifty- 
third  regiment,  sent  to  this  country  during  the  Eevolutionary  War,  and  dis- 
charged in  December,  1779.  He  chose  to  remain  in  the  United  States,  attended 
school  for  a  time,  married  Sarah  Eathbone,  and  settled  in  Berkshire  county,  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  was  second  cousin  to  Lord  Byron,  (whose  untitled  name  was 
George  Noel  Gordon),  and  his  wife  was  first  cousin  to  Commodore  Perry,  of  Lake 
Erie  fame.  He  secured  the  Pennsylvania  title  to  240  acres  of  land,  which  he  sub- 
sequently sold,  and  moved  within  the  present  limits  of  Tioga  township.  His 
family  are  dead  or  left  the  county.  John  Maine,  connected  by  marriage  with  the 
Gordons,  settled  about  the  same  time  on  a  farm  of  286  acres  between  Gordon  and 
Benjamin  Westbrook.  Here  he  built  a  saw-mill,  and  sold  his  property  to  Jesse 
Smith  and  William  Babcock,  of  Ontario  county,  ISTew  York,  September  2,  1816, 
and  later  moved  to  Sullivan  township. 

Capt.  Eleazer  Baldwin  settled  near  the  village  of  Lawrenceville  in  March,  1806. 
His  grandfather,  John  Baldwin,  a  prosperous  farmer  and  merchant,  lived  in  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut,  and  had  two  sons,  one,  Jabez,  served  through  the  entire  Eevo- 
lutionary War,  and  Eufus,  the  father  of  Eleazer,  who  assisted  in  the  erection  of 
Dartmouth  College,  Eleazer  as  a  lad  assisting  to  haul  the  logs  of  which  the  first 
buildings  were  constructed.  Leaving  Dartmouth  school,  Eleazer  came  to  Geneva, 
New  York,  where  he  was  for  some  time  in  the  employ  of  Colonel  Williamson. 
About  1800  he  came  up  Sugar  creek  to  Troy,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married 
Betsy  Stevens,  and  in  March,  1806,  came  to  Lawrence  township,  where  he  died 
in  1831.  In  1813  he  was  collector  of  taxes,  and  an  active  man  of  affairs  until  the 
day  of  his  death.  His  sons  Buel,  Moses  and  Thomas  L.,  were  farmers  and 
lumbermen.  Buel  and  Thomas  subsequently  moved  to  Tioga,  while  Moses  re- 
mained in  Lawrence,  and  died  on  the  farm  where  his  widow  now  lives. 


LAWEBNOE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENOETILLB.  533 

Dr.  Simeon  Powers  came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1805,  but  remained  here  only  a 
brief  period.  Removing  to  Knoxville,  he  Hved  at  that  place  until  1808,  and 
then  located  in  Tioga.  In  1831  he  returned  to  Lawrenceville,  which  remained  his 
home  until  his  death.  His  practice  extended  over  a  vast  territory;  westward  up 
the  Cowanesque  into  Potter  county,  south  as  far  as  Williamsport  and  north  to 
Addison,  Painted  Post  ajid  Bath.  In  1815  he  was  elected  the  second  sheriff  of 
Tioga  county,  holding  the  ofHce  for  three  years.  The  doctor  built  the  "red 
house,"  on  Cowanesque  street,  liawrenceville,  where  he  died  in  December,  1863, 
in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  a  single  man,  but  mar- 
ried Polly,  a  daughter  of  Obadiah  Inscho. 

Daniel  "Walker  was  bom  at  Nescopeck,  Pennsylvania,  in  1778.  At  ten  yeaxs 
of  age  came  with  his  father,  George  Walker,  to  Nichols,  New  York,  and  thence 
to  Lawrenceville  in  1810,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son, 
Abram  Walker.  The  deed  beais  date  December  2,  1815.  Some  one,  whose  name 
is  unknown,  had  made  a  settlement  here  before  Walker  came.  In  1811  he  mar- 
ried Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas  Wilson.  She  died  in  1836  and  he  in  1854. 
His  son,  Abram,  an  octogenarian,  whose  wife  was  Amy  Eeep,  is  still  living  on  the 
old  homestead,  while  his  daughter,  Amy,  married  Austin  Lathrop,  and  died  in 
1850. 

Hon.  James  Ford  was  bom  in  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  March  4, 1783.  At  the 
early  age  of  thirteen  he  went  to  New  York  to  learn  the  mercantile  business,  where 
he  remained  six  years.  In  1814  he  had  a  store  at  Watson's,  a  mile  north  of  the 
Pennsylvania  state  line;  in  1816  he  is  spoken  of  as  a  merchant  in  Painted  Post, 
and  in  that  year  he  removed  to  Lawrenceville  and  built  the  mansion  now  occupied 
by  his  grandson,  George  Shumway.  When  the  frame  of  the  building  was  erected, 
the  people  for  twenty  miles  around  had  been  invited  to  the  raising.  At  its  christen- 
ing, as  was  then  the  custom,  the  various  names  by  which  the  place  had  been  known, 
such  as  "Bachelorsville,"  "Shaver's  Point,"  "Rogue's  Harbor,"  etc.,  were  discarded, 
and  that  of  Lawrence  adopted,  in  honor  of  Captain  Lawrence,  of  "Don't  give  up  the 
ship"  fame.  Mr.  Ford  became  the  most  extensive  business  man  in  Tioga  county, 
especially  as  merchant,  lumberman  ajid  dealer  in  real  estate.  To  him  and  Judge 
Kilbum  Lawrenceville  is  largely  indebted  for  its  broad  streets,  deeds  for  lots  specify- 
ing that  Main  street,  a  part  of  the  Williamson  road,  should  be  eighty  feet  wide.  As 
a  business  man  Mr.  Ford  was  intelligent  and  energetic.  At  his  mills  large  quantities 
of  lumber  were  cut  and  iloated  down  the  river,  and  grain  was  purchased  which  was 
manufactured  into  flour  for  southern  markets.  He  served  acceptably  two  terms 
in  the  state  legislature,  1834  and  1835,  and  two  in  Congress,  elected  in  1838  and 
1830.  He  died  in  1859  and  was  laid  to  rest  in  the  Lindsley  family  burying  ground, 
where  sleep  many  of  the  pioneers  of  this  valley. 

Dr.  Curtis  Parkhtirst,  a  native  of  Marlborough,  where  he  was  bom  in  1794, 
came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1818  and  built  up  a  large  professional  practice.  He  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1827,  sheriff  in  1840,  and  appointed  an  associate  Judge 
in  1847,  and  was  a  man  of  prominence  and  influence. 

Hiram  Beebe,  who  came  in  1815,  was  the  first  merchant.  In  1840  he  removed 
his  business  to  Nelson,  but  retained  his  home  in  Lawrenceville  until  his  death.  He 
was  a  prominent  business  man  and  a  leading  politician.     His  brother,  Anson  Beebe, 


534  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


with  his  brother-in-law,  Asa  Lincoln,  both  of  whom  came  in  1817,  were  engaged 
with  Hiram  in  the  manufacture  of  gloves  and  mittens  for  years. 

Among  the  other  early  settlers  of  prominence  were  Joseph  McCormick,  Samuel 
McDougall,  who  came  from  "Washington  county,  New  York,  was  county  surveyor 
from  1837  to  1836,  and  died  in  1859,  aged  seventy-six;  Job  Geer,  a  leading  con- 
tractor and  builder,  who  erected  the  court  house  at  Wellsboro;  Daniel  Cook  and 
others  who  became  identified  with  the  development  and  upbuilding  of  the  township. 

Such  were  the  leading  men  among  the  settlers  up  to  1831,  in  which  year  the 
settlements  were  practically  confined  to  the  river  flats,  the  hillsides  remaining,  for 
the  most  part,  a  wilderness.  Year  by  year,  however,  the  timber  was  stripped  from 
these  and  the  adjacent  uplands,  and  the  land  placed  under  cultivation,  tmtil,  in 
time,  the  entire  township  was  transformed  into  well-tilled  and  productive  fields. 
In  1890  the  population  of  the  township  was  1,017,  and  of  Lawrenceville  borough 
441,  making  a  total  for  both  of  1,458. 

THE    BOEOUGH    OF    LAWEENCBVILLB. 

Prom  the  first,  the  natural  advantages  of  its  situation  made  the  junction  of 
the  two  rivers  the  business  center  for  a  large  outlying  territory,  which,  with  the 
rapid  development  of  the  lumber  manufacturing,  so  enhanced  its  importance  as 
to  render  a  municipal  organization  desirable.  Accordingly,  by  an  act  of  legis- 
lature, approved  March  31,  1831,  that  part  of  the  township  of  Lawrence,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  State  line;  on  the  east  by  the  Tioga  river;  on  the  south  by  Ira 
Kilburn's  south  line,  and  on  the  west  by  James  Ford's  west  line,  was  erected  into 
the  "Borough  of  Lawrenceville,"  and  in  a  few  weeks  the  borough  government  went 
into  operation. 

The  completion  of  the  Chemung  canal  to  Corning,  in  1834,  and  of  the  Tioga 
railroad  a  few  years,  later  gave  a  great  impulse  to  business.  From  1840  to  1855 
the  lumber  trade  was  at  its  zenith.  A  perfect  lumber  fever  prevailed.  In  the 
spring  season  and  on  every  freshet,  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  rivers  were  literally 
crowded  with  rafts  of  logs,  lumber  and  timber,  and  ark  loads  of  shingles.  Two 
hundred  million  feet  annually  passed  through  Lawrenceville,  exclusive  of  the  large 
amount  manufactured  at  or  near  the  town.  Merchants  did  a  heavy  business. 
Stores,  shops,  hotels,  churches  and  private  residences  were  erected  during  this  fever, 
which  began  to  subside  in  1856.  The  forests,  which  had  yielded  such  large  revenue 
and  given  employment  to  so  much  capital  and  labor,  had  been  swept  away,  and 
the  soil,  though  good,  was  covered  with  stumps,' brush  and  undergrowth,  or  had 
been  swept  by  devastating  fires.  In  a  few  years  the  borough,  which  had  been  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  county,  was  prostrate  and  has  never  recovered  its 
former  prosperity. 

It  is  said  "misfortunes  never  come  single."  Lawrenceville  was  visited  by 
two  very  destructive  fires  just  when  every  line  of  business  was  paralyzed.  The  first 
occurred  in  1867,  and  the  other  in  1868.  These  fires  burned  out  the  center  and 
business  portion  of  the  village,  and  destroyed  property  to  the  amount  of  $160,000. 
The  town  has  never  recovered  from  this  blow,  the  burnt  district  being  still  mostly 
covered  by  cheap  board  structures.  Although  advantageously  situated  at  the 
junction  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  Valley  railroads  with  the  main  line  of  the 


LAWEENOE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENOBTILLB.  535 

Fall  Brook,  yet  its  population  does  not  exceed  800  souls.  One  general  store,  two 
groceries,  a  feed,  and  a  notion  store,  two  furniture  stores,  two  blacksmith,  and  two 
wagon  and  one  carpenter  shop,  two  markets,  a  drug  store,  three  physicians,  one 
lawyer,  two  clergymen,  two  jewelers,  two  barbers,  an  undertaker  and  a  shoemaker, 
a  newspaper,  two  justices  and  a  hotel  represent  the  principal  business  places  of  the 
borough. 

MANUFACTURING    AND    BUSINESS    ENTEEPEISES. 

Adam  Hart,  who  settled  at  Somer's  Lane,  and  who  was  a  man  of  enterprise, 
erected  a  distillery  and  a  saw-mill  on  the  little  stream  that  still  bears  his  name. 
They  were  among  the  earliest  in  the  county.  In  1813  Hart  was  assessed  as  an 
innkeeper.  He  removed  to  Mansfield  in  1823.  His  brother,  George  Hart,  appears 
to  have  had  an  interest  with  him  in  these  enterprises. 

Joseph  Middaugh,  who  married  a  daughter  of  George  Hart,  and  lived  near  him, 
was  an  early  saw-mill  owner  and  operator. 

Lyman  and  Calvin  Pritchard,  who  settled  on  the  Cowanesque,  on  the  farm 
owned  by  the  late  William  Pritchard,  were  joint  owners  in  a  saw-mill  erected  during 
the  earlier  years  of  the  present  century. 

Ira  Kilburn,  who  settled  in  Lawrenceville  in  1802,  erected  a  few  years 
later,  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill,  on  almost  the  exact  site  of  the  present  railroad 
station.  These  he  carried  on  for  many  years.  He  also  erected  a  distillery  a  short 
distance  south  of  the  station,  which  was  operated  by  himself  and  Hiram  Beebe. 

John  Maine,  who  settled  between  the  farms  of  John  Gordon  and  Benjamin 
Westbrook,  about  1803,  built  a  saw-mill  which  he  operated  until  September  2,  1816, 
when  he  sold  it  to  Jesse  Smith  and  "William  Babeoek,  of  Ontario  county.  New  York. 
James  Ford,  who  located  in  Lawrenceville  in  1816,  and  immediately  engaged 
in  mercantile  business,  soon  afterward  erected  a  saw-mill  and  grist-mill  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Cowanesque  river,  above  the  mill  now  owned  and  operated  by  Nathaniel 
Eaton.  The  Ford  grist-mill  was  burned  and  rebuilt  several  times  and  was  owned 
successively  by  James  Ford,  his  son,  C.  H.  L.  Ford,  Augustus  Wolz  and  Nathaniel 
Eaton,  who  has  run  the  present  mill  about  twelve  years.  It  stands  some  dis- 
tance below  the  site  of  the  early  mills,  and  is  operated  by  water  power. 

The  foregoing  are  the  principal  early  enterprises.  In  1823  there  were  in 
Lawrenceville  and  in  the  township  three  grist-mills,  five  saw-mills,  two  distilleries, 
one  tannery,  two  blacksmith  shops,  one  chairmaker  and  one  cooper.  During  the 
lumbering  activity,  which  came  later,  the  number  of  enterprises  was  largely  in- 
creased, and  every  branch  of  industry  prospered. 

The  first  store  in  Lawrenceville  was  started  in  1815  by  Hiram  Beebe  and  a  man 
named  HoUabert.  Mr.  Beebe,  who  attained  prominence  as  a  merchant  and  poli- 
tician, continued  in  business  until  1840,  when  he  opened  a  store  in  Nelson  in  con- 
nection with  Hunt  Pomeroy,  father  of  the  late  Mark  M.  Pomeroy,  otherwise  known 
as  "Brick"  Pomeroy,  editor  of  the  LaCrosse  Democrat.  The  second  store  was  opened 
in  1816  by  James  Ford,  who  soon  became  the  principal  merchant  of  the  place. 
Others  followed  as  the  population  of  the  village  and  township  increased. 

Adam  Hart's  wayside  inn,  at  Somer's  Lane,  was  the  first  public  house  in  the 
township.     The   first  hotel   in   Lawrenceville   was   built   about     1817   by   Enos 


536  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COITNIY. 

Slosson.  After  Ms  death,  it  was  kept  by  Samuel  Besler.  Mrs.  Slosson  married 
Eben  McDougall,  who  kept  the  house  for  a  number  of  years.  Then  came  James 
Baldwin,  of  Addison,  and  H.  H.  Potter.  The  latter  removed  to  Tioga  in  1833,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Clark  Slosson.  This  old  hotel  was  burned  in  the  fire  of  1867.  In 
1826  John  Barnes  built  a  hotel  on  the  site  of  the  present  Hotel  Kirkland,  which 
he  conducted  until  about  1835.  Among  his  successors  were  S.  B.  Denton,  Job  Geer, 
Barney  McDougall,  George  Jordan  and  Lewis  Daggett.  It  burned  about  twenty 
years  ago,  and  was  rebuilt  by  Mr.  Daggett.  He  and  his  sons,  Seth  and  WeUs  Dag- 
gett, were  the  landlords  to  February,  1890,  when  the  property  was  leased  to  F.  G. 
Kirkland,  who  purchased  it  January  1,  1894.  He  has  proven  a  popular  and  suc- 
cessful landlord. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    LAWYEES. 

Dr.  Ealph  Kilbum,  a  brother  of  Judge  Ira  Elbum,  came  to  Lawrenceville  in 
1804,  and  practiced  until  1840,  when  he  went  to  live  with  a  sister  near  Eochester, 
Kew  York,  where  he  died.  He  was  never  married.  Dr.  Simeon  Power  first  came 
to  Lawrenceville  in  1805.  He  soon  removed  to  Knoxville  and  later  to  Tioga,  re- 
turning to  Lawrenceville  in  1831,  where  he  died  in  December,  1863.  His  brother. 
Dr.  Pliny  Power,  came  a  few  years  later.  He  practiced  in  Lawrenceville,  Canoe 
Camp  and  Tioga  until  1835,  when  he  removed  to  Michigan,  where  he  died.  Dr. 
Curtis  Parkhurst  came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1818,  and  practiced  his  profession  until 
his  death.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1837  and  sheriff  in  1840.  Dr.  Lewis 
Darling  came  from  Wellsboro  to  Lawrenceville  in  1831,  and  practiced  in  Lawrence- 
ville until  his  death.  His  son.  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  and  grandson.  Dr.  A.  L. 
Darling,  both  physicians  of  skill  and  reputation,  are  in  practice  in  Lawrenceville. 
A  fuller  reference  to  each  of  them  will  be  found  in  their  biographical  sketches.  Dr. 
Milton  Pardee  Orton  located  in  Lawrenceville  in  1834,  and  practiced  until  1863, 
when  he  became  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  service.  He  died  at  Hatteras  Inlets 
February  2,  1864.  Locke  Granger,  a  graduate  of  Geneva  Medical  College,  came  to 
Lawrenceville  in  1841,  and  for  a  time  was  a  partner  with  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr., 
but  later  practiced  alone.  He  died  in  1883.  Dr.  Yan  Horn,  a  homeopathist,  came 
to  Lawrenceville  in  the  early  seventies,  but  removed,  a  few  years  later,  to  Elmira, 
New  York.  Dr.  J.  B.  Smith  came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1890,  and  has  built  up  a  good 
practice.  He  and  Drs.  Lewis  and  A.  L.  Darling  comprise  the  present  resident 
physicians. 

The  legal  profession  has  been  well  represented  in  Lawrenceville.  Hon.  Ira 
Kilbum,  though  not  in  regular  practice,  served  for  many  years  as  an  associate  Judge 
and  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was  prominently  identified  with  the  legal  history 
of  the  county.  Clarendon  Eathbone  came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1830,  and  practiced 
about  twenty  years,  when  he  removed  to  Blossburg.  John  "W.  Maynard,  who  came  to 
Lawrenceville  with  his  parents  in  1838,  practiced  here  until  the  spring  of  1833, 
when  he  removed  to  Tioga.  JSTewell  F.  Higgins,  who  located  in  Lawrenceville  about 
1839,  remained  two  years  and  removed  to  Williamsport.  Norman  H.  Purple  studied 
under  Higgins,  and  practiced  in  Lawrenceville  until  1837,  when  he  removed  to 
Peoria,  Illinois.  Pardon  Damon  came  to  Lawrenceville  about  1826,  studied  law  with 
Purple  and  Judge  Knox,  and  practiced  in  Lawrenceville  until  his  death.    John  C. 


LAWEBNCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENOBVILLE.  537 

Knox,  afterwards  eminent  as  a  judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court,  practiced  in  Lawr 
reueeville  in  the  later  thirties  and  early  forties.  John  W.  Eyon,  a  native  of  Elk- 
land,  came  to  Lawreneeville  in  1847,  and  practiced  until  1863,  when  he  removed 
to  Pottsville.  Wallace  P.  Ryon,  a  brother  of  Hon.  John  W.  Eyon,  has  been  in 
practice  in  Lawreneeville  since  1883.  D.  C.  Harrower,  a  son  of  Hon.  G.  T.  Harrower, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  and  practiced  in  Lawreneeville  until  1894, 
when  he  removed  to  Wilkes-Barre. 

NEWSPAPEES. 

In  August,  1840,  the  late  William  Adams,  of  Mansfield,  then  the  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Tioga  Democrat,  published  at  Tioga,  sold  a  half  interest  in  the 
paper  to  John  C.  Knox,  Hiram  Beebe,  James  Ford  and  Dr.  Curtis  Parkhurst,  of 
Lawreneeville,  who  removed  the  plant  and  paper  to  that  place,  and  changed  the  name 
of  the  paper  to  the  Lawrence  Sentinel.  Mr.  Adams  subsequently  sold  his  re- 
maining interest  to  Mr.  Knox.  Two  years  later  the  latter  sold  it  to  Asa  H.  Carey, 
who  removed  it,  so  it  is  said,  to  Troy,  Pennsylvania.  The  Sentinel  was  Democratic 
in  politics.  Lawreneeville  was  without  a  paper  then  until  1871,  when  Henry  C. 
Mills  established  the  Valley  Enterprise.  A  year  or  two  later  he  removed  the  plant  to 
Mansfield.  Li  1879  the  Lawreneeville  Herald  was  established  by  A.  Redfield  &  Son, 
who  conducted  it  until  1889,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Jr. 
Early  in  1890  he  sold  it  to  Wallace  P.  Ryon.  On  February  1,  1892,  Leon  A.  Church 
became  associated  with  Mr.  Ryon  in  the  publication  of  the  Herald,  which  relation- 
ship still  continues.  The  paper  is  well  conducted,  has  a  good  circulation,  and  is  de- 
voted principally  to  matters  of  local  interest. 

SCHOOLS. 

From  the  first,  as  might  have  been  expected  from  their  New  England  origin, 
the  people  of  Lawrence  were  careful  to  provide  for  the  education  of  their  children. 
As  early  and  probably  before  1800,  there  was  a  school  at  Hart's  and  one  at 
Pritchard's.  At  the  latter  place  Lyman  Pritehard  taught  for  several  winters.  Later 
another  school  house  was  built  near  the  farm  now  owned  by  Norman  H.  Ryan,  and 
in  1834  one  was  erected  at  Tompkins.  On  the  Tioga  the  first  school  house  was 
built  near  Reep's,  which  was  abandoned  and  another  put  up  at  Somer's  Lane 
(Hart's).  These  were  log  structures,  built  by  the  people  who  lived  in  the  vicinity, 
and  rudely  finished  and  furnished.  The  Hart  school  house  was  burned  one  night 
during  a  term  of  school.  The  next  day  the  inhabitants  came  together  and  before 
night  the  logs  for  another  house  were  put  up.  There  was  not  a  box  of  glass  to  be  had 
nearer  than  Painted  Post,  but  Mr.  Baldwin  went  up  on  horse  back  and  brought  a 
box,  and  another  neighbor  gathered  grain  sufficient  to  purchase  books,  which 
was  also  taken  to  Painted  Post,  and  every  school  book  in  the  place  was  secured. 
In  a  week  from  the  time  the  old  house  was  burned  the  new  one  was  completed, 
and  the  school  continued.  In  1834  school  directors  were  elected  under  the  com- 
mon school  law  of  the  State,  as  follows:  William  TJpdegraff,  Clarendon  Rath- 
bone,  Horace  Prizelle,  Abisha  Baker,  Job  Geer  and  Rufus  Baldwin.  Job  Geer 
was  elected  president;  C.  Rathbone,  secretary,  and  Wells  Kilbum,  appointed 
treasurer.     The  township  was  divided  into  five  sub-districts,  two  on  the  Cowanesque, 


538  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

two  on  the  Tioga,  and  one  at  Lawrenceville.  There  are  now  seven  districts  in 
the  township,  outside  of  Lawrenceville,  which  forms  a  separate  district.  The 
school  houses  are  well  built  and  well  furnished,  and  good  schools  are  maintained, 
the  average  in  the  borough  being  eight,  and  in  the  township  seven  months  each 
year. 

The  Lawrenceville  Academy  was  incorporated  September  31,  1848.  The  first 
board  of  trustees  was  constituted  as  follows:  James  Ford,  Curtis  Parkhurst,  E. 
D.  Wells,  Milton  P.  Orton  and  Micajah  Seelye.  A  building  was  erected  and 
was  opened  for  the  reception  of  students — both  sexes  being  admitted — about 
1853.  George  Barker,  the  first  principal,  remained  about  two  years.  His  suc- 
cessor, Thomas  Benton,  had  charge  two  years.  Eev.  Roswell  Brooks,  who  fol- 
lowed him,  died  within  a  year,  and  his  wife  succeeded  him.  Then  came  William 
Merris,  who  died  within  two  years  after  taking  charge.  His  successors  were  Dr. 
Milton  Pardee  Orton  aaid  Eev.  Sidney  Mills.  The  Academy  was  maintained  until 
about  1860,  when  the  property  was  transferred  to  the  borough  for  public  school 
purposes,  and  the  building  has  since  been  used  and  occupied  by  the  borough 
graded  schools.  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  who  was  a  student  at  the  Academy,  says 
it  was  an  excellent  school,  and  that  it  was  largely  attended,  students  coming  from 
the  "Southern  Tier,"  of  New  York,  and  from  various  parts  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  course  of  study  was  intended  to  prepare  the  student  for  college,  and  the  in- 
struction was  thorough. 

CHUBOHES,    SABBATH-SCHOOLS    AND    CEMETEBIES. 

The  Baptists  were  probably  the  earliest  to  hold  religious  worship  in  Law- 
rence. Elder  John  Drew,  whose  wife  was  a  sister  of  Eleazer  Baldwin,  came 
from  Norwich,  Connecticut,  about  the  same  time  as  Baldwin,  raised  a  family  and 
remained  here  until  his  death.  Elder  David  Eathbone — a  graduate  of  Yale  Col- 
lege, where  he  had  taken  a  master's  degree,  and  a  man  of  great  ability — came 
about  1813.  He  ministered  to  the  little  companies  gathered  at  various  points, 
until  August  33,  1833,  when  he  was  instantly  killed  by  the  overturning  of  his 
carriage.  He  was  at  the  time  about  sixty  years  of  age.  Both  he  and  Mr.  Drew 
are  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  west  of  the  village.  He  was  followed  by  Elder 
Thomas  S.  Sheardown,  Elisha  Booth  and  others.  A  church  was  organized  in 
1813,  across  the  line  in  Tioga  township^  at  the  home  of  Benjamin  Bentley,  of 
which  many  of  the  Baptists,  resident  in  Lawrence  township,  became  members. 
No  church  appears  to  have  been  organized  in  Lawrence  township,  or  if  organized, 
to  have  had  anything  but  a  brief  existence. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Lawrenceville  is  one  of  the  oldest  societies 
of  that  denomination  in  the  county.  The  first  public  worship  was  held  soon  after 
the  beginning  of  the  present  century.  The  "circuit  rider,"  who  made  occasional 
visits,  and  resident  local  preachers  conducted  the  services,  which,  when  the  weather 
permitted,  were  usually  held  in  the  open  air.  In  winter  and  in  inclement  weather 
they  were  held  in  the  homes  and  in  the  barns  of  the  settlers.  Among  the  pioneers 
of  Lawrence  township — ^who  occasionally  conducted  these  early  services — ^was  a 
local  preacher  named  Ephraim  Thomas.  He  was  also  a  carpenter  and  farmer.  He 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1788;   came  to  America  in  1805,  and  found  his  way  into 


LAWBENOE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENCEVILLE.  539 


Lawrence  township,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1853.  The  date  of  the  organization  of  the  first  class  is  not  known,  but  it 
is  said  to  have  been  some  time  during  the  early  twenties.  The  first  house  of  worship 
was  of  brick.  It  was  begun  in  1831  or  1833;  was  completed  in  1836,  and  was  built 
on  land  donated  by  Ira  Kilburn,  situated  at  the  head  of  old  Mechanic  street.  It  was 
sold  and  torn  down,  and  the  land  reverted  to  the  heirs  of  Kilburn,  who  donated 
it  to  the  borough  for  the  extension  of  Mechanic  street.  In  1849  another  building 
was  erected  on  the  comer  opposite  A.  P.  Eadaker's.  This  was  burned  in  December, 
1888,  and  the  present  edifice  built  in  1889. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that,  previous  to  1858,  the  records  of  the  church  were  very 
imperfectly  kept,  a  complete  list  of  the  pastors  is  not  obtainable.  From  a  broken 
file  of  the  conference  minutes  and  from  other  sources,  the  following  list  has  been 
compiled:  Eev.  Lemuel  Maynard,  a  circuit  preacher,  and  the  father  of  the  late 
Judge  John  W.  Maynard,  of  Williamsport,  was  here  as  early  as  1838.  He  was  born 
May  10, 1773;  died  February  8, 1839,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Lawrenceville  cemetery. 
Eev.  Asa  Orcutt  was  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Tioga  in  1839-30.  As  Lawrence- 
ville ajid  Tioga  were  both  in  the  same  charge  until  1873,  the  same  pastors  served 
both  churches.  Eev.  Chandler  "Wheeler  was  the  pastor  in  1833,  an.d  Eev.  Hiram 
Sanford  in  1835.  The  name  of  Eev.  Samuel  Nichols  appears  from  1844  to  1846. 
_  In  1857  Eev.  Daniel  Clark  was  in  charge,  since  which  time  the  succession  has  been 
'  as  follows:  Eevs.  Samuel  Nichols,  1858-60;  N.  N.  Beers,  1860-61;  William  B. 
Holt,  1861-63;  George  Stratton,  1863-63;  William  Potter,  1863-64;  Thomas  S. 
Abrahams,  1864-66;  N.  Fellows,  1866-67;  J.  J.  Turtin,  1867-70;  W.  S.  Kymer, 
1870-71;  William  Cochran,  1871-73;  G.  W.  Gibson,  1873-75;  Paul  Smith,  1875-78; 
W.  W.  Hunt,  1878-80;  N.  N.  Beers,  1880-81;  Andrew  Purdy,  1881-84;  Ward 
Piatt,  1884-86;  Henry  Vosburgh,  1886-89;  F.  H.  Van  Keuren,  1889-91;  C.  M. 
Gardner,  1891-93;  G.  Wilbur  Shipley,  1893-95;  E.  A.  Anderson,  1895-96,  and  E.  E. 
Jones,  the  present  incumbent,  who  took  charge  in  October,  1896.  The  church  now 
numbers  seventy-two  members.  There  are  100  pupils  and  teachers  in  the  Sunday- 
school,  and  sixty-eight  members  in  the  Epworth  League. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Lawrenceville,  the  oldest  Presbyterian  church 
in  the  county,  was  organized  February  10,  1834,  by  Eevs.  David  Higgins,  of  Bath, 
New  York;  Henry  Ford,  of  Blmira;  New  York,  and  Euling  Elder  Elias  Hopkins, 
a  committee  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Bath.  The  following  are  the  names 
of  the  original  members  as  they  appear  upon  the  church  record:  Joseph  Miller, 
Linda  Mira,  his  wife;  Abisha  Baker,  Martha,  his  wife;  Nancy  (wife  of  Eev.  Davis) 
Eathbone,  Phila  (wife  of  Calvin)  Cowley,  Polly  (wife  of  Samuel)  McDougall, 
Betsey  Wilson,  Jerusha  L.  (wife  of  Michael  E.)  Tharp,  Widow  Eoxcelana  Brown, 
Mary  (wife  of  Joseph)  Nelson,  Eunice  (wife  of  Eleazer)  Lindsley,  and  Eleanor  (wife 
of  Job)  Geer.  Eev.  Simeon  E.  Jones  and  others  supplied  the  pulpit  until  1831, 
when  Eev.  Elijah  D.  Wells  became  the  pastor,  and  continued,  excepting  one  year, 
until  1843.  Mr.  Wells  was  born  in  New  York  City,  September  39,  1800;  died  in 
Lawrenceville,  February  11,  1883,  and  was  buried  in  the  Lawrenceville  cemetery. 
Eev.  Samuel  J.  McCullough,  who  served  as  pastor  from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  for 
thirty  years  a  minister  of  the  Gospel,  was  bom  in  Dickinson,  Cumberland  county. 


540  HISTORY    OS    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

PennsylTania.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania; 
■was  deeply  learned  in  theology,  and  was  a  sincere  and  devoted  man  in  his  profession. 
He  died  at  Tioga,  December  19,  1867,  aged  fifty-eight  ^ears,  and  lies  buried  in  the 
cemetery  at  Liadley,  New  york.  Eev.  Mr.  Hood,  who  was  the  pastor  from  1847  to 
1849,  was  followed  by  Eev.  Sidney  Mills,  who  had  charge  from  1849  to  1854,  and 
also  taught  for  a  few  years  in  the  Lawrenceville  Academy.  He  was  bom  March 
30,  1779,  and  died  at  LawrencevUle,  March  13,  1875.  His  remains  were  buried  in 
the  Lawrenceville  cemetery.  Eev.  Albert  Henry  Barnes  was  the  pastor  from  1854 
to  1860,  and  Eev.  Oetavius  Fitch  from  1861  to  1863.  Mr.  Pitch  was  a  faithful  and 
earnest  minister.  He  died  February  24,  1869,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Lawrenceville 
cemetery.  Eev.  Elijah  D.  "Wells  and  others  supplied  the  pulpit  from  1864  to  1869, 
since  which  time  the  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  Walter  S.  Drysdale,  1870; 
Mr.  Cooper,  1871;  Henry  P.  Baker,  1871-73;  John  B.  Grier,  D.  D.,  1873-77; 
Henry  T.  Scholl,  1882-85;  W.  Tussing,  1886;  W.  A.  Dunning,  1887;  A.  C.  Eeed, 
1888;  J.  Addison  T\Tiittaker,  1888-89;  James  I.  Campbell,  1889-90,  and  David  Craft, 
the  present  pastor,  who  came  in  1891,  and  who  also  has  charge  of  the  church  at 
Antrim. 

In  1831-32  the  present  church  edifice  was  erected  on  ground  donated  by  James 
Ford.  The  heavy  timbers  used  in  the  building  were  donated  by  Dr.  Simeon  Power. 
The  exterior  of  this  church — the  oldest  house  of  worship  in  the  county — is  a  perfect 
model  of  Doric  architecture.  The  interior  was  remodeled  a  few  years  since,  and  is 
neat  and  comfortable. 

In  1840  the  society  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  "Presbyterian 
Congregation  of  Lawrenceville."  There  were  thirty  incorporators,  including  the 
following  trustees:  Erastus  Butts,  Joel  Adams,  Micajaii  Seelye,  James  Ford  and 
Samuel  Eockwell.  In  1860,  on  account  of  dissensions,  a  portion  of  the  member- 
ship withdrew  and  the  Second  Presbyterian  church  of  Lawrenceville  was  organized 
by  a  committee  of  the  Presbytery  of  Susquehanna.  Eev.  Lyell  T.  Adams  was  em- 
ployed as  pastor  until  1866.  His  successor,  Eev.  John  Garretson,  supplied  the  pulpit 
until  1870,  when  the  two  factions  were  again  united.  The  church  now  numbers 
seventy  members.  There  are  sixty-five  pupils  and  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school, 
of  which  WilUam  S.  Smith  is  the  superintendent. 

St.  John's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1860  under  the  rector- 
ship of  Eev.  J.  Hobart  De  Mille.  As  early  as  1841,  Eev.  Charles  Breck,  the  pioneer 
minister  of  the  denomination  in  the  county,  held  services  here.  His  successors  have 
been  the  rectors  of  St.  Andrew's  church,  at  Tioga,  who  also  administered  to  this 
congregation  up  to  1893,  since  which  time  there  has  been  no  stated  rector.  The 
present  church  edifice  was  built  in  1873,  by  the  Society  for  the  Advancement  of 
Christianity  in  Pennsylvania.  Previous  to  its  erection  the  congregation  worshiped 
in  a  hall. 

The  Christian  Church  was  organized  a  number  of  years  ago  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  township.  A  neat  and  substantial  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  which  the 
congregation  worship.    A  good  Sunday-school  is  also  maintained. 

SaVbath-Schools  were  early  organized.  Joseph  Nelson,  a  Scotch  Presbyterian 
seceder,  who  came  from  St.  Lawrence  county,  New  York,  about  1815,  and  settled 


LAWRENCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWEENOEVILLB.  541 

near  Henry  Colgrove's  place,  was  an  early  Sabbath-school  worker  and  used  to 
gather  the  children  of  the  neighborhood  in  his  house  for  religious  instruction.  De- 
nominational Sabbath-schools  were  held  in  the  churches  of  the  borough,  and  a 
union  undenominational  Sunday-school  was  organized  by  Samuel  Eockwell  at 
Middaugh's  in  1850.  Mr.  Rockwell  is  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church 
of  LawrenceYille. 

Cemeteries. — When  the  township  was  first  settled  the  pioneers  buried  their 
dead  near  their  homes  in  order  to  protect  their  graves  from  wild  animals.  In  the 
early  thirties  the  present  cemetery  west  of  Lawreneeville  was  set  apart  for  burial 
purposes.  It  is  in  charge  of  the  LawrenccTille  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated 
September  23,  1876.  The  East  Lawrence  Cemetery  Association,  incorporated 
May  10,  1881,  own  and  control  a  cemetery  in  the  township,  about  three  miles 
southeast  of  Lawreneeville. 

JUSTICES    AND    BUEGESSES. 

The  ofl&ce  of  justice  of  the  peace  for  Lawrence  township  has  been  filled  as  fol- 
lows: Elijah  Putnam,  1813;  Ambrose  Millard,  1816;  John  Drew,  1818;  Elijah 
De  Pui  and  Samuel  McDougall,  1819;  Job  Geer  and  Levi  Vail,  1835;  William 
Willard,  Jr.,  and  Eeuben  Cloos,  1827;  Jonah  Brewster,  1830;  William  Garretson 
and  Martin  Bowen,  1831;  Samuel  Snow,  1832;  Horace  E.  Spencer  and  Horace 
Frizelle,  1883;  A.  M.  Compton,  1834;  Calvin  Cowley,  1835;  Erastus  W.  Derow, 
Lewis  Meade  and  J.  C.  Whittaker,  1836;  Curtis  Parkhurst  and  Lyman  Johnson, 
1838;  William  Evans,  1841;  Austin  Lathrop,  1842;  re-elected,  1847  and  1852; 
Samuel  Broakman,  1847,  and  Dwight  E.  Cowley,  1856.  Although  the  election 
returns  show  that  candidates  for  justices  of  the  peace  were  regularly  voted  for,  the 
record  of  commissions  contains  no  name  of  any  who  qualified  from  1856  to  1873, 
in  which  year  Peter  Eeep  was  commissioned.  The  names  of  the  succeeding  justices 
are  as  follows:  Isaac  Losey,  1874;  Peter  Eeep,  1878,  re-elected  1883  and  1887; 
Sylvester  Shoemaker,  1880;  re-elected,  1885;  J.  B.  Squires,  1884;  George  Eeep, 
1890;  WilHs  F.  Eeep,  1895. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  borough  of  Law- 
reneeville: Lewis  Meade  and  Ira  Kilbum,  1840;  Job  Geer  and  Locke  Granger, 
1844;  re-elected,  1850;  Curtis  Parkhurst,  1845;  Edward  E.  Kasson,  1848;  Samuel 
B.  Brooks,  1849;  E.  D.  Wells,  1854;  re-elected,  1859  and  1864;  James  Eyon,  1855; 
Pardon  Damon,  1857;  re-elected,  1862,  1867  and  1872;  J.  H.  Mather,  1867;  re- 
elected, 1872  and  1877;  Augustus  Eedfleld,  1875;  George  T.  Losey,  1877;  re- 
elected, 1887  and  1896;  George  McCullough,  1881;  James  Stewart,  1886;  re- 
elected, 1891;  D.  C.  Ford,  1890;  Wallace  P.  Eyon,  1894. 

The  burgesses  of  the  borough  of  Lawreneeville  have  been  elected  as  follows: 
Job  Geer,  1831-32;  Ira  Kilbum,  1833-34;  Micajah  Seelye,  1835;  Horace  Frizelle, 
1836;  Lewis  Meade,  1837-38;  Isaac  C.  Whitehead,  1839;  Samuel  Satterlee,  1840; 
Wells  Kilbum,  1841;  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.,  1842;  James  Ford,  1843;  Samuel 
Satterlee,  1844-45;  Eobert  Inscho,  1846;  Samuel  Kinsey,  1847-48;  Pardon  Damon, 
1849;  Alexander  Cropsey,  1850-51;  A.  C.  Coopley,  1852;  John  Eyon,  1853;  I. 
W.  Tubbs,  1854-55;  Pardon  Damon,  1856;  W.  F.  Trowbridge,  1857-60;  W.  G. 
Miller,  1861;  Alexander  Cropsey,  1862-67;  Pardon  Damon,  1868-69;  J.  F.  Eusling, 


542  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

1870-73;  Locke  Granger,  1874-75;  N.  Lossy,  1876;  Alexander  Cropsey,  1877;  C. 
S.  Mather,  1878-79;  D.  C.  Ford,  1880;  J.  C.  Beeman,  1881-83;  J.  P.  Eusling,  1884; 
Alexander  Cropsey,  1885;  J.  P.  Eusling,  1886;  P.  L.  Kolb,  1887;  C.  S.  Mather, 
1888;  James  ¥.  Hill,  1889;  J.  P.  Eusling,  1890;  K.  Losey,  1891;  Myron  Losey, 
1892;  J.  N.  Hill,  1893;  George  B.  Colby,  1894,  and  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  1897. 

SOCIETIES. 

Lawrenceville  Lodge,  No.  913,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  July  14,  1875.  The 
first  officers  were  as  follows:  George  T.  Losey,  K".  G.;  Seth  0.  Daggett,  V.  G.;  Dr. 
Lewis  Darling,  Jr.,  S.,  and  J.  Phippen,  T. 

Lawrenceville  Encampment,  No.  98,  1.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  in  1878,  with 
the  following  officers:  C.  H.  Tremaine,  C.  P.;  George  T.  Losey,  H.  P.;  Lewis  Dag- 
gett, S.  W.;  C.  S.  Mather,  J.  W.;  N".  Losey,  S.,  and  W.  H.  Baxter,  T. 

Capt.  Phil  Holland  Post,  No.  357,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  July  16,  1863,  the 
first  officers  being  as  follows:  James  A.  Eodgers,  C;  James  Loughridge,  S.  V.  C; 
E.  C.  Eockwell,  J.  V.  C;  J.  C.  Beeman,  Q.  M.;  George  Odell,  S.;  H.  A.  Stratton, 
C;  S.  M.  Morgan,  0.  D.;  H.  B.  Colgrove,  0.  G.;  H.  T.  Caton,  A.;  L.  G.  Brant, 
S.  M.,  and  L.  M.  Smith,  Q.  M.  S. 

HOBACETOWN. 

In  1839  Horace  Prizelle  was  rimning  the  Kilburn  mills  and  quite  a  number  of 
the  families  in  his  employ  were  living  on  the  east  side  of  the  Tioga.  Thinking  it 
to  be  adTantageous  to  be  incorporated  into  a  borough,  an  act  of  the  legislature,  ap- 
proved February  19,  1840,  was  passed,  providing  for  the  erection  of  the  "Borough 
of  Horaeetown,"  including  the  territory  bounded  north  by  the  State  line,  on  the 
east  by  Ansel  Bascom's  east  line,  on  the  south  by  Obadiah  Inscho's  north  line,  and 
on  the  west  by  the  west  bank  of  the  Tioga  river  at  low  water  mark.  Other  sections 
provide  for  the  election  of  borough  officers  and  prescribe  their  duties.  The  records 
of  the  borough  are  lost  and  its  very  existence  forgotten  by  most,  even  of  the  old  people. 
The  assessment  of  1841  gives  twenty-seven  taxables,  of  whom  fourteen  at  least  were 
transient  persons.  The  borough  organization  was  soon  abandoned  and  the  territory 
lapsed  into  the  township. 


CHAPTER  XLY. 

JACKSON  TOWNSHIP. 

Oeganization— Origin  op  Name— Original  Area— Present  Boundaries— Phys- 
ical Features— Streams— Altitude— Population— Pioneer  Settlement- 
Early  Milling  Enterprises— Schools— Physicians,  Lawyers  and  Justices 
—Churches  and  Cemeteries— Societies— Villages  and  Postofpices. 


JACKSON"  township  was  created  in  September,  1815,  from  territory  preyiously 
embraced  in  Tioga  township,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  Andrew  Jackson, 
the  hero  of  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  and  subsequently  president  of  the 
IJnited  States.  As  originally  constituted  it  embraced  about  one-half  of 
the  present  township  of  Eutland,  which  was  created  in  1838.  It  is  the 
northeastern  township  of  the  countj^,  add  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  New  York 
state,  on  the  east  by  Bradford  county,  on  the  south  by  Eutland  township,  and  on 
the  west  by  Tioga  and  Lawrence  townships.  It  is  nearly  square,  averaging  about 
seven  miles  and  a  quarter  from  east  to  west  by  six  and  a  quarter  from  north  to  south, 
and  contains  about  forty-five  square  miles.  The  surface  is  rugged,  the  hills  in 
some  places  being  steep  and  high.  The  soil  is  fairly  fertile,  the  upland  as  well  as 
valley  area  being  well  cultivated  and  productive.  The  principal  streams  are  Seely 
and  Hammond  creeks.  The  former  drains  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township, 
flowing  northeast  through  Job's  Comers  and  Daggetts,  and  passing  into  Bradford 
county  about  a  mile  and  a  half  southeast  of  Millerton.  Hammond  creek  rises  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  township,  and  flows  almost  due  north  to  Trowbridge.  Here 
it  turns  and  pursues  a  northeast  course  through  Millerton  to  the  Bradford  county 
line,  about  a  mile  south  of  the  New  York  state  line.  Alder  brook,  a  branch  of 
Hammond  creek,  flows  southeast,  and  drains  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town- 
ship. Bear  creek,  another  branch,  flows  from  the  south  and  drains  a  portion  of 
the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  Holiday  run,  which  rises  southeast  of  Maple 
Eidge,  and  flows  northwest  into  Tioga  and  Lawrence  townships,  drains  the  south- 
western part  of  the  township.  The  mean  elevation  above  tidewater  is  about  1,600 
feet. 

The  settlement  of  the  township  began  in  1793,  and  it  has  grown  steadily  and 
healthfully.  In.l840  it  had  1,123  inhabitants;  in  1870,  1,531;  in  1880,  1,824,  and 
in  1890,  1,704. 

PIONEER    SETTLEMENT. 

Garret  Miller  was  the  pioneer  settler  of  the  township.  He  came  from  Orange 
county,  New  York,  and  the  date  of  his  coming  is  fixed  by  the  following  inscription 
upon  the  tombstone  which  marks  the  grave  of  his  son,  Capt.  Samuel  Miller,  in  the 
cemetery  at  Millerton: 


g^^  HISTOET     OF    TIOGA     COUNTY. 


Capt.  Samuel  Miller. 

Pioneer  of  this  Town. 

Resided  here  for  57  years. 

Died  September  16,  1850. 

Aged  71  years,   4  months. 

The  Napoleon  of  hunters  ;  the  kind,  affectionate  relative  and  the  generous  friend. 

According  to  this  inscription  Garret  Miller  and  his  family  came  into  the  town- 
ship as  early  as  1793.  A  clearing  was  first  made  north  of  Millerton,  near  the  New 
York  state  line,  but  they  soon  afterward  moved  down  into  the  valley  and  settled 
permanently  on  Hammond  creek,  on  the  site  of  Millerton.  The  names  of  Garret 
Miller  and  Samuel  Miller  appear  in  the  census  returns  of  the  county  for  1800,  the 
age  of  the  former  being  given  as  forty-two  and  that  of  the  latter  as  twenty-two. 
The  township  at  the  time  of  their  settlement  was  a  trackless  wilderness,  and  they 
were  compelled  to  cut  a  road  through  the  forest  from  Newtown — now  Blmira — 
to  their  new  home.  They  belonged  to  a  hardy  and  vigorous  stock,  and  their  descend- 
ants are  among  the  leading  citizens  and  business  men  of  the  township. 

The  next  settlement  was  made  in  1797  by  Eeuben  Daggett,  who  brought  his 
family  from  his  native  state — New  Hampshire — and  settled  on  Seely  creek,  near 
the  Bradford  county  line,  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township.  The  place  is 
still  known  as  Daggett's  Mills.  Here  he  and  his  sons,  Eufus,  Eeuben  and  Seth, 
erected  the  first  grist-mill  and  the  first  saw-mill  in  the  township. 

In  1812  the  following  named  persons  were  residents  of  the  township:  Enos 
Curtis,  who  settled  in  the  eastern  part;  Jonathan  Corey,  Sr.,  Jonathan  Corey,  Jr., 
Hiram  Corey  and  John  Corey,  near  Jackson  Summit;  Eeuben  Daggett,  Jr.,  Eufus 
Daggett  and  Seth  Daggett,  who  settled  at  Daggett's  Mills;  Daniel  Lafferty,  who 
settled  at  Job's  Corners;  Garret  Miller,  Sr.,  Samuel  Miller,  Garret  Miller,  Jr.,  and 
Joshua  Miller,  who  settled  at  Millerton;  David  Nichols,  who  settled  at  Maple  Eidge; 
James  and  Jesse  Seely,  who  settled  on  Seely  creek,  and  Andrew  Sharp.  David 
and  Clement  Paine  were  also  in  the  township  in  1813. 

The  foregoing  were  the  pioneer  families  of  the  township.  After  1813  Jackson 
settled  rapidly,  the  assessment  list  of  1816  showing  forty  taxables.  In  1818  the 
number  had  increased  to  fifty-nine.  Owing  to  the  entire  township  being  heavily 
timbered  with  pine,  its  lands  were  cleared  slowly,  the  settlers  preferring  to  await 
the  advent  of  saw-mills  to  convert  the  forests  into  lumber.  These  soon  came  and 
lumbering  became,  and  for  half  a  century  remained,  the  leading  industry  of  the 
township. 

EAELT    MILLING    ENTERPRISES. 

Jackson  township  early  became  the  scene  of  important  and  extensive  lumbering 
operations.  Prom  1815  until  after  1850  the  work  of  converting  its  immense  forests 
of  pine  into  lumber  was  pushed  forward  with  all  the  vigor  and  energy  at  the  com- 
mand of  those  who  had  their  capital  invested  in  mills  and  in  timber  lands.  Before 
the  advent  of  the  railroad  into  the  township,  logs  and  lumber  were  hauled  to  Elmira. 
In  the  early  days  these  were  rafted  down  the  Chemung  river  and  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  to  Philadelphia  and  other  lumber  markets.  Saw-mills  were 
niimerous  and  changes  of  ownership  frequent,  showing  that  the  business,  while 
promising  large  profits,  often  involved  those  who  engaged  in  it  in  serious  loss.     As 


:^^ 


£/^€^ 


JACKSON    TOWNSHIP.  545 


the  timber  disappeared  the  mills  shut  down,  until  now  there  is  only  one  of  the  old 
mills— the  Mitchell  mill,  on  Alder  brook— in  operation. 

The  pioneer  grist-mill  in  the  township  was  the  Daggett  mill,  erected  on  Seely 
creek,  about  a  mile  below  the  present  village  of  Daggetts.  It  first  appears  on  the 
assessment  list  in  1817,  and  is  assessed  to  Eeuben  Daggett,  Jr.  It  was  a  water-mill, 
and  was  operated  until  1830  by  Eeuben  Daggett,  Jr.,  from  which  time  until  his 
death  in  1835  it  was  carried  on  by  Kufus  Daggett.  His  widow,  Hannah  Daggett, 
retained  control  of  the  property  until  1849,  when  it  passed  into  the  possession  of 
William  Daggett.  He  rebuilt  and  operated  it  until  1853,  when  the  firm  became 
Daggett  &  Sixbee,  who  ran  it  for  a  number  of  years.  The  mill  is  now  the  property 
of  George  W.  Eighmey.  It  has  three  run  of  stone  and  the  roller  process,  and  has 
a  capacity  of  200  barrels  of  flour  a  day.  Steam  and  water  power  are  both  used. 
About  1843  James  Miller  erected  a  water-power  grist-mill  on  Hammond  creek  at 
Millerton.  In  1845  and  1846  it  was  operated  by  Strock  &  Buchanan.  It  was  after- 
ward carried  on  by  Mr.  Miller  for  a  number  of  years. 

The  first  saw-mill  in  the  township  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1817, 
assessed  to  Seth  Daggett,  for  many  years  a  prominent  and  leading  lumberman.  He 
operated  this  and  other  mills  until  1843,  when  he  removed  to  Tioga.  This  is  the 
only  saw-mill  appearing  on  the  assessment  list  of  the  township  until  1831,  when  the 
names  of  Seth  Daggett,  Ezra  Houghton,  James  Miller,  Joshua  G.  Spencer  and 
Foster  Updyke  are  given  as  owners  of  saw-mills.  All  these  mills,  except  that  of 
James  Miller,  which  was  at  Millerton,  appear  to  have  been  in  operation  on  Seely 
creek.  The  Foster  Updyke  mill  was  between  Daggett's  Mills  and  Job's  Corners,  and 
was  operated  by  him  until  his  death  about  1847.  It  then  became  the  property  of 
Warren  Wells,  and  afterward  had  other  owners.  In  1833  Boynton  &  Dalrymple 
began  operations  in  the  township  and  had  three  mills  on  Hammond  creek.  In  1834 
they  were  operating  five  mills  in  various  parts  of  the  township.  The  hard  times  of 
1837  appear  to  have  caught  them,  as  after  that  year  their  names  are  not  on  the 
assessment  list.  The  mill  established  by  James  Miller  at  Millerton  appears  to  have 
been  conducted  successfuUyfor  a  number  of  years.  Among  the  other  early  mill  owners 
and  operators  were  Aaron  Gaylord,  Thomas  &  Sayre,  Irvin  Clark,  Norman  Wells,  A.  C. 
Bush,  William  S.  Valleau,  Henry  Johnston,  Eichard  Jones,  Jedediah  and  Thomas 
Luce,  Amos  Kelly,  Eichard  Updyke,  George  Weybom,  Abraham  Minear,  John  Mit- 
chell, Nathan  Boynton,  Clark  Stilwell,  Samuel  Buchanan,  William  B.  Keyes,  S.  L. 
Parmeter,  Thomas  Shear,  Oliver  B.  Cook,  Aaron  Chidister,  Samuel  Eexford,  who 
erected  the  first  steam  saw-mill  in  the  township  in  1846,  and  who  at  one  time  owned 
six  mills;  William  E.  Sherford  and  Albert  Mitchell.  The  only  mill  now  in  opera- 
tion, except  portable  mills,  is  the  Mitchell  on  Alder  brook,  established  in  1835,  and 
now  owned  by  George  Mitchell. 

A  tannery  was  established  in  1831  at  Daggett's  Mills  by  John  G.  Hubbell. 
In  1838  Hiram  B.  Eoberts  became  proprietor.  He  died  in  1843,  and  his  widow, 
Phoebe  Eoberts,  carried  on  the  enterprise  until  1844,  when  Seth  Eoberts  took 
charge  and  operated  it  until  1849. 

SCHOOLS. 

A  log  school  house  was  erected  at  Daggett's  Mills  about  1830.  Here  Miller 
Vaughan,  who  came  into  the  township  as  early  as  1817,  taught.     Among  the  other 


546  HISTOHT     OP     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

early  teachers  were  Bethuel  Goff,  Daniel  Leonard  and  Jane  Buchanan.  The  early 
schools  were  supported  by  subscription.  After  the  adoption  of  the  public  school 
law  of  1835,  the  township  was  sub-divided  into  school  districts  and  substantial 
school  buildings  erected.  The  township  has  now  fourteen  schools  in  which  in- 
struction in  the  English  branches  is  given  on  an  average  of  eight  months  in  the 
year.     Capable  and  efRcient  teachers  are  employed  and  good  wages  paid. 

PHYSICIANS,    LAWYEHS    AND    JUSTICES. 

As  early  as  1823,  and  for  several  years  thereafter,  Dr.  Ezra  Wood,  an  early 
settler  in  Eutland  township,  practiced  in  that  and  Jackson  townships.  Hiram  B. 
Eoberts,  who  came  into  Jackson  township  about  1830,  and  settled  at  Daggett's 
Mills,  was  the  first  resident  physician.  He  appears  to  have  practiced  but  a  short 
time,  and  to  have  devoted  himself  to  other  enterprises  rather  than  to  medicine.  Dr. 
Lewis  Darling,  an  early  resident  physician  of  Lawrenceville,  extended  his  practice 
into  this  township.  Ealph  D.  Shepherd  practiced  from  1841  to  1843  at  Daggett's 
Mills.  D.  ISr.  Hunt  practiced  in  the  township  from  1845  to  1850.  Dr.  Nathaniel 
Smith,  who  is  still  in  active  practice,  located  in  Millerton  in  1847.  Erastus  D. 
Yule  came  into  the  township  in  1853  and  practiced  several  years.  Charles  Voor- 
hees  located  at  Daggett's  Mills  in  1856,  and  practiced  there  until  his  death,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Sherman  Voorhees,  who  is  still  in  practice.  Prank 
Smith,  a  son  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Smith,  has  been  in  practice  in  Millerton  since  1871. 

Samuel  E.  Kirkendall,  the  only  lawyer  in  the  township,  has  been  in  practice 
in  Millerton  since  1873. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  of  the  town- 
ship: Seth  Daggett,  1824;  Hosea  Howland,  1829;  Theodore  Larrison,  1832;  Clark 
Stilwell,  1836;  Charles  Tillinghast,  1840;  Allen  Gibson,  1840;  Joshua  G.  Spencer, 
1841;  John  W.  Stowell,  1845;  re-elected,  1850;  Malachi  Murdough,  1846;  Wil- 
liam B.  Keyes,  1851;  Nathaniel  Smith,  1855;  re-elected,  1865;  Orrin  D.  Bly, 
1855;  re-elected,  1864,  1873,  1879;  0.  B.  Wells,  1860;  Hector  L.  Miller,  1860; 
M.  K.  Eetan,  1868;  D.  B.  Lain,  1870;  E.  C.  Stilwell,  1875;  re-elected,  1880;  L. 
C.  Eetan,  1880;  re-elected,  1885,  1890;  W.  G.  Shieve,  1885;  C.  H.  Shieve,  1889; 
re-elected,  1894;  John  E.  Barnes,  1894;  J.  D.  Garrison,  1895. 

CHUEOHES    AND    CEMETEKIES. 

The  First  Jackson  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  1841.  '/he  names  of  the 
early  members  are  as  follows:  E.  T.  Wood,  Jacob  Bryan,  A.  B.  Bryan,  Chester 
TJpdyke,  Stephen  Wood,  A.  G.  Garrison,  W.  S.  Mclntyre,  Johnson  Brewer,  William 
Garrison,  Eeuben  Updyke,  Elijah  Moore,  John  Sedinger,  Samuel  Grinnell,  Albert 
Shorter,  D.  B.  Harvey,  S.  IFpdyke,  Spencer  Wood,  Jedediah  Eice  and  wife,  Myron 
Mills,  Hiram  B.  Bryan,  Sai-ah  Updyke,  Samantha  Brewer,  Harriet  Garrison,  Mercy 
Spencer,  Eachel  Parmeter,  Fanny  Crandall,  Emeline  Johnson,  Polly  Wood,  Olive 
Osgood,  Emeline  Baker,  Ann  Bryan,  Elizabeth  Moore,  Sarah  Parmeter,  Harriet 
Updyke,  Phebe  A.  Updyke,  Nancy  J.  Webster,  Louisa  Shieve,  Mercy  Grinnell,  Mary 
Eoe,  Mary  Ann  Johnson,  Harriet  Van  Hart,  Phoebe  A.  Wells  and  Angeline  Shep- 
herd. Meetings  were  held  in  Poster  Updyke's  house  until  1847.  The  first  pastor, 
Eev.  Samuel  Grinnell,  served  ten  years.     His  successor,  Eev.  Myron  Eockwell, 


JACKSOK    TOWNSHIP.  547 


served  until  1854,  since  which  the  church  has  had  the  following  pastors:  Eevs.  C. 
Beebe,  1855;  Samuel  Grinnell,  1856;  C.  Beebe,  1857-58;  L.  Stone,  1860-63;  M. 
Eoekwell,  1864-68;  M.  Eockwell,  1870;  Levi  Stone,  1872;  C.  H.  Growl,  1873;  M. 
Eockwell,  1875-77;  L.  D.  Ayers,  1880;  C.  B.  Smith,  1884;  E.  D.  Hays,  1885-86; 
J.  A.  Klucker,  1889;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1891-93;  P.  Wilson,  1894;  M.  H.  Dunham, 
1895;  W.  H.  Porter,  1896.  The  present  church  building  was  erected  at  Job's 
Corners  about  1870.  The  church  now  has  twenty-eight  members.  There  are  fifty- 
five  teachers  and  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  J.  E.  Sedinger  is  the  superin- 
tendent. 

The  Wesi  Jackson  Baptist  Church  was  organized  November  4,  1841.  The  fol- 
lowing named  persons  constituted  the  original  membership:  Sanniel  Bullock,  Dean 
Hudson,  James  Friends,  Horatio  Bisbee,  Augustus  Bisbee,  Sylvanus  Hudson,  George 
Friends,  Polly  Friends,  Lucinda  Beeman,  Elizabeth  M.  L.  BuJlock,  Hannah  Hudson 
and  Jane  Hudson.  At  the  tijne  the  church  was  organized  Samuel  Bullock  was 
ordained  a  miaister  and  became  the  first  pastor,  remaining  until  August  37,  1843. 
His  successors  have  been  Eevs.  Stephen  Tobey,  1843-46;  Samuel  Grinnell,  1847-48; 
Stephen  Tobey,  1849-53;  Samuel  Grinnell,  1855;  Stephen  Tobey,  1857;  D.  P. 
Maryott,  1858;  W.  B.  Jones,  1859;  E.  A.  Hadley,  1860;  L.  Stone,  1861-65;  M. 
Eoekwell,  1866-71;  F.  Purvis,  1875;  C.  P.  Mott,  1877;  L.  D.  Ayers,  1879-81;  S. 
W.  Cole,  1883-83;  C.  B.  Smith,  1884;  E.  D.  Hays,  1887-88;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1893-93; 
M.  H.  Dunham,  1895;  W.  H.  Porter,  1896.  In  1876  a  frame  church  building  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,600.  Previous  to  its  erection  the  society  worshiped  in  the 
Mann  school  house.  The  church  is  situated  on  the  Alder  brook  road,  near  the 
residence  of  S.  E.  Friends.  The  society  now  numbers  thirty-eight  members.  There 
are  sixty  teachers  and  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Jay  Friends  is  the 
superintendent. 

Jackson  Summit  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1884,  with  L. 
E.  Sheldon,  Helen  N.  Sheldon,  W.  L.  Hazen,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Hazen,  P.  F.  Wilson,  Susan 
Wilson,  Jay  Wilson,  Minnie  Hazen,  Fannie  Hazen,  Grant  Whipple,  K  T.  Davis, 
Edgar  Crumb,  Emma  Crumb,  Lot  Morrill  and  Emma  Walker.  The  names  of  the 
pastors  of  this  church  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  C.  B.  Smith,  1884;  L.  D.  Ayres,  1885; 
A.  Ward,  1886;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1893-93;  M.  H.  Dunham,  1895;  W.  H.  Porter,  1896. 
This  society  built  a  neat  frame  house  of  worship,  costing  $750,  in  1893.  There  are 
forty-four  members  connected  with  this  church;  also  two  Sunday-schools,  one  at 
Jackson  Summit  and  one  at  the  Thomas  school  house,  with  a  total  membership  of 
115  teachers  and  pupils. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Millerton  was '  organized  in  1848,  by  Eev. 
William  M.  Haskell,  with  the  following  members:  Hezekiah  Dunham,  Anna  Dunham, 
Hector  L.  Miller,  Polly  Kelley,  Elizabeth  Kelley,  George  Miller,  Hannah  Miller, 
George  Prutsman  and  Betsy  Prutsman.  The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  William  M. 
Haskell.  His  successors  have  been:  Eevs.  Harvey  Lamkin,  W.  H.  Knapp,  Thomas 
J.  0.  Wooden,  Mr.  Coolbaugh,  Mr.  Ford,  John  Alabaster,  A.  J.  Blanchard,  A.  Ensign, 
N.  B.  Congdon,  H.  B.  Troxell,  Paul  Smith,  E.  C.  White,  Henry  Meeker,  J.  C. 
Crowther,  Charles  L.  Shergus  and  W.  W.  Hunt,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge 
in  October,  1896.  A  frame  church  building  was  erected  in  1851-53,  during  the 
pastorate  of  Eev.  W.  H.  Knapp,  and  a  parsonage  during  the  pastorate  of  Eev.  A.  J. 


548  HISTOET     OF    TIOGA     COTJNTT. 

Blanchard.  There  are  now  eighty  members  in  this  church.  In  the  Sunday-school 
there  are  100  teachers  and  pupils.  The  superintendent  is  S.  J.  Kirkendall.  Walter 
Messing  is  president  of  the  Epworth  League.  The  church  at  Jackson  Center  and 
the  class  at  Kelley  Hill  are  in  this  charge.  The  members  of  a  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  which  formerly  existed  at  Mitchell's  Mills  joined  with  this  church  a  few  years 
ago,  the  society  at  Mitchell's  Mills  going  out  of  existence. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Daggetfs  Mills  was  organized  nearly  fifty 
years  ago,  and  a  house  of  worship,  costing  $1,500,  built  in  1854.  It  has  belonged  to 
the  Genesee  and  Troy  conferences  at  difEerent  times,  and  is  at  present  in  the  latter 
conference.  It  has,  during  recent  years,  been  served  by  pastors  assigned  to  neighbor- 
ing churches  in  Bradford  county.     The  present  pastor  is  Eev.  S.  W.  Eaton. 

The  Methodist  Church  of  Jackson  Center  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  organized 
there  over  thirty  years  ago.  A  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1871.  This  church 
now  numbers  110  members  and  maintains  a  good  Sunday-school.  It  is  in  the  Mil- 
lerton  charge  and  has  been  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  Millerton  church. 

Cemeteries,  in  which  repose  the  remains  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Jackson,  are 
to  be  found  at  Millerton,  Daggetts,  Job's  Corners,  Mitchell's  Mills,  Jackson  Center 
and  other  places  in  the  township.  Those  at  Millerton,  Daggetts,  Job's  Comers 
and  Mitchell's  Mills  are  large,  well  laid  out  and  well  cared  for.  In  the  cemetery  at 
Millerton  lie  the  remains  of  Garret  Miller  and  his  wife,  his  son,  Capt.  Samuel  Miller, 
and  other  members  of  this  pioneer  family.  The  Curren  cemetery,  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  township,  is  also  another  old  burying  ground. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  secret  societies  of  Jackson  represent  nearly  all  the  leading  orders.  Seely 
Creek  Lodge,  No.  641,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  July  34,  1868,  with  twenty-two 
members.  It  meets  at  Daggetts,  where  it  owns  a  commodious  and  well-furnished 
hall  building,  erected  in  1876-77,  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  This  lodge  now  numbers  fifty- 
six  members.  Jackson  Encampment,  No.  31,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  which  meets  in  this  hall, 
was  organized  December  11,  1895,  with  forty  members.  Mechanics'  Union,  No. 
354,  E.  A.  U.,  which  also  meets  in  the  same  hall,  was  organized  March  3,  1881,  with 
twenty  members.  Millerton  Lodge,  No.  935,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  March  18, 
1876.  It  now  numbers  forty-two  members  and  meets  in  Union  Hall,  Millerton. 
This  hall  was  erected  in  1895  by  a  stock  company.  Jackson  Summit  Lodge  has 
recently  been  merged  with  this  lodge,  thus  giving  it  increase  of  membership  and 
of  strength.  Corp.  Charles  W.  Deming  Post,  No.  476,  G.  A.  K.,  and  Corp.  Charles 
W.  Deming  Corps,  No.  102,  W.  E.  C,  also  meet  in  Union  Hall.  The  former  was 
organized  March  35,  1885,  and  has  now  fifty  members.  The  latter  was  organized 
March  21, 1896,  with  sixteen  members.  Mitchell's  Mills  Grange,  No.  912,  P.  of  H., 
was  organized  January  31,  1890.  It  meets  at  Mitchell's  Mills.  The  hall  owned 
by  this  society  was  originally  the  Alder  Eun  Methodist  Episcopal  church  building. 
After  being  purchased  by  the  grange  it  was  repaired  and  furnished,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  best  grange  halls  in  the  county.  The  society  numbers  224  members  in 
good  standing,  and  is  prosperous.  Job's  Corners  Grange,  No.  1110,  P.  of  H.,  was 
organized  May  39,  1894,  in  the  fall  of  which  year  it  erected  a  hall  building  at  Job's 


JACKSON     TOWNSHIP.  549 


Corners  costing  $1,300.     It  is  a  strong  and  prosperous  society,  having  now  about 
100  members,  embracing  the  representative  farmers  of  that  section  of  the  county. 

VILLAGES    AND    POSTOFFICBS. 

Daggetts,  originally  known  as  Daggett's  Mills,  and  later  as  Spencerville,  Dallas- 
ville,  then  again  as  Daggett's  Mills,  and  lastly  as  Daggetts,  is  the  oldest  village  in  the 
township.  It  grew  around  the  saw-mills  established  on  Seely  creek  near  the  village 
site.  At  one  time  it  was  a  place  of  considerable  importance  and  the  largest  village 
in  the  township.  With  the  cessation  of  lumbering,  due  to  the  giving  out  of  the  tim- 
ber supply,  it  lost  much  of  its  business  prestige.  The  first  postoffice  in  the  town- 
ship was  established  here  nearly  seventy  years  ago.  Seth  Daggett,  the  first  post- 
master, was  succeeded  in  1837  by  Joshua  Gr.  Spencer.  In  1841  Lewis  Daggett  was 
appointed.  He  held  until  1843,  when  he  lemoved  to  Tioga.  His  successors  have 
been  Eichmond  Jones,  Orrin  B.  Wells,  John  Joslyn,  W.  H.  Ferguson,  D.  B.  Lain, 
W.  E.  Compton  and  D.  H.  Scott,  who  was  appointed  July  1,  1894. 

A  tavern  was  opened  here  about  1834  by  Joshua  G.  Spencer.  Among  his 
successors  as  landlords  of  this  hostelry  were  Andrew  Murdough,  Albert  Jones,  S. 
S.  Eoberts,  James  Clinton,  Jacob  Corzett,  A.  Minear,  Gates  Bird  and  others.  The 
last  landlord  in  the  village,  Samuel  EeynoMs,  occupies  the  building  erected  as  a 
hotel  about  thirty  years  ago.  He  is  also  the  oldest  inhabitant,  being  a  son  of  Saanuel 
S.  Eeynolds,  a  blacksmith,  who  settled  there  in  1823. 

The  first  store  was  opened  at  Daggett's  Mills  in  1834  by  Eichmond  Jones. 
Among  other  early  merchants  were  Hiram  B.  Eoberts,  who  began  business  in  1836; 
Wells  &  Pierce,  who  opened  a  store  about  1838;  Daggett,  Jones  &  Keyes,  Jones  & 
Keyes,  and  Seth  S.  Eoberts.  The  present  merchants  are  D.  H.  Scott,  who  is  also 
postmaster,  and  H.  P.  Sweazey. 

Millerton,  first  known  as  Hammond  Creek,  then  as  Millertown,  and  since  1878 
as  Millerton,  is  situated  on  Hammond  creek,  near  the  Bradford  county  line,  and 
is  the  largest  village  in  the  township.  The  first  settler  here  was  Garret  Miller,  who 
came  into  the  township  in  1793.  The  village  growth  began  about  1840,  with  the 
establishment  of  the  first  store  by  James  Miller.  In  1844  Hector  L.  Miller  and 
Jesse  C.  Kinner  were  the  merchants  here.  In  18-57  Mathew  K.  Eetan  embarked 
in  business,  continuing  until  about  1867.  The  present  merchants  are  Miller  & 
Miller  and  Jesse  B.  Miller.  A  hotel  was  opened  about  1848  by  James  Miller,  who 
kept  it  until  1867.  The  present  hotel  building  was  erected  in  1876  by  Oliver  Ham- 
ilton. W.  W.  Quackenbush,  who  has  had  a  number  of  successors,  was  the  first 
landlord. 

The  Millerton  Advocate  was  established  April  26,  1877,  by  A.  C.  Lumbard  & 
Son.  In  October  of  the  same  year  it  was  purchased  by  Harry  T.  Graves,  who  has 
since  successfully  conducted  it.  The  Advocate  is  devoted  to  local  matters,  and 
receives  a  large  advertising  patronage  from  Elmira,  New  York. 

A  postofSce,  called  Hammond  Creek,  was  established  here  in  1857.  M.  K. 
Eetan,  the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  1867,  when  J.  H.  Miller,  the  present 
incumbent,  was  appointed.  The  name  of  the  office  was  first  changed  to  Millertown, 
and  in  1878  to  Millerton.     The  village  is  a  station  on  the  Tioga   branch   of   the 


550  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

"Erie,"  contains  a  church,  a  public  school  building,  a  public  hall,  two  general  stores, 
a  drug  store,  a  printing  office,  etc.,  and  is  the  principal  business  point  in  the  town- 
ship. 

JoVs  Corners,  situated  on  Seely  creek,  near  the  southeast  comer  of  the  town- 
ship, was  named  for  James  Job,  who  settled  there  about  1833.  James  K.  Burgess, 
the  first  merchant,  opened  a  store  there  in  1853.  N".  W.  Garrison  was  also  an  early 
merchant.  The  present  merchant  is  G.  A.  Cornwell.  Besides  the  store,  the  village 
contains  a  church,  grange  hall,  blacksmith  shop,  etc.  A  postoffice  was  established 
here  in  July,  1887.  John  E.  Westbrook,  the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until 
February  4, 1890,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  G.  A.  Cornwell,  the  present  incumbent. 

Mitchell's  Mills  is  the  name  of  a  small  settlement  on  Alder  brook,  which  has 
grown  up  around  the  old  Mitchell  saw-mill,  beside  which  it  contains  a  church,  a 
grange  hall  and  a  blacksmith  shop. 

Maple  Ridge  was  the  name  of  a  postoffice,  established  about  1857,  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  township.  Isaac  Spencer  was  the  postmaster  here  for  a  number  of 
years.  The  office  was  discontinued  after  the  biulding  of  the  Tioga  branch  of  the 
''Erie"  through  the  township  in  1876. 

Jackson  Center  is  situated  south  of  the  center  of  the  township.  It  contains 
a  church  building  and  a  store.  C.  H.  Johnson,  the  merchant,  is  also  the  postmaster. 
The  postoffice,  which  is  named  Pipe  Line,  was  established  in  1894.  The  mail  is 
conveyed  overland  from  Trowbridge. 

Trowbridge,  near  the  center  of  the  township,  is  the  name  of  a  railroad  station 
and  postoffice  on  the  Tioga  branch  of  the  "Tjiie."  It  was  established  shortly  after 
the  building  of  the  railroad,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  the  late  Henry  Trowbridge, 
the  first  settler  there,  who  gave  the  railroad  company  a  site  for  a  station  and  a  right 
of  way  through  his  land.  It  is  said  to  enjoy  the  distinction  of  being  the  only  post- 
-  office  of  tlje  name  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Trowbridge's  son,  Henry  0.  Trow- 
bridge, the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  August  22,  1895,  when  his  brother, 
Lemuel  A.  Trowbridge,  was  appointed. 

Jachson  Summit,  in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  is  the  name  of  a  station 
and  postoffice  on  the  Tioga  branch  of  the  "Erie."  A  postoffice  was  established  here 
in  1877.  The  postmasters  have  been  H.  J.  Tobey,  E.  C.  Pedrick  and  Mrs.  A.  Heer- 
mans,  who  was  appelated  in  July,  1889.  This  place  contains  a  church,  school 
house,  blacksmith  shop  and  two  stores,  the  latter  kept  by  D.  B.  Lain  and  Mrs.  A. 
Heermans. 


CHAPTEE  XLYI. 

RUTLAND  TOWNSHIP. 

Oeganization— Boundaries— Physical  Features— Stkeams— Iron  Ore— Popula- 
tion—Early  Settlers— Mills  and  Other  Enterprises— Schools— Physicians 
AND  Justices— Churches  and  Cemeteries— Roseville  Borough. 


RUTLAND  township  was  organized  in  February,  1838,  and  was  taken  from  the 
townships  of  Sullivan  and  Jackson.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Jackson 
township,  on  the  east  by  Bradford  county,  on  the  south  by  Sullivan  and  Eiehmond 
townships  and  on  the  west  by  Richmond  and  Tioga  townships.  The  surface  of  the 
township  is  somewhat  rougher  than  that  of  Sullivan,  and  there  is  a  much  larger 
amount  of  uncleared  and  untilled  land,  covered,  as  a  rule,  with  hard  wood  timber,  the 
pine  and  hemlock,  except  on  a  few  isolated  tracts,  having  disappeared  years  ago. 
Mill  creek,  the  principal  stream,  rises  in  the  edge  of  Bradford  county  and  pursues 
a  westerly  course,  a  little  south  of  the  center  of  the  township.  The  drainage  from 
the  north  and  from  the  south  is  toward  this  stream.  Its  principal  branches  on  the 
north  are  North  creek,  Bailey  creek  and  Hibbard  ran.  On  the  south  the  principal 
branch  is  Elk  run  and  its  tributaries.  The  township,  as  a  whole,  may  be  classed  as 
one  of  the  upland  townships  of  the  county,  the  hill  sximmits  rising  to  1,800  feet 
above  tidewater,  the  mean  level  being  about  1,500  feet.  Iron  ore  of  a  fair  quality 
is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  township,  that  on  the  land  of  J.  M.  Hall,  near  Rose- 
ville, being  the  largest  and  best.  During  the  time  the  furnace  at  Mansfield  was 
in  operation,  quantities  of  this  ore  were  hauled  overland  to  it.  For  several  years 
past  Mr.  Hall  has  utilized  the  ore  in  the  manufacture  of  mineral  paint,  for  sale  and 
shipment.  During  the  earlier  years  of  the  township's  history  lumbering  was  the 
principal  industry.  Since  the  clearing  away  of  the  pine  and  hemlock  timber,  the 
people  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  and  are  fast  making 
the  township  one  of  the  leading  farming  townships  of  the  county.  The  township 
has  grown  healthfully  since  its  organization.  In  1840  it  contained  693  inhabitants; 
in  1870,  1,157;  in  1880,  including  Roseville  borough,  1,249,  and  in  1890,  1,071. 

EABLY  SETTLERS. 

One  of  the  very  earliest  settlers  of  the  township  was  William  Rose,  who  came 
from  Rutland  county,  Vermont,  in  1806,  and  settled  on  the  site  of  Roseville.  In 
1808  Jesse  Smith  came  from  Delaware  county.  New  York,  and  settled  in  what  is 
known  as  "Smith  Hollow."  In  1812  there  were  also  residing  in  the  township  the 
following  named  taxables:  John  Benson,  who  settled  on  the  Bradford  county  line; 
Ebenezer  and  W.  D.  Bacon,  on  the  farm  afterward  owned  by  George  T.  Longwell; 
Richard,  Judah  and  Noah  Gifford,  near  Roseville,  on  Brier  Hill,  and  Cornelius  and 
Andrew  Sharp,  just  east  of  Roseville,  on  what  was  afterwards  known  as  the  John 


552  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Hall  place.     Solomon  Goff  came  in  1815  and  settled  north  of  Eoseville. 

The  first  assessment  after  the  organization  of  the  township  was  taken  in  1829. 
It  showed  the  following  taxables:  Stewart  Austin,  who  lived  near  the  Van  Ness 
school  house;  John  Argetsinger,  one  mile  southeast  of  Eoseville;  Isaac  Benson, 
at  the  mouth  of  Painter  run;  Ephraim  Bryant,  Bethuel  Bentley,  on  Mill  creek, 
below  Eoseville;  Halsey  Burton,  at  Burton's  Corners,  southeast  of  Eoseville;  Jacob 
Benson,  on  Pumpkin  Hill;  Caleb  and  Silas  Burrell,  west  of  Eoseville;  Sylvester 
Benson,  in  the  Oldroyd  neighborhood;  Johnson  Brewer,  three  miles  northeast  of 
Eoseville;  Peter  Backer,  at  Eoseville;  \V.  D.  Bacon,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
tpwnship;  Sylvanus  Benson,  on  Mill  creek,  above  Eoseville;  William  M.  and  Jabez 
Coxey,  near  Eoseville;  David  and  Asa  Crippen,  two  miles  south  of  Eoseville,  on 
Brier  Hill;  Sydney,  Cornelius,  Samuel  and  Joseph  Clark,  at  Burton's  Comers; 
Harris  Corey,  two  miles  east  of  Eoseville;  John  Crippen,  south  of  Eoseville;  James 
Dann  and  James  Dann,  Jr.,  on  Brier  Hill;  John  B.  Dann,  near  Eoseville;  Nathan 
Gifford,  on  Brier  Hill;  Nathan  Goodwin,  on  Mill  creek,  four  miles  below  Eoseville, 
at  "Patchogue;"  Gardner  Gould,  on  Pumpkin  Hill;  Justus  Garretson,  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  township;  Hosea,  William  W.  and  John  E.  Howland,  southeast 
of  Eoseville;  Baldwin  Hazwell,  on  Mill  creek,  below  Eoseville;  David  Huntley,  ia 
the  eastern  part  of  the  township;  Calvin  W.  Handmer,  on  the  John  Hall  farm; 
Benjamin  Lawrence,  at  Lawrence's  Corners;  Nathan  and  Sylvester  Newberry,  on 
Pumpkin  Hill;  Lucinda  Newberry,  on  the  Hugh  Argetsinger  farm;  Elisha  Nash, 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  township;  Levi  Osgood,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the 
township;  Eichard  Pemberton,  a  mile  below  Eoseville;  David  Pnitsman,  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  the  township;  Erastus  and  Levi  Eose,  in  Eoseville;  Virgil  Eose, 
at  Burton's  Comers;  Samuel,  D.  B.  and  John  Eeynolds,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
township;  Isaac  and  I.  S.  Smith,  in  Smith  Hollow;  Jefferson  Sherman,  near  Eose- 
ville; Eobert  Searles,  on  Pumpkin  Hill;  John  Snyder,  on  the  Patrick  Longwell 
place,  above  Eoseville;  Silas  Smith,  near  Smith's  Hollow;  John,  Tunis  and  Albert 
Slingerland,  near  the  center  of  the  township;  Ira  and  Daniel  Walters,  William,  John, 
Henry  and  Abram  IJpdyke  and  Jonathan  and  Solomon  Wood,  on  Pumpkin  Hill, 
and  James  Eosell,  near  Job's  Comers. 

Of  the  foregoing,  a  few  remained  in  the  township  but  a  short  time.  Some 
moved  into  Sullivan,  Ward  and  other  townships,  while  others  became  pioneers  in  the 
new  states  farther  west.  The  majority,  however,  cleared  the  lands  settled  upon, 
and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives  in  the  township.  In  many  instances  the 
original  homesteads  are  occupied  by  their  descendants. 

MILLS    AND    OTHEH    ENTEEPEISES. 

In  1822  or  1823  William  Eose  erected  a  distillery  at  Eoseville,  which  he  operated 
eight  or  ten  years.  In  1825  Sylvanus  Benson,  Hosea  Howland  and  Barrett  Claxk, 
each  had  one-third  interest  in  a  saw-mill  on  Mill  creek,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
township.  About  1836  Sylvester  Bailey  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Elk  run,  near  the 
Sullivan  township  line.  This  he  operated  until  his  death  about  1852.'  In  this, 
as  in  other  townships,  mills  were  rapidly  established  after  1835,  aaid  changes  of 
ownership  were  frequent.  Sites  for  mills  were  selected  on  Mill  creek,  both  above 
and  below  Eoseville,  and  also  on  Elk  run  in  the  western  part  of  the  township.     The 


Ci^..^^<....9^1<y**'-£^^^iy 


EUTLAND    TOWNSHIP.  553 


later  mills  were  usually  operated  by  steam.  For  the  past  ten  or  fifteen  yeaxs  portable 
steam-mills  have  for  the  most  part  replaced  the  stationary  mills.  The  timber  sup- 
ply, while  not  abundant,  is  yet  sufficient  to  permit  the  cutting  of  a  few  million  feet 
each  year.  Among  the  more  prominent  of  the  early  mill  owners  and  lumbermen 
were  Bethuel  Bentley,  Frederick  Cruttenden,  Josephus  Clark,  William  Killgore, 
Ebenezer  Dunning,  Charles  Clayton,  Josiah  Brown,  E.  W.,  "W.  and  Koyal  Eose, 
Timothy  and  Nelson  Brace,  Alfred  McClure,  Peter  Sechrist,  Daggett  &  Sixbee, 
Isaac  L.  Wells,  Eodney  E.  Mies  and  others.  Among  the  mill  owners  of  more  recent 
years  were  A.  M.  Moorehouse,  Frank  G.  Hall,  Edgar  M.  Brace  and  Burton  Schrader. 
A  grist-mill  was  erected  in  the  early  thirties  on  Mill  creek,  a  short  distance 
above  Eoseville.  It  was  operated  for  a  few  years  by  Eufus  Daggett  and  Lyman 
Gibson;  then  by  Lyman,  Allen  and  William  Gibson;  from  1838  to  1840  by  Allen 
Gibson;  in  1841-42  by  Samuel  C.  Gibson;  then  for  two  years  by  Chazles  I.  &  E. 
Brown.  Then  followed  a  number  of  changes  of  ownership  until  1868,  when  the 
property  passed  into  the  hands  of  0.  C.  &  B.  Schrader.  In  1871  0.  C.  Schrader 
became  owner.  In  1873  Burton  Schrader  acquired  the  property,  adding  a  saw- 
mill in  1880.  In  1894  the  property  passed  into  the  possession  of  Eoss  &  Williams, 
of  Mansfield,  and  is  now  owned  by  Charles  S.  Eoss  of  that  place.  In  1863  Myron 
Mills  erected  a  taimery  in  Eoseville,  which  he  operated  for  several  years,  when  the 
enterprise  was  discontinued.  A  mill  for  the  purpose  of  converting  iron  ore  into 
mineral  paint  has  been  operated  for  several  years  past  by  J.  M.  Hall,  just  east  of 
Eoseville  borough.     Mr.  Hall  has  a  large  deposit  of  iron  ore  on  his  place. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  was  established  in  the  township  before  1880,  on  Mill  creek. 
Like  all  early  schools,  it  was  a  log  building  and  was  supported  by  subscription.  Early 
schools  were  also  established  at  Eoseville  and  in  the  Bentley  neighborhood.  After 
the  adoption  of  the  public  school  system,  the  township  was  divided  into  districts. 
At  the  present  time  there  are  twelve  schools  in  the  township  and  one  in  Eoseville 
borough.  The  average  number  of  months  taught,  is  six  in  the  township  and  seven 
in  the  borough. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

Dr.  Ezra  Wood  began  practice  in  the  township  as  early  as  1833  and  continued 
until  his  death  in  1829.  Francis  H.  White  began  practice  in  1833.  About  1837 
he  removed  from  the  township,  returning,  however,  and  resuming  his  practice  in 
1850.  He  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  to  within  a  few  years 
of  his  death.  He  died  in  1885,  having  attained  the  remarkable  age  of  106  years. 
Sanford  Eoblyer,  Dr.  Harrison,  Abel  Humphrey  and  Ealph  Shepherd  practiced  in 
the  township  from  1838  to  1840;  David  S.  Eoblyer,  from  1841  to  1843;  Orson 
Gregory,  1843  and  1844,  and  D.  IST.  Hunt,  1844  to  1846.  Joel  Eose  began  practice 
in  1846  and  continued  for  over  twenty  years.  Dr.  John  M.  Barden,  a  son  of  Dr. 
William  M.  Barden,  the  pioneer  homeopathic  physician  of  the  county,  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1862,  and  located  in  Eoseville.  Here  he  continued  to  prac- 
tice until  1881,  when  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  returning  to  Eoseville  in  1895. 
In  1875  Dr.  Benjamin  Moody  located  in  Eoseville,  and  practiced  there  until  1877, 


654  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

when  he  removed  to  Mansfield.     In  1883,  0.  S.  ISTye,  one  of  the  present  resident  phy- 
sicians, began  practice  in  EoseAdlle. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
organization  of  the  township:  Joseph  Clark,  1835;  Clark  Stilwell,  1835;  Jeffer- 
son Sherman,  1840;  John  W.  ¥rost,  1840;  Erastus  Eose,  1843;  re-elected,  1850; 
1855;  Bethuel  Bentley,  1845;  Charles  Sherman,  1848;  Schuyler  Horton,  1853; 
re-elected,  1858;  Daniel  Watson,  1860;  re-elected,  1865,  1870,  1875;  Henry  Old- 
royd,  1863;  re-elected,  1868;  J.  D.  Longwell,  1873;  Jefferson  Prutsman,  1876; 
re-elected,  1881,  1886,  1891;  D.  S.  Horton,  1876;  Eeynolds  Sixbee,  1881;  re- 
elected, 1886;  David  Conable,  1891;  George  Tanner,  1893,  and  G.  J.  Cook,  1897. 

CHUECHES    AND    CEMETBEIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  North  Sullivan  and  South  Rutland  was 
organized  in  1841,  and  is  familiarly  known  as  the  Mansfield  church.  A  church 
building  was  erected  in  1842,  and  the  society  incorporated.  Among  those  who 
have  served  as  pastors  of  this  church  were  Eevs.  Ira  Smith,  Joseph  Pearsall, 
Charles  L.  Brown,  Mr.  Wallace,  Mr.  Black,  Charles  Wright,  Jonas  Dodge,  J.  K. 
Tuthill,  S.  Alden,  Enoch  H.  Cranmer,  William  Hosmer,  E.  L.  Stilwell,  John  P. 
Kent,  Elisha  Sweet,  C.  L.  F.  Howe,  Nathan  S.  Clark,  M.  H.  Shurtleff,  Amos  Mans- 
field, George  Wilkinson,  Isaac  Everett,  S.  G.  Ehinevault,  Charles  M.  Adams,  J. 
0.  Benham,  A.  D.  Edgar,  E.  D.  Eose,  E.  J.  Hermans,  D.  W.  C.  Huntington,  C. 
C.  Wilbur,  M.  S.  Kymer,  J.  H.  Eoss,  Wesley  Cochran,  M.  T.  Wheeler,  Paul  Smith, 
Mr.  Briggs,  A.  S.  Darling,  John  Vankirk,  S.  A.  Chubbuck,  C.  B.  Eowley,  E.  D. 
Eawson,  G.  W.  Moiey,  E.  E.  Ballard,  H.  D.  Barber,  George  Warburton,  Paul 
Smith,  M.  E.  Eockwell,  Edward  Eiley,  Charles  Hillman  and  J.  C.  Crowther,  the 
present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  October,  1894. 

The  Second  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1860  with  ten  mem- 
bers, and  a  church  erected  in  1865,  at  Lawrence's  Corners,  near  Mill  creek,  below 
Eoseville.     This  church  has  had  the  same  pastors  as  the  "Mansfield  church." 

.  The  Third  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Rutlaiid  is  the  church  at  Eose- 
ville. It  was  incorporated  in  1870  and  a  building  erected,  which  was  destroyed 
in  the  fire  of  July  8, 1890.  A  new  building  and  a  parsonage  have  since  been  erected. 
This  church  has  been  served  by  the  same  pastors  as  the  "Mansfield  church." 

Bailey  Creek  Baptist  Church  was  organized  April  13,  1859,  with  nineteen 
members,  as  follows:  Eev.  Benjamin  Oviatt,  Timothy  Brace,  Temperance  Brace, 
Horace  Brace,  E.  Brace,  D.  Havens,  Julia  A.  Longwell,  Henrietta  Kangsley,  G.  W. 
Kingsley,  Freeman  Harris, Mrs.  F.Harris,  F.  Ingersoll,I.  Eickey,  Anna  Eickey, Nelson 
Brace,  Aaron  Squires  and  wife,  and  Benjamin  Fralic  and  wife.  The  following 
named  persons  have  served  the  church  as  pastors:  Eev.  Benjamin  Oviatt,  1859; 
Samuel  Grinnell,  1860;  J.  Gray,  1861-63;  M.  Eockwell,  1864-67;  G.  P.  Watrous, 
1870-73;  C.  H.  Crowl,  1873-74;  M.  Eockwell,  1875-76;  C.  P.  Mott,  1877;  M. 
Eockwell,  1878-80;  Samuel  Early,  1881-83;  C.  B.  Smith,  1884;  E.  D.  Hays,  1885- 
86;  S.  D.  Merrick,  1887;  J.  A.  Klucker,  1889;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1891;  C.  H.  Crowl, 
1892-93;  L.  L.  Grover,  1894.  This  church  now  numbers  forty-five  members.  A 
church  building  was  erected  on  Elk  run,  a  short  distance  above  its  junction  -with 
Mill  creek,  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  $3,280,  and  a  hall  and  sheds  costing  $600  added  in 


BUTLAND    TOWNSHIP.  555 


1882.  There  axe  fifty-six  pupils  and  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  N. 
C.  Brace  is  superintendent. 

The  Rutland  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  Eoseville,  August  30,  1873,  with 
fourteen  members,  as  follows:  John  M.  Barden,  Hannah  H.  Barden,  Myron  Mills, 
Mary  J.  Mills,  D.  W.  Havens,  Mrs.  Louisa  IJavens,  Leroy  D.  Pierce,  Mrs.  S.  M. 
Pierce,  Mrs.  Polly  Wood,  Philander  D.  Eockwell,  William  Worden,  Mrs.  Caroline 
Worden,  Mrs.  Mary  Baker  and  Mrs.  Louisa  Soper.  Eev.  R.  Corbett,  the  first  pas- 
tor, served  during  1873.  His  successors  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  C.  H.  Growl, 
1873-74;  F.  Purvis,  1875;  M.  Eockwell,  1876-83;  C.  B.  Smith,  1884;  E.  D.  Hays, 
1885-87;   Franklin  Pierce,  1888;   J.  A.  Klucker,  1889,;    G.  P.  Watrous,  1891-93; 

C.  H.  Growl,  1893-95,  and  S.  G.  Brundage,  who  took  charge  in  March,  1896.  A 
neat  and  attractive  church  building,  costing  $3,000,  was  dedicated  December  10, 
1873.  The  church  has  now  forty-eight  members.  In  the  Sunday-school,  of  which 
Joel  Glark  is  the  superintendent,  are  fifty-five  pupils  and  teachers.  Both  church 
and  school  are  constantly  growing. 

Cemeteries  and  neighborhood  burying  grounds  are  to  be  found  in  various 
paris  of  the  township.  The  old  burying  ground  at  Eoseville  is  on  a  little  knoll  on 
Mill  creek.  The  newer  cemetery,  near  the  Baptist  church,  is  regularly  laid  out 
and  will  eared  for.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  near  the  roadside,  on  a 
knoll,  is  the  old  Clark  burying  ground,  containing  the  remains  of  the  pioneers 
of  that  neighborhood.  In  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township,  near  the  Sher- 
man school,  is  another  old  burying  ground.  In  the  Bentley  graveyard,  below 
Eoseville,  is  found  a  modest  tombstone,  bearing  the  following  inscription: 

Daniel  Wattles. 

A  Soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

Born  in  Connecticut  in  1761. 

Died  in  Tioga  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  19,  1839. 

This  stone  was  erected  to  his  memory  by  J.  M.  Wattles,  of  Bradford  cou,nty,  as  a 

mark  of  filial  affection  and  gratitude. 

Mr.  Wattles  was  an  early  settler  in  the  township,  in  which  he  resided  for 
several  years  previous  to  his  death. 

EOSEVILLE    BOEOUGH. 

Eoseville  is  situated  on  Mill  creek,  a  short  distance  east  and  south  of  the 
ijenter  of  the  township.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Eose,  who  settled  on 
its  site  in  1806,  and  who  was  for  many  years  its  leading  citizen.  It  is  one  of  the 
smaller  boroughs  of  the  county,  and  is  a  purely  rural  village,  being  in  the  midst 
of  a  good  agricultural  section.  The  first  tavern  keeper  was  William  Eose,  Jr.,  who 
began  business  in  a  little  house  that  stood  on  the  vacant  lot  south  of  the  Long- 
well  residence.  A  building  was  afterwards  erected  on  the  site  of  the  present  Eose- 
ville Hotel.  About  1850  William  Eose,  Jr.,  w^as  succeeded  by  Eoyal  Eose,  who 
continued  in  business  until  his  death  in  November,  1865.     He  was  succeeded  by 

D.  W.  Hibbard,  who  kept  the  house  for  a  number  of  years.  He  had  a  number  of 
successors.  The  hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  July,  1890,  being  then  the  property 
of  P.  C.  Avery.  It  was  rebuilt  and  is  now  run  by  him.  The  Backer  House  was 
erected  about  1849  by  Peter  Backer.  He  kept  it  for  a  number  of  years.  It  has 
had  numerous  landlords.     It  is  not  now  run  as  a  hotel. 

A   postofHee,    called   Eutland,   was   established   in   the   township    in    1838. 


556  .  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Bethuel  Bentley  was  the  first  postmaster  and  kept  the  office  in  his  dwelling,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  below  Eoseville,  on  Mill  creek.  He  held  the  office  until  1840, 
■when  William  Eose,  Jr.,  was  appointed  and  the  office  permanently  located  at  Eose- 
Tille.  The  succeeding  postmasters  have  been  Eoyal  Eose,  H.  B.  Hibbard,  E.  E. 
Backer,  appointed  in  1866;  C.  B.  Hanyen,  appointed  in  1881;  Daniel  Watson, 
appointed  in  1885;  E.  E.  Wood,  appointed  in  1889,  and  J.  P.  Wilcox,  appointed 
June  17,  1893.     The  office  was  made  a  money-order  office  April  7,  1893. 

A  store  was  opened  in  Eoseville  about  1837,  by  Eoyal  Eose,  who  continued 
in  business  until  1852,  when  the  enterprise  was  conducted  for  two  years  by  E.  and 
E.  Eose  and  A.  Hall.  J.  B.  and  P.  S.  Drake  were  merchants  in  1852,  and  Byron 
Clark  in  1853.  Strait  &  Austin  began  business,  as  merchants,  in  1860,  and  were 
succeeded  in  1863  by  Charles  L.  Strait,  who  continued  in  business  over  twenty 
years.  In  1867  Capt.  E.  E.  Backer  embarked  in  business,  and  was  succeeded 
in  1874  by  Myron  Mills.  About  1881  Mr.  Mills  removed  to  Mansfield.  The 
present  merchants  are  C.  B.  Hanyen,  who  has  been  in  business  in  Eoseville  since 
1881,  and  H.  L.  Blood,  who  began  business  in  1886. 

Eoseville  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  February  3,  1876,  the  first  officers 
being  as  follows:  S.  S.  Johns,  burgess;  6.  W.  Sherman,  Myron  Mills,  L.  C.  Ben- 
son, C.  L.  Strait,  John  M.  Barden  and  Daniel  Watson,  councilmen;  Daniel  Wat- 
son and  J.  D.  Longwell,  justices  of  the  peace;  Josephus  Stout,  constable;  D.  W. 
Hibbard,  street  commissioner,  and  Warren  Eose,  assessor.  The  office  of  burgess 
has  been  since  held  by  the  following-named  persons:  S.  S.  Johns,  1877;  G.  W. 
Soper,  1888;  L.  D.  Pierce,  1879;  E.  Crapser,  1880-81;  Alanson  Eose,  1882;  S. 
Eose,  1883;  0.  B.  Burlew,  1884;  John  Teneyck,  1885;  H.  H.  Van  Ockin,  1886; 
Alexander  Eose,  1887;  A.  C.  Young,  1888-89;  John  Teneyck,  1890;  0.  S.  Nye, 
1891-92;  L.  Eose,  1893;  H.  H.  Van  Ockin,  1894;  J.  D.  Longwell,  1895;  Frank 
Argetsinger,  1896,  and  J.  F.  WHlcox,  1897. 

The  justices  of  Eoseville  have  been  as  follows:  J.  D.  Longwell,  1878;  Daniel 
Watson,  1880;  Charles  W.  Kelley,  1883;  re-elected  in  1888  and  1893;  C.  B. 
Hanyen,  1885;  re-elected  in  1890,  and  Josephus  Stout,  1895. 

The  first  secret  society  in  Eoseville  was  Adelphic  Lodge,  No.  368,  I.  0.  0.  F., 
originally  organized  in  Tioga,  October  8,  1847,  and  removed  to  Eoseville  April  2, 
1857,  where  it  flourished  and  became  the  parent  of  Seely  Creek  Lodge,  at  Dag- 
getts,  and  of  the  lodges  at  AustinviRe  and  Aspinwall,  in  Bradford  county.  The 
hall  building  of  this  lodge  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  July  8,  1890,  soon  after 
which  the  charter  was  surrendered  and  it  passed  o\it  of  existence.  The  existing 
societies  in  Eoseville  are  Capt.  E.  E.  Backer  Post,  No.  616,  G.  A.  E.,  organized  Sep- 
tember 6,  1892,  and  which  has  now  twenty-three  members;  and  Eutland  Tent, 
No.  87,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  which  was  organized  September  30,  1895.  It  now  numbers 
seventeen  members. 

July  8,  1890,  the  borough  was  visited  by  a  destructive  fire,  which  swept  out  of 
existence  twenty-three  buildings,  including  one  hotel,  the  Methodist  church,  C. 
B.  Hanyen's  store,  and  a  number  of  private  residences  and  bams.  The  loss  in 
properly  exceeded  $50,000.  The  church  and  the  hotel  and  a  number  of  the 
residences,  including  the  Methodist  parsonage,  have  since  been  rebuilt.  The 
borough  now  contains  a  postoffice,  a  hotel,  two  general  stores,  two  churches,  a 
public  school  building,  two  blacksmith  shops,  etc. 


CHAPTEE  XL VII. 

SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 

Oeganization— Original  Area  and  Present  Boundaries— Soil  and  Products- 
Streams— Derivation  OF  Name— Population— Early  Settlers— Business 
Enterprises— Schools— Physicians  and  Justices— Churches— Cemeteries- 
Secret  Societies— Borough  of  Mainesburg — Villages  and  Postoffices. 


SULLIVAN  township  was  organized  in  February,  1816,  and  was  taken  from 
Covington  township.  It  embraced  within  its  original  boundaries  the  larger 
part  of  the  township  of  Eutland,  and  all  of  the  townships  of  Union  and  "Ward. 
As  at  present  constituted  it  embraces  an  area  averaging  six  and  a  half  miles  from 
east  to  west,  by  seven  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  contains  about  forty-iive 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Eutland  township;  east  by  Brad- 
ford coimty;  south  by  Ward  township,  and  west  by  Covington  and  Eiehmond 
townships.  The  mean  elevation  above  tidewater  is  about  1,400  feet.  The  general 
surface,  except  along  the  southern  border,  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  productive 
and  weU  adapted  to  the  cereal  grains,  meadow  grasses,  orchard  fruits  and  tobacco. 
In  proportion  to  its  area,  Sulhvan  township  is  the  richest  and  best  agricul- 
tural township  in  the  county.  Very  little  of  its  land  is  uncultivated,  and  its  farmers 
are  thrifty,  prosperous  and  progressive.  It  is  well  watered,  and  its  creek  valleys 
are  the  sites  of  some  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  township.  Elk  run  rises  near  the 
southeast  corner  and  flows  northwest  through  the  central  part  of  the  township, 
receiving  a  number  of  smaller  branches.  Corey  creek  rises  south  of  the  center 
of  the  township,  and  pursues  a  northwest  course  to  Mainesburg,  west  of  which  it 
passes  into  Eiehmond  township.  Canoe  Camp  creek  pursues  a  westward  course 
through  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township. 

Among  the  early  settlers  were  a  number  of  Eevolutionaxy  soldiers,  who  had 
seen  service  under  Gen.  John  Sullivan,  who,  in  the  summer  of  1779,  led  an  ex- 
pedition against  the  Indians  in  the  Genesee  valley.  When  the  township  was  or- 
ganized, these  early  settlers  named  it  "Sullivan,"  in  honor  of  their  old  commander. 
Its  growth  in  population  and  wealth  has  been  steady  and  progressive.  In  1840  it 
led  in  population,  having  1,378  inhabitants.  In  1870  it  had  1,637  inhabitants; 
in  1880,  1,345,  and  ia  1890,  1,311.  The  decrease  in  population,  during  recent 
years,  has  been  due  to  the  suspension  of  lumbering  operations,  owing  to  the  ex- 
haustion of  the  timber  supply.  Sullivan  is  now  a  strictly  agricultural  town- 
ship, and  as  such  is  rich  and  prosperous. 

EARLY  SETTLERS. 

The  settlement  of  the  township  began  about  1803,  in  which  year  Samuel  Eey- 
nolds  came  from  Vermont  and  settled  on  the  farm  until  recently  occupied  by  his 
son,  the  late  Thomas  Eeynolds,  on  the  State  road.     David  Palmer,  a  native   of 


558  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA     COXTNTT. 

Oneida  county,  New  York,  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  where  he 
and  his  brother  Stephen  pre-empted  and  purchased  nearly  1,000  acres  of  land,  the 
greater  portion  of  which  is  still  owned  by  their  descendants.  His  brother,  Stephen 
Palmer,  came  later  and  settled  beside  him.  James  Gray,  who  camo  in  1805  from 
Otsego  county.  New  York,  settled  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  in  what 
has  since  been  known  as  Gray's  Valley.  He  was  a  EeTolutionary  soldier  and  served 
seven  years  in  the  Continental  army,  and  was  discharged  with  the  rank  of  captain. 
Noah  Eumsey,  Sr.,  came  from  Vermont  in  1807,  and  settled  on  the  site  of 
Mainesburg.  A  few  years  later  he  sold  out  to  Jonathan  L.  Spencer,  and  located 
on  Eumsey  Hill,  as  did  also  his  brothers.  Smith  and  Jeremiah  Eumsey,  each  of 
whom  left  numerous  descendants  in  Sullivan  township.  Eussell  Eose,  an  oflB.cer 
in  the  Eevolution,  on  Washington's  staff,  came  from  Connecticut  in  1807,  and 
settled  in  the  northeast  corner  of  what  is  now  "Ward  township.  A  few  years 
later  he  removed  to  Sullivan  township  and  located  on  the  State  road,  about  half 
a  mile  west  of  the  State  Eoad  Baptist  church.  A  number  of  his  descendants  still 
reside  in  this  neighborhood.  Mrs.  Eebecca  Packard,  a  daughter  of  Eussell  Eose, 
ajid  for  many  years  past  a  resident  of  Covington  township,  was  bom  in  Norfolk 
township,  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  October  11,  1795.  She  celebrated  the 
one  himdred  and  first  anniversary  of  her  birth  in  October,  1896.  Notwithstand- 
ing her  great  age,  she  is  still  bright  and  active. 

After  the  opening  up  of  the  State  road  through  the  township  in  1808,  settlers 
began  to  flock  in.  It  has  been  difficult  to  ascertain  the  exact  year  of  the  coming 
of  each  one,  and  resort  has  been  had  to  the  assessment  list  of  1818  to  determine 
who  were  the  tax-paying  residents  of  the  township  in  that  year.  It  is  safe  to  as- 
sume, that  nearly  all  of  those  whose  names  appear  on  that  list  were  here  as  early 
as  1810,  and  some  a  year  or  two  earlier.  In  addition  to  those  already  given,  the 
following  names  appear:  Isaac  Baker,  who  settled  in  "Gray's  Valley;"  Simeon 
Briggs  on  the  State  road;  Griffin  and  Constant  Bailej',  at  Chandlerburg;  Paul 
and  ApoUos  Cudworth,  on  Eumsey  Hill;  Peleg  Doud,  southeast  of  Mainestturg; 
Aaron  Gitchell  and  Eli  Gitchell,  a  Baptist  preacher,  and  Levi  Gitchell,  on  Eum- 
sey Hill;  Allen  Lane  and  Benjamin  and  Henry  Lawrence,  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  township;  "William  Ludington,  on  the  Isaac  Squires  farm;  Ira  Mudge,  on 
the  State  road;  Hanover  Pitts,  near  the  fiichmond  township  line;  Jesse  Orvis, 
on  the  State  road;  Thomas  Eexford  and  Gardner  Seaman,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  township;  Jesse  Smith,  near  the  Eutland  township  line,  and  Elijah  and 
Nathaniel  "Welch,  on  the  State  road,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township. 

The  following  additional  names  appear  on  the  assessment  list  of  1817,  the 
first  assessment  made  after  the  township  was  organized:  John  Andrews,  Ananias 
Balcer,  Simeon  Briggs,  Jr.;  Thomas  E.  Corey,  who  settled  on  the  State  road; 
James  Cudworth,  who  settled  in  the  western,  and  David  Crippen,  who  settled  in 
the  northeastern  part  of  the  township;  Jacob  Collins,  who  settled  near  Maines- 
burg; Josiah  Dewey,  who  came  in  1813,  and  settled  on  the  State  road;  John  Ellis,, 
who  came  in  1815,  and  settled  in  Mainesburg;  David  Fellows,  who  also  settled  in 
the  Mainesburg  neighborhood;  John  and  Silas  Gray,  David  Jones,  Timothy 
Knowlton,  who  settled  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township;  John  King,  who 
settled  in  the. eastern  part  of  the  township;   Allen  Lane,  Jr.,  Lemuel  Lane,  John 


SULLIVAN    TOWNSHIP.  559 


Ludington,  Eeuben  Merritt,  Joseph  aiid  Timothy  Orvis,  Jonathan  Partridge,  who 
settled  below  Chandlerbnxg;  Clement  and  David  Paine,  Smith  Eumsey,  Elisha 
Rush,  John  Simpkins,  Lyman  Spencer,  Nathan  Welch,  Jr.,  Roswell  and  Abial 
"Webster,  Zebedee  Woodward,  Nbali  Weast,  John  Watson,  Ephraim  S.  Marsh, 
Joseph  Ford,  Lyman  Eumsey,  Samuel  Hardin,  Eobert  Potter,  Daniel  James,  Levi 
Fox  and  Isaac  Benson. 

BUSINESS    ENTEEPHISES. 

A  grist-mill  was  erected  at  Mainesburg  about  1809,  by  Noah  Eumsey,  Sr. 
Two  or  three  years  later  he  sold  it  to  Jonathan  L.  Spencer.  In  1834  he  sold  his 
lands  and  mill  and  other  personal  property  to  John  Maine,  a  pioneer  in  Lawrence 
township,  who  also  bought  the  lands  and  personal  property  of  Lyman  Spencer. 
Mr.  Maine  operated  the  mill  until  1841,  when  he  sold  it  to  Solon  Eichards,  who 
ran  it  a  number  of  years,  and  sold  it  to  E.  K.  Brundage,  and  he  in  turn  to 
Philemon  Doud,  who  tore  down  the  old  mill  and  erected  a  steam  mill  on  its  site. 
N.  E.  Calkins  succeeded  Doud  as  owner  of  the  property,  which  finally  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Hiram  Horton,  who  leased  it  to  Aaron  Austin.  On  April  17,  1894, 
the  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  has  not  been  rebuilt.  In  1831  Sylvester  Bailey 
erected  a  water-power  grist-mill  in  Bailey  Hollow,  near  Chandlerburg.  About 
1840  he  sold  it  to  Moses  Crawford,  who  operated  it  for  a  number  of  years.  It 
shut  down  about  twenty  years  ago,  0.  W.  Palmer  being  the  owner  at  the  time. 

In  1819  John  Gray  erected  a  saw-mill  at  Gray's  Valley,  on  Elk  run.  He 
operated  until  1832.  It  had  a  number  of  owners.  In  1838  Albert  Dewey  erected 
a  saw-mill  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township,  which  he  and  George  Dewey 
operated  for  a  number  of  years.  William  Young,  another  early  mill  owner,  built 
a  mill  about  1832  below  Mainesburg,  on  Corey  creek,  near  the  Eichmond  town- 
ship Une.  In  1844  Valorus  0.  Spencer  erected  a  mill  above  Maiuesburg.  Other 
early  mill  owners  and  lumbermen  were:  Stephen  Palmer,  who  ran  a  mill  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  township;  Peleg  Doud,  who  erected  one  on  the  South  fork  of 
Corey  creek,  on  what  is  now  the  George  Eoss  farm,  and  Sylvester  Bailey,  who 
erected  one  in  Bailey  Hollow.  All  these  mills  were  run  by  water  power,  the  flutter- 
wheel  being  the  one  generally  used.  They  have  passed  out  of  existence,  except 
the  mill  near  the  State  road,  now  operated  by  Edward  Dewey. 

In  1820  Lyman  and  Orange  Spencer  were  operating  a  distillery  near  Maines- 
burg. It  afterwards  became  the  property  of  John  Maine,  who  ran  it  a  few  years, 
and  then  discontinued  the  business.  In  1828  John  Packard  erected  a  tannery  in 
Mainesburg.  It  was  afterwards  moved  over  the  hill,  north  of  the  village.  He 
conducted  it  until  his  death  in  1842,  when  it  shut  down.  In  1832  Solon  Eichards 
established  a  woolen  factory  in  Mainesburg,  which  he  sold  in  1838  to  Philemon 
Doud.  It  was  discontinued  about  184.5.  J.  B.  Strong  erected  a  wagon  shop  in 
Mainesburg  in  the  early  fifties.  It  was  afterwards  carried  on  by  Lorenzo  Doud. 
It  is  over  thirty  years  since  it  ceased  operations.  The  building  was  afterward 
transformed  into  a  skating  rink  and  is  now  used  as  a  public  hall. 

The  existing  manufacturing  enterprises  are  the  Mainesburg  Co-operative 
Creamery  Company;    the  East  Sullivan  Co-operative  Creamery  Company,  whose 


5gQ  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


creamery  is  located  in  Gray's  Valley,  and  the  West  Sullivan  Co-operative  Creamery 
Company,  whose  creamery  is  located  on  the  Mansfield  and  Eoseville  road,  near 
the  Eichmond  township  Une.  These  creameries  have  all  been  established  since 
1890.  During  the  season  they  manufacture  about  350  pounds  of  butter  a  day 
each.  The  patrons  pay  three  cents  a  pound  for  churning  aJid  receive  back  the 
skim  milk.  A  cheese  factory,  on  the  S.  K.  Longwell  place,  is  not  now  in 
operation. 

The  first  store  in  the  township  was  staxted-in  1816  by  John  Gray,  in  Gray's 
Valley.  A  few  years  later  Timothy  and  Joseph  Orvis,  opened  a  store  on  King's 
Hill,  south  of  the  State  road.  Both  these  stores  were  carried  on  in  log  buildings. 
Some  time  after  this  Alvin  Ames  opened  a  store  in  a  frame  building  on  Ames' 
Hill. 

In  1832  John  M.  Fox  opened  the  first  store  in  Mainesburg.  He  was  after- 
wards associated  in  business  with  A.  C.  Witter,  the  firm  being  Fox  &  Witter.  Mr. 
Fox  was  in  business  about  forty  years.  Among  the  later  merchants  were  John 
Eobinson,  P.  W.  Doud,  E.  A.  Fish,  L.  D.  Eumsey  and  William  Strong.  There 
are  now  two  general  stores  in  Mainesburg,  one  conducted  by  J.  W.  DeWitt  &  Son, 
and  the  other  by  J.  N.  Strange. 

In  18.51  Northrop  Smith  and  H.  L.  Eoblyer  opened  a  store  in  Chandlerburg. 
Mr.  Eoblyer  retired  in  1857,  and  Mr.  Smith  carried  on  the  business  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  afterward.  Thomas  Wood  opened  a  grocery  store  here  and  carried  it  on 
for  six  or  eight  years.  October  1,  1888,  S.  L.  Wood  opened  a  general  store, 
which  he  still  carries  on.     It  is  now  the  only  store  in  the  place. 

Soon  after  embarking  in  business  in  Mainesburg,  John  M.  Fox  opened  a  hotel 
in  a  building  still  standing,  east  of  the  Grange  hall.  Here  he  kept  hotel  for  more 
than  twenty  years.  In  184-7  Leander  D.  Eumsey,  built  the  house  now  known  as 
"Hotel  Thayer."  He  was  succeeded  as  landlord  by  J.  B.  Strong.  Daniel  James 
kept  here  during  the  war,  his  successors  being  Peleg  Doud  and  E.  K.  Brundage. 
0.  B.  Thayer,  the  present  landlord,  purchased  the  property  in  1886.  The  Maines- 
burg House  has  been  kept  for  a  number  of  years  by  A.  M.  Haight.  It  was  erected  for 
a  private  residence. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  township  was  a  log  structure,  erected  near  Allen 
Lane's.  It  was  a  subscription  school,  as  were  all  the  early  schools  of  the  county. 
Another  early  school,  known  as  the  Diven  school,  was  erected  in  Gray's  Valley. 
The  Eamsdale  and  Eumsey  Hill  school  houses  were  all  built  during  the  sub- 
scription school  period.  As  the  township  became  settled  other  schools  were 
started.  After  the  adoption  of  the  common  school  law,  in  1835,  regular  school 
districts  were  formed,  which  were  sub-divided  as  population  increased.  The  first 
school  house  in  Mainesburg  was  on  the  site  of  the  building  now  occupied  as  an 
office  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Knipple.  In  1896  there  were  fifteen  schools  in  the  township, 
and  one  in  Mainesburg,  in  which  seventeen  teachers  were  employed.  The  schools 
are  well  sustained,  good  teachers  are  employed  and  fair  salaries  paid. 


^J^r^.^Z^e^^r^^-J^ 


SULLIVAN     TOWNSHIP.  561 


PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

About  1830  Dr.  Dexter  ParMiurst,  who  had  previously  practiced  in  Mans- 
field, located  in  Maineshurg,  where  he  continued  to  practice  until  his  death  in 
1866.  Harry  Lyman  located  in  Maineshurg  about  the  same  time,  but  made  a 
brief  stay.  Levi  Eose  begaoi  practice  about  1835  and  continued  for  a  number  of 
years.  David  A.  Eoblyer  began  practice  about  1845  and  continued  until  about 
1850.  Dr.  George  D.  Maine,  a  son  of  John  Maine,  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  BufEalo  in  1856,  and  a  year  later  located  ia 
Mainesburg,  where  he  has  continued  to  practice  to  the  present  time.  Leonard 
J.  Bradford,  a  native  of  the  township,  graduated  from  Penn  Medical  College  in 
1865,  practiced  two  years  at  Austinville,  and  in  1867  located  near  Sullivan  Post- 
ofi&ce,  where  he  has  continued  to  practice  until  the  present  time.  Dr.  John  A. 
Knipple,  a  graduate  of  Parish  Medical  College,  has  practiced  in  Mainesburg  since 
1893. 

The  following-named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
township  was  organized:  Eli  Gitchell,  1819;  John  Cochran,  1832;  Ebenezer 
Eipley,  1822;  John  Marvin,  1835;  re-elected,  1835;  John  Gray,  1825;  Ephraim 
B.  Gerould,  1836;  James  C.  Turner,  1838;  Thomas  Dyer,  1838;  Thomas  Putnam, 
1838;  John  Shaffer,  1839;  Eufus  Smith, '  1831;  Daniel  N.  Hunt,  1832;  'Lan- 
son  Miller,  1834;  Solon  Eichards,  1835;  William  Hill,  1835;  Alfred  Eipley, 
1836;  re-elected,  1840;  Evan  Harris,  1837;  Edwin  Dyer,  1838;  Isaac  Drake, 
1838;  Philemon  Doud,  1840;  Leander  D.  Eumsey,  1841;  Calvin  C.  Green,  1845; 
James  Gray,  1845;  Isaac  S.  Eumsey,  1848;  re-elected,  1853;  Thomas  Eeynolds, 
1850;  Henry  B.  Card,  1855;  re-elected,  1860;  E.  A.  Pish,  1858;  Isaac  Squire, 
1860;  re-elected,  1872,  1877,  1882;  Northrop  Smith,  1863;  re-elected,  1867,  1887, 
1893;  K.  A.  Taylor,  1865;  re-elected,  1870;  B.  I.  Eew,  1873;  E"athaa  Smith,  1878; 
Charles  Strange,  1883;  re-elected,  1888;  W.  J.  Squire  and  Loren  Dodge,  1893. 

CHUECHES. 

The  Old  School  Baptist  Church  of  Sullivan  was  organized  about  the  year 
1816,  at  the  residence  of  Peleg  Doud,  neax  Mainesburg.  The  first  minister  of 
this  denomination  to  preach  in  the  township,  was  Eev.  Mr.  Power.  He  was  soon 
Joined  by  Eev.  Ifehemiah  Hobart  Eipley,  who  came  into  the  county  in  1815,  and 
settled  in  Eichmond  township,  and  their  efforts  resulted  in  the  organization  of  a 
church.  Meetings  were  held  in  dwellings  and  school  houses.  A  great  many  of 
the  early  settlers  were  members  of  this  church,  which  maintained  its  organization 
for  a  number  of  years.  Owing  to  deaths,  removals,  and  the  absorption  of  its 
membership  by  the  regular  Baptist  churches  of  East  Sullivan,  and  the  State 
road,  it  became  too  weak  to  maintain  itself  and  passed  out  of  existence.  Among 
the  ministers  who  preached  to  this  church  was  Eev.  Eli  Gitchell,  an  early  settler 
on  Eumsey  Hill. 

The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Sullivan  was  the  outgrowth  of  meetings 
begun  in  the  autumn  of  1830,  in  the  Eumsey  Hill  school  house,  by  Eev.  James  H. 
Lamphere,  who  organized  a  church  in  the  following  spring.  On  April  3,  1866, 
the  society  was  incorporated.  During  recent  years  it  maintained  no  regular 
pastor. 

36 


562  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

The  East  Sullivan  Baptist  Church  was  organized  May  IS,  1836.  In  June, 
1835,  the  first  regulax  appointments  for  Baptist  preaching  were  made  by  Samuel 
Bullock,  of  Bradford  county,  assisted  by  Elder  Elisha  Kich.  In  October  follow- 
ing, those  who  had  attended  these  services-  organized  themselves  into  a  body, 
called  the  Sullivan  Baptist  Christian  Conference.  May  18,  1836,  a  council  met 
and  formally  organized  the  church,  with  a  membership  of  twenty-seven  persons, 
as  follows:  P.  Baker,  Samuel  Bullock,  A.  Crandall,  John  Ludington,  Peleg  Doud, 
E.  Webster,  H.  Austin,  Philemon  Doud,  James  Gray,  Jr.,  "William  Squire,  Noah 
0.  Gray,  Aurilla  Baker,  Lueinda  Eeynolds,  Elizabeth  Bullock,  Sarah  Crandall, 
Eunice  Ludington,  Betsy  "Webster,  Louisa  Doud,  L.  "Webster,  Louisa  Squire,  Mary 
Hill,  Sally  Burman,  Almira  Hill,  Caroline  Chapman,  Isabella  Gray,  Lucy  Eey- 
nolds and  Louisa  Gray.  Eev.  Elisha  Eich  was  the  first  pastor.  His  successors 
were  Eevs.  Packer,  D.  M.  Eoot,  Myron  Eockwell,  J.  P.  Burnam,  S.  Grinnell,  1851; 
C.  Beebe,  1852-56;  S.  Grinnell,  1857-59;  M.  Eockwell,  1860-63;  G.  P.  "Watrous, 
1865  ;  C.  A.  Stone,  1867;  no  pastor,  1868  to  1872;  M.  Eockwell,  1873;  P.  Purvis, 
1875.  After  1875  the  church  had  no  pastor  and  in  1888  it  became  extinct.  The 
church  at  Mansfield,  organized  April  10,  1840,  was  a  branch  of  this  society,  as 
was  also  the  Sullivan  State  Eoad  Baptist  church,  organized  in  June,  1856.  A 
branch  of  this  church  was  also  organized  at  the  Van  Ness  school  house,  in  Eut- 
land  township,  December  14,  1839.  A  Sunday-school  was  organized  about  1843 
and  regularly  sustained  until  1870.  The  first  church  edifice  in  the  township  was 
erected  by  this  society  in  1842.  In  May,  1855,  the  church  numbered  111  mem- 
bers.    The  last  baptism  occurred  in  August,  1867. 

The  Sullivan  State  Road  Baptist  Church  was  organized  July  8,  1856,  in  L. 
L.  Smith's  bam.  The  preliminary  steps  were  taken  at  a  conference  which  met  at 
the  Eamsdale  school  house  May  3,  1856,  and  which  was  presided  over  by  Eev.  C. 
Beebe,  moderator.  Upon  the  formal  organization  of  the  church,  the  following 
named  persons  became  members:  J.  Fletcher,  D.  D.  Miller,  Betsy  Eumsey,  A. 
Hart,  E.  B.  Eose,  0.  D.  Eumsey,  D.  Fletcher,  Mary  E.  Miller,  Cornish  Mudge, 
Daniel  Eose,  M.  V.  Mudge,  F.  S.  Morgaji,  Floyd  Ashley,  E.  S.  Eose,  Allen 
Webster,  L.  A.  Eose,  Adeline  Smith,  T.   C.  Webster,  Sarah  Fletcher,  Clarissa 

A.  Eose,  W.  L.  Miller,  G.  W.  Doud,  S.  S.  Webster,  Anna  C.  Miller,  L.  A.  Eock- 
well, N.  N.  Eumsey,  Betsy  Morgan,  Susannah  Welch,  Christiana  Ayers,  L.  Jane 
Ashley,  Jane  E.  Eose,  Oliver  Eumsey,  Alonzo  S.  Chapel  and  E.  J.  Lewis.  Eev. 
C.  Beebe,  the  first  pastor,  served  during  1856.  His  successors  have  been  as  fol- 
lows: Eevs.  S.  Grinnell,  1857;  M.  Eockwell,  1858-63;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1865-68- 
M.  Eockwell,  1870-72;  J.  A.  Baskwell,  1873;  M.  Eockwell,  1875;  Henry  Bray' 
1876-77;  Boss  Ward,  1878-80;  Samuel  Early,  1881;  S.  F.  Mathews,  1882;  a! 
Tilden,  1883-85;   E.  J.  Lewis,  1886;   A.  J.  Adams,  1887;    G.  H.  Trapp,  1889-90; 

B.  T.  Davies,  1891,  and  J.  A.  James,  the  present  pastor,  who  took  charge  in  Mayi 
1893.  In  1857  the  society  erected  a  frame  church  building  on  the  south  side  of 
the  State  road,  two  miles  and  a  half  southeast  of  Mainesburg.  This  ha^  since 
been  repaired  as  needed.  The  church  has  164  members.  There  are  seventy 
pupils  and  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  E.  B.  Eoberts  of  Mainesburg 
is  the  superintendent.  This  is  one  of  the  strong  and  prosperous  churches  of 
the  county. 


SULLIVAN     TOWNSHIP.  5g3 


The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Maineslurg  was  organized  in  1841,  and 
incorporated  June  14,  1843,  the  first  trustees  being  Solon  Eichards,  John  Fox, 
Lyman  Eeynolds,  James  A.  Fellows,  Ebenezer  Burley,  Joshua  Smith  and  James 
Pitts.  As  early  as  1808,  Eev.  Joseph  Mitchell,  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister, 
while  on  a  visit  to  his  brother,  Ensign  Mitchell,  preached  at  his  home.  He  after- 
wards preached  at  the  log  school  house  near  Allen  Lane's,  known  as  the  Dewey 
school  house.  About  1810  Capt.  Thomas  Lewis,  an  exhorter  of  the  same  church, 
commenced  holding  meetings  in  the  Diven  school  house.  These  he  kept  up  for 
several  years.  His  efforts  were  followed  by  those  of  Eev.  Mr.  Warner,  who  or- 
ganized a  Methodist  Episcopal  class.  The  church  was  orgaoiized  in  1841,  after 
a  great  revival  conducted  by  Eevs.  Eobert  T.  Hancock  and  Charles  L.  Brovm. 
The  new  church  was  placed  in  the  Troy  charge,  remaining  until  1854,  and  was 
served  by  the  following  ministers:  J.  Dodge,  1843;  Charles  Wright,  1844;  M. 
Carlton,  1845;  Ira  Smith,  1846;  William  Hosmer,  1847;  ISTathan  Fellows,  1848; 
A.  C.  Huntley,  1849-50;  E.  Sweet,  1851;  M.  H.  ShurtlefE,  1852,  and  C.  Nash 
and  E.  S.  Eosa,  1853.  In  1854  Troy  circuit  was  divided  and  the  Mainesburg  ap- 
pointments also  included  the  State  Eoad,  Sylvania  and  Eutland  churches.  The 
pastors  of  the  Mainesburg  church  have  been  Eevs.  F.  Kent,  1854-55;  Daniel  Clark, 
1855-57;  John  Powell,  1857-58;  James  H.  Eoss,  1858-60;  P.  T.  Christian, 
1860-61;  E.  Colson,  1861-63;  E.  Mackwood,  1863-66;  C.  L.  F.  Howe,  1866-68; 
S.  G.  Ehinevault,  1868-71;  Isaac  Everitt,  1871-74;  D.  E.  Blaine,  1874-76;  Harvey 
Lamkin,  1876-79;  E.  E.  Morris,  1879-83;  J.  L.  King,  1883-85;  George  Fosbinder, 
1885-86;  T.  H.  King,  1886-88;  C.  M.  Adams,  1888-91;  F.  M.  Warner,  1891-93; 
H.  B.  Troxel,  1893-94;  H.  E.  Hineman,  1894-95;  H.  E.  Hyde,  1895-97.  In 
1843  a  neat  frame  building  was  erected  as  a  house  of  worship.  It  was  used  until 
1875,  when  the  present  church  was  built.  It  is  of  brick,  with  stained  glass  win- 
dows, slated  roof,  a  fine  tower  and  spire,  and  cost,  with  interior  furnishing,  $13,000. 
It  is  one  of  the  finest  churches  in  the  county. 

The  State  Road  Methodist  Episcopal  Class,  as  at  present  organized,  is  a  re- 
vival of  a  class  organized  about  fifty  yeajs  ago.  In  1860  the  membership  was 
as  follows:  Thomas  Eeynolds,  leader;  Mary  Eeynolds,  Anson  Palmer,  Mary 
Palmer,  Gardner  Hagar,  Lydia  E.  Hagar,  VanBuren  Eeynolds,  Celestia  Eeynolds, 
George  Fletcher,  John  D.  Eumsey,  Valvasa  A.  Eumsey,  Deborah  Eamsdale,  Ellen 
Smith,  Amanda  Welch,  Margaretta  Orvis,  Almeda  Welch,  Eosina  Smith,  Eiley 
Fletcher,  Alfred  Wheeler,  Adaline  WTieeler,  Isaac  W.  Smith,  Loreta  Smith,  Lyman 
Soper,  ISTancy  Soper,  Moses  Soper,  Ann  Soper,  Levi  M.  Eumsey,  Sophia  Eumsey, 
Almeda  Fletcher,  Louisa  Eumsey,  Eaton  Beardsley,  Louisa  Palmer,  Fanny  Smith, 
Eachel  Gafford,  Eliza  Orvis,  Lovisa  S.  Lewis,  Charity  Baldwin,  John  E.  Hart 
and  James  Lyon.  This  class  first  met  in  the  Eamsdale  school  house.  In  1861 
the  place  of  meeting  was  changed  to  the  Union  church,  then  recently  erected. 
After  maintaining  its  organization  for  a  number  of  years  the  class  went  down. 
It  has  been  recently  revived  and  is  now  in  a  flourishing  condition.  There  are 
twenty-five  members.  A  Union  Sunday-school,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
thirty-five  pupils,  is  maintained,  of  which  Lyman  Eeynolds  is  the  superintendent. 
This  class  is  a  branch  of  the  church  at  Mainesburg. 


564  HISTOKT     OF    TIOGA     COUNTY. 

The  Elh  Run  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  incorporated  February  2,  1864. 
This  churcli  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  Methodist  class,  organized  some  years  pre- 
vious at  Chandlerburg,  which  was  formally  organized  into  a  church  a  short  time 
before  the  iacorporation  of  the  society.  In  1861  the  class  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing named  members:  Lyman  Eeynolds,  C.  G.  Smith,  Sarah  Smith,  Amos  Mudge, 
Lucy  A.  Mudge,  Eachel  Styres,  Caroline  Squire,  Arad  Smith,  Margey  Smith, 
Alexander  C.  Smith,  M.  A.  Smith,  Dolly  Smith,  Hosea  Squire  and  Irene  Squire. 
In  the  summer  of  1864  a  neat  frame  house  of  worship,  costing  $1,;200,  was  erected. 
This  society  now  numbers  eighty  members.  There  are  sixty  pupils  and  teachers 
in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  B.  C.  Smith  is  the  superintendent.  This  church 
has  been  in  the  Mainesburg  charge  since  its  organization,  and  has  had  the  same 
pastors  as  the  church  in  Mainesburg. 

The  Church  of  Christ  of  Mainesburg  was  organized  in  January,  1876,  and 
incorporated  January  7,  1879.  The  names  of  the  original  members  are  as  fol- 
lows: James  E.  Brown,  Lucy  Brown,  Lovina  Love,  John  Harvey,  Clara  Harvey, 
Anna  Doyen,  Nellie  Doyen,  Loretta  A.  Ford,  Myrtle  Ford,  Flora  Love,  William 

E.  Dewey,  Alice  M.  StaufEer,  Ada  E.  Clarey,  Delia  Eeynolds,  Demon  Dewey,  Emaretta 
Eumsey,  Margaret  Lovell,  Phoebe  Ashley,  Sanford  Dewey  and  Lovena  H.  Dewey. 
Eev.  I.  E.  Spencer  was  the  first  pastor.  He  served  two  years.  The  names  of 
the  succeeding  pastors  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  M.  S.  Blair,  1879-80;  A.  D.  Finch, 
1880-81;    Cyrus  Hurlbut,  1883;    C.  Brown,  1883;    J.  M.   Calhoun,  1884-85;    E. 

F.  DeWitt,  1886;  Charles  McGennis,  1887;  M.  T.  Manus,  1889;  M.  C.  Frick, 
1890.  Since  1890  the  church  has  been  without  a  pastor,  and  regular  services 
have  not  been  maintained.  A  church  edifice,  costing  $2,100,  was  erected  in  1879. 
This  society  was,  at  one  time,  a  strong  and  vigorous  organization,  but  death,  re- 
movals and  withdrawals  have  greatly  reduced  its  membership. 

The  Central  Union  Church  or  Congregation  on  the  State  road  is  the  name 
of  a  corporation  chartered  February  17,  1860,  the  incorporators  being  Thomas 
Eeynolds,  Eleazer  Orvis,  B.  I.  Eew,  Eeuben  Nash  and  Eoswell  Webster.  In  1861 
it  erected  a  house  of  worship,  known  as  the  Union  church,  on  the  north  side  of 
the  State  road,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  This  house  has  been  used 
from  time  to  time  by  the  Methodists,  Christians,  Baptists  and  other  denomina- 
tions for  the  purpose  of  holding  religious  services.  It  is  now  the  meeting  place 
of  the  State  Eoad  Methodist  Episcopal  class.  Services  are  held  here  regularly 
by  the  pastor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Mainesburg. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  Doud  Burying  Ground,  on  the  Peleg  Doud  place,  was  one  of  the  earliest 
btirial  places  in  the  township.  Members  of  the  Doud  family  were  the  first  to 
be  interred  here. 

The  State  Road  Cemetery,  opposite  the  State  Eoad  Baptist  church,  embraces 
about  two  acres  of  ground,  and  is  inclosed  by  a  neat  iron  fence.  Interments  were 
begun  here  about  1830.  The  remains  of  early  settlers  of  the  eastern  and 
southern  portions  of  the  township  lie  buried  here.  A  number  of  bodies  were  re- 
moved from  early  family  burying  grounds  and  re-interred  here.  The  newer 
graves  are  marked  by  handsome  marble  and  granite  monuments. 


STTLLITAN     TOWNSHIP.  555 


Gray's  Valley  Cemetery,  near  the  old  East  Sullivan  Baptist  ehurcli  building, 
contains  the  graves  of  many  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town- 
ship.    It  is  neatly  fenced  and  well  eared  for. 

The  Mainesburg  Cemetery  is  situated  on  elevated  ground  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  borough.  This  cemetery  contains  about  two  acres  and  was  opened 
about  1863.  It  is  inclosed  with  a  good  fence  and  the  graves  are  well  cared  for. 
The  cemetery  has  a  number  of  very  handsome  marble  and  granite  monu- 
ments.    It  is  the  burial  place  for  the  borough  and  vicinity. 

SECRET    SOCIETIES. 

The  secret  societies  now  existing  in  Sullivan  township  and  Mainesburg  have 
large  memberships  and  are  prosperous.  The  Odd  Fellows  are  represented  by 
Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754,  which  was  organized  March  15,  1871.  It  meets  in 
Mainesburg  and  has  forty-two  members,  among  whom  are  many  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  the  borough  and  township.  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  84,  and  East  Sullivan 
Grange,  No.  831,  represent  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  The  former  was  organized 
in  February,  1873,  meets  in  Mainesburg,  and  has  a  large  membership.  The  latter 
was  organized  April  9,  1887.  It  meets  at  the  residence  of  Isaac  Squires,  near 
Gray's  Valley,  and  numbers  fifty-three  members.  Washington  Camp,  No.  637, 
P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  was  organized  March  4,  1893,  in  Mainesburg.  It  now  numbers 
seventy-eight  members  and  is  one  of  the  strongest  camps  in  the  county. 

BOEOTJGH     OF    MAINESBURG. 

The  borough  of  Mainesburg  is  situated  on  Corey  creek,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  township,  midway  between  its  southern  and  northern  boundaries.  It  was 
named  in  honor  of  John  Maine,  and  was  organized  as  a  borough  in  March,  1859. 
It  is  on  the  sta^e  route  between  Mansfield,  in  Eichmond  township,  and  Troy, 
Bradford  county.  Though  one  of  the  smaller  boroughs  of  the  county,  and  away 
from  the  railroad,  it  is  a  trading  point  of  considerable  importance,  being  in  the 
midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  section.  Its  schools,  its  churches  and  its  secret  and 
beneficiary  societies  are  well  attended  and  maintained,  and  its  people  keep  in 
touch  with  the  progress  of  the  day.  Its  manufacturing  and  business  interests 
have  been  somewhat  crippled  during  recent  years  by  fires,  and  by  the  disappear- 
ance of  timber  and  the  consequent  cessation  of  lumbering  operations.  The  town- 
ship aroimd  it,  now  being  a  purely  agricultural  one,  the  dependence  of  the  borough 
for  trade  is  confined  to  its  own  citizens  and  the  farmers  of  the  vicinity.  The 
early  settlement  of  the  borough  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  chapter,  as  is  also  an 
account  of  the  establishment  of  its  early  manufacturing  and  business  enterprises. 
The  Mainesburg  postofi&ce  was  established  between  1825  and  1830.  John  Maine, 
the  first  postmaster,  held  the  office  until  about  1845.  His  successors  have  been 
John  M.  Fox,  Baldwin  Parkhurst,  Homer  J.  Eipley,  James  Cudworth,  "W.  P. 
Eose,  M.  F.  Eose  and  J.  H.  DeWitt,  the  present  incumbent,  who  was  appointed 
in  July,  1895. 

Since  Mainesburg  was  organized  as  a  borough,  the  following  named  persons 
have  filled  the  office  of  burgess:  James  Fox,  1859;  Joseph  Ellis,  1860;  E.  K. 
Brundage,  1861;  A.  Peters,  1863,  1863;  John  A.  Ellis,  1864;  A.  Peters,  1865;  P. 


566  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COtTNTT. 

E.  KnifEen,  1866;  J.  B.  Strong,  1867;  J.  B.  Cudworth,  1868;  K  E.  Calkins,  1869; 
S.  S.  Eumsey,  1870;  L.  B.  Austin,  1871;  J.  B.  Strong  1872  and  1873;  E.  G. 
Shelton,  1874,  1875,  1876  and  1877;  T.  0.  Doud,  1879,  1880  and  1881;  J.  B. 
Cudworth,  1882;  J.  B.  Strong,  1883;  J.  N".  Hajvey,  1884;  Lloyd  Squires,  1885 
an(i  1886;  E.  H.  Doud,  1887;  C.  E.  Whiting,  1888;  Lloyd  Squires,  1889;  J.  W. 
DeWitt,  1890;  W.  L.  Welch,  1891  to  1893;  J.  Austin,  1894  to  1896,  and  H.  E. 
Bartlett,  elected  in  1897. 

The  Justices  of  the  peace  have  been*-  Isaac  S.  Eumsey,  1859;  E.  K.  Brundage, 
1863;  E.  A.  Fish,  1864;  0.  F.  Eiehaxds,  1866;  Augustus  Eedfield,  1868;  D.  E. 
Doud,  1869;  L.  M.  Eumsey,  1870;  A.  M.  Haight,  1875;  re-elected,  1881,  1886, 
1895;  J.  S.  Woodburn,  1880;  re-elected,  1885,  1890;  W.  A.  Eumsey,  1891;  E. 
E.  Maine,  1896. 

TILLAGES    AND    POSTOI'I'ICES. 

Sullivan  Postoffice  was  established  in  1822.  Henry  Eew,  the  first  postmaster, 
held  the  office  until  1828.  His  successor,  James  B.  Dewey,  served  over  twenty 
years,  and  his  successor,  Uriah  B.  Welch,  ten  years.  C.  W.  Palmer,  the  present 
postmaster,  was  appointed  April  9,  1863.  Each  postmaster  has  transacted  the 
business  of  the  office  at  his  residence.  The  office  is  situated  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  township. 

Gray's  Valley  Postoffice  was  established  over  sixty  years  ago.  John  Gray,  the 
first  postmaster,  served  a  number  of  years  and  was  succeeded  by  Marcus  Strange, 
who  died  in  1852.  His  successor,  James  Gray,  held  the  office  until  his  death  in 
1860,  when  Mrs.  Hannah  Strange,  widow  of  Marcus  Strange,  was  appointed.  Her 
son,  Joseph  Strange,  succeeded  her,  and  served  until  1883,  when  the  office  was 
discontinued. 

HlJc  Run  Postoffice  was  established  about  1854.  The  first  postmaster  was 
ISTorthrop  Smith.  His  successors  have  been  Cyrus  Davenport,  C.  A.  Smith  and 
S.  L.  Wood,  the  present  incumbent,  who  was  appointed  October  1,  1888.  Mr. 
Wood  also  carries  on  a  general  store. 


CHAPTER  XL VIII. 

EICHMOND  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Physical  Characteristics— Streams— Mineeal  Deposits— Pion- 
eer Settlers— Pioneer  Enterprises— Schools  and  Justices— Chitrches- 
Cemeteries— Villages. 


RICHMOND  township,  originally  a  part  of  Covington  township,  was  organized 
in  February,  1824.  It  is  eight  and  one-half  miles  from  east  to  west,  six  and 
one-half  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  contains  about  fifty-five  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  broken,  the  elevation  varying  from  a  mean  of  1,150  feet  in  the  river 
valley,  to  1,600  and  1,800  feet  in  the  mountainous  region,  north  and  west  of 
Lamb's  creek.  With  the  exception  of  this  limited  area,  the  land  of  the  town- 
ship— valley,  hillside  and  upland — is  tillable  and  fertile.  Eiehmond,  there- 
fore, ranks  as  one  of  the  populous,  productive  and  prosperous  townships  of  the 
county.  In  1840  it  contained  742  inhabitants;  in  1870,  1,558;  in  1880,  1,512, 
and  in  1890,  1,640. 

Before  the  land  was  cleared  and  settled  it  was  covered  with  a  heavy  forest 
growth  of  pine,  hemlock,  beech,  maple,  birch,  oak,  etc.,  nearly  all  of  which  has  dis- 
appeared. The.township  is  well  watered.  The  Tioga  river  enters  it  from  the  south, 
about  a  mile  east  of  the  center  of  the  southern  boundary  line,  fiows  northeast  to 
Canoe  Camp,  where  it  turns  and  takes  a  northwesterly  direction  to  the  northern 
boundary  line,  which  it  crosses  about  a  mile  west  of  the  center.  Its  course  through 
the  township  is  marked  by  a  gradually  narrowing  valley,  which  becomes  a  mere  gap 
in  the  mountains  where  it  passes  into  Tioga  township.  It  and  its  tributaries  drain 
the  entire  surface  of  the  township.  On  the  east  it  receives  Canoe  Camp  creek, 
flowing  northwest  from  Covington  township,  and  Corey  creek,  flowing  northwest 
from  Sullivan  township.  On  the  west  it  receives  Lamb's  creek,  which,  with  its 
tributaries,  drains  the  northwestern  quarter  of  the  township.  The  northeastern 
part  of  the  township  is  drained  by  Mill  creek,  which  flows  northwest  into  Tioga 
township,  and  the  southwestern  part  by  Elk  run,  which  flows  southeast  into  Cov- 
ington township. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  this  township  consists  of  iron  ore,  plastic  clays  and 
building  stone.  The  Mansfleld  ore  bed,  which  supplied  the  furnace  at  Mansfield 
for  many  years,  is  situated  three  miles  southwest  of  the  borough,  on  the  Wellsboro 
road.  It  is  from  three  to  four  feet  in  thickness,  contains  about  thirty-nine  per 
cent,  of  iron,  and  is  known  as  the  first  or  upper  bed.  What  is  thought  to  be  the 
same  bed,  shows  itself  two  or  three  miles  north,  along  Lamb's  creek,  and  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Tioga  river,  southeast  of  Lamb's  creek,  also  further  east  on  "Pickel 
Hill."  Deposits  belonging  to  the  second  bed — 200  to  400  feet  lower — ^have  been 
found  one-half  mile  east  of  the  0.  A.  Benedict  place,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
township;  on  "Whipple  Hill,"  southwest  of  Mansfield;  on  Mann  creek,  below  Mans- 


-„o  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

obo  * 


field-  on  the  lands  of  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Morris  and  Albert  Sherwood  west  of  the 
loXZ  on  J.  C.  Howe's  and  J.  B.  Clark's  Ws,  and  on  "Bixby  Hill."  A  third 
bed  100  to  200  feet  lower  than  the  second,  crops  out  in  the  river  near  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  borough  limits.  Ore  from  other  deposits  has  been  nsed  in  the  mann- 
fa^tnre  ol  pig  iron  and  mineral  paint.  None  of  these  ore  beds  is  being  developed  at 
present.  Plastic  clays,  of  fine  texture,  axe  to  be  f onnd  along  the  Tioga  river  ^d 
fts  tributaries.  Good  building  stone  is  also  found  m  various  paxts  of  the  township 
There  are  those  who  believe  that  Eichmond  lies  within  the  oil  and  gas  belt.  The 
only  thing,  however,  that  has  been  done  to  develop  either,  is  limi  ed  to  an  oil  well 
sunk  several  years  ago  at  Canoe  Camp.  Gas  was  struck  and  a  little  oi  found  at  a 
depth  of  about  2,000  feet.  The  well  was,  however,  abandoned  and  plugged,  just 
when  interesting  developments  were  promised. 

PIONEEK   SBTTLEKS. 

The  first  settler  in  Eichmond  township  was  a  man  named  Carter,  who^  about 
the  year  1794,  or  soon  after  the  opening  of  the  Williamson  road,  located  on  what 
is  now  known  as  the  Lannigan  place,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Tioga  nver,  about 
half  a  mile  below  Lamb's  Creek.     Here  he  built  two  log  houses  and  cleared 
about  eight  or  ten  acres  of  land.     In  the  fall  of  1796,  or  spring  of  1797,  he  sold  out 
CO  a  man  named  White,  and  removed  to  Canaseraga  Creek,  in  western  New  York. 
Neither  Carter  nor  White  appear  to  have  acquired  any  title,  beyond  that  of  occu- 
pation, to  the  land,  the  first  purchaser  receiving  a  deed  and  becoming  a  perma- 
nent settler,  being  Gad  Lamb,  who  came  into  the  township  in  the  summer  of  1797. 
In  the  mortgage  given  by  him  January  2,  1808,  to  secure  the  unpaid  portion  of 
the  purchase  money,  the  tract  is  described  as  part  of  Survey  No.  317,  and  is  desig- 
nated as  "Oakland."    Lamb  and  his  family  left  their  native  town  of  Wilbraham, 
Massachusetts,  in  the  spring  of  1797.     At  Towanda,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  son, 
Ebenezer  Eipley  Lamb,  was  born,  May  27,  1797,  Mr.  Lamb  left  his  family  and 
accompanied  by  his  son,  Daniel,  then  seventeen  years  old,  came  to  Tioga  county. 
They  first  visited  Canoe  Camp,  where  they  planted  the  old  Williamson  encamp- 
ment clearing  in  com  and  potatoes,  but  did  not  purchase  the  land.     Continuing 
down  the  river,  they  came  to  the  Carter  place,  which,  as  already  stated,  Mr.  Lamb 
bought.     He  next  returned  to  Towanda  for  his  family,  leaving  Daniel  in  charge  of 
the  place.     The  lad  remained  there  alone  for  two  weeks,  with  no  neighbors  nearer 
than  the  Nathan  Niles  family  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek.     The  settlement  of 
Benjamin  Corey,  who  came  earlier  than  Lamb,  is  noted  in  the  chapter  devoted  to 
Mansfield  borough.     The  next  settler  was  Josiah  Hovey,  whose  name  appears  in 
the  assessment  list  of  1800  as  an  innkeeper — the  first  in  the  township.     He  came  in 
1798  or  1799,  and  located  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Sumner  Wilson  place,  on  the 
Williamson  road,  near  the  southern  line  of  the  township.     The  names  of  his  sons, 
Simeon  and  Gurdon  Hovey,  appear  on  the  assessment  list  as  carpenters.     Simeon, 
at  a  later  date,  settled  on  what  was  known  afterwards  as  the  Henry  Searle  place. 

About  1799  or  1800  Peres  Bardwell,  whose  name  appears  on  the  census  list  for 
1800,  located  on  the  place  afterwards  owned  by  Asa  Mann;  an  Englishman, 
named  Burton,  settled  near  Lamb's  Creek,  on  the  place  occupied  later  by  Joshua 


KICHMOND    TOWNSHIP.  569 


Sha-w;  Amasa  Culver,  Nathan  Eowley  and  Samuel  Negley  settled  at  Canoe  Camp; 
David  Miller  and  Cheney  Ames,  a  mile  south  of  Mansfield,  and  ISTathan  Hill  and 
Peter  Button,  ahove  Canoe  Camp,  near  the  Hoveys.  Edward  Gobin,  who  settled 
within  the  Mansfield  limits,  is  referred  to  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  that  borough. 
Elihu  Marvin  came  in  1803  and  built  a  saw-mill— the  first  one  in  the  township— one 
mile  south  of  Mansfield.  In  1804  Asa  Mann,  the  founder  of  Mansfield,  came  here 
from  Ehode  Island,  and  settled  one  mile  below  the  borough,  on  what  was  after- 
wards known  as  the  James  E.  "Wilson  place.  Here  he  kept  hotel  and  a  small 
stock  of  merchandise  in  a  log  house,  replaced  in  1818  by  a  large  frame  dwelling 
which  is  still  standing  and  is  used  as  a  residence  by  B.  H.  Osgood,  the  occupant  of 
the  farm.  It  is  the  oldest  house  in  the  township.  Eeferenee  is  made  to  Asa 
Mann  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  Mansfield,  and  also  to  John,  Peter  and  Jacob 
Kelts,  who  came  about  1804. 

In  the  year  1806  Elijah  Clark,  his  brothers,  John  and  Loren,  and  his  sister, 
Philena  came  from  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  and  Elijah  settled  on  the  place  now 
owned  by  Albert  Sherwood,  west  of  the  borough.  His  brothers  and  sister  made 
their  home  with  him  until  the  arrival  of  the  rest  of  the  family  in  1814.  Amos 
Spencer,  a  native  of  UnadiUa,  New  York,  settled  at  Canoe  Caonp  m  1806  built  a 
grist-mill  in  1807  and  a  saw-miU  a  few  years  later.  Ebenezer  Burley,  who  came 
L  1808,  is  referred  to  in  the  Mansfield  borough  chapter.  Joshua  Shaw  came  from 
Plainfield,  Massachusetts,  in  1810,  and  the  foUowing  year  settled  at  Lambs 
Creek  Aaron  GUlet,  who  first  settled  at  Mill  Creek,  Tioga  township,  m  1^9J>  and 
afterwards  removed  to  Cherry  Flats,  again  removed  in  1811,  settling  on  the  Vedder 
place  above  Canoe  Camp.  During  the  AVar  of  1812  he  caxried  the  mail  on  horse- 
back between  Tioga  and  WiUiamsport.  He  rode  at  full  speed,  fresh  horses  being 
provided  at  each  station.  In  1813  Cephas  Stratton  came  from  Bradford  county 
and  settled  between  Mansfield  and  Canoe  Camp.  In  1814  Seth  and  Eleanor  Clark, 
parents  of  Elijah,  John,  Loren  and  Philena  Clark,  heretofore  mentioned,  came 
from  Vermont  with  their  son,  Justus  Burr  Clark,  and  settled  below  Mans- 
field. In  1821  Justus  Burr  Clark  married  Catherine  Hart.  As  a  part  of  his 
house-keeping  outfit,  he  bought  an  iron  tea-kettle  of  William  Willard  in  Tioga, 
giving  therefor  three  bushels  of  wheat;  also  a  hand  saw  and  some  shingle  nails, 
paying  three  dollars  for  the  former  and  thirty  cents  a  pound  for  the  latter.  In 
1814,  also,  there  were  living  at  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Canoe  Camp,  beside  those 
mentioned,  Daniel  Williams,  a  clothier,  David  and  Eichard  Miller  and  Daniel  Eose. 

The  first  minister  of  the  Gospel  to  settle  in  the  township  was  Eev.  Nehemiah 
Hobart  Eipley,  father  of  the  late  Philip  S.  Eipley,  and  grandfather  of  Capt.  Homer  J. 
Eipley,  recently  county  recorder.  He  came  from  Albany,  New  York,  in  1815, 
and  settled  on  Corey  creek,  on  the  place  now  owned  by  William  B.  Jerald.  Mr. 
Eipley  was  ordained  an  Old  School  Baptist  minister,  but  afterwards  embraced  the 
Universalist  faith  and  became  a  minister  of  that  denomination.  John  and  Abner 
Cochran  came  from  Cambridge,  Vermont,  in  1816,  and  settled  at  Lamb's  Creek. 
Maj.  Ebenezer  Eipley  came  from  Cooperstown,  New  York,  in  February,  1817,  and 
also  settled  at  Lamb's  Creek.  His  son,  William  C.  Eipley,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
teachers  of  Mansfield.  Isaac  Lownsbery,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  settled 
at  Canoe  Camp  in  1818,  where  his  son,  Isaac,  born  February  9,  1811,  still  resides. 


570  HISTOEY     OF    TIOGA     COUNTY. 


Peter  Whitteker,  a  son-in-law  of  Isaac  Lownsbery,  came  with  him  from  Schoharie, 
New  York.  He  first  settled  at  Canoe  Camp,  but  afterwards  moved  up  Canoe  Camp 
creek  to  the  place  now  owned  by  his  son,  Barney  Whitteker.  Lieut.  Jacob  Allen, 
grandfather  of  the  late  Prof.  Fordyce  A.  Allen,  came  from  Cummington,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1818,  and  settled  on  the  place  previously  owned  by  Elijah  Clark, 
and  now  owned  by  Albert  Shei-wood.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Eevolution- 
ary  War,  and  aide-de-camp  to  his  father,  who  was  killed  in  the  early  part  of  that 
struggle.  Before  settling  here  Lieutenant  Allen  peddled  woolen  goods,  etc., 
through  this  section.  In  1818,  also,  Sumner  Wilson,  who  came  from  Massa- 
chusetts, settled  on  the  place  previously  occupied  by  Josiah  Hovey,  near  the  Cov- 
ington township  line,  still  known  as  the  Sumner  Wilson  place. 

In  1820  Thomas  Dyer  settled  on  the  Vedder  place,  above  Canoe  Camp,  and  Rob- 
ert Searle  on  the  adjoining  farm  north.  John  and  Martin  Kelley  came  here  in  1837 
and  Marcus  Kelley  in  1829,  and  settled  at  what  is  known  as  Kelleytown,  between 
Mansfield  and  Lamb's  Creek.  Here  John  ran  a  cabinet-maker  shop,  saw-mill  and 
store  for  a  number  of  years.  Daniel  Sherwood,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  from 
Cortland  county,  New  York,  in  1830,  and  built  a  saw-mill  about  a  half  a  mile  below 
Lamb's  Creek  bridge.  He  and  his  sons  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  until  1839, 
when  they  removed  to  Mansfield.  Andrew  Sherwood,  of  Mansfield,  a  grandson  of 
Daniel  Sherwood,  is  well  known  as  a  geologist,  and  has  been  prominently  connected 
with  the  geological  surveys  of  Pennsylvania,  New  York  and  Ohio.  David  Dorsett 
came  from  Peekskill,  New  York,  in  June,  1830,  and  settled  on  Lamb's  creek. 

Michael  Fralic  came  irom  Marathon,  New  York,  and  settled  at  Lamb's  Creek  in 
1831.  His  sons,  Daniel  and  Henry  Fralic,  are  well-known  lumbermen.  Lewis 
Cruttenden,  Tobias  and  Philip  Lent,  who  settled  on  Lamb's  creek,  and  Thomas 
Jerald,  who  settled  on  Corey  creek,  also  came  in  1831.  Rev.  Asa  Donaldson,  who 
held  the  first  stated  service  and  organized  the  first  church  in  Mansfield,  came  to 
Tioga  county  in  1832,  and  lived  on  the  Albert  Sherwood  place  until  1837,  when  he 
moved  to  Illinois.  Oliver  Elliott,  afterwards  a  business  man  of  Mansfield,  came 
into  the  township  in  1835.  About  1834-35  Marcus  Benedict  settled  on  the  Wellsboro 
road,  near  the  western  line  of  the  township.  Joseph  Walker  and  R.  P.  Buttles  came 
in  1839;  Levi  Cooper,  in  1841;  Vine  D.  Patchen  and  his  son,  Robert  M.,  and 
Robert  H.  Pratt  and  his  son,  Edwin,  in  1843;  George  Slingerland,  in  1844; 
Joseph  Whipple,  in  1845;  James  M.  Ramsdell,  in  1846;  John  Drew,  in  1847;  James 
Hoard,  John  Voorhees,  William  Powers  and  John  Kiley  in  1849. 

The  foregoing  names  are  those  of  the  more  prominent  settlers  of  the  township 
to  the  close  of  the  first  half  of  the  present  century.  They  endured  the  dangers, 
hardships  and  privations  of  pioneer  life.  The  farms  they  cleared,  after  years  of 
patient  toil,  are  now  possessed  by  their  descendants,  who  have  replaced  the  rude 
log  cabin,  the  log  church  and  the  log  school  house  with  homes,  schools  and 
churches,  that  bear  eloquent  witness  to  the  thrift,  industry,  intelligence  and  mor- 
ality of  the  people  of  the  township. 


PIONEEE   ENTEBPEISES. 


The  manufacturing  enterprises  of  the  township  have  been  confined  almost  ex- 
clusively to  saw-mills  and  grist-mills.     The  first  saw-mill  was  built  in  1803,  one 


BIOHMON.D    TOWNSHIP.  57  ^ 


mile  south  of  Mansfield,  by  Elihu  Marvin;  the  second,  in  which  Elijah  Clark  after- 
wards had  an  interest,  was  built  about  1810  or  1811,  on  Corey  creek,  by  John  and 
Peter  Kelts;  the  third,  in  1812,  at  Lamb's  Creek,  by  Gad  Lamb  and  his  sons,  and 
the  fourth  a  little  later  by  Amos  Spencer  at  Canoe  Camp.  As  the  township  was 
settled  up,  the  number  of  mills  increased  until  lumbering  became  and  remained 
an  important  industry,  so  long  as  the  timber  supply  lasted.  As  lumber  grew 
scarcer,  the  mills  shut  down,  until  all  but  two,  the  Spencer  mill  at  Canoe  Camp, 
and  the  Fralic  mill   at  Lamb's  Creek,  have  passed  out  of  existence. 

In  1805  Elihu  Marvin  purchased  from  Dorman  Bloss,  at  Nelson,  a  grist-mill 
to  turn  by  hand.  This  he  hauled  on  an  ox  sled  and  placed  under  his  saw-mill, 
south  of  Mansfield.  It  would  grind  five  or  six  bushels  a  day.  Mr.  Marvin  then 
set  about  getting  out  a  frame  for  a  better  mill,  but  died  before  he  could  erect  it. 
His  widow  sold  this  frame  to  Amos  Spencer,  who,  in  1807,  used  it  in  erecting  a 
grist-mill  at  Canoe  Camp,  on  one  of  the  best  water  powers  in  the  county.  This 
mill  was  afterwards  replaced  by  a  better  one,  and  in  1857  a  still  larger  mill  was 
built."  This,  with  the  adjoining  saw-mill,  was  destroyed  by  fire  May  30,  1879.  The 
present  grist-mill  and  saw-mill,  both  run  by  water  power,  were  built  in  1883,  by 
A.  M.  Spencer,  a  grandson  of  Amos  Spencer,  the  pioneer.  In  1855  Amos  Bixby 
built  a  paint-mill  on  the  site  of  the  old  Marvin  saw-mill,  which  he  operated  for  a 
number  of  years. 

SCHOOLS  AKD  JUSTICES. 

The  first  school  in  the  township  was  taught  in  1814,  at  Canoe  Camp,  by  Miss 
Sally  Elliott,  a  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Elliott.  She  afterwards  married  Daniel 
Eose.  Among  her  pupils  was  Martin  Stratton,  bom  in  1807,  and  now  a  resident 
of  Blossburg.  She  was  followed  by  Daniel  Rose,  Gardiner  Seaman,  Asa  Howe, 
Dr.  Pliny  Power  and  his  sister,  Lucy,  Erastus  P.  Deane  and  Charlotte  Harkness, 
now  the  wife  of  Col.  N.  A.  Elliott,  of  Mansfield.  She  taught  about  1835.  A 
school  house  was  built  about  1835.  In  1818  Miranda  Allen,  a  daughter  of  Lieut. 
Jacob  Allen,  opened  a  school  in  a  building  erected  and  used  as  a  dwelling  by  Prank 
Truman,  a  short  distance  south  of  Kelleytown.  In  1835  a  school  house  was  built 
at  Lamb's  Creek.  Among  the  early  teachers  in  these  schools  were  Abigail  Bick- 
ford,  Lucretia  Atherton,  D.  P.  Hotehkiss,  Warren  VanValen,  Elliott  S.  Eose, 
Erastus  Herrington,  Fidelia  King  and  W.  E.  Lamb.  As  the  township  settled  up, 
neighborhood  schools  were  started,  and  later  public  school  districts  created,  until 
there  are  now  within  the  township  limits  sixteen  public  school  buildings.  In  1895 
the  revenue  derived  from  state  and  county  taxation,  set  apart  for  school  purposes, 
■was  $4,004.10. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  peace  for  Richmond  township  was  Almon  Allen,  who 
was  commissioned  January  19,  1837.  The  office  has  since  been  filled  as  follows: 
Thomas  Dyer,  1837;  David  Hazzard,  1830;  Daniel  N.  Hunt,  1833;  Solon  Richards, 
1835;  Isaac  Drake,  1838;  Porter  Gaylord,  1840;  Leander  K.  Spencer,  1840;  re- 
elected, 1845,  1858;  William  C.  Ripley,  1843;  re-elected,  1859,  1864,  1873,  1877; 
Simeon  P.  Utter,  1847  ;  re-elected,  1853;  Apollos  Pitts,  1848;  re-elected,  1853; 
Daniel  L.  Sherwood,  1854;  John  C.  Howe,  1864;  Lorin   Butts,  1869;  James  E. 


572  HISTOET     OF    TIOGA     COUNTY. 

Wilson,  1869;  H.  E.  Husted,1874;  Alonzo  M.  Spencer,  1878;  M.  E.  Goodall,  1881; 
re-elected,  1886, 1891  and  1896;  J.  P.  Eipley,  1882;  Curtis  P.  Puller,  1887;  George 
E.  Puller,  1893;  re-elected,  1897. 

CHUKCHES. 

In  the  earlier  years  of  the  township's  history,  before  any  attempt  was  made  to 
organize  a  church,  the  settlers  depended  for  religious  services  upon  itinerant 
evangelists,  members  generally  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  or  the  "Old  School"  Bap- 
tist denominations.  Whenever  one  of  these  put  in  an  appearance  the  settlers 
would  flock  to  hear  him,  the  meetings  being  held  in  the  open  air  or  in  the  dwelling 
or  bam  of  one  of  the  settlers.  The  earliest  meetings  of  this  kind  in  Eichmond 
township  were  held  sometimes  in  the  open  air  and  sometimes  in  the  barn,  on  the 
premises  of  Gad  Lamb,  the  pioneer  settler  at  Lamb's  Creek.  Here  the  pioneers 
listened  to  the  earnest  and,  oftentimes,  fiery  eloquence  of  Kimball,  Beers,  Solon 
Stocking — ^who  preached  Mr.  Lamb's  funeral  sermon  ia  April,  1834 — Sheaxdown, 
Cranmer,  Eogers,  Andrew  Pickard — who  married  Maria  Lamb,  and  who  died  in 
Colorado  in  June,  1894,  aged  ninety-four  years — and  other  ministers  of  the  de- 
nominations named.  In  1836  Jerusha  Lamb,  Gad  Lamb's  widow,  organized  the 
first  Sunday-school  in  the  township  at  her  home.  The  meetings  on  the  Lamb 
place  continued  until  the  building  of  the  school  house  in  1835,  after  which  they 
were  held  there,  although  no  regular  church  appears  to  have  been  organized. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Lamb's  Creek  was  organized  ia 
February,  1883,  with  the  following  members:  D.  L.  Pralic,  C.  P.  Puller,  J.  L. 
Moore,  Jackson  Smith,  H.  P.  Van  Xess,  L.  A.  Brewster  and  ,W.  B.  Eipley.  A 
church  building,  costing  $1,600,  was  dedicated  April  39,  1884.  The  church  was  in 
the  Tioga  charge  until  1884,  since  which  time  it  has  been  in  the  Covington  charge, 
the  same  pastors  serving  both  churches.  The  names  of  the  pastors  from  the 
organization  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  J.  W.  Gamble,  1883;  J.  D.  Eequa,  1883-84;  P. 
H.  Van  Keuren,  1884-87;  W.  M.  Dubois,  1887-88;  F.  H.  Eowley,  1890-91;  D.  L. 
Pitts,  1891-94;  Cornelius  Dillenbeek,  1894-95;  W.  B.  Armington^  1895-97. 

The  First  Church  of  Christ  of  Canoe  Camp,  incorporated  April  4,  1884,  was  or- 
ganized as  the  "First  Christian  Church  of  Canoe  Camp,"  September  34,  1849,  by 
Eev.  Theobold  MiUer,  its  first  pastor.  The  names  of  the  original  members 
are  as  follows:  Leander  K.,  Amos,  Valorus  0.,  Alonzo  M.  and  I.  E.  Spencer, 
Thomas,  William,  John  and  G.  W.  Goodall,  John  Churchill,  J.  C.  Ireton,  W.  W. 
Eussell,  A.  A.  ISToble,  Sophia,  Sarah,  Jane,  Mary  A.  and  Martha  Spencer,  Susan 
and  Ziba  Gillet,  Sophia  M.  and  Anna  M.  Goodall,  Cynthia  Lownsbery,  Jane 
Churchill,  Louisa,  Jane  E.  and  Eachel  Noble,  Lois  M.  Cleveland  and  Lavina  A. 
Cass.  Eev.  I.  E.  Spencer  served  this  church  as  pastor  for  twenty  years.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Eev.  G.  W.  Headley,  who  remained  until  1884,  since  which  time  the 
church  has  been  served  by  Eevs.  J.  0.  Cutts,  1884-87;  M.  S.  Blain,  1891;  TJ.  A. 
White,  1891-96,  and  Leon  J.  Eeynolds,  the  present  pastor.  A  store  building, 
previously  purchased,  was  dedicated  as  a  church  May  19,  1851,  and  was  used  until 
1880,  when  the  present  building,  representing  an  outlay  of  $3,000,  was  erected. 
This  church  now  numbers  130  members.  There  are  about  fifty  pupils  in  the 
Sunday-school,  of  which  M.  E.  Goodall  is  the  superintendent. 


EICIIMOND    TOWNSHIP.  573 


CEMETERIES. 

The  early  settlers  buried  their  dead  near  their  homes,  where  they  could  watch 
over  and  care  for  the  graves.  It  was  in  this  way  that  the  private  graveyards,  to  be 
found  in  almost  every  section  of  the  township,  were  established.  In  them  reposed 
the  remains  of  the  early  pioneers,  until  the  removal  of  the  bodies  to  Mansfield  and 
other  cemeteries.  In  a  few  instances,  however,  the  old  graves  have  remained  un- 
disturbed. Among  the  oldest  of  these  early  graveyards  is  the  one  at  Lamb's  Creek, 
containing  the  remains  of  members  of  the  Lamb,  Eipley,  Shaw  and  other  pioneer  fam- 
ilies; the  Eipley  burying  ground  on  the  old  Philip  S.  Eipley  place — given  by  the  will 
of  Philip  S.  Eipley  to  Eichmond  township,  and  the  graveyard  on  Lamb's  creek,  near 
the  place  of  W.  B.  Eipley.  In  the  cemetery  at  Canoe  Camp  are  found  the  graves  of 
members  of  the  Spencer,  Cass,  Lownsbery,  Gillet,  Eowley  and  Stratton  families. 
The  oldest  gravestone  in  this  cemetery  marks  the  grave  of  Francis  Upton  Spen- 
cer, who  died  in  1813,  and  who,  it  is  said,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813.  The 
tombstones  over  the  graves  of  Nathan  and  Anna  Eowley,  contains  the  following  in- 
scription: "They  were  the  first  settlers  in  Larabee's  Point  in  Shoreham,  Vermont, 
at  the  close  of  the  Eevolutionary  War."  A  cemetery  in  the  Whitteker  neighborhood, 
near  the  Covington  township  line,  contains  the  graves  of  members  of  the  Whitteker^ 
Jaquish,  Phelps,  Woodward  and  other  families.  A  cemetery  on  the  old  Wells- 
boro  and  Mansfield  post  road,  near  the  Charleston  township  line,  contains  the 
graves  of  members  of  the  Benedict  and  other  families,  early  settlers  in  the  western 
part  of  Eichmond  and  eastern  part  of  Charleston  townships. 

TILLAGES. 

Lamb's  Creek  is  situated  near  the  northern  line  of  the  township,  where  the 
stream  of  the  same  name  enters  into  the  Tioga  river.  Both  stream  and  village 
were  named  for  Gad  Lamb,  the  pioneer,  the  date  of  whose  settlement,  as  well  as 
that  of  other  pioneers,  is  given  in  a  preceding  portion  of  this  chapter.  In  1813 
Mr.  Lamb  and  his  sons  built  a  saw-mill,  the  third  in  the  township,  on  the  east  bank 
of  the  river  just  below  the  present  bridge.  This  mill,  owned  at  the  time  by 
Hoard  &  Beach,  was  purchased  about  1858  by  Michael  Fralic.  In  1869  a  flood  took 
the  dam  away.  In  1870  Mr.  Pralic's  sons,  Daniel  L.  and  M.  H.,  who  succeeded  him  m 
1866,  and  who  compose  the  present  firm  of  Fralic  Brothers,  built  a  new  mill  on  the 
opposite  bank  of  the  river,  which  is  run  by  steam,  and  has  a  capacity  of  10,000  feet  of 
lumber  a  day.  A  school  house  was  built  in  1835,  replaced  after  the  late  war  by  the 
present  building.  A  grocery  store  was  started  in  1854,  by  P.  Davis,  and  a  post- 
office  established  in  1867,  E.  E.  Haight  being  the  first  postmaster.  His  successors 
have  been  Linus  Thayer,  D.  Porter  Shaw  and  D.  L.  Fralic,  the  present  incumbent, 
the  office  being  in  charge  of  his  assistant,  Mrs.  Jennie  Day,  who  also  runs  a  general 
store  in  connection  therewith.  The  only  other  store  in  the  place  is  that  of  Francis 
Flower,  born  in  1811,  and  one  of  the  oldest  men  engaged  in  active  business  in  the 
county.  D.  B.  Lamb  has  been  the  station  ticket  agent  since  the  railroad  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  "Erie."  His  sister,  Maria  Lamb,  bom  in  1818,  has,  for  over 
twenty  years,  carried  the  mail  to  and  from  the  trains,  with  unvarying  promptness, 
and  in  all  kinds  of  weather. 

Canoe  Camp  is  situated  two  miles  south  of  the  railway  station  in  Mansfield,  at 


574  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

the  confluence  of  Canoe  Camp  creek  and  the  Tioga  river.  It  marks  the  point  to 
which  the  WilHamson  road  was  completed  in  1792,  and  its  name  is  said  to  owe  its 
origin  to  the  fact  that  on  the  approach  of  winter  the  force  engaged  in  road  build- 
ing embarked  in  canoes  and  floated  down  the  river  to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  As 
already  related.  Gad  Lamb  and  his  son,  Daniel,  stopped  here,  in  1797,  long  enough  to 
plant  the  camp  clearing  in  com  and  potatoes,  but  did  not  purchase  the  land.  The 
first  actual  settler  was  Amos  Spencer,  who  located  in  1806,  and  by  deed  bearing  date 
March  1,  1809,  became  possessed  of  the  land  on  which  the  village  of  Canoe  Camp 
stands.  The  previous  owners  were  Thomas  Barber  and  Oliver  Jennings.  Here 
Mr.  Spencer  built  a  grist  and  saw-mill  at  the  ripples  on  the  river.  These  mills, 
replaced  by  larger  and  more  modem  ones,  are  owned  and  operated  by  his  grand- 
son, A.  M.  Spencer.  A  postoffice  was  established  in  1831  and  Amos  Spencer  became 
the  first  postmaster.  A  few  years  later  the  postofiice  was  removed  to  Mansfield. 
It  was  re-established  in  April,  1868,  with  T.  J.  Jeliil  as  postmaster.  His  successors 
have  been  M.  A.  Cass,  P.  M.  Gillet  and  A.  D.  Gillet,  the  present  incumbent,  who  was 
appointed  February  13,  1890.  A  hotel  was  carried  on  in  the  village  for  a  number 
of  years,  the  first  landlord  being  L.  K.  Spencer.  Among  his  successors  were  Ed- 
ward Gordon  and  John  C.  Bennett.  Before  the  building  of  the  railroad  Alexander 
Hall  used  to  carry  the  mail  over  the  Williamson  road  to  and  from  Williamsport. 
One  of  the  earliest  schools  in  the  township  was  taught  here  in  1814  and  1815  by 
Miss  Sallie  Elliott.  A  school  has  been  maintained  here  ever  since.  The  Church  of 
Christ,  the  only  "Disciple"  or  "Christian"  church  in  the  township,  was  organized 
here,  September  24,  1849,  by  Eev.  Theobold  Miller.  The  manufacturing  enter- 
prises of  the  place  are  confined  to  the  Spencer  mills,  already  referred  to,  and  to  the 
Canoe  Camp  Full  Cream  Cheese  Factory,  established  in  May,  1895,  by  F.  E.  Zim- 
mer,  who  also  operates  a  similar  factory  at  East  Charleston.  The  Canoe 
Camp  factory  uses  the  milk  of  300  cows  daily,  and  produces  from  700  to  800  pounds 
of  cheese  per  day.  It  is  in  charge  of  J.  H.  Mosher.  The  plant  cost  $2,000. 
There  are  two  general  stores  in  the  place,  one  carried  on  by  A.  W.  Gillet,  and  the 
other  by  A.  D.  Gillet,  who  is  also  the  station  agent  and  postmaster.  His  store 
is  in  the  depot  building.  The  oldest  living  resident  of  the  place  is  Isaac  Lowns- 
bery,  born  in  1811,  who  has  lived  there  since  1818.  The  bam  on  his  place  was 
built  in  1827. 

Mardin  is  the  name  of  a  postofiice  in  the  western  part  of  the  township,  on 
the  "Old  Post  Eoad."  It  was  established  in  1879.  0.  M.  Patchen,  the  first  post- 
master, held  the  office  until  June  21,  1883,  when  H.  N.  Spear,  the  present  in- 
cumbent, was  appointed. 


CHAPTEE  XLIX. 

MANSFIELD  BOROUGH. 

Location  and  Surroundings— Eaely  Settlers  and  Enterprises— Borough  Or- 
ganization AND  Officials— Fire  Department- Postmasters,  Physicians  and 
Lawyers— Hotels— Public  Schools— Mansfield  Classical  Seminary— The 
Mansfield  State  Normal  School— The  Soldiers'  Orphan  Home— Business 
Colleges— Later  Industries  and  Enterprises— Newspapers— Churches  and 
Cemeteries— Societies. 


THE  borough  of  Mansfield  is  situated  east  of  the  geographical  center  of  Rich- 
mond township.  Its  area  embraces  a  little  more  than  two  square  miles,  lies 
principally  on  the  east  side  of  the  Tioga  river,  and  is  traversed  throughout  its 
entire  length  by  the  Tioga  railroad.  Corey  creek  enters  the  borough  from  the 
east,  north  of  the  center,  flows  northwest,  and  empties  into  the  Tioga  river  near 
the  northwest  comer  of  the  borough  area.  Though  somewhat  broken  north  of 
Corey  creek,  and  along  the  sides  of  the  river  valley,  the  borough  site  is,  as  a  whole, 
comparatively  level,  and  is  well  drained  and  healthful.  The  altitude,  railroad  level, 
is  1,140  feet  above  the  sea.     The  population,  in  1890,  was  1,763. 

The  site  of  the  borough  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  spots  in  the  Tioga 
valley.  The  boldness  and  ruggedness  of  the  hills,  on  either  side  of  the  narrow 
gap  through  which  the  river  flows  into  Tioga  township,  are  here  toned  down  to 
gentler  slopes,  permitting  them  to  be  cultivated,  from  base  to  summit,  and  giving 
to  the  scene  a  varied  beauty  that  attracts  and  enchants  the  beholder.  The 
valley,  for  miles  up  and  down  the  river,  and  the  uplands,  that  stretch  away  on 
either  side,  abound  in  well-cultivated  farms,  and  are  dotted  with  sightly  farm 
homes,  the  abodes  of  thrift,  comfort  and  culture,  while  the  borough  itself,  with 
its  well-built  business  center,  its  sightly  normal  school  buildings,  and  its  many 
handsome  private  residences,  gives  outward  evidences  of  progress  and  pros- 
perity. 

early  settlers  and  entbepkises. 

Benjamin  Corey,  the  first  white  man  to  settle  within  the  borough  limits, 
came  early  in  1797,  and  lived,  with  his  wife  and  children,  in  a  bark  hut  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Tioga  river,  west  of  the  present  railroad  bridge  over  Corey  creek, 
which  stream  was  named  after  him.  In  the  fall  he  built  a  log  house,  Daniel 
and  Harry  Lamb,  then  living  at  Lamb's  Creek,  assisting  at  the  raising.  Corey's 
wife  died,  and  he  took  her  remains  in  a  canoe  to  the  mouth  of  the  Cowanesque, 
and  buried  them.     He  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Angelica,  New  York. 

Henry  Daniels,  a  surveyor,  and  Edward  Gobin,  a  deputy  surveyor,  under  the 
Pennsylvania  title,  came  about  1802  and  occupied  the  Corey  cabin.  One  morn- 
ing, as  Gobin  opened  the  door  of  the  cabin,  he  was  shot  through  the  back  and 


576  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

hips,  by  some  one  concealed  behind  a  pine  stump,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river.  It  was  supposed  that  the  bullet  was  intended  for  Daniels,  and  that  the 
shooting  was  done  by  a  Connecticut  claimant.  A  surgeon,  brought  by  Harry 
Lamb,  from  Newtown,  now  Elmira,  New  York,  dressed  Gobin's  wound.  He  re- 
covered, and  afterwards  moved  to  Korthumberland  county. 

The  first  persons,  however,  to  permanently  settle  within  the  borough  limits, 
were  John,  Peter  and  Jacob  Kelts,  who,  with  their  father,  came  from  the  Mohawk 
valley,  New  York,  in  1804  or  1805,  and  occupied  the  Corey  cabin.  Jacob  was 
afterwards  kicked  by  a  horse  and  killed.  John  married  Abigail  Button,  and 
built  a  house  on  a  knoll,  southwest  of  the  present  cemetery.  Here,  in  1814, 
Sobrine  Kelts,  who  resides  just  south  of  the  borough  limits,  was  born.  He  is  the 
oldest  living  person  bom  in  the  borough.  Peter,  who  was  a  carpenter,  built  a 
frame  house,  the  first  one  here,  about  1810  or  1813.  It  stood  near  the  site  after- 
wards occupied  by  the  Mart  King  factory.  He  married  Sally,  a  daughter  of 
Major  Elijah  Putnam,  January  1,  1818,  and  became  a  resident  of  Coviagton  town- 
ship. Ebenezer  Burley,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  came  in  1808,.  and  settled  north 
of  Corey  creek,  east  of  the  Williamson  road.  Dr.  Stillman  Cannon,  the  first 
physician,  came  in  1813,  remained  two  years,  and  lived  in  one  of  the  Kelts'  houses. 
Alpheus  Button  came  in  1815,  and  built  a  house  near  the  entrance  to  Smythe 
Park.  Daniel  Holden,  the  pioneer  merchant,  came  from  Albany,  New  York,  in 
1819,  and  located  at  Canoe  Camp.  In  1820  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  and  settled  on 
200  acres  of  land,  now  forming  a  portion  of  the  properties  of  D.  H.  Pitts  and 
P.  V.  Van  Ness.  In  1822  he  began  merchandising  in  a  small  way.  In  1824  he 
erected  the  residence,  on  the  west  side  of  Main  street,  now  occupied  by  P.  V. 
Van  Ness.  It  is  the  oldest  building  in  the  borough.  In  1826  he  built,  across  the 
road  from  his  residence,  the  first  store  in  Mansfield.  Here  he  carried  on  business 
until  his  death,  September  4,  1830.  His  son,  John  A.  Holden,  bom  in  1821,  is 
the  oldest  person  bom  in,  and  now  a  resident  of,  the  borough.  In  1822  Almon 
'  Allen,  a  son  of  Lieut.  Jacob  Allen,  then  residing  in  the  township,  came  here  from 
Cummington,  Massachusetts.  His  brother-in-law,  Solon  Eichards,  came  about 
the  same  time.  In  1824  they  built  a  woolen  factory,  near  the  northwest  comer 
of  Smythe  Park,  which  they  afterwards  sold  to  Isaac  Drake,  who,  with  his  sons, 
John  and  Peter,  carried  it  on  for  many  years.  It  was  twice  destroyed  by  fire. 
This  factory  ceased  operations  before  1860,  and  the  building,  since  removed,  is 
now  occupied  by  the  planing-mill,  sash  and  door  factory,  of  Edward  Doane  & 
Company. 

About  the  year  1824,  Asa  Mann,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  who,  as  early  as 
1804,  had  settled  in  the  township,  below  the  borough,  purchased  from  John  and 
Peter  Kelts  200  acres  of  land,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  now  occupied  by  the 
borough  business  center.  In  the  same  year,  he  cleared  some  thirty  acres  of  this 
land,  which  soon  became  known  as  "Mann's  field."  A  year  or  two  later,  when 
he  laid  out  his  land  in  town  lots,  this  name  attached  itself  to  the  village,  which, 
with  the  passing  years,  has  become  the  prosperous  and  progressive  borough  of 
to-day.  Mr.  Mann  built  a  distillery  on  the  site  afterwards  occupied  by  the 
Spencer  photograph  gallery,  and,  about  1830,  erected  a  saw-mill  near  the  old 
woolen-mill.     A  house,  built  in  1827  or  1828,  on  the  southwest  comer  of  Main 


Qj^0Ay^UZ. 


'ifZ/lx^ 


MANSFIELD    BOKOUGH.  577 


and  Wellsboro  streets,  by  Barrett  Clark,  was  occupied,  for  a  time,  by  Asa  Mann, 
as  a  hotel,  preTious  to  its  purchase  by  Col.  Samuel  Hunt,  in  1828.  Asa  Mann 
and  his  son,  William  B.  Mann,  had  a  store  from  1833  or  1833  to  1839,  on  the  site 
of  the  building  now  occupied  by  Eose  Brothers.  In  the  last-named  year  Asa 
Mann  removed  to  Peru,  Illinois,  where  he  died  July  8, 1843,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

About  1834,  also,  Chandler  Mann  came  here  from  Otsego  county,  New  York, 
and  built  a  tannery — said  to  have  been  the  first  in  the  county — on  the  west  side 
of  Main  street,  near  Corey  creek.  Hezekiah  Gaylord,  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
came  in  1833  and  located  at  Kelleytown.  In  1834  he  moved  to  Mansfield.  Dr. 
Dexter  Parkhurst  is  credited  with  coming  the  same  year.  In  1835  his  brother, 
Joel  Parkhurst,  afterwards  a  prominent  business  man  of  Elkland,  came  from  New 
Hampshire,  and  kept  a  few  goods  for  sale  in  an  upper  room  of  the  doctor's  house. 
He  remained  but  a  few  months.  Benjamin  Peterson,  the  first  representative  of 
the  negro  race  here,  came  about  the  same  time  and  lived  with  Dr.  Parkhurst.  Col. 
Samuel  Hunt  came  from  Lebanon,  Madison  county,  New  York,  in  1838,  and 
opened  a  hotel  in  the  building,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Wellsboro  streets,  erected 
by  Barrett  Clark.  He  became  a  well  known  and  popular  landlord.  His  daughter, 
Mrs.  Gurdon  Fuller,  who  was  born  in  1830,  is  now  a  resident  of  Mansfield. 

Oliver  Whittaker,  who  had  previously  conducted  a  store  for  Daniel  Holden, 
in  Sylvania,  came  in  1831,  and  lived  in  a  house  on  the  northeast  comer  of  Main 
and  Wellsboro  streets.  Lorin  Butts  came  from  Lawrenceville  in  1833,  and  settled 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough,  on  the  place  where  his  daug'hter,  Miss  Byrissa 
B.  Butts,  now  resides.  Eodney  C.  Shaw,  a  son  of  Joshua  Shaw,  a  pioneer  settler 
at  Lamb's  Creek,  moved  here  in  1835.  His  widow,  born  in  1808,  the  oldest  per- 
son living  in  the  borough,  occupies  the  old  home  at  the  northern  end  of  Main 
street.  ApoUos  Pitts,  father  of  D.  H.,  John  P.  and  the  late  Aaron  M.  Pitts,  came 
here  from  Sullivan  township  in  1837,  and  became  prominent  as  a  merchant.  The 
late  Philip  Williams,  of  the  banking  house  of  Eoss  &  Williams,  came  the  same 
year.  Capt.  Ezra  Davis  settled  here  in  1838,  and  in  1840  built  the  brick  tannery, 
now  carried  on  by  C.  S.  Kingsley.  Abram  Shuart,  the  blacksmith,  also  came  in 
1838.  B.  W.  Hazard,  the  first  lawyer,  and  Benjamin  M.  Bailey,  afterwards  promi- 
nent as  a  merchant,  located  here  in  1840.  Benjamin  Gitchell,  who  had  previously 
lived  in  Charleston  township,  and  had  served  as  sheriff  of  the  county,  built  the 
first  brick  house  here  in  1841.  It  is  still  standing  on  the  west  side  of  South 
Main  street. 

In  1843  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris,  a  man  destined  to  do  much  for  the  progress 
and  prosperity  of  Mansfield,  came  here  from  Blossburg,  having  previously  pur- 
chased, from  James  E.  Wilson,  for  $13,000,  1,100  acres  of  land — the  Asa  Mann 
property.  After  residing  here  until  1846,  Dr.  Morris  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where 
he  remained  until  1853,  when  he  returned  to  Mansfield,  and,  in  1857,  had  the 
greater  part  of  his  land,  lying  east  of  the  river,  plotted  into  town  lots.  Oliver  H. 
Phelps  came  here  in  1843,  and  in  1850  built  a  hotel,  on  the  west  side  of  Main 
street,  south  of  Corey  creek.  Amos  Bixby  came  in  1844,  and  in  1845,  with  Edward 
Faulkner,  Gurdon  Fuller  and  John  A.  Holden,  built  a  number  of  canal  boats  for 
use  on  the  Erie  canal.  Joseph  S.  Hoard  came  in  1844,  and  LjTnan  Beach, 
with  whom  he  was  for  a  number  of  years  associated  in  business,  in  1845.      Mart 

37 


578  HISTOHT     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

King,  who  for  several  years  carried  on  a  furniture  factory,  came  from  Washing- 
ton county,  'New  York,  in  1845.  L.  H.  Elliott  and  his  sons,  Dr.  Charles  V.  and 
Simon  B.  Elliott,  came  in  1847-48;  William  Hollands,  the  harness  maker,  in  1850; 
Dr.  William  M.  Harden,  the  first  homeopathic  physician,  in  1852;  Henry  Allen, 
the  well  known  lawyer,  and  the  first  burgess,  in  1854;  A.  J.  Boss,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  banking  house  of  Eoss  &  Williams,  in  1855,  and  Clark  W.  Bailey, 
for  many  years  identified  with  the  milling  and  mercantile  business  of  the  borough, 
in  1857. 

The  foregoing  names  are  those  of  the  men  most  prominently  identified  with 
the  history  of  Mansfield  previous  to  its  incorporation  as  a  borough.  To  them 
belongs  the  credit  of  its  early  upbuilding.  They  changed  the  site  on  which  it 
stands  from  a  dense  wilderness  to  a  thrifty  and  progressive  village,  and  paved  the 
way  for  the  greater  achievements  of  more  recent  years.  All,  except  a  few,  who 
came  in  the  later  decades,  have  passed  away,  leaving  behind  them  a  record  of 
honesty,  integrity,  sobriety  and  untiring  industry.  Mansfield,  the  village  of  yes- 
terday, the  borough  of  to-day,  stands  as  a  lasting  monument  to  their  memory,  and 
is  a  fitting  testimonial  to  their  earnest,  honorable  and  useful  lives. 

B0E0U6H    OEGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

On  November  28,  1856,  a  petition  was  filed  in  the  court  of  quarter  sessions 
of  Tioga  county,  asking  for  the  incorporation  of  Mansfield  as  a  borough,  and  de- 
fining its  proposed  boundaries.  The  petition  was  favorably  acted  upon,  and  an 
election  ordered  to  take  place  March  27,  1857,  at  the- house  of  0.  H.  Phelps.  At 
this  election  the  following-named  persons  were  chosen  as  the  first  officers  of  the 
borough:  Henry  Allen,  burgess;  P.  Gaylord,  L.  H.  Elliott,  J.  M.  Cassels,  H. 
Davis  and  M.  Kelley,  councilman.  The  first  meeting  of  the  council  was  held 
April  3,  1857,  and  S.  B.  Elliott  elected  secretary,  and  H.  Davis,  treasurer,  of  the 
borough.  Following  are  the  names  of  those  who  have  filled  the  office  of  burgess 
since  1857:  John  A.  Holden,  1858;  S.  B.  Elliott,  1859;  Mart  King,  1860-61; 
A.  J.  Eoss,  1862;  Philip  Williams,  1863;  Mart  King,  1864;  W.  D.  Lang,  1865; 
Henry  Allen,  1866;  J.  T.  Streit,  1867;  H.  B.  Middaugh,  1868;  W.  Hollands,  1869- 
70;  H.  B.  Middaugh,  1871 ;  J.  S.  Murdough,  1872-73;  Mart  King,  1874-75;  D. 
H.  Pitts,  1876;  C.  H.  VerriU,  1877;  W.  Hollands,  1878;  D.  H.  Pitts,  1879;  E. 
Blackwell,  1880;  C.  V.  Elliott,  M.  D.,  1881;  T.  H.  Bailey,  1882-83;  H.  E.  Met- 
calf,  1884;  D.  H.  Pitts,  1885;  T.  H.  Bailey,  1886-87-88-89;  H.  E.  Metcalf,  1890-91; 
C.  S.  Kingsley,  1892;  W.  D.  Husted,  1893;  J.  M.  Barden,  M.  D.,  1894;  P.  E. 
Van  Keuren,  1895-96,  and  J.  S.  Shepard,  elected  in  1897. 

The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  by  the  following-named  per- 
sons: William  Adams,  1862;  re-elected,  1872,  1877,  1890;  Lyman  Beach,  Jr., 
1862;  re-elected,  1867;  Edward  E.  Webster,  1867;  J.  W.  Wilhelm,  1872:  0.  D. 
Goodenough,  1876;  B.  E.  Bailey,  1880;  re-elected,  1890,  1895;  IST.  A.  Elliott,  1882; 
Mart  King,  1885;  E.  W.  Clark,  1886;  S.  G.  Ehinevault,  1887;  J.  A.  Moody, 
1891;  re-elected,  1896. 

FIEE    DEPARTMENT. 

The  Mansfield  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  No.  1,  was  organized  December 
27,  1880,  and  chartered  December  24,  1883.     It  is  officered  as  follows:     Frank 


MANSFIELD    BOEOUGH.  579 


W.  Clark,  president;  W.  A.  Eowland,  vice-president;  W.  D.  Husted,  treasurer;  J. 
A.  Elliott,  secretary;  Charles  S.  Eoss,  foreman,  and  M.  S.  French  and  T.  H.  Bailey, 
assistant  foremen. 

A.  M.  Pitts  Hose  Company,  No.  2,  was  organized  July  33,  1893,  with  the 
following  oflBcers:  Frank  Lawrence,  president;  Eugene  Hall,  vice-president; 
Herbert  Criggs,  foreman;  Arthur  Brown,  assistant  foreman;  D.  L.  Miller,  second 
assistant  foreman;  Jerome  Mann,  secretary;  Mort  Johnson,  assistant  secretary; 
Clarence  Eohler,  treasurer;  Fred.  Gaige,  Eugene  Hall  and  Warren  Baynes,  trustees. 

Allen  Hose  Company,  No.  S,  was  organized  August  1,  1893,  with  the  follow- 
ing officers:  Eay  C.  Longbothum,  president;  George  H.  Weeks,  vice-president; 
John  Shaw,  secretary;  W.  A.  ■  McCausland,  treasurer;  K.  Leon  Buck,  foreman; 
E.  M.  Dorsett,  first  assistant,  and  Burt  J.  Bixby,  second  assistant  foreman. 

Each  of  these  companies  is  handsomely  uniformed,  and  is  made  up  of  an 
active,  enthusiastic  and  efficient  membership.  The  department  is  under  the  com- 
mand of  Judson  A.  Elliott,  fire  chief  of  the  borough. 

POSTMASTERS,    PHYSICIAN'S    AND    LAVTYEHS. 

A  postoffice  was  established  at  Canoe  Camp  in  1833.  The  first  postmaster 
was  Amos  Spencer.  A  few  years  later  it  was  removed  to  Mansfield,  and  Asa  Mann 
appointed  postmaster.  He  held  the  office  until  1839.  It  has  been  a  difficult  mat- 
ter to  secure  the  names  of  his  successors  in  the  order  of  their  service.  The  follow- 
ing, however,  is  believed  to  be  an  approximately  correct  list:  Simeon  F.  Utter, 
Oliver  Whittaker,  Philemon  Doud,  Apollos  Pitts,  Benjamin  Bailey,  Michael  Col- 
ville,  0.  H.  Phelps,  Mrs.  Mary  Euckman,  Dr.  C.  V.  Elliott,  V.  E.  Pratt,  M.  L. 
Clark,  Col.  N.  A-  Elliott,  J.  A.  Elliott  and  the  present  incumbent,  John  L.  Cum- 
mings,  appointed  August  16,  1894. 

The  first  physician  to  locate  in  Mansfield  was  Dr.  Stillman  Cannon,  who 
came  in  1813.  Dr.  Dexter  Parkhurst  came  in  1834,  and  had  an  office  near  the 
entrance  to  Smythe  Park.  He  remained  until  1830,  and  then  removed  to  Maines- 
burg.  Dr.  Harmon  Whitehead  located  here  about  1833.  Dr.  H.  G.  Smythe  was 
here  as  early  as  1838.  Dr.  C.  V.  Elliott  came  in  1847;  Dr.  William  M.  Barden, 
the  pioneer  homeopathist,  in  1853,  and  practiced  till  his  death,  September  30, 
1884;  Dr.  J.  A.  Cole,  in  1868,  and  remained  a  number  of  years.  Dr.  John  M. 
Barden,  son  of  Dr.  William  M.  Barden,  practiced  here  from  1881  to  1895,  when 
he  removed  to  Eoseville.  The  profession  is  now  represented  by  Dr.  Benjamin 
Moody,  Dr.  Wentworth  D.  Vedder,  Dr.  Fred.  D.  Elliott  and  Dr.  Frederick  Green 
Wood.     The  profession  of  dentistry  is  represented  by  Oramel  Newell. 

The  first  lawyer  to  locate  in  Mansfield  was  E.  W.  Hazard,  who  was  here 
before  1840.  Henry  Allen  came  in  1854,  and  practiced  till  his  death,  in  1888. 
William  Adams  moved  from  Tioga  township  in  1855,  and  practiced  law  and 
served  as  justice  of  the  peace  over  forty  years.  S.  B.  Elliott  was  admitted  but 
did  not  practice.  J.  H.  Handy  was  here  a  short  time.  A.  J.  Webster  came  in 
1870  and  remained  three  or  four  years.  J.  C.  Horton  came  later  remaining  two 
years.  B.  J.  Cosky  came  in  1890  and  remained  until  1894.  Douglas  H.  Griffin 
came  from  Canton  in  April,  1895,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Leon  S.  Chan- 
nell,    which    continued    until    Mr.  Griffin's    death,  from  accidental  shooting,  in 


ggQ  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


October,  1895.  The  present  members  of  the  bar  of  this  borough,  are  Frajik  W. 
Clark,  admitted  to  practice  February  5,  1866;  John  W.  Adams,  admitted  in  No- 
vember, 1867,  and  Leon  S.  Channell,  admitted  June  3,  1893. 


HOTELS. 

About  1837  Barrett  Clark  erected  a  building  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Main 
and  Wellsboro  streets,  in  which  Asa  Mann  kept  hotel  for  a  short  time.  In  1828 
Capt.  Samuel  Hunt,  who  came  from  Madison  county.  New  York,  bought  the 
property  and  carried  on  the  hotel  for  a  number  of  years.  The  house  was  burned 
in  1849,  Aaron  Ingalls  being  the  landlord  at  that  time.  In  the  following  year 
the  house  now  occupied  by  B.  E.  Baily  as  a  farm  implement  warehouse,  was 
built  for  a  hotel  by  Capt.  Samuel  Hunt  and  Gurdon  Puller,  who  kept  it  for 
several  years.  In  1850  Oliver  "W.  Phelps  erected  a  hotel  building  on  the  west 
side  of  Main  street,  south  of  Corey  creek,  in  which  he  kept  hotel  until  his  death 
in  1863.  The  building  now  known  as  the  Hotel  French,  was  originally  a 
private  residence.  When  first  used  for  hotel  purposes  it  was  known  as  the  Fuller 
House.  It  has  had  many  landlords.  In  December,  1896,  the  property  was  pur- 
chased by  M.  S.  French,  for  several  years  landlord  of  the  Allen  House,  and  was 
remodeled  and  occupied  by  him  in  the  spring  of  1897.  A  brick  building  on  Sher- 
wood street,  near  the  railroad,  originally  a  private  residence,  was  transformed  into  a 
hotel  about  1877,  with  P.  V.  Clark  as  landlord,  and  was  known  as  the  Grand  Central 
Hotel.  The  Allen  House,  used  for  several  years  after  its  erection  for  the  Soldiers' 
Orphan  School,  is  now  owned  by  Thomas  H.  Bailey,  ex-county  commissioner,  who 
purchased  it  of  Mrs.  Jane  M.  Allen  in  December,  1896.  In  April,  1897,  Mr.  Bailey 
took  charge  of  the  hotel  and  is  the  present  landlord. 

PUBLIC     SCTIOOLS. 

During  the  winter  of  1831-32,  a  school  was  taught  by  Susanna  Allen,  a 
daughter  of  Lieut.  Jacob  Allen,  in  the  dwelling  house  of  John  Kelts.  This  was  the 
first  school  within  the  borough  limits.  Between  1833  and  1826,  her  sister,  Philena 
Allen,  taught  in  a  house,  built  in  1815  for  a  dwelling  by  Alpheus  Button,  near 
the  entrance  of  Smythe  Park.  In  1836  a  plank  school  house  was  built,  a  few 
rods  south  of  Wellsboro  street,  on  land  now  embraced  in  the  right  of  way  of  the 
railroad.  The  first  school  was  taught  here  during  the  winter  of  1827-38,  by  W. 
C.  Eipley.  In  1838,  after  the  taking  effect  of  the  public  school  law,  a  two-story 
frame  school  building  was  erected  on  the  southeast  comer  of  Academy  and 
Wellsboro  streets,  and  used  for  school  purposes  until  1881,  when  the  present 
graded  school  building  was  erected.  The  old  building  is  now  used  as  a  dwelling. 
The  new  building,  including  grounds,  furniture,  etc.,  cost  over  $13,000.  It  is  a 
handsome  brick  edifice,  beautifully  located  south  of  Wellsboro  street,  near  the 
river.  The  school  is  now  practically  conducted  as  a  department  of  the  State 
Normal  School,  the  grades  below  the  High  School  being  carried  on  as  a  model 
school  of  that  institution. 

MANSFIELD   CLASSICAL   SEMINARY. 

To  the  late  Col.  Joseph  S.  Hoard  belongs  the  credit  of  first  suggesting  the 
estabUshment   in   Mansfield   of   an  institution   of   learning    of   a   higher   grade 


MANSFIELD    BOHOTTGH.  58^^ 


than  tlie  average  country  academy.  It  was  made  in  May  or  June,  1854,  to  Dr. 
Joseph  P.  Morris,  Eev.  H.  N".  Seaver,  AMn  Gaylord  and  a  few  others.  The  first 
to  give  encouragement  was  Dr.  Morris,  who  joined  Colonel  Hoard  in  creating  a 
sentiment  in  favor  of  the  proposed  school.  The  matter  was  brought  before  the 
quarterly  conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  July  9,  1854,  during  a 
camp-meeting  held  at  L.  D.  Seeley's  farm,  in  Sullivan  township,  where  the  friends 
of  the  enterprise  gathered  in  Col.  R.  C.  Shaw's  tent.  The  conference  not  being 
prepared  to  act,  a  meeting  was  appointed  for  the  following  Monday  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Mansfield.  At  this  meeting  it  was  resolved  to 
hold  a  public  meeting  in  the  same  church  July  26,  1854.  This  meeting  was 
an  enthusiastic  one.  The  nature  of  the  enterprise  was  explained,  and  a  paper 
presented  for  signatures,  proposing  the  formation  of  a  stock  company  with  shares 
at  $50  each.  There  was  a  stipulation  that  the  school  should  be  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  East  Genesee  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  but 
in  no  sense,  was  it  to  be  a  church  or  sectarian  school.  The  principal  was,  how- 
ever, to  be  a  member  of  that  church.  A  committee,  consisting  of  Colonel  Hoard, 
Eev.  William  Manning,  Alvin  Gaylord,  E.  C.  Shaw,  Hon.  D.  L.  Sherwood,  Lyman 
Beach,  Jr.,  and  others,  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions. 

On  August  8,  1854,  the  subscriptions  having  reached  $5,000,  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  present  the  claims  of  the  enterprise  to  the  East  Genesee  Con- 
ference. This  was  done,  and  the  conference  appointed  five  commissioners,  with 
discretionary  powers  to  investigate  and  decide  whether  support  should  be  pledged. 
In  the  meantime,  citizens  of  Wellsboro  concluded  that  such  an  institution  would 
be  a  good  thing  for  their  village.  The  result  was  a  warm  contest  between  the 
two  places.     The  commissioners,  however,  decided  in  favor  of  Mansfield. 

A  charter  was  seciired  for  the  "Mansfield  Classical  Seminary,"  the  first 
meeting  under  it  held  December  1,  1854,  and  the  following  ofiieers  and  trustees 
elected:  Col.  J.  S.  Hoard,  president;  Dr.  C.  V.  Elliott  and  R.  P.  Buttles,  vice- 
presidents;  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris,  recording  secretary;  B.  M.  Bailey  and  S.  B. 
Elliott,  corresponding  secretaries;  Lyman  Beach,  Jr.,  treasurer;  William  M.  John- 
son, librarian,  and  Eev.  William  Manning,  T.  L.  Baldwin,  G.  E.  Wilson,  Eev.  A. 
Sherwood,  Eev.  Eichard  Videon,  Joseph  Hubbell,  Lyman  Eeynolds,  Hon.  D.  L. 
Sherwood,  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris,  William  K.  Kimball,  J.  B.  Clark,  B.  M.  Bailey 
and  Lyman  Beach,  Jr.,  trustees. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  trustees,  held  February  15,  1855,  a  plan  for  a 
brick  building,  four  stories  high,  100  feet  front,  with  two  wings,  each  seventy- 
eight  feet  high,  was  adopted,  and  the  building  erected  under  the  supervision  of 
Col.  J.  S.  Hoard,  Hon.  D.  L.  Sherwood  and  Amos  Bixby.  April  17,  1856,  the 
board  elected  Eev.  J.  E.  and  Mrs.  H.  L.  Jaques,  principal  and  preceptress,  at  a 
combined  salary  of  $900  per  annum.  The  seminary  was  formally  opened  January 
7,  1857,  with  105  students.  The  building  when  finished  and  furnished  repre- 
sented an  outlay  of  nearly  $20,000,  with  an  indebtedness  of  $6,000. 

The  second  term  of  school  began  April  16,  1857,  with  150  students.  Six  days 
later  the  building  burned  to  the  ground,  the  fire  occurring  about  10  o'clock  in 
the  morning.  It  was  insured  for  $12,000.  The  night  following  the  fire,  the 
friends  and  promoters  of  the  institution  held  a  meeting,  resolved  to  rebuild,  and 


682  HISTOEY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

subscribed  $4,000.  "Work  was  at  once  begun,  and  by  September  1,  the  greater 
portion  of  the  first  story  of  the  south  building  was  erected.  The  panic  of  that 
year,  the  refusal  of  one  insurance  company  to  pay,  and  the  collapse  of  another, 
rendered  the  trustees  unable  to  meet  payments.  Work  was  suspended  and  a 
long  struggle  with  financial  difficulties  ensued.  Finally,  an  enthusiasm,  born  of 
despair  took  possession  of  the  people,  even  to  women  and  children,  and  at  a  picnic 
held  August  20,  1858,  oyer  $4,000  was  subscribed,  the  subscriptions  being  payable 
in  labor,  board,  grain,  provisions,  sewing,  lumber,  cattle,  everything  merchantable, 
in  sums  from  twenty-five  cents  to  $100. 

August  35,  1858,  the  trustees  resolved  to  proceed  with  the  building,  but  to 
incur  no  indebtedness.  P.  M.  Clark,  William  Hollands  and  S.  B.  Elliott  were 
appointed  a  building  committee.  Work  was  begun  and  carried  forward  under 
many  difficulties.  Though  incomplete,  the  institution  was  re-opened  Novem- 
ber 23,  1859,  with  thirty  students.  Eev.  James  Landreth  was  principal,  and  Miss 
Julia  A.  Hosmer  preceptress. 

In  November,  1859,  S.  B.  Elliott  was  elected  president.  Professor  Landreth 
resigned  in  July,  1860,  and  was  succeeded  by  Eev.  William  B.  Holt,  with  Prof. 
E.  Wildman,  assistant.  At  the  annual  election  all  but  four  of  the  old  officers 
were  retired  and  a  new  building  committee  elected.  Eev.  N.  Fellows  was  chosen 
president,  and  Eev.  E.  A.  Drake,  treasurer.  January  19,  1861,  Mr.  Drake  was 
appointed  general  agent  and  manager,  and  all  assets,  subscriptions  and  debts  were 
assigned  to  him.  Troublous  times  followed,  and  the  friends  of  the  institution 
had  a  struggle  to  keep  it  from  falling  into  the  sherifl-'s  hands;  They  finally  suc- 
ceeded. Professor  Holt  resigned  April  4,  1861,  and  was  succeeded  by  Professor 
Wildman.  At  the  annual  election  in  November,  the  old  officers  were,  for  the 
most  part,  restored.  Eev.  W.  Cochran  was  elected  president,  and  Professor  Wild- 
man,  treasurer.  Mr.  Drake  resigned  as  manager.  At  this  time  Mr.  Drake,  Eev. 
Eichard  Videan  and  J.  C.  Howe — ^who  had  been  misled  and  nearly  ruined, 
financially— held  a  number  of  judgments  against  the  institution,  which  they  had 
purchased,  and  repeated  attempts  were  made  to"sell  it  at  sheriff's  sale.  In  the 
face  of  these  obstacles,  the  work  of  completing  the  buildings  was  carried  on  by  the 
trustees. 

In  the  meantime  a  proposition  to  make  the  institution  a  State  Normal 
School  had  been  discussed,  and  during  the  winter  of  1861-63,  S.  B.  Elliott,  who 
was  in  the  state  legislature,  worked  zealously  with  that  end  in  view.  July  3,  'l863, 
the  trustees,  by  unanimous  vote,  made  application  to  the  State  to  have  the  in- 
stitution changed  to  a  State  Normal  School.  December  11,  1862,  the  examiaers 
appointed  by  the  governor,  and  by  Dr.  Burroughs,  superintendent  of  common 
schools,  met  at  Mansfield,  and,  after  examination,  reported  favorably  and  on  De- 
cember 12,  the  Mansfield  Classical  Seminaiy  passed  out  of  existence  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  State  Normal  School  of  the  Fifth  district,  being  the  third  in  the 
State  to  be  recognized,  Millersville  and  Edinboro  preceding  it. 

THE    MANSFIELB    STATE    NOEMAL    SCHOOL. 

The  Change  of  the  Mansfield  Classical  Seminary  to  a  State  Normal  School, 
did  not  immediately  relieve  its  financial    embarrassment,    and    "sheriff's    tracks 


MANSFIELD    BOROUGH.  583 


conld  be  seen  approaching  it  from  all  directions."  January  20^,  1864,  through  the 
efforts  of  Eev.  W.  Cochran,  William  Hollands,  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris  and  S.  B. 
Elliott,  Hon.  John  Magee  generously  loaned  the  institution  $6,500,  and  on 
January  1,  1867,  made  the  trustees  a  New  Year's  present  of  $3,333.50,  the  un- 
paid balance  of  that  amount.  The  first  legislative  appropriation,  made  in  the 
winter  of  1863,  amounted  to  $5,000,  since  which  time  the  State  has  dealt 
generously  with  the  institution. 

Rev.  "W.  D.  Taylor  was  elected  principal  March  19,  1863,  and  held  the  position 
until  July  13,  1864,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  Pordyee  A.  Allen,  elected 
for  five  vears.  Under  Professor  Allen's  administration  the  school  prospered.  He 
and  the  president,  S.  B.  Elliott,  who  had  succeeded  Eev.  W.  Cochran,  de- 
voted themselves  to  its  upbuilding  and  to  the  work  of  placing  it  on  a  firm 
financial  basis.  February  16,  1869,  Professor  Allen  resigned,  and  on  May  20, 
1869,  Prof.  J.  T.  Streit  was  chosen  to  succeed  him.  He  died  November  13,  1869, 
and  January  7,  1870,  Prof.  Charles  H.  Verrill  was  elected  principal.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded in  September,  1873,  by  Prof.  J.  N.  Fradenburgh,  who  served  until  Sep- 
tember, 1875,  when  Professor  Verrill  was  again  elected.  In  September,  1877, 
Prof.  Fordyce  A.  Allen  was  again  made  principal,  and  in  November,  Prof.  John 
H.  French,  LL.  D.,  was  elected  associate  principal.  He  resigned  September  6, 
1878.  Professor  Allen  died  February  11,  1880,  and  Prof.  J.  C.  Doane  filled  out 
the  remainder  of  the  school  year.  In  September,  1880,  Prof.  D.  C.  Thomas  was 
elected  principal.  He  resigned  February  1,  1892,  to  talce  effect  at  the  close  of 
the  school  year,  and  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  Samuel  H.  Albro,  the  present  prin- 
cipal, who  is  assisted  by  a  facility  of  able  and  experienced  educators. 

After  the  change  to  a. State  Normal  School,  the  work  of  completing  the  un- 
finished buildings  was  pushed  forward.  Since  then  old  buildings  have  been  re- 
modeled and  new  ones  erected,  until  the  institution  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  State 
in  respect  to  the  character  and  extent  of  its  buildings.  The  buildings  recently 
completed  and  those  in  contemplation  will  place  it,  so  far  as  architecture  and 
appropriate  equipment  can  do  so,  in  the  very  front  rank  of  the  normal  schools 
of  the  country.  The  seminary  building,  accepted  by  the  State,  was  the  main 
portion  of  the  present  South  Hall,  a  brick  structure  150x50  feet,  and  four  stories 
high.  It  was  remodeled  and  enlarged  in  1889.  In  this  building  are  the  gentle- 
men's dormitories,  six  recitation  rooms  and  the  text  book  library.  The  North 
Hall  is  270x100  feet,  and  five  stories  high,  and  cost  $150,000.  It  contains  the 
office  of  the  principal,  an  elegant  dining  room,  finished  in  oak,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  500,  the  kitchen,  bakery,  etc.,  dormitories,  for  the  ladies,  reception 
rooms,  suits  of  rooms  for  the  art  department,  and  the  Normal  School  of  Music. 
The  Normal  School  of  Music,  which  is  in  charge  of  Hamlin  E.  Cogswell,  has 
grown  to  be  an  important  department  of  the  institution,  and  has  a  special  faculty 
devoted  to  vocal  and  instrumental  instruction.  Two  stories  of  an  "L,"  project- 
ing from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  North  Hall,  are  set  apart  as  an  infirmary, 
and  are  furnished  with  every  appliance  for  the  sick.  The  Alumni  Hall — named 
for  the  Alumni  Assocation — is  located  midway  between  the  North  and  South 
Halls.  It  is  117x54  feet,  and  three  stories  high.  It  contains  the  model  school 
rooms,  recitation  rooms,  the  society  rooms,  and  a  concert  hall,  which  occupies  one 


584  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     OOTJNTT. 

entire  story.  It  was  completed  in  1886,  at  a  cost  of  $35,000.  The  bell  which 
swings  in  its  tower,  and  which  cost  $550,  was  given  by  the  Alumni  Association  in 
June,  1886.  All  the  buildings  named  are  of  brick,  and  the  style  of  architecture 
is  sightly  and  attractive.  The  gymnasium  is  a  frame  building,  130x50  jfeet, 
situated  in  the  rear  of  the  South  Hall.  It  contains  a  large  drill  hall,  a  library 
and  reading  room,  one  for  the  military  company,  one  for  cabinet  specimens  and 
a  ladies'  dressing  room.  It  was  erected  in  1888,  at  a  cost  of  $7,000.  The  grounds 
embrace  ten  acres,  and  are  beautifully  laid  out  in  lawns,  and  covered  with  a  great 
variety  of  forest  trees.  In  1895  the  value  of  grounds,  buildiags,  furniture,  library, 
etc.,  amounted  to  a  total  of  $305,000.  The  State  aid  to  1895  amounted  to 
$245,000,  making  a  total,  with  stock  and  subscriptions,  of  $268,050. 

The  management  of  the  institution  is  confided  to  a  board  of  trustees,  eighteen 
in  number,  twelve  of  whom  represent  the  stockholders  and  six  the  State.  Pour 
of  the  former  and  two  of  the  latter  are  elected  each  year.  Those  representing 
the  stockholders  are  ,7.  C.  Howe,  Charles  S.  Boss,  Joseph  S.  Hoard  and  Volney 
Eipley,  whose  terms  of  office  expire  in  1899;  A.  M.  Spencer,  J.  A.  Elliott,  Dr. 
John  M.  Barden  and  H.  F.  Kingsley,  whose  terms  expire  in  1898,  and  D.  H. 
Pitts,  Dr.  "W.  D.  Vedder,  E.  L  Sperry  and  F.  E.  Van  Keuren,  whose  terms  expire 
in  1897.  Representing  the  State — Benton  E.  James,  Montrose;  Lee  Brooks, 
Canton;  whose  terms  of  office  expire  in  1899;  Hon.  H.  B.  Packer,  Wellsboro,  and 
Dr.  F.  Q.  Elliott,  Mansfield,  whose  terms  expire  in  1898,  and  David  Cameron, 
Wellsboro,  and  F.  M.  Allen,  Mansfield,  whose  terms  expire  in  1897.  The  honorary 
trustees  are  Hon.  S.  B.  Elliott,  Hon.  C.  V.  Elliott,  Peter  V.  Van  Ness  and  Albert 
Sherwood.  The  officers  of  the  board  are,  D.  H.  Pitts,  president;  J.  A.  Elliott, 
secretary,  and  Edward  H.  Boss,  treasurer. 

The  Alumni  Association  of  the  State  Normal  School  of  Mansfield  was  chartered 
February  11,  1871.  Its  object  is  "to  encourage  and  foster  among  the  graduates 
of  the  State  ^STormal  School,"  "the  spirit  of  friendship  and  self-improvement  by 
an  annual  re-union."  The  present  officers  are,  W.  W.  Allen,  president;  C.  J. 
Beach,  vice-president;  Jennie  Parrer  Avery,  secretary;  Joseph  S.  Hoard,  treasurer, 
and  F.  M.  Allen,  Anna  Peck  Capell,  Maud  Gates,  Mary  L.  Shaw  and  Lucy  Ransom 
Longstreet,  executive  committee. 

SOLDIEKS'    ORPHAN    HOME. 

This  institution  was  founded  by  Prof.  F.  A.  Allen,  who  opened  it  October  1, 
1867,  having  previously  made  application  to  the  superintendent  of  Soldiers' 
Orphans  for  twenty-five  boys  and  twenty-five  girls.  The  school  was  first  kept  in 
an  old  store  building,  but  later  larger  and  better  buildings  were  secured,  one  of 
them  being  the  present  Allen  House.  The  attendance  the  first  year  was  sixty- 
three  pupils.  Each  year  witnessed  an  increase,  until  there  were  over  200  pupils 
in  the  school.  In  1872  a  farm  of  150  acres  near  the  borough  was  purchased,  in 
order  to  give  employment  and  instruction  to  the  boys.  After  Professor  Allen's 
death,  in  1880,  his  widow  carried  on  the  school,  assisted  by  Vine  R.  Pratt,  who 
had  been  connected  with  it  almost  from  the  beginning.  In  1890  the  schoo'l  was 
moved  to  Hartford,  and  J.  Miller  Clark,  of  Mansfield,  appointed  superintendent. 


^^^A^^s^i^^ 


MANSFIELD    BOEOUGH.  585 


BUSINESS    COLLEGES. 

The  Mansfield  Business  College  was  opened  in  the  spring  of  1883,  the  of&eers 
being  Eev.  J.  T.  Brownell,  president;  C.  S.  Eoss,  secretary;  E.  D.  Westbrook, 
principal  of  penmanship  department;  C.  V.  Ireton,  principal  of  department  of 
telegraphy;  Hugh  Eoss,  principal  of  department  of  phonography.  In  1886  T. 
P.  Jones  succeeded  to  the  management.  He  was  succeeded  by  J.  N.  Smoot,  who 
carried  it  on  until  1894,  when  it  was  discontinued. 

The  Allen  Business  College  was  opened  in  May,  1883,  by  P.  M.  Allen,  who 
carried  it  on  for  two  years,  when  he  became  connected  with  the  Williamsport 
Commercial  College  and  discontinued  his  school  here. 

LATER    INDUSTRIES    AND    ENTERPRISES. 

TU  Mansfield  Tannery,  the  oldest  manufacturing  enterprise  in  the  borough, 
was  established  in  1840,  by  Capt.  Ezra  Da\ds.  In  the  fall  of  1865  Ealph  E. 
Kingsley  acquired  a  half  interest  in  it,  and  in  1868  became  sole  owner.  He 
associated  with  him  his  son,  C.  S.  Kingsley,  and  the  firm  continued  as  E.  E.  Kings- 
ley  &  Son,  until  the  father's  death,  December  36,  1893,  since  which  time  C.  S. 
Kingsley  has  carried  on  the  business.  It  is  devoted  to  the  tanning  of  upper  leather, 
has  a  capacity  of  80  to  100  sides  per  day,  and  gives  work  to  ten  employes. 

The  Sun  Milling  Company— the  principal  proprietary  interest  being  in 
Charles  S.  Eoss— operates  the  roller  grist-mill  in  the  western  part  of  the  borough. 
This  mill  was  established  as  a  water-power,  buhr-mill,  in  1850,  by  Terrence 
Smythe.  In  1857  it  was  purchased  by  Clark  W.  Bailey,  and  operated  by  himself, 
his  sons,  T.  H.  and  J.  W.  Bailey,  and  lesees,  until  1890,  when  it  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Sun  Milling  Company.  It  is  now  a  full  roller-mill,  has  a  capacity 
of  seventy-five  barrels  a  day,  and  is  devoted  to  merchant  and  custom  work. 
"Water  and  steam  power  are  both  used.  A.  "W.  Stephenson  is  manager,  and  H. 
B.  Breon,  superintendent. 

The  Tioga  Iron  Worhs,  for  many  yeaxs  Mansfield's  most  important  manufac- 
turing enterprise,  was  established  in  1854,  by  a  company  with  $50,000  capital,  con- 
sisting of  John  F.  Donaldson,  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris,  S.  F.  Wilson  and  William 
Bache,  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  pig  iron  from  ore  obtainable  three  miles 
west  of  the  borough.  The  furnace  was  erected  by  Charles  F.  Swan.  The  plant 
afterwards  became  the  property  of  Sehaaber  &  Johnston,  of  Eeading,  who  operated 
it  until  about  1870,  when  it  was  shut  down.  In  1883  Col.  E".  A.  Elliott  was  appointed 
the  agent  of  the  owners  to  dispose  of  the  plant  and  real  estate,  which  he  has  since 
sold. 

Bailey's  Steam  Saw-Mill  was  erected  in  1860  by  Clark  W.  Bailey.  In  it  was 
used  the  first  circular  saw  seen  in  this  section.  In  1866  Mr.  Bailey  sold  it  to  his 
sons,  T.  H.  and  J.  W.  Bailey.  It  was  burned  in  1877  and  rebuilt  and  burned  again 
in  1889,  and  not  rebuilt. 

Edward  Doane  &  Company  have,  since  1881,  operated  a  planing-mill,  sash  and 
door  factory  in  the  old  woolen-factory  building  near  the  depot.  This  enterprise 
was  started  in  1868  by  S.  B.  Elliott,  with  whom  M.  L.  Clark  was  afterwards  asso- 
ciated. 


586  HISTOET     OP    TIOGA     COUNTY. 

Mart  King's  Furniture  Factory  was  built  in  1869^  on  the  west  side  of  the  rail- 
road, northwest  from  the  depot,  by  Mart  King.  It  was  first  devoted  to  the  manu- 
facture of  bedsteads.  On  December  24,  1870,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  rebuilt  in 
the  following  spring,  and  a  general  line  of  furniture  manufactured.  July  4,  1884, 
it  was  again  destroyed  by  fire,  but  was  not  rebuilt.  At  this  time  Mr.  King  was 
operating,  in  connection  with  it,  a  steam  laundry,  which  was  doing  a  laxge  business. 

The  Banking  House  of  Boss  &  Williams  was  established  May  34,  1872,  by 
Andrew  J.  Eoss  and  Philip  Williams.  Mr.  Eoss  remained  the  senior  partner  until 
his  death,  August  18,  1875.  In  the  summer  of  1878,  having  become  of  age,  his 
oldest  son,  Charles  S.  Eoss,  who  had  previously  been  employed  as  a  clerk,  entered 
the  partnership  as  the  representative  of  his  father's  interest.  Mr.  "Williams  died 
in  July,  1894,  and  Mr.  Eoss  carried  on  the  business  until  January  1,  1895,  as  sur- 
viving partner,  when  he  became  sole  proprietor.  The  use  of  the  old  name  is  con- 
tinued. This  bank  is  ably  and  conservatively  managed  and  is  regarded  as  one  of 
the  strongest  and  soundest  financial  institutions  in  this  section  of  the  State. 

Smyfhe  Parle,  situated  near  the  central  part  of  the  borough,  on  what  was  for- 
merly known  as  the  "Island,"  contains  twenty-five  acres  of  land.  It  was  opened 
in  July,  1879,  and  named  after  Dr.  H.  G.  Smythe.  It  is  owned  and  managed  by 
the  Smythe  Park  Association,  incorporated,  the  officers  of  which  are  as  follows: 

C.  S.  Eose,  president;  D.  J.  Butts,  vice-president;  J.  A.  Elliott,  secretary,  and  W. 

D.  Husted,  treasurer.  Here  is  held  annually  the  Mansfield  agricultural,  mechanical 
and  industrial  fair.  The  park  is  also  used  for  picnics,  ball  games,  bicycle  races,  etc. 
Except  during  the  fair  or  other  special  occasions,  when  an  admission  is  charged, 
this  park  is  open  to  the  public. 

The  New  Era  Mills,  on  Main  street  near  Corey  creek,  were  erected  in  1882  by 
the  New  Era  Manufacturing  Company,  composed  of  Albert  Sherwood,  L.  L.  Flower, 
Clark  B.  Sherwood  and  Andrew  Sherwood.  The  plant,  which  originally  consisted 
of  a  four-run  steam  grist-mill  and  a  clothes  pin  factory,  cost  $12,000.  The  clothes 
pin  factory  has  been  discontinued.  Since  July,  1893,  the  grist-mill  has  been 
operated  by  Strait  &  Kingsley.     It  is  devoted  to  merchant  and  custom  milling. 

The  Boss  Cigar  Company,  composed  of  C.  S.  and  E.  H.  Eoss,  is  the  successor 
of  the  Voorhees  Cigar  Company,  established  in  Mansfield  May  1, 1884.  The  present 
company  has  owned  the  factory  since  May  1,  1889.  About  sixty  hands  are  em- 
ployed and  10,000  cigars  a  day  manufactured.  The  principal  brands  are  the 
"Supreme  Court"  and  the  "Sidman."  The  factory  is  located  on  the  east  side  of 
Main  street,  south  of  Wellsboro  street. 

The  Mansfield  Opera  House  Company  (Limited),  proprietors  of  the  Mansfield 
Opera  House,  was  incorporated  November  19,  1888,  the  incorporators  being  the 
members  of  the  Mansfield  Hook  and  Ladder  Company.     The  first  officers  were  Frank 

E.  Yan  Keuren,  president;  A.  E.  Backer,  secretary;  C.  S.  Eoss,  treasurer,  and  Frank 
E.  Van  Keuren,  C.  S.  Eoss,  A.  E.  Backer,  H.  E.  Metcalf  and  John  Van  Osten,  man- 
agers. The  opera  house  is  a  handsome  two-story  brick,  on  the  north  side  of  Wells- 
boro street,  east  of  Main  street.  The  borough  building,  also,  a  two-story  brick,  in 
which  are  located  the  borough  oifices  and  the  fire  department,  adjoins  it  on  the 
west. 

The  Mansfield  Foundry  and  Machine  Shops,  on  South  Main  street,  were  estab- 


MANSFIELD    BOROUGH.  587 


lished  in  1890  by  Moore  &  Hanson,  who  were  succeeded  in  1892  by  Moore  &  Tomlin- 
son.  The  plant  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  agricultural  implements  and  to 
general  repairing. 

The  Paisley  Woolen  Company,  capital  $40,000,  was  organized  September  31, 
1892,  with  the  following  officers:  Alexander  McLachlan,  president  and  superin- 
tendent; Charles  S.  Eoss,  secretary;  Philip  Williams,  treasurer.  The  plant,  which 
comprises  the  latest  improved  machinery,  occupies  a  building  150x50,  with  an  engine 
room  100x25  feet,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough,  and  is  devoted  to  the  manu- 
facture of  shawls. 

'The  Mansfield  Board  of  Trade  was  incorporated  April  8,  1892,  with  the  follow- 
ing officers:  H.  F.  Kingsley,  president;  Dr.  J.  M.  Barden,  first  vice-president;  F. 
W.  Clark,  second  vice-president;  W.  D.  Husted,  secretary;  M.  L.  Clark,  treasurer, 
and  P.  Williams,  D.  H.  Pitts  and  D.  J.  Butts,  trustees.  There  were  123  charter 
members.  The  object  of  this  association  is  "the  promotion  of  the  prosperity  of 
Mansfield,  and  the  advancement  of  its  business  interests. 

The  Mansfield  Wood  Novelty  Worlcs  was  organized  June  13,  1892,  with  a  capital 
of  $20,000.  The  officers  were  as  follows:  M.  L.  Clark,  president;  C.  S.  Eoss,  secre- 
tary; P.  Williams,  treasiu'er,  and  C.  S.  Eoss,  H.  E.  Metcalf,  D.  H.  Pitts,  M.  L.  Clark 
and  C.  S.  Kingslej^,  directors.  The  plant  is  located  a  short  distance  south  of  Corey 
creek,  on  the  east  side  of  the  railroad,  and  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  a  mis- 
cellaneous list  of  articles  out  of  native  woods.  When  run  to  its  fullest  capacity  it 
employs  about  fifty  men.     L.  W.  Obourn  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Mansfield  Building  and  Loan  Association  was  chartered  May  23,  1893, 
with  an  authorized  capital  of  $1,000,000.  The  officers  were  as  follows:  F.  E.  Van 
Keuren,  president;  J.  A.  Elliott,  secretary;  W.  W.  Allen,  treasurer,  and  F.  E.  Van 
Keuren,  M.  E.  Gillett,  T.  W.  Judge,  J.  S.  Hoard,  0.  B.  Smith,  E.  A.  Spencer,  M. 
H.  Shepard,  S.  E.  Coles  and  T.  F.  Eolason,  directors.  Its  object  is  to  promote  the 
building  interests  of  the  borough. 

The  Mansfield  Water  Company,  of  which  J.  A.  Elliott  is  the  superintendent, 
was  organized  in  1893.  The  stockholders  are  non-residents,  the  principal  ones 
being  ex-Lieutenant- Governor  Watres  and  Hon.  Lemuel  Ammerman,  of  Scranton. 
Gravity  system  is  used,  the  source  of  supply  being  Seeley  creek,  in  the  northwest 
part  of  the  township. 

The  Mansfield  Chair  Company  was  organized  in  October,  1893,  by  A.  H.  and 
C.  F.  Laasch,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000.  The  shops,  two  in  number,  are  situated 
near  the  railroad,  east  of  the  IsTovelty  Works.  Ten  men  are  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  chairs,  tables,  sofas  and  furniture. 

NEWSPAPEHS. 

In  1856  I.  M.  Euekman  started  a  paper  in  Mansfield  called  The  Balance.  This 
name  was  subsequently  changed  to  the  Mansfield  Express.  About  1857  the  plant 
was  removed  to  Kansas,  and  during  the  anti-slavery  agitation  was  thrown  into  the 
Missouri  river.  Among  the  editors  in  Mansfield  were  S.  B.  Elliott  and  Col.  J.  S. 
Hoard.  In  1872  The  Valley  Enterprise  was  removed  from  Lawrenceville  to  Mans- 
field, by  H.  C.  Mills,  who  was  succeeded  a&  editor  by  V.  A.  Elliott.  It  was  pur- 
chased by  0.  D.  Goodenough,  who,  on  January  21,  1875,  changed  its  name  to  the 


588  HISTORY    Oy    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Mansfield  Advertiser.  He  was  succeeded  by  D.  A.  Famham,  Pratt  &  Goodenougli 
and  "W.  A.  Eowland,  from  whom,  on  May  6,  1885,  Frank  B.  Van  Keuren  purchased 
it.  In  the  following  July,  Sheridan.  E.  Coles  became  a  partner,  and  the  paper  has 
since  been  published  by  them  under  the  firm  name  of  Van  Keuren  &  Coles.  It  is 
a  home^print,  eight-column  folio,  devoted  to  local  interests,  is  well  edited  and  has 
a  good  circulation. 

CHUBCHES   AND    CEMBTEBIES. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Richmond  was  organized  July  5,  1832,  at  the 
house  of  Eev.  Asa  Donaldson,  by  the  Eev.  David  Higgins  and  the  Rev.  Elisha  D. 
Wells,  a  committee  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Bath.  The  names  of  the  original 
members  are  as  follows:  Amariah  Eobbins,  Joel  Harkness,  Joseph  Thompson,  John 
Backer,  John  W.  Donaldson,  Timothy  Orvis,  John  Kell'ey,  Mary  Cooley,  Hannah 
Kelley,  Thanks  Webster,  Delia  Donaldson,  Emily  Sexton,  Anna  Finks,  Eoxalana 
Brown  and  Eachel  Orvis.  The  minutes  of  the  meeting  axe  signed  by  Eev.  Asa 
Donaldson,  who  had  previously  conducted  meetings  in  the  old  school  house  on 
Wellsboro  street,  and  was  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the  organization  of  the 
church,  the  early  membership  of  which  included  all  the  persons  of  the  Presbyterian 
faith  in  Eichmond,  Tioga  and  Sullivan  townships.  The  election  of  ruling  elders 
was  deferred  until  April  9,  1834,  when  Amariah  Eobbins  and  Holly  Seely  were 
chosen.  The  first  session  met  at  Tioga  May  17, 1834,  when  Mrs.  Catherine  M.  Wick- 
ham,  Miss  Betsey  Mather,  Miss  Abigail  Preston,  Jonas  B.  Shurtliff  and  wife  and 
Mrs.  Martha  Graves  were  admitted  to  membership  and  constituted  a  branch  of  the 
church  in  Eichmond.  Mr.  Donaldson,  the  pastor,  severed  his  connection  with  the 
church  in  1837,  and  moved  to  Illinois.  On  August  3,  1839,  John  Kelley  and 
Joseph  Eobbins  were  chosen  ruling  elders.  The  meeting  of  the  session  on  February 
10,  1841,  was  presided  over  by  Eev.  P.  H.  Fowler.  The  last  entry  in  the  minute 
book  was  made  June  27,  1857,  and  notes  the  election  of  Lorin  Butts  as  ruling  elder, 
to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Amariah  Eobbins.  This  church  purchased 
and  worshiped  in  a  building— erected  for  a  wagon  shop  by  a  man  named  Hilton,  on 
the  southeast  corner  of  Main  and  Sherwood  streets — and  about  three  acres  of  land. 
The  present  Baptist  church  stands  on  part  of  this  land.  The  church,  as  an  active 
body,  passed  out  of  existence  in  the  early  fifties. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Mansfield  was  first  organized  as  a  branch  of  the 
Sullivan  Baptist  church  April  10,  1840,  by  members  of  the  Baptist  faith  residing 
in  Mansfield  and  vicinity.  The  members  of  this  branch  were  Deacon  Daniel  Sher- 
wood and  Anna,  his  wife;  Hon.  D.  L.  Sherwood  and  Maria,  his  wife;  E.  P.  Clark  and 
Fanny,  his  wife;  Oliver  Elliott,  Thomas  Jerald,  Martha  Utter  and  Lorena  Eipley, 
together  with  Eev.  Abijah  Sherwood  and  Maria,  his  wife.  On  April  1,  1843,  the 
above  named  members  organized  an  independent  Baptist  church  to  be  known  as  the 
Baptist  church  of  Mansfield.  Eev.  Abijah  Sherwood  served  as  pastor  until  1860, 
with  the  exception  of  the  years  1853  and  1853,  when  Eev.  G.  W.  Stone  filled  the 
pulpit,  and  1853  and  1854,  when  it  was  filled  by  Eev.  W.  P.  Maryatt.  The  succeed- 
ing pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  jST.  L.  Eeynolds,  1860-66;  G.  P.  Watrous, 
1866-67  and  1869-73;  J.  W.  Henry,  1867-68;  J.  E.  Bell,  1874-75;  H.  Bray,  1875- 
78;  J.  M.  Eighter,  1878-81;  S.  Early,  1881-83;  A.  W.  H.  Hodder,  1884- '  F  H. 
Cooper,  1885;  H.  S.  Quillen,  1891;   Charles  DeWoody,  1892,  and  F.  W.  Eeynolds, 


MANSFIELD    BOHOUGH.  589 


the  present  pastor^  who  took  charge  in  April,  1893.  The  church  was  incorporated 
March  38,  1873.  The  church  building,  erected  in  1848-49,  on  the  noi'theast  corner 
of  Main  and  Sherwood  streets,  was  replaced  in  1888  by  the  present  handsome  brick 
edifice,  at  a  cost  of  $7,000. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Mansfield  was  formally  organized 
February  20, 1845.  At  an  early  day  itinerant  preachers  of  this  denomination  visited 
the  settlers  in  the  Tioga  valley,  and  held  meetings  in  dwellings,  barns  and  the  open 
air.  They  were  ardent,  earnest  and  oftentimes  eloquent  evangelists,  and  upon  the 
occasion  of  their  visits  the  people  came  many  miles  to  hear  them.  These  occasional 
services  were  held  in  Mansfield  until  1841,  after  which  services  were  held  at  stated 
times.  Febrviary  10,  1845,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  conference,  signed  by 
S.  F.  Utter,  H.  G.  Martin,  P.  Doud,  Elijah  Clark,  Eussell  Davis,  Alvin  Gaylord,  E. 
C.  Shaw,  Isaiah  Seelye  and  P.  M.  Clark,  asking  to  be  incorporated  as  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Mansfield.  This  petition  was  granted  on  the  20th 
of  the  same  month.  The  first  trustees  of  the  church  were  Elijah  Clark,  Simeon 
F.  Utter,  Phineas  M.  Clark,  Eodney  C.  Shaw,  Alvin  Gaylord,  John  Cochran  and 
Marvin  Perry.  The  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  church  are  as  fol- 
lows: Eevs.  I.  Smith,  1841;  E.  H.  Cranmer,  1841-43;  E.  M.  Eeach  and  M.  Scott, 
1843;  J.  Ashworth  and  S.  Mehols,  1844;  E.  Pinder,  1845;  E.  L.  Stillwell,  1846-47; 
0.  Trowbridge,  1848-49;  W.  C.  Mattison,  1850;  A.  H.  ShurtlifE,  1851;  W.  Man- 
ning, 1853-53;  L.  L.  Eogers,  1854-55;  J.  E.  Jaques,  1856;  H.  K  Seaver,  1857;  E. 
L.  Stillwell,  1858-59;  E.  A.  Drake  and  W.  Beach,  1860;  E.  A.  Drake  aoid  W.  Coch- 
ran, 1861;  W.  Cochran,  1863;  W.  M.  Haskell,  1863-64;  H.  Lamkin,  1865-67;  H. 
T.  Giles,  W.  Beach,  L.  Beach  and  L.  D.  Watson,  1868;  W.  D.  Taylor,  1869-71;  J. 
T.  Canfield,  1872;  H.  S.  Parkhurst,  1873-74;  G.  C.  Jones,  1875-76;  H.  Vosburgh, 
1877;  H.  C.  Moyer,  1878-80;  J.  T.  Brownell,  1881-82;  D.  W.  Smith,  1883-84;  W. 
A.  Ely,  1884-86;  W.  S.  H.  Hermans,  1886-89;  David  Keppel,  1889-92;  A.  K 
Damon,  1893-93;  E.  J.  Eosengrant,  1894-97. 

The  first  services  were  held  in  a  building  erected  for  a  wagon  shop,  at  the  corner 
of  Main  and  Sherwood  streets,  opposite  the  Baptist  church,  and  afterwards  in  the 
old  school  building  at  the  comer  of  Wellsboro  and  Academy  streets.  In  1849  the 
building  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Elmira  streets,  now  used  by  the  Universalist 
congregation,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,600.  April  17,  1873,  the  present  build- 
ing, on  the  northwest  corner  of  Wellsboro  and  Academy  streets,  was  dedicated.  It 
is  of  brick,  has  a  seating  capacity  of  six  hundred,  cost  $16,000,  and  is  one  of  the 
finest  church  edifices  in  the  county.  In  May,  1895,  the  E.  P.  Clark  homestead, 
adjoining  the  church  on  the  north,  was  purchased  and  remodeled  for  a  parsonage,  at 
a  cost  of  $2,500.  The  church  now  numbers  538  members.  There  are  300  pupils 
and  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  F.  M.  Allen  is  the  superintendent. 
The  young  people  of  this  church  are  members  of  Epworth  League,  Chapter  No.  1083, 
of  which  George  L.  Strait  is  president. 

St.  James'  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  originated  in  a  Sunday-school  started 
by  William  Hollands  in  March,  1865,  of  which  Mrs.  James  E.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Joseph 
P.  Morris  and  others  were  active  members.  Mr.  Hollands  acted  as  lay  reader  until 
April,  1866,  when  -Eev.  N'.  Barrows  became  rector,  after  which  services  were  held 
regularly  in  the  Baptist  church,  which  had  been  rented  for  that  purpose.     A  church 


590  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

was  organized,  of  which  "William  Hollands  and  Charlotte,  his  wife;  Mrs.  Sarah  E. 
Morris,  James  R.  Wilson  and  Margaret,  his  wife;  Eobert  Crossley  and  Mary,  his  wife; 
Frederick  Hart,  Josephine  and  Irene  Stewart,  were  members.  A  charter  of  incor- 
poration was  obtained  May  30,  1867.  The  necessary  funds  for  a  building  were 
secured,  the  cornerstone  laid  September  13,  1868,  by  Bishop  Stevens,  and  the  build- 
ing completed  and  opened  for  worship  December  21,  1870,  the  cost,  including  bell 
and  organ,  being  $7,500.  It  is  located  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Wellsboro  and 
St.  James  streets.  On  April  24,  1871,  the  church  was  dedicated  by  Bishop  Stevens, 
the  of&cers  at  the  time  being  James  E.  Wilson,  senior  warden;  William  Hollands, 
junior  warden;  E.  Crossley,  A.  J.  Eoss,  F.  A.  Stewart,  P.  A.  Allen  and  J.  P.  Morris, 
vestrymen.  The  lot  on  which  the  church  stands  was  the  gift  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph 
P.  Morris;  the  bell,  weighing  1,140  pounds  and  costing  $500.00,  and  a  fine  pipe  organ 
costing  $800.00,  were  presented  by  Charles  E.  Smith,  of  Philadelphia,  and  many 
valuable  tokens  were  received  from  Mrs.  Edgar,  of  New  York;  Mrs.  Margaret  Wil- 
son, Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Morris,  Mrs.  Vesta  King,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  P.  A.  Allen  and  others. 
Eev.  K.  Barrows,  the  first  rector,  served  from  1866  to  1875.  His  successors  have 
been  Eevs.  William  Marshall,  1875-80;  P.  P.  Pugett,  1880;  B.  P.  Brown,  1881-84; 
M.  Karcher,  1885-87;  J.  B.  Blanchard,  1888;  William  Du  Hamel,  1890;  P.  S.  Hip- 
kins,  1892-94.  Eev.  Francis  McPetrich  took  charge  in  November,  1895,  and 
remained  until  March,  1897. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mansfield  was  organized  April  29,  1870,  by  Eev. 
Dr.  J.  D.  Mitchell,  Eev.  C.  Otis  Thatcher  and  Hon.  H.  W.  Williams,  a  committee 
appointed  by  the  Presbyte^  of  Wellsboro,  at  Tioga.  The  names  of  the  origiaal 
members  of  the  church  are  as  follows:  Charles  H.  Verrill,  William  Hutchinson, 
Mrs.  Fidelia  Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Harriet  IST.  Hxmt,  Miss  Nettie  H.  Hunt,  Miss  Emma 
E.  Hunt,  Ealph  E.  Kingsley,  Mrs.  Sarah  Kingsley,  Mrs.  Eliza  Kingsley,  Miss  Caro- 
line M.  Kingsley,  Mrs.  Lottie  E.  Hoyt,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Elliott,  Charles  Thompson,  Mrs. 
James  Hoard,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Spencer  and  Mrs.  Lavina  Eeynolds.  Charles  H. 
Verrill  and  William  Hutchinson  were  elected  ruling  elders.  At  this  meeting  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  0.  V.  Elliott,  Miss  Emma  A.  Elliott  and  Miss  Lelia  S.  Coles  were  admitted 
to  membership  on  profession  of  faith.  Eev.  Joseph  A.  Eosseel,  the  first  pastor, 
served  until  1875.  His  successors  have  been  as  follows:  Eev.  S.  C.  McElroy, 
1875-76;  George  D.  Meigs,  1876-82;  William  F.  Carter,  1882-85;  George  N. 
Eogers,  supply,  1885;  J.  B.  Woodward,  1888-90;  W.  T.  Schofield,  D.  D.,  supply 
from  November,  1892,  to  April,  1893,  and  Eev.  Charles  E.  Hoyt,  who  served  from 
January,  1894,  to  October,  1896.  The  church  building,  located  on  the  north  side 
of  Wellsboro  street,  east  of  Main,  was  erected  in  1875,  at  a  cost,  with  the  lot,  of 
$2,800.  It  was  enlarged  in  1894  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  The  church  numbers  eighty 
members.  In  the  Sunday-school  are  ninety  pupils  and  teachers.  Prof.  W.  E. 
Longstreet  was  superintendent  from  1886  to  1895.  John  P.  Bates  is  the  present 
superintendent. 

The  Universalist  Church  was  organized  in  1880,  its  members  consisting  of  Eev. 
J.  S.  Palmer  and  family,  P.  S.  Eipley,  Dr.  J.  A.  Cole,  Freeman  Shaw,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Strait  and  Mrs.  Laura  Kohler.  Miss  Emma  Bailey  served  this  church  as  pastor 
for  ten  years.  Eev.  J.  S.  Palmer  became  the  pastor  in  January,  1895.  The  old 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  building  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Elmira  streets  was 


MANSFIBLD   BOROUGH.  591 


purchased  by  this  society  in  1883,  and  has  since  been  used  as  its  house  of  worship. 

The  Simday-sehool  numbers  twenty-five  pupils.     Frank  Howe  is  the  superintendent. 
A  Roman  Catholic  Sunday-Scliool  was  organized  in  1887,  and  is  under  the 

charge  of  the  pastor  of  the  church  at  Blossburg.     John  Gibson  is  the  president. 

There  is  aJQ  average  attendance  of  fifty  pupils,  who  meet  in  a  hall  over  D.  H.  Pitts' 

store,  on  Main  street. 

Hope  Cemetery,  situated  west  of  Main  street,  on  the  hill  north  of  Corey  creek, 

has  been  a  burial  place  since  the  earlier  years  of  Mansfield's  history.     Here  rest  the 

remains  of  many  of  the  pioneers  of  the  borough  and  the  township,  a  number  of 
those  originally  interred  in  private  burial  grounds  having  been  removed  hither  in 
more  recent  years.  The  old  burial  plot  is  now  owned  by  the  borough,  and  the 
vacant  lots,  or  those  that  may  become  vacant  by  removals,  are  free.  The  additions 
made  during  later  years  are  owned  by  Andrew  Sherwood  and  Mrs.  Jane  M.  Allen, 
from  whose  lands  they  were  taken. 

Oakwood  Cemetery  Company,  capital  $5,000,  organized  August  11,  1890,  owns 
a  cemetery  plot  of  eleven  acres  in  the  northeastern  pai-t  of  the  borough.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are  as  follows:  D.  H.  Pitts,  president;  0.  Newell,  vice- 
president;  J.  S.  Hoard,  secretary;  C.  S.  Eoss,  treasurer;  D.  H.  Pitts,  J.  S.  Hoard 
and  C.  S.  Eoss,  directors. 

SOCIETIES. 

Friendship  Lodge,  No.  2Jf7,  F.  &  A.  Y.  M.,  was  organized  July  1,  1850,  with 
the  following  officers  and  charter  members:  Josiah  N".  "Wright,  W.  M.;  Lorin  Butts, 
S.  W.;  Thomas  Mantor,  J.  W.,  and  James  Husted,  Ambrose  Millard,  Daniel  Lamb, 
John  Lownsbery  and  Lorin  Lamb.  The  lodge  met  in  a  building  on  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Sherwood  streets.  March  1,  1853,  the  lodge  moved  to  Covington  and 
continued  there  until  October  29,  1860,  when  it  returned  to  Mansfield  and  met  in 
the  building  now  occupied  by  Shepard's  store.  On  January  3,  1887,  the  charter 
was  surrendered  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Pennsylvania,  and  on  April  27,  of  the  same 
year,  a  new  charter  was  secured  and  the  lodge  reorganized  with  Dr.  Wentworth  D. 
Vedder,  "W.  M.;  Charles  S.  Eoss,  S.  "W.;  Elmer  E.  Backer,  J.  W.;  Burr  E.  Bailey, 
T.,  and  Frank  E.  Van  Keuren,  S.,  and  Isaac  Squires,  ISForthrup  Smith,  John  S. 
Murdough,  Benjamin  Jones  and  Clement  T.  Paine,  members.  The  lodge  met  in 
a  hall  over  H.  F.  Kingsley's  store,  until  April,  1895,  when  it  moved  into  a  new  hall 
in  the  Eeese  &  Farrer  building  on  Wellsboro  street,  which  had  been  fitted  up  at  a 
cost  of  $800.00.  The  living  past  masters  of  this  lodge  are  as  follows:  A.  M.  Spencer, 
John  S.  Murdough,  Jerome  P.  Kingsley,  "Wentworth  D.  Vedder,  M.  D.,  Frank  E. 
Van  Keuren,  Homer  F.  Kingsley,  Frank  H.  Cooper,  Milton  E.  Goodall  and  Clar- 
ence H.  Horton. 

Mansfield  Lodge,  No.  526,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  February  8,  1889,  with 
the  following  officers  and  charter  members:  Sheridan  E.  Coles,  N".  G.;  "W.  H.  Milo, 
V.  G.;  B.  J.  Costley,  S.;  M.  E.  Goodall,  A.  S.;  J.  M.  Barden,  T.;  A.  "W.  Gillet,  E.. 
S.  K.  G.;  David  Palmer,  L.  S.  N.  G.;  C.  H.  Lawrence,  "W.  J.  Devoe,  C;  F.  L. 
Graves,  E.  S.  S.;  Volney  Eipley,  L.  S.  S.;  L.  Goldmeyer,  0.  G.;  Eugene  Doane, 
I.  G.;  H.  E.  Metcalf,  E.  S.  V.  G.;  Benjamin  Moody,  L.  S.  Y.  G.,  and  Frank  Kohler, 
L.  A.  Brewster,  S.  Clark  Peake,  "W.  B.  Jerald,  Edward  Doane,  sitting  P.  N".  G.,   L 


592  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 


P.  Lownsbery,  P.  M.  Gillett,  Byron  Bartlett,  John  F.  Pitts,  G.  E.  Goodrich,  J.  H. 
Geer  and  G.  W.  DaYis.     The  lodge  numbers  sixty  members. 

General  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  August  14,  1875.  The 
officers  and  members  were  as  follows:  A.  M.  Pitts,  C;  0.  D.  Goodenough,  S.  V.  C; 
C.  S.  Kingsley,  J.  V.  C;  F.  M.  Shaw,  0.;  P.  V.  Clark,  0.  D.;  F.  M.  Spencer,  0.  G.; 
M.  D.  Bailey,  A.;  H.  H.  Lamb,  S.  M.;  M.  A.  Cass,  Q.  S.;  A.  J.  Brown,  I.  G.;  E. 
S.  Keen,  0.  G.,  and  M.  L.  Clark,  C.  S.  Kingsley,  Henry  Gaylord,  John  KUey,  H. 

B.  Shaw,  W.  H.  Matt,  J.  S.  Palmer.  Since  the  organization  188  members  have 
been  mustered  in.  The  commanders  have  been  as  follows:  A.  M.  Pitts,  0.  D. 
Goodenough,  H.  H.  Lamb,  H.  C.  Bailey,  M.  L.  Clark,  A.  J.  Brown,  C.  S.  Kingsley, 

C.  H.  Eamsdell,  H.  H.  Horton,  Edward  Doane,  P.  M.  Shaw,  0.  T.  Haight,  H.  B. 
Shaw,  Dr.  Benjamin  Moody,  M.  E.  Goodall  and  W.  B.  Hall.  The  post  has  a  hand- 
somely furnished  hall  in  the  Allen  building. 

General  Mansfield  Corps,  No.  6,  W.  B.  C,  was  organized  March  3,  1890,  with 
the  following  officers  and  members:  Esther  M.  Doane,  P.;  Prances  E.  Peterson, 
S.  V.  P.;  Maxtha  E.  Shaw,  J.  V.  P.;  Jennie  L.  Kingsley,  S.;  Celia  C.  Shaw,  T.; 
Elizabeth  Howe,  C;  Alice  M.  Ingalls,  C;  Mina  M.  Parker,  A.  S.;  Mary  J.  Pitts, 
G.;  Piuby  A.  Daily,  G.;  and  Adelia  L.  Moody,  Rene  Dalton,  Jennie  "Welch.  This 
corps  now  numbers  thirty  members. 

The  Mansfield  Club  was  organized  January  14, 1896,  with  the  following  officers: 
Edward  H.  Ross,  P.;  John  P.  Breidinger,  Y.  P.;  Leon  S.  Channell,  S.,  and  Wilmot 

D.  Husted,  T.  This  club,  which  is  a  social  organization,  has  handsomely  furnished 
rooms  in  the  opera  house  block.  Its  membership  is  made  up  of  the  representative 
business  and  professional  men  of  Mansfield. 

Tioga  Valley  Grange,  No.  918,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  February  16,  1890,  with, 
thirty-one  charter  members.  The  first  officers  were  J.  P.  Pitts,  M.;  J.  E.  Rose,  0.; 
Byron  Bartlett,  L.;  Edwin  Allen,  S.;  C.  H.  Horton,  A.  S.;  W.  W.  Inscho,  C;  W. 
B.  Jerald,  T.;  Byron  J.  Costley,  Sec;  S.  McConnell,  G.  K.;  Mary  E.  Bartlett,  C; 
Julia  E.  Sturdivant,  P.;  Estelle  Clark,  P.;  Nettie  Allen,  L.  A.  S.  The  present 
membership  of  the  lodge  is  ninety-six,  and  it  embraces  many  of  the  leading  farmers 
of  Richmond  township.     The  meeting  place  is  Allen's  hall,  in  Mansfield. 

Among  the  other  societies  in  the  borough  ^.re  Fidelity  Union,  ISTo.  333,  E.  A. 
TJ.,  organized  June  11, 1881;  the  Knights  of  Sobriety,  Fidelity  and  Integrity,  organ- 
ized June  5, 1894,  and  AUadin  Tent,  ISTo.  230,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  organized  in  the  summer 


of  1895. 


x^V     C^<^i::z.'<^t.c^^ 


CHAPTEE  L. 

COVINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Original  and  Present  Area— Drainage  and  Physical  Features 
— Population— Early  Settlers— Early  and  Later  Enterprises— Schools — 
Postmasters  and  Justices— Churches,  Cemeteries  and  Societies. 


COVINGTON  township  was  organized  in  February,  1815,  and  was  taken  from 
Tioga  township.  Its  original  bonndaries  included  the  township  of  Eiehmond, 
the  southern  portion  of  Eutland,  all  of  Sullivan,  Ward,  Union,  Hamilton  and  Bloss, 
the  greater  part  of  Liberty  and  the  borough  of  Blossburg.  As  at  present  constituted 
it  is  about  eight  and  a  quarter  miles  from  east  to  west,  by  four  and  a  half  from  north 
to  south,  and  contains  about  thirty-seven  square  miles.  The  Tioga  river  crosses 
its  southern  boundary  line,  about  a  mile  and  a  quarter  east  of  the  center,  and  pur- 
sues a  slightly  winding  course  almost  due  north  through  the  township.  About 
one-third  of  the  area  of  the  township  lies  to  the  east  and  two-thirds  to  the  west  of 
the  river.  The  tributaries  of  the  river  within  the  township  are  Barber  run,  which 
flows  from  the  east  and  unites  with  it  within  the  Covington  borough  limits;  Marvin, 
or  Copp  Hollow  rim,  as  it  is  also  called,  which  flows  from  the  west,  and  unites  with 
it  above  the  borough;  Howland  run  and  Elk  run,  both  of  which  flow  from  the  west, 
the  confluence  of  the  former  being  within  the  borough  limits  and  of  the  latter  near 
the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  township.  Canoe  Camp  creek  pursues  a  north- 
west course  through  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  and  East  creek  a  south- 
western course  through  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township.  The  entire  township 
is  hilly,  the  southern  portion  especially  being  rugged  and  rocky.  North,  however, 
of  the  mouth  of  Marvin  r\m,  the  hills  assume  a  gentler  slope,  and  are,  as  a  rule,  imder 
cultivation.  Here  and  there  a  place  too  steep  for  ploughing  is  found,  and  is  used 
as  a  sheep  range.  Richly  fertile  and  well-cultivated  farms  are  to  be  found  along 
the  river  and  in  the  valleys  of  the  creeks.  The  forests  of  pine  and  hemlock  which 
taxed  the  energies  of  the  early  pioneers  have  disappeared,  except  in  isolated  areas 
of  a  few  acres.  So  long  as  they  lasted  they  furnished  employment  for  lumbermen 
and  for  saw-mills,  the  last  of  which  disappeared  from  the  township  years  ago. 

Covington  is  now  one  of  the  best  agricultural  townships  in  the  county.  Its 
growth  has  been  constant,  and  its  material  prosperity  has  kept  pace  with  its  increase 
in  population.     In  1870  it  had  811  inhabitants;  in  1880,  1,134,  and  in  1890, 1,133. 

EARLY  SETTLERS. 

To  Aaron  Bloss  belongs  the  honor  of  being  the  pioneer  settler  of  Covington 
township.  He  came  from  Chenango  county,  New  York,  in  July,  1801,  and  located 
about  two  miles  below  what  is  now  Covington  borough.  After  remaining  a  year 
he  removed  to  Peter's  Camp,  on  the  site  of  Blossburg,  where  he  kept  hotel  until 
1835,  in  which  year  he  returned  to  Covington.     Here  he  kept  hotel  in  a  building 


594  HISTOKY      OJF      TIOGA     COUNTY. 

near  the  southwest  corner  of  the  public  square,  until  a  short  time  before  his  death, 
March  24,  1843.  This  building  was  torn  down  in  the  fall  of  1895.  His  remains 
and  those  of  his  wife,  who  died  April  17,  1839,  repose  in  the  cemetery  south  of  Cov- 
ington borough.  The  next  to  settle  was  David  demons,  who  located  three  miles 
south  of  Covington  borough,  near  the  southern  line  of  the  township,  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  W.  J.  Eichards.  He  came  from  Vermont  in  1806,  and  was  the  first 
person  to  mine  Blossburg  coal  for  shipment,  hauling  an  occasional  load  overland 
to  Painted  Post. 

Aaron  Gillett,  who  settled  in  Tioga  township  in  1798,  removed  to  Cherry  Flats 
about  1804.  L.  L.  Washburn,  now  a  resident  of  Soaring  Branch,  says  his  father 
cleared  the  land  at  Cherry  Flats,  before  1806,  on  which  Levi  Elliott,  who  came  into 
the  township  in  1808,  settled  in  1813.  Elijah  Putnam,  a  native  of  Worcestei 
county,  Massachusetts,  came  from  Langdon,  Cheshire  county,  Massachusetts,  in 
1809,  and  settled  east  of  the  borough,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  John  Cleveland. 
Asahel  Graves  came  in  1811,  from  Peru,  Bennington  county,  Vermont,  and  settled 
on  Elk  run.  Tilly  Marvin  came  in  1817  from  New  Hampshire  and  settled  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  near  the  mouth  of  Marvin  creek.  He  was  four  times  mar- 
ried, and  was  the  father  of  twenty-four  children.  Abotit  1825  Ephraim  B. 
Gerould,  a  native  of  Newtown,  Connecticut,  settled  just  east  of  the  borough.  Among 
other  early  settlers  were  John  Copp,  who  located  in  "Copp  Hollow,"  west  of 
Tilly  Marvin;  Alonzo  Eeddington,  James  Pettis,  Jonathan  Jennings,  Isaac  Bliss 
and  Abraham  Johnson,  who  settled  on  Elk  run.  Mr.  Bliss  was  the  father  of  P. 
P.  Bliss,  the  celebrated  evangelist,  who  lost  his  life  in  the  railroad  disaster  at  Ashta- 
bula, Ohio,  December  30,  1876.  The  early  settlers  along  the  State  road  were  Nor- 
man Rockwell  and  Avery  Gillett.  John  Jaquish  settled  on  Canoe  Camp  creek, 
near  the  Eichmond  township  line,  in  1838,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son, 
Charles  Jaquish.  About  1830  Lyman  and  Calvin  Frost  settled  on  Canoe  Camp 
creek,  east  of  Covington  borough.  Their  brothers,  Samuel,  James  and  Elias,  came 
later.  These  five  brothers  were  the  foimders  of  the  "Frost  Settlement."  They 
have  left  numerous  descendants.  After  1830  the  township  filled  up  rapidly,  the 
valleys  of  the  river  and  creeks  being  the  first  to  be  cleared  and  cultivated. 

EAELY  AND  LATER  BNTEEPEISES. 

In  1823  Daniel  Harkness  erected  a  distillery  on  the  hillside  east  of  the  Glass 
Works.  This  he  appears  to  have  disposed  of  a  year  later  to  Isaac  Walker,  Jr.  It 
was  discontinued  in  1836.  In  1834  Daniel  Harkness  erected  a  grist-mill  on  the 
Tioga  river,  south  of  the  borough  limits.  In  1834  the  mill  was  transferred  to 
James  Husted,  who  operated  it  until  1837,  when  it  became  the  property  of  Isaac 
Baker,  who  was  succeeded  by  Israel  L.  Wells  in  1840,  who  ran  it  until  1842  when 
it  became  the  property  of  Joseph  Hubbell.  It  was  burned  soon  afterward,  and  on 
Its  site  Mr.  Hubbell  erected  a  large  three-story  mill.  This  mill  was  aiterwards 
operated  by  D.  S.  Diffenbaugh  and  by  Evans  &  Brown.  It  was  also  destroyed  by 
fire.  In  1873  the  present  mill,  which  is  operated  by  C.  F.  King,  was  erected,  on 
a  site  near  the  old  mills.  It  is  a  water-power  mill,  devoted  to  custom  grinding 
T  .  t!^?  factory  was  erected  in  1834,  near  the  grist-mill,  by  William  Hagenbach, 
In  1836  he  disposed  of  it  to  George  C.  Kress.     In  1837  a  saw-mill  was  erected  and 


COYINGTON     TOWNSHIP.  595 


operated  in  connection  with  the  factory.  It  is  related  that  the  sash  made  in  this 
factory  were  hauled  overland  to  Pine  creek,  and  rafted  down  that  stream  to  Wil- 
liamsport  and  below.  This  was  in  addition  to  shipments  by  railroad  into  southern 
New  York.  In  1846  the  enterprise  was  assessed  to  Weatherbee  &  Kress,  who  car- 
ried it  on  until  1848,  when  D.  S.  &  W.  H.  Ireland  became  the  owners.  A  year  later 
D.  S.  Ireland  became  sole  owner  and  carried  it  on  for  a  number  of  years. 

In  1837  Lyman  Frost  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Canoe  Camp  creek,  in  the  "Frost 
Settlement."  This  he  operated  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1839  Boyd  &  Cleaver 
erected  a  saw-mill  near  the  mouth  of  Elk  run.  In  this  mill  oak  plank,  seventy  to 
eighty  feet  in  length,  for  use  in  building  canal  boats,  were  sawed.  After  Mr.  Boyd's 
death,  in  1843,  the  mill  became  the  property  of  Edwin  Dyer.  He  ran  it  until  1848, 
when  it  was  turned  into  a  tannery,  operated  by  Edward  Milliken  and  Nathan 
Gitchell.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  1851.  In  1839  Asahel  Culver  built  a 
saw-mill  on  Elk  run,  just  below  Cherry  Flats,  and  in  1841  erected  a  grist-mill. 
These  mills  were  sold  to  Joel  Beebe,  who  ran  the  grist-mill  until  about  1853  and 
the  saw-mill  until  1863  or  1863.  In  1843  Joseph  Jaquish  erected  a  saw-mill  on 
Canoe  Camp  creek,  near  the  Eichmond  township  line.  This  he  ran  for  several  years. 
Levi  ElHott  and  his  sons,  N.  A.  and  Levi  H.  Elliott,  built  a  saw-mill  at  Cherry 
Flats,  which  they  ran  about  ten  years.  The  "Elk  Horn  mill"  was  erected  on  Elk 
run,  on  the  Eockwell  place,  about  1847,  by  Francis  Weatherbee,  Benjamin  Kress 
and  Orrin  Day  "Weeks.  It  was  operated  until  about  1870.  About  1854  a  saw-mill 
was  erected  just  above  the  Edwin  Klock  place,  by  Abraham  Johnson  and  Thomas 
Goodenow.  It  was  operated  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1853  Irving  Harkness  estab- 
lished a  tannery  at  Cherry  Flats,  which  he  operated  until  1854. 

Tlie  Covington  Glass  Works  were  erected  in  1850  by  David  Hurlbut,  south  of 
the  borough.  After  being  operated  by  many  owners,  they  passed  into  the  control 
of  Hirseh,  Ely  &  Company,  of  Blossburg,  abotit  1880,  and  were  carried  on  by  them 
for  about  ten  years.  For  the  past  five  years  the  works  have  been  operated  by  a  com- 
pany composed  of  citizens  of  Covington.  A  fine  quality  of  window  glass  is  manu- 
factured, and  employment  given  to  about  fifty  persons. 

SCHOOLS. 

Previous  to  the  enactment  of  the  public-school  law  in  1835,  the  schools  of  the 
township  were  supported  by  subscription.  The  first  school  houses  were  log  struc- 
tures, crude  in  construction  and  primitive  in  appointments.  Among  the  earliest 
were  those  erected  in  the  Frost  Settlement,  in  Copp  Hollow,  at  Cherry  Flats  and 
at  "West  Covington.  After  the  pubhc  school  law  went  into  effect  the  township  was 
divided  into  districts,  and  a  better  class  of  school  houses^  erected.  As  the  township 
increased  in  population  the  original  districts  were  sub-divided,  until  in  1896  there 
were  thirteen  districts,  in  which  school  is  maintained  dming  six  months  of  the  year. 
Good  teachers,  generally  graduates  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  are 
employed,  and  good  wages  paid.  The  schools  rank  among  the  best  public  schools 
of  the  county. 


596  HISTOEY     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

POSTMASTEES    AXD    JUSTICES. 

The  postoffice  of  West  Covington,  the  only  one  in  the  township,  was  established 
in  1869.  Edwin  Kloek  was  postmaster  until  July,  1875,  when  Prancis  Kelley,  the 
present  incumbent,  was  appointed.  The  offiee  is  located  in  the  Elk  Eun  valley,  two 
miles  and  a  half  northeast  of  Cherry  Plats,  on  the  stage  route  between  Wellsboro  and 
Mansfield. 

The  following  named  persons  have  held  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
township:  John  Gray,  1816;  re-appointed,  1835;  Eli  Critchell,  1819;  Isaac  Dewey, 
1832;  John  Cochran,  1824;  Ebenezer  Eipley,  1834;  John  Marvin,  1835;  re- 
appointed, 1835;  Almon  Allen,  1837;  Ephraim  B.  G-erould,  1837;  Thomas  Dyer, 
1837;  James  C.  Turner,  1838;  John  Shafiier,  1838;  Thomas  Putnam,  1830;  re- 
elected, 1845;  David  Hazzard,  1830;  Eufus  Smith,  1831;  Dajiiel  N.  Hunt,  1833; 
Martin  Eobinson,  1833;  Alanson  Miller,  1834;  Solon  Eichards,  1835;  William 
Hill,  1835;  Alfred  Eipley,  1836;  Evan  Harris,  1837;  Edwin  Dyer,  1838;  re-elected, 
1840;  Isaac  Drake,  1838;  Benjamia  Kress,  1845;  George  Knox,  1850;  Calvin 
Newell,  1850;  Josiah  Graves,  1851;  Eichard  Videan,  1853;  N.  A.  Elliott,  185G; 
James  T.  Prost,  1859;  N.  A.  Elliott,  1861;  S.  P.  Eichards,  1864;  re-elected,  1875; 
Silas  S.  Eockwell,  1866;  11.  G.  Martin,  1867;  re-elected,  1872,  1877,  1883;  Joseph 
Whiting,  1869;  S.  C.  Watkins,  1883;  re-elected,  1887;  J.  B.  Pord,  1887;  re-elected, 
1893;   Charles  Jaquish,  1890. 

CHUECHES,    CEMETEEIES    AND    SOCIETIES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Cherry  Flats  originated  in  a  class 
formed  about  thirty  years  ago.  On  June  9,  1877,  the  society  was  incorporated,  the 
incorporators  being  D.  G.  Edwards,  S.  H.  Wood,  Thomas  E.  Bowen,  George  Cramer 
and  H.  G.  Martin.  In  1878  the  present  church  building  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated. The  church  has  been  in  the  East  Charleston  charge  since  its  organization 
and  is  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  church  at  East  Charleston,  or  Whitneyville.  It 
maintains  a  well  attended  Sunday-school   and  has  a  large  membership. 

The  Second  Adventist  Church  owns  a  neat  building  in  Cherry  Plats.  The  mem- 
bers are  residents  of  the  western  part  of  Covington  and  eastern  part  of  Charleston. 
A  Sunday-school  is  also  maintained.     Adjoining  the  church  is  a  cemetery. 

The  Covington  Cemetery,  just  south  of  the  borough,  is  the  resting  place  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  borough  and  vicinity.  The  first  interments  were  made  here 
about  1835.  Here  repose  the  remains  of  Aaron  Bloss  and  Euah  (Lownsbury)  Bloss, 
his  wife,  of  Isaac  Walker,  Ephraim  B.  Gerould  and  other  early  settlers. 

The  Gray  Cemetery  was  established  in  1881  on  the  Victor  Gray  place,  west  of 
the  river.  The  first  body  jpuried  here  was  that  of  Charles  Gray,  a  son  of  the  owner 
of  the  ground.     This  cemetery  is  neatly  fenced  and  well  taken  care  of. 

The  cemetery  on  the  Lewis  farm,  on  Elk  run,  has  been  used  as  a  burial  place 
for  many  years.  It  is  about  a  half  mile  east  of  West  Covingion. .  The  remains  of 
a  number  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  Elk  Eun  valley  are  buried  here. 

Societies.— CoYington  Borough  Grange,  No.  1016,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized 
March  7,  1891,  and  now  numbers  twenty-seven  members.  It  met  in  Covington 
borough  until  December,  1894,  when  the  place  of  meeting  was  changed  to  the  resi- 
dence of  Bradley  Wilkins,  near  West  Covington.  There  is  also  a  large  and  pros- 
perous grange  in  the  Frost  Settlement. 


CHAPTEE  LI. 

COVINGTON  BOEOUGH. 

Location  and  Surroundings— Population— Early  Settlers— Manufacturing 
Enterprises— Early  Hotel  Keepers  and  Merchants— Borough  Organiza- 
tion AND  Officials— Postmasters  and  Physicians— Newspapers— Schools- 
Churches  and  Secret  Societies. 


COVINGTON  borough^  created  in  May,  1831,  was  taken  from  Covington  town- 
ship, and  is  one  of  the  oldest  boroughs  in  the  county.  It  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Tioga  river,  the  valley  of  which  is  between  one-half  and  three-fourths  of 
a  mile  wide  here,  and  nearly  level,  affording  an  excellent  site  for  even  a  much  larger 
place  than  the  borough  has  grown  to  be.  The  area  embraced  within  the  borough 
limits  is  less  than  a  square  mile,  the  residence  portion  of  the  place  extending  on  the 
south  into  the  township.  The  public  square  and  business  center  is  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Williamson  road,  which  runs  north  and  south,  and  the  State  road,  which  runs 
east  and  west.  The  former  road  was  cut  through  the  Tioga  valley  in  1793-93,  and 
the  latter  from  Towanda,  Bradford  county,  to  Wellsboro,  in  1808.  At  the  crossing 
of  these  roads  the  village  grew,  taking  the  name  of  "Covington  Four  Comers."  The 
tide  of  travel  being  over  these  two  great  thoroughfares,  it  soon  became  a  place  of  im- 
portance and  was  at  one  time  the  largest  village  in  the  county,  having  no  less  than 
three  hotels,  besides  several  stores,  shops,  mills,  etc.  After  the  completion  of  the 
Tioga  railroad  in  1840,  it  was  the  point  from  which  freight  for  Wellsboro  was  shipped 
overland,  and  continued  so  until  the  building  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad  to  the 
latter  place.  Though  lacking  much  of  the  bustle  and  activity  of  former  years, 
it  is  still  a  good  business  point,  being  in  the  midst  of  a  rich,  well-cultivated, 
prosperous  and  productive  portion  of  the  county.  In  1870  it  had  315  inhabitants; 
in  1880,  343,  and  in  1890,  496. 

EABLT  SBTTLEES. 

Sherman  Day  in  his  "Historical  Collections  of  Pennsylvania"  says: 

Mr.  [Isaiah]  Washburn,  Mr.  Elijah  Putnam  and  Mr.  Mallory  settled  at  Covington 
"corners"  previous  to  1806.  Mr.  [Aaron]  Bloss  and  Mr.  [Josiah]  Hovey  had  settled  about 
the  year  1801  two  miles  below.  Mr.  Sackett  also  lived  near  the  same  place.  The  land  titles 
were  for  a  long'  time  in  dispute  between  Connecticut  and  Pennsylvania  claimants. 
When  at  last  they  were  settled  in  favor  of  Pennsylvania,  or  "  Pennamites,"  as  the  "  Con- 
necticut Boys  "  called  them,  Mr.  William  Patton  came  in  as  their  agent  and  laid  out  the 
town,  about  the  year  1823,  and  started  a  store  and  tavern.  For  some  years  the  place  in- 
creased very  slowly  and  was  known  as  the  corners.  In  1831  it  assumed  the  dignity  of  a 
borough. 

The  first  person  to  settle  permanently  on  what  afterwards  became  the 
borough  site,  was  Elijah  Putnam,  who  bought  a  tract  of  land,  partly  within  and 
partly  east  of  the  borough  limits.     Peter  Kelts,  who  had  previously  located  at 


598  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

Mansfield,  came  soon  after  Elijah  Putnam,  whose  daughter,  Sally,  he  married 
January  1,  1818.  Isaac  Walker  came  from  Sew  Hampshire  in  1813,  reaching  the 
borough  site  July  4.  He  settled  on  the  farm  west  of  the  river  now  owned  by 
Charles  Howland.  John  Conrad  Youngman,  the  first  hotel  keeper,  came  before 
1813.  The  house  kept  by  him  stood  on  the  northwest  comer  of  the  square. 
Christopher  Huntington,  the  first  blacksmith,  was  here  as  early  as  1814  or  1815. 
His  name  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  the  latter  year.  Elijah  Gaylord  came 
in  1830,  and  located  near  the  old  sash  factory.  He  afterward  removed  to  Bloss- 
burg,  where  he  passed  the  reinaining  years  of  his  life.  Samuel  Barber  came  in 
1825.  He  kept  the  hotel,  established  by  Youngman,  for  a  number  of  years. 
Ephraim  B.  Gerould,  a  native  of  Newtown,  Connecticut,  came  about  1835.  He 
built  the  first  saw-mill  in  the  borough  and  became  prominent  as  a  lumberman 
and  merchant. 

In  1820  Thomas  Dyer  came  from  Amherst,  New  Hampshire,  and  settled  in 
the  southern  part  of  Eichmond  township.  About  1835  he  moved  his  family  to 
Covington.  His  son,  Edwin,  soon  afterward  opened  a  store  here  and  became  the 
leading  merchant  and  foremost  citizen  of  the  place.  In  1837  Ira  Patehen  came 
from  Bath,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  and  opened  a  gunsmith  shop,  continuing 
in  business  until  his  death,  April  11,  1895. 

The  above  named  were  the  principal  settlers  during  the  earlier  years  of  the 
borough's  history.  Others  there  were  who  came  and  remained  temporarily,  be- 
longing to  the  restless  class,  who  followed  up  the  pioneers,  and  found  more  interest 
and  excitement  in  making  new  locations  than  in  settling  down  permanently  in 
any  one  place.  They  belonged  to  a  large  class  who  have  left  but  a  fleeting  memory 
behind  them,  but  who  were,  nevertheless,  adventurous  and  daring,  if  not  at  all 
times  as  enterprising  and  industrious  as  those  who  remained  and  assisted  in  the 
upbuilding  of  town  and  country. 

MANtJFACTUEING    ENTEEPEISES. 

The  assessment  list  of  Covington  township  for  1818  shows  that  William  Pat- 
ton,  proprietor  of  much  of  the  land  now  embraced  within  the  borough  limits,  was 
the  owner  of  a  saw-mill.  The  exact  location  of  this  mill  cannot  now  be  de- 
termined. It  stood  in  Mr.  Patton's  name  until  1819,  when  it  appears  to  have 
been  transferred  to  Peter  Kelts,  son-in-law  of  Major  Elijah  Putnam.  He  was 
succeeded  as  owner,  in  1823,  by  Thomas  Prosser,  who  owned  it  until  1825,  when 
it  disappears  from  the  assessment  list  altogether.  In  1823  Hiram  Thomas,  "tan- 
ner and  currier,"  located  within  the  borough,  and  in  1830,  established  a  "tan 
yard,"  to  which  he  added  the  business  of  shoe  making  in  1831.  He  operated  it 
until  1833.  A  tannery  was  established  on  the  site  of  the  postoffice  building  in 
1830,  by  George  Knox,  Sr.,  in  which  his  son,  George  Knox,  Jr.,  worked  as 
"tanner  and  currier."  In  1839  this  tannery  became  the  property  of  John  G. 
Boyd,  S.  S.  Cleaver  and  L.  C.  Levalley.  After  Mr.  Boyd's  death,  in  February, 
1842,  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  the  business  discontinued.  In  1843 
L.  C.  Levalley  and  Ephraim  B.  Gerould  erected  a  tannery  near  the  present  saw- 
mill. About  1849  they  sold  it  to  Isaac  Berry  and  Thomas  Jones,  who  carried  it 
on  until   1868,  when  it  shut  down.      In  1830  John   Gray,  who  had   one-haK 


COVINGTON      BOROUGH.  599 


interest,  Pliny  Buit  and  Ephraim  B.  Gerould,  each  having  one-fourth  interest, 
erected  a  saw-mill  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  where  the  present  mill  now  stands. 
Within  a  year  Mr.  Gerould  acquired  Burr's  interest.  Gray's  interest  was  ac- 
quired by  Eichard  Videan,  who  soon  sold  to  Edwin  Dyer.  Mr.  Gerould  appears  to 
have  acquired  Mr.  Dyer's  interest,  and  to  have  operated  the  mill  until  his  death 
in  1845,  after  which  his  son,  Otis  G.  Gerould,  carried  on  the  business  until  1879, 
when  H.  S.  Pick  purchased  the  mill.  He  sold  it  a  few  years  later  to  Lorenzo 
Doud,  the  present  owner.  Three  mills  have  been  destroyed  by  fire  on  this  site. 
The  one  now  standing  was  erected  in  1866.  It  is  a  water-power  mill,  with  an  old- 
fashioned,  upright  saw,  and  is  devoted  to  sawing  for  local  demand. 

In  1831  James  Weeks  established  a  fulling-mill  between  the  old  Knox  tan- 
nery and  the  river.  This,  a  few  years  later,  developed  into  a  woolen  factory.  In 
1837  Edwin  Dyer  and  E.  B.  Gerould  acquired  the  property,  which,  in  1839,  was 
purchased  by  John  G.  Boyd.  After  Mr.  Boyd's  death,  in  1842,  the  enterprise  ap- 
pears to  have  been  discontinued.  About  1843  Asa  Crandall  erected  a  factory  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  borough  for  the  manufacture  of  furniture,  making  a 
specialty  of  bedsteads.  He  carried  on  the  enterprise  until  a  short  time  before 
his  death,  in  1850.  In  1845  Edwin  Dyer  erected  a  building,  intended  for  a 
foundry,  beside  the  railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  State  road.  The  depot  burned 
that  year,  and  the  building  has  since  been  used  as  a  passenger  and  freight  station. 
The  idea  of  starting  a  foundry  was  abandoned.  About  this  time,  also,  James 
Weeks  established  a  woolen  factory,  between  the  old  Boyd  &  Cleaver  tannery  and 
the  river.  This  was  run  successfully  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1866  George  A. 
Spring  came  to  Covington  from  Washington,  D.  C,  and  established  a  bottling 
works  in  the  building  now  occupied  by  Eobinson  &  Morris.  A  few  years  later 
his  father-in-law,  Jacob  Hartman,  became  associated  with  him,  and  the  business 
has  since  been  carried  on  under  the  firm  name  of  Hartman  &  Spring.  They 
manufacture  soda  and  mineral  waters,  and  have  a  large  trade,  especially  in  the 
summer  season.  In  October,  1881,  Bennett  &  Spring  erected  a  fruit  dryer  and 
evaporator,  which  they  operated  up  to  a  few  years  ago,  during  good  fruit  seasons. 
The  uncertainty  of  the  fruit  crop,  however,  lead  to  an  abandonment  of  the  enter- 
prise. The  building  is  now  used  by  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  who  have  recently 
established  a  distributing  station  in  the  borough. 

EARLY    HOTEL    KEEPERS    AND    MERCHANTS. 

About  1815  John  Conrad  Youngman  began  keeping  hotel  in  a  building 
erected  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  square.  Among  those  who  kept  this  house 
after  Mr.  Youngmaja,  were  Samuel  Barber,  who  took  charge  in  1835;  William 
Hagenbach,  P.  E.  Young,  Benjamin  Phillips,  Phineas  Cleaver  and  Thomas 
Graves.  Each  landlord  added  something  to  the  building,  until  in  time  it  became 
a  large  three-story  structure.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  ten  years  ago,  being 
vacant  at  the  time.  About  1819  another  hotel  building,  long  known  as  the  "Salt 
Box,"  was  erected  near  the  southwest  corner  of  the  square.  J.  0.  Pine  kept  this 
hotel  for  many  years.  In  1835  Aaron  Bloss  removed  from  Blossburg  and  resumed 
hotel  keeping  here,  continuing  until  a  short  time  before  his  death,  in  March, 
1843.     It  was  afterwards  kept  by  Phineas  Cleaver  and  James  D.  Husted.     In  the 


600  HISTOET     OE     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

fall  of  1895  the  building  was  torn  down.  A  third  hotel  was  built  west  of  the 
river  by  Elijah  Putnam.  James  Porter  was  the  first  landlord  here.  This  build- 
ing, the  only  survivor  of  the  early  hotels,  is  now  used  as  a  tenement  house.  The 
Bartlett  House,  George  A.  Spring,  landlord,  is  the  only  hotel  in  the  borough  at 
the  present  time.     It  was  erected  by  Edwin  Dyer  for  a  store  building. 

Pliny  Burr,  the  first  merchant,  opened  a  store  in  1830.  He  appears  to  have 
discontinued  business  within  a  year,  and  to  have  resumed  again  in  1835,  in  which 
year,  also,  Benjamin  Kress  opened  a  store.  On  the  assessment  list  of  1837,  Pliny 
Burr  is  marked  "moved."  In  1836  Benjamin  Kress  sold  his  store  to  George  C. 
Kress.  Thomas  Dyer  embarked  in  business  in  1837.  About  1837,  also,  B.  H. 
Taylor  established  a  store.  In  1839  Dyer  sold  to  John  G.  Boyd.  Edwin  Dyer 
began  business  as  a  merchant  in  1841.  In  this  year,  also,  the  mercantile  firm 
of  Packard  &  Tajdor,  consisting  of  Stephen  Packard  and  B.  H.  Taylor,  was  formed. 
It  lasted  but  a  year.  Packard  continued  in  business  alone  for  several  years. 
Henry  W.  Graves  is  assessed  as  a  "merchant"  in  the  list  for  1847.  He  was  rich 
for  those  days,  having  $3,000  at  interest.  0.  P.  Taylor,  who  clerked  for  his 
brother,  B.  H.  Taylor,  embarked  in  business  for  himself  in  1846,  and  afterward 
became  a  partner  with  Edwin  Dyer.  This  partnership  was  afterwards  dissolved, 
each  of  the  pajtners  engaging  in  business  for  himself,  Mr.  Dyer  continuing  until 
his  death,  in  1879.  John  Calvin  Bennett  embarked  in  business  in  1849,  and 
continued  until  his  death,  January  31,  1889,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
A.  M.  Bennett,  now  superintendent  of  the  Elmira  Glass  Works,  Elmira,  New 
York.  This  store  is  now  conducted  by  Eobinson  &  Morris,  as  the  successors  of 
Bennett  &  Eobinson. 

BOEOUGH    OEGANIZATION    AND    OFFICIALS. 

The  borough  of  Covington  was  created  at  the  May  term  of  the  court,  of  quarter 
sessions  in  1831,  at  which  terni  the  borough  of  Lawrenceville  was  also  created. 
The  first  ofiieers  were,  John  Gray,  burgess;  Nathan  Paul,  Abiel  E.  Eussell,  Hiram 
Thomas,  Ephraim  B.  Gerould  and  Abner  Newland,  councilmen,  and  Calvin  M. 
Newland,  constable.  Eegular  borough  elections  were  held  and  borough  officers 
elected  until  1834,  the  burgesses  being  James  Weeks,  1833;  Tilly  Marvin,  1833, 
and  Harmon  Whitehead,  1834.  From  1834  to  1851  the  charter  of  the  borough 
lapsed.  It  was  revived  in  the  latter  year,  since  which  time  the  following-named 
persons  have  filled  the  office  of  burgess:  William  C.  Webb,  1853;  George  Knox, 
1853;  I.  C.  Bennett,  1854;  Edwin  Dyer,  1855:  Thomas  Putnam,  1856;  H.  M. 
Gould,  1857-58;  Edwin  Dyer,  1859;  Ira  Patchen,  1860;  John  C.  Bennett,  1861; 
Leonard  Palmer,  1863;  P.  P.  Piitnam,  1863-64;  Leonard  Palmer,  1865;  0.  G. 
Gerould,  1866-67;  A.  M.  Bennett,  1868-69;  Jacob  Hari;man,  1870;  E.  B.  Deeker, 
1871-73;  A.  M.  Bennett,  1873;  Charles  Howland,  1874;  T.  B.  Putnam,  1875; 
E.  K.  Skinner,  1876;  A.  M.  Bennett,  1877;  0.  G.  Gerould,  1878;  W.  H.  Lamkin, 
1879;  S.  Blanchard,  1880;  Edwin  Klock,  1881;  J.  M.  Hoagland,  1883;  T.  B. 
Putnam,  1883;  A.  M.  Bennett,  1884-85;  H.  S.  Pick,  1886;  P.  M.  Putnam,  1887; 
E.  E.  Phelps,  1888;  Joshua  Ingalls,  1889;  George  Eidge,  1890;  John  Kendriek, 
1891-93;   0.  G.  Gerould,  1894-96,  and  G.  S.  Harding,  elected  in  1897. 

Since  the  re-organization  of  the  borough,  in  1851,  the  office  of  justice  of 


COTINQTON      BOEOXJGH.  601 


the  peace  has  been  held  by  the  following  named  persons:  Eiehard  Videan,  1852; 
Stephen  S.  Packard,  1855;  re-elected,  1860,  1865,  1870,  1875;  Ira  Patchen, 
1856;  re-elected,  1861;  Edwin  Dyer,  1866;  re-elected,  1871;  Joseph  0.  Price, 
1875;  J.  P.  Walker,  1877;  0.  G.  Gerould,  1879;  re-elected,  1884;  L.  B.  Smith, 
1881;  re-elected,  1886;  S.  D.  Forrest,  1889;  Colin  B.  Clark,  1891;  Augustus 
Eedfield,  1892,  and  John  E.  Brown,  1895. 

POSTltASTEBS     AKD     PHYSICIANS. 

Thomas  Putnam,  the  first  postmaster  of  Covington,  was  appointed  in  1822. 
He  held  the  office  until  1826.  His  successor,  Ephraim  B.  Gerould,  continued  in 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  1845,  when  Edwin  Dyer  was  appointed.  His  suc- 
cessors have  been  George  Knox,  David  Caldwell,  who  held  the  office  from  1857  to 
1861;  Julius  Doane,  who  served  for  over  twenty  years;  Eloyd  E.  Phelps,  and  Miss 
Isabella  T.  Dyer,  who  was  appointed  in  July,  1889. 

The  name  of  "Hyram  Cannon,  physician,"  appears  upon  the  assessment  list 
of  1816,  as  does,  also,  that  of  Stillman  Caanon,  afterwards  a  practicing  physician 
at  Mansfield  and  Mainesburg.  It  is  presumed  they  both  lived  at  Mansfield,  and 
that  Hiram  included  Covington  in  his  practice.  His  name  is  missing  from  the 
assessment  list  of  1818.  Dr.  Pliny  Power,  a  pioneer  physician  of  Lawrenceville 
and  Tioga,  located  in  Mansfield  in  1819,  and  included  Covington  in  his  practice. 
Dr.  Hiram  Whitehead  located  in  the  borough  in  1831  and  practiced  for  a  few 
years  and  then  devoted  himself  to  farming.  Dr.  George'  Spratt_  came  in  1835 
and  practiced  several  years.  Dr.  Henry  Kilbourn  located  in  the  borough  in  1840, 
and  for  nearly  half  a  century  practiced  in  Covington  and  Blossburg,  residing  at 
different  times  in  each  place.  Dr.  E.  S.  Bobbins,  who  is  still  actively  engaged 
in  practice,  came  in  1856.  Dr.  S.  Banks  came  in  1858,  but  remained  only  a  short 
time.  Dr.  Henry  Kilbourn,  Jr.,  began  practice  in  1859,  and  continued  until  his 
death,  in  1888.  Then  came  Dr.  C.  W.  Hazlett,  Dr.  Smith  and  Dr.  Lewis  Town- 
send.  The  present  resident  physicians  are  Dr.  E.  S.  Eobbins,  Dr.  Philemon  Eum- 
sey,  who  carries  on  a  drug  store,  and  Dr.  S.  A.  Gaskill. 

NEWSPAPEKS. 

In  February,  1888,  S.  D.  Forrest  began  the  publication  of  The  Riverside 
Intelligencer.  It  was  issued  monthly,  and  was  devoted  to  local  affairs,  having, 
also,  well-chosen  selections  for  home  reading.  On  August  17,  1889,  it  was  enlarged 
to  a  seven-column  folio,  and  appeared  under  the  name  of  the  Covington  In- 
telligencer, which  was  issued  weekly  until  Mr.  Forrest's  death,  ISTovember  15, 
1892.  His  widow  sold  the  plant  to  A.  and  C.  C.  Eedfield,  who  issued  the  first 
number  of  the  WeeTcly  Monitor,  February  3,  1893.  In  November,  1895,  C.  C. 
Eedfield  removed  the  paper  to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  On  December  5,  1895, 
I.  E.  Doud  began  the  publication  of  the  Covington  Record,  a  seven-column  folio, 
published  weekly  and  devoted  to  local  interests.  It  suspended  publication  in  the 
fall  of  1896.  On  January  23,  1897,  C.  C.  Eedfield,  former  publisher  of  the 
Weekly  Monitor,  began  the  publication  of  the  Covington  Sun.  It  appears  weekly 
and  is  devoted  to  local  affairs. 


602  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     OOTINTT. 


SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  in  the  borough  was  established  as  early  as  1815,  and  was  sus- 
tained by  subscription.  In  1816  a  one-story  school  building  was  erected  near 
the  site  of  the  present  graded  school  building.  After  being  used  many  years  it 
was  torn  down,  and  a  building,  near  the  site  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  which 
had  been  erected  for  a  store,  was  used  for  school  purposes  until  1868,  when  the 
present  graded  school  building  was  erected.  Until  the  establishment  of  the 
graded  school,  that  portion  of  the  borough  west  of  the  river  was  a  separate  school 
district.  At  the  present  time  three  teachers  are  employed.  There  is  an  average 
of  eight  months  school  each  year.  Among  the  names  of  the  earlier  teachers,  still 
remembered  by  the  living,  are  those  of  Joel  Harkness,  Arminus  Fellows,  Eobert 
Bailey  and  Lucy  Putnam. 

In  1841  Prof.  Julius  Doane  established  a  seminary  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river,  with  Miss  Lucy  Putnam  as  preceptress.  Instruction  was  given  in  the 
languages,  higher  mathematics,  music,  etc.  It  was  maintained  for  three  years 
and  had  an  average  attendance  of  seventy  students. 

CHtTKCHES    AND    SECHET    SOCIETIES. 

The  Church  of  Christ  of  Covington  was  organized  by  Elder  James  Whitehead, 
October  7,  1829,  with  the  following  members:  James  "Whitehead,  Hannah 
Whitehead,  Adam  Empy,  Anna  Empy,  Norman  Lanphear  and  Joshua  Newell. 
Elder  Whitehead  served  as  pastor  until  1835.  His  successors  have  been  James 
Welton,  1838-42;  H.  A.  Pratt,  1842-44;  Ira  Brown,  1844-45;  M.  Buzzell  and 
Calvin  Newell,  1845-48;  Theobald  Miller,  1848-53;  B.  E.  Hurd,  1853-55;  C.  D. 
Kinney,  1855-59;  A.  G.  Hammond,  1859-66;  J.  G.  Encell,  1867-68;  J.  W.  E. 
Stewart,  1869-70;  I.  E.  Spencer,  1870-82;  G.  W.  Headley,  1882-84;  J.  0.  Cutts, 
1884-87;  M.  S.  Blair,  1891,  and  U.  A.  White,  1891-96.  Eev.  Leon  J.  Eeynolds, 
the  present  pastor,  took  charge  in  January,  1897.  On  June  2,  1848,  the  building 
committee  of  the  church  entered  into  a  contract  with  James  Levegood  for  the 
erection  of  a  church  building  on  a  lot  west  of  the  river.  The  building  was  erected 
and  dedicated  January  13,  1849,  being  the  first  house  of  worship  completed  in  the 
borough.  It  is  still  used,  having  been  kept  in  good  repair.  The  church  now 
numbers  160  members,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  county.  There  are  130 
teachers  and  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  the  pastor  is  the  superintendent. 
The  pastors  of  this  church  have  also  served  the  church  at  Canoe  Camp,  in  Eich- 
mond  township. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Covington  was  organized  over  fifty 
years  ago.  Itinerant  Methodist  ministers,  it  is  said,  visited  the  Tioga  valley  and 
preached  in  Covington  as  early  as  1809.  The  pioneer  among  these  was  Eev.  Caleb 
Boyer.  Following  him  came  Eev.  Hiram  G.  Warner  and  Eev.  Caleb  Kendall.  In 
1848  a  church  building  was  erected,  the  class  then  numbering  fifteen  members. 
May  9,  1853,  the  society  was  incorporated,  the  incorporators  being  Joseph  Hubble, 
Eiehard  Videan,  Alonzo  Barber,  Jacob  Whitman  and  L.  E.  Sampson.  Until  1867 
this  church  was  in  the  same  charge  with  the  church  at  Mansfield.  Prom  1867  to 
1884  it  was  in  the  same  charge  with  the  church  at  Blossburg.  Since  1884  it  and 
the  church  at  Lamb's  Creek    have  constituted  one  charge.     The  names  of  the 


COTINGTOK      BOEOUGH.  603 


pastors  are  as  follows:  Ira  Smith,  1841-42;  Enoch  H.  Cramer,  1842-43;  R.  M. 
Reach,  1843-44;  Samuel  Mchols,  1844-45;  William  E.  Pindar,  1845-46;  R.  L. 
Stillwell,  1846-48;  0.  Trowbridge,  1848-50;  W.  C.  Mattison,  1850-51;  A.  H. 
Shurtliff,  1851-52;  W.  Manning,  1852-54;  L.  L.  Rogers,  1854-56;  J.  R.  Jaques, 
1856-57;  H.  N.  Seaver,  1857-58;  R.  L.  Stillwell,  1858-60;  W.  Beach,  1860-61;  W. 
Cochran,  1861-63;  W.  M.  Haskell,  1863-65;  Harvey  Lamkin,  1865-67;  M.  S. 
Kymer,  1867-69;  Harvey  Lamkin,  1870-73;  C.  G.  Lowell,  1873-76;  C.  H.  Wright, 
1876-79;  R.  N.  Leake,  1879-84;  E.  E.  Van  Kenren,  1884-87;  W.  M.  DuBois,  1887- 
89;  F.  H.  Rowley,  1889-91;  D.  L.  Pitts,  1891-94;  Cornelius  Dillenbeek,  1894-95, 
and  W.  B.  Armington,  1895-97.  There  are  ninety  members  in  the  Sunday-school, 
of  which  J.  W.  Bradley  is  the  superintendent.  C.  E.  Barber  is  president  of  the 
Epworth  League,  which  has  a  large  membership. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Covington  was  originally  known  as  "The  Particular 
Baptist  Church  of  Covington."  It  was  organized  September  19,  1840,  at  the 
district  school  house  in  Covington.  The  original  members  were  Rev.  George  Spratt, 
whose  labors  here  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  church;  David  S.  Ireland, 
Samuel  Morgan,  Elizabeth  Spratt,  Mary  Binley,  Chastina  Macomber,  Eliza  Marvin, 
Sarah  P.  Kelts,  Maria  Marvin,  Margaxet  Ireland,  Ann  Morgan  and  Margaret  Harris. 
The  members  met  in  the  school  house  until  about  1855,  when  a  church  edifice  was 
erected  on  Main  street.  A  parsonage  was  erected  in  1882.  The  society  existed 
under  its  old  name  until  about  1861,  when  it  adopted  the  rules  of  faith  and 
practice  of  the  Regular  Baptist  denomination.  The  names  of  those  who  have 
served  this  church  as  pastors,  are  as  follows:  Revs.  George  Spratt,  1839-45; 
Abijah  Sherwood,  1845-50;  Levi  Stone,  1851-52;  D.  P.  Maryatt,  1852-57;  W.  L. 
Reynolds,  1860-65;  G.  P.  Watrous,  1865-72;  E.  L.  Mills,  1875-78;  Ross  Ward, 
1878-81;  S.  F.  Matthews,  1881-83;  A.  Tilden,  1883-86;  E.  J.  Lewis,  1886-87;  G. 
H.  Trapp,  1888-90;  James  Jones,  1893-95,  and  T.  C.  Davis,  1895-96.  The  pastor 
of  this  church  also  serves  the  church  at  Cherry  Flats.  The  Sunday-school  was 
organized  January  1,  1881.  The  present  superintendent  is  F.  M.  Patchen.  There 
is  an  average  attendance  of  100  pupils.  Mr.  Patchen  is  also  president  of  the 
Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Covington  was  organized  July  27,  1841,  by 
Rev.  Julius  Doane,  Rev.  Samuel  Hopkins,  of  Coming,  New  York,  and  Rev. 
Samuel  Storrs  Howe,  of  Painted  Post,  New  York.  The  names  of  the  original 
members  are  as  follows:  Joel  Harkness  and  Hubbard  Clarke,  ruling  elders; 
Mrs.  Etmice  Clarke,  William  Clarke,  Sarah  Clarke,  Silas  C.  Perry,  Lucy  Putnam, 
Mrs.  Eliza  Kress,  Isaac  Baker  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Baker.  This  church  has  been 
served  by  the  following  pastors:  Rev.  Julius  Doane,  1841-42;  Octavius  Fitch, 
1843-44;  E.  B.  Benedict,  1851-54;  L.  K.  Beauge,  1854-57;  Henry  Losch,  1857; 
J.  P.  Calkins,  1868;  J.  A.  Rosseel,  1870-71.  Services  were  suspended  until  ].878, 
when  a  revival  of  interest  resulted  in  giving  new  life  to  the  society.  The  pastors  since 
that  time  have  been  Rev.  George  D.  Meigs,  1878-82;  W.  S.  Carter,  1882-85;  George 
Rodgers,  1885-86;  J.  B.  Woodward,  1889-94,  and  Charles  B.  Hoyt,  who  took 
charge  in  February,  1894.  He  is  also  pastor  of  the  church  at  Mansfield.  The 
society  first  met  in  the  "Seminary"  building,  west  of  the  river.  In  1847  the 
society  was  incorporated    and  a  church  building  erected  on  the  lot  adjoining  the 


604  HISTOKT     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

present  Bartlett  Hotel  on  the  north.  This  building  cost  $1,763.50.  When  it 
was  dedicated  there  was  a  debt  of  $890.50,  the  money  having  been  advanced  by 
Edwin  Dyer,  who  took  a  mortgage  on  the  property.  In  1895  his  heirs  cancelled 
this  debt  and  presented  the  building,  unincumbered,  to  the  society.  Another 
lot  was  purchased  further  south  on  Main  street,  and  the  building  removed  to  it. 
The  church  now  numbers  forty  members.  A  Sunday-school  was  organized 
January  1,  1894.  It  now  numbers  eighty  members.  The  superintendent  is  Miss 
Isabella  T.  Dyer. 

The  Secret  Societies  of  Covington  are  as  follows:  Covington  Lodge,  Wo.  374, 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  instituted  August  10,  1848,  has  a  large  membership,  and  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition.  Emma  Colfax  Lodge,  No.  15,  D.  of  E.,  was  organized 
September  3.3,  1869,  with  forty-seven  charter  members,  and  was  the  pioneer  lodge 
in  the  county.  Covington  Preceptory,  Local  Assembly,  No.  300,  K.  of  L.,  was 
organized  in  September,  1881.  Washington  Camp,  No.  636,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  was 
organized  December  38,  1891^  and  now  contains  forty-two  members. 


CHAPTEE  LII. 

BLOSS  TOWNSHIP. 

Oeganization— Physical  Features— Streams— Forest  Growth— Mineral  De- 
posits—Limited Agriculture— Justices  of  the  Peace— Changes  in  Area  and 
Population— The  Blossbueg  Coal  Company— Arnot  —  Churches  —  Socie- 
ties—Landrus. 


BLOSS  township,  taken  from  Covington  township,  and  named  in  honor  of  Aaron 
Bloss,  the  founder  of  Blossburg,  was  organized  in  June,  1841.  As  originally 
created  it  embraced  the  area  included  in  the  Blossburg  borough  limits,  and  a  large 
portion  of  that  of  Hamilton  township,  the  one  organized  in  August,  1871,  and  the 
other  in  December,  1871.  The  area  included  in  the  present  boundaries  embraces 
about  twenty  square  miles,  being  four  and  three-fourth  miles  from  east  to  west  and 
four  and  one-fourth  miles  from  north  to  south.  The  township  is  rough  and  rugged, 
the  altitude  varying  from  1,400  feet  in  the  Johnson  creek  valley  to  3,000  feet  on  the 
mountain  summits.  The  streams  of  the  township  are  small,  the  principal  ones 
being  Johnson  creek  and  Bellman  run  in  the  east  and  southeast;  Babb's  creek  in 
the  southwest;  Sand  run  in  the  northwest,  and  a  small  unnamed  run  or  branch  in 
the  northeast.  The  original  forest  growth  of  the  township  consisted  principally 
of  pine,  hemlock,  beech,  birch  and  maple.     The  pine  has  been  all  cut  down  and 


BLOSS     TOWNSHIP.  605 


manufactured  into  lumber,  and  the  hemlock  nearly  so.  Large  quantities  of  hemlock 
and  beech  are  also  used  in  the  mines  for  props,  etc.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  area 
of  this  township  is  underlaid  by  three  workable  Yeins  of  semi-bituminous  coal,  known 
as  the  Seymour,  Bloss  and  Bear  Eun  veins.  The  Bloss  vein  is  the  one  that  is  being 
mined  both  at  Arnot  and  Landrus.  There  is  also  an  extensive  deposit  of  fire  clay 
of  the  very  finest  quality,  as  well  as  of  potter's  clay,  and  a  clay  from  which  a  good 
mineral  paint  can  be  manufactujed.  In  all  of  these  resources  the  township  is  ex- 
ceptionally rich. 

"With  the  exception  of  a  limited  area  in  the  northwest  comer,  occupied  by  the 
farms  of  H.  D.  Wood,  J.  E.  and  C.  M.  Henry,  Daniel  Davis,  Selah  Phillips,  "William 
Eeese  and  a  few  others,  the  township  is  composed  of  wild  land,  the  property  of 
the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  whose  business  is  confined  to  the  mining  of  coal,  the 
manufacture  of  lumber,  and  the  shipping  of  tan  bark. 

Although  containing  a  mining  town,  which  at  one  time  had  a  larger  population 
than  any  other  place  in  the  county,  no  effort  to  secure  a  borough  charter  has  ever 
been  made,  and  the  entire  township,  including  the  villages  of  Arnot  and  Landrus, 
is  under  township  government.  The  ofiice  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  as 
follows:  Evan  Harris,  1843;  re-elected,  1845;  Francis  Welch,  1843;  re-elected, 
1845,  1863;  Martin  Stratton,  1844;  John  Evans,  1849;  re-elected,  1854;  George 
Jacquemin,  1850;  John  James,  1854;  re-elected,  1859;  Isaac  M.  Bodine,  1859; 
E.  J.  Bosworth,  1861;  Lewis  B.  Smith,  1866;  re-elected,  1871;  J.  P.  Monell,  1867; 
Eichard  WiUiams,  1869;  Peter  Cameron,  Jr.,  1873;  James  Heffron,  1873;  Matthew 
Waddell,  1874;  Eeuben  E.  Howland,  1874;  David  T.  Evans,  1879;  D.  C.  Waters, 
M.  D.,  1879;  re-elected,  1887,  1892;  Samuel  Heron,  1884;  Jonathan  E.  Hutchin- 
son, 1884;  John  McKay,  1886;  W.  E.  Logan,  1889;  James  Bonnell,  1894,  and 
D.  C.  Waters,  1897. 

In  1871  Blossburg  was  made  a  borough,  and  in  1873  a  part  of  Bloss  township 
went  to  make  up  the  new  township  of  Hamilton.  This  gave  a  reduced  territory  and 
population  in  1880,  the  number  of  inhabitants  being  3,814,  all  but  31  being  resi- 
dents of  Arnot.  In  February,  1883,  the  township  area  was  enlarged  by  the  addition 
to  it  of  that  part  of  Charleston  lying  between  it  and  Duncan.  In  1890  it  contained 
3,550  inhabitants,  of  which  644  resided  on  farms  and  in  the  village  of  Landrus. 

THE     BLOSSBUBG     COAL     COMPANY. 

The  successful  operation  of  the  coal  mines  at  Morris  Eun  and  Fall  Brook,  and 
the  increasing  demand  for  Blossburg  coal — the  name  given  to  the  product  of  these 
mines — drew  the  attention  of  capitalists  to  Tioga  county,  led  to  extended  explora- 
tions in  Bloss  township,  and  to  the  discovery  of  a  large  deposit  of  coal  on  Johnson 
creek,  four  miles  southwest  of  Blossburg.  In  order  to  develop  this  new  coal  field, 
the  Blossburg  Coal  Mining  and  Eailroad  Company  was  formed,  and  was  duly  in- 
corporated April  11,  1866.  The  incorporators  were  Constant  Cook,  John  Arnot, 
Charles  Cook,  Henry  Sherwood,  Franklin  N.  Drake,  Ferral  C.  Dininy,  Henry  H. 
Cook  and  Lorenzo  Webber.  Financially,  this  company  was  a  strong  one,  and  was 
composed  of  men  noted  for  their  energy,  enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

A  tract  of  several  thousand  acres  of  land,  embracing  nearly  the  entire  area  of 
Bloss  township,  having  been  purchased,  preparations  were  made  for  developing  the 


606  HISTOEY     OP     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

new  coal  fields  and  marketing  the  coal.  An  office  was  opened  in  Blossbnrg,  and  a 
wagon  road,  from  the  coal  openings,  cut  through  the  forest  to  the  Williamson  road, 
a  distance  of  two  miles,  for  the  transportation  of  materials  and  supplies  to  the  site 
of  the  new  village,  which  was  named  Draketown,  in  honor  of  Franklin  N".  Drake, 
the  first  president  of  the  company  and  a  leading  spirit  in  the  enterprise.  F.  C. 
Dininy  was  the  general  superintendent;  James  E.  Cameron,  mining  superintendent, 
and  E.  K.  Mandeville  superintendent  of  the  outside  and  lumber  department. 

A  village  site  was  selected  and  cleared,  a  saw-mill  built,  and  Nicholas  Schultz — 
now  the  outside  foreman  of  the  company,  placed  in  charge  as  head  sawyer.  A 
number  of  dwellings  and  a  store  building  were  also  erected.  This  gave  employment 
to  a  large  number  of  woodsmen,  carpenters  and  other  mechanics,  and  created  a  scene 
of  activity,  evidencing  the  earnestness  and  energy  of  the  company.  A  railroad  was 
also  completed  from  Blossburg  during  the  summer  of  1866.  In  the  meantime. 
Drift  No.  1  was  put  in  by  James  E.  Cameron,  John  Dunsmore  and  others.  Drifts 
ISTos.  2,  3,  4  and  5  were  afterwards  opened  under  Mr.  Cameron's  direction.  Drift 
No.  6,  three  miles  southwest,  was  opened  by  J.  J.  Davis,  under  the  direction  of  S. 
B.  Elliott,  and  a  narrow  gauge  railroad  built  to  it  in  1880.  A  weighing  office  was 
established  in  Blossburg,  with  M.  G.  Lewis  as  weighmaster  and  shipping  clerk. 

The  encouraging  results  following  the  opening  of  the  mines  and  of  the  explora- 
tions carried  on  during  1867  and  1868,  led  the  company,  in  the  latter  year,  to 
purchase  the  Tioga  railroad,  extending  from  Lawxenceville  to  Blossburg  and  Morris 
Eun.  This  gave  the  company  thirty-four  miles  of  road,  including  the  four  miles 
from  Blossburg  to  Draketown,  and  connection  with  the  "Erie"  at  Corning,  New 
York. 

In  1868  the  office  of  the  company  was  removed  from  Blossburg.  In  March,  of 
that  year,  H.  J.  Landrus  was  appointed  cashier,  and  in  1874  was  made  manager. 
He  resigned  May  1,  1876,  and  was  succeeded  by  S.  B.  Elliott,  who  resigned  Sep- 
tember 1, 1881,  having  been  promoted  to  chief  engineer.  From  1876  to  1880,  when 
he  resigned,  John  J.  Davis  was  superintendent  of  mines,  during  which  period  he 
re-opened  the  lower  drift,  experimented  with  the  coal  and  demonstrated  its  coking 
qualities.  In  1881  Mr.  Landrus  again  became  manager,  and  held  the  position  until 
1886,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Prank  J.  Lyon.  In  1890  Mr.  Lyon  was  succeeded 
by  the  late  Eichard  T.  Dodson,  who  died  in  December,  1896.  The  present  manager 
is  Edward  E.  Loomis. 

After  the  purchase  of  the  Tioga  railroad,  the  output  of  the  mines  was  largely 
increased,  and  there  was  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  number  of  employes  until 
1882,  when  there  were  1,400  names  on  the  company's  pay  roll.  In  the  summer  of 
1881,  the  Arnot  and  Pine  Creek  Eailroad  Company,  composed  mainly  of  stock- 
holders of  the  Tioga  and  Elmira  State  Line  Eailroad  Company,  was  formed.  The 
officers  of  the  company  were:  L.  H.  Shattuck,  president;  D.  S.  Drake,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  S.  B.  Elliott,  William  Hull,  A.  S.  Spicer,  J.  B.  Niles  and  M.  F. 
Elliott,  directors,  and  Eansom  Dupuy,  chief  engineer.  This  company  built  a 
standard  gauge  railroad  from  Arnot — ^the  new  name  of  Draketown — ^to  Hoytville, 
a  distance  of  twelve  miles.  It  was  completed  in  1883,  in  which  year  the  Blossburg 
Coal  Mining  and  Eailroad  Company  established  a  saw-mill  on  Babb's  creek,  five  miles 
southwest  of  Arnot,  around  which  soon  grew  up  a  village  to  which  the  name  of  Lan- 


BLOSS      TOWNSHIP.  gQ7 


drus  was  given,  in  honor  of  H.  J.  Landrus,  manager  of  the  company.  In  1888  the 
company  opened  up  mines  a  short  distance  above  Landrus,  on  Eabb's  creek. 
These  are  known  as  the  Bear  Eun  mines. 

As  the  result  of  strikes,  the  financial  depression  of  the  last  few  years,  and  the 
opening  up  of  mines  in  other  parts  of  Tioga  and  Clearfield  counties,  the  working 
force  of  the  company  has  decreased  somewhat  and  the  annual  output  of  the  mines 
fallen  off.  When  running  full  force  the  mines  at  Arnot  have  a  production  of  1,400 
tons  of  coal  a  day,  and  those  at  Landrus  635  tons  a  day.  In  1894  the  mines  at  Arnot 
produced  190,035  tons,  and  those  at  Landrus  86,871  tons.  The  manufacture  of 
lumber  and  the  shipping  of  tan  bark  form  an  important  part  of  the  company's 
business.  It  has  a  saw-miU  at  Arnot,  with  a  capacity  of  35,000  to  40,000  feet  of 
lumber  per  day;  one  at  Landrus,  with  60,000  feet  per  day,  and  one  at  Morris — 
including  seven  miles  of  narrow  gauge  railroad — with  50,000  feet  per  day.  The 
mills  at  Landrus  and  Morris  produce  15,000  feet  of  lath  per  day.  A  mill  at  Bloss- 
burg,  producing  20,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day,  was  dismantled  in  the  summer  of 
1895. 

The  officers  and  foremen  at  Arnot  and  Landrus  are  as  follows:  Edward  E. 
Loomis,  successor  to  the  late  Eichard  T.  Dodson,  superintendent;  Frank  H.  Dartt, 
assistant  superintendent;  A.  P.  Eowler,  chief  clerk;  H.  W.  Meyers,  mining  en- 
gineer; Eichard  Simpson,  mining  foreman,  at  Arnot,  and  Joseph  Maxwell,  at 
Landrus;  Mcholas  Schultz,  outside  foreman,  at  Arnot,  and  George  "Watson,  at 
Landrus. 

In  1885  the  control  of  the  roads  owned  by  the  Blossburg  Coal  Mining  and 
Eailroad  Company  passed  into  .the  hands  of  the  "Erie,"  and  were  embraced  under 
the  title  of  "The  Tioga  and  Elmira  State  Line  Eailroad."  At  this  time,  also,  the 
name  of  the  company  was  changed  to  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  the  words 
"Mining  and  Eailroad"  being  dropped. 

AENOT. 

In  1867,  when  Nicholas  Schultz  came  to  Draketown  as  head  sawyer,  there 
were  but  three  houses  in  the  place.  In  the  following  year  a  postoffiee  was  estab- 
lished and  the  name  changed  from  Draketown  to  Arnot,  in  honor  of  John  Arnot,, 
a  well-known  banker  and  financier  of  Elmira,  ISTew  York,  and  one  of  the  incor- 
porators of  the  company.  The  first  postmaster  was  James  E.  Cameron,  and  his 
successors  have  been  Delos  Bodine,  J.  L.  Higgins,  H.  J.  Landrus,  F.  J.  Lyon  and 
P.  H.  Dartt.    Dr.  Charles  S.  Logan  is  the  assistant  postmaster. 

Arnot  increased  rapidly  in  population  and  soon  became  the  largest  place  in 
the  county.  In  1883  it  contained  between  3,500  and  4,000  inhabitants.  School 
houses  and  churches  had  been  erected,  lodges  and  societies  organized,  and  an  indus- 
trious, thrifty  and  prosperous  community  established.  ISTotwithstanding  strikes, 
business  depression,  etc.,  it  still  remains  the  leading  mining  town  in  the  county, 
its  churches,  schools,  lodges  and  other  societies  being  well  maintained. 

Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  mines  a  company  store  was  established.  In 
1873  a  second  building  was  erected  by  the  company  and  leased  to  H.  S.  Drake, 
who  stocked  it  with  drugs,  groceries,  clothing,  etc.  He  died  in  December,  1873, 
and  was  succeeded  by  J.  K.  Tillotson,  of  Elmira,  ISTew  York,  who,  a  few  years  later. 


g08  HISTOEY     OF      TI0G4      COUNTY. 


was  succeeded  by  L.  H.  Drake.  In  1886  W.  W.  Bradbury  became  manager  of  the 
company's  store,  and  in  1891  became  proprietor,  a  recently  enacted  law  making  it 
necessary  for  the  company  to  discontinue  that  branch  of  its  business.  In  1893  the 
W.  W.  Bradbury  Company  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of  both  stores,  Mr.  Bradbury 
retaining  a  half  interest.  He  died  June  1,  1893,  his  widow  succeeding  to  his  in- 
terest. The  name  of  the  company  remains  unchanged.  The  stores  are  now  in  charge 
of  Mack  Scudder  and  Matthew  A.  Blair,  managers.  Mr.  Scudder  took  charge  June 
19,  1893.  Mr.  Blair  entered  the  company's  employ  in  1869;  worked  in  the  mines 
until  September,  1884;  had  charge  of  the  store  at  Landrus  from  1887  until  August, 
1893,  when  he  was  promoted  to  his  present  position.  W.  E.  Logan  was  head  clerk  in 
the  store  devoted  to  dry  goods,  groceries  and  notions,  from  1871  to  1897.  The  drug 
and  clothing  store  is  in  a  separate  building.  The  Amot  Hotel  has  been  in  charge  of 
Frank  H.  "Welch  since  1889.  Mr.  Welch  is  also  engaged  in  the  livery  and  under- 
taking business.  These  enterprises,  with  a  feed-mill  and  a  meat  market,  constitute 
the  leading  business  interests  of  the  village. 

In  1870  Dr.  John  Caldwell  located  in  the  village.  Among  the  physicians  who 
have  succeeded  him  were  Dr.  Byron  Smith,  Dr.  Hunter,  Dr.  H.  L.  Davis,  Dr. 
"William  Caldwell  and  Dr.  "Winsor.  The  profession  is  represented  at  present  by  Dr. 
D.  C.  "Waters  and  Dr.  Charles  S.  Logan. 

As  Amot  grew,  schools  were  established,  until  there  were  four  public  school 
buildings  in  the  village.  In  1890  these  were  replaced  by  a  handsome  graded 
school  building,  two  stories  high,  containing  eight  rooms,  and  costing  $4,000,  in 
which  the  different  schools,  aggregating  600  pupils,  were  consolidated,  and  placed 
under  charge  of  a  principal,  that  position  being  filled  at  present  by  Charles  Frick. 
Among  the  earlier  teachers  were  a  Mr.  Eockwell,  of  Troy,  Pennsylvania,  who  first 
taught  in  a  dweUing;  K.  E.  Howland  and  wife;  Mrs.  David  Mclntyre,  Frederick 
L.  Gray  and  S.  A.  Gaskill,  now  a  physician  of  Covington,  Pennsylvania. 


CHTJECHES. 


The  First  Presbyterian  Church  was  organized  October  22, 1868,  with  the  follow- 
ing members:  James  Ellison  and  wife,  Peter  and  Christina  Cameron,  James  and 
Eoxanna  Cameron,  John  and  Janet  Dunsmore,  Eobert  and  Jane  Baird,  James  and 
Elizabeth  Nelson,  Joseph  and  Ursula  McFeish,  "VVilliam  and  Jane  MclSTeish,  Henry 
and  Jesse  Smedden,  David  and  Ellen  Brown,  "William  and  Catherine  "Watchman, 
and  Mrs.  Agnes  "Waddle.  The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  Mr.  Graves,  who  was  succeeded, 
'  September  5,  1869,  by  Eev.  David  Aiken,  who  served  until  September,  1870.  His 
successors  have  been:  Eevs.  George  Morton,  September,  1870,  to  ISTovember,  1871; 
J.  Ludlow  Kendall,  November,  1871,  to  April,  1874;  S.  A.  Eawson,  July,  1874,  to 
August,  1875;  Eobert  Christian,  December,  1876,  to  April,  1878;  E.  S.  Schenck, 
March,  1880,  to  1885;  D.  D.  Lindley,  March,  1887,  to  June,  1888;  E.  D.  Eawson, 
March,  1889,  to  April,  1893;  A.  S.  Elliott,  May,  1893,  to  March,  1895;  W.  A. 
Brown,  May  to  October,  1895,  and  J.  C.  M.  Johnston,  who  took  charge  November 
10,  1895.  The  first  ruling  elders  of  the  church  were  James  Ellison  and  Peter 
Cameron,  Sr.  In  1872  a  sightly  and  commodious  church  building,  costing  $3,500, 
was  erected.  The  Sunday-school,  which  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  numbers  180 
pupils  and  teachers.    It  is  in  charge  of  Eichard  Simpson,  superintendent. 


^>^^^e^ 


BLOSS     TOWNSHIP.  609 


Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  formerly  the  Church  of  the  Mediator,  dates 
the  beginning  of  its  history  to  a  meeting  held  in  the  old  school  house  on  the  after- 
noon of  August  15,  1874,  by  Eev.  John  D.  Eockwell,  at  that  time  rector  of  St. 
Luke's  church,  Blossburg.  The  mission  was  called  the  Church  of  the  Mediator, 
after  the  church  of  that  name  in  New  York  City.  These  services  were  continued 
until  October  3,  1875,  when  they  lapsed,  but  were  resumed  May  30,  1877,  and  con- 
tinued without  interruption  until  February  15,  1879,  when  Mr.  Eockwell  left 
Blossburg.  No  further  regular  services  were  held  until  December,  1893,  when  Eev. 
A.  E.  DeWitt  was  sent  by  the  bishop  to  this'section  and  given  charge  of  the  churches 
in  Antrim,  Arnot  and  Pall  Brook.  Services  were  held  in  the  Disciples'  church,  the 
building  being  rented  for  that  purpose.  In  September,  1894,  Mr:  DeWitt  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Eev.  Marcellus  Karcher,  who  also  has  charge  of  the  churches  in  Bloss- 
burg and  Fall  Brook.  On  the  afternoon  of  May  15,  1895,  the  comer  stone  of  a 
new  church  building  was  laid,  and  the  name  changed  from  the  Church  of  the 
Mediator  to  Christ  Church.  The  first  services  were  held  in  this  building  Sunday, 
November  3,  1895.  The  church  has  not  yet  been  chartered,  nor  has  the  building 
been  consecrated.  This  handsome  house  of  worship,  erected  under  the  supervision 
of  E.  T.  Dodson,  F.  H.  Dartt  and  Mack  Scudder,  building  committee,  is  of  cut 
stone,  has  a  seating  capacity  of  300,  and  cost  $5,000. 

Gethsemane  Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  was  organized  in  1879,  with 
about  forty  members.  The  first  pastor  was  Eev.  P.  A.  Bergquist,  who  served  part 
of  the  year  1881.  Eev.  A.  Kinett  served  during  1882  and  1883.  Between  1884 
and  1887  the  congregation  was  served  by  C.  G.  Norman,  C.  J.  Bengston,  C.  J. 
Youngberg  and  S.  J.  Youngert,  theological  students  from  Augustana  College  and 
Theological  Seminary,  Eock  Island,  Illinois.  Eev.  J.  A.  Einell  was  pastor  from  1888 
to  1890,  and  Eev.  S.  0.  Olsson  from  1890  to  1894.  Eev.  C.  J.  Youngberg,  the 
present  pastor,  took  charge  June  34,  1894.  The  church  at  present  numbers  300 
communicants  and  188  children.  There  are  sixty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school, 
of  which  Jacob  Anderson  is  the  superintendent.  The  church  owns  a  neat  house  of 
worship,  which  was  erected  in  1883  at  a  cost  of  $3,000. 

St.  Andrew's  Roman  Catholic  Church  was  organized  in  1880,  and  a  church  build- 
ing, 38x45  feet,  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  This  church  is  under  the  charge 
of  the  pastor  of  Blossburg.  St.  James'  Lyceum  Hall,  erected  in  1895,  is  under  the 
auspices  of  this  church.  It  is  used  for  Sunday-school,  lectures,  etc.,  and  as  a  meet- 
ing place  for  Catholic  societies.  This  church  has  a  large  adult  and  Sunday-school 
membership.  It  is  a  mission  church  and  is  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  church  in 
Blossburg.  A  branch  of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  and  Benevolent  Associa- 
tion, numbering  over  sixty  members,  is  connected  with  St.  Andrew's. 

The  Swedish  Free  Mission  was  organized  in  1885,  with  ten  members,  and  now 
has  a  membership  of  twenty  persons.  The  pastor  is  Eev.  C.  J.  "Wideberg.  There  are 
twenty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Charles  Larsen  is  the  superintendent. 
The  Puritan  Congregational  Church  was  organized  in  1887.  Eev.  J.  T.  Mathews, 
the  first  pastor,  served  from  1887  until  1893,  when  Eev.  E.  J.  Eeese,  the  present 
pastor,  took  charge.  Mr.  Eeese  also  holds  regular  services  in  Landrus.  Charles 
Stickler  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  which  numbers  150  pupils. 

39 


QIQ  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

A  neat  church  building  was  erected  in  1891  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,  and  a  parsonage  in 
1893  at  a  cost  of  $800.     The  church  now  numbers  seventy-five  members. 

SOCIETIES. 

Amot  is  the  meeting  place  of  a  number  of  secret  and  benevolent  societies.  The 
earliest  organized  was  Amot  Lodge,  No.  947, 1.  0.  6.  T.  It  was  instituted  February 
33,  1871,  and  is  now  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Amot  Lodge,  No.  465,  K.  of  P., 
was  organized  June  34,  1880,  and  now  numbers  nearly  200  members.  Division 
No.  1,  A.  0.  H.,  which  was  organized  April  7,  1887,  now  numbers  fifty  members 
of  either  Irish  nationality  or  parentage.  Winterview  Castle,  No.  330,  K.  G.  E., 
was  instituted  March  14,  1893.  It  has  a  large  membership,  composed  mostly  of 
young  people. 

LANDBUS. 

In  1883,  after  the  completion  of  the  Amot  and  Pine  Creek  railroad  from 
Amot  to  Hoytville,  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Babb's 
creek,  five  miles  southwest  of  Amot.  Around  this  mill,  which  has  a  capacity  of  60,- 
000  feet  of  lumber  and  15,000  feet  of  lath  a  day,  there  soon  grew  up  a  village  which 
was  named  Landrus,  in  honor  of  Henry  J.  Landrus,  manager  of  the  Blossburg  Coal 
Company.  A  company  store  was  started  in  June,  1887.  This  store,  in  which  the 
postoifice  is  also  located,  is  now  carried  on  for  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company,  by 
Frank  L.  Beauge.  The  saw-mill  is  in  charge  of  George  Watson,  outside  foreman, 
and  the  railroad  station  in  charge  of  D.  F.  Wilcox.  The  public  school  is  in  charge  of 
James  Muir,  and  religious  services  are  held  regularly  in  the  school  building  by  Eev. 
E.  J.  Eeese,  pastor  of  the  Puritan  Congregational  church  of  Amot.  The  village  has 
a  population  of  about  three  hundred. 

The  Bear  Eun  Coal  Mines  were  opened,  a  short  distance  above  the  village,  by 
the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  in  1888.  The  machinery  of  these  mines  is  driven  by 
electricity,  the  ears  from  the  drifts  to  the  chutes  being  hauled  by  thirty-horse 
power  motors.  The  minet^  are  in  charge  of  Joseph  Maxwell,  mining  foreman.  When 
operated  by  a  full  force,  they  have  a  production  of  635  tons  a  day. 


CHAPTER  LIII. 

BLOSSBUEG  BOEOUGH. 

The  WiLiiiAMSON  Road— Peter's  Camp— Borough  Site  and  Surroundings- 
Pioneer  Settlers— Early  Industries  and  Enterprises- Discovery  of 
Coal— Judge  Knapp's  Enterprises— The  Arbon  Coal  Company— A  Real 
Estate  Boom— The  Corning  and  Blossburg  Railroad— The  Seymour  House 
—Sir  Charles  Lyell's  Visit— Window  Glass  Manufactory— The  Morris 
Run  Railroad— The  Arnot  Branch— Borough  Organization  and  Officials 
—Fire  Department— The  Fire  of  1873— Physicians  and  Lawyers— Schools 
—Churches  and  Cemeteries— Societies— Later  Business  Corporations- 
Tee  Cottage  State  Hospital. 


IN  1792,  when  the  party  of  immigrants  engaged  in  cutting  the  Williamson  road 
from  Loyalsock,  in  Lycoming  county,  to  Painted  Post,  New  York,  under  the 
guidance  of  Eobert  and  Benjamin  Patterson,  reached  the  Tioga  river,  after  coming 
down  the  Bellman  run  valley,  they  established  upon  its  bank  a  supply  camp.  Here 
the  women  and  children  were  left  and  cared  for  until  another  section  of  the  road 
had  been  cut  and  another  camp  established.  The  camp  established  at  the  point 
where  the  road  crosses  the  Tioga  river,  was  named  Peter's  Camp,  Peter  being  the 
Christian  name  of  the  man  who  had  charge  of  the  bake  oven.  It  is  related  that 
Peter  was  not  an  over-neat  individual,  and  that  in  order  to  reform  him  in  this  regard, 
the  members  of  the  party,  upon  one  occasion,  treated  him  to  a  compulsory  bath  in 
the  Tioga  river. 

The  site  of  this  camp  is  now  within  the  limits  of  Blossburg  borough,  the  sur- 
veyed area  of  which  is  nearly  two  miles  from  east  to  west,  by  two  and  a  half  from 
north  to  south.  Owing  to  the  restricted  character  of  the  valley — the  average 
width  at  the  bottom  being  scarcely  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile — and  the  almost 
precipitous  mountain  incline  on  either  side — the  actual,  built-upon  area — save  a 
somewhat  less  restricted  space  up  Bellman  run  valley,  in  the  southern  paxt  of  the 
borough — ^is  confined  to  a  narrow  strip,  nearly  three  miles  long,  which  follows  the 
windings  of  the  Tioga  river  from  below  the  mouth  of  Morris  run  to  the  mouth  of 
East  creek.  Midway  of  this  narrow  strip  is  the  business  center  of  the  borough, 
the  main  street  of  which  is  the  old  Williamson  road. 

Within  the  borough  limits  the  Tioga  river  receives  the  waters  of  Coal  run. 
Bear  run  and  East  creek  from  the  east,  and  Bellman  run  from  the  west.  A  small 
run  having  its  source  in  Bloss  township,  flows  down  a  ravine,  back  of  the  Horton 
place,  and  unites  with  Bellman  run  a  short  distance  above  its  mouth.  The  moun- 
tains which  line  the  river  valley,  rise  to  a  height  of  over  1,800  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  The  altitude  of  the  borough — railroad  level — is  1,348  feet  above  tide- 
water. 


Q-^2  HISTOKY     OF      TIOGA      COUNTY. 


Blossburg  is  the  second  largest  borough  in  the  county.  In  1880  it  had  2,140 
inhabitants,  and  in  1890,  3,568. 

PIONEER    SETTLEES. 

In  the  year  1801  Aaron  Bless,  born  at  Killingby,  Connecticut,  May  29,  1775, 
came  to  Tioga  county,  from  Chenango  county,  'New  York,  and  settled  near  Coving- 
ton. In  1803 — the  year  given  by  his  living  descendants — ^he  removed  to  Peter's 
Camp.  Here,  across  the  road  from  the  east  end  of  the  bridge  over  the  Tioga  river, 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  present  borough,  he  erected  a  house,  the  site  of  which 
is  now  occupied  by  a  private  residence.  In  this  house  he  kept  hotel  until  1820,  when 
he  built  a  larger  one,  in  which  he  continued  in  the  hotel  business  until  1835,  when 
he  moved  back  to  Covington,  where  he  died  March  3-1,  1843.  To  him,  therefore, 
belongs  the  honor  of  being  the  first  settler  in  Blossburg.  It  may  be  said,  in  passing, 
that  this  pioneer — a  thorough  woodsman  and  a  noted  hunter — was  a  man  of  strong, 
rugged  build,  with  the  courage  to  dare,  the  patience  to  endure,  and  the  shrewd 
common  sense  to  plan  and  execute,  so  frequently  found  in  the  men  who  formed 
the  advance  guard  of  civilization  a  century  ago. 

How  long  Aaron  Bloss  remained  without  neighbors  cannot  be  definitely 
ascertained.  The  first  to  join  him  appears  to  have  been  Absaldm  Kingsbury.  He 
came  to  Tioga  county  about  1813,  made  a  clearing  on  Elk  run,  in  Covington  town- 
ship, and  afterwards,  not  earlier,  probably,  than  1818  or  1830,  removed  to  Peter's 
Camp.  The  first  attempt  to  found  a  town  was  made  in  the  latter  year,  when  Aaron 
Bloss  changed  the  name  of  Peter's  Camp  to  Blossburg.  During  the  next  five  years 
the  place  grew  slowly.  Eoyal,  Isaac  and  Asahel  Walker,  nephews  of  Aaron  Bloss, 
and  sons  of  Isaac  Walker,  a  pioneer  of  Covington,  were  among  the  earliest  settlers. 
They  were  followed  by  Eli  Dartt,  Judge  John  H.  Knapp,  Gearhart  Boehm,  Evan 
Harris,  a  man  named  Eoberts  and  another  named  Dowers,  some  of  whom  made 
only  a  temporary  stay.  D.  P.  Freeman  came  in  1837;  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  the  first 
physician,  in  1831;  John  L.  Evans,  in  1837;  Francis  Welch,  in  1839;  Col.  Joseph 
Yonkin,  Alexander  H.  Gaylord,  James  H.  Gulick,  Charles  Finney,  John  James  and 
George  Eichter  in  1840. 

Washington  Landrus,  father  of  the  late  Henry  J.  Landrus,  of  Wellsboro,  and 
the  oldest  resident  of  Blossburg,  came  in  1839.  He  gives  the  names  of  twelve  other 
persons  who  were  here  in  that  year.  They  were  William  Cleese,  Clarendon  Eath- 
bone,  Eli  Dartt,  Everett  Winter  Bloss,  a  son  of  Aaron  Bloss,  David  Chatfield, 
Thomas  Farr,  Evan  Harris,  Gearhart  Boehm,  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  Dr.  Joseph  P. 
Morris,  John  L.  Evans  and  Isaac  Thomas.  Joseph  Hughes,  also,  came  about  this 
time  and  settled  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough.  Bernard  Murray,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  came  about  1841.  William  Butler  came  in  1841,  and  remained  until  1875, 
when  he  removed  to  Sunbury,  Northumberland  county.  Patrick  Bannon,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  father  of  Senator  Bannon,  came  in  1841.  Benjamin  E.  Hall 
came  from  Lycoming  county  in  1842.  Thomas  Morgan  and  Eeese  W. 
Thomas  came  about  the  same  time.  Martin  Stratton,  born  December 
23,  1807,  the  oldest  person  in  the  borough,  also  came  in  1842;  John  Cook  and 
Simon  Golden  in  1848,  and  Jacob  Jones  in  1850.    All  these  early  settlers  have  passed 


BLOSSBUBG      BOEOtTGH.  Q^^ 


away,  except  Washington  Landras,  Majtin  Stratton,  George  Richter,  John  Cook, 
Simon  Golden  and  Jacob  Jones. 

BAKLT      INDUSTEIES      AND      ENTEKPKISES. 

In  1793,  during  the  construction  of  the  Williamson  road,  coal  was  discovSred 
within  the  present  limits  of  Blossburg,  by  Robert  and  Benjamin  Patterson.  The 
first  effort  to  mine  and  market  it,  however,  was  made  by  David  Clemons,  a  pioneer, 
who  settled  in  Covington  township  in  1806.  He  opened  a  mine  on  Bear  run,  not 
much  earUer,  probably,  than  1812  or  1815,  and  hauled  an  occasional  load  over- 
land to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  Aaron  Bloss  also  opened  up  a  mine  on  Bear  run — 
a  lower  vein  than  that  opened  by  Clemons,  and  now  known  as  the  Bloss  vein — ^but 
only  to  supply  local  demands.  These  first  efljorts,  owing  to  the  lack  of  shipping 
faciUties,  were  on  a  very  small  and  very  limited  scale.  They  led  Aaron  Bloss  and 
others,  however,  to  ask  the  legislature,  in  1817,  for  an  appropriation  of  $10,000 — 
which  was  refused — ^to  improve  the  Williamson  road  over  the  mountain  between 
Blossburg  and  Williamsport,  and  to  attempts,  on  the  part  of  individual  enterprise, 
to  widen  and  deepen  the  channel  of  the  Tioga  river,  and  finally  to  the  organization 
of  the  Tioga  River  ISTavigation  Company. 

In  the  meantime,  Blossburg  coal  had  not  only  found  its  way  to  Painted  Post, 
Corning  and  Elmira,  but  to  Albany,  where  it  played  an  important  part  in  railroad, 
canal  and  navigation  legislation,  and,  also,  to  Philadelphia,  where  men  of  capital 
and  enterprise  soon  became  interested  in  its  development.  The  first  man  of  means, 
however,  to  become  interested  in  Blossburg  was  Judge  John  H.  Knapp,  of  Elmira, 
New  York.  He  came  about  1835,  in  which  year  Curtis  P.  Stratton  and  Peter  Kelts 
built  a  saw-mill  for  him,  on  the  river,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough,  near  the 
Eall  Brook  railroad  bridge.  In  this  mill — ^the  first  one  here — Dr.  Lewis  Sayniseh 
was  afterwards  interested.  In  1836  Judge  Knapp  started  the  first  store  in  the  place. 
He  also  erected  iron  works  for  the  smelting  of  iron  ore  and  its  manufacture  into 
foundry  and  blacksmith's  iron.  He  opened  ore  beds  on  "Barney"  hill,  and  a  coal 
mine  on  Coal  run,  where  both  coal  and  iron  ore  were  mined.  Failing  to  secure 
financial  assistance  promised  by  men  of  capital,  and  being  in  feeble  health,  he 
turned  over  his  Blossburg  enterprises  to  Samuel  Weeks,  and  removed  to  Port  Madi- 
son, Iowa.  During  the  next  thirty  years  the  iron  works  had  many  owners — ^most 
of  whom  lost  money.  Among  the  more  prominent  were  John  G.  Boyd,  P.  P. 
Cleaver,  James  H.  Gulick  and  A.  J.  Gaylord,  who  devoted  himself  to  the  manu- 
facture of  fire  brick.  In  December,  1864,  the  plant  was  purchased  by  T.  J.  Mooers, 
who  then  established  the  foundry  and  machine  shop  still  carried  on  by  him. 

In  1837  a  large  hotel  building,  known  as  the  Knapp  House,  was  erected  west 
of  the  river,  almost  opposite  the  hotel  of  Aaron  Bloss,  by  D.  P.  Preeman.  Although 
erected  under  the  patronage  of  Judge  Knapp,  and  auspiciously  opened  January  1, 
1838,  with  house-warming  festivities,  to  which  friends  from  far  and  near  had  been 
invited,  this  hotel  does  not  appear  to  have  prospered.  After  being  occupied  as  a 
tenement  for  a  number  of  years,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

The  first  systematic  attempt  to  determine  the  character  and  extent  of  the  Bloss- 
burg coal  and  iron  ore  beds  was  made  in  1833,  and  will  be  found  set  forth  in  detail 


614  HISTOET      OP     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

in  the  chapter  devoted  to  the  mineral  resources  of  the  county,  which  deals  par- 
ticularly with  the  early  mines  and  mining. 

In  1835  Aaron  Bloss  moved  back  to  Covington,  Absolom  Kingsbury  succeeding 
him  as  landlord  of  the  hotel,  which  was  afterwards  kept  by  John  L.  Evans — also 
an  early  merchant — Francis  Welch,  John  Cochran  and  others.  It  was  destroyed 
by  fire  about  1853. 

It  was  in  1835,  also,  that  James  E.  Wilson — who  became  its  first  president — 
Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris  and  others,  of  Philadelphia,  with  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  of 
Blossburg,  organized  the  Arbon  Coal  Company,  and  appointed  James  H.  Gulick,  of 
'New  Jersey,  selling  agent.  Land  was  purchased  of  Aaron  Bloss,  including  the 
Bear  Eun  mines,  and  preparations  made  to  mine  coal  and  iron  on  an  extensive  scale, 
as  soon  as  the  railroad,  then  projected,  could  be  completed.  John  James,  a  native 
of  Pontypool,  Wales — prominent  iu  later  years  in  the  development  of  the  Fall 
Brook  coal  beds — was  placed  in  charge  of  the  mines,  and  held  the  position  under 
the  various  owners  for  sixteen  years. 

In  1837,  in  anticipation  of  the  building  of  the  railroad  from  Corning  to  Bloss- 
burg, Hon.  Horatio  Seymour,  Hon.  Amos  P.  Granger  and  Hon.  Thomas  Davis,  of 
Few  York,  and  Hon.  James  Ford  and  C.  Parkhurst,  of  Lawrenceville,  became  in- 
terested in  the  development  of  Blossburg.  They  purchased  340  acres  of  land,  em- 
bracing the  present  business  center  of  the  borough,  and  divided  it  into  building 
lots.  They  also  became  identified  with  various  enterprises,  calculated  to  make  the 
place  an  important  manufacturing  center.  Clarendon  Eathbone,  the  first  lawyer 
in  the  village,  became  interested  in  coal  and  timber  lands  here  about  this  time. 

About  1838  a  postoffice  was  established,  the  first  postmaster.  Dr.  Joseph  P. 
Morris,  holding  the  of&ce  until  1842,  when  he  removed  to  Mansfield.  Among  the 
more  prominent  of  his  successors  were  James  P.  Taylor,  who  held  the  ofiice  from 
1860  until  his  death  in  1874.  Frank  H.  Stratton,  the  present  incumbent,  has  held 
the  ofSee  since  March  39,  1894. 

In  1840  Charles  Finney  started  a  store  in  a  little  building — thought  to  have 
been  the  old  Knapp  store  building— just  north  of  Washington  Landrus'  dwelling. 
He  sold  out  to  Captain  Moss,  who  in  turn  sold  out  to  John  Cochran,  who  after- 
wards sold  to  A.  H.  Gaylord  and  Washington  Gray.  In  this  year,  also.  Col.  Joseph 
Yonkin,  who  previously  had  a  contract  with  the  Tioga  Eiver  Navigation  Com- 
pany, built  the  old  Washington  Hotel.  Some  years  later  Colonel  Yonkin  built 
the  well-known  Yonkin  House,  in  which  he  kept  hotel  during  the  remainder  of 
his  life.  This  house  is  now  kept  by  John  Boothe.  About  this  time  James  Jenkinson 
kept  hotel  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough,  on  the  site  of  the  Hughes  residence. 
James  Husted  also  kept  hotel  in  this  house  for  a  time. 

July  4,  1840,  was  marked  by  the  completion  of  the  Coming  and  Blossburg 
railroad  to  Covington.  Early  in  the  following  September  it  was  completed 
to  Blossburg.  A  real  estate  and  business  boom  followed.  The  Arbon  Coal 
Company  began  shipping  coal  by  rail.  It  estabUshed  a  store  with  Dr.  Joseph  P. 
Morris  in  charge,  in  the  building  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Kelly's  grocery  store.  It 
also  built  a  saw-mill  near  the  mouth  of  East  creek,  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
borough,  and  made  an  excavation  with  the  intention  of  building  a  large  hotel,  and 
drawing  the  business  of  the  town  in  that  direction.    The  hotel  was  never  built.' 


BLOSSBTJEG      BOEOUGH.  Q1^ 


In  1841  John  G.  Boyd,  cashier  of  the  bank  at  Towanda,  and  a  member  of  the 
lumber  firm  of  Boyd  &  Cleaver,  of  Covington,  built  the  Seymour  House,  in  con- 
nection with  Samuel  Cleaver.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour, 
of  New  York.  The  first  landlord  was  Philemon  Doud,  who  was  succeeded  by  P.  P. 
Cleaver.  During  the  more  than  fifty  years  of  its  existence  it  has  had  rdany  landlords, 
being  vacant,  at  times,  for  years.  The  present  landlord,  M.  S.  Murray,  took  charge  i.i 
the  fall  of  1894.  The  building  is  owned  by  the  "Erie"  Railroad  Company,  and  a 
portion  of  the  first  story  is  occupied  by  its  local  ticket  agent  and  the  office  of  the 
division  supervisor. 

John  Gr.  Boyd  also  became  interested  in  the  iron  works  and  other  enterprises. 
His  various  speculations,  however,  seriously  entangled  him,  and  on  the  morning  of 
February  17,  1843,  he  committed  suicide,  in  Philadelphia,  by  firing  a  loaded  pistol 
into  his  mouth.  His  death  had  a  serious  effect  upon  various  enterprises,  and  upon 
individuals,  in  Blossburg  and  in  Covington. 

In  1841  Sir  Charles  Lyell,  the  eminent  English  geologist,  visited  Blossburg 
and  made  a  very  thorough  examination  of  the  coal  deposits,  especially  of  the  Bear 
Eun  mine,  then  being  operated  by  the  Arbon  Coal  Company,  of  which  Dr.  Lewis 
Saynisch  was  the  president.  After  returning  to  England,  the  distinguished 
scientist  published  a  full  description  of  the  Blossburg  coal  deposits,  noting  the 
similarity  between  them  and  the  coal  measures  of  South  Wales. 

In  1843  Benjamin  R.  Hall  came  to  Blossburg,  from  "Block  House,"  and  for 
over  twenty  years  kept  the  United  States  Hotel,  on  the  corner  north  of  the  present 
opera  house.  In  1844  the  Arbon  Coal  Company  was  succeeded  by  William  M. 
Mallory  &  Company,  who  operated  the  mines  until  1857,  mining  and  shipping 
4'05,116  tons  of  coal.  In  the  latter  year  Duncan  S.  Magee,  as  the  representative 
of  his  father,  John  Magee,  leased  the  mines,  and  operated  them  until  1859,  when  • 
the  mines  at  Pall  Brook  were  opened.  Since  then  coal  has  been  mined  within  the 
Blossburg  borough  limits  for  local  supply  only,  shipment  by  rail  ceasing  with  the 
opening  of  the  Fall  Brook  mines.  In  1866  the  Bear  Run  mines,  now  known  as 
the  Jones  mines,  were  purchased  from  James  H.  Gulick,  by  J.  M.  Evans,  J.  M.  Evans, 
Jr.,  John  Bouncer  and  Jacob  Jones,  and  operated  by  them  under  the  name  of  Evans  & 
Jones.  They  are  now  owned  by  Mr.  Jones,  and  operated  by  his  son,  Benjamin  P. 
Jones.  The  Coal  Run  mines  are  operated  by  A.  P.  Gaylord.  The  Golden  Brothers 
and  Loyd  &  Crooks,  have  opened  up  mines  west  of  the  river,  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  borough.  Hutchinson  Brothers  operate  a  mine  west  of  the  river,  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  borough. 

A  window  glass  manufactory  was  established  in  1847,  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  borough,  by  William  Dezang,  of  Geneva,  New  York,  and  glass  manufactured 
from  sand  rock.  Several  years  later  Mr.  Dezang  was  succeeded  by  Webb, 
Pellows  &  Co.,  who  operated  the  factory  until  18G0,  when  they  were  succeeded  by 
0.  P.  Taylor  and  James  H.  Gulick.  In  1867  a  co-operative  company,  known  as 
Hirsch,  Ely  &  Co.,  leased  the  factory,  operated  it,  and  carried  on  a  store  in  con- 
nection therewith,  until  1888,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  United  Glass 
Company,  otherwise  known  as  the  "Glass  Trust,"  who  soon  afterwards  shut  it 
down. 

In  October,  1853,  the  raUroad  from  Blossburg  to  Morris  Run  was  completed, 


616  HISTOEY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 


and  in  1859  the  railroad  from  Blossburg  to  Pall  Brook  built.  In  1863  the  repair 
shops  of  the  Tioga  Eailroad  Company  were  removed  from  Corning  to  Blossburg, 
and  a  new  impetus  given  to  the  growth  and  business  activity  of  the  place.  In  1866 
the  railroad  to  Amot  was  built  and  the  mines  opened  up  there.  In  1868  Drake 
&  Taylor  erected  a  saw-mill  west  of  the  river,  near  the  site  of  the  old  Knapp  Hotel. 
This  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  March  3, 1876,  and  was  rebuilt  by  the  Blossburg  CoaJ 
Company^  and  run  until  the  summer  of  1895,  when  it  was  dismantled.  In  1869  A. 
Eumsey  &  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  built  a  tannery,  with  an  annual  capacity  of 
75,000  to  100,000  sides  of  sole  leather,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  borough.  In  1875  they  sold  it  to  Hoyt  Brothers,  of  New  York, 
who  carried  it  on  until  May,  1893,  when  it  passed  into  the  control  of  the  Union 
Tanning  Company,  a  member  of  the  United  States  Leather  Company.  It  gives 
employment  to  seventy-five  men,  and  is  in  charge  of  A.  E.  Botehford,  superin- 
tendent. 

BOROUGH    OEGANIZATION    AND    OrFICIALS. 

Blossburg  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  August  39, 1871,  and  the  first  election 
held  September  13,  1871,  resulting  in  the  choice  of  the  following  ofacers:  L.  H. 
Shattuck,  burgess;  E.  S.  Scofleld,  A.  H.  Gaylord,  D.  H.  Stratton,  William 'M. 
Butler,  0.  F.  Taylor  and  William  MeCarron,  councilmen;  Erancis  Welch  and  H. 
P.  Erwin,  justices  of  the  peace;  Thomas  Morgan,  overseer  of  the  poor;  J.  H. 
Putnam,  judge  of  election;  William  Wallace  and  B.  A.  Murray,  inspectors  of 
election;  Gr.  C.  Puller,  E.  D.  Horton  and  J.  L.  Belden,  auditors,  and  John  Weaver, 
Michael  Ely,  Henry  Hollands,  Jacob  Jones,  A.  T.  James  and  J.  Phillips,  school 
directors.  The  first  meeting  of  the  council  was  held  September  8,  1871,  when 
0.  J.  C.  Horton  was  elected  borough  clerk.  The  names  of  the  burgesses  since  elected 
are  as  follows:  A.  H.  Gaylord,  1873;  H.  Hollands,  1874;  C.  H.  Goldsmith, 
1875-76;  0.  P.  Taylor,  1877-78;  J.  Yonkin,  1879;  S.  Bowen,  1880-81;  H.  J. 
Shattuck,  1883;  G.  W.  Morgan,  1883-84-85;  A.  P.  Gaylord,  1886;  J.  Aylesworth, 
1887-88;  W.  H.  McCarty,  1889;  C.  T.  Knight,  1890;  Prank  D.  Andrews,  1891- 
93-93;  A.  Eichter,  1894-96,  and  Prank  D.  Andrews,  elected  in  1897. 

The  following  named  persons  have  been  elected  and  commissioned  justices  of 
the  peace:  H.  P.  Erwin,  1871;  re-elected,  1879,  1884;  Prancis  Welch,  1871;  E. 
B.  Freeman,  1876;  re-elected,  1881,  1883;  J.  B.  Denmaxk,  1876;  Adam  Schoop, 
1888;  John  Cook,  1888;  re-elected,  1893;  D.  E.  Doud,  1891;  Thomas  H.  WUliams, 
1893;  re-elected,  1893. 

FIEE    DEPAETMENT. 

The  Eagle  Engine  Company  was  organized  in  1869.  The  officers  were:  A. 
T.  James,  foreman;  Joseph  Maxwell,  assistant  foreman;  Sumner  P.  White, 
treasurer,  and  W.  A.  Shields,  secretary.  The  Mist  Hose  Company  was  organized 
at  the  same  time,  with  the  following  officers:  J.  E.  Belden,  foreman;  G.  C.  Miller, 
assistant  foreman,  and  J,  C.  Horton,  secretary.  This  compauy  was  incorporated 
January  31,  1887.  In  1873  a  reorganization  of  the  department  took  place,  the 
Eagle  Engine  Company  being  succeeded  by  the  Drake  Engine  Company.  The 
department,  as  now  constituted,  is  composed  of  the  Mist  Hose  Company  and  the 
Andrews  Hose  Company,  each  having  a  good  equipment  of  fire-fighting  apparatus. 


2^.^ti/^U.c^ 


BLOSSBUKG      BOEOUGH.  giy 


THE    FIKE    OF    1873. 

On  the  night  of  March  6,  1873,  Blossburg  was  visited  by  a  destructive  fire, 
which  swept  away  nearly  the  entire  business  portion  of  the  town,  involving  owner^ 
and  occupants  in  a  heavy  financial  loss.  The  district  burned  over  extended  from 
Carpenter  to  Hannibal  streets,  on  both  sides  of  Main  street.  The  buildings,  being 
of  wood,  burned  quickly,  and  the  flames  spread  rapidly.  The  loss  was  happily 
confined  to  property.  Though  severely  felt,  it  did  not  deter  the  owners  of  the 
real  estate  from  rebuilding.  Substantial  and  sightly  buildings  of  brick  soon  arose 
to  replace  the  wooden  ones  destroyed,  greatly  improving  the  appeaxance  of  the 
business  portion  of  the  borough.  From  time  to  time,  since  then,  additional  brick 
business  buildings  have  been  erected,  each  in  keeping  with  the  prevailing  ideas  in 
architecture.  The  township  records  and  many  other  valuable  papers  were  either 
entirely  or  partially  destroyed  in  this  fire,  and  much  valuable  information  con- 
cerning the  earlier  history  of  Blossburg  obliterated,  save,  in  so  far  as  it  has  been 
preserved,  in  the  memories  of  the  living. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    LAWXEKS. 

Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  the  first  physician  to  locate 
permanently  in  Blossburg.  He  settled  there  in  1831,  and  soon  after  identified 
himself  with  the  development  of  the  coal  deposits,  and  with  the  early  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  interests  of  the  place,  serving  for  several  years  as  president 
of  the  Arbon  Coal  Company.  He  continued  to  practice  his  profession  until  his 
death,  in  1858.  Dr.  Henry  Kilbourn,  who  located  in  Covington  in  1828,  included 
Blossbxirg  in  the  wide  territory  over  which  he  practiced,  residing  at  different  times 
in  each  place,  during  the  more  than  half  a  century  of  his  active  professional  career. 
Among  the  later  physicians  were  Drs.  J'.  P.  Davison,  M.  L.  Bacon,  William  Cald- 
well, Nelson  Ingham,  Patrick  Culnane,  H.  G.  Smythe  and  I.  N.  Ingham.  The 
late  Dr.  L.  W.  Johnson  began  practice  in  the  borough  in  1883,  having  previously 
practiced  at  Liberty.  Dr.  Charles  Clarence  Winsor  practiced  in  the  borough  from 
1885  to  his  death,  December  3,  1889.  Dr.  Francis  A.  Birrolo  came  in  1895,  but 
subsequently  removed  to  Trenton,  ISTew  Jersey,  where  he  died  January  21,  1897. 
The  present  resident  physicians  are  Dr.  G.  D.  Crandall,  who  located  in  1872,  and 
Dr.  E.  M.  Haley,  who  came  in  1890. 

Clarendon  Eathbone  was  the  pioneer  lawyer  of  Blossburg,  where  he  located 
in  1840,  continuing  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  up  to  within  a  few 
years  of  his  death,  which  occurred  August  26,  1882,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven 
years.  He  was,  at  the  time,  the  oldest  member  of  the  bax  of  Tioga  county.  Mr. 
Eathbone  appears  to  have  had  the 'field  pretty  much  to  himself  for  a  long  time. 
Among  the  attorneys  of  more  recent  years  were  John  C.  Horton,  who  located  in 
Blossburg  about  1870;  Henry  W.  Eoland,  who  located  in  October,  1876,  and 
Harvey  B.  Leach,  who  came  to  Blossburg  in  September,  1886,  and  practiced  here 
until  March,  1897,  when  he  removed  to  Wellsboro.  The  bar  is  at  present  repre- 
sented by  Walter  T.  Merrick,  who  began  practice  in  1886;  Charles  L.  Fellows, 
who  came  from  Canton,  Bradford  county,  in  ISTovember,  1896,  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  Mr.  Merrick,  and  Frank  Hughes,  who  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  November,  1896,  and  became  a  partner  of  his  preceptor,  Mr.  Leach. 


618  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

SCHOOLS. 

A  school  building  was  erected  about  1835,  or  possibly  a  few  years  later,  near 
the  river  bank,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  borough.  Among  those  who  are  said  to 
have  taught  here,  were  'William  AUsworth,  John  Jaquish,  Margaret  Young,  Henrietta 
Oray  and  Miss  Hensler,  who  afterwaxds  married  C.  Jaequemin,  and  who  gave 
private  lessons  in  French.  About  the  year  1839  a  school  building  was  erected 
on  the  north  side  of  Bear  run,  near  the  site  of  the  inclined  plane.  Here  David 
Lewis,  Margaret  Young  and  Maria  Eathbone  taught.  A  third  school  building  was 
erected  in  1843  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough,  near  the  present  residence 
of  Martin  Stratton.  Among  the  early  teachers  in  this  school  were  Maria  Hark- 
ness,  Mary  Lawrence,  Charlotte  Harkness,  Mr.  Salone,  John  Jacobs,  Jerusha 
Lownsbery  and  Maria  Knowlton.  In  1850  a  Union  school  house  was  erected 
on  ground  given  by  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour,  which  was  used  for  public  school 
purposes  until  1874,  when  the  present  building  was  erected.  E.  C.  Cross, 
Clarendon  Eathbone,  Margaret  Yeomans,  Myra  Horton,  William  Humphrey  and 
William  A.  Gaskill  taught  in  this  school.  The  present  graded  school  building  is 
centrally  located,  on  the  hillside  west  of  the  river,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of 
the  borough  and  the  valley.  It  is  a  handsome  brick  edifice,  and  cost,  with  the 
building  site,  $13,000.  In  1894  a  primary  school  building,  centrally  located,  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,500.  A  third  school  building,  erected  about  twenty 
years  ago,  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  on  the  site  of  "Peter's 
Camp."  The  schools  of  the  borough  have  been  well  conducted,  and  able  and  ex- 
perienced teachers  have  been  employed  from  year  to  year. 

CHURCHES    AND    CEMETERIES. 

Mount  Zion  Welsh  Congregational  Church  was  organized  as  eaxly  as  1840. 
Among  the  original  members  were  Thomas  Davis,  Jenkin  Evans,  John  Bowen, 
John  Hughes  and  others.  A  small  chapel  served  as  a  house  of  worship  until 
1870,  when  a  church  building,  costing  $3,400,  was  erected.  It  was  dedicated  De- 
cember 4,  of  that  year,  the  services  being  participated  in  by  Eev.  Mr.  Evans,  of 
Hyde  Park;  Eev.  N.  L.  Eeynolds,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  Eev.  Harvey 
Lamkin,  pastor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  This  building  was  burned  in 
December,  1886,  and  was  uninsured.  In  1887  the  present  house  of  worship  on 
Euah  street  was  erected,  costing  $3,000.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the 
pastors  who  have  served  this  church:  Eevs.  Daniel  Lewis,  E.  Parry,  John  Davis, 
Evan  Davis,  Philip  Peregrine,  E.  Tilo  Evans,  J.  M.  Evans,  Abraham  Jones,  Morgan 
Daniels  and  Caradoek  Jones,  the  present  pastor.  The  church  was  incorporated  No- 
vember 37,  1871,  William  J.  Eichards,  John  M.  Evans  and  Jacob  Jones  being 
named  as  trustees.  The  present  membership  is  fifty,  with  forty  pupil's  in  the 
Sunday-school,  of  which  David  E.  Evans  is  superintendent. 

Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  was  the  name  of  a  church  chartered  May 
2,  1842,  a  petition  for  a  charter  having  been  filed  in  the  court  of  common  pleas 
January  18,  1842.  This  petition  was  signed  by  Miller  Pox,  Thomas  Turner, 
Clarendon  Eathbone,  James  H.  Gulick,  J.  Jones  Smith,  James  Jenkinson,  Frank- 
lin Wright,  James  A.  Van  Ness,  J.  G.  Taylor,  Jacob  G.  Scudder,  Samuel  W.  Lord, 
Clement  H.  Smith,  John  W.  Johnson  and  Charies  E.  Smith.     This  church  seems 


BLOSSBUEG      BOEOUGH.  619 


to  have  had  but  a  brief  existence,  there  being  no  records  showing  who  were  its 
pastors  or  members. 

St.  Luke's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  was  chartered  December  5,  1867, 
with  the  following  officers:  Philip  Dykins,  senior  warden;  Isaac  E.  Eoss,  junior 
warden;  James  H.  Giiliek,  0.  F.  Taylor,  Samuel  H.  Thompson,  J.  C.  Evans  and 
John  Adams,  vestrymen.  The  present  church  edifice,  erected  in  1867-68,  was 
consecrated  by  Bishop  Stevens  in  September  of  the  latter  year.  The  first  rector 
was  Rev.  M.  L.  Kern.  His  successors  have  been,  Eevs.  Benjamin  Hartley,  J.  D. 
Eockwell,  J.  T.  Fugette,  J.  U.  Graf,  A.  E.  DeWitt,  and  Eev.  Marcellus  Karcher, 
the  present  rector,  who  came  in  November,  1894.  There  are  thirty  members  in 
the  church  and  seventy-five  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  W.  A.  Shields 
is  the  superintendent. 

St.  Andreiv's  Roman  Catholic  Church  was  organized  in  1841,  with  twenty 
members.  The  first  services  were  held  in  a  public  hall,  by  Eev.  John  O'Eeilly,  of 
St.  Joseph's,  Susquehanna  eoimty,  Pennsylvania,  whose  field  embraced  a  circuit  of 
sixty  miles,  and  who  had  been  appointed  by  Bishop  Kendrick,  to  attend  Blossburg 
and  other  missions.  A  site  for  a  church  was  given  by  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour, 
who,  as  well  as  Mr.  Calket,  of  Philadelphia,  made  other  liberal  donations.  On 
October  9,  1851,  the  foundation  trenches  were  dug  by  Patrick  Bannon,  Simon 
■Golden,  James  Mooney  and  Thomas  Dissing.  In  January,  1851,  the  comer  stone 
was  laid  by  Bishop  Kendrick,  Eev.  F.  Ahem  being  in  charge  at  the  time.  The 
contract  for  the  building — a  plain,  wooden  edifice,  30x50  feet,  was  awarded  to 
John  L.  Evans,  of  Blossburg.  Eev.  I'rancis  Maguire,  who  also  attended  at  Troy, 
Union,  and  other  missions,  was  the  first  resident  pastor.  His  successors  have  been, 
Eev.  Francis  McCarty,  1863  to  1864;  Eev.  John  Laughlin,  October,  1864,  to  -June, 
1866;  Eev.  Michael  Murphy,  1866  to  1869;  Eev.  Gerald  McMurray,  1869  to  1873; 
Eev.  John  A.  Wynne,  pastor,  and  Eev.  J.  C.  McDermott,  assistant,  appointed  in 
1873.  Father  Wynne  died  in  Blossburg  in  March,  1879,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Eev.  P.  J.  Murphy,  who  served  until  1889,  when  the  late  pastor,  Eev.  James  A. 
Connolly,  took  charge.  He  died  in  July,  1896,  and  was  succeeded  by  Eev.  Dr. 
Lucas,  the  present  pastor. 

During  the  pastorate  of  Eev.  Gerald  McMurray,  an  addition  of  fifty  feet  was 
built  to  the  church  and  the  pastoral  residence  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  The 
membership  of  the  church  embraces  seventy-two  families,  with  seventy-five  children 
in  the  Sunday-school. 

St.  Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Church  (Polish)  was  established  in  1873,  and  a 
church  edifice,  costing  $3,000,  erected  in  1873.  This  church,  the  parochial  school 
and  the  parish  residence  connected  therewith,  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  borough,  on  the  hillside,  east  of  the  river.  The  first  rector  was  Eev.  A. 
Claveter,  succeeded  by  Eevs.  B.  Gramlewitch,  L.  Spryszynski,  T.  Klonowski,  and 
the  present  pastor,  S.  Siedlecki.  The  membership  of  this  church  consists  of 
sixty  families,  with  about  sixty  children  in  the  Sunday-school.  The  parochial 
school,  the  teacher  of  which  is  L.  Olszewski,  was  established  in  1876.  There  is 
an  average  attendance  of  eighty  pupils.  A  new  two-story  frame  school  building, 
costing  $2,000,  has  recently  been  erected.  Adjoining  the  church  on  the  south 
is  the  parish  residence.     Within  the  past  three  years  over  $6,000  has  been  expended 


620  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


in  repairs  to  the  church  and  'the  parish  residence,  and  in  the  erection  of  the  new 
parochial  school.  Father  Siedlecki  has  charge,  also,  of  St.  Joseph's  church,  Morris 
Enn.     The  Polish  Catholics  of  Arnot  attend  the  church  in  Blossburg. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Blosslurg  was  incorporated  October  4,  1849, 
soon  after  its  organization.  A  house  of  worship  was  built  in  1853,  and  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1863.  James  H.  Gulick,  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour  and  others,  had  con- 
tributed towards  its  erection,  the  congregation  being  small  and  the  means  of  its 
members  limited.  In  1863  the  church  was  rebuilt,  but  a  dispute  arising  between 
the  congregation  and  Mr.  Gulick,  it  was  sold  to  the  Baptists,  and  the  society  soon 
after  ceased  to  exist. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Blossburg  may  be  said  to  be  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  First  Wesleyan  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Blossburg,  incorporated 
June  3,  1864,  with  Samuel  Kendriek,  Elisha  L.  IN'ash  and  Joel  Saxon  as  trustees. 
In  the  year  1867,  during  the  pastorate  over  the  latter  church  of  Eev.  J.  G.  Crane, 
Eev.  Harvey  Lamkin,  of  Mansfield,  was  called  to  organize  a  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  This  he  did,  Mr.  Crane  and  nearly  all  the  members  of  his  congregation 
Joining.  The  society  was  duly  incorporated  December  5,  1867.  The  following 
are  the  names  of  the  pastors:  Eevs.  M.  S.  Kymer,  1867-68;  Harvey  Lamkin, 
1870-74;  C.  G.  Lovell,  1874-76;  Charles  H.  AVright,  1876-79;  E.  N.  Leake,  1879-83; 
J.  B.  Shearer,  1883-84;  Eobert  Brewster,  1884^-died  June  34,  1887;  C.  S.  Carr, 
1887-88;  B.  J.  Tracy,  1888-93;  E.  S.  Annable,  1893-96;  J.  B.  Beadle,  the  present 
pastor,  who  took  charge  in  October,  1896.  A  church  edifice,  costing  $5,590,  was 
erected  in  1871  by  Samuel  Gaylord.  In  the  spring  and  summer  of  1895  this 
building  was  repaired,  within  and  without,  at  a  cost  of  $4,400.  A  handsome 
parsonage,  erected  in  1888,  and  costing  $3,000,  occupies  the  lot  just  west  of  the 
church.  The  church  and  parsonage,  which  are  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Tioga  river.  Just  north  of  the  Main  street  bridge,  are  valued  at  $10,000.  There 
are  now  175  members,  with  170  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Mrs.  M.  J. 
Brewster  is  superintendent.  There  are  also  ninety-six  members  in  the  Epworth 
League,  made  up  of  the  younger  members  of  the  church. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Blossburg  was  formally  recognized  by  a  council  of 
the  Baptist  churches  of  the  Tioga  Association  in  May,  1867.  Its  previous  history  is 
as  follows:  After  the  rebuilding  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  1863,  by  James  H. 
Gulick,  and  his  controversy  with  the  Presbyterian  congregation,  he  offered  the  build- 
ing to  several  denominations  in  Blossburg.  In  May,  1865,  Eevs.  G.  P.  Watrous  and 
N.  L.  Eeynolds  were  invited  by  Judge  L.  B.  Smith  and  Henry  Hollands  to  confer  with 
them  in  relation  to  purchasing  it  for  the  use  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  This  was 
done,  and  Eev.  IST.  L.  Eeynolds  became  the  pastor.  Henry  Hollands  was  chosen  clerk 
and  deacon,  L.  B.  Smith  and  Henry  Hollands,  trustees  in  behalf  of  the  church, 
and  A.  H.  Gaylord  for  the  congregation.  Mr.  Eeynolds  continued  as  pastor  until 
1871,  during  which  time  the  membership  increased  to  sixty-seven.  His  successors 
have  been  as  follows:  Eevs.  J.  A.  Baskwell,  June,  1871,  to  September,  1873;  E. 
S.  Mills,  December,  1873,  to  1878;  F.  K.  Fowler,  1878  to  June  30,  1886;  Eugene 
Eiehl,  December  5, 1886,  to  1891;  W.  C.  D.  Bond,  1891  to  July,  1896.  Eev.  Joseph 
Klucker,  the  present  pastor,  took  charge  in  September,  1896.  In  1889  the  present 
handsome  church  building,  occupying  the  old  building  site,  was  erected   at  a  cost 


BLOSSBUEli      BOEOUGH.  621 


of  $5,000,  and  was  dedicated  February  5, 1890,  the  building  committee  being  Henry 
Hollands,  D.  H.  Stratton,  Rev.  Eugene  Riehl  and  S.  S.  F.  Landon.  This  church 
has  a  large  membership,  and  is  prosperous.  The  Sunday-school  has  135  teachers 
and  pupils  and  is  in  charge  of  I.  M.  Horton,  superintendent. 

The  Second  Congregational  Cliureh  of  Blossburg  was  organized  in  1886,  and 
incorporated  rebruaxy  21,  1887.  The  first  pastor,  Eev.  James  Evans,  served  from 
the  organization  until  the  end  of  the  year  1887,  when  he  resigned.  April  1,  1888, 
Eev.  James  T.  Matthews,  the  present  pastor,  took  charge.  This  church  has  a  mem- 
bership of  about  100,  a  Sunday-school  of  150  pupils  and  a  Young  People's  Christian 
Endeavor  Society,  of  which  Charles  Parker  is  president,  of  forty-five  active  mem- 
bers. Isaac  Hewitt  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  In  the  fall  of 
1886  a  church  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  It  is  situated  on  the  west 
side  of  Williamson  street,  above  Lynd  street. 

The  Cemeteries  of  Blossburg,  four  in  number,  are  situated  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  borough.  They  are  known  as  Union,  Odd  Fellows,  the  English  Catholic  and 
the  Polish  Catholic  cemeteries,  and  are  used  as  burial  places  by  the  people  of  Bloss- 
burg, Amot,  Antrim,  Fall  Brook,  Morris  Run  and  Union.  Within  their  inclosure? 
lie  the  remains  of  many  of  the  earlier  settlers  in  each  of  those  places.  The  grounds 
of  each  are  fenced  and  well-cared  for,  and  many  of  the  graves  are  marked  by  hand- 
some granite  and  marble  monuments. 

SOCIETIES. 

Arhon  Lodge,  No.  489, 1.  0.  0.  P.,  was  organized  May  20,  1853.  The  first  ofii- 
cers  were:  John  James,  N.  G.;  J.  B.  Huisted,  V.  G.;  John  Lang,  S.;  Thomas  Han- 
son, P.  S.;  Evan  Bowen,  T.  It  flourished  and  met  regularly  until  1859,  when,  owing 
to  decrease  of  membership,  caused  by  withdrawals  and  removals,  it  suspended  work. 
It  was  reorganized  March  10,  1865.  This  is  the  parent  of  the  lodges  at  Morris  Run 
and  Fall  Brook.     It  now  numbers  241  members. 

Enterprise  Encampment,  No.  153,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  organized  April  20,  1867. 
The  first  officers  were:  T.  B.  Anderson,  C.  P.;  David  Harrison,  J.  W.;  Matthew 
Waddell,  H.  P.;  John  Dunsmore,  S.  W.;  John  Evans,  S.;  David  Brown,  T.;  James 
Wighton,  F.  G.;  William  Smart,  S.  G.    The  encampment  now  numbers  175  members. 

Faith  Degree  Lodge,  No.  9G,  Daughters  of  Rebekah,  was  instituted  October  30, 
1874,  with  thirty-eight  charter  members.  The  first  officers  were:  Thomas  Trimble, 
N".  G.;  Mrs.  Harriet  Mayo,  V.  G.;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Doane,  S.;  Mrs.  Lucy  Mold,  T.  This 
lodge  now  numbers  forty-nine  members. 

Bloss  Lodge,  No.  360,  A.  Y.  M.,  was  organized  March  9, 1865,  with  the  following 
officers:  James  P.  Taylor,  W.  M.;  Alfred  T.  James,  S.  W.;  A.  L.  Bodine,  J.  W.; 
T.  B.  Anderson,  T.;  Israel  G.  Wood,  S.;  Daniel  H.  Stratton,  S.  D.;  Rufus  Farr, 
J.  D.;  William  M.  Butler,  S.  M.  of  C;  L.  Auerback,  T.  The  names  of  the  past 
masters  of  this  lodge  are  as  follows:  James  P.  Taylor,  Rufus  Farr,  Nathan  Clegg, 
G.  V.  Putnam,  William  P.  Parker,  George  C.  Fuller,  Alfred  T.  James,  Rufus  Farr, 
Stephen  H.  Hollands,  Nelson  Ingram,  Hugh  Reynolds,  Samuel  McDougall,  Frank 
H.  Stratton,  Augustus  E.  Botchford,  George  D.  Clark,  W.  P.  Parker  and  Howard 
H.  Roberts.    The  lodge  now  numbers  ninety-six  members. 


Q22  HISTOBT    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


St.  Andrew's  C.  T.  A.  &  B.  Association  is  made  up  of  the  members  of  the  Cath- 
olic faith,  and  is  the  result  of  repeated  efforts  to  permanently  establish  a  total  ab- 
stinence society  in  Blossburg.  The  first  society,  non-sectarian,  was  organized  Jan- 
uary 1,  1868.  Its  officers  were  William  D.  Hyde,  P.;  J.  W.  Burgen,  S.;  Daniel 
McCarty,  T.,  and  Dennis  McCarty,  Timothy  Donoyan  and  Hugh  Kerwan  directors.. 
A  temperance  brass  band  was  also  organized.  The  membership  of  this  society 
soon  dwindled.  December  26,  1869,  the  faithful  few  met  and  organized  a  Catholic- 
temperance  society,  the  first  officers  of  which  were  Eev.  Gerald  McMurray,  P.;  Ed- 
ward Gavigan,  V.  P.;  Dr.  Patrick  Culnane,  T.;  Thomas  V.  Keefe,  L.,  and  M. 
Clohessy,  Thomas  Bradley  and  Dennis  McCarty,  Jr.,  directors.  This  organization 
also  went  out  of  existence  within  a  year  or  two.  Still  persevering,  however,  a  num- 
ber of  friends  of  temperance  met  August  16,  187-i,  in  the  tailor  shop  of  James. 
Conlon  and  organized  St.  Andrew's  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  and  Benevolent 
Association.  Similar  societies  have  since  been  organized  in  Arnot,  Fall  Brook,, 
Morris  Eun,  Antrim  and  Morris.  The  first  officers  were  Michael  Ely,  P.;  James 
Conlon,  T.;  Hugh  Kerwan,  E.  &  F.  S.,  and  Charles  H.  Bennet,  M.  This  society 
now  numbers  about  fifty-five  members   and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

St.  Andrew's  Society,  No.  SO,  C.  K.  of  A.,  was  chartered  January  3,  1879,  with, 
the  following  officers:  Edward  Gavigan,  P.;  J.  J.  McCarty,  V.  P.;  Philip  Gold- 
meyer,  S.;  Henry  Gilbert,  T.,  and  James  Leahy  and  John  Haily,  members.  The 
society  now  numbers  twenty-five  members. 

Division  No.  J^,  A.  0.  H.,  was  organized  in  September,  1890,  by  M.  S.  Murray,, 
county  president,  with  the  following  officers:  John  Lyons,  P.;  P.  J.  Donahue,  V. 
P.;  James  Cowley,  E.  S.;  W.  F.  O'Donnell,  F.  S.,  and  T.  J.  Golden,  T.  It  has  now 
forty  members.  The  officers  of  the  county  organization  are  as  follows:  M.  S.. 
Murray,  Blossburg,  president;  John  F.  Lynch,  Antrim,  secretary;  Edward  P. 
Eyan,  Arnot,  treasurer. 

Bhss  Lodge,  No.  167,  K.  of  H.,  was  organized  July  12,  1876.  The  first  officers; 
were  A.  J.  Owen,  P.  D.;  A.  T.  James,  D.;  Dr.  E.  G.  Drake,  V.  D.;  L.  A.  Wing,  A. 
D.;  D.  H.  Stratton,  C;  J.  A.  Hadley,  G.;  A.  J.  Pollock,  E.;  J.  L.  Davis,  P.  E.j 
G.  A.  Lewis,  T.;  Eobert  Davie,  G.;  James  Vaughan,  S.;  A.  J.  Owen,  L.  A.  Wing 
and  A.  M.  Ingham,  trustees;  A.  J.  Owen,  representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge,  and 
Dr.  E.  G.  Drake,  medical  director.     This  lodge  now  numbers  ninety-four  members. 

Lieut.  Henry  J.  Brown  Post,  No.  171,  0.  A.  R.,  was  organized  March  22,  1882,. 
and  was  named  in  honor  of  Li^ut.  Henry  J.  Brown,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sev- 
enth Ohio  Zouaves,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Slaughter  Mountain.  The  first 
officers  were  George  H.  Brown,  C;  George  Wilson,  S.  V.  C;  N.  H.  Eobbins,  0.  D.;: 
A.  J.  Brown,  Q.  M.;  S.  W.  Patterson,  0.  G.;  G.  W.  Sheffer,  E.  D.  E.;  P.  M.  Smith, 
Adj't;  George  Eiehter,  C.  B.;  Eev.  E.  S.  Schenck,  C,  and  Thomas  W.  Brown,  H. 
J.  Marvin,  Edward  W.  Maynard,  A.  J.  Brown,  Miles  G.  Lee,  D.  S.  Ireland,  N.  H. 
Eobbins,  F.  M.  Smith,  D.  J.  Williams,  Samuel  Trull,  Frank  Towner  and  I.  N. 
Ingram,  M.  D.,  members.  Lieutenant  Brown,  for  whom  the  post  was  named,  was- 
a  native  of  Covington.     The  post  now  numbers  forty-seven  members. 

Lieut.  Henry.  J.  Brown,  W.  R.  C,  No.  127,  was  organized  January  16,  1889. 
The  first  officers  were  as  follows:  Mrs.  Emily  Evans,  P.;  Mrs.  Phoebe  Botchford,_ 
S.  V.  P.;  Mrs.  Mattie  Marvin,  J.  V.  P.;  Mrs.  Ina  Cook,  S.;  Mrs.  Annie  S.  Evans,. 


BLOSSBUBG      BOEOUGH.  623 


T.;  Mrs.  Maggie  Tracy,  Ch.;  Mrs.  May  Marvin,  C;  Mrs.  Ruth  Trull,  G.;  Mrs. 
Helen  Trull,  A.  C;  Mrs.  Kate  Brown  and  Mrs.  Genie  Tracy,  A.  G.  Since  its  organi- 
zation this  corps  has  expended  for  relief  purposes,  in  money,  $150;  other  than  money, 
between  $900  and  $1,000.     It  now  numbers  forty-one  members. 

Tlie  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Blossburg  was  organized  April 
21, 1887.  The  first  officers  were  Mrs.  Mary  Jennings,  P.;  Mrs.  I.  M.  Horton,  R.  S.; 
Mrs.  D.  Botchford,  C.  S.,  and  Mrs.  Henry  Sendlinger,  T.  This  tmion  maintains  a  free 
reading  room. 

WasMngto7i  Camp,  No.  6^4,  P-  0.  S.  of  A.,  was  chartered  May  13,  1893,  with 
fifteen  members.  It  meets  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  building,  and  has  eighty-three 
members. 

LATER    BUSINESS    COEPOBATIONS. 

The  Blossburg  Petroleum  Company  was  chartered  June  11,  1877,  the  incorpora- 
tors being  A.  T.  James,  T.  J.  Mooers,  William  Larkin,  N.  Ingram,  Albert  Ward  and 
J.  C.  Horton.  The  company  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  boring  for  petroleum 
oil,  and  a  well  was  sunk  in  the  southern  part  of  the  borough.  Although  the  oil 
sand  was  reached,  the  well  proved  a  dry  one.  No  attempt  has  since  been  made  to 
sink  another  well. 

The  Blossburg  Water  Company  was  organized  in  July,  1891,  and  incorporated 
September  14,  1891,  with  $60,000  capital  stock,  divided  into  600  shares  of  $100 
each.  The  incorporators,  stockholders  and  directors  were  Hon.  Lemuel  Ammer- 
man,  president;  Hon.  Louis  A.  Watres,  vice-president;  Robert  C.  Adams,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  John  M.  Corbett  and  John  F.  Murphy.  This  company  was  organized 
for  the  purpose  of  supplying  Blossburg  with  water.  Work  on  the  plant  was  begun 
September  1,  1891,  and  the  water  turned  on  January  1,  1893.  The  gravity  system 
is  used,  the  water  being  brought  a  distance  of  two  and  three-fourths  miles,  the 
source  of  supply  being  Taylor  run  and  its  tributaries,  which  drain  an  area  of  nine 
square  miles.  The  storage  basin  on  Taylor  run  has  a  capacity  of  4,000,000  gallons. 
It  is  330  feet  above  the  borough  level.  Frank  H.  Stratton  is  the  superintendent 
of  the  company  in  Blossburg. 

The  Blossburg  Beef  Company,  organized  April  4,  1893,  is  a  branch  of  G.  F.  &, 
E.  C.  Swift,  Chicago.     A  cold  storage  building  for  the  reception  of  fresh  meats, 
shipped  from  Chicago  in  carload  lots,  was  erected  and  placed  in  charge  of  H.  E.  , 
DePui.     A  large  business  is  transacted  with  dealers  in  Blossburg,  Fall  Brook,  Morris. 
Run,  Arnot,  Covington  and  other  places. 

The  Blossburg  Building,  Real  Estate  and  Improvement  Company  was  chartered' 
October  3,  1893,  the  incorporators  being  R.  J.  Stillwell,  G.  M.  Hunt,  James  H. 
Mold,  A.  L.  Smith,  F.  B.  Smith,  and  John  L.  Davis,  treasurer.  The  capital  stock 
is  $10,000,  divided  into  300  shares  of  $50  each.  The  object  of  the  company  is  ex- 
pressed by  its  name. 

The  Miners  National  Bank  is  the  successor  of  a  private  banking  house  estab- 
lished May  1,  1871,  by  Horace  and  Samuel  W.  Pomeroy,  of  Troy,  Pennsylvania,  and 
W.  H.  Smith,  under  the  firm  name  of  Pomeroy  Brothers  &  Smith.  The  first  location 
was  in  the  Eagle  Hotel  block,  which  was  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  March,  1873.  The 
present  building  was  erected  in  June  of  that  year.     In  June,  1880,  Mr.  Smith  sold 


g24  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


his  interest  to  Frederick  E.  Smith,  of  Tioga,  and  the  firm  became  Pomeroy  Brothers 
&  F.  E.  Smith.  Mr.  Smith  died  October  8,  1889.  His  son,  A.  L.  Smith,  who  had 
entered  the  bank  in  1879,  and  had  filled  the  position  of  cashier,  became  the  repre- 
sentative of  his  father's  interest.  The  practical  management  of  the  bank,  which  had 
been  intrusted  to  him,  was  continued,  his  assistant  being  J.  L.  Davis.  Under^  his 
management  the  institution  prospered,  weathering,  for  twenty-five  years,  periods 
of  panic  and  financial  depression,  and  fully  meriting  the  confidence  in  its  stability 
reposed  in  it  by  the  public.  July  1,  1895,  the  capital  stock  of  $50,000  having  been 
previously  subscribed,  and  the  laws  relating  to  national  banks  complied  with,  it 
opened  as  the  Miners  National  Bank  of  Blossburg,  with  the  following  officers  and 
board  of  directors:  Samuel  W.  Pomeroy,  president;  L.  W.  Eighmey,  vice-president; 
A.  L.  Smith,  cashier;  J.  L.  Davis,  assistant  cashier,  and  S.  W.  Pomeroy,  L.  W. 
Eighmey,  A.  L.  Smith,  F.  B.  Smith  and  Charles  E.  Bullock,  directors.  Since  the 
organization  as  a  national  bank,  the  bank  building  has  been  remodeled  and  repaired 
throughout.  On  January  13,  1897,  A.  L.  Smith  was  elected  president,  to  succeed 
S.  W.  Pomeroy,  deceased;  L.  W.  Eighmey,  vice-president,  and  J.  L.  Davis,  cashier. 

THE    COTTAGE    STATE    HOSPITAL. 

A  hospital  for  injured  persons  of  the  bituminous  and  semi-bituminous  coal 
regions  of  Pennsylvania,  was  erected  in  Blossburg  during  the  year  1890,  under  an  act 
of  the  legislature,  providing  for  such  institutions,  framed  and  introduced  by  the 
Hon.  Horace  B.  Packer,  of  Wellsboro.  The  building  is  located  on  the  hillside,  east 
of  the  river,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough,  the  site  and  grounds  embracing 
five  acres,  being  elevated,  picturesque  and  healthful.  There  are  two  wards,  25x46' 
feet  each,  built  of  wood,  forming  north  and  south  wings  of  a  brick  administration 
building  located  between  them.  In  the  latter  is  the  office,  the  operating  room  and 
a  hall  connecting  the  two  wards,  the  dining  room  and  the  kitchen.  In  the  second 
story  are  the  pharmacy,  the  linen  room  and  the  sleeping  rooms  of  the  matron  and 
nurses.  There  is  also  an  annex  building  or  ward  separate  from  the  main  building, 
for  the  purpose  of  isolating  patients  who  may  develop  contagious  diseases.  In  the 
main  building  are  thirty-nine  beds  and  in  the  annex  twelve.  There  is  also  an  ice 
house,  a  bam  and  open  carriage  sheds.  The  building  was  delivered  to  the  State 
October  30,  1890,  by  David  Cameron,  and  the  first  patient  received  ia  February, 
1891.  The  first  physician  was  Dr.  H.  E.  Caldwell.  His  successors  have  been  Dr. 
E.  M.  Haley  and  Dr.  G.  D.  Crandall,  the  present  physician.  Mrs.  A.  E.  Strait,  the 
matron,  is  assisted  by  two  nurses,  one  for  the  male  and  one  for  the  female  ward. 

This  hospital  is  intended  principally  for  the  treatment,  free  of  charge,  of  per- 
sons injured  in  the  bituminous  coal  region,  but  pay  patients,  except  those  suffering 
from  contagious  diseases,  are  also  received  and  treated.  The  institution  is  managed 
by  a  board  of  trustees,  constituted  as  follows:  W.  S.  bearing,  Morris  Eun,  presi- 
dent; Hon.  Charles  Tubbs,  Osceola,  vice-president;  Henry  J.  Landrus*,  Wellsboro, 
secretary;  Hugh  Cunningham,  Arnot,  treasurer,  and  Eichard  T.  Dodson*,  Arnot; 

*  since  this  article  was  compiled,  Henry  J.  Landrus,  Richard  T.  Dodson  and  John  Van  Dyke  have  died. 
The  vacancies  thus  created  in  the  board  have  been  filled  by  the  appointment  of  A.  Lee  Smith,  of  Blossburg ; 
Frank  H.  Dartt,  of  Arnot,  and  Aaron  R.  Niles,  of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Innes,  of  Canton,  succeeded  Mr.  Landrus  as 
secretary  of  the  board. 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  625 


Jacob  Jones,  Blossburg;  Daniel  Innes,  Canton;  Hamilton  B.  Humes,  Jersey  Shore, 
and  John  Van  Dyke*,  Canton.  The  governor  of  the  State,  judges  of  the  several 
courts  of  record  of  the  Commonwealth,  inspectors  of  mines  and  members  of  the 
legislature  are  ex-officio  visitors.  The  institution  is  maintained  and  supported  by 
legislative  appropriations. 


CHAPTEE  LIY. 

HAMILTON   TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Physical  Chabacteeistics— Mineral,  Wealth— Streams— Rail- 
roads—Population— Justices  OF  THE  Peace — Morris  Run  Mines  and  Rail- 
road—Coal Minino  Companies— The  Village  of  Morris  Run— Schools  and 
Churches — Societies. 


HAMILTON  township  was  created  December  5,  1871,  its  territory  being  taken 
from  Bloss  and  Ward  townships.  It  is  one  of  the  smaller  townships  of  the 
county  and  contains  about  fifteen  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  broken  and  for  the 
most  part  mountainous,  and  was  originally  covered  with  a  heavy  forest  growth. 
The  pine  and  hemlock  have  been  nearly  all  cut  away,  while  a  large  amount  of  hard- 
wood timber  is  annually  used  for  props,  etc.,  in  the  coal  mines.  The  elevation 
ranges  from  1,360  to  1,800  feet  above  the  sea  level.  Nearly  the  entire  area  of  the 
township  is  underlaid  with  coal,  iron  ore  and  fire  clay.  Of  the  coal,  three  veins, 
the  Seymour,  Bloss  and  Bear  Eun,  are  workable.  The  township  is  well  watered, 
the  principal  stream  being  the  Tioga  river,  which  flows  in  a  northwesterly  direction 
through  the  southern  half,  receiving  Carpenter  run,  which  flows  from  the 
south,  and  Morris  run,  which  flows  from,  the  northwest.  The  valley  of  the 
Tioga  is  traversed  by  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  and  that  of  Morris  run  by 
the  Morris  Eun  railroad.  The  lands  of  the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany occupy  nearly  the  entire  area  of  the  township,  the  portion  devoted  to 
agriculture  being  very  limited.  "With  the  exception  of  some  twenty-five  or  thirty 
families  at  Cummings'  mills,  near  the  southeast  comer  of  the  Blossburg  borough 
limits;  a  few  families  at  Aylesworth  mill,  near  the  mouth  of  Taylor  run,  and  a 
small  settlement  of  Polish  families  in  the  northern  part  of  the  township,  the  popu- 
lation is  confined  to  the  village  of  Morris  Eun.  In  1880  the  census  returns  showed 
3,060  inhabitants,  and  in  1890,  2,375. 

The  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  has  been  filled  as  follows:    "W.  S.  Nearing, 
elected  in  1873;  W.  L.  Eichards,  1873;  Nathan  Church,  1877;  Samuel  Woodhouse, 
1877;  re-elected  in  1883,  1887,  1893  and  1897. 
40 


626  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

MOEBTS    EUN    MINES    AND    EAILEOAD. 

In  1832  when  Eiehard  C.  Taylor  made  a  geographical  survey  of  the  region  in 
and  around  Blossburg,  he  discovered  the  existence  of  several  coal  veins  in  the  valley 
of  Morris  run,  a  small  mountain  stream  which  rises  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Ham- 
ilton township,  flows  southwest,  and  empties  into  the  Tioga  river  near  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  Blossburg  borough  limits.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  Hon.  Samuel 
W.  Morris,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Wellsboro,  prominently  identified  with  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Corning  and  Blossburg  railroad.  In  1852  explorations,  with  a  view  to 
opening  up  new  coal  mines,  were  carried  on  in  the  valley  of  this  stream,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Tioga  Improvement  Company,  with  the  result  that  coal  of  a  superior 
quality  and  in  paying  quantities  was  discovered  near  its  headwaters,  about  two  and 
a  half  miles  east  of  Blossburg.  Steps  were  immediately  taken  to  mine  and  market 
the  coal.  In  order  to  do  this  it  became  necessary  to  build  a  line  of  railroad  from 
Blossburg,  along  the  valley  of  the  Tioga  river,  to  Morris  run,  and  up  the  valley  of 
that  stream  to  the  coal  openings.  This  road  was  surveyed  during  the  same  year 
by  Col.  Pharon  Jarrett,  of  Lock  Haven,  Pennsylvania,  assisted  by  Humphries  Brewer 
and  J.  Livingstone,  and  completed  in  October,  1853.  It  is  four  miles  in  length,  and 
rises  from  an  elevation  above  tidewater  of  1,348  feet  at  Blossburg  to  1,687  feet  at 
Morris  Eun.    It  is  now  operated  as  a  part  of  the  "Erie"  system. 

COAL    MINING    COMPANIES. 

The  Morris  Eun  mines  were  opened  in  1853  and  were  operated  ixntil  1863  by 
the  Tioga  Improvement  Company,  during  which  time  there  were  mined  333,174 
tons  of  coal.  John  Young  was  the  first  mining  superintendent  of  the  company, 
and  James  Brown,  Peter  Cameron,  Jr.,  and  Henry  J.  Landrus  weighmasters. 
The  office  of  the  company  was  located  at  Blossburg,  and  that  of  the  superintendent 
occupied  a  log  building  at  Morris  Eun.  Alfred  Jones  was  appointed  general  sales 
agent  at  Coming,  New  York,  and  also  a  paymaster  of  the  company. 

From  1863  to  1864  the  mines  were  operated  imder  lease  by  the  Salt  Company 
of  Onondaga  county,  New  York,  with  business  office  at  Syracuse.  MaJ.  T.  B. 
Anderson  was  appointed  mercantile  agent,  and  the  business  of  the  company  carried 
on  more  extensively  than  before.  Stores,  offices,  chutes  and  an  increased  number 
of  dwellings  were  erected.  During  this  period,  and  later,  under  the  Morris  Euri 
Coal  Company,  John  J.  Davis  was  employed  in  exploring  and  developing  the  mines. 
He  opened  the  East  and  Salt  Lake  drifts,  advocated  and  adopted  the  T  rail  for  mine 
tramways,  ajid  was  the  first  to  introduce  mules  in  the  mines. 

In  1864  the  Salt  Company  was  succeeded  by  the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Company. 
This  company  was  chartered  October  3,  1864,  with  $300,000  capital,  and  consisted 
of  S.  P.  Haskin,  president;  John  F.  Dee,  treasurer,  who,  with  L.  Gleason  and 
Thomas  T.  Davis,  all  of  Onondaga  county,  New  York,  formed  the  board  of  directors. 
The  company's  offices  were  located  at  Blossburg,  with  a  business  office  at  Syracuse, 
New  York.  ^Y.  S.  Nearing,  at  first  employed  as  civil  and  mining  engineer,  was 
before  the  close  of  the  year  given  full  control  as  superintendent.  This  position  he 
has  filled  with  marked  ability  for  thirty-two  years.  Every  improvement  or  appliance 
tending  to  facilitate  the  working  of  the  mines  or  promote  the  health  and  safety  of 
the  miners,  that  has  stood  the  test  of  successful  operation,  has  been  adopted  by  him, 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  627 


and  the  mines  under  his  charge  are  reputed  to  be  among  the  best  ventilated  and 
the  best  managed  in  the  State. 

In  1877  the  Morris  Run  Coal  Company  was  succeeded  by  the  Morris  Eun  Coal 
Mining  Company.  This  company  wisely  retained  the  old  employes,  almost  with- 
out exception,  and  many  of  them  are  still  in  its  service.  Promotions  have  come  to 
those  who  have  proved  themselves  faithful  and  capable.  Patrick  F.  O'Donnell, 
cashier  and  paymaster  of  the  company,  has  held  that  position  since  March,  1868, 
and  has  disbursed  millions  of  dollars.  In  the  office  with  him  are  his  son,  John 
F.  O'Donnell,  book-keeper,  and  William  Tipton,  time-keeper.  William  O'Donnell, 
another  son,  is  the  freight  and  ticket  agent  of  the  company.  Thomas  V.  Keefe, 
the  telegraph  operator  and  shipping  clerk,  worked  in  the  mines  as  a  boy,  and  has 
reached  his  present  position  by  successive  promotions.  James  C.  Hadley,  mining 
foreman,  is  an  old  employe.  Michael  DriscoU,  foreman  of  the  Jones  mine,  has 
been  employed  in  Morris  Run  since  the  opening  of  the  mines,  coming  from  Bloss- 
burg  in  1854.  Campbell  Haddow,  foreman  of  the  "Lake"  or  "New"  mine,  has 
been  in  the  company's  employ  over  twenty  years.  The  weighmasters  are  John 
Palmer,  at  the  Jones  mine,  and  John  Hayes,  one  of  the  oldest  employes  of  the  com- 
pany, at  the  "Lake"  or  "New"  mine.  Henry  Hollands  held  the  position  of  weigh- 
master  at  Blossburg  from  May  18,  1863,  to  his  death,  November  28,  1895.  His 
successor  is  Frank  H.  Stratton.  Homer  C.  Treat,  the  outside  foreman,  has  charge 
of  the  saw-mill  and  of  the  force  employed  in  the  woods  getting  out  logs,  tan  bark 
and  timber  for  mine  props.  The  saw-mill  has  a  capacity  of  20,000  feet  of  lumber 
a  day. 

The  Jones  mine  is  ventilated  by  a  twenty-foot  exhausting  fan,  driven  by 
steam.  The  "New"  mine  is  ventilated  by  shafts.  Coal  from  the  Jones  mine  is 
conveyed  to  the  chutes  in  mine  cars  hauled  by  an  endless  wire  rope  or  cable;  the 
cars  in  the  "New"  mine  are  hauled  by  mules  to  the  main  drift,  and  then  by  mine 
locomotives  to  the  chiites.  Dm-ing  1894  there  were  709  men  employed  by  the 
company,  533  of  whom  were  miners.  The  average  number  of  days  worked  by  each 
man  during  the  year  was  138f,  and  the  total  amount  of  coal  mined  309,861  tons. 
The  mining  and  timber  lands  of  the  company  embrace  about  7,000  acres,  and  are 
situated  in  Hamilton,  Ward,  Union,  Bloss  and  Covington  townships. 

The  Tioga  and  Morris  Run  Telegraph  Company  was  chartered  September  23, 
1879,  the  incorporators  being  W.  S.  Nearing,  Morris  Eun;  A.  J.  Owen,  Fall  Brook; 
Anton  Hardt,  Alonzo  H.  Gorton  and  George  E.  Bowen.  The  line  built  by  this 
company  runs  from  Tioga  Junction  to  Morris  Eun  and  Fall  Brook,  and  is  for  the 
use  principally  of  the  Morris  Eun  and  Fall  Brook  Coal  Companies. 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    MOEHIS    RUN. 

As  a  preparation  for  the  working  of  the  mines  and  the  building  up  about  them 
of  a  mining  village,  sixteen  log  houses  were  erected  in  1853,  the  first  occupants  of 
which  were  Joseph  and  Henry  Mitchell,  James  E.  Cameron,  Joseph  Hughes,  Frank 
Smith,  Samuel  Vickers,  John  Nailor,  William  Kelley,  Andrew  Baird,  William  E. 
Gilmour,  William  Bland,  Dennis  Mooney,  John  Kelley  and  James  Brown.  An 
office  building  for  the  superintendent  and  a  store  building  were  soon  afterward 
erected,  as  were  also  coal  chutes,  switches,  etc. 


628  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

After  the  Morris  Run  Coal  Company  assumed  control  of  the  mines  the  village 
grew  rapidly.  Churches  and  lodges  were  organized  and  schools  established,  and 
large  accessions  to  the  mining  population  were  received  from  Wales,  England, 
Scotland  and  Ireland.  In  1874  there  were  3,350  inhabitants,  occupying  356 
dwellings.  The  present  business  interests  include  a  general  store,  owned  by  G-eorge 
A.  Magee,  and  managed  by  M.  Tucker,  agent.  It  is  patronized  by  employes  of  the 
company,  and  the  amount  of  business  done  each  year  is  very  large.  Abemathy 
&  Company  run  the  meat  market  and  also  a  wholesale  liquor  store; 

A  postoffice  was  established  soon  after  the  opening  of  the  mines,  the  first  post- 
master being  John  James,  Jr.  His  successors  have  been  E.  C.  Bailey,  Stephen 
Bowen,  T.  G.  Dallman,  Philip  Williams  and  Lewis  Hearing. 

The  resident  physicia^as  are  Dr.  H.  E.  Caldwell  and  Dr.  J.  H.  Keily,  each  of 
whom  carries  on  a  drug  store  in  connection  with  his  practice.  Among  the  pre- 
decessors of  Drs.  Caldwell  and  Keily  were  Dr.  William  Caldwell,  who  came  in  1867 
and  remained  until  1891;  Dr.  Charles  Drake,  Dr.  Nathan  Ingram,  Dr.  Griffin, 
Dr.  W.  W.  Williams,  Dr.  Smythe,  Dr.  Henry  Kilbourn  and  Dr.  M.  L.  Bacon. 

The  Hamilton  House,  erected  in  1864,  is  the  only  hotel.  The  first  landlord 
was  Frederick  Caldwell,  succeeded  by  David  Wetzel,  Capt.  E.  C.  Bailey,  George 
W.  Philhps,  Stephen  Bowen,  T.  G.  Dallman  and  Niel  Munro. 

SCHOOLS    AND    CHURCHES. 

There  are  two  public  school  buildings  in  Morris  Eun.  Five  teachers  are  em- 
ployed, and  the  schools  hold  a  creditable  rank  among  those  of  the  county.  A  public 
school  is  also  maintained  at  Cummings'  mill.  The  children  of  the  Polish  families 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  township  attend  a  school  erected  in  1895  just  across  the 
Covington  township  line,  but  on  the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Mining  Company's  land. 
There  is  also  in  Morris  Eun  a  parochial  school,  conducted  by  Eev.  S.  Siedlecki, 
pastor  of  the  Polish  Eoman  Catholic  church.  In  this  school  both  the  Polish  and 
English  languages  are  taught. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Morris  Run  was  organized  July  5,  1856,  with  the 
following  membership:  xilexander  and  Jean  Pollock,  James  and  Marion  Brown, 
Andrew  and  Catherine  Baird,  John  and  Janet  Dunsmore,  William  and  Jane  Gil- 
mour,  William  and  Catherine  Watchman,  John  and  Elizabeth  Baird,  James  Mor- 
rison, Mrs.  Mary  Young  and  Mrs.  Mary  Eodolph.  Alexander  Pollock  was  chosen 
elder;  William  Gilmour,  deacon,  and  James  Brown,  clerk.  Eev.  Sidney  Mills  was 
the  acting  pastor.  This  church  maintained  its  organization  until  1859.  On  May 
11,  1864,  after  a  lapse  of  about  five  years,  the  First  Presbyterian  church  in  Morris 
Eun  was  organized  with  twenty-one  members,  most  of  whom  belonged  to  the  church 
organized  in  1856.  This  church  continued  as  an  organized  society  until  1877,  when, 
owing  to  the  removal  of  the  greater  part  of  its  membership  to  Arnot,  it  passed  out 
of  existence.     The  last  entry  in  the  session  book  is  dated  August  26,  1877. 

The  Welsh  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  the  year  1864.  The  first  pastor 
was  Eev.  J.  E.  Harris,  the  deacons  John  M.  Jenkins  and  William  S.  Edwards.  A 
church  building  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  August,  1873.  It  is  a  neat  and 
attractive  edifice,  capable  of  seating  400  persons,  and  represents  an  outlay  of  $3,500. 
The  church  has  had  no  pastor  for  several  years. 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  g29 


The  Primitive  Methodist  Church  is  the  successor  of  a  Welsh  congregation 
organized  in  1864.  The  present  organization  was  effected  about  1869.  The  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1866,  and,  with  repairs  and  improvements,  has  cost  about  $3,400. 
The  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  church  are  as  follows:  Eevs.  Thomas 
Bateman,  Mr.  Sniffin,  John  Acornly,  D.  Savage,  John  Mason,  John  Atkinson, 
Thomas  McKay,  S.  Hancock,  W.  Gratton  and  T.  M.  Phillips,  who  has  had  charge 
since  June,  1894.  Thomas  P.  Cornish  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 
The  church  numbers  thirty  members,  and  the  Sunday-school  has  an  average  attend- 
ance of  ninety  pupils. 

The  First  Welsh  Congregation  of  Morris  Bun  was  organized  about  1864,  and 
was  regularly  chartered,  under  the  above  name,  January  29, 1867,  the  trustees  being 
David  Jones,  John  E.  Jones  and  David  Davis.  Rev.  Philip  Peregrine,  of  Bloss- 
burg,  was  the  first  pastor.  Eev.  F.  Tilo  Evans,  also  of  Blossburg,  served  this  church 
for  a  number  of  years.  Eemovals  weakened  its  membership,  who  being  unable  to 
support  a  pastor,  have  for  several  years  worshiped  with  the  church  in  Blossburg. 

St.  Mary's  Soman  Catholic  Church  was  organized  December  31,  1883,  when  the 
following  officers  were  elected:  Eev.  P.  J.  Murphy,  chairman;  P.  P.  O'Donnell, 
treasurer;  Thomas  V.  Keefe,  secretary,  and  Daniel  Pogarty,  Philip  Haily,  David 
Hays,  P.  P.  O'Donnell,  Thomas  V.  Keefe  and  Eev.  P.  J.  Murphy,  building  com- 
mittee. A  neat  building,  costing  $1,500 — ^the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany contributing  the  lumber — ^was  erected,  and  was  opened  for  service  on  Christmas 
day,  1883.  This  church  is  served  by  the  pastor  of  St.  Andrew's  Eoman  Catholic 
church,  Blossburg,  in  which  charge  it  has  been  since  its  organization.  There  is 
connected  with  this  church  a  branch  of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  and  Benevo- 
lent Association,  with  a  large  membership. 

St.  Joseph's  Roman  Catholic  Church  (Polish)  was  organized  in  1892.  Its  mem- 
bership consists  of  about  150  families,  with  seventy  children  in  the  Sunday-school. 
The  church  building,  a  commodious  frame  edifice,  cost  $4,000.  This  church  is  under 
the  charge  of  the  pastor  of  the  Polish  Catholic  church  in  Blossburg. 

The  Swedish  Lutheran  Church  was  organized  in  1888.  It  holds  services  in  a 
neat  edifice,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $600.  There  are  about  one  hundred  members  in 
the  church,  and  thirty-five  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Albert  Swenson 
is  the  superintendent.  Although  this  church  has  had  no  regular  pastor,  its  pulpit 
has  been  supplied  by  students  from  the  Lutheran  college  at  Eock  Island,  Illinois 
Eev.  0.  A.  Johnson,  a  student  of  this  college,  has  been  serving  the  church  for  the 
past  year. 

The  Morris  Run  Baptist  Church  was  organized  August  20,  1896,  with  twenty- 
two  members,  and  was  admitted  into  the  Tioga  Baptist  Association,  September  3, 
1896.  This  society  worships  in  the  old  Welsh  Baptist  church  building,  and  is  in 
charge  of  Eev.  J.  A.  Klucker,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Blossburg. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  societies  of  Morris  Eun  are  an  important  factor  in  promoting  social  and 
fraternal  feeling  among  the  diverse  nationalities  that  make  up  its  population.  The 
pioneer  society  is  Morris  Eun  Lodge,  No.  698, 1.  0.  0.  P.  It  was  instituted  January 
33,  1870,  with  forty-one  members,  and  has  now  nearly  100.     Louisa  Lodge,  No. 


630  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

105,  D.  of  E.,  was  organized  May  14,  1875.  After  flourishing  for  several  years  it 
surrendered  its  charter,  but  was  revived  in  1895.  Tioga  Lodge,  IS"o.  304,  K.  of  P., 
was  organized  June  22,  1871,  with  twenty-four  charter  members,  since  increased 
to  150.  Caradog  Ap  Bran,  No.  11,  Adran  P.,  a  "Welsh  social  and  benevolent  organi- 
zation, known  as  "Ivorites,"  was  organized  May  14,  1872.  A  few  years  ago  it  was 
merged  with  the  lodge  at  Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  county,  by  reason  of  removals 
and  decreased  membership.  Morris  Eun  Lodge,  Ko.  109, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  was  organized 
June  27,  1888.  It  now  numbers  twenty  members.  Division  No.  3,  A.  0.  H.,  was 
organized  August  25,  1889,  and  has  now  upwards  of  sixty  members. 


CHAPTEE  LY. 

WAED  TOWNSHIP. 

Oeganization— Reduction  of  Area— Drainage— Population— Justices  of  the 
Pbace—EaelySettlers— ManufactuhingEnterpbises— Schools— Churches, 
Cemeteries  and  Societies. 


w 


'AED  township,  named  in  honor  of  C.  L.  Ward,  of  Towanda,  Pennsylvania,  was 
.  .  organized  in  February,  1852,  and  was  taken  from  Sullivan  and  Union  town- 
ships. In  August,  1864,  its  area  was  diminished  by  the  creation  of  Fall  Brook  bor- 
ough. It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Sullivan  township;  on  the  east  by  Bradford 
county;  on  the  south  by  Union  township,  and  on  the  west  by  Hamilton  and  Coving- 
ton townships.  It  is  an  upland  township,  lying  for  the  most  part  along  the  sum- 
mit and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Armenia  mountain,  .through  which  flow  the  Tioga 
river  and  its  headwater  branches.  These  are  Fellows'  creek,  Highbank  creek, 
Brandy  run  and  Little  Falls  creek,  which  flow  from  the  north;  and  Eathbone  creek, 
which  flows  from  the  east,  and  South  creek,  from  the  south.  Joiner's  creek,  which 
flows  through  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township,  is  a  branch  of  South  creek. 
The  river  itself  passes  through  the  township  from  northeast  to  southwest.  A  large 
portion  of  the  surface  of  Ward  is  underlaid  with  semi-bituminous  coal,  similar  in 
kind  and  quality  to  that  mined  in  Fall  Brook  and  Monis  Eun,  and  known  as  Bloss- 
burg  coal.  These  deposits  have  not  yet  been  developed.  When  the  township  was 
flrst  settled  its  area  was  nearly  all  covered  by  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  The 
greater  part  of  this  has  been  manufactured  into  lumber. 

Though  containing  a  larger  portion  of  unimproved  land  than  most  of  the  other 
townships  of  the  county,  Ward  has  many  well-improved  and  well-cultivated  farms. 
It  has  grown  slowly  but  steadily.  In  1870  there  were  285  inhabitants;  in  1880, 
327,  and  in  1890,  442. 


WAED    TOWNSHIP.  631 


The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
formation  of  the  township:  Erastus  Kiii,  1853;  re-elected,  1858  and  1865;  Zalmon 
Gregory,  1853;  James  D.  Hill,  1858;  James  Heron,  1863;  L.  C.  Shepard,  1864; 
William  E.  Lyon,  1865;  re-elected,  1870;  Tracy  0.  HoUis,  1870;  re-elected,  1876 
and  1881;  George  K.  Beardsley,  1875;  Wallace  Chase,  1881;  re-elected,  1886  and 
1891;  A.  A.  Griswold,  1884,  and  C.  H.  Smith,  1897. 

EAELY    SETTLEKS. 

The  first  settlement  in  the  township  was  made  on  Armenia  mountain,  near 
the  head  of  Fellow^'  creek,  along  the  Sullivan  township  line.  Here  Eussell  Eose, 
a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  an  officer  on  AVashington's  staff  during  the  Eevolu- 
tionary  War,  located  in  1807.  It  is  said  that  a  numher  of  others  from  the  New 
England  states  settled  in  the  same  neighborhood,  but,  discovering  soon  afterward 
that  better  land  lay  in  the  valleys,  abandoned  their  locations,  Eussell  Eose  removing 
to  Sullivan  township.  This  portion  of  Ward  township  now  bears  the  name  of  the 
"Old  Possessions." 

No  further  attempts  at  settlement  appear  to  have  been  made  until  after  1830. 
Among  the  earHest  settlers  were  WHliam  aad  Matthias  Mcintosh,  who  settled  in 
Mcintosh  Hollow,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  about  1835.  In  this 
year,  also,  Andrew  KnifiBn  settled  on  the  place  now  occupied  by  his  grandson,  Daniel 
TTTiifRTi.  About  1839  Erastus  Kiff  settled  on  Eathbone  creek,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  township.  Among  other  early  settlers  were  Walter  Dewey,  Samuel  Beach, 
John  Purvis,  William  E.  Lyon,  J.  W.  Fletcher,  Daniel  Hagar,  Phineas  B.  Fields, 
W.  B.  Gates  and  Eoswell  Joiner,  all  of  whom  came  between  1840  and  1850.  When 
the  first  assessment  of  the  township  was  made  in  1853,  there  were  forty-two  resident 
taxables. 

MANtTFACTUHING    ENTBEPEISES. 

A  saw-mill  was  erected  about  1853,  on  the  Tioga  river,  in  Mcintosh  Hollow, 
by  William  Mcintosh,  and  was  operated  by  himself  and  M.  E.  Mcintosh  for  nearly 
fifteen  years.  It  was  afterwaxds  operated  by  Mcintosh  &  Kinch  and  Mcintosh  & 
Thomas.  The  next  mill  was  erected,  about  1855,  by  John  M.  and  Erastus  Kiff,  on 
Eathbone  creek,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  They  carried  it  on  until  about 
1870,  when  Warren  Whiteman  took  it  and  ran  it  for  several  years.  About  1863  W  E. 
Lyon  built  a  saw-mUl  near  the  mouth  of  Eathbone  creek.  The  mill,  within  a  few 
years,  became  the  property  of  Wallace  Chase  and  was  run  by  him  and  those  associated 
with  him  up  to  1890.  A  number  of  other  mills  were  established  in  different  parts  of 
the  township  and  operated  as  long  as  the  timber  supply  lasted.  The  present  enter- 
prises consist  of  the  steam  saw-mill  of  G.  M.  Coons,  near  the  head  of  Joiner's  creek, 
and  the  acid  factory  of  Beardsley  Brothers  &  Ehoads,  near  Chase's  Mills. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  pioneer  school  hot^e  of  the  township,  a  log  structure,  was  erected,  between 
1845  and  1850,  in  Mcintosh  Hollow.  One  of  the  earliest  teachers  was  Mary  Welch. 
Susannah  Bascom,  now  the  widow  of  John  M.  Kiff,  taught  about  1854.  Other 
early  teachers  tri  the  to^vnship  were  Electa  Lyon,  Elizabeth  Coovert,  Eliza  Ann 


632  HISTOEY      OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

Taber,  Adelia  Denmark  and  Amoretta  KifE,  now  Mrs.  John  E.  EoUoson.  A  num- 
ber of  the  early  schools  were  taught  in  private  houses.  There  are  now  four  schools 
in  the  township,  in  which  school  is  maintained  six  months  in  the  year. 

CHURCHES,    CEMETEEIES    AND     SOCIETIES. 

During  the  earlier  years  of  the  township's  history  religious  services  were  held 
in  private  dwellings  and  school  houses.  The  first  services  were  held  by  Eev.  John 
Spaulding.  He  was  followed  by  other  itinerant  ministers,  who  visited  the  town- 
ship from  time  to  time.  A  Baptist  church  was  organized  in  the  winter  of  1879-80, 
and  for  several  years  held  regular  services.  Deaths  and  removals,  however,  de- 
pleted its  numbers,  and  those  who  are  left  now  attend  the  churches  in  Canton  and 
Alba. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Ward  Township  was  chartered  May 
31,  1881.  It  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  started  several  years  before,  and  organ- 
ized with  twelve  members.  In  1883  a  house  of  worship,  costing  $1,200,  was  erected 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  This  church  now  numbers  thirty-five  mem- 
bers, is  in  the  Canton  charge  and  has  been  served  by  the  pastors  of  the  church  in 
Canton,  Bradford  county.  It  maintains  a  Sunday-school  of  forty-five  pupils,  with 
Wilson  Hill  as  superintendent. 

The  Cemeteries  of  this  township  are  unincorporated.  They  are  all  early  burial 
places.  One  is  located  in  Mcintosh  Hollow,  another  in  the  Kniffin  neighborhood 
and  a  third  near  the  Eed  school  house.  Many  of  the  residents  of  the  township  bury 
their  dead  in  the  cemetery  at  Canton. 

Ward  Grange,  No.  900,  P.  of  H.,  was  first  organized  October  3,  1875,  and  re- 
organized March  2,  1883.  It  owns  and  meets  in  a  hall  building,  erected  in  1883, 
near  the  Segar  school,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  It  has  now  forty-five 
members,  embracing  the  leading  farmers  of  that  section,  and  it  is  one  of  the  strong 
and  prosperous  granges  of  the  county. 


•  CHAPTER  LVI. 

FALL  BEOOK  BOROUGH. 

Location  and  Surroundings— The  Fall  Bkook  Coal  Company— Its  Organiza- 
tion AND  History— Borough  Organization  and  Officials— Schools- 
Churches — Societies. 


THE  borough  of  Fall  Brook  is  situated  about  six  miles  east  of  Blossburg,  on  Fall 
brook,  formerly  called  Fall  creek,  one  of  the  headwater  tributaries  of  the 
Tioga  river.  The  altitude,  railroad  level,  is  1,843  feet  above  tidewater.  The  land 
embraced  within  the  borough  limits,  as  well  as  several  thousand  acres  in  Ward  and 
Union  townships,  is  owned  by  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  whose  principal  busi- 
ness is  the  mining  and  shipping  of  coal.  A  limited  number  of  men  are  employed 
in  the  saw-mill,  manufacturing  lumber,  and  in  the  woods,  in  getting  out  logs  and 
tan  bark.  The  Fall  Brook  railway,  owned  and  operated  by  the  company,  connects 
at  Blossburg  with  the  Tioga  branch  of  the  "Erie."  By  a  traffic  arrangement  with 
the  latter  company,  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  is  enabled  to  ship  its  coal  to  Corn- 
ing, ISTew  York,  and  other  distributing  points. 

From  the  opening  of  the  mines  in  December,  1859,  to  1873,  the  population  of 
Fall  Brook  increased  rapidly,  and  in  1872  was  estimated  at  3,300.  Strikes,  financial 
depression,  and  the  transfer  of  a  large  number  of  miners  and  their  families  to  Antrim 
and  Clermont,  have  reduced  the  number  of  working  miners  to  135,  and  the  popula- 
tion to  about  700.  Though  of  different  nationalities  originally,  the  miners  are, 
with  few  exceptions,  American  citizens,  and  they  and  their  families  form  a  homo- 
geneous, sociable,  order-loving  and  law-abiding  community.  The  population  for 
each  decade  since  the  borough  was  organized,  as  shown  by  the  census  returns,  is  as 
follows:    1870,  1,390;   1880,  860,  and  1890,  835, 

THE  FALL  BEOOK  COAL  COMPANY. 

In  1851  Hon.  John  Magee,  of  Bath,  New  York,  became  the  owner  of  that  por- 
tion of  the  Coming  and  Blossburg  railroad  lying  between  Corning,  New  York,  and 
Lawrenceville,  Pennsylvania.  In  that  year,  also,  Mallory  &  Bostwick,  of  Coming, 
surrendered  to  him  their  lease  of  the  coal  mines  at  Blossburg.  Mr.  Magee  at  once 
set  about  making  these  properties  productive  and  profitable.  He  replaced  the  old 
strap  rail  on  his  portion  of  the  road  with  T  rails,  and  persuaded  the  stockholders 
of  the  line  between  Lawrenceville  and  Blossburg  to  do  the  same.  He  next  devoted 
his  energies  to  the  mines  at  Blossburg,  the  superintendence  of  which  he  entrusted 
to  his  son,  Duncan  S.  Magee.  The  latter  soon  became  dissatisfied  with  working  the 
mines  under  a  lease.  He  desired  ownership,  and  with  that  end  in  view,  obtained 
permission,  in  the  spring  of  1856,  from  Hon.  C.  L.  "Ward,  of  Towanda,  Pennsylvania, 
to  explore  for  coal  on  his  land,  at  that  time  embracing  nearly  the  entire  area  of 
Ward  township,  which  was  named  after  him.     A  written  agi-eement  was  also  entered 


634  HISTORY     OF      TIOGA      COUNTY. 

into  that,  if  coal  was  found  in  paying  quantities,  Mr.  Magee  would  have  the  right 
to  purchase  so  much  of  the  land  as  he  might  desire,  at  a  stipulated  price  per  acre. 

Duncan  S.  Magee  then  organized  a  band  of  explorers,  with  himself  as  super- 
intendent; Humphries  Brewer  and  G.  A.  Backus,  civil  engineers  and  geologists; 
Thomas  Earrar  and  John  Smith,  woodsmen  and  assistants  to  engineers;  John  James, 
William  Griffith,  Thomas  Morgan,  George  Cook,  John  Evans,  Stephen  Bowen  and 
others,  miners  and  explorers.  An  area  embracing  over  6,000  acres  of  land  was 
explored  in  a  thorough  and  scientific  manner,  and  a  number  of  pits  and  shafts  simk 
to  the  underlying  coal.  During  the  year  1856  considerable  coal  was  found,  but  not 
in  quantities  sufficient  to  warrant  a  purchase  of  the  land.  In  the  spring  of  1857 
work  was  resumed.  Drifts  were  opened  along  the  mountain  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Tioga  river,  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Union  township,  and  a  superior  quality 
of  coal  found  in  paying  quantities.  Two  discouraging  obstacles  were,  however, 
met  with.  A  survey  showed  that  the  coal  field  was  nearly  600  feet  higher  than  the 
railroad  track  at  Blossburg,  distant  less  than  six  miles  northwest.  It  was  also 
ascertained  that  the  coal  vein  declined  toward  the  southwest  and  could  not,  there- 
fore, be  mined  from  that  side  of  the  mountain,  for  the  reason  that  the  water  would 
follow  the  course  of  the  excavation  and  drown  out  the  miners. 

Up  to  this  time  Hon.  John  Magee  had  furnished  the  money  to  push  forward 
the  explorations.  The  panic  of  1857,  however,  made  it  hard  to  get  money  for  the 
needs  of  business,  and  Mr.  Magee  was  loath,  after  Mr.  Brewer's  acknowledgment  that 
the  coal  could  not  be  mined,  on  account  of  the  water,  to  push  the  explorations  any 
further.  Mr.  Brewer,  however,  convinced  him  of  the  feasibility  of  his  plan  for 
working  the  coal,  and  the  explorations  were  resumed.  Within  three  months  the 
correctness  of  Mr.  Brewer's  theories  was  verified,  by  the  finding,  on  the  Fall  Brook 
side  of  the  mountain,  of  an  immense  body  of  coal  that  could  be  easily  and  profitably 
worked,  thus  bringing  to  a  successful  issue  the  tedious  and  persevering  work  of  the 
explorers. 

During  the  year  1858  Drift  ISTo.  1  was  put  in  near  the  falls  on  Fall  brook,  under 
the  direction  of  Duncan  S.  Magee,  by  William  Griffith,  Robert  Pryde,  John  Duns- 
more,  Alexander  Pollock,  Sr.,  and  Thomas  Morgan.  A  survey  was  also  begun  for  a 
railroad  from  Blossburg  up  the  Tioga  river  to  the  mouth  of  Fall  brook,  and  up  the 
latter  stream  to  the  drift.  In  the  meantime,  however,  Hon.  John  Magee  had  pur- 
chased from  Mr.  Ward  about  6,000  acres  of  land  in  Ward  and  Union  townships  in 
accordance  with  the  agreement  heretofore  mentioned. 

The  railroad  survey  showed  that  Drift  No.  1  wa^  550  feet  above  the  railroad 
track  at  Blossburg,  distant  about  six  miles.  Nevertheless,  it  was  resolved  to  build 
the  road,  and  on  June  13, 1859,  Mr.  Brewer  issued  the  following: 

Notice. 
The  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  will  be  prepared   to   contract   for  the   gradinff   and 
masonry  of  their  road  in  short  sections  July  5.    Plans  and  specifications  can  be  seen  at 
their  office  m  Blossburg-.  „    t^ 

°  H.  Bbeweb, 

Engineer  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company. 
An  application  for  a  charter  was  made  to  the  state  legislature  by  Hon  John 
Magee  James  H  Gulick  and  Duncan  S.  Magee,  and  a  bill  granting  it  passed  March 
9,  1859.    It  had  been  opposed  principally  by  another  mining  company,  and  after  its 


FALL    BEOOK    BOEOUGH.  635 


passage  sufBcient  pressure  was  brought  to  bear  upon  Gov.  William  F.  Packer  to  cause 
him  to  veto  it.  April  7, 1859,  however,  it  was  passed  over  his  veto  and  became  a  law, 
and  the  company  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal 
'  Company.  The  first  officers  were  Hon.  John  Magee,  president;  John  Lang,  secretary 
and  treasurer;  Duncan  S.  Magee,  superintendent,  and  H.  Brewer,  civil  engineer.  The 
following  working  force  was  also  organized:  Duncan  S.  Magee,  superintendent;  H. 
Brewer  and  G.  A.  Backus,  civil  engineers;  James  Heron,  cashier  and  mercantile 
agent;  Capt.  Eobert  Merritt,  overseer  in  lumber  department;  Martin  Stratton,  master 
mechanic  and  supervisor  of  tenements;  Thomas  Eeese,  weighmaster  of  mining 
wagons;  John  Morse,  overseer  of  railroad  track,  and  afterwards  first  weighmaster  and 
shipper  of  coal — succeeded  by  Peter  Cameron  and  John  L.  Sexton;  William  Griffith, 
Alexander  Pollock,  Sr.,  and  Thomas  Morgan,  drift  masters. 

The  Fall  Brook  railroad  was  completed  to  the  new  village  of  Fall  Brook  in  the 
autumn  of  1859.  During  the  year  work  had  been  vigorously  prosecuted.  A  saw-mill 
was  built  for  the  company  at  the  falls  by  George  Kichter;  coal  chutes  were  erected  at 
the  mouth  of  Drift  'No.  1,  by  Mr.  Brockway;  thirty  or  forty  dwellings  were  hastily 
constructed,  and  a  supply  store  erected  on  the  site  of  the  present  hotel  building.  This 
was  placed  in  charge  of  James  Heron,  assisted  by  0.  W.  and  C.  L.  Pattison  and 
Thomas  J.  Hall.  Boarding  houses,  blacksmith  shops,  and  carpenter  shops  were  also 
built,  and  a  great  enterprise  successfully  established  in  what,  but  a  few  months  before, 
was  an  unbroken  mountain  wilderness. 

Samples  of  this  coal  were  shipped  by  Mr.  Magee  to  a  number  of  leading  manu- 
facturing concerns  throughout  the  country,  including  the  repairing  departments  of 
several  railroads,  from  all  of  whom  came  reports  and  testimonials,  certifying  to  its 
superior  quality,  and  assuring  for  it  an  immediate  and  profitable  demand.  The  min- 
ing of  coal  at  Blossburg,  under  lease,  was  abandoned  and  the  fixtures  removed  to  Fall 
Brook.  Shipping  depots  were  established  at  Coming,  with  Andrew  Beers  as  agent, 
and  at  Watkins,  with  John  Lang  as  agent.  Valuable  franchises  were  obtained  at 
both  places,  and  trestles  and  chutes  erected  to  facilitate  the  handling  of  coal.  A 
circular  was  issued  April  1,  1860,  by  Duncan  S.  Magee,  superintendent,  announcing 
the  formal  opening  of  the  mines,  and  that  "the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  have  ample 
facilities  for  shipping  this  coal  at  Coming  by  canal  and  railroad,  and  have  also  ar- 
rangements for  delivery  directly  from  the  mines  by  rail  at  Watkins,  at  the  head  of 
Seneca  Lake,  and  there  transferring  it  to  the  enlarged  Erie  canal  boats." 

The  store  building  proving  too  small  to  accommodate  an  increasing  custom,  a 
larger  and  more  commodious  building  was  erected,  which  was  soon  afterwards  en- 
larged. So  rapid  was  the  growth  of  the  village  that  at  the  close  of  1863  it  contained 
180  dwellings,  and  1,400  inhabitants. 

In  1861,  because  of  increased  business,  James  Heron  was  relieved  as  mercantile 
agent,  in  order  to  devote  himself  to  his  duties  as  cashier.  Frank  Lewis,  of  Allegany 
county,  New  York,  was  made  mercantile  agent,  continuing  until  Febmary,  1864, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  C.  E.  Halsey,  of  Hammondsport,  New  York,  who  remained 
until  1875,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health.  His  successor  was  A.  J.  Owen, 
who  discharged  the  duties  of  mercantile  agent  and  cashier  until  1886,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Samuel  Heron,  the  present  incumbent. 


636  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 


In  1862  the  ofSee  of  manager  was  created,  and  Humphries  Brewer  appointed 
to  fill  it.  He  held  it  until  his  death,  December  25,  1867.  His  successors  were  James 
Heron,  from  December  27,  1867,  until  his  death,  September  21,  1872;  and  D.  W. 
Knight,  who  served  from  September  22, 1872,  to  1875,  when  the  of&ee  was  abolished.. 
The  company,  in  the  meantime,  having  acquired  important  properties  in  other  parts 
of  the  county,  the  mines,  mill  and  store  at  Fall  Brook  were  placed  in  three  separate 
departments  and  have  so  continued.  The  mines  are  in  charge  of  Eobert  Eussell, 
mining  superintendent,  with  David  Nicol,  assistant;  the  saw-mill  and  lumber  depart- 
ment in  charge  of  E.  A.  McEntee,  outside  foreman,  and  the  office  and  store  in  charge 
of  Samuel  Heron,  who  fills  the  position  of  cashier.  The  postoffice,  established  soon 
after  the  opening  of  the  mines,  has  always  been  in  the  company's  store,  the  post- 
master usually  being  the  mercantile  agent  or  cashier  of  the  company.  Anton  Hardt, 
general  manager  for  the  company,  whose  office  is  in  Wellsboro,  has  the  general  super- 
intendence of  these  various  departments,  as  well  as  of  the  mines,  stores,  etc.,  at 
Antrim. 

A  telegraph  line  from  Coming,  New  York,  to  Fall  Brook,  was  completed  in  the 
fall  of  1864.  Since  1878  the  office  has  been  in  charge  of  John  G.  Jones,  who  is  also 
the  weighmaster  and  shipper  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company. 

The  Fall  Brook  hotel,  erected  by  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  was  opened  in 
the  spring  of  1865,  Warren  Goff,  of  Steuben  county,  New  York,  being  the  first 
landlord. 

BOEOTJGH    OEGANIZATIOIT    AND    OFFICIALS. 

In  August,  1864,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  court  of  common  pleas,  at 
Wellsboro,  asking  for  the  incorporation  of  Fall  Brook  as  a  borough.  There  was 
some  opposition  to  granting  the  petition,  because  the  property  within  the  proposed 
borough  limits  was  all  owned  by  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  and  there  was 
danger  of  the  company  using  its  power  to  restrict  freedom  of  speech,  and  interfere 
with  the  exercise  of  the  right  of  elective  franchise.  The  loyalty  of  the  inhabitants, 
notwithstanding,  in  proportion  to  population,  they  had  sent  a  larger  number  into  the 
Union  army  than  any  other  place  in  the  county,  was  also  called  in  question.  These 
objections  were,  however,  fully  met,  and  the  petition  granted.  The  first  election 
took  place  September  16,  1864,  when  the  following  officers  were  chosen:  L.  C. 
Shepaxd,  burgess;  James  Heron,  H.  Brewer,  James  Tracy,  William  D.  Linahan  and 
Charles  N.  Cranmer,  councilmen.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  council,  October  3, 
1864,  C.  L.  Pattison  was  chosen  treasurer,  and  Burr  Noble,  clerk. 

The  office  of  burgess  has  been  filled  as  follows:  L.  C.  Shepard,  1864  to  1874, 
inclusive;  John  L.  Sexton,  1875;  L.  C.  Shepard,  1876  to  1879,  inclusive-  E  f' 
Cummings,  1880  and  1881;  J.  W.  Taylor,  1882;  A.  N.  Williams,  1883; 'Eobert 
Eussell,  1884;  L.  C.  Shepard,  1885;  William  Sa^e,  1886  to  1888;  William  McEntee, 
1889  to  1892;  E.  A.  McEntee,  1893  to  1896,  and  Eobert  Eussell,  1897. 

The  foUowing  named  persons  have  been  elected  and  commissioned  Justices  of 
the  peace  since  the  incorporation  of  the  borough:  John  Hinman,  elected  in  1868; 
L.  C.  Shepard,  1869;  John  L.  Sexton,  1869;  J.  W.  Personeus,  1873;  Alexander 
Pollock,  1874;  Michael  Lyon,  1876;  William  Young,  1878;  C.  K.  Thompson  1880- 
Eobert  Eussell,  1883;  F.  G.  Elliott,  1883;  L.  C.  Shepard,  1887;  re-elected,  1892 
and  1897. 


FALL  BROOK  BOROUGH.  Q^'J 


SCHOOLS. 

For  a  number  of  years  there  were  two  school  buildings  in  i'all  Brook.  The  first 
was  erected  in  1861  in  the  "Fallow,"  and  the  second  on  Catawissa  street,  in  the 
winter  of  1864-65.  In  1888  a  graded  school  system  was  adopted  and  the  present 
building,  centrally  located,  was  erected.  There  are  three  teachers  employed,  the 
average  attendance  of  pupils  being  about  one  hundred  and  fifty.  Among  the  early 
teachers  who  taught  in  the  "Fallow"  school  house,  were  David  Cameron,  Oscar 
Beardsley,  Belle  Dyer,  Lue  Pitts,  Miss  Simpson  and  John  L.  Sexton.  Mr.  Sexton 
taught  seven  years  in  succession.  Among  those  who  taught  in  the  building  on 
Catawissa  street,  were  Bessie  Brewer,  Lucy  Cranmer  and  S.  A.  Gaskill. 

CHURCHES. 

Presbyterian  Church. — In  1860  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  Presbytery  of 
Susquehanna,  asking  that  a  Presbyterian  church  be  organized  at  Fall  Brook.  The 
petitioners  were  Alexander  Pollock,  Sr.,  James  Heron,  Alexander  Pollock,  Jr.,  James 
Pollock,  Peter  Cameron,  Jr.,  Eobert  Logan,  James  Logan,  John  Dims- 
more,  George  Snedden,  William  Watchman,  E.  J.  Evans,  David  Pryde, 
and  H.  Brewer.  The  petition  was  granted  and  the  church  duly  organized. 
September  1,  1861,  Rev.  George  Blair  became  pastor,  having  also  under  his  charge 
the  church  at  Morris  Run.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  William 
McCormiek,  who  remained  one  year;  Rev.  J.  Caldwell,  one  year;  Rev.  E.  Kennedy, 
1866  to  1870;  Rev.  G.  R.  H.  Shumway,  of  Lawrenceville,  supply  till  October,  1871; 
Rev.  Philander  Camp,  who  remained  till  1875.  A  Sunday-school  was  organized,  of 
which  Alexander  Pollock,  Sr.,  was  superintendent  for  a  number  of  years.  His 
successor  was  James  R.  Mills.  During  Mr.  Kennedy's  pastorate  a  church  building, 
costing  $2,000,  was  erected,  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  contributing  $1,000.  Ow- 
ing to  the  decrease  in  the  working  force  in  the  mines  and  the  removal  of  a  large 
number  of  families  elsewhere,  the  church  became  too  weak  to  maintain  a  pastor,  and 
in  1886  its  .membership  was  merged  with  that  of  St.  Thomas'  Protestant  Episcopal 
ehiirch. 

St.  Thomas'  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  traces  the  beginning  of  its  history  to 
a  visit  made  in  the  summer  of  1864,  to  Fall  Brook,  by  Rev.  E.  D.  Loveridge,  of  Ham- 
mondsport,  ISTew  York.  While  stopping  with  his  friend,  C.  E.  Halsey,  he  held  the 
first  service  of  his  church  on  July  31,  1864.  In  August,  1866,  Bishop  Lee,  of 
Delaware,  visited  Fall  Brook,  and  on  the  24th  of  that  month  confirmed  Miss  Mary 
Frazee  and  Miss  Mary  Brewer.  About  the  same  time  C.  E.  Halsey  and  John 
Hinman  organized  a  Sunday-school  and  soon  had  over  one  hundred  pupils.  The 
school  was  held  in  the  "Fallow"  school  house.  A  deficiency  in  books  and  catechisms 
was  made  up  by  the  energy  and  liberality  of  Mr.  Halsey  and  Mr.  Hinman.  A 
generous  donation  of  books  was  also  made  by  St.  John's  church,  Catherine,  Schuyler 
county,  New  York.  A  formal  application  for  a  charter  was  made  to  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  Tioga  county  July  30,  1867,  by  C.  E.  Halsey,  John  Hinman,  John 
L.  Sexton,  Lewis  Clark,  J.  B.  Christie,  J.  W.  Personeus,  John  Alderson  and  Thomas 
GafEney.  The  application  was  granted  December  5,  1867,  and  the  church  duly 
organized,  with  C.  E.  Halsey,  senior  warden;  Lewis  Clark,  John  B.  Christie,  J.  W. 
Personeus,  John  L.  Sexton  and  John  Alderson,  vestrymen.    Services  were  held  every 


638  HISTORY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

alternate  Sunday  in  the  'Tallow"  school  house,  Eev.  M.  L.  Kerr  officiating,  until 
November  38,  1869,  from  which  time  until  1874  the  church  was  without  a  rector. 
In  that  year  Marcellus  Karcher,  a  deacon  in  orders,  located  in  I'all  Brook,  amd  offi- 
ciated until  1876,  after  which  time,  for  a  number  of  years,  occasional  services  were 
held  by  the  rectors  in  charge  of  the  churches  at  Tioga,  Mansfield,  Blossburg  and 
Antrim.  Although  without  a  rector  at  present,  services  are  held  regularly  by  Eev. 
Marcellus  Karcher,  rector  of  St.  Luke's  church,  Blossburg.  The  number  of  com- 
municants is  thirty-two.  In  the  Sunday-school,  which  has  been  regularly  main- 
tained, there  are  130  pupils  and  fifteen  teachers.  Samuel  Heron  is  the  superinten- 
dent.     The  old  Presbjrterian  house  of  worship  is  now  used  by  this  congregation. 

St.  John's  Catholic  Church  owes  its  existence  to  the  efforts  of  Eev.  John  A. 
Wynne,  who,  in  July,  1873,  while  stationed  at  Blossburg,  succeeded  in  securing  a 
pledge  of  $1,000  from  the  Catholic  people  and  other  friends  in  Fall  Brook,  to  which 
the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  generously  added  $1,000  more.  A  contract  for  a 
building  was  entered  into  with  Joseph  Hyland,  of  Blossburg,  the  corner  stone  of 
which  was  laid  August  31,  1873,  by  Bishop  O'Hara,  of  Scranton,  assisted  by  Eevs. 
Gerald  McMurray,  John  A.  Wynne  and  John  C.  McDermott.  The  building  was 
opened  for  service  Sundaj',  April  36,  1874,  the  opening  sermon  being  preached  by 
Eev.  E.  A.  Garvey,  of  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania.  This  church,  which  numbers 
about  twenty-five  families,  is  served  by  the  pastor  of  the  church  at  Blossburg.  It 
maintains  a  Sunday-school  with  an  average  attendance  of  thirty  pupils.  A  branch 
of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  and  Benevolent  Association,  numbering  twenty 
members,  is  connected  with  this  church. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  Pall  Brook  Friendly  Society,  a  beneficial  organization;  the  Fall  Brook 
Library  Association,  the  purpose  of  which  was  to  maintain  a  library  and  reading 
room,  and  the  Catholic  Temperance  Society,  for  the  promotion  of  temperance  among 
members  of  the  Catholic  faith,  all  flourished  during  the  earlier  years  of  the  borough's 
history.  With  the  removal  of  many  of  the  miners  and  their  families  to  other 
places,  their  membership  decreased  and  they  disbanded.  Fall  Brook  Lodge,  No.  765, 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  was  chartered  May  8, 1871,  and  now  has  seventy  members.  Fall  Brook 
Lodge,  No.  2506,  K.  of  H.,  was  organized  July  20,  1881.  After  flourishing  for 
several  years,  it  began  to  go  backward,  and  finally  surrendered  its  charter  and  was 
merged  with  the  lodge  at  Blossburg. 


CHAPTEE  LVII. 

LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP. 

Organization— Physical,  Characteristics— Soil  and  Products -Coal  and  Iron 
— Timbee—Streams—Population— Pioneer  Settlement— First  White  Men 
—The  District  Line— Williamson  Road— The  Block  House— Anthony,  the 
First  Landlord— Other  Early  Settlers— Mills  and  Other  Enterprises — 
Physicians  and  Justices— Schools— Churches  and  Cemeteries— Societies- 
Liberty  Borough— Villages  and  Postopfices. 


LIBERTY  township  was  organized  in  February,  1823,  and  was  taken  from  Coving- 
ton and  Delmar  townships.  It  lies  west  of  Union  township;  east  of  Morris; 
south  of  Bloss  and  Hamilton,  and  has  the  Lycoming  county  line  for  its  southern 
boundary.  Its  northern  boundary  line  passes  along  or  near  the  crest  of  the  Briar 
Hill  range.  The  northern  third  of  the  township  is,  therefore,  broken  and  rugged. 
The  remainder,  which  may  be  described  as  an  upland  plateau,  slopes  away  more 
gently  toward  the  south,  with  as  large  a  percentage  of  comparatively  level  area 
as  is  to  be  found  in  any  other  township  in  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  fruitful, 
producing  abundant  crops  of  cereal  grains,  meadow  grasses,  garden  vegetables  and 
orchard  fruits.  The  farmers  are  thrifty,  frugal  and  prosperous,  a  large  percentage 
of  them  being  of  German  descent.  Coal  and  iron  ore  exist  in  the  Briar  Hill  range, 
but  have  not  been  found  in  quantities  sufficient  to  invite  development.  The  town- 
ship, when  first  settled,  was  heavily  timbered,  hemlock,  maple,  cherry,  chestnut, 
beech  and  oak  predominating.    White  pine  was  found  only  in  limited  tracts. 

The  drainage  of  the  township  is  toward  the  south  and  southwest.  Zimmer- 
man creek,  which  rises  in  the  Briar  Hill  range,  flows  southwest  into  Morris  township, 
receiving  Fall  creek,  which  flows  from  the  north,  near  the  township  line.  It  drains 
the  western  and  northwestern  parts  of  the  township.  Black's  creek  rises  north  of  the 
center  of  the  township,  pursues  a  slightly  southwest  course  to  the  Lycoming  county 
line,  soon  after  crossing  which  it  unites  with  Block  House  run.  This  latter  stream 
rises  north  and  east  of  the  center  of  the  township,  and  pursues  a  winding  course 
toward  the  southwest,  through  Liberty  borough,  about  a  mile  southwest  of  which 
it  passes  into  Lycoming  county.  It  has  several  small  branches.  The  eastern  part 
of  the  township  is  drained  by  Mase  run  and  Sadler  run,  two  small  streams  fed  by 
springs. 

The  township  was  one  of  the  earliest  settled  in  the  county.  With  the  exception 
of  the  mountainous  area  along  the  northern  boundary  line,  it  is  thickly  populated, 
and  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  is  not  a  line  of  railroad  within  its  borders, 
its  people  are  fairly  prosperous.  Its  growth  from  the  first  has  been  healthful,  each 
decade  showing  a  fair  average  increase  of  population.  In  1840  there  were  1,138 
inhabitants;  in  1870,  1,379;  in  1880,  1,629,  and  in  1890,  1,755.  In  1895  the  tax- 
able value  of  property — ^including  Liberty  borough — was  $519,455. 


640  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA      COUNTY. 

PIONEEE     SETTLEMENT. 

The  first  white  maa  to  enter  the  confines  of  the  township,  except,  perhaps,  an 
occasional  hunter,  trapper  or  Indian  scout,  were  the  early  surveyors.  The  District 
Line  was  established  in  1781,  and  the  Academy  and  other  lands  surveyed  as  early 
as  1786-87.  The  District  Line  referred  to  is  the  line  between  Survey  districts  Nos. 
17  and  18.  It  runs  from  the  southern  to  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  county, 
and  passes  over  the  Main  street  bridge,  in  Liberty  borough.  The  history  of  the  town- 
ship, however,  begins  with  the  construction  of  the  celebrated  Williamson  road,  from 
Loyalsock,  in  Lycoming  county,  to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  This  road,  which  was 
begun  in  May  or  June,  1793,  enters  the  county  and  the  township  east  of  the  District 
Line.  About  300  rods  north  of  the  county  line  it  turns  northwest  to  Block  House 
run,  crossing  it  at  a  point  now  the  center  of  Liberty  borough,  of  which  it  forms  the 
main  street.  It  then  turns  north,  which  direction  it  follows  to  the  township  line, 
over  the  Briar  Hill  range,  and  on  to  Blossburg,  thence  down  the  valley  of  the  Tioga 
river  to  Painted  Post,  l^Tew  York. 

In  the  construction  of  this  road  it  became  necessary  to  establish  depots  for  sup- 
plies, at  convenient  points,  and  also  to  erect  log  houses  for  the  protection  of  the 
women  and  children.  One  of  these  was  established  at  the  point  where  the  road 
crosses  Block  House  run,  in  Liberty  borough,  on  the  site  of  the  present  Liberty 
Hotel.  It  became  known  as  the  "Block  House,"  and  gave  its  name  to  the  stream, 
beside  which  it  stood,  and  to  the  village  that  afterwards  grew  up  around  it. 

In  1793  one  Anthony,  or  Anthonyson,  and  his  sons — the  former  probably  being 
the  correct  name — took  possession  of  this  block  house — which  was  built  of  round  logs 
and  was  30x40  feet  in  size — and  converted  it  into  a  tavern  stand.  The  following  ac- 
count of  this  tavern  and  its  keeper  is  found  in  the  "Historical  Collections"  of  Penn- 
sylvania, by  Sherman  Day,  published  in  1843.    He  says: 

This  house  was  kept  in  primitive  times  by  one  Anthonyson,  a  sort  of  hall  French 
and  half  Dutchman.  Anthony,  according-  to  his  own  story,  had  spent  most  of  his  life 
as  a  soldier,  during-  the  stormy  times  of  the  French  Revolution;  and  he  thereby  neither 
improved  his  morals  nor  his  fortune.  He  had  no  scruple,  by  way  of  amusing  his  gnaests, 
of  boasting  of  his  bare-faced  villainy.  There  was  no  one  of  the  ten  commandments  which 
he  had  not  specifically  broken  time  and  again.  With  the  habits  of  the  old  soldier,  he  had 
little  disposition  to  get  his  living  by  tilling  the  ground;  and  found  the  military  mode  of 
pillage  much  more  to  his  taste.  He  raised  no  oats,  but  always  charged  travelers  for  the 
use  of  his  troughs,  and  for  sleeping  before  his  fire.  Whiskey  was  the  staple  commodity 
at  his  house,  serving  as  meat  and  drink.  Many  of  the  early  immigrants  to  the  Genesee 
country  drove  their  young  cattle  along.  There  was  a  wide  track  of  some  fearful  tornado 
not  far  from  Anthony's  house,  in  which  he  contrived  to  cut  an  open  space,  with  a 
narrow  passage  into  it,  making  a  kind  of  unseen  pen.  To  this  spot  the  cattle  of  his 
guests  were  apt  to  stray  in  the  night.  In  the  morning  the  poor  immigrants  were  hunt- 
ing far  and  near  for  their  cattle,  with  Anthony  for  their  guide;  but  on  such  occasions 
he  never  happened  to  think  of  the  windfall. 

The  unsuspecting  guests,  after  two  or  three  days  of  fruitless  search,  would  leave, 
paying  roundly  for  their  detention,  and  instructing  the  scoundrel  to  hunt  the  cattle, 
and  when  found  to  write  to  a  certain  address,  with  a  promise  of  reward  for  his  trouble. 
Anthony  never  had  occasion  to  write;  but  it  was  always  remarked  that  he  kept  his 
smoke  house  well  supplied  with  what  he  called  elk  meat.  MTien  or  where  he  caught  the 
elks  was  never  known.  Some  lone  travelers,  who  stopped  at  his  house,  it  is  strongly 
suspected,  never  reached  their  intended  destination. 


^;^^^^^^    ">^^-e^ 


LIBERTY    TOWNSHIP.  641 


Anthony  left  Block  House  in  1813  for  Williamsport,  and  was  killed  by  the 
falling  of  a  tree.    He  lies  buried  near  Trout  Eun. 

Soon  after  1800  a  man  named  SuUard — the  names  of  James  and  Stephen  Sul- 
lard  appear  on  the  assessment  list  of  1812 — came  into  the  township  and  settled  near 
the  present  residence  of  Isaac  Miller,  in  Liberty  borough.  A  son  was  added  to  the 
family  soon  after  their  arrival,  being  the  first  white  child  born  in  the  township. 
Nauglesmith  Bauer  came  before  1808,  and  settled  where  Scott  Cowlick  now  lives 
in  the  borough.  In  1813  Jonathan  Sebring,  a  native  of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
became  the  successor  of  Anthony  as  landlord  of  the  Block  House  tavern.  He  was 
an  honorable  and  upright  man,  and  kept  a  reputable  and  respectable  house.  He 
removed  to  Humboldt,  Saulc  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1857,  where  he  died  in  February, 
1879,  at  the  advanced  age  of  niaety-six  years.  He  was  a  shoemaker  and  worked  at 
his  trade  in  connection  with  his  hotel.  In  February,  1814,  John  ShefEer,  Sr.,  a 
native  of  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  removed  his  family  from  Williamsport, 
where  they  had  resided  for  several  years,  and  settled  on  150  acres  of  Academy  land, 
on  ShefEer  Hill,  just  north  of  the  borough.  At  the  time  of  Mr.  ShefEer's  coming 
there  were  but  eleven  persons  in  the  township.  He  early  became  a  prominent  and 
leading  citizen  of  Liberty. 

About  1814  a  body  of  United  States  troops,  en  route  for  BufEalo,  New  York, 
encamped  in  Eehn's  Hollow,  on  Laurel  Hill,  and  excited  the  interest  and  curiosity 
of  the  settlers.  About  this  time  also  Daniel  Hartsoek  settled  just  east  of  the  borough, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Levi  Haa-tsock.  John  Levegood,  a  native 
of  southern  Pennsylvania,  settled  about  1814-16,  Just  west  of  the  borough,  on 
Academy  lands.  He  was  one  of  twelve  settlers  in  the  Block  House  neighborhood 
to  whom  a  donation  of  fifty  acres  each  of  Academy  land  was  made  in  order  to  induce 
them  to  settle.  Peter  Moyer  came  in  1815  and  settled  west  of  Black's  run,  on  land 
previously  occupied  by  Henry  Hews.  Frederick  Heyler,  Sr.,  a  native  of  Germany, 
settled  about  1818  on  Briar  Hill,  and  soon  had  for  a  neighbor  Michael  Linck,  also 
a  native  of  Germany.  Simon  Sindlinger  and  his  stepson,  George  Hebe,  natives  of 
Wurtemberg,  Germany,  settled  in  1819  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  Mr. 
Hebe  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  served  under  Colonel  Wynkoop  in  the 
First  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  was  promoted  from  private  to  staff  officer. 

Isaac  Foulkrod,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  son  of  a  Eevolutionary  soldier, 
settled  in  1831  on  fifty  acres  of  Franklin  College  lands,  northeast  of  the  borough. 
Among  the  valued  relics  still  preserved  in  the  family,  are  a  fife  presented  to  his 
father  by  General  Washington,  and  also  a  wooden  canteen  carried  by  him  during 
the  Eevolutionary  War.  John  Weal,  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  settled  in  1833 
on  115  acres  of  land  near  the  line  of  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county.  Leonard 
Miller,  who  came  into  the  township  between  1835  and  1838,  was  a  native  of  Wurtem- 
burg,  Germany,  and  a  soldier  under  !N"apoleon  in  his  campaign  in  Eussia.  At  the 
close  of  his  service  he  received  a  silver  medal  from  ITapoleon,  for  "zeal  and  bravery," 
so  the  inscription  read.  He  settled  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township.  John 
Sebring,  a  native  of  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  came  about  1830  from  Lycoming 
county,  to  which  he  afterwards  returned.  In  1840  he  again  came  into  the  township, 
settling  at  Sebrings,  where  he  afterwards  erected  a  hotel.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
41 


g42  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 


War  of  1813,  and  was  later  successively  commissioned  captain,  major,  colonel,  and 
on  June  23, 1854,  a  brigadier  general  of  militia. 

Among  other  early  settlers  may  be  mentioned:  Joshua  Daxtt,  who  located  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  township  in  1817;  Michael  Dehr,  who  came  in  1819,  as  did 
also  Frederick  Bower  and  Henry  Christ;  Samuel,  John  and  Henry  Gleckler,  who 
settled  at  East  Point  about  1830;  John  Knodel,  who  served  under  Napoleon; 
Michael  Krause,  John  H.  Stinehofer,  the  first  physician;  John  Marquart,  Lewis 
Schneck,  John  T.  Peek,  Philip  Zink,  Jacob  Boger,  who  settled  near  East  Point; 
John  Leinhaxt,  who  settled  on  Briar  Hill,  and  John  Eeed,  all  came  about  1821. 
Jacob  Brownmiller  and  Jeremiah  Maneval  came  in  1822,  as  did  Solomon  Koupp,  who 
located  near  East  Point,  and  Oliver  Pierson,  who  settled  at  Nauvoo.  In  1824  George 
Hart,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  his  son,  John  F.  Hart,  became  the  first  settlers 
near  the  site  of  Hartford  postoffice,  between  Liberty  borough  and  ISTauvoo.  In 
1825  Leonard  Schambacher  and  Leonard  Shick  settled  near  East  Point.  These 
were  the  principal  settlers  of  the  township  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  present 
century.  The  work  begun  in  the  midst  of  the  wilderness  by  these  sturdy  pioneers 
has  been  carried  forward  by  their  descendants  until  Liberty  township  is  to-day  one 
of  the  best  cultivated  and  most  prosperous  townships  of  the  county. 

MILLS    AND    OTHEE    ENTEEPEISES. 

The  early  settlers  in  and  around  Block  House  were  dependent  for  several 
years  upon  the  grist-mill  and  saw-mill  of  Peter  Sechrist,  erected  about  1811,  at 
the  falls  on  Block  House  run,  about  a  mile  south  of  the  county  line,  in  Jackson 
township,  Lycoming  county.  About  1825  Henry  Hartley  erected  a  saw-mill  on 
Black's  creek,  near  the  county  line.  It  was  bought  in  1827  by  James  Freeze,  who 
also  erected  a  grist-mill.  A  few  years  later  these  mills  becajne  the  property  of 
Jeremiah  Black,  a  cousin  of  the  celebrated  jurist  of  the  same  name,  and  were 
operated  by  him  and  his  sons  for  more  than  half  a  century.  About  1830  Joseph 
Hagenbach  erected  a  saw-mill  on  Block  House  run,  in  the  northern  part  of  Liberty 
borough.  It  was  afterwards  owned  and  operated  by  Jonathan  Sebring,  Robert  C. 
Cox  and  Jonathan  Eaker.  It  was  burned,  and  Francis  M.  ShefEer  bought  the  site 
and  built  a  new  mill,  which  also  burned  and  was  rebuilt.  Jonathan  Kreiger  then 
purchased  the  property.  In  1890  the  mill  was  again  destroyed  by  fire,  and  the 
present  steam  saw-mill  and  planing-mill  was  erected  near  its  site. 

About  1839-30  Isaac  Werline  erected  a  tannery  near  Block  House  run,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Liberty  borough.  He  operated  it  until  1853.  The  subsequent 
owners  were  Werline  &  Elder,  J.  J.  Werline,  Gottlieb  Krise,  and  Albert  Krise,  who 
conducted  it  from  1867  to  1876.  Isaac  Harmon  erected  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill, 
about  1830,  on  Block  House  run,  north  of  Liberty  borough.  In  1833  Jacob  Benner 
became  the  owner  and  operated  them  until  1855.  The  present  three-run,  water- 
power  grist-mill  was  erected  on  this  site  in  1888,  by  E.  H.  Hartsock.  About  1833 
William  Diffenbacher  erected  a  fulling-mill  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Liberty 
borough,  and  soon  after  added  a  carding  machine.  In  1843  Horace  Fellows  became 
owner  and  enlarged  it  to  a  woolen  factory.  He  ran  it  successfully  until  aboiit 
1873,  when  he  sold  the  machinery  and  it  was  removed  to  Nauvoo.    In  1842  Michael 


LIBEETY    TOWNSHIP.  343 


ShefEer  established  a  wagon  shop  in  Liberty  borough,  which  has  been  conducted 
by  himself  and  his  sons  down  to  the  present  time. 

Among  the  saw-mills  erected  between  1830  and  1840  were  one  on  Zimmer- 
man's creek,  above  Nauvoo,  by  John  W.  Frederick;  the  Oliver  Pierson  mill,  on 
Fall  creek,  north  of  Nauvoo;  the  Leonard  Schambacher  mill,  near  the  site  of  the 
steam  saw-mill  now  operated  by  Solomon  Roupp,  half  a  mile  east  of  East  Point; 
the  Frederick  Bower  mill,  afterwards  owned  by  Philip  J.  Kohler,  on  Block  House 
run,  east  of  Sebrings,  and  the  Frederick  Boyer  mill,  northwest  of  East  Point. 

In  1838  Charles  F.  Veil  erected  a  tannery  at  what  is  still  known  as  Veiltown, 
about  a  mile  north  of  Liberty  borough.  It  was  operated  by  Mr.  "Veil  and  his  sons 
for  over  thirty  years.  About  1838  a  saw-mill  was  erected  on  Block  House  run,  near 
Veiltown,  by  James  Merrill,  and  a  grist-mill  about  1841.  From  1867  to  1884  the 
mills  were  owned  by  William  Keagle.  In  the  latter  year  Washington  Newberry 
bought  the  property.  The  saw-mill  has  not  been  operated  for  many  years.  The 
grist-mill  is  known  as  Liberty  mill.  About  1838,  also,  a  grist-mill  was  erected  at 
Nauvoo  by  John  J.  Herman.  It  has  been  operated  by  Caleb  A.  Comstock,  Daniel 
W.  Canfleld,  who  added  a  saw-mill  in  1848,  and  others.  The  grist-mill  alone  is 
now  running.    It  has  been  owned  since  1889  by  Adam  Coppersmith. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

The  following  named  physicians  have  practiced  in  what  is  now  Liberty 
borough:  John  H.  Stinehofer,  who  came  before  1825  and  remained  about  three  years; 
Dr.  Eiehard  B.  Hughes,  1828  to  1842;  Benjamin  C.  Morris,  1835  to  about  1837; 
Jacob  Eaker,  Jr.,  1838  to  his  death  in  1843;  F.  W.  Krause,  1836  to  1846;  Frederick 
Reinwald,  1845  to  about  1847,  when  he  was  killed  by  a  panther;  L.  K.  Garfield, 
1847  to  1856;  John  C.  Bastian,  1850  to  1852;  Charies  Ridenbach,  George  Hammon, 
Thomas  Stewart,  and  W.  W.  Webb,  each  of  whom  made  but  a  short  stay.  Dr. 
William  F.  Weseman  came  in  1851-52,  and  is  still  a  resident  of  the  borough.  The 
other  resident  physicians  are  Dr.  G.  A.  Smith,  who  located  m  1874,  and  Dr.  Z. 
EUis  Kimble,  who  came  in  1886. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  since  the 
organization  of  the  township:  John  Gray,  1825;  John  Marvin,  1825;  re-elected, 
1836;  Ephraim  B.  Gerould,  1827;  Thomas  Dyer,  1827;  Chauneey  Alford,  1827 
James  C.  Turner,  1828;  Thomas  Putnam  and  David  Ellis,  1830;  Eufus  Smith,  1831 
Joseph  Aiken,  Daniel  IS^.  Hunt  and  Martin  Eobinson,  1832;  James  E.  Eay,  1833, 
John  F.  Donaldson  and  Alanson  Miller,  1834;  Daniel  Holiday,  Jr.,  Solon  Eichards 
and  William  Hill,  1835;  Simeon  Houghton,  Levi  1.  Mchols  and  Alfred  Eipley, 
1836;  Evan  Harris,  1837;  Edwin  Dyer  and  Isaac  Drake,  1838;  Isaac  Werline, 
1840;  re-elected,  1845,  1850;  John  Cochran,  1840;  Charles  F.  Veil,  1845;  re- 
elected, 1850,  1859;  Jackson  J.  Werline,  1853;  re-elected,  1858,  1863,  1872,  1877, 
1882,  1887,  1893;  C.  L.  Farnsworth,  1855;  Eoberi;  C.  Cox,  1862;  William  L. 
Keagle  and  J.  G.  Albeck,  1867;  William  Poulkrod,  1869,  re-elected,  1875;  Isaac 
F,  Wheeland,  1881;  Francis  M.  Sheffer,  1886;  John  Hagerty,  1889;  re-elected, 
1894;  John  Mase,  1894.  The  justices  of  the  peace  elected  for  Liberty  borough 
have  been  Isaac  F.  Wheeland  and  J.  J.  Werline,  elected  in  1893. 


g44  HISTOET     OF     TIOGfA     COUNTY. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  attended  by  children  of  the  eaxly  settlers  in  and  axound  Block 
House,  was  taught  by  Isaac  Foulkrod,  in  a  log  cabin  across  the  road  from  the  present 
residence  of  Levi  Miller,  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county.  The  next  school 
building  stood  near  the  old  burying  ground  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough,  on 
land  now  owned  by  Grant  Sebring.  After  it  became  unfit  for  further  use,  a  building 
was  erected  near  the  grounds  of  William  McVoy.  In  1859  the  present  graded  school 
building  in  the  northern  part  of  the  borough  was  erected.  Early  schools  were  also 
established  at  Hartford,  ]Si"auvoo,  East  Point,  Sebrings  and  other  places  in  the  town- 
ship. Among  the  early  teachers  were  George  Eoberts,  John  Sloat,  Henry  Keagle, 
a  Mr.  Spaulding,  William  Gilday  and  others.  There  are  now  eleven  schools  in  the 
township  outside  of  Liberty  borough,  in  the  graded  school  of  which  two  teachers 
are  employed.  An  average  of  seven  months  is  taught  each  year.  The  school  houses 
are  well  built  and  well  furnished. 

CHTTilCHES    AND    CEMETEEIES. 

i  Frieden's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  situated  across  the  line  in  Jackson 
township,  Lycoming  county,  below  Liberty  borough,  stands  near  the  site  of  a  log 
structure  erected  in  1827  by  the  members  of  the  Lutheran  and  German  Eeformed 
churches,  and  formally  opened  for  worship  in  1838.  The  present  brick  edifice, 
costing  $7,000,  was  erected  in  1871.  The  original  members  of  this  church  comprised 
a  large  number  of  the  early  German  families  in  Liberty  township,  from  whom  the 
membership  of  the  churches  at  Hartford,  Nauvoo  and  Sebrings  was  drawn.  This 
church  has  been  served  by  the  following  named  pastors:  Eevs.  J.  P.  Shindle, 
Sehultz,  Deich,  Dultman,  D.  B.  Sours,  Fritzinger,  L.  S.  Shade,  H.  Daniels,  Stude- 
backer,  Brienenger,  Prey,  I.  P.  NefE,  A.  B.  Miller,  A.  H.  Sehultz,  A.  H.  Weaver, 
and  the  present  pastor,  Eev.  D.  B.  Lau.  A  church  edifice,  costing  $3,000,  was 
erected  in  Liberty  borough  in  1896,  and  a  separate  congregation  formed. 

Salem  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Hartford  was  organized  about  fifty 
years  ago.  It  worshiped  for  several  years  in  the  Hart  school  house.  A  church 
building  was  finally  erected  and  used  until  1893,  when  the  present  handsome  edifice, 
costing  over  $2,500,  replaced  it.  The  church  is  prosperous  and  maintains  a  good 
Sunday-school.  It  has  had  the  same  pastors  as  Frieden's  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church.    This  church  was  incorporated  June  9,  1870. 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Nauvoo  was  organized  about  twenty-five 
years  ago.  It  has  no  house  of  worship,  but  uses  the  Union  church  building.  Its 
members  are  residents  of  the  eastern  part  of  Morris  and  the  western  part  of  Liberty 
townships.  It  has  been  served  by  the  pastors  of  Frieden's  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church. 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Sebrings,  organized  about  1860,  has  here- 
tofore worshiped  in  the  Union  church  building.  In  1896  the  society  erected  a  new 
house  of  worship,  costing  $2,000.  The  church  is  in  charge  of  the  pastor  of  Frieden's 
Evangelical  Lutheran  church. 

The  Evangelical  Church  of  Liberty  was  organized  in  October,  1830,  the  first 
services  being  held  in  the  residence  of  Samuel  Hartman,  Sr.,  in  Block  House,  by 


LIBBBTY    TOWNSHIP.  645 


Eev.  John  Seybert.  Services  were  held  in  Frieden's  church  up  to  1847.  In  1848 
the  present  church  building  in  Liberty  borough  was  completed.  A  large  number 
of  the  early  German  families  in  and  around  Liberty,  East  Point,  and  other  places 
in  the  township,  formed  the  original  membership  of  this  church,  which  has  been 
served  by  the  following  named  pastors:  Eevs.  James  Barber,  Charles  Hammer,  Mr. 
George,  Thomas  Epples,  Uriah  Everhart,  Charles  Lindelman  and  Daniel  Kehr  up 
to  1848;  Simon  Wolf,  1849;  Mr.  Stambach,  1850;  Michael  Zulauf,  1853-55;  H. 
Price,  1857;  Simon  Aurend,  1860;  Alexander  Longsdorf,  1861;  A.  Eearick,  1863; 
J  Bo'wersos  1865;  P.  H.  Eishel,  1867;  Thomas  Norris,  1869;  Z.  Eomburger,  1870; 
M  W  Harris,  1871;  J.  M.  King,  1873;  H.  N.  Greninger,  1876;  M.  Sloat,  1876-79; 
Noah  Young,  1880;  James  M.  Price,  1881;  P.  S.  Vocht,  1883;  James  Sechrist, 
1883-86;  William  Minkler,  1889;  William  Brillhart,  1891;  G.  Heinrich,  1895,  and 
J.  W.  Hammett,  1896.  This.church  has  a  large  membership  and  maintains  a  well- 
attended  Sunday-school.  A  branch  of  it  has  held  meetings  in  the  Beuter  school 
house,  north  of  Hartford,  since  about  1855,  and  another  branch  has  met  in  the 
Frock  school  house,  three  miles  southwest  of  Liberty,  for  about  twenty-five  years. 

The  Evangelical  Church  of  Nauvoo  was  organized  about  1859,  and  is  composed 
of  members  residing  in  the  western  part  of  Liberty  and  eastern  part  of  Morris  town- 
ships. The  society  worships  in  the  Union  church  building.  It  has  been  served 
by  the  same  pastors  as  the  church  in  Liberty. 

The  Evangelical  Church  of  East  Point  was  organized  as  a  branch  of  the  church 
at  Liberty,  and  drew  its  original  members  from  the  parent  church.  It  has  been 
served  by  the  same  pastors.  Its  members  held  their  early  meetings  in  the  school 
house.  In  1870  the  present  house  of  worship,  which  cost  $1,700,  was  erected. 
This  church  maintains  a  Sunday-school  with  about  forty  teachers  and  pupils.  The 
superintendent  is  John  Shick. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Liberty  was  organized  in  1843,  by  Eev.  Mr. 
Smith,  of  the  Genesee  conference,  the  early  meetings  being  held  in  the  old  Liberty 
church.  A  building  was  erected  and  dedicatd  in  1851.  It  stood  on  the  lot  in 
Liberty  now  owned  by  Frank  Brion.  It  was  replaced  by  a  two-story  building 
erected  in  1867,  and  the  latter  in  1868  by  the  present  building,  which  cost  $3,000. 
In  1853  the  church— which  is  now  in  the  Central  Pennsylvania  Conference— was 
transferred  to  the  Baltimore  conference,  since  which  time  it  has  been  served  by 
the  following  named  pastors:  Eevs.  B.  B.  Hamlin,  1853;  J.  D.  Eyer,  1854;  E. 
E.  Kelley,  1855-6;  David  C.  Wortz,  1856-57;  James  Gamble,  1858;  K  Shaffer, 
1859-60;  James  Hunter,  1861;  J.  T.  Wilson,  1863-63;  P.  B.  Bush,  1864;  E.  E. 
Kelley,  1865;  M.  L.  Drum,  1866-67;  Elisha  Shoemaker,  1868;  E.  H.  Colbum, 
1869;  Levi  G.  Heck,  1870;  E.  M.  Chilcoat,  1871-73;  J.  F.  Craig,  1873;  A.  C. 
Crosthwaite,  1874;  Isaiah  Edwards,  1875;  H.  S.  Lundy,  1876-78;  J.  P.  Long, 
1879;  I.  A.  Patton,  1880-81;  J.  F.  Glass,  1883;  W.  H.  Bowden,  1883-84;  G.  E. 
King,  1885-87;  0.  G.  Heck,  1888;  Wilfred  P.  Shriner,  1889;  J.  Guldin,  1891;  E. 
T.  Whiteley,  1893;  M.  J.  Eunyan,  1894,  and  I.  J.  Eeeser,  the  present  pastor,  who 
took  charge  in  April,  1896.  This  church  now  numbers  thirty  members.  The 
Sunday-school,  which  was  organized  in  1851,  contains  about  sixty  pupils.  Michael 
Sheffer  is  the  superintendent.  The  churches  at  Nauvoo  and  at  the  Plank  school 
house,  in  Morris  township,  are  in  this  charge. 


646  HISTOBY     OF     TIOGA     COTJNTT. 


The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  ISTauvoo  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class  organ- 
ized about  fifty  years  ago^  the  early  meetings  being  held  in  private  residences  and 
in  the  school  house.  The  society  now  meets  in  the  Union  church  building.  This 
church  has  always  been  in  the  Liberty  charge,  and  has  been  served  by  the  pastors 
of  the  church  at  Liberty.     Its  members  reside  in  Liberty  and  Morris  townships. 

The  Universalist  Church  was  organized  ta  1861  at  Shoptown.  A  frame  house 
of  worship  was  erected  and  regular  services  maintained  until  about  1880.  The 
first  pastor  was  Eev.  Walter  Biillen.  His  successor  was  a  Eev.  Mr.  Carpenter.  The 
society  as  an  organization  has  passed  out  of  existence. 

The  United  Evangelical  Church  of  Liberty  is  a  member  of  the  new  denomina- 
tion resulting  from  difEerences  arising  in  the  general  conference  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  some  years  ago.  A  number  of  the  members  of  the  church  in  Liberty 
withdrew  from  the  old  society  and  joined  the  newer  organization,  adherents  of 
which  are  also  to  be  found  at  ISTauvoo  and  in  the  Beuter  school  and  Frock  school 
neighborhoods.  The  church  in  Liberty  numbers  fourteen  members,  and  main- 
tains a  Sunday-school,  of  which  Samuel  Hartman  is  the  superintendent.  Meetings 
are  held  in  a  rented  building.  Eev.  M.  Kennelley  was  the  first  pastor  of  this 
church,  which  is  now  served  by  Eev.  L.  M.  Dice. 

The  Ehenezer  United  Evangelical  Church  of  East  Point  was  incorporated  June 
3,  1895,  in  which  year  a  handsome  church  building,  costing  $3,000,  was  erected. 
The  society  has  been  in  existence  about  five  years,  and  has  had  the  following  pas- 
tors: Eevs.  J.  B.  Pox,  S.  W.  Stover  and  D.  W.  Miller,  who  came  in  the  spring  of 
1896.  The  church  now  numbers  ninety  members,  and  maintains  a  Sunday-school 
of  about  105  pupils,  of  which  Joseph  Eoupp  is  the  superintendent. 

Union  Churches  are  to  be  found  in  ISTauvoo,  Sebrings  and  at  Shoptown.  The 
one  at  Sebrings  was  erected  in  1863,  that  at  ISTauvoo  about  1870  and  the  one  at 
Shoptown  in  1891.  The  latter  church  is  a  neat  and  attractive  edifice,  costing 
$1,500.  A  Union  Sunday-school  is  maintained  here  with  about  forty  pupils.  Mrs. 
Murray  Mase  is  the  superintendent. 

Cemeteries  and  burying  grounds  are  to  be  found  in  various  parts  of  the  town- 
ship. The  old  Block  House  burying  ground,  in  which  the  early  pioneers  were  laid 
at  rest,  was  in  the  northern  part  of  the  present  borough.  Another  old  cemetery 
was  m  the  rear  of  the  Evangelical  church.  There  is  a  cemetery  adjoining  the 
Lutheran  church,  near  Hartford,  and  one  adjoining  the  Union  church  at  Sebrings. 
The  cemetery  at  East  Point  was  incorporated  in  June,  1895.  In  each  of  these  as 
well  as  in  private  buiying  grounds,  rest  the  remains  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  tora- 
ship  and  those  of  many  of  their  descendants. 

SOCIETIES. 

_  Block  House  Lodge,  No.  291, 1.  0.  Q.  F.,  was  instituted  Pebruary  35, 1850  The 
origmal  charter  was  destroyed,  and  a  new  charter  issued  August  38,  1856  Decem- 
ber 9,  1879,  this  lodge  lost  by  fire  all  its  regalia  and  lodge  furniture,  except  the 
desks  and  books.     It  has  now  a  well-furnished  hall  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  building, 

X,-.^f;;'  P  T\f  ?o'  '''°^^''*  '""^  ^°^*  Vrosv^rou.  lodges  in  the  county! 
King  Brothers  Post,  No.  288,  G.  A.  E.,  was  organized  September  30,  1883,  with 
thirty-five  members.    It  also  meets  in  the  Odd  Fellows' building.    Sebring  Grange, 


LIBEETT    TOWNSHIP.  647 


No.  1047,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  November  2,  1891,  with  sixteen  members.  It 
now  numbers  100  members,  and  meets  regularly  at  Sebrings,  where  it  owns  a  hall 
building,  erected  in  1893  at  a  cost  of  $500.  NauTOO  Grange,  No.  1056,  P.  of  H., 
was  organized  in  February,  1892,  with  eighteen  members.  It  now  numbers  fifty 
members.  Its  place  of  meeting  is  Nauvoo.  Washington  Camp,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  was 
organized  February  11,  1893.  It  meets  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  building,  in  Liberty, 
and  has  145  members.  Zimmerman  Castle,  No.  457,  K.  G.  E.,  was  organized  Sep- 
tember 6,  1892,  at  NauTOO.  In  the  fall  of  1893  it  erected  a  hall  building  costing 
$1,200.  It  has  a  large  membership.  A  Farmers'  Alliance,  with  a  large  mem- 
bership, was  recently  organized  in  the  Beuter  school  house  neighborhood.  It 
meets  regularly   and  is  prosperous. 

LIBEETT    BOEOTJGH. 

As  already  stated  in  the  portion  of  this  chapter  dealing  with  the  pioneer  settle- 
ment, Anthony,  who  kept  the  old  Block  House  tavern,  was  the  first  settler  on 
the  site  of  Block  House,  now  Liberty  borough.  In  1813  he  was  succeeded 
as  landlord  of  the  old  Block  House  tavern  by  Jonathan  Sebring,  who  kept  a  well- 
ordered  and  reputable  house.  He  later  erected  a  better  building  on  the  site  of  the 
Block  House.  Among  his  early  successors  were  a  Mr.  Morris,  Joseph  Hagenbach 
and  Joel  H.  "Woodruff,  who  purchased  the  property  in  1841,  and  in  1847  built  a 
new  house.  He  continued  the  business  until  18G9,  since  which  time  there  have 
been  a  number  of  landlords.  A.  Semsey  took  charge  in  1881,  and  in  1886  the 
present  hotel  building  was  erected.  The  Eagle  Hotel  was  opened  in  1866,  the  first 
landlord  being  A.  Artley,  whose  successors  have  been  Gurdon  Felter  and  Henry 
Barrow,  John  and  Charles  Foulkrod,  Eobert  C.  Sebring  and  his  son,  Grant  Sebring, 
who  has  owned  the  property  since  1887. 

In  1816  a  post  route  was  established  from  Williamsport,  through  Block  House, 
to  Painted  Post,  New  York.  John  SheJier,  Jr.,  then  a  lad  thirteen  years  old,  carried 
the  mail.  A  stage  route  was  established  later,  and  was  continued  until  the  building 
of  the  Northern  Central  railroad  from  Williamsport  to  Elmira.  Daily  stages  now 
connect  with  Trout  Eun,  Canton,  Blossburg  and  Morris.  A  postof&ee,  named 
Liberty,  was  established  December  23,  1824,  Jacob  Levegood  being  the  first  post- 
master. About  1837  Jonathan  Sebriag  was  appointed.  His  successors  have  been 
Isaac  Foulkrod,  Horace  Fellows,  Joel  H.  Woodruff,  B.  F.  Werline,  Eobert  C.  Cox, 
William  Narber,  Charles  N.  Moore,  C.  A.  Miller  and  John  Foulkrod,  who  was 
appointed  January  1,  1894.  Prior  to  1824  letters  for  Block  House  were  directed  to 
Williamsport.  John  Foulkrod,  the  present  postmaster,  has  in  his  possession  one 
written  by  John  P.  Foulkrod,  of  Oxford  township,  Philadelphia  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, inscribed  as  follows: 

Mr.  Isaac  Pulkrod, 
Near  the  Block  House, 
Tioga.  Co., 
To  the  care  of  Mr.  Thomas  Updegraft, 
Williamsport,  Pa. 


648  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


He  also  has  one  postmarked  Frankford  Postoffice,  May  14,  1833,  and  inscribed: 

Mr.  Isaac  Fulkrod, 
Tioga  Co.,  Liberty  Township, 
Liberty  P.  O.,  Blockhouse, 

Pa. 

The  first  store  was  opened  in  1833  by  Joseph  Hughes.  Among  the  eaxher  and 
more  prominent  merchants  have  been  John  Sebring,  1835;  Charles  Hagenbach, 
■who  began  business  about  1837;  Charles  H.  Cochran,  1840;  Eobert  C.  Sebring, 
1840;  C.  H.  Hensler,  1842;  John  Cochran,  1843;  George  E.  Sheffer,  who  opened  a 
grocery  in  1849;  I.  &  H.  TJlman,  who  opened  a  store  on  Jew  Hill,  about  1850; 
Eobert  C.  Cox  and  others.  Liberty  has  always  been  a  good  business  point.  It 
is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  farming  section  and  commands  the  trade  of  a  large  number 
of  thrifty  and  prosperous  farmers.  Its  business  center  is  compact  and  well-built 
and  its  business  men  public-spirited  and  enterprisiag. 

Liberty  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  July  3,  1893,  and  was  duly  organized 
by  the  election  of  the  following  officers:  I.  M.  Warriner,  burgess;  F.  M.  ShefEer, 
J.  W.  Guernsey,  C.  A.  Maneval,  Z.  E.  Kimble,  D.  0.  Hartsock  and  Israel  Faver, 
couneilmen;  J.  F.  Wheeland  and  William  Foulkrod,  justices  of  the  peace;  John 
Foulkrod,  assessor;  J.  E.  Keagle,  constable  and  collector;  W.  W.  "Woodruff,  high 
constable,  and  G.  F.  Brion,  Merton  Miller  and  M.  M.  Werline,  auditors. 

TILLAGES    AND    POSTOFFICES. 

Nauvoo  is  situated  on  the  western  line  of  the  township,  about  a  mile  north  of 
the  county  line,  lies  on  both  sides  of  Zimmerman's  creek,  and  is  partly  in  Morris 
township.  It  was  named  by  Mrs.  Lydia  Jane  Pierson,  because  during  the  Mormon 
excitement  a  few  persons  living  in  the  neighborhood  became  adherents  of  that  faith, 
and  went  with  the  Mormons  to  Nauvoo,  Illinois.  She  and  her  husband,  Oliver 
Pierson,  were  pioneer  settlers  here,  coming  into  the  township  as  early  as  1823,  Mr. 
Pierson  having  previously  invested  in  1,000  acres  of  wild  land  lying  in  and  around 
the  village.  A  postoffice  was  established  here  in  the  early  forties,  C.  A.  Comstock 
being  the  first  postmaster.  The  office  has  since  been  held  by  D.  W.  Canfield,  John 
Compton,  L.  A.  Comstock,  Ben-jamin  Maneval,  John  Sebring,  John  Childs,  J.  S. 
Childs  and  Miss  Maggie  Eitter,  who  was  appointed  in  December,  1895.  The  first 
merchant  was  D.  W.  Canfield,  who  opened  a  store  about  1850,  in  which  year,  also, 
C.  L.  Farnsworth  opened  a  hotel.  In  1863  this  house  was  kept  by  L.  L.  Comstock, 
and  has  since  had  numerous  landlords.  The  present  one,  John  E.  Childs,  has  kept 
the  house  since  1886.  There  are  two  general  stores  in  the  village,  one  carried  on 
by  Joseph  Childs,  who  has  been  in  business  since  1865,  and  the  other  by  John 
Hagerty.  A  grist-mill,  already  noticed,  is  operated  by  Adam  Coppersmith.  A  Union 
church,  a  Grange  hall  and  a  school  comprise  the  buildings  devoted  to  public  use. 

Sebrings  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  about  three  miles  north  of  Liberty  borough, 
on  the  Blossburg  road.  It  was  named  for  John  Sebring,  an  early  settler  and  mer- 
chant here.  The  postoffice  was  established  in  March,  1884,  the  first  postmaster 
being  Henry  Dycker.  He  held  the  office  until  June  20,  1894,  when  David  Heyler, 
who  also  keeps  a  general  store,  was  appointed.     There  are  two  churches  in  the  vil- 


,a. 


UNION    TOWNSHIP.  649 


lage — ^the  Union  church,  erected  in  1863,  and  the  Lutheran  church,  erected  in 
1896 — also  a  Grange  hall. 

Shoptown,  so  named  from  the  wagon  shop  of  Solomon  Blanchard  erected  over 
thirty  years  ago,  is  about  two  miles  northeast  of  Liberty,  on  the  Canton  road.  A 
second  wagon  shop  was  started  here  by  Charles  Weigand.  Both  were  discontinued 
a  number  of  years  ago.  There  are  two  church  buildings  here — the  Universalist 
and  the  new  Union  church  building. 

Uast  Point  is  situated  on  the  Canton  road,  about  a  mile  west  of  the  eastern  line 
of  the  township.  A  postoffice  was  established  here  in  1880,  P.  W.  Shick  being  the 
first  postmaster.  His  successors  have  been  Joseph  Bickler,  Henry  Gleckler  and 
Daniel  Boger,  appointed  in  October,  1894.  C.  D.  McCracken,  the  deputy  post- 
master, also  carries  on  a  general  store.  There  are  two  church  buildings  here,  the 
Evangelical  and  the  United  Evangelical,  also  a  public  school  building. 

Hartford  is  the  name  of  a  postoflice  about  three  miles  east  of  Nauvoo,  on  the 
Canton  road.  A  postof&ee  named  Barfelden  was  maintained  here  for  many  years 
and  then  discontinued.  The  present  office  was  established  in  1890,  the  first  post- 
master being  Harry  Darling.  M.  W.  Hart,  the  present  postmaster,  was  appointed 
in  1891.     He  also  carries  on  a  general  store. 


CHAPTEE  LYIII. 

UTTION  TOWNSHIP. 

Organisation— Physical  Features— Streams— Population— Pioneee  Settlers 
Early  and  Later  Enterprises— Schools— Physicians  and  Justices- 
Churches,  Cemeteries  and  Societies— Villages. 


UlSriOlSr  township,  the  southeastern  township  of  the  county,  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Hamilton  and  Ward  townships;  on  the  east  by  Bradford  county;  on 
the  south  by  Lycoming  county,  and  on  the  west  by  Liberty  and  Hamilton  townships. 
Its  northern,  eastern  and  western  boundary  lines  are  regular,  while  its  southern 
boundary  line  follows— except  near  the  southwest  corner— the  windings  of  Eoaring 
Branch  and  of  Lycoming  creek.  The  township  was  organized  in  February,  1830, 
and  was  taken  from  Sullivan  township.  It  is  one  of  the  larger  townships  of  the 
county;  being  about  seven  and  one-half  miles  from  east  to  west,  with  an  average  from 
north  to  south  of  about  eight  miles,  giving  it  an  area  of  about  sixty  square  miles. 
The  drainage  is  toward  the  south  and  east,  the  principal  stream  being  Mill  creek, 
and  its  two  branches,  East  and  West  Mill  creek,  and  Sugar  Works  run,  and  its  two 
branches.  East  and  West  Sugar  Works  run.     Lycoming  creek  and  Eoaring  Branch, 


650  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


which  form  all  but  a  small  portion  of  the  southern  boundary,  have  each  a  number  of 
small  branches  in  the  township.  The  township  is  principally  upland  plateau,  the 
northern  third  being  mountainous  and  rising  to  over  2,200  feet  before  the  dividing 
summit  is  reached.  Some  of  the  highest  elevations  in  the  county  axe  in  this  part 
of  the  township. 

Though  once  heavily  timbered  and  the  scene  of  active  lumbering  operations, 
Union  is  now  one  of  the  almost  exclusively  agricultural  townships  of  the  county. 
The  ISTorthem  Central  railroad,  which  runs  along  the  Lycoming  Creek  valley,  is 
accessible  for  shipping  purposes  to  the  residents  of  the  township,  giving  them  access 
to  both  northern  and  southern  markets. 

Union  township  has  grown  steadily.  In  1840  it  had  228  inhabitants;  in  IBYO, 
1,098;  1880,  1,789,  and  1890,  1,876. 

PIONEER     SETTLEES. 

One  of  the  earliest,  if  not  the  very  earliest,  settlers  was  Uriah  Loper,  Sr.,  a 
native  of  Salem  county,  New  Jersey,  who  located,  soon  after  1800,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  township,  on  land  covered  by  Warrant  Ko.  4602,  for  which  he  received 
a  deed  from  Joshua  Grigby,  August  15,  1807.  Deeds  bearing  the  same  date  were 
also  given  by  Grigby  to  James  Sullard  and  John  Crandles,  for  lands  covered  by  the 
same  warrant;  to  Samuel  Wakeman,  for  land  covered  by  "Warrant  No.  4600,  and  to 
Jesse  Drake  and  Laban  Landon  for  land  covered  by  Warrant  N"o.  4601.  These 
lands  all  lay  along  the  Bradford  county  line.  If  James  Sullard  became  a  settler, 
his  stay  was  short,  as  he  soon  afterward  removed  to  Liberty  township. 

In  1804  Eli  McNett,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  came  from  Towanda,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  settled  on  Lycoming  creek,  on  the  site  of  the  village  of  Carpenter.  His 
son,  Samuel  MclSTett,  who  was  born  in  Towanda  in  1803,  and  came  into  the  county 
as  a  babe,  is — so  far  as  we  are  informed — ^the  oldest  person  in  that  point  of  residence 
now  living  in  the  county.  In  1811  John  Newell  came  into  the  township  and  soon 
afterward  commenced  a  clearing  on  "Joe  Hill,"  about  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of 
Lycoming  creek.  He  afterward  moved  to  what  is  now  known  as  Newelltown,  below 
Carpenter,  on  the  creek.  Here  he  died  March  26,  1876,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
Samuel  Eutty,  whose  name  appears  on  the  assessment  list  of  1812,  settled  near  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  township.  John  Ellis,  whose  name  is  on  the  assessment 
list  of  1818,  settled  about  1816-17.  Lyman  Spencer  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  township  about  1816  and  1818.  Thomas  Bennet  settled  about  the  same 
time.  Benjamin  K.  Chapman  came  in  1820  and  settled  on  land  occupied  tempor- 
arily by  Eobert  Potter.  Benjamin  Wilson  settled  in  the  township  about  1822; 
Nathaniel  Nichols  and  John  Simpkins  about  1823;  John  Watts  about  1825;  Zepha- 
niah  Eobbins,  Joseph  Groover,  Milton  Smiley,  William  Taylor,  John  Turner,  and 
Captain  Gardner  between  1825  and  1830. 

Among  those  who  settled  between  1830  and  1840  were  Nathan  Palmer,  Thomas 
Tebo  and  William  Baxrow,  who  came  in  1837;  Kev.  I.  B.  Eeynolds  and  James  Hurley, 
who  came  in  1838,  and  William  C.  Eathbun,  who  came  in  1839.  In  1840  John 
Ogden  settled  on  the  site  of  Ogdensburg.  In  this  year  also  Joseph  Wilbur  and 
Charles  M.  Dibble  settled  in  the  township.  In  1841  Patrick  McCormick,  a  native 
of  Longford  county,  Ireland,  located  about  three  miles  and  a  half  northwest  of 


UNION   TOWNSHIP.  651 


Eoaxing  Branch,  near  the  Liberty  township  line,  and  became  the  founder  of  the 
Irish  settlement.  In  this  year  also  Joshua  Eeynolds  settled  in  the  township.  Patrick 
and  Peter  Skelley  and  Patrick  Wynn,  natives  of  Ireland,  came  in  1843  and  located 
in  the  Irish  settlement.  Abram  Eundall  and  Mark  R.  Herrington  settled  in  1845,  and 
James  Preston  and  Thomas  DeConrsey  in  1848,  the  latter  locating  in  the  Irish  set- 
tlement. 

EAKLY    AND     LATEE    ENTEfiPEISBS. 

The  first  saw-mill  and  grist-mill  in  the  township  were  erected  and  operated  by 
Uriah  Loper  as  early  as  1818,  in  which  year  these  properties  were  assessed  to  him. 
They  evidently  did  not  prove  profitable,  as  no  mention  of  them  is  made  after  1819. 
About  1830  Captain  Gardner  erected  a  mill  near  the  mouth  of  Eoaring  Branch,  which 
in  1833  became  the  property  of  John  Green.  In  1846  Mr.  Green  enlarged  it  to  a 
double  mill.  He  ran  it  until  1858.  In  1832  a  saw-mill  was  operated  by  Nathan 
Wood,  Jesse  GrifBn  and  Chester  Pratt.  In  1834  Wood  became  the  owner.  Francis 
Peltier  was  running  a  miU  in  1835  and  Pelix  Peltier  in  1837.  These  mills  appear 
to  have  gone  down  in  the  financial  crisis  of  the  latter  year.  About  1842  L.  X.  and 
Levi  D.  Landon  erected  a  saw-mill  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township  near  the  Brad- 
ford county  line.  About  1847  Lewis  WeiskopfE  purchased  Levi  D.  Landon's  interest. 
They  ran  this  mill  until  1851.  About  1844  A.  N.  Derby  erected  a  saw-mill  a 
short  distance  above  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  and  in  1846  Eeuben  Derby  erected 
a  grist-mill.  In  1851  these  mills  were  the  property  of  John  E.  Campbell,  who  oper- 
ated them  until  1855. 

Between  1850  aid  1860  a  number  of  saw-mills^  were  in  operation  in  various 
parts  of  the  township.  .'Among  those  owning  or  running  them  were  Beers  &  Castle,  A. 
and  T.  S.  Griswold,'  George  Groover,  Joseph  Groover,  I.  W.  Landon,  Lovelett 
Taylor,  Harrison  Stratton,  Frederick  S.  Boas  and  William  Brain.  About  1872 
Geiger  &  Eockwell  erected  a  grist-mill  on  Mill  creek  near  its  mouth.  This  mill  is 
now  owned  by  Eobert  Innes.  Another  grist-mill  on  Mill  creek  is  operated  by 
Jonathan  Thompson. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  township — a  log  structure — ^was  built  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  east  of  Ogdensburg,  and  stood  nearly  opposite  the  Swamp  Baptist  church. 
An  early  school  was  also  built  in  the  Eutty  neighborhood,  near  the  southeastern  cor- 
ner of  the  township.  The  first  schools  were  maintained  by  subscription.  After  the 
going  into  effect  of  the  public  school  law  in  1835,  the  township  was  divided  into 
school  districts.  These,  as  the  township  became  more  settled,  were  sub-divided,  until 
at  present  there  are  fourteen  schools  maintained.  Among  the  early  teachers  were 
Hiram  Landon,  Miss  Eockwell,  Miss  Frisbee,  Miss  Van  Housen,  Eev.  I.  B.  Eeynolds, 
Hamilton  Thomas,  D.  Manley,  Miss  Eogers  and  Janette  Eoper. 

PHYSICIANS    AND    JUSTICES. 

For  thirty  years  after  Union  township  was  organized  its  inhabitants  were  de- 
pendent for  medical  and  surgical  aid  upon  the  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Canton, 
Blossburg,  Ealston,  and  Williamsport.  About  1861  Dr.  J.  E.  Cleveland  located  in 
Ogdensburg,  where  he  continued  in  practice  for  nearly  twenty  years.     In  February, 


652  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


1880,  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Theodore  F.  Woester,  who  also  located  in  Ogdens- 
burg,  and  is  at  present  the  resident  physician  of  that  place.  Dr.  Orson  C.  Cole,  now 
retired,  began  practice  in  the  township  in  1870.  For  the  past  two  years  Dr.  Fred. 
Bailey  has  practiced  in  Eoaring  Branch. 

The  following  named  persons  have  served  as  justices  of  the  peace  for  the  town- 
ship since  its  organization:  Martin  Eobinson,  1833;  Lauson  Miller,  1834;  Solon 
Eichards  and  William  Hill,  1835;  John  Marvin  and  Alfred  Eipley,  1836;  Evan 
Harris,  1837;  Edwin  Dyer  and  Isaac  Drake,  1838;  Charles  0.  Spencer,  1840;  re- 
elected, 1845, 1850;  Perry  Kewell,  1840;  Theodore  Harding,  1845;  Ambrose  Barker, 
1850;  re-elected,  1855,  1860;  Abner  Doty,  1852;  George  M.  Foster,  1853;  E.  V.  Van 
Housen,  1856;  Anson  Dann,  1861;  J.  E.  Cleveland,  1865;  re-elected,  1870;  Justin 
Bothwell,  1866;  A.  A.  Griswold,  1869;  Patrick  Wynn,  1874;  re-elected,  1879,  1885, 
1890;  Peter  B.  Herrington,  1875;  re-elected,  1880;  Thomas  De  Coursey,  1884;  re- 
elected, 1889, 1894;  Lawrence  Eiley,  1895. 

CHUHCHES,    CEMETEBIBS    AND     SOCIETIES. 

The  Baptist  Church  of  Union,  known  as  the  "Swamp  Church,"  was  organized 
May  9, 1844.  The  society  sustained  covenant  meetings,  gathering  in  private  dwell- 
ings, principally  at  the  house  of  Deacon  George  Foster,  and  in  the  Swamp  school 
house  until  December  16,  1858,  when  their  present  church  building  was  dedicated. 
This  building  is  located  about  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  one  of 
the  oldest  houses  of  worship  in  the  county.  Eev.  E.  Loomis  contributed  largely 
toward  its  erection.  The  church  has  always  belonged  to  the  Bradford  Association, 
and  has  been  served  by  the  following  named  ministers:  Eevs.  J.  E.  Burdick,  1844- 
45;  "W.  H.  Dwire,  1846;  I.  B.  Eeynolds,  1847-56,  1858-79;  C.  H.  Crowl,  1883-84, 
1886-87;  W.  A.  Biss,  1888;  J.  G.  IToble,  1889;  G.  D.  Ballentine,  1890-91;  T. 
Shearer,  1893;  M.  C.  Decker,  1894;  W.  H.  Porter,  1895-96.  The  following  named 
ministers,  thought  not  regularly  employed  as  pastors,  have  preached  and  held  re- 
vival meetings  at  different  times:  Eevs.  E.  Burroughs,  E.  Loomis,  Thomas  Mit- 
chell and  G.  P.  Watrous.     The  church  now  numbers  fifty-one  members. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Newelltown  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  class 
organized  many  years  ago.  It  is  in  the  same  charge  as  the  churches  on  Stull 
Eidge  and  at  Eoaring  Branch  and  has  had  the  same  pastors.  A  house  of  worship 
was  erected  in  1873,  at  a  cost  of  $1,300.  It  maintains  a  well-attended  Sunday- 
school. 

The  StuU  Ridge  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  originated  in  a  class  organized 
about  1850.  It  afterward  dwindled  away,  but  was  revived  about  twenty  years  ago. 
A  church  building  was  erected  and  dedicated  in  1881,  near  the  residence  of  Thomas 
Stull,  who  gave  the  land  on  which  it  stands.  The  pastors  of  this  church  have  been 
Eevs.  Joseph  F.  Anderson,  A.  P.  Wharton,  J.  B.  Graham,  T.  S.  Pans,  J.  P.  Beyer 
and  Eobert  L.  Armstrong.  This  church  now  numbers  about  twenty  members. 
There  are  thirty  pupils  in  the  Sunday-school,  of  which  Alfred  Newell  is  the  super- 
intendent. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Roaring  Branch  originated  in  a  class  organ- 
ized in  1870.  The  present  house  of  worship,  which  cost  $3,000,  was  dedicated 
July  7, 1881.  The  pastors  of  this  church  have  been  Eevs.  Mr.  Craig,  Mr.  Edwards, 
A.  P.  Wharton,  J.  F.  Anderson,  J.  B.  Graham,  T.  S.  Faus,  J.  P.  Beyer  and  Eobert 


UNION    TOWNSHIP.  653 


L.  Armstrong.  There  axe  at  present  about  twenty  members.  A  Sunday-school 
of  sixty  pupils  is  in  charge  of  J.  D.  Catlin,  superintendent. 

The  Church  of  Christ  of  North  Union  was  organized  March  37,  1859,  with 
over  sixty  members.  The  following  named  ministers  have  served  as  pastors  of 
this  church:  Eevs.  Charles  McDougall,  E.  C.  Barrow,  E.  F.  Delmont,  1866:  B. 
H.  Hayden,  John  Daisley,  1883;  A.  S.  Morrison,  1884-85;  E.  P.  Delmont,  1886-89; 
J.  H.  Gordinier,  1890;  M.  T.  Manus,  1891;  A.  E.  Miller,  1891-94,  and  George  Lo- 
bingier,  1894-96.  This  church  now  numbers  110  members.  The  congregation 
met  in  the  school  house  until  1888,  when  a  neat  church  building,  with  good  sheds, 
valued  at  $1,500,  was  erected. 

St.  John's  Catholic  Church  was  organized  about  thirty-five  years  ago,  its  mem- 
bership being  made  up  of  the  Catholic  families  of  the  Irish  Settlement.  A  neat 
frame  church  building,  costing  $600,  was  erected  in  1880,  replacing  an  older  build- 
ing erected  soon  after  the  church  was  organized.  The  present  building  occupies 
a  commanding  site  near  the  Liberty  line,  and  is  one  of  the  landmarks  of  the  town- 
ship. The  membership  of  this  church  now  comprises  eleven  families.  It  is  in  the 
Blossburg  parish,  and  is  served  by  the  priests  of  the  Blossburg  church. 

The  People's  Church,  erected  in  1889,  at  Ogdensburg,  by  the  Church  Building 
Society,  incorporated  August  6,  1888,  is  a  house  of  worship  open  to  all  denomina- 
tions, without  distinction  of  "creed  or  color."  It  is  a  neat  frame  edifice  and  cost 
$1,600. 

Cemeteries  and  graveyards  are  found  in  various  parts  of  the  township.  Those 
at  Union  Center,  Ogdensburg,  Stull  Eidge  and  Bearing  Branch  are  incorporated. 
In  these  and  the  graveyards  at  N^ewelltown  and  other  places  in  the  township  lie  the 
remains  of  the  pioneer  settlers  and  of  many  of  their  descendants. 

The  Secret  Societies  of  the  township  are  as  follows:  Griffin  Lodge,  No.  655, 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  was  organized  March  39,  1869.  It  now  numbers  thirty-four  members, 
and  meets  in  Eoaring  Branch.  Irvin  Post,  No.  363,  G.  A.  E.,  organized  in  1883, 
meets  at  Ogdensburg.  Ogdensburg  Tent,  No.  196,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  was  organized 
August  8,  1893.  It  meets  in  Ogdensburg  and  has  twelve  members.  Mountain 
Echo  Council,  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.,  was  instituted  April  35,  1894.  It  meets  in  Eoaring 
Branch.  South  Union  Grange,  No.  1093,  P.  of  H.,  was  organized  in  1894.  There 
are  also  granges  at  Carpenter,  at  Union  Center  and  in  the  Thomas  neighborhood, 
near  the  Bradford  county  line.  A  lodge  of  Patrons  of  Temperance  meets  at  Car- 
penter. 

VILLAGES. 

Penbryn  is  the  name  of  a  station  on  the  Northern  Central  railroad  near  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  township.  The  name  of  the  postoffice  is  Carpenter.  The 
village  lies  on  both  sides  of  Lycoming  creek  and  is  partly  in  Lycoming  county.  The 
first  settler  here  was  Eli  McNett,  who  located  on  the  village  site,  in  Union  township, 
in  1804.  He  opened  a  hotel  here  about  1830,  in  a  brick  building  erected  for  the 
purpose.  It  was  known  as  the  Halfway  House,  because  it  was  half  way  between 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  and  Elmira,  New  York.  It  was  popular  with  the 
traveling  public  for  many  years.  On  November  8,  1869,  a  postoffice,  called  Car- 
penter, was  established  here.     Elisha  W.  Sweet,  the  first  postmaster,  was  succeeded 


g54  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

July  25,  1888,  by  Eli  L.  MeNett,  who  still  holds  the  office.  The  railroad  station 
and  the  stores  of  Alexander  Sweet  and  A.  Carl  are  in  Union  township. 

Newelltown  is  situated  on  Lycoming  creek,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  below  Pen- 
bryn.  There  are  three  or  four  farm  residences  here  and  two  churches,  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  and  the  Second  Adventist. 

Roaring  Branch  is  situated  on  Lycoming  creek,  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek. 
It  is  in  both  Lycoming  and  Tioga  counties,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  import- 
ance, on  account  of  the  large  tannery  on  the  Lycoming  side,  which  gives  employment 
to  over  100  persons.  The  name  of  the  village  is  Mill  Creek,  and  it  was  first  settled 
about  sixty  years  ago.  A  postoffice,  called  Eoaring  Branch,  was  established  February 
10,  1862.  The  first  postmaster  was  L.  L.  Washburn.  His  successors  have  been 
Charles  S.  Green,  appointed  January  19,  1863;  Harvey  A.  Thornton,  January  24, 
1867;  Charles  S.  Green,  September  21,  1869;  "William  A.  "Weaver,  April  24,  1883; 
Andrew  J.  Gosline,  September  23,  1885;  Charles  Bubb,  the  present  incumbent, 
December  7,  1888.  The  first  store  was  started  about  1856  by  Charles  S.  Green, 
who  continued  in  business  imtil  1883.  The  site  of  this  store  is  in  Lycoming 
county.  The  postoffice,  the  stores  of  Bubb  &  Leib  and  J.  "W.  Schnar,  and  the  drug 
store  of  C.  D.  Holcomb  are  in  Tioga  county.  The  first  hotel  was  opened  about  thirty 
years  ago  by  Ider  G.  Clafiin.  This  hotel,  known  as  the  Mill  Creek  House,  has  been 
run  for  the  past  eight  years  by  J.  B.  Johnson.  The  Brainard  House  is  across  the 
creek  in  Lycoming  county,  as  is  also  the  station  of  the  Northern  Central  railway. 
The  Methodist  Episcopal  church  building,  the  public  school  building  and  the  greater 
number  of  the  private  residences  are  in  Tioga  coimty.  A  daily  stage  line  to  Ogdens- 
burg  and  Blossburg  connects  with  trains  on  the  Northern  Central  railroad. 

Ogdensburg,  named  after  John  Ogden,  who  settled  on  its  site  in  1840,  is  situated 
west  of  the  center  of  the  township,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Canton  and  the  Blossburg 
public  roads.  A  postoffice  was  established  here  about  1845.  The  office  of  post- 
master has  been  held  by  the  following  named  persons:  John  Irvin,  B.  P.  Irvin, 
D.  Irvin,  L.  Eiley,  D.  Irvin  and  B.  S.  Taxbox,  appointed  in  August,  1893.  The 
first  hotel  here  was  opened  about  1845  by  John  P.  Irvin.  The  building  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  The  present  house  was  erected  by  H.  A.  Lawrence  about  1883. 
He  still  runs  it.  The  first  merchants  were  Hunt  &  Harding,  who  embarked  in  busi- 
ness about  1845.  They  were  succeeded  by  William  Baldwin.  The  village  now 
contains  a  hotel,  two  general  stores,  a  drug  store,  a  church  and  a  public  school 
building. 

Union  Center,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Ogdensburg,  on  the  Canton  road,  con- 
tains the  Swamp  Baptist  church,  a  Grange  hall  and  a  public  school  building.  A 
number  of  the  public  roads  leading  from  the  north  and  the  south  center  here. 

Gleason  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township. 
It  was  established  in  1878,  the  first  postmaster  being  John  Irvin. 


CHAPTEE  LIX. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 
Wellsboeo— Delmae  and  Charleston  Townships. 


Benjamin  Wistae  Moheis,  the  founder  of  Wellsboro,  was  born  in  the  City  of 
Philadelphia,  in  August,  1763,  a  son  of  Samuel  Morris,  a  prominent  merchant  of  that 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Eriends,  then  very  numerous  in  Philadel- 
phia. When  the  project  of  founding  an  English  colony  on  Pine  creek  was  started, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  company  and  the  owner  of  a  large  body  of  land.  Having 
met  with  financial  reverses  in  his  native  city,  through  becoming  security  for  a 
friend,  he  turned  over  his  available  property  in  Philadelphia  to  his  creditors,  re- 
serving only  the  tract  of  wild  land  in  Tioga  township,  Lycoming  county,  a  paxt  of 
which  is  now  the  site  of  Wellsboro,  and  smarting  under  the  disgrace,  as  he  regarded 
it,  resolved  to  bury  himself  in  the  wilderness  of  the  Pine  creek  region  and  try  to 
retrieve  his  fortune.  He  was  then  past  middle  life,  but  he  brought  with  him  his  wife, 
Mary  (Wells)  Morris,  bom  in  Philadelphia,  September  16,  1761;  one  unmarried 
daughter,  Eebecea,  and  his  son,  Samuel  W.,  and  settled  in  the  wilderness  in  1799, 
soon  after  building  a  log  cabin  on  the  site  of  W.  D.  Van  Horn's  residence.  It 
was  dreary  and  lonely,  after  the  life  they  had  been  used  to,  but  they  resolutely 
braved  the  trials  and  tribulations  which  fell  to  their  lot  and  succeeded  in  founding 
a  new  home.  In  July,  1810,  his  daughter,  Eebecea,  married  William  Cox  Ellis,  of 
Muncy.  Mr.  Ellis  was  a  representative  man  of  Lycoming  county,  a  member  of  the 
bar,  and  served  in  the  legislature  and  in  Congress.  Mr.  Morris  held  several  of&ces 
of  trust  at  an  early  day,  among  them  postmaster  of  Wellsboro  nearly  ten  years, 
and  was  prominent  in  the  pioneer  life  of  the  community.  His  wife  died  in  Wells- 
boro, which  was  named  in  her  honor,  November  6,  1819;  he  survived  her  until 
April  34,  1835,  and  died  at  his  home  in  the  same  village.  They  are  buried  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  Wellsboro  Cemetery,  where  plain  marble  slabs  mark  their 
graves. 

Samuel  Wells  Moeeis  was  bom  in  Philadelphia,  September  1, 1786,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  what  is  now  Tioga  county  in  1799.  He  was  educated  at  Prince- 
ton College,  and  subsequently  became  one  of  the  leading,  progressive  and  dis- 
tinguished citizens  of  northern  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  first  treasurer  of  the 
county,  serving  from  1808  to  1809,  and  the  first  postmaster  of  Wellsboro,  which 
office  he  filled  from  January  1,  1808,  to  December  31,  1813,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  father.  In  1811  he  was  elected  a  county  commissioner,  which  office  he 
resigned  to  go  upon  the  bench.  In  July,  1813,  he  was  appointed  an  associate 
judge,  and  sat  upon  the  bench  with  Judge  Gibson  at  the  opening  of  the  first  court 
in  Wellsboro,  in  January,  1813.  He  was  then  twenty-six  years  old,  and  it  is  doubtful 
if  a  younger  man  ever  served  in  that  capacity  in  Pennsylvania.  He  filled  the  office 
until  January,  1833.    In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  in  which  body  he 


656  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

served  four  years,  and  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1837  to  1841.  In  1807 
Mr.  Morris  married  Miss  Anna  Ellis,  daughter  of  "William  Ellis,  of  Muney,  Lycom- 
ing county,  and  sister  of  William  Cox  Ellis,  -who  married  his  sister,  Eebecca.  Their 
children  were  as  follows:  William  E.,  a  civil  engineer,  who  died  in  Philadelphia,  in 
September,  1875;  Mary  Wells,  who  married  Hon.  James  Lowrey;  Saxah  Ellis, 
who  married  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris;  Susan  Marriott,  who  married  Hon.  John  W. 
Guernsey;  Benjamin  Wistar,  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Oregon;  Eaehel  Wells, 
a  resident  of  Portland,  Oregon;  Ellen,  who  married  Judge  Henry  Booth,  of  Chicago; 
Charles  Ellis,  who  died  in  1887;  Anna  E.,  widow  of  George  E.  Barker,  of  German- 
town,  and  mother  of  William  Morris  Barker,  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of 
Olympia,  Washington;  Louisa,  who  died  in  Philadelphia,  in  August,  1864,  and 
Samuel  Wells,  a  resident  of  Madison,  New  Jersey. 

Judge  Morris  was  a  man  of  great  activity  and  enterprise.  At  an  early  day  he 
built  a  grist  and  saw-mill  on  his  property  near  Stokesdale  Junction,  which  proved 
a  great  convenience  to  the  pioneers.  At  that  time  the  place  was  known  as  "the 
Marsh,"  and  is  referred  to  by  that  name  in  the  early  records.  His  mill  dam  in  more 
modem  years  has  been  designated  as  the  "Beaver  Dam,"  but  it  was  built  by  him  for 
supplying  his  mills  with  water  power.  It  was  afterwards  torn  away  by  a  party  of 
indignant  settlers  who  believed  that  the  stagnant  water  was  the  cause  of  fever  and 
ague.  Judge  Morris  was  foremost  in  every  improvement  which  he  thought  would 
advance  the  interests  of  the  country.  He  was  a  strong  advocate  for  making  the 
Tioga  river  navigable,  and  he  succeeded  in  organizing  the  Tioga  Navigation  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  the  first  president.  The  last  public  enterprise  in  which  he 
was  engaged  was  the  construction  of  the  Tioga  railroad,  to  which  he  devoted  ten 
of  the  best  years  of  his  life,  laboring  incessantly  from  the  incorporation  of  the  com- 
pany in  1826  until  he  resigned  on  account  of  his  election  to  Congress.  "For  the 
accomplishment  of  this  undertaking,"  remarks  a  local  writer,  "and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  coal  lands  at  Blossburg,  he  obtained  the  services  of  Eichard  C.  Taylor, 
an  eminent  English  engineer  and  geologist,  who  not  only  made  a  survey  of  the 
river  for  the  navigation  company  and  afterward  for  the  railroad  company,  but  also 
made  a  geological  survey  and  examination  of  the  minerals  of  the  Blossburg  coal 
region.  Taylor's  geological  report  was  published  chiefly  at  the  expense  of  Judge 
Morris.  It  was  a  work  much  sought  after,  but  has  long  since  been  out  of  print  and 
hard  to  obtain."  There  was  no  local  enterprise  which  had  for  its  object  the  advance- 
ment of  the  public  welfare  that  did  not  have  the  earnest  and  substantial  support 
of  Judge  Morris.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy,  the  first 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  to  which  he  was  elected  again  and  again,  serving 
as  president,  treasurer,  etc.,  and  remaining  a  firm  friend  of  that  institution  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Wellsboro,  May  25, 1847,  in  the  sixty- 
first  year  of  his  age.  His  wife,  bom  near  Muncy,  Lycoming  county.  May  7,  1791, 
died  at  Germantown,  January  26, 1858.  Both  are  buried  in  the  Wellsboro  Cemetery, 
adjoining  the  graves  of  his  parents. 

John  Noekis,  whose  name  occurs  frequently  in  the  early  records  of  Tioga 
cou;nty,  was  bom  in  England  in  1768,  and  was  educated  at  Oxford  University. 
He  came  to  this  country  towards  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth  centxuy,  and  early  in 
1799  removed  from  Philadelphia,  as  the  agent  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  to  the 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  657 


headwaters  of  the  first  fork  of  Pine  creek,  near  the  site  of  the  present  village  of 
Texas,  Lycoming  county.  Here  he  soon  afterwards  biult  a  rude  grist  and  saw-mill, 
which  became  known  as  "Morris'  Mills."  A  year  or  two  later  Norris  leased  a  build- 
ing which  had  been  erected  by  Philip  Moore,  and  opened  a  school,  which  was  taught 
by  himself  and  wife,  and  pupils  were  received  from  as  far  away  as  Jersey  Shore 
and  the  settlements  along  the  river.  As  an  educational  enterprise  it  was  considered 
wonderful  for  the  time  and  attracted  wide  attention.  When  Benjamin  Wistar 
Morris  became  interested  in  founding  Wellsboro,  he  seems  to  have  secured  the  as- 
sistance of  Norris  in  the  furtherance  of  his  scheme,  and  the  latter  soon  afterwards 
abandoned  his  school  and  settled  at  the  Big  Marsh,  from  which  he  subsequently 
moved  to  the  vicinity  of  the  village,  where  he  remained  the  balance  of  his  days. 

According  to  a  deed  on  record  at  Williamsport  (Deed  Book  P,  p.  97)  an  insight 
is  had  of  the  causes  which  led  to  Norris'  removal,  and  the  part  he  afterwards  bore 
in  promoting  the  interests  of  Morris  and  the  Pine  Creek  Land  Company.  This 
deed  which  bears  date  of  April  33,  1804,  conveys  a  tract  of  300  acres  of  land  from 
Benjamin  Wistar  Morris  to  John  Norris,  and  recites  that: 

In  consideration  of  the  services  to  be  done  and  performed  by  the  said  John  Norris  in 
promoting  and  advancing  the  settlement  and  improvement  of  the  lands  held  by  the  said 
Morris  and  others  on  and  adjacent  to  Pine  Creek,  he,  the  said  B.  W.  Morris,  conveyed  in 
fee  simple  to  the  said  John  Norris,  clear  of  all  incumbrance,  all  that  tract  of  land,  &c. 
And  the  said  Norris  having  fully  complied  with  his  part  of  the  said  agreement  to  this 
time  and  given  satisfactory  assurance  to  the  said  B.  W.  Morris,  expedient  and  conducive 
to  the  interest  and  advancement  of  the  settlement  aforesaid,  to  convey  at  this  time  to  the 
said  John  Norris  the  premises  aforesaid,  and  in  consideration  of  one  dollar  doth  convey  all 
that  tract  situated  in  Lycoming  county,  beginning  at  corner  of  General  Brodhead's,  at  a 
sugar  maple,  containing  about  200  acres,  adjoined  on  south  by  lands  reserved  for  Morris' 
Mills." 

In  the  same  Deed  Book  F,  page  100,  is  another  deed  by  Morris  conveying  a 
tract  of  100  acres,  in  consideration  of  $400,  to  John  Norris,  called  the  "Marsh 
Tract."  Prom  the  foregoing  we  see  why  Norris  became  interested  with  the  founder 
of  Wellsboro.  And  as  a  land  agent  he  proved  himself  active,  vigilant  and  trust- 
worthy, and  became  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  time  in  the  settlement. 

When  Tioga  county  was  organized  for  judicial  purposes,  he  was  appointed  the 
first  prothonotary  and  register  and  recorder,  and  served  until  1818.  He  also  ap- 
pears to  have  had  some  knowledge  of  surveying — probably  acquired  in  connection 
with  his  land  agency — ^for  he  served  as  county  surveyor  from  1814  to  1837,  a  period 
of  thirteen  years.  And  when  Wellsboro  was  made  a  borough,  in  1830,  he  was 
honored  by  being  elected  the  first  burgess.  It  should  also  be  mentioned  that  he 
was  a  charter  member  when  the  act  incorporating  the  Academy  was  passed,  and 
was  elected  a  trustee  several  times  afterwards.  By  virtue  of  his  position  and  social 
relations,  John  Norris  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Wellsboro, 
and  was  greatly  esteemed  and  respected  by  the  people. 

Mr.  Norris  and  his  wife,  Beulah  (J'ackson)  Norris,  had  no  issue.  He  left  a 
will  in  which  he  made  ample  provision  for  his  wife,  giving  her  all  his  household 
furniture,  books,  maps  and  papers — also  the  rents  and  proceeds  of  his  real  estate, 
together  with  certain  mortgages.  To  Lucy  Kelsey,  whose  maiden  name  was  Moore, 
he  gave  $500,  to  be  paid  after  the  death  of  his  wife;  to  Elizabeth  Niles,  then  under 
the  charge  of  Mrs.  John  Dickinson,  $500;  to  Mary  P.  Dickinson,  who  lived  in  his 
42 


658  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY, 

family  when  she  was  single  and  served  as  his  secretary,  $400;  to  Deborah  Ann 
Archer,  $400;  to  his  brother-in-law,  Mordecai  M.  Jackson  and  wife,  $450.  The 
remainder  of  his  estate  he  divided  among  the  sons  and  daughters  of  William  Bache. 
John  Norris  Bache  was  constituted  his  sole  executor  and  trustee;  and  it  was  pro- 
vided that  in  the  event  of  his  death  before  the  business  was  settled  up,  his  brother, 
William  Bache,  was  to  succeed  him.  The  latter  lived  for  years  in  the  N'orris  family, 
but  was  never  legally  adopted.  The  will  was  dated  at  "Dickinson's  Mill,"  September 
16,  1848.  And  here  Mr.  ISTorris  died,  February  10,  1849,  aged  eighty  yeajs,  ten 
months  and  eleven  days.  Mrs.  Norris  also  died  here,  April  13,  1853,  aged  seventy- 
five  years. 

William  Bache,  Se.,  was  one  of  the  prominent  early  settlers  of  Wellsboro, 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  bom  in  Bromsgrove,  England,  December  23,  1771,  and 
immigrated  to  America  in  1793.  For  a  short  time  after  his  arrival  he  resided  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  engaged  in  the  business  of  cutting  profiles.  He  then  made 
a  tour  of  the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies,  following  the  same  art.  Eeturning 
to  Philadelphia,  he  was  married  there  November  28,  1811,  to  Miss  Anna  Page,  and 
soon  after  they  made  a  journey  to  Wellsboro  to  visit  John  JSTorris,  who  was  an  old 
acquaintance  of  Mr.  Bache.  ISTorris  at  that  time  was  deeply  interested  with  Benja- 
min Wistar  Morris  in  founding  the  town,  and  as  they  were  ofiEering  strong  induce- 
ments to  settlers,  Mr.  Bache,  in  1812,  decided  to  take  up  his  residence  there.  He 
immediately  purchased  town  lots,  and  lands  in  Delmar,  under  the  easy  terms  which 
were  offered,  and  prepared  to  engage  in  business.  There  being  no  store  in  the  vil- 
lage, he  put  up  a  building  and  became  one  of  the  first  merchants  in  Wellsboro. 
His  store  and  dwelling  stood  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  present  public  square. 
Dealing  in  mercantile  goods  was  attended  with  many  difficulties  at  that  time.  Mr. 
Bache  purchased  his  goods  in  Philadelphia,  and  they  were  hauled  to  Wellsboro  in 
wagons  overland.  Uncle  Eben  Murry,  one  of  the  slaves  of  William  Hill  Wells, 
whom  he  had  manumitted  when  he  (Wells)  left  the  county,  was  one  of  the  teamsters. 

Shrewd,  sagacious,  industrious  and  energetic,  Mr.  Bache  prospered  as  a  business 
man  and  steadily  accumulated  property.  While  doing  a  kind  act  in  assisting  a 
neighbor  to  cut  a  supply  of  fuel,  a  tree  fell  on  him,  whereby  he  lost  his  right  arm. 
Through  care  he  recovered  from  the  accident,  learned  to  write  with  his  left  hand, 
and  successfully  continued  his  business.  April  10,  1822,  he  was  appointed  post- 
master of  Wellsboro,  and  held  the  office  for  over  twenty-three  years.  He  was  one  of 
the  original  trustees  mentioned  in  the  act  incorporating  the  Wellsboro  Academy, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  committee  selected  to  prepare  a  plan  for  the  building, 
and  for  many  years  was  identified  with,  and  took  an  active  interest  in,  the  success 
and  prosperity  of  the  institution. 

Mr.  Bache  and  wife  had  six  children,  three  sons  and  three  daughters,  viz: 
William,  Laugher,  Sarah,  who  married  Judge  Eobert  G.  White;  John  N.,  Haxriet, 
who  married  Charles  Minor,  of  Honesdale,  and  Anna,  who  became  the  wife  of  A.  P. 
Cone.  They  gave  their  children  the  advantages  of  education,  which  were  liberal  for 
the  times,  and  they  became  men  and  women  of  character  and  position  in  life.  Mr. 
Bache  died  July  9, 1845,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age.  His  wife,  who  was  born 
at  Burlington,  ISTew  Jersey,  l^ovember  6,  1783,  died  December  1,  1856. 

William  Bache,  Jh.,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  October  26,  1812.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  town  and  learned  the  profession  of  land 


BI06EAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  659 


surveying,  in  whicli  he  became  quite  proficient.  When  about  the  age  of  twenty-six 
years  he  became  the  agent  of  several  large  landed  estates,  which  enabled  him  to 
acquire  a  vast  fund  of  information  relating  to  land  surveys.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  as  an  active  surveyor  in  the  field,  and  as  a  dealer  in  farming  and 
timbered  lands. 

Mr.  Bache  was  first  married  December  25,  1839,  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Nichols, 
daughter  of  Archibald  Mchols,  and  sister  of  the  late  Judge  Nichols.  By  her  he  had 
one  daughter,  Sarah,  who  became  the  wife  of  Alfred  Nichols.  His  wife,  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, died  January  38,  1845,  and  in  1849  he  married  Adeline  Eobinson,  sister  of 
the  late  Chester  and  John  L.  Robinson.  Of  his  two  children  by  the  second  marriage 
but  one  is  living,  Mary  Adeline,  widow  of  "William  C.  Kress.  Mr.  Bache's  second 
wife  died  October  11,  1852,  and  he  was  subsequently  married  the  third  time,  to 
Mrs.  Lydia  Maria  Davison,  daughter  of  Palmer  Nichols.  She  died  July  2,  1885. 
There  was  no  issue  by  this  marriage. 

In  looking  back  over  his  long  and  busy  life,  Mr.  Bache  has  the  proud  satis- 
faction of  realizing  that  he  has  ever  been  an  energetic,  progressive  business  man. 
From  the  beginning  of  his  career  of  activity  he  has  filled  many  minor  of&ces  of  trust, 
and  has  always  manifested  the  most  genei'ous  liberality  in  whatever  was  calculated 
to  develop  the  resources  of  his  native  town  and  county,  and  therefore  promote  their 
success  and  prosperity.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy  for  mauj 
years;  was  borough  treasurer;  manager  of  the  Lawrenceville  and  Wellsboro  Plank 
Eoad  Company,  and  the  first  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro.  For 
fully  fifty  years  he  has  been  a  vestryman  in  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  church, 
and  one  of  its  most  liberal  supporters.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  securing  the 
building  of  the  Lawrenceville  and  Wellsboro  railroad,  and  all  other  public  enter- 
prises calculated  to  build  up  the  social  and  material  interests  of  Wellsboro  ajid  the 
surrounding  country.  The  project  to  supply  the  town  with  the  best  water  that  could 
be  secured  was  originated  by  him  and  received  his  strong  financial  support.  The 
Willow  Hall  School  project  also  found  in  him  its  most  liberal  friend;  while  the 
substantial  Bache  Auditorium,  erected  in  1894,  at  a  cost  of  $16,000,  is  a  grand  monu- 
ment to  his  enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

It  is  also  a  noteworthy  fact  that  Mr.  Bache  has  continuously  resided  in  Wells- 
boro since  his  birth,  a  period  of  over  eighty-four  years,  and  is  the  oldest  living 
citizen  of  the  town  who  was  born  within  its  limits.  When  he  first  saw  the  light  of 
day  Wellsboro  was  a  mere  hamlet  composed  of  rude  log  dwellings,  while  Tioga  county 
was  a  comparative  wilderness.  His  boyhood  and  early  manhood  were  spent  among 
the  stirring  scenes  of  pioneer  life,  and  in  his  profession  he  has  traversed  the  hills 
and  valleys  of  Tioga  county  many  times.  Fortune  has  smiled  upon  him  and  re- 
warded him  for  his  toil  and  industry,  and  he  is  now  in  the  e;vening  of  his  well  spent 
life  enjoying  all  the  comforts  which  an  abimdance  of  this  world's  goods  can  procure. 
He  is  still  quite  active  for  one  who  has  passed  the  four  score  milestone,  and  save 
some  imperfection  in  his  hearing,  is  in  possession  of  his  mental  faculties,  and 
enjoys  the  relation  of  reminiscences  of  bygone  days.  He  is  a  thorough  type  of  the 
honest,  hardy,  industrious  and  intelligent  pioneers  of  Tioga  county,  and  he  views 
with  delight  the  progress  that  has  been  made  in  every  department  of  individual 
effort  since  he  was  a  boy. 

IsEAEL  Mbeeick,  Je.,  was  one  of  the  prosperous  and  progressive  pioneers  of 


660  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Tioga  couiity.  Of  New  England  ancestry,  he  was  bom  in  the  state  of  Delaware  in 
1790,  whither  his  parents,  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  and  wife,  had  removed  in  search  of  a 
home.  Not  Hking  the  place,  and  having  their  attention  called  to  the  inducements 
Morris  was  holding  out  for  settlers  in  VVellsboro,  they  came  here  about  1805.  Israel 
Merrick,  St.,  was  a  tall,  venerable  looking  man.  He  was  married  twice,  and  died 
April  30, 1844,  aged  seventy-eight  years.  He  was  buried  in  Ansonia  cemetery.  His 
second  wife  was  a  sister-in-law  of  Justus  Dartt,  of  Charleston  township.  Israel 
Merrick,  Jr.,  had  three  full  sisters — ^Margaret,  who  married  Mordeeai  Moore;  Mary, 
who  married  Elmer  Bacon,  Sr.,  and  Eebecca,  who  married  Daniel  Kelsey.  Merrick 
and  Charles  Moore  took  their  parents  to  Arkansas  over  forty  years  ago,  where  they 
died.  Charles  Moore  at  one  time  represented  a  district  of  Arkansas  in  Congress. 
He  died  of  cholera  many  years  ago.  His  brother,  Merrick  Moore,  was  a  quarter- 
master general  in  the  Confederate  service. 

I^ael  Merrick,  Jr.,  was  about  fifteen  years  of  age  when  the  family  came  to  this 
county.  At  that  time  Wellsboro  was  mostly  dense  woods  and  a  part  of  it  a  swamp. 
There  was,  however,  a  small  clearing  of  about  an  acre  in  the  region  where  John  L. 
Eobinson's  house  was  afterwards  built.  An  incident  in  the  life  of  Mr.  Merrick  at 
that  early  day  is  worth  relating.  At  one  time  he  was  going  from  the  mill  at  the 
Marsh  to  his  home  in  Delmar,  where  they  first  settled,  driving  a  yoke  of  oxen.  Get- 
ting belated  he  took  refuge  in  an  abandoned  corn-crib  which  stood  near  where  Mr. 
Eobinson  afterwards  built  his  house.  The  only  habitation  near  this  was  a  rude  log 
cabin  on  the  side  of  the  hill  where  Judge  Morris  afterwards  bxdlt  a  large  farm  house. 
Before  going  into  the  crib  for  the  night  he  chained  his  oxen  outside  and  built  a  fire. 
During  the  night  he,  as  well  as  the  cattle,  were  very  much  frightened  by  the  screams 
of  a  panther  on  what  is  now  known  as  Bache's  hill.  The  fierce  animal  scented 
game  in  the  log  hut,  but  the  presence  of  the  fire,  which  was  kept  brightly  burning  by 
the  young  man,  probably  deterred  it  from  making  the  attack.  The  night  thus  passed 
by  our  young  pioneer  was  a  long  and  dreary  one  and  the  "brealc  "o  day"  was  gladly 
welcomed.  This  incident  will  serve  to  show  the  primitive  conditions  which  ex- 
isted at  that  time,  as  well  as  to  illustrate  the  progress  that  has  been  made  in  less  than 
ninety  years. 

There  were  no  schools  in  the  county  when  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  came  here.  He 
had,  however,  attained  the  first  rudiments  of  an  education  before  he  left  his  native 
State;  but  not  content  with  that,  he  used  to  spend  long  hours  after  the  family  had 
retired  for  the  night  in  reading  and  studying,  by  the  light  of  pine  knots,  such  books 
as  he  could  obtain.  He  must  have  been  a  very  industrious  student,  for  he  became 
a  man  of  much  general  information,  such  as  is  derived  from  books;  was  an  excel- 
lent penman,  a  keen  observer  of  human  action,  and  was  naturally  a  man  of  good, 
sound  common  sense.  He  never  failed  in  meeting  public  expectations  in  whatever 
station  he  was  placed.  As  commissioners'  clerk  for  over  nineteen  years,  he  became 
widely  known,  and  he  commanded  the  respect  of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  con- 
tact. His  clerical  career  commenced  in  18.38,  and  extended  to  1847,  when  he  was 
elected  a  county  commissioner,  which  office  he  held  three  years.  Mr.  Merrick  mar- 
ried Julia  A.  Erway,  who  was  born  December  10,  1808.  Their  children  were: 
Charles,  George  W.,  and  Ellis;  Maria,  wife  of  Deroy  Herrington;  Mary,  wife  of 
William  Mathers;  Anna,  who  married  Washington  Larrison;  Sarah,  wife  of  Hon. 
Mortimer  E.  Elliott,  and  Ellen.    George  W.  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Wellsboro,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  661 

a  sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  the  "Bench  and  Bar." 
Mr.  Merrick  died  March  7j  1855,  aged  sixty-five  years,  one  month  and  ten  days;  his 
wife  survived  him  about  thirty-one  years,  dying  March  35,  1886. 

MoEDECAi  M.  Jackson  was  born  at  Montgomery  Square,  near  Philadelphia, 
July  15,  1784.  He  came  with  his  brother-in-law,  John  Norris,  to  the  settlement 
established  near  the  site  of  Texas,  Lycoming  county,  ia  1799,  and  known  as  "Morris' 
Mills,"  and  in  1804  removed  with  his  parents  to  Wellsboro.  They  became  discour- 
aged and  soon  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia.  Young  Jackson,  how- 
ever, remained  here  with  friends,  grew  to  manhood,  and  became  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  died  September  29,  1861.  He  married  Hannah 
Iddings,  and  they  had  issue:  Eichard,  who  was  among  the  first  male  children  bom 
in  the  settlement;  James,  Mary  P.,  bom  June  35,  1814.  She  lived  for  several  years 
ia  the  family  of  John  Norris  and  served  as  his  amanuensis.  She  married  John 
Dickinson,  who  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  early  merchants.  He  died  August 
35,  1873,  aged  fifty-eight,  but  his  venerable  widow,  who  has  passed  her  four  score 
years,  still  survives  and  is  a  charming  and  instructive  conversationalist.  She  can 
relate  many  reminiscences  of  early  days  and  distinctly  remembers  hearing  the 
wolves  howl  at  night  on  the  hills  surrounding  Wellsboro.  The  other  daughter, 
Deborah  Ann,  bom  in  1816,  married  Dr.  Archer,  of  Maryland. 

Daniel  Kelset  was  one  of  the  early  representative  men  of  Delmar  township. 
He  was  a  native  of  Kew  Hampshire,  bom  September  7,  1777,  came  to  Tioga  county 
in  1807  and  settled  on  the  old  Kelsey  homestead,  now  in  the  southern  part  of  Wells- 
boro. He  was  four  times  married.  His  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  John  Mathers, 
a  pioneer  of  Delmar.  She  bore  him  one  son,  John,  who  learned  the  printer's  trade 
in  early  life,  and  then  went  to  Wilkes-Barre  and  studied  law.  He  next  removed  to 
'New  Orleans,  whence  he  wrote  a  few  letters  to  friends  in  Wellsboro,  but  soon  after- 
wards made  a  voyage  up  the  Mississippi  river  and  never  vsTote  home  again.  It  was 
learned,  however,  that  between  1840  and  1850  there  was  a  lawyer  named  John 
Kelsey  in  Moniteau  county,  Missouri,  who  then  occupied  a  seat  on  the  bench,  and 
the  belief  gained  ground  that  he  was  the  lost  John  Kelsey  of  Wellsboro.  This 
belief  was  further  strengthened  by  the  fact  that  he  left  home  under  the  deep  dis- 
pleasure of  his  father,  intending  never  to  have  any  further  communication  with  him 
or  the  family.  In  this  declaration  he  exhibited  the  same  unbending  spirit  that 
characterized  his  father.  Daniel  Kelse^s  second  wife  was  Miss  Kilbum,  a  sister  of 
Judge  Ira  Kilbum,  of  Lawrenceville.  His  third  wife  was  Eebecea  Merrick,  a 
daughter  of  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  whom  he  married  January  3,  1835.  She  became  the 
mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Letetia,  wife  of  John  English,  of  Delmar;  Daniel, 
Benjamin  P.  and  Israel  M.,  all  deceased;  Eobert,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  and  Anna 
B.,  teacher  in  a  government  school  at  Fort  Wrangle,  Alaska.  Mrs.  Kelsey  died 
January  16,  1846,  and  he  married  for  his  fourth  wife  Dinah  Ogden.  Mr.  Kelsey 
died  April  17, 1863.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  individuality  and  had  his  own  way  of 
doing  things.  On  January  25,  1813,  he  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Delmar  township,  and  held  the  office  nearly  thirty  years.  Many  interesting  reminis- 
cences of  him  have  been  preserved  which  show  the  character  of  the  man.  He 
lived  on  a  farm  not  included  within  the  original  borough  limits.  In  course  of  time 
he  came  to  be  familiarly  known  as  "Squire  Kelsey,"  a  title  he  bore  until  the  close 
of  his  life.    As  early  as  1817  he  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees  of  Wellsboro  Academy, 


662  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY.. 

and  was  re-elected  in  1819  and  1830.  In  1821,  when  the  number  of  trustees  was  re- 
duced one-half,  he  was  dropped  from  the  list,  and  he  was  not  again  elected  until 
1826.  He  was  twice  re-elected,  in  1827  and  1828.  It  is  said  that  he  was  liberal  in 
his  religious  views,  leaning  towards  a  generous  toleration  and  opposed  to  bigotry. 
He  was  an  industrious,  thrifty  fanner,  close  and  calculating,  but  just  in  his  dealings. 
No  man  ever  accused  him  of  dishonesty  or  of  attempting  to  wrong  his  fellow-man. 
He  was  very  decided  in  his  opinions,  stem  and  unbending  with  his  children,  and 
believed  that  the  true  way  to  prepare  them  for  the  realities  of  life  was  to  teach 
them  morality,  industry  and  economy.  Another  of  his  peculiarities  was  that  he 
was  a  man  of  one  price  always.  If  wheat,  corn,  oats  and  potatoes  were  scarce  and 
the  price  high,  the  poor  man  could  buy  of  him  at  his  own  price,  a  happy  medium 
between  high  and  low.  If  it  was  a  year  of  plenty,  still  he  had  his  own  price,  and 
would  not  reduce  it  if  he  had  to  keep  his  hay  and  grain  over  and  feed  his  potatoes 
to  his  stock.  In  times  of  high  prices  it  was  only  the  poor  and  needy  who  could  buy 
of  him.  No  one  could  buy  for  speculation.  The  home  farm  is  now  occupied  by  the 
widow  of  his  son,  Benjamin  F. 

EoBEET  Kelset,  SOU  of  Daniel  and  Eebecca  (Merrick)  Kelsey,  was  born  in 
Wellsboro,  June  30,  1834,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  on  the  old  homestead.  In 
June,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  of  the  "Bucktail"  regiment,  served  twenty 
months,  and  was  then  discharged  on  account  of  disability.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Mechanicsville  and  Drainsville.  In  September,  1864,  he  re-enlisted  in  the 
Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  which  he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Upon  his  return  to  "Wellsboro  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness with  D.  P.  and  William  Eoberts,  for  about  a  year  and  a  half.  He  then  settled 
upon  a  part  of  the  homestead  which  he  owned  until  1892,  when  he  sold  it  and  has 
since  been  living  retired.  Mr.  Kelsey  was  married  November  13,  1866,  to  Mary  E. 
Trull,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  and  Sarah  W.  Trull.  His  wife  died  March  23,  1879,  and 
on  January  6,  1883,  he  married  Mary  Nancy  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  and 
Sarah  Wilcox.  In  politics,  Mr.  Kelsey  is  a  Eepublican,  and  served  as  supervisor 
of  Delmar  in  1869.     In  religion,  he  inclines  to  the  Adventist  belief. 

Alpheus  Cheney,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Wellsboro,  and  the  first  sheriff  of 
Tioga  county,  was  born  at  Sturbridge,  Massachusetts,  April  27,  1769,  a  son  of  Joseph 
and  Mercilva  Cheney.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1795,  and  served  for 
a  short  time  in  the  United  States  army.  In  1803  we  find  him  employed  as  a  book- 
keeper at  Painted  Post,  New  York,  but  in  March,  1804,  he  removed  to  what  is  now 
Addison,  where  he  was  town  clerk  in  1805.  He  married  Ann  Eliza  Bartill,  and  in 
1808  sold  his  interests  at  Addison  and  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  purchased 
lots,  10,  13  and  18  on  the  original  plot  of  that  town.  He  was  the  first  hotel-keeper 
within  the  village  Umits,  the  third  county  treasurer,  and  the  first  sheriff  of  the 
county.    About  1835  he  removed  to  Lebanon,  Pennsylvania. 

Uncle  Eben  and  Aunt  Hetty  Mueey.— In  the  sketch  of  William  Bache,  Sr., 
reference  is  made  to  Eben  Murrj',  as  one  of  the  early  teamsters  who  hauled  goods 
from  Philadelphia  for  him.  Eben  and  his  wife  Hetty  were  slaves,  brought  here  by 
William  Hill  Wells  about  the  beginning  of  the  century.  When  Mr.  Wells  and  his 
family  gave  up  the  struggle  to  found  a  home  in  the  wild  region  of  Delmar,  they 
manumitted  their  slaves  and  gave  them  their  cleared  land  and  log  cabins  as  a  re- 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  gQ3 

ward  for  their  faithfulness.     Eegarding  the  story  of  the  gift  of  a  home  to  these 
faithful  colored  people,  one  authority  says: 

He  not  only  gave  them  the  farm,  with  suitable  farming-  implements  and  teams,  but 
also  the  household  furniture,  which  was  very  valuable  for  those  times.  Tradition  says 
that  their  white  neighbors  never  rested  till  the  freedmen  were  dispossessed  of  every- 
thing and  they  were  finally  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  John  Norris  for  the  little  homes 
where  they  ended  their  days.  They  were  a  very  superior  class  of  colored  people.  Aunt 
Hetty,  it  was  said,  was  a  daughter  of  an  African  princess,  and  Uncle  Eben  was  a  born 
gentleman,  most  dignified  and  courteous  in  appearance  and  manners. 

In  the  northeast  corner  of  the  Wellsboro  Cemetery  the  tombstone  of  these  two 
remarkable  colored  people  may  be  seen.  It  bears  these  inscriptions:  "Eben  Murry, 
died  May  6,  1864,  aged  96.  Hetty,  his  wife,  died  July  4,  1868,  aged  99.  Colored 
people  sixty-four  years  residents  of  Delmar  and  Wellsboro,  and  highly  respected 
by  all." 

"Uncle  Eben  and  Aunt  Hetty"  had  six  children,  two  sons  and  four  daughters. 
The  eldest,  a  daughter,  was  born  May  4,  1804,  probably  in  Delmar,  soon  after  their 
parents  came  from  Delaware.  Of  the  six  only  one  now  survives — "Betty  Murry,"  as 
she  is  familiarly  called.  She  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  in  March,  1816,  and 
from  her  appearance  bids  fair  to  live  as  long  as  her  parents.  She  was  trained  as  a 
house  servant  and  cook  by  Mrs.  James  Lowrey,  and  became  very  proficient.  She 
excels  as  a  caterer  and  manager  at  weddings  and  social  parties,  and  her  services 
are  in  constant  demand  by  the  best  classes.  Betty  was  present  at  the  wedding  of 
Dr.  Joseph  P.  Morris  to  Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Judge  Samuel  W.  Morris,  in  1836, 
and  ofiiciated  in  the  same  capacity  at  the  we'dding  of  their  daughter,  Catherine,' 
many  years  afterwards.  She  is  intelligent  and  ladylike  in  her  manners,  and  is 
greatly  respected.  She  cared  for  her  aged  parents  thirteen  years,  and  when  they 
died  she  had  a  marble  tablet  erected  to  preserve  their  names  and  memories.  Al- 
though eighty-one  years  old  she  does  not  show  her  age,  and  is,  apparently,  as  active 
and  able  to  pursue  her  calling  as  she  was  forty  years  ago. 

James  Lock,  who  was  bom  in  ISTew  Hampshire,  May  18,  1790,  came  to  "Wells- 
boro in  1815,  attracted  there  no  doubt  by  the  inducements  held  out  to  settlers. 
At  that  time  there  were  but  five  frame  buildings  in  the  place,  the  balance  being 
log  structures  of  the  most  primitive  character.  Mr.  Lock  was  a  silversmith,  but  he 
did  not  long  pursue  his  trade,  for  there  was  no  demand  for  his  skill  in  that  line. 
He  was  a  natural  mechanic,  however,  and  soon  found  other  business.  During  the 
building  of  the  second  court  house,  in  1835,  he  made  the  doors  and  kept  the  tools 
of  the  stone  cutters  in  order.  He  subsequently  established  a  gun  shop,  the  first  of 
the  kind  in  the  village,  and  manufactured  a  very  excellent  rifle.  He  was  a  successful 
hunter  and  angler.  On  his  eighty-third  anniversary,  and  the  sixtieth  of  his  mar- 
riage, the  citizens  of  Wellsboro  made  him  a  formal  call  and  presented  him  and  his 
estimable  wife  with  a  handsome  Bible  as  a  token  of  respect.  Mr.  Lock  died  March 
14,  1874,  in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

Benjamin"  B.  Smith  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county.  He 
came  here  from  New  England  in  1819,  and  taught  in  the  Old  Academy  several 
years.  We  find  him  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  peace  in  Jtme,  1833,  which  oifiee  he 
filled  for  a  long  period.  In  1837  he  founded  the  Phoenix,  the  second  newspaper 
established  in  Wellsboro,  the  history  of  which  is  given  in  a  previous  chapter.    He 


664  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

continued  his  connection  with  the  Phoenix  until  1834,  when  he  sold  his  interest  ia 
the  plant.  From  1833  to  1836  he  filled  the  office  of  register  and  recorder,  was 
a  prominent  and  enterprising  man,  and  always  took  an  active  interest  in  pubhc 
afEairs.  Pinally  engaging  in  the  mercantile  business,  he  became  one  of  the  leading 
merchants  of  Wellsboro.  The  firm  of  B.  B.  Smith  &  Son,  which  existed  up  to  the 
beginning  of  the  war,  is  weE  remembered  by  the  people  of  the  county.  Mr.  Smith 
was  married  in  Wellsboro  to  Margaret  Christenot,  a  native  of  Switzerland.  They 
reared  a  family  of  eight  children,  named  as  follows:  Ellen,  deceased;  George 
Dwight,  who  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  South  Mountain;  Frances  A.,  wife  of 
Edward  Maynard,  of  Kansas;  Samuel  E.,  who  died  at  Paola,  Kansas,  June  9,  1896; 
Henry  B.,  a  merchant  of  Osawatomie,  Kansas;  Lydia  A.,  wife  of  Jeremiah  Wood, 
of  Tacoma,  Washington;  Charles  B.,  a  resident  of  Kansas,  and  Azubah  K.,  deceased 
vidfe  of  Bliss  Chapin,  of  Osawatomie.  Mr.  Smith  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life  in  Wellsboro,  dying  October  21,  1868,  in  his  seventy-eighth  year.  His  widow 
removed  to  Osawatomie,  Kansas,  where  she  died  some  years  later.  Both  are  kindly 
remembered  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

Geoegb  Dwight  Smith  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  July  36,  1825, 
a  son  of  Benjamin  B.  and  Margaret  Smith.  He  obtained  a  good  education,  and 
later  joined  his  father  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  B.  B.  Smith  &  Son.  When  the 
war  broke  out  he  became  active  in  support  of  the  government  and  assisted  in  raising 
Company  I,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  went  to  the  front  as  first  lieu- 
tenant of  that  company,  but  soon  after  was  appointed  assistant  adjutant  general  of 
the  Second  Brigade,  First  Division^  Ninth  Army  Corps.  Lieutenant  Smith  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain  September  14,  1862,  and  thus  ended  the 
promising  career  of  a  gallant  soldier  and  patriot.  On  February  7,  1855,  he  married 
Miss  ISr.  Azubah  Eobinson,  daughter  of  the  late  John  L.  Kobinson.  Mr.  Smith  was  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Wellsboro,  was  an  active  worker  in  that  body, 
and  was  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  when  he  went  to  the  front  in  defense 
of  the  flag.  He  was  an  upright,  progressive  and  enterprising  citizen,  and  always  did 
his  full  share  towards  the  social  and  material  development  of  his  native  county. 
His  widow  is  also  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  one  of  the  most  liberal 
contributors  towards  the  erection  of  the  new  church  building  in  Wellsboro.  She 
is  an  ardent  supporter  of  all  military  society  movements  that  have  for  their  object 
the  welfare  of  the  old  soldiers  or  their  families. 

The  ITiCHOLS  Family. — ^Archibald  Nichols  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1829,  from 
Chenango  county,  New  York,  whither  his  son,  Levi  I.,  had  preceded  him  the  year 
previous.  Enos,  another  son,  followed  them  in  1838.  The  father  was  a  stout,  heavy 
man,  while  Levi  was  the  reverse.  Enos  resembled  his  father  very  much  in  general 
appearance.  The  mother,  Mrs.  Betsey  Nichols,  was  a  fine  looking,  well  built 
woman,  domestic  and  home-loving  in  her  tastes  and  disposition  and  much  respected 
by  her  acquaintances.  There  was  one  daughter  in  the  family,  Mary  Elizabeth,  who 
was  the  youngest.  She  was  bom  in  March,  1816,  married  William  Baehe,  Jr.,  and 
died  January  23,  1845.  She  was  the  second  female  school  teacher  under  the  com- 
mon school  system.  Mr.  Nichols  and  his  son  Levi  bought  timber  lands  on  Pine 
creek  when  they  first  came  to  Wellsboro,  and  soon  after  property  in  the  village. 
They  also  bought  a  stock  of  goods  and  opened  a  general  store  on  the  east  comer 
of  Main  and  Grafton  streets.    The  building  in  which  their  store  was  kept  was  burned, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  QQ^ 


and  among  other  things  destroyed  was  the  old  Eamage  press  on  which  the  Phoenix 
newspaper  was  printed.  In  those  early  times  it  cost  something  "to  get  goods  into 
Wellsboro. .  Mr.  Nichols  used  to  haul  all  his  goods  from  Utica  by  wagon,  to  which 
place  they  had  been  brought  from  JSTew  York  City  by  steamboat  and  canal.  Of 
course  the  percentage  above  the  selling  price  along  the  line  of  the  Erie  canal  was 
considerable  and  the  people  of  Wellsboro  had  to  pay  a  high  price  for  their  store 
goods,  although  Mr.  Nichols'  prices  were  a  great  improTement  on  those  of  his  pre- 
decessors. Before  the  building  of  the  Erie  canal  all  mercantile  goods  were  brought 
in  wagons  from  Philadelphia  to  Williamsport  and  then  hauled  over  the  moun- 
tains to  Wellsboro  and  sold  at  enormous  prices.  When  the  Academy  was  built,  as 
high  as  twenty-five  cents  a  pound  was  paid  for  nails,  and  other  things  in  proportion, 
except  lumber. 

When  Archibald  Nichols  came  to  Wellsboro  he  was  only  forty-three  years  old 
and  his  son  Levi  twenty.  The  father  and  son  were  much  alike  in  one  respect.  They 
both  loved  amusement;  but  in  the  character  of  their  amusement  they  differed  very 
materially.  The  son  loved  music  and  was  a  natural  musician,  while  the  father 
loved  the  same  only  as  it  helped  one  to  keep  step  in  the  dance.  The  son  loved  the 
quiet,  still  hunt  in  the  forest  and  the  gentle  tread  along  the  trout  streams  near 
Wellsboro.  The  father  had  little  taste  in  that  direction.  In  a  word,  Archibald 
Nichols  was  a  very  genial  man,  a  pleasant  companion,  and  a  good  member  of  society. 
He  lived  in  Wellsboro  only  about  nine  years,  dying  in  November,  1838,  aged  nearly 
fifty-three.    His  wife  died  April  31,  1854,  in  her  sixtieth  year. 

Ends  Nichols,  the  youngest  son,  was  bom  May  18,  1814,  and  died  August  12, 
1844.  He  was  a  very  genial,  whole-souled  young  man,  full  of  mirth  and  frolic,  and 
had  he  lived  until  he  was  fifty-three,  as  his  father  did,  he  would  have  been  his  very 
counterpart.    When  he  died  he  had  a  host  of  friends  to  mourn  his  early  taking  off. 

Levi  I.  Nichols,  who  was  the  last  of  the  original  stock  in  the  march  to  the 
grave,  was  best  known  of  the  family,  and  was  in  all  respects  a  most  worthy  member 
of  society.  He  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Wellsboro  Academy, 
and  generally  while  on  the  board  its  secretary.  He  was  also  for  some  time  its 
treasurer.  He  was  on  the  common  school  board  nearly  all  the  time  from  its  organiza- 
tion, September  17,  1834,  until  about  1850,  acting  either  as  secretary  or  treasurer 
most  of  this  period.  Mr.  Nichols  was  appointed  justice  of  the  peace  June  9,  1836. 
In  March,  1850,  he  was  appointed  an  associate  judge  and  served  until  November, 
1851. 

Judge  Nichols  was  married  on  January  4,  1832,  to  Sarah  J.  Brown,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Brown,  of  Oxford,  Chenango  county.  New  York.  She  was  bom  at 
Northumberland,  Pennsylvania,  May  1,  1814,  while  her  parents  were  temporarily 
residing  at  that  place,  her  father  being  associated  with  Theodore  Burr,  the  famous 
bridge  builder  of  early  days,  in  the  erection  of  bridges  in  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania. At  the  time  of  their  marriage  there  was  but  one  carriage  in  the  Wells- 
boro region,  and  that  was  owned  by  William  Eberenz,  of  Delmar,  who  kindly  loaned 
it  to  Mr.  Nichols  to  fetch  his  bride  to  Wellsboro.  The  distance  was  about  150  miles 
and  it  took  the  young  couple  several  days  to  make  the  journey.  In  1833  they  com- 
menced housekeeping  in  a  modest  home  erected  by  Mr.  Nichols  on  the  lot  now  occu- 
pied by  the  residence  of  Judge  Williams.  Of  thirteen  children  bom  to  them,  seven 
are  living,  viz:  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Lamb,  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Williams,  Mrs.  B.  P.  Clayton, 


666  HiSTOBT  or  tiog4.  county. 


Mrs.  Walter  Sherwood,  Enos  G.,  Chester  and  Henry.  Judge  Nichols  died  in  Wells- 
boro,  November  15,  1868,  in  his  fifty-ninth  year.  His  wife  survived  until  May  7, 
189G,  dying  at  the  home  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Walter  Sherwood,  with  whom  she  had 
lived  for  the  past  ten  years.  Both  were  adherents  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
Mrs.  Nichols  was  a  kind,  charitable  and  benevolent  woman,  one  of  that  noble  band  of 
pioneers  to  whose  patience,  courage  and  industry  Tioga  county  largely  owes  its 
present  prosperity. 

Jonah  Bkewstee,  a  son  of  Nathan  Brewster,  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  and 
located  in  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1813,  where  he  became 
quite  prominent  in  political  affairs.  He  was  collector  of  taxes  at  Bridgewater,  and 
subsequently  clerk  and  commissioner  of  Susquehanna  county,  and  served  four  years 
in  the  House  and  four  years  in  the  Senate.  In  1839  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and 
embarked  in  merchandising  at  Tioga,  which  he  continued  until  1831,  when  he  was 
appointed  prothonotary  and  register  and  recorder  of  the  county.  Eemoving  to 
Wellsboro  he  filled  those  offices  for  six  years,  and  was  in  April,  1840,  appointed 
associate  judge,  which  office  he  filled  two  terms.  He  also  served  twice  as  a  Demo- 
cratic presidential  elector.  In  1838  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  township, 
upon  which  he  died  in  1858.  Judge  Brewster  was  married  five  times  and  reared  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  only  three  of  whom  survive,  viz:  George  A.,  of  Charleston 
township;  Alexander  S.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Jonas  S.,  a  resident  of  New  Orleans. 

Chestee  Kobinson  was  for  over  half  a  century  one  of  the  most  successful  and 
best  known  merchants,  lumbermen  and  bankers  of  northern  Pennsylvania.  Born 
in  Hartwick,  Otsego  county,  New  York,  August  14,  1807,  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Abiah 
Eobinson,  his  youth  was  passed  in  his  native  place,  where  he  assisted  his  father  in 
operating  a  tannery.  On  the  6th  of  January,  1830,  he  married  Lodoiska  Bowen,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1835  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  entered 
into  partnership  with  his  brother,  John  L.  Eobinson,  who  had  purchased  the  store 
of  Samuel  Dickinson  the  preceding  year.  With  the  passing,  years  the  firm  of  C.  & 
J.  L.  Eobinson  developed  and  enlarged  the  business,  and  carried  on  the  most  ex- 
tensive mercantile  trade  in  Tioga  county  up  to  1863,  when  they  gave  up  merchan- 
dising to  embark  in  banking.  Soon  after  their  settlement  in  Wellsboro  they  pur- 
chased timber  lands  on  Pine  creek  and  engaged  in  lumbering.  This  branch  of  the 
business  was  under  the  personal  supervision  of  Chester,  to  whose  keen  foresight, 
conservative  management  and  unremitting  industry  was  due  much  of  the  success 
attained.  They  continued  the  lumber  business  until  1862,  and  the  following  year 
abandoned  merchandising  and  began  the  preliminary  steps  which  resulted  in  the 
founding  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro  in  1864,  to  the  upbuilding  of 
which  institution  they  afterwards  devoted  their  entire  attention.  The  larger  part 
of  the  stock  was  taken  by  the  Eobinson  brothers,  who  continued  to  control  the  bank's 
policy  as  long  as  they  lived.  They  were  its  guiding  spirits,  to  whose  sound  judg- 
ment, strict  financial  integrity  and  watchful  care  was  principally  due  its  success. 
They  were  not  only  life-long  business  associates,  but  were  also  noted  for  their 
brotherly  affection  and  loyalty  toward  each  other.  This  sympathetic  relation,  of 
a  quality  above  that  usually  implied  by  the  fraternal  tie,  was  marked  by  the 
strongest  proofs  of  mutual  confidence,  and  continued  unbroken  throughout  the 
years  of  close  companionship  until  finally  severed  by  death.  About  1880  Chester 
retired  from  active  participation  in  business   affairs,  and  devoted   the  remaining 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  Q^'J 


years  of  his  life  to  the  enjoyment  of  his  home  and  ample  fortune,  though  he  was  a 
daily  visitor  at  the  bank  until  failing  health  confined  him  to  the  house.  Sur- 
roimded  by  every  comfort  that  wealth  could  give,  and  solaced  by  the  tender  care  and 
affection  of  his  children,  he  passed  the  autumn  of  his  life  in  quiet  peace  and 
happiness,  dying  on  the  31st  of  December,  1890,  at  the  ripe  age  of  over  eighty-three 
years. 

Mr.  Eobinson's  first  wife,  Lodoiska,  died  March  16,  1843,  leaving  two  children, 
George  Chester,  and  Juliet,  the  recently  deceafied  widow  of  the  late  M.  M. 
Converse,  of  Wellsboro.  The  son,  George  Chester,  was  born  in  Hartwiek,  New 
York,  August  9,  1833,  and  died  at  his  father^s  home  in  "Wellsboro,  September  31, 
1863,  while  entering  on  a  life  of  very  bright  promise.  He  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1856,  where  he  had  given  proof  of  marked  ability  in  composition  and 
oratory.  On  leaving  Yale  he  studied  in  the  'New  York  Theological  Seminary 
until  the  spring  of  1857",  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Brooklyn.  In  August,  1858,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Stevens,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Abel  Stevens,  a  prominent  Methodist  divine,  and  the  following  spring  became 
pastor  of  Union  Chapel,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  A  year  later  his  health,  frail  from 
boyhood,  failed,  and  he  went  to  Europe,  where  he  spent  two  years  in  travel  and 
judicious  study.  Eeturning  to  Cincinnati  in  June,  1863,  with  apparently  restored 
health,  he  resumed  his  pastoral  relations,  but  was  soon  again  prostrated  by  his  old 
malady,  consumption,  from  which  he  never  recovered.  Mr'.  Eobinson  was  en- 
dowed with  a  mental  organization  of  unusual  power  and  delicacy,  and  was  a  fine 
classical  scholar  and  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  best  literature  of  Europe  and 
America. 

On  the  20th  of  June,  1848,  Chester  Eobinson  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Barber, 
a  daughter  of  Eobert  Barber,  of  Columbia,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania.  She 
was  bom  in  Columbia,  March  5,  1816,  and  died  in  "Wellsboro  May  14,  1878,  leaving 
one  daughter,  Mary  Barber  Eobinson,  who  still  occupies  the  old  family  home.  Mrs. 
Eobinson  was  noted  for  her  nobility  of  heart  and  true  Christian  character.  In 
early  life  she  united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  was  ever  after  a 
faithful  and  helpful  member  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  religious  and  charitable  en- 
terprises. A  friend  to  the  poor,  no  one  applied  to  her  in  vain,  and  none  left  her 
without  substantial  assistance  and  encouragement.  As  a  wife  and  mother  she 
was  a  noble  example  of  those  womanly  virtues  which  won  her  the  love  and  respect 
of  the  community  in  which  her  entire  married  life  was  passed. 

Mr.  Eobinson  was  an  exceedingly  modest  man,  and  never  sought  or  cared  for 
public  office,  but  he  always  took  great  interest  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
"Wellsboro.  A  Eepublican  from  the  organization  of  that  party,  he  ever  manifested 
a  deep  interest  in  its  principles  and  success,  and  was  quite  active  in  local  politics. 
He  possessed  a  kindly  heart,  a  genial,  companionable  temperament,  and  many  other 
estimable  qualities  as  a  citizen  and  neighbor.  His  venerable  head,  whitened  by 
the  snows  of  eighty-three  winters,  was  laid  low  on  the  last  day  of  the  old  year.  So 
closed  a  long  and  prosperous  career,  marked  by  the  strictest  integrity  and  highest 
business  honor. 

John  L.  Eobinson,  for  nearly  sixty  years  one  of  the  prominent  and  enterpris- 
ing citizens  of  Tioga  county,  was  born  at  Hartwick,  Otsego  county,  ISTew  York, 
January  6,  1813,  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Abiah  Eobinson,  pioneers  of  that  place.     He 


668  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

obtained  a  good  conmion  school  education  and  early  developed  those  habits  of 
imtiring  industry  upon  -which  his  subsequent  successful  business  career  was  built 
up  to  its  full  fruition.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  clerking  in  one  of  the 
leading  stores  in  Otego,  Xew  York,  which  vocation  he  continued  for  a  few  years 
and  then  opened  a  store  at  NinevaJi,  New  York,  where  he  carried  on  business  up 
to  his  majority.  Having  in  the  meantime  accumulated  a  small  capital,  he  came 
to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1834,  purchased  the  store  of  Samuel 
Dickinson,  and  embarked  in  general  merchandising.  At  that  time  the  village  con- 
tained only  about  500  inhabitants,  while  the  surroimding  country  was  very  sparsely 
settled  and  just  emerging  from  its  primitive  conditions.  In  the  spring  of  1835 
his  brother,  Chester,  joined  him,  and  the  firm  of  C.  &  J.  L.  Eobinson  came  into 
existence.  They  soon  began  to  realize  the  importance  of  the  lumber  interest,  and 
securing  timber  lands  engaged  in  lumbering.  John  L.  attended  to  the  financial 
part  of  the  business,  while  Chester  gave  his  personal  supervision  to  the  outside  oper- 
ations. With  characteristic  energy  they  continued  developing  this  great  industry, 
in  connection  with  the  mercantile  business,  until  they  became  widely  known  as  one 
of  the  most  substantial  and  reliable  firms  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

Eetiring  from  the  lumber  business  in  1862,  they  continued  merchandising  for 
a  period,  but  also  turned  their  attention  to  the  establishment  and  up-building  of 
other  enterprises.  In  May,  1864,  John  L.  became  the  moving  spirit  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  First  l^Tational  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  and  his  financial  solidity  and 
prominence  were  subsequently  recognized  by  his  election  as  the  second  president  of 
that  institution,  a  position  he  filled  continuously  for  twenty-eight  years.  After 
the  bank  was  founded  he  took  full  charge  and  acted  as  cashier  for  a  period,  until  the 
business  was  in  proper  running  order.  Under  his  energetic,  careful  and  judicious 
guidance  the  First  National  grew  in  strength  and  popularity  and  won  a  high  place 
among  the  solid  financial  institutions  of  the  State.  Mr.  Eobinson  was  a  man  of 
commendable  public  spirit  and  gave  his  support  to  every  movement  which  he 
believed  would  advance  the  general  welfare  of  the  community.  His  conscientious 
devotion  to  duty,  his  sterling  integrity,  his  high  standing  in  business  circles  and  his 
generous  support  of  the  church,  won  for  him  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all 


In  religion,  Mr.  Eobinson  was  a  member  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  from  its  organization  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  and  organizers  of  that  congregation,  and  for  more  than  half  a  century 
a  vestryman  and  senior  warden.  Josiah  Emery,  in  his  "EecoUections  of  Early 
Life  in  Wellsboro,"  written  in  1879,  says:  "John  L.  Eobinson  was  the  most  efiadent 
citizen  in  procuring  the  erection  of  the  first  church  ever  built  in  Wellsboro,  St. 
Paul's  church,  now  standing.  In  the  building  of  the  church  and  the  building 
and  re-building  of  the  rectory,  no  man  has,  I  think,  paid  on  the  whole  as  much  as 
Mr.  Eobinson."  In  early  manhood  he  was  a  Democrat,  later  became  a  Whig,  and 
on  the  formation  of  the  Eepublican  party  he  united  with  that  organization  and 
continued  one  of  its  most  loyal  supporters  to  the  close  of  his  life.  He  served  as 
treasurer  of  Tioga  county  in  1844-45,  but  he  cared  little  for  public  office,  pre- 
ferring to  devote  his  energies  and  talents  to  the  development  of  his  adopted  home 
and  thus  assist  in  the  social  and  material  prosperity  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Eobinson  was  married  in  1832,  to  Miss  Azubai.  Bowen,  a  daughter  of 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  ggg 

Hezekiah  Bowen,  of  Hajtwick,  ISTew  York,  to  which  union  were  born  seven  children, 
four  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  J.  Fred,  who'  died  April  28,  1885, 
aged  fifty-one  years;  N.  Azubah,  widow  of  Lieut.  George  Dwight  Smith,  killed  at 
the  battle  of  South  Mountain;  Eugene  H.,  who  served  as  cashier  of  the  First 
National  Bank  for  several  years  and  died  September  35, 1876,  and  Jesse  M.,  president 
of  that  institution  from  January,  1893,  up  to  his  death,  August  6,  1896.  Mrs. 
Robinson  was  a  zealous  Episcopalian  from  the  organization  of  St.  Paul's  church,  with 
which  she  united  at  that  time,  and  died  June  20, 1888.  Five  years  later,  on  January 
11,  1893,  her  husband  died,  and  was  borne  to  the  grave  in  Wellsboro  Cemetery, 
where  a  substantial  granite  monument  marks  their  last  resting  place. 

Jesse  Moese  Eobinson,  late  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wells- 
boro, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  that  borough  May  17,  1853,  and  died 
August  6, 1896,  having  spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  town.  He  was  the  youngest 
son  of  John  L.  Eobinson,  inherited  many  of  the  strongest  traits  in  his  father's 
character,  and  early  developed  an  aptitude  for  business  affairs  not  often  found  in 
so  young  a  man.  Educated  in  the  Wellsboro  High  School,  the  Wesleyan  Seminary 
and  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  College,  of  New  York  City,  he  began  clerking 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  in  the  general  store  of  C.  &  J.  L.  Robinson,  and  later  entered 
a  bookstore  controlled  by  the  same  firm.  In  1872  he  became  book-keeper  in  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  and  after  the  death  of  his  brother,  Eugene  H., 
in  September,  1876,  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  cashier.  This  office 
he  held  until  the  death  of  his  father  in  January,  1893,  when  he  was  elected 
president  of  that  institution.  During  the  latter  years  of  his  father's  life  much  of 
the  responsibility  in  the  general  management  of  the  bank  devolved  upon  him,  and 
upon  his  accession  to  the  office  of  president  he  found  very  few  duties  with  which 
he  was  not  already  familiar.  In  general  business  affairs  he  kept  pace  with  the 
times,  and  conducted  the  business  under  his  charge  with  more  than  ordinary 
breadth  and  liberality.  While  recognized  as  a  careful  and  conservative  investor, 
he  never  hesitated  to  follow  his  own  Judgment  when  once  formed,  and  his  timely 
assistajQce  was  appreciated  by  many  a  business  man  of  Tioga  county  weighed  down 
by  financial  troubles.  Under  the  most  trying  circumstances  he  was  cool  and 
firm  and  it  was  seldom  that  he  failed  to  untangle  the  most  difficult  financial  matters. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  married  October  15,  1873,  to  Ella  Crowl,  of  Wellsboro,  who 
died  February  2,  1884,  leaving  two  sons,  Eugene  H.,  and  Frank  C.  On  April  25, 
1887,  he  was  again  united  in  marriage,  with  Hattie  M.  Willis,  eldest  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Caroline  D.  Willis,  of  Wellsboro,  to  which  union  were  born  two  children, 
Dorothy  and  Jesse  Morse.  The  widow  and  four  children  reside  in  Wellsboro. 
Mr.  Robinson  was  a  generous  man  and  gave  liberally  of  his  means  to  charitable  ob- 
jects and  business  enterprises,  besides  giving  his  time  and  services  as  a  director 
in  many  business  undertakings.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  he  came  into  the 
possession  of  a  large  estate,  but  this  did  not  change  his  character.  He  was  still  the 
same  plain,  kind,  modest  and  unobtrusive  man  as  before.  His  daily  life  was  pure, 
his  conversation  always  chaste,  and  his  inherent  charity  never  permitted  him  to 
criticise  his  neighbor.  In  his  home  he  was  the  ever  kind,  indulgent  husband  and 
loving  father,  while  even  the  domestic  pets  of  the  family  knew  and  welcomed  him 
as  their  friend. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Robinson  was  a  strong  Republican,  always  took  a  deep  interest 


670  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

in  the  success  of  his  party,  and  served  as  treasurer  of  Wellsboro  for  about  ten  years 
preceding  his  death,  and  also  filled  the  same  office  in  the  school  board.  He  was. 
a  stockholder  and  director  in  the  Wellsboro  Water  Company  and  a  charter  member 
of  Alert  Hose  Company.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  and  I.  0. 
0.  F.  societies,  and  a  Knight  Templar  in  Tyagaghton  Commandery.  In  religion, 
he  was  a  life-long  adherent  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  Wellsboro, 
and  one  of  the  largest  contributors  to  its  support,  as  well  as  to  the  building  fund 
of  the  new  church  edifice  now  in  course  of  erection.  The  vestry  of  St.  Paul's 
church  adopted  appropriate  resolutions  on  his  death,  from  which  we  copy  the 
following  tribute: 

The  death  of  Mr.  Robinson  has  brought  a  deep  sense  of  loss  to  a  large  circle  of 
friends  in  Wellsboro  and  beyond,  but  especially  to  the  parish  to  which  he  belonged  and 
the  vestry  of  which  he  was  the  efBcient  treasurer.  We  revere  his  memory  for  the  interest 
he  took  in  the  welfare  of  the  parish;  for  the  careful  attention  he  gave  to  the  duties  that 
devolved  upon  him  as  vestryman  and  treasurer;  for  his  valuable  advice  and  wise 
counsel;  for  the  courtesy,  cordiality  and  enthusiasm  which  he  brought  to  bear  upon 
every  cause  that  he  espoused,  and  for  the  upright  character  and  unsullied  name  that  he 
bore  through  life.  We  shall  hold  in  grateful  remembrance  the  financial  aid  which  he 
gave  to  the  parish  and  his  bountiful  contribution  to  the  new  church.  We  shall  look  back 
upon  him  as  a  Christian  gentleman,  an  efficient  parish  officer,  a  trusted  friend  and 
brother,  whose  death  we  shall  always  mourn  and  whose  memory  we  shall  ever  hold  in 
affectionate  esteem. 

John  W.  Bailey  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  27,  1834,  eldest  son  of  Eoswell  and  Julia  A.  (Kockwell)  Bailey,  pioneers 
of  this  county.  His  boyhood  days  were  spent  on  his  father's  farm  and  his  primary 
education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  the  district.  But  sixteen  years 
old  when  his  father  died,  he  succeeded  him  in  charge  of  the  old  homestead.  In 
later  years  he  purchased  about  600  acres  of  land  and  engaged  in  cattle  dealing, 
probably  buying  and  shipping  more  stock  than  any  other  man  in  the  northern 
tier  during  that  period.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  soon  became 
one  of  the  prominent  and  enterprising  citizens.  He  dealt  extensively  in  agricul- 
tural implements  and  lumber  for  twenty  years,  and  always  gave  the  most  liberal 
credits  to  his  patrons.  Mr.  Bailey  was  a  member  of  the  firm  that  established  "the 
tannery  at  Stokesdale,  and  was  an  active  agent  in  the  building  of  the  Corning,  Cow- 
anesque  and  Antrim,  and  the  Pine  Creek  railroads,  being  a  director  of  the  latter 
company.  He  was  also  a  director  in  the  United  States  Grlass  Company,  and  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  in  which  institution  he 
was  an  honored  and  trusted  director  until  his  death.  Always  ready  and  willing  to 
take  a  leading  part  in  every  public  enterprise  which  he  believed  would  promote 
the  interests  of  Wellsboro,  and  ever  on  the  alert  to  encourage  any  project  that  might 
add  to  the  general  welfare  of  his  native  county,  Mr.  Bailey  won  the  admiration, 
respect  and  confidence  of  the  whole  people.  He  was  eminently  adapted  to  com- 
mand the  co-operation  and  support  of  Ms  fellowmen,  as  he  always  went  into  what- 
ever he  undertook  with  earnestness,  enthusiasm  and  confidence,  thus  inspiring 
others  with  his  own  sentiments.  Possessing  imbounded  public  spirit,  whole-souled 
generosity  and  broad  charity,  he  never  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  cry  of  suffering  or 
distress.  A  warm,  consistent  friend  of  the  working  classes,  he  was  honored  and 
trusted  by  them  to  the  close  of  his  life.     While  accumulating  a  large  estate,  he 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  g71 

gave  liberally  to  religion,  charity  ajid  education,  and  was  one  of  the  most  generous 
citizens  of  AVellsboro  throughout  his  long  and  active  business  career.  Mr.  Bailey 
wielded  a  wide  influence  in  tlie  local  councils  of  the  Democratic  pai-ty,  and  was  a 
stalwart  in  his  fealty  to  its  principles  and  candidates.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
county  committee  a  number  of  years,  represented  the  county  in  several  state  con- 
ventions, and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  at  Chicago  in  1892.  He 
served  in  the  borough  council  several'  terms,  ajid  also  filled  the  ofEees  of  burgess  and 
school  director,  always  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  gro^^^th  of  the  public  school 
system. 

On  Christmas  Day,  1843,  Mr.  Bailey  married  Margaret  L.  Lewis,  a  daughter 
of  Thomas  Lewis,  of  Charleston  township.  She  was  born  October  17,  1827,  and 
died  November  19,  1883,  after  a  happy  companionship  of  nearly  forty  years.  They 
became  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  ten,  of  whom  grew  to  an  adult  age,  as 
follows:  Eva  A.,  wife  of  Dr.  M.  L.  Bacon,  of  Wellsboro;  Edward,  deceased; 
Llewellyn  L.,  of  Wellsboro;  Ada  B.,  deceased  wife  of  Louis  Doumaux;  Morton  S., 
a  resident  of  Colorado;  Lloyd  J.,  of  California;  Leon  0.,  who  lives  in  Indiana;  Lee 
M.,  deceased;  Fred  W.,  a  resident  of  Denver,  and  Mildred  L.  On.  ISTovember  28, 
1889,  Mr.  Bailey  maxried  Mrs.  Julia  McClelland,  a  daughter  of  Michael  Dunlde,  of 
Jersey  Shore,  who  yet  survives.  He  died  July  12,  1892,  soon  after  his  return  from 
the  Democratic  National  Convention,  and  was  buried  with  Masonic  honors,  as  he 
was  a  member  of  0.ssea  Lodge,  JSTo.  317,  F.  &  A.  M.  The  whole  community 
sincerely  mourned  the  death  of  one  whose  place  could  not  be  easily  filled — a 
man  whose  warm,  friendly  greeting  and  substantial  assistance  brought  sunshine 
into  many  a  weary  ajid  discouraged  heart.  On  the  day  of  his  funeral  the  stores 
and  shops  in  "Wellsboro  were  closed  and  a  large  delegation  of  workingmen  marched 
in  the  funeral  procession  as  a  mark  of  respect  to  his  memory. 

Llewellyn  L.  Bailey  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  January 
30, 1849,  a  son  of  John  W.  Bailey,  and  grandson  of  Eoswell  Bailey.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  Mansfield  State  Normal;  and  when  seventeen  years  of 
age  entered  a  drug  store  in  Blossburg,  where  he  clerked  three  years.  He  then  came 
to  Wellsboro  and  worked  for  his  father  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
established  a  feed  and  supply  store  at  Antrim.  Two  years  later  he  sold  out  and 
entered  the  First  National  Bank  of  "Wellsboro  as  book-keeper,  which  position  he 
filled  from  1873  to  1882.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a  director  and  served  until  July, 
1896.  He  was  made"  assistant  cashier  in  1882  and  acted  as  such  until  January  1, 
1893,  when  he  became  cashier,  and  occupied  that  position  until  October,  1894,  when 
he  resigned  to  talce  charge  of  the  estate  of  Philip  "Williams.  In  January,  1897, 
he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  "Wellsboro ugh  National  Bank.  Mr.  Bailey  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  C.  Hill,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  H.  F.  Hill,  of  Lindley,  New  York.  Seven 
children  blessed  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Mabel  E.,  deceased;  Arthur  L., 
book-keeper  for  Mathers,  Graves  &  Company;  Harry  F;,  Margaret  L.,  John  "W.,  Edith 
A.  and  Catherine  E.  Mrs.  Bailey  died  June  11,  1888,  aad  he  was  again  married  to 
Carrie  J.  Hastings,  a  daughter  of  E.  H.  Hastings,  of  "Wellsboro.  The  family  are 
adherents  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Democrat.  He 
has  filled  the  offices  of  school  director  and  councilman  for  two  terms  each,  and  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressive  citizens  of  his  native  county. 

Hon.  Morton  S.  Bailey  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  July 


g72  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

3, 1855,  a  son  of  John  W.  Bailey,  and  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm.  Eemoving 
to  Wellsboro  with  his  parents  in  1870,  he  attended  the  Wellsboro  High  School  and 
later  followed  teaching  for  a  short  period.  He  graduated  at  Lafayette  College, 
Easton,  Pennsylvania,  in  1880,  and  soon  after  went  to  Colorado,  where  he  began  at 
once  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  August,  1882.  He  soon 
developed  into  political  prominence  and  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  by  the 
Democratic  party  in  a  district  at  that  time  largely  Kepublican.  After  serving 
one  session,  he  was  elected  in  the  autiunn  of  1891,  judge  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
district  and  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate  to  go  upon  the  bench.  Judge  Bailey 
was  re-elected  in  1894,  as  the  candidate  of  the  Democrats  and  Populists. 
The  Eleventh  district  had  heretofore  been  Eepublican,  and  his  election  twice  in 
succession  was  a  high  tribute  to  his  worth  and  popularity.  Judge  Bailey  is  recog- 
nized in  his  State  as  a  lawyer  of  solid  legal  attainments  and  unquestioned  integrity, 
and  he  has  won  a  high  reputation  for  the  impartiality  and  fairness  of  his  decisions. 
In  the  fall  of  1896  he  was  the  Democratic  nominee  for  governor  of  Colorado,  but 
failed  of  election. 

Leon  0.  Bailey  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  June  21, 1857, 
and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Wellsboro  and  at  Cornell  University.  He 
later  removed  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  where  he  studied  law  in  the  of&ce  of  Baker, 
Hord  &  Hendricks,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Marion  county  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  as  a  Democrat,  and 
served  one  term  as  assistant  to  the  attorney  general  of  Indiana.  He  was  sub- 
sequently the  Democratic  nominee  for  Congress  in  that  district,  and  also  served 
as  city  solicitor  of  Indianapolis,  in  which  city  he  still  resides. 

Julius  M.  Bailey,  second  son  of  Clark  W.  Bailey,  was  born  in  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  March  30,  1835,  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and 
has  followed  agriculture  the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  He  also  operated  for  a  time 
a  saw  and  grist-mill  in  his  native  township.  On  February  11,  1856,  he  married 
Eunice  Benedict,  a  daughter  of  Marcus  and  Lucy  (Jennings)  Benedict,  of  Charleston 
township,  to  which  union  have  been  born  five  children,  viz:  Eansom  W.,  Alice  E., 
deceased  wife  of  Garrett  Campbell;  Flora  A.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Lucy  B.,  wife  of 
Frank  Eockwell,  and  Lora  V.,  wife  of  Peter  L.  Abrams.  In  January,  1893,  Mr. 
Bailey  and  his  son,  Eansom  W.,  purchased  their  present  business  in  Wellsboro,  and 
in  April,  1894,  he  removed  his  family  to  that  borough,  where  he  has  since  carried 
on  the  wagon,  farm  implement  and  harness  business. 

Eansom  W.  Bailey,  eldest  child  of  Julius  M.  Bailey,  was  bom  in  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  October  24,  1857,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  the  State  ISTormal  School  of  Mansfield.  He  afterwards  taught 
school  for  two  years,  and  for  the  following  three  years  worked  on  his  father's  farm, 
and  then  purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  upon  which  he  lived  seven 
years.  Forming  a  partnership  with  his  uncle,  Clark  B.  Bailey,  he  went  to 
Elkland  and  engaged  in  the  foundry  and  agricultural  implement  business,  which 
he  followed  three  years.  On  January  1,  1893,  he  and  his  father  purchased  their 
present  business  in  Wellsboro,  where  they  have  since  been  engaged  as  dealers  in 
wagons,  farm  implements,  harness,  etc.  Mr.  Bailey  was  married  June  33,  1879,  to 
Lena  Partridge,  a  daughter  of  Chester  and  Eachel  Partridge,  of  Charleston  town- 
ship, and  has  four  children,  viz:    Edith  M.,  Eunice,  Julius  and  Catherine.     The 


''^.y" 


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BIOGEAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  673 

family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Mr.  Bailey  is  connected 
with  the  Knights  of  Honor. 

Ellis  M.  Bodine  was  born  in  Jersey  Shore,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania, 
January  3,  1801,  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Catherine  (Casper)  Bodine.  His  father  came 
from  New  Jersey  with  the  Mannings  in  the  last  decade  of  the  Eighteenth  century, 
and  settled  in  Jersey  Shore,  Lycoming  coimty,  where  both  he  and  wife  died.  Ellis 
M.  was  the  third  in  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
town,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools  in  boyhood,  and  learned  the  tanner's  trade 
with  Abram  Lawshe,  of  that  place.  In  1837  he  married  Margaret  Shearer,  a  daugh- 
,  ter  of  James  Shearer,  an  early  settler  of  Lycoming  county,  and  in  1838  came  to 
Wellsboro  and  purchased  the  Joseph  Fish  tannery.  He  conducted  this  business 
until  1846,  when  he  erected  a  larger  building,  in  which  he  carried  on  the  business 
up  to  1848,  when  the  plant  was  burned.  He  then  became  a  fanner,  and  followed 
agriculture  until  five  years  before  his  death,  when  he  sold  the  farm  to  his  son, 
Abram  L.,  and  retired  from  active  labor.  Nine  children  were  bom  of  his  marriage 
with  Margaret  Shearer,  as  follows:  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Dr.  H.  S.  Greeno,  of  Kansas 
City,  Mo.;  Isaac  M.  and  Abram  L.,  residents  of  "Wellsboro;  Ellis  B.,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  fifty-six;  Ellen  A.,  widow  of  Eev.  M.  F.  DeWitt;  Catherine  A.,  wife  of 
John  W.  "Wright,  of  "Washington,  D.  C;  Lewis  T.,  a  resident  of  Chicago;  Eobert  W., 
of  "Wellsboro,  and  Margaret  A.,  wife  of  Charles  M.  Moore,  of  "Williamsport.  Mrs. 
Bodine  died  February  3,  1845,  in  her  thirty-third  year,  having  been  born  March  3, 
1813.  Mr.  Bodine  was  again  married,  to  Aurilla  H.  Coolidge,  a  daughter  of  Amos 
Coolidge,  who  bore  him  two  children:  Henry  F.,  of  Billings,  Montana,  and  Ida, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  Bodine  died  in  "Wellsboro,  August  14, 
1889,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  His  widow  resides  with  Abram  L. 
Bodine,  of  Wellsboro,  and  is  in  her  eightieth  year.  Mr.  Bodine  was  active  in  the 
cause  of  education,  and  the  part  he  took  in  organizing  the  first  common  schools  in 
the  borough  will  be  found  related  in  the  chapter  on  the  schools  of  "Wellsboro.  He 
was  also  foremost  in  promoting  the  interests  of  his  adopted  home,  and  lived  long 
enough  to  see  it  become  a  thrifty  and  prosperous  town. 

Isaac  M.  Bodine,  a  son  of  Ellis  M.  and  Margaret  (Shearer)  Bodine,  was  born 
in  "Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  February  4,  1830,  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  borough.  From  1848  to  1850  he  clerked  in  the  store  of  C.  &  J.  L. 
Eobinson,  and  during  the  years  1850  and  1851  he  traveled  through  the  South.  Upon 
his  return  to  "Wellsboro  he  accepted  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  mines  at 
Blossburg,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  company  store  and  also  acted  as  paymaster  for 
eight  years.  In  1860  he  returned  to  "Wellsboro  and  built  the  saw-mill  on  Queen 
street,  now  operated  by  S.  A.  Hiltbold.  The  same  year  he  also  purchased  the 
farm  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  borough  upon  which  he  now  lives,  and  during 
recent  years  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  Mr.  Bodine  was  married 
September  9,  1863,  to  Mary  E.  Stowell,  a  daughter  of  Hezekiah  and  Anna  Stowell, 
and  has  two  children,  viz:  Anna,  wife  of  Clarence  E.  Shumway,  of  Coming,  and 
Mayne  C,  and  employe  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  in  the  same  city.  Mrs. 
Bodine  died  January  26,  1876,  aged  thirty-five  years.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bodine  was 
an  old  line  "Whig  until  the  organization  of  the  Eepublican  party,  with  which  he 
has  since  affiliated.    In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

48 


674  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

He  has  served  a  number  of  years  as  deputy  sheriff,  fifteen  years  as  a  Justice  of  the 
peace,  and  has  filled  various  borough  offices. 

Abeam  L.  Bodine  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  October  9, 1833,  and  is 
the  second  son  of  Ellis  M.  and  Margaret  Bodine.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  town,  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  began  clerking  in  a  general 
store  at  Blossburg,  where  he  later  engaged  in  merchandising,  which  he  followed 
about  thirteen  years.  He  was  also  in  the  hotel  biisiness  at  Blossburg  and  Morris 
for  a  period.  In  1883  he  purchased  the  homestead  farm  from  his  father,  and  two 
years  later  sold  it  and  bought  his  present  one  in  Delmar,  now  occupied  by  his  son, 
William  T.,  and  finally  took  up  his  residence  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  now  lives.  Mr. 
Bodine  was  married  February  3, 1855,  to  Julia  A.  Tillotson,  a  daughter  of  Napoleon 
B.  Tillotson,  of  Delaware  county,  New  York,  bom  February  3,  1839.  Five  children 
are  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Ada  M.,  William  T.,  Frederick  M.,  Catherine  J.  and 
Henry  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bodine  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  poli- 
tics, he  is  independent,  and  is  connected  with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

William  T.  Bodine,  eldest  son  of  Abram  L.  Bodine,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  August  15,  1861,  and  obtained  a  public  school  education.  He  has 
devoted  his  entire  attention  to  farming,  and  has  charge  of  his  father's  farm  in 
Delmar.  On  January  4,  1882,  he  married  Ettie  G.  Wilkins,  a  daughter  of  Alva 
Wilkins,  of  Morris,  and  has  three  children:  Alfred  W.,  Josephine  M.  and  Julia  C. 
Mr.  Bodine  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  enter- 
prising farmers  of  Delmar. 

Feed.  M.  Bodine,  D.  D.  S.,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  September 
33,  1867,  a  son  of  Abram  L.  Bodine,  and  grandson  of  Ellis  M.  Bodine.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  graduated  in  dentistry  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  spring  of  1892.  He  opened  an  office  in  Wells- 
boro, in  June,  1892,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  and  has  built  up  a  good  practice.  Dr.  Bodine  was  married  on  August 
33,  1893,  to  Adelaide  Shaw,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  A.  C.  Shaw,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Philadelphia  Chapter  of  the  dental  fraternity.  Delta  Sigma  Delta,  and 
Edwin  T.  Darby  Dental  Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Eeastus  P:  Deane,  a  native  of  Petersham,  Massachusetts,  bom  November  26, 
1809,  was  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Jerusha  (Houghton)  Deane.  His  father  was  bom  in 
Petersham,  in  1771,  a  son  of  Jeremiah  Deane,  a  native  of  Dedham,  Massachusetts, 
and  spent  about  eighty  years  of  his  life  on  a  farm  in  his  native  State.  He  died  at 
the  home  of  his  son,  Erastus  P.,  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  October  10, 
1866,  aged  ninety-five  years.  Erastus  P.  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  received  an 
academic  education,  devoting  particular  attention  to  the  acquisition  of  the  knowl- 
edge of  surveying,  a  business  he  followed  throughout  his  whole  life.  In  a  letter 
written  to  a  friend  in  1879,  Mr.  Deane  tells  how  he  came  to  settle  in  Tioga  county. 
He  says: 

I  came  to  Wellsboro  April  25,  1S34,  very  much  broken  in  health.  I  left  Petersham, 
Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  with  the  design  of  spending  the  summer  somewhere 
among  the  Allegheny  hills,  and  fetched  up  at  Wellsboro.    As  my  health  was  somewhat 


BI06KAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  675 


improved,  I  agreed  to  take  charge  of  the  Academy  three  months,  designing  at  that  time 
to  go  south  in  the  early  autumn.  The  three  months'  engagement  having  expired,  and  no 
teacher  having  been  employed,  I  agreed  to  continue  the  school  a  month  and  a  half 
longer.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time — October  13,  1834 — I  was  so  much  mended  up  that 
I  went  into  the  woods  with  my  compass,  where  1  have  been  most  of  the  time  since. 

He  had  received  a  fine  education,  which  not  only  qualified  him  for  teaching, 
but  surveying  also.  He  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar,  and  June  39,  1837,  he  mar- 
ried Mary  E.  McEwen,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  eldest  daughter  of  John  MeEwen, 
also  of  Delmar  township.  He  went  to  work  with  a  will  and  cleared  a  fine  farm 
which  he  took  great  pleasure  in  cultivating,  as  his  tastes  ran  largely  to  agriculture. 
His  profession  of  land  surveying  led  him  into  all  the  counties  of  northern  and 
central  Pennsylvania,  and  he  acquired  much  knowledge  regarding  the  location  of 
surveys.  One  of  his  great  natural  gifts  was  his  wonderfully  retentive  memory.  It 
was  in  fact  phenomenal,  and  was  of  invaluable  service  to  him  in  his  profession. 
His  ability  to  recall  dates  and  data,  and  to  identify  marks  and  localities  in  the 
woods,  was  remarkable;  and  then  to  make  it  doubly  sure,  his  correctness  was  found 
to  be  so  absolutely  true,  that  no  doubt  was  entertained  when,  his  statement  was 
heard.  Mr.  Deane  lived  on  his  farm  in  Delmar  until  1874,  when  he  moved  his 
family  into  Wellsboro,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  September  22,  1881,  which 
was  caused  by  injuries  sustained  by  falling  into  a  railroad  culvert  at  Coming,  N"ew 
York,  while  on  his  way  to  Williamsport  to  attend  court.  His  wife  died  April  30, 
1879.  When  he  came  into  the  county  his  health  was  poor,  but  constajit  exercise  in 
the  pure  mountain  air,  and  on  his  farm,  made  him  strong  and  vigorous.  He  was 
inclined  to  be  reticent,  and  was  somewhat  retiring  in  his  disposition,  but  he  was  pos- 
sessed of  extensive  knowledge  and  his  character  was  above  reproach.  He  was 
appointed  county  surveyor  in  1836  and  served  three  years  in  that  office.  Mr.  Deane 
and  wife  were  the  parents  of  the  following  named  children:  C.  Augusta,  wife  of 
Henry  Bacon,  of  Havanna,  South  Dakota;  Darius  L.,  of  Wellsboro;  Daniel  A., 
deceased;  Cecil  A.,  a  civil  engineer  of  Denver,  Colorado;  Luella  I.,  Caroline  A., 
and  Mary  E.,  deceased  wife  of  A.  S.  Cooper,  of  Black  Eiver  Falls,  Wisconsin. 

David  Stuerock,  one  of  the  early  and  sturdy  citizens  of  Wellsboro,  was  born 
in  Forfarshire,  Scotland,  March  7,  1809.  He  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  and 
joiner  in  his  native  country.  When  out  of  his  apprenticeship  he  married  Jane 
Sands,  who  was  born  in  Scotland,  August  25,  1811.  She  bore  him  eight  children, 
as  follows:  A.  G.,  a  carpenter  and  builder  of  Wellsboro;  Eobert  W.,  who  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Fifth  Eeserve,  was  promoted  to  captain,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Gaines'  Mills,  June  27, 1862,  being  then  in  his  twenty-sixth  year;  Margaret,  widow  of 
William  Eoberts,  of  Wellsboro;  Jane,  a  resident  of  Port  Townsend,  Washington; 
Barbara,  wife  of  Darius  L.  Deane,  of  Wellsboro;  William  D.,  who  enlisted  February 
24,  1864,  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, and  who  died  at  David's  Island  Hospital,  New  York,  August  20,  1864;  Mary, 
deceased  wife  of  W.  J.  Bowers,  of  Horseheads,  New  York,  and  George  A.,  a  resident 
of  Port  Tovmsend,  Washington.  In  1833  Mr.  Sturrock  came  to  America  and  in  1834 
located  in  Wellsboro.  He  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  practical  builders  of 
his  time,  and  was  respected  for  his  honesty  and  integrity.  Mrs.  Sturrock  died 
August  20,  1881,  and  he  survived  her  until  October  31,  1888. 


676  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Salmok  Shehwood  was  born  in  Fairfield  county,  Connecticut,  within  the 
limits  of  the  present  city  of  Bridgeport,  where  his  ancestors  had  lived  continu- 
ously since  1645.  Thomas  Sherwood,  founder  of  the  family  in  America,  was  an 
Englishman  who  sailed  from  Ipswich,  England,  in  1634,  landing  at  Plymouth  the 
same  year,  whence  he  removed  to  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  in  1645,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  Salmon  was  of  the  sixth  generation  from  Thomas  Sherwood.  He 
was  a  man  of  fair  education,  a  surveyor,  school  teacher  and  farmer,  and  served  in 
a  Virginia  regiment,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  under  Generals  St.  Clair  and 
Wayne  during  the  campaigns  against  the  Indian  tribes  of  Ohio.  After  the  cam- 
paign of  1793,  he  was  employed  by  the  proprietors  of  the  lajids  about  the  Boone 
settlement  in  Kentucky  as  a  surveyor.  While  there  he  married  a  Miss  Stanley, 
who  was  massacred  by  the  Indians.  They  had  one  son,  Stephen,  who  escaped.  After 
a  residence  in  Kentucky  of  some  four  years,  he  returned  to  Connecticut  on  horse- 
back, bringing  his  young  son,  then  three  years  old,  with  him.  On  his  way  from  the 
Susquehanna  valley  to  the  lake  country  in  New  York,  he  passed  through  Tioga 
county,  over  the  Williamson  road.  His  son,  Stephen,  was  killed  or  died  in  the  naval 
service  during  the  War  of  1812.  Salmon  Sherwood  was  again  married  in  1797,  to 
Phoebe  Burritt,  and  by  this  marriage  reared  a  family  of  nine  sons  and  two  daughters. 
Farming  and  surveying  were  his  principal  occupations.  He  served  several  terms 
in  the  legislature  and  Senate  of  Connecticut,  and  was  a  captain  in  the  War  of  1812. 
The  wants  of  a  growing  family  induced  him  to  seek  a  new  country  where  land  was 
cheaper,  and  he  removed  from  Connecticut  to  Chemung  (now  Schuyler)  county, 
New  York,  in  1817,  where  he  bought  a  large  tract  of  new  land.  He  gave  his  family 
such  advantages  as  the  schools  of  the  period  and  neighborhood  afforded.  His 
eldest  son,  Burritt,  was  a  graduate  of  a  medical  college  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession in  New  York  City  until  his  death,  in  1854,  at  which  time  he  was  surgeon 
of  the  ill-fated  steamer,  Arctic,  which  sunk  off  Cape  Eace  in  the  fall  of  1854.  Dr. 
Sherwood  was  detained  at  home  by  sickness  and  died  about  the  same  time  the 
vessel  was  lost.  Three  of  the  sons,  Charles,  Henry  and  Julius,  became  lawyers,  the 
last  two  being  well-known  residents  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  at  their  death. 
Charles  died  at  Messina,  Sicily,  in  1846,  where  he  was  then  serving  as  United 
States  Consul.  One  son,  Walter,  was  educated  at  West  Point  Military  Academy, 
and  was  killed  in  Florida  during  the  Seminole  war.  Another  son,  George,  was  an 
engineer  and  died  in  New  Orleans,  from  sickness  contracted  during  the  Mexican 
War;  while  Stanley,  Rollin  and  James  were  farmers,  the  first  of  whom  died  in 
Tioga  coimty.  Salmon  Sherwood  died  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  ia 
1853,  aged  eighty-four  years.  His  wife,  Phoebe,  died  in  Schuyler  county,  New 
York,  at  the  honae  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Hinman,  in  1872,  aged  ninety-six  years. 
Four  of  their  sons  died  in  the  service  of  the  government,  and  during  the  Rebellion 
every  one  of  their  surviving  sons  and  grandsons  of  military  age  were  in  the  Union 
army  or  represented  there.  Two  of  their  children  still  survive,  viz:  James,  of 
Bradford  county,  aged  eighty-six  years,  and  Mrs.  Phoebe  Hinman,  aged  ninety 
years,  who  lives  in  Schuyler  county.  New  York. 

William  Haehison  was  one  of  the  pioneer  carpenters  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  coming  here  a  single  man  in  1833,  where  he  at  once  found  employment 
on  the  stone  court  house,  then  in  course  of  erection.      He  was  a  native  of  New 


BI06HAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  g77 

Jersey,  and  soon  after  his  advent  in  Wellsboro  he  married  Catherine  Meek,  a 
daughter  of  Leonaa:ii  and  Mary  Meek,  natives  of  England,  whence  the  family  immi- 
grated to  Pennsylvania.  Her  father  was  one  of  the  early  tailors  and  merchants 
of  "Wellsboro,  coming  here  in  1833,  where  he  conducted  business  for  many  years. 
Mrs.  Harrison  was  bom  in  England,  October  10,  1816.  She  became  the  mother 
of  seven  children,  viz:  Jefferson,  a  lawyer,  of  Wellsboro;  Mary,  Albert,  deceased; 
Sarah,  Leonard,  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  and  William  and 
Catherine,  both  of  whom  died  in  childhood.  Mr.  Harrison  continued  the  business 
of  carpenter  and  builder  for  a  number  of  years,  but  later  purchased  a  farm  in 
Delmar  and  lived  in  that  township  for  quite  a  long  period.  Keturning  to  Wellsboro, 
he  spent  his  declining  years  in  the  family  home  on  Main  street,  now  occupied  by  his 
widow,  where  he  died  January  18,  1885,  aged  eighty-four  years.  Mr.  Harrison 
was  a  life-long  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  to  which  denomination  his- 
widow  belongs.  He  was  a  good  neighbor  and  an  honest  man,  and  is  kindly  re- 
membered by  the  community  among  whom  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  was 
passed. 

Leonaed  Haeeison,  president  of  the  First  National  Bajik  of  Wellsboro,  was 
born  in  that  borough,  January  10,  1850,  a  son  of  William  and  Catherine  Harrison, 
and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  county.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
until  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  then  began  clerking  in  the  postof&ce  under  Hon.  Hugh 
Young.  He  subsequently  worked  with  his  father  at  the  carpenter  business  up  to 
1878,  and  the  following  six  years  was  clerk  in  the  commissioners'  office.  In  the 
meantime  he  had  devoted  some  attention  to  lumbering,  and  in  1883  went  into  the 
coal  business,  with  which  he  was  connected  over  ten  years.  His  principal  success, 
however,  has  been  attained  in  the  lumber  business,  which  he  has  prosecuted  with 
energy  and  remarkable  judgment  for  several  years,  being  now  recognized  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  lumbermen  in  Tioga  county.  As  a  tribute  to  his  business  and 
financial  prominence  and  integrity,  Mr.  Harrison  was  chosen  in  August,  1896,  presi- 
dent of  the  First  National  Bank,  to  succeed  the  late  Jesse  M.  Eobinson.  On  July 
2,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Green,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Agnes  Green,  of 
Delmar  township,  to  which  union  have  been  born  three  children:  Emily,  deceased; 
Kaj;e  and  George.  The  family  are  Presbyterians  in  religious  belief.  The  handsome 
new  church  of  that  denomination  in  Wellsboro  was  erected  under  the  personal  super- 
vision of  Mr.  Harrison,  and  owes  much  to  his  generous  liberality  and  knowledge  of 
the  builder's  art.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  takes  a  deep  inter- 
est in  the  Sabbath-school,  as  well  as  in  all  else  pertaining  to  the  church.  In  politics, 
he  has  always  been  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  nine 
years,  also  that  of  burgess,  collector  and  borough  clerk. 

EoBEET  C.  Simpson  was  bom  in  the  irillage  of  MofEat,  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland, 
September  27,  1823.  His  father  was  an  Englishman  and  his  mother  a  native  of 
Scotland.  In  August,  1834,  the  family  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  at 
Silver  Lake,  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  Eobert  being  then  about  eleven 
years  old.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  clerking  in  a  general  store  at  Montrose, 
and  he  subsequently  became  a  teacher  in  the  Montrose  Academy.  Here  he  was  mar- 
ried in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  two  years  later  the  young  couple  came  to  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  where  Mr.  Simpson  found  employment  as  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the 


678  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Bingham  estate,  which  position  he  filled  one  year.  Eeturning  to  Montrose  he 
engaged  in  merchandising.  Abont  1850  he  moved  to  Towanda,  Bradford  coimty, 
and  became  teller  in  the  bank  of  LaPort,  Mason  &  Company,  and  five  years  later 
went  to  Seranton  to  accept  the  cashiership  in  the  bank  of  Mason,  Meylert  &  Com- 
pany, which  he  held  three  years.  He  then  returned  to  Wellsboro  and  became  chief 
clerk  in  the  Bingham  oifice.  When  William  B.  Clymer  went  to  Europe,  in  1869, 
Mr.  Simpson  had  charge  of  the  business,  and  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Clymer  he  suc- 
ceeded him  as  agent  and  attorney  of  the  estate.  From  that  time  until  his  death 
he  discharged  the  duties  of  this  responsible  position  with  characteristic  zeal,  unflag- 
ging industry,  sound  Judgment  and  strict  integrity,  winning  not  only  a  well-earned 
competence,  but  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  those  for  whom  he  acted.  He  was 
a  proficient  accountant  and  an  accurate  and  methodical  business  man.  Having  a 
great  deal  of  land  business  to  transact,  in  the  matter  of  titles  and  conveyances,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county,  ex  gratia,  in  1880,  a  compliment  he  highly 
esteemed.  He  also  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  bar  association  and  was  one  of  its 
most  liberal  and  useful  members.  Prior  to  the  Eebellion  Mr.  Simpson  was  a  Demo- 
crat, but  at  that  time  he  became  a  Eepublican.  He  remained  a  faithful  supporter 
of  the  Eepublican  part}'  the  balance  of  his  life,  and  was  chairman  of  the  county  com- 
mittee in  1874.  In  early  manhood  he  was  an  Odd  Fellow,  and  in  later  years  became 
a  Mason.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  that  revised  the  constitution  of  the 
Grand  Lodge,  at  which  period  he  was  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Masonic 
order  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Simpson's  hearty  and  enduring  love  of  l^ature,  animate  and  inanimate, 
was  one  of  the  dominant  traits  of  his  character.  He  was  a  sjrmpathetic  friend  of 
birds  and  animals  of  every  kind,  and  could  not  brook  the  least  cruelty  to  even  the 
humbler  members  of  Nature's  family.  Such  a  man  was  naturally  a  generous  friend 
of  poor,  suffering  humanity,  quick  to  discern  and  prompt  to  relieve  distress.  He 
gave  without  ostentation  and  as  secretly  as  possible,  and  any  reference  to  his  bene- 
factions was  sure  to  be  rebuked.  Frank,  outspoken,  honest  and  truthful,  he  could 
not  tolerate  any  attempt  at  deception  or  trickery  on  the  part  of  others.  Mr.  Simp- 
son was  a  well-informed  man,  a  close  observer  of  men  and  events,  and  possessed  a 
sound  and  cultivated  taste  for  good  literature.  A  discriminating  buyer  of  choice 
books,  he  accumulated  through  the  passing  years  a  fine  library  and  was  thoroughly 
familiar  with  its  contents.  His  old  home,  standing  in  a  dense  grove  of  pines,  has 
been  long  regarded  as  one  of  the  landmarks  of  AVellsboro.  Here  he  passed  to  eternal 
rest,  April  15,  1893,  leaving  a  widow  and  three  daughters,  his  only  son  having  died 
several  years  before. 

Col.  Alanson  E.  Niles,  a  son  of  Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  was  born  October  5,  1816, 
and  grew  to  manhood  in  this  county,  where  his  father  settled  in  1796.  He  was 
among  the  first  to  respond  to  his  country's  call,  and  was  early  in  the  field  as  cap- 
tain of  Company  E,  of  the  "Bucktails."  At  Drainsville  he  was  severely  wounded 
by  being  shot  through  the  lungs.  After  recovering  he  hastened  back  to  his 
regiment.  At  Gaines  Hill  he  was  taken  prisoner  with  Companies  D  and  E,  and 
spent  forty-nine  days  in  Libby  Prison,  when  they  were  exchanged.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  major,  March  1,  1863,  and  on  the  fifteenth  of  May  following  he 
was  made  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  regiment.     It  was  while  with  the  "Bucktails" 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  679 


in  their  charge  on  Little  Eound  Top,  Gettysburg,  that  he  was  wounded  in  the  left 
thigh.  He  was  afterward  transferred  to  the  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps  and  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  colonel.  On  the  night  President  Lincoln  was  assassinated, 
he  was  in  Ford's  Theater  and  heard  the  pistol  shot.  Colonel  ISTiles  participated 
in  many  battles  and  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  "bravest  of  the  brave."  During 
the  Grand  Eeview  in  Washington  he  was  of&cer  of  the  day  and  had  full  military 
charge  of  the  city  on  that  memorable  occasion.  He  was  commissioned  a  captain  in  the 
regular  army  and  for  three  years  was  stationed  at  Plattsburg,  New  York,  as  com- 
mandant of  the  military  barracks.  In  18G9  he  was  retired  on  account  of  disability, 
by  reason  of  his  wounds,  with  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  captain,  and  he  took  up  his 
residence  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  died  October  8,  1891. 

Gen.  Robekt  Coeson  Cox  is  one  of  the  oldest,  most  respected  and  best  known 
citizens  of  "Wellsboro.  He  is  a  native  of  Fairfield  township,  Lycoming  county,  Pena- 
sylvania,  where  he  was  born  November  18,  1833,  a  son  of  William  and  Haimah 
(Corson)  Cox,  the  former  a  native  of  Montour  county,  of  L-ish  ancestry,  and  the 
latter  of  Lycoming  countj^,  of  German-Quaker  stock.  His  parents  removed  to 
Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  when  Eobert  C.  was  about  two  months  old, 
where  they  lived  some  twelve  years  and  then  returned  to  their  former  home  in 
Lycoming  county.  In  April,  1841,  the  family  again  came  to  this  county  and  settled 
near  the  site  of  Liberty  borough.  Here  the  mother  died  in  May,  1843,  and  the  father 
in  February,  1856.  Eobert  C.  was  in  his  eighteenth  year  when  his  parents  located 
in  Liberty  township,  and  had  spent  his  boyhood  assisting  them  on  the  farm,  attend- 
ing the  common  schools  during  the  winter  seasons  and  enduring  the  trials  and 
hardships  of  those  early  days.  On  April  7,  1846,  he  married  Lydia  Ann  Wheeland, 
a  daughter  of  George  and  Mary  K.  Wheeland,  of  Liberty,  whose  ancestors  were 
pioneers  of  Loyalsock  township,  Lycoming  county,  whence  her  parents  removed  to 
Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1837.  Three  children  blessed  this  union,  as  fol- 
lows: Henry  C,  cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro;  Mary  E.,  deceased 
wife  of  Jacob  K.  Eichards,  and  Carrie  M.,  deceased  wife  of  Alfred  P.  Dartt.  After 
his  marriage  Mr.  Cox  took  charge  of  the  homestead  farm,  on  which  his  father  had 
paid  $500,  but  on  account  of  a  defective  title  our  subject  was  compelled  to  repurchase 
the  property.  Here  he  lived,  clearing  the  land  and  tilling  the  soil,  until  1854,  when 
he  sold  the  farm  and  embarked  in  merchandising  and  lumbering  at  Liberty,  which 
business  he  followed  until  entering  the  army  in  1863.  In  the  meantime  he  had 
served  six  years  as  orderly  sergeant  of  a  volunteer  cavalry  company,  and  was  brigade 
inspector  of  militia,  with  the  rank  of  major,  from  1854  up  to  the  first  year  of  the  war. 
On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Eebellion  he  at  once  took  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  raising  troops  to  defend  the  flag,  some  of  which  were  not  accepted,  Penn- 
sylvania's quota  being  full.  But  in  August,  1863,  he  went  to  Harrisburg  with  the 
drafted  men  from  Tioga  county,  and  on  the  organization  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  he  was  elected  major  of  the  regiment,  his 
commission  dating  November  18,  1863.  This  regiment  served  about  one  year,  prin- 
cipally on  garrison  duty  in  North  Carolina,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Harrisburg  in 
August,  1863.  In  the  summer  of  1864  General  Cox  was  authorized  by  Adjutant 
General  Eussell  to  raise  a  regiment,  and  the  result  of  his  efforts  in  that  direction  was 
the  gallant  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  of  which  com- 
mand he  was  commissioned  colonel  September  28, 1864.      The  regiment  participated 


680  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

in  the  closing  scenes  of  the  war,  including  Hatcher's  Eun,  Port  Steadman,  the  assault 
on  and  capture  of  Petersburg,  and  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox.  In 
March,  1865,  while  in  front  of  Petersburg,  the  regiment  presented  General  Cox  with 
a  horse  and  complete  outfit,  valued  at  $550,  as  a  token  of  their  appreciation  of  his 
soldierly  qualities  and  the  warm  place  he  had  in  their  affections.  Its  brave  and 
efficient  commander  was  brevetted  brigadier  general  April  9,  18G5,  participated  with 
his  regiment  in  the  grand  review  at  Washington,  D.  C,  was  mustered  out  with  his 
command  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  May  31,  1865,  and  was  discharged  at  Harrisburg 
on  June  5,  following.  Eeturning  to  his  home  at  Liberty,  General  Cox  resumed  the 
peaceful  pursuits  of  merchandising  and  lumbering,  and  again  became  a  plain  Ameri- 
can citizen. 

In  politics.  General  Cox  was  originally  a  Whig,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Henry 
Clay  for  president,  and  has  been  a  consistent  Eepublican  since  the  organization  of 
that  pari;y.  He  served  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Liberty  from  1862  to  1867,  and 
was  postmaster  of  that  borough  from  April,  1869,  until  the  autumn  of  the  same 
year,  when  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Tioga  county,  which  office  he  filled  one  term. 
While  still  treasurer  he  was  elected  prothonotary  and  clerk  of  the  court,  November 
13,  1872,  and  was  re-elected  six  successive  terms,  serving  in  that  office  a  period  of 
twenty-one  consecutive  years.  He  has  been  a  permanent  resident  of  Wellsboro  since 
the  fall  of  1872,  and  is  widely  known  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

General  Cox  and  wife  have  been  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
for  nearly  half  a  century,  and  have  lived  to  celebrate  the  golden  anniversary  of  their 
marriage.  Few  men  are  more  favorably  known  in  this  section  of  the  State  than  this 
old  veteran,  whose  unsullied  integrity  and  clean  military  and  official  record  have 
endeared  him  to  the  people  of  Tioga  county.  At  his  last  election  as  prothonotary 
he  received  9,302  votes,  or  fifty-eight  more  than  the  combined  vote  cast  for  Pattison 
and  Delamater,  and  during  the  closing  year  of  that  term  he  was  frequently  urged  by 
many  leading  men  in  different  parts  of  the  county  to  again  be  a  candidate  for  the 
office  which  he  had  filled  so  long  and  faithfully,  but  he  firmly  declined  and  retired 
to  private  life.  Here  in  the  happy  companionship  of  his  affectionate  wife,  his  faith- 
ful helpmate  through  both  sunshine  and  shadow,  he  is  spending  the  sunset  of  a  suc- 
cessful and  honorable  career  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the 
entire  community. 

Hon.  Hugh  Young,  the  veteran  bank  examiner,  has  had  a  long  and  varied  pub- 
lic career  as  correspondent,  editor,  legislator,  bank  examiner  and  president  of  the 
Wellsborough  National  Bank.  He  is  a  native  of  Killyleagh,  County  Down,  Ireland, 
born  on  the  14th  of  December,  1832,  a  twin  brother  of  the  late  Thomas  L.  Young,  ex- 
governor  of  Ohio.  Their  parentage,  on  both  sides  of  the  parental  tree,  were  Scotch- 
Irish  Presbyterians,  the  Youngs  and  the  Kennedys  having  emigrated  from  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  to  Ulster,  Ireland,  in  the  Seventeenth  century.  When  the  twins  were 
together,  even  in  manhood,  it  was  impossible  for  a  stranger  to  distinguish  them  apart, 
so  closely  did  they  resemble  each  other. 

Hugh  immigrated  to  this  country  in  1850,  ajQd  lived  with  his  brother,  the  late 
Eobert  Kennedy- Young,  a  prosperous  fanner  of  Potter  county,  who  sent  him  to  the 
Coudersport  Academy.  Here  we  find  him  as  clerk  in  a  store  for  a  year,  and  for 
three  years  afterwards  as  a  law  student  with  the  late  Hon.  John  S.  Mann,  supporting 
himself  by  teaching  and  surveying.     Not  having  much  fancy  for  the  practice  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  681 

the  law  he  never  asked  for  admission  to  the  bar,  but  turned  his  attention  to  journal- 
ism, writing  his  first  letters  to  the  New  York  Herald  in  1855,  describing  the  Nor- 
wegian colony  on  Kettle  creek,  the  grand  opening  celebration  at  Oleona,  and  Ole 
Bull's  castle,  topics  which  attracted  much  attention  at  that  time. 

In  1856  Mr.  Young  went  with  the  congressional  investigating  committee  to 
Kansas,  of  which  Hon.  John  Sherman  was  chairman,  as  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Tribune,  and  was  an  eye  witness  of  many  of  the  guerrilla  fights  between  the 
Free  State  forces  under  John  Brown  and  Gen.  Jim  Lane,  and  the  Border  Ruffians 
under  Stringfellow,  Eichardson  and  others;  and  his  letters  signed  "Potter"  were 
quoted  by  every  newspaper  and  every  orator  either  in  denunciation  or  approval  during 
the  heated  presidential  campaign  of  that  year. 

In  April,  1856,  George  W.  Brown,  the  editor  of  the  Herald  of  Freedom,  at  Law- 
rence, the  first  Eepublican  newspaper  published  in  the  territory  of  Kansas,  was 
arrested  for  treason,  with  four  others,  and  confined  at  Lecompton.  At  Brown's 
request  Mr.  Young  took  charge  of  the  paper  as  associate  editor  and  continued  its 
publication  until  it  was  destroyed  by  a  mob,  May  21,  and  continued  as  associate  editor 
for  a  year  after  the  paper  was  re-established.  His  health  failing  through  malaria, 
Mr.  Young  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Pennsylvania,  and  became  book-keeper  in 
the"  office  of  the  Bingham  estate  at  Coudersport,  where  he  remained  until  December, 
1858,  when  he  purchased  the  Agitator  at  Wellsboro.  During  the  war  for  the  Union 
Mr.  Young  made  his  newspaper  a  household  necessity  in  nearly  every  Tioga  county 
family,  by  engaging  a  correspondent  in  every  regiment  and  in  nearly  every  company 
in  which  Tioga  county  soldiers  were  enlisted. 

In  1862  he  sold  the  Agitator  to  its  founder,  M.  H.  Cobb,  and  went  into  business 
as  a  bookseller  and  insurance  agent.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  but 
resigned  in  May,  1877,  to  accept  the  office  of  national  bank  examiner.  He  was 
removed  for  political  reasons  in  February,  1888,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he 
founded  the  Wellsborough  National  Bank.  In  1889  he  was  a  candidate  for  comp- 
troller of  the  currency,  but  failed  to  get  the  appointment.  In  November,  1891,  he 
was  called  into  the  public  service  again  as  special  bank  examiner,  and  by  unanimous 
petition  of  the  bankers  of  Pittsbiirg  he  was  assigned  for  duty  in  that  city  by  the 
comptroller  of  the  currency. 

Mr.  Young  has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  social,  moral,  industrial, 
civic,  and  literary  life  of  the  people  of  the  borough  in  which  he  has  resided  for  so 
many  years.  He  has  been  honored  by  his  fellow  citizens  in  being  chosen  to  many 
local  positions  of  responsibility  and  trust. 

In  polities  Mr.  Yoimg  has  always  been  a  Eepublican,  and  cast  his  first  vote 
(1854)  for  Gov.  James  Pollock,  who  appointed  him  on  his  military  staff  as  an  aid- 
de-camp  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the  territory 
of  Kansas  to  the  first  Eepublican  National  Convention  at  Philadelphia  in  1856, 
which  nominated  General  Fremont,  and  he  was  also  a  delegate  from  the  Sixteenth 
Congressional  district  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  Eepublican  National  Convention  at 
Chicago,  in  1888,  which  nominated  Harrison  and  Eeid.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Wellsboro  and  served  five  years,  and  in  1862  he  was  appointed  consul 
to  Santa  Cruz,  which  honor  he  declined. 

Although  slightly  lame  by  reason  of  an  accident  in  early  youth,  Mr.  Young 
volunteered  as  an  Emergency  Man  in  1863,  when  Lee's  forces  invaded  the  State, 


682  HISTOET    OS    TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

and  was  accepted  as  a  private  in  Company  F,  Thirty-fifth  Volunteer  Militia;  was 
sworn  into  the  United  States  service;  was  promoted  to  the  staff  as  first  lieutenant 
and  quartermaster,  and  served  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out. 

In  1884,  on  motion  of  Hon.  M.  P.  Elliott,  Mr.  Young  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Tioga  county,  ex  gratia,  on  the  unanimous  petition  of  the  members  as  a  mark 
of  their  esteem.  Mr.  Young  was  married  September  33,  1859,  to  Lois  Ann,  second 
daughter  of  A.  H.  Butterworth,  of  Coudersport,  Pennsylvania,  and  they  have  three 
sons,  Eobert  Kennedy,  Hiigh  Oai'lisle,  and  Thomas  Lowry.  Mrs.  Young  is  a  niece 
of  the  late  Hon.  David  Wilmot,  of  Towanda,  Pennsylvania. 

Edward  G.  Schibffelin,  superintendent  of  the  Stokesdale  tannery,  was  born 
in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  March  36,  1836,  and  is  a  son 
of  Dr.  Jacob  SchiefEelin,  a  pioneer  settler  and  lumberman  of  that  township,  and  later 
a  resident  of  Tioga  borough.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Alfred 
Academy,  Allegany  county.  New  York,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  began  merchan- 
dising in  Tioga,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Baldwin,  Lowell  &  Company,  continuing 
from  December,  1856,  to  March,  1861.  In  September,  1861,  he  raised  Company 
H,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served  as  its  captain  until  after  the 
battle  of  South  Mountain,  when  he  was  promoted  to  major  for  meritorious  service. 
He  also  participated  in  the  battles  of  James  Island,  Antietam  and  Fredericksburg, 
besides  numerous  skirmishes.  Owing  to  ill  health,  he  resigned  January  10,  1863, 
and  returned  home.  When  Lee  invaded  Pennsylvania  he  went  out  as  lieutenant 
colonel  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Eegiraent,  Emergency  Men,  and  served  six  weeks.  He 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  deputy  provost  marshal  for  Tioga  county,  which 
office  he  filled  imtil  the  close  of  the  war.  After  his  return  to  Tioga  he  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business,  btit  soon  went  to  New  York,  where  he  filled  the  position  of 
salesman  in  a  wholsesale  dry-goods  house  for  three  years.  In  1871  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Bailey,  Lowell  &  Company,  his  partners  being  John  W.  Bailey, 
F.  K.  Wright  and  0.  B.  Lowell,  founders  of  the  Stokesdale  tannery,  Mr.  Wright 
and  himself  being  the  managers.  In  1880  Bailey  and  Wright  sold  out  to  William 
H.  Humphrey,  and  the  firm  became  Schieflelin  &  Company.  In  October,  1883,  the 
AVellsboTO  Leather  C.ompany  (Limited)  was  organized,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000, 
and  the  plant  and  grounds  became  its  property.  In  May,  1893,  the  control  was 
transferred  to  the  Union  Tanning  Company,  in  which  Mr.  Schieflelin  is  a  stockholder 
and  director.  He  has  filled  the  position  of  superintendent  since  1891,  and  is  the 
only  one  of  the  original  founders  now  connected  with  the  enterprise.  On  April  8, 
1878,  Mr.  Schieflelin  married  Barbara  Duttenhaffer,  of  Wellsboro,  who  died  in  July 
of  the  same  year.  On  June  15,  1381,  he  married  Elizabeth  M.  Schmitt,  of  Elmira. 
To  this  union  was  born  one  son,  George  Girard,  June  3,  1884.  The  mother  died 
July  15,  1884.  He  was  married  to  his  present  wife  October  17,  1894.  She  was  a 
Miss  Mary  Sommerville,  and  is  the  mother  of  one  daughter,  Mary  S.,  bom  in  Octo- 
ber, 1895.  Mr.  Schieflelin  is  a  thorough  business  man  and  possesses  high  executive 
ability.  His  successful  career  has  been  due  to  close  attention  to  business  details 
and  an  accurate  knowledge  of  all  the  minutiae  of  the  enterprise  with  which  his  name 
has  been  so  closely  associated  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  politics,  he 
has  been  a  life-long  Republican;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago  in  1884,  and  is  recognized  as  a  man  of  marked  influence  in  the  party 
councils  of  this  congressional  district. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  683 

Heney  Jacksok  Landeus  was  born  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
September  16,  1839,  a  son  of  Washington  and  Lucinda  (Granger)  Landrus,  and 
was  reared  in  his  native  town.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Blossburg  in 
boyhood,  and  began  his  business  career  by  assisting  his  father  in  supplying  prop 
timber  for  the  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  we  find  him 
engaged  in  clerking  and  weighing  coal  at  the  Morris  Run  mines,  thus  assisting  his 
parents  in  the  support  of  a  large  family.  Here  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Evans, 
a  daughter  of  John  Evans,  of  Blossburg,  June  16, 1863.  Believing  that  his  country 
needed  his  services,  he  enlisted  August  30,  1863,  in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  leaving  his  young  wife  went  to  the  front 
in  defense  of  the  flag.  On  April  3,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant- 
major  and  served  with  his  regiment  until  May  5,  1864,  when  he  was  shot  through 
the  right  arm  at  the  battle  of  the  "Wilderness  and  captured  by  the  rebels.  For  about 
nine  months  he  suffered  all  the  horrors  of  imprisonment  at  Andersonville,  and  was 
then  exchanged  and  rejoined  his  regiment,  with  which  he  served  until  honorably 
discharged  May  31,  1865.  Eeturning  to  Blossburg  he  resumed  the  duties  of  civil 
life.  His  executive  ability  and  sound  business  judgment  finally  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  F.  N".  Drake,  then  the  leading  spirit  in  the  development  of  the  mines  at  Amot, 
who  in  March,  1868,  appointed  Mr.  Landrus  book-keeper  and  paymaster  for  the  Bloss- 
burg Coal  Company  at  that  place,  and  in  1873  general  superintendent,  which  position 
he  filled  until  May  1,  1876,  when  he  resigned.  In  1879  he  was  elected  on  the  Ee- 
publican  ticket  sheriff  of  Tioga  county,  but  in  1881  he  virtually  resigned  the  ofSce 
and  again  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  general  manager  at  Arnot.  "When  the 
Arnot  mines  became  the  property  of  the  Erie  Railway  Company,  Mr.  Landrus 
resigned  the  superintendency  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  as  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Drake,  Landrus  &  Drake,  with  which  he  was  connected  up  to  his.  death. 
He  removed  from  Amot  to  Antrim  in  the  spring  of  1885,  and  in  1891  took  up  his 
residence  in  "W"ellsboro,  where  he  died  October  16,  1896,  leaving  a  widow  and  nine 
children  to  mourn  his  loss.  His  children  are  as  follows:  Mary,  wife  of  Frank  H. 
Dartt;  Flora,  wife  of  "W.  L.  Beverson;  John  L.,  Harry  J.,  George,  Nellie,  Lou,  Bessie 
and  Paul. 

Mr.  Landnis  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the  development  of  his  native  county, 
and  his  busy,  successful  career  is  a  bright  example  to  his  fellowmen.  A  respected 
and  honored  citizen,  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  whole  community,  as  exempli- 
fied by  the  many  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility  which  he  so  creditably  filled 
at  different  periods  in  his  life.  In  January,  1893,  he  was  chosen  president  of  the 
"Wellsborough  National  Bank  and  served  in  that  capacity  up  to  December,  1895, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  quite  prominent  in  the  councils  of  the  Republican  party 
and  was  a  delegate  from  this  district  to  the  National  Convention  at  St.  Louis,  which 
nominated  McKinley  and  Hobart  as  the  Republican  standard  bearers.  In  politics, 
as  well  as  in  business,  he  was  plain,  outspoken  and  fearless,  yet  charitable  and  always 
tolerant  of  the  opinions  of  others.  As  a  son,  he  watched  over  the  declining  years 
of  his  aged  parents  ■sv'ith  the  greatest  solicitude,  and  as  a  husband  and  father  he  was 
kind,  loving  and  generous.  His  unostentatious  charity,  genial  manner  and  warm- 
hearted friendship  won  him  the  respect  of  the  community.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  school  board  and  board  of  health  of  "Wellsboro,  and  secretary  of  the  board  of 


684  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

trustees  of  Cottage  State  Hospital,  all  of  -whieli  passed  warm  resolutions  at  his  death, 
extolling  his  high  character  and  clean  record  as  a  public  oiEcial  and  private  citizen. 

Anton  Haedt,  general  superintendent  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  was 
born  in  Vienna,  Austria,  March  37,  1839,  a  son  of  Anton  and  Elizabeth  (Jacobi) 
Hardt.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  city;  graduated  from  the  I.  E.  Polytechnic 
Institute,  of  Vienna,  and  the  I.  E.  School  of  Mines,  at  Leoben,  Styria,  and  in  1860 
was  appointed  by  the  Austrian  government  assistant  teacher  in  the  latter  institution, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  He  then  resigned  to  accept  the  more  practical  position 
of  mining  engineer  at  the  coal  mines  of  Prevail,  Carinthia.  In  1863  he  accepted 
the  position  of  mining  engineer  and  superintendent  at  the  extensive  coal  mines  of 
Sagor,  Camiola.  This  he  resigned  in  June,  1865,  and  in  September  of  that  year  he 
came  to  the  United  States  and  found  employment  as  a  civil  engineer  on  the  Philadel- 
phia and  Erie  railroad,  with  headquarters  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  up  to  1867.  He  then  resigned  to  take  charge  of  the  survey  of  the  Wellsboro 
and  Lawrenceville  railroad,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Brewer  he  was  made  mining 
engineer  at  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county,  also  serving  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Wellsboro 
and  Lawrenceville  railroad  up  to  1873.  On  January  1,  1873,  Mr.  Hardt  was  ap- 
pointed superintendent  of  the  mines  at  Fall  Brook  and  Antrim,  and  in  the  fall  of 
187.5  he  was  elected  chief  engineer  of  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  and  Coming  railroad, 
which  was  completed  under  his  supervision  in  November,  1877.  In  January,  1883, 
he  was  elected  chief  engineer  of  the  Jersey  Shore,  Pine  creek  and  Buffalo  railroad, 
now  the  Pine  creek  railroad,  but  at  his  own  request  he  was  released  from  railroad 
work  in  March,  1890.  Mr.  Hardt  is  a  stockholder  and  director  in  the  Pine  Creek  Eail- 
road  Company;  a  director  in  the  Tioga  Improvement  Company,  and  a  member  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  He  has  written  and  published  numerous 
articles  on  geology  and  civil  engineering  in  German  and  American  journals,  among 
them  in  the  Scientific  American,  and  the  Railroad  Gazette.  Mr.  Hardt  was  married 
December  3, 1866,  to  Miss  Alvina  Koch,  a  daughter  of  Augustus  Koch,  a  well-remem- 
bered business  man  of  South  "Williamsport.  Six  children  blessed  this  union,  viz: 
Alice  "W.,  deceased;  Minnie  E.;  Edmond  A.,  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Fall  Brook 
Coal  Company,  at  Antrim;  Charles  W.,  a  student  at  the  Pennsylvania  State  College; 
Annie  B.,  and  Albert  F.  Mrs.  Hardt  died  September  3,  1890,  aged  forty-eight 
years.  On  May  23,  1894,  he  married  for  his  second  wife,  in  St.  Peter's  church, 
Augusta,  Maine,  Mrs.  Florence  Augusta  Thurber,  daughter  of  David  Turk,  of 
Addison,  ITew  York.  She  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  "William  H.  and  Emma 
Lilian,  the  former  a  telegraph  operator  at  "Wellsboro  and  the  latter  a  musician  of 
promise.  Mr.  Hardt  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  has  been 
an  active  worker  in  the  "Wellsboro  organization.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
school  board  since  1887;  president  of  the  board  of  education  for  three  years;  is  sec- 
retary of  the  board  of  health,  and  also  a  director  in  the  First  ]!Tational  Bank  of 
"Wellsboro.  Mr.  Hardt  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  substantial  citizens  of  Tioga 
county,  a  gentleman  of  broad,  progressive  and  liberal  ideas,  and  is  held  in  high 
esteem  by  the  community  in  which  he  has  lived  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

John  E.  Bowen  was  born  in  Owego,  Tioga  county,  N"ew  York,  December  15, 
1818,  a  son  of  James  and  Jane  (Westfall)  Bowen.  His  father  was  a  native  of  New 
England,  but  was  reared  in  "Warren  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
the  family  settled  before  1800.  James  Bowen  married  Jane  "Westfall,  who  became 
the  mother  of  nine  children.     He  followed  the  sea  for  a  number  of  years,  but  later 


BIOGEAPHIOAL     SKETCHES.  685 


became  a  farmer  and  lumberman,  and  died  in  Owego,  New  York,  in  August,  1847. 
His  widow  died  in  1885,  aged  eighty-nine  years.  When  John  E.  was  five  months 
old  his  parents  removed  to  Warren  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  his 
father's  former  home,  and  when  he  was  nineteen  they  returned  to  Owego,  New  York. 
In  1851  he  came  to  Cedar  Eun,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  embarked 
in  merchandising  and  lumbering.  In  1853  Mr.  Bowen  located  in  Wellsboro,  but 
for  thirteen  years  afterward  retained  his  interest  in  the  store  at  Cedar  Eun.  After 
coming  to  Wellsboro  he  opened  a  store  on  the  site  of  the  Wellsborough  National 
Bank,  where  he  carried  on  business  for  sixteen  years.  He  then  built  what  is  known 
as  the  Jacobson  block,  in  which  he  continued  business  for  a  number  of  years.  In 
1869  he  became  a  member  of  the  lumber  firm  of  Truman  &  Bowen,  proprietors  of 
the  old  Bodine  mill  on  Queen  street,  which  they  operated  for  about  twenty  years. 
For  several  years  past  he  has  lived  retired  from  active  business.  Mr.  Bowen  was 
married  October  16, 1849,  to  Maria  Ann  Howland,  a  daughter  of  Marsena  and  Eliza- 
beth (Holt)  Howland.  She  was  bom  in  Sheffield,  Massachusetts,  December 
19,  1834.  Two  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  James  M.,  a 
resident  of  Wellsboro,  and  George  W.,  of  Eochester,  New  York.  Mrs.  Bowen's 
father  died  in  Berkshire,  New  York,  in  1844,  aged  fifty  years,  and  her  mother  at 
Cedar  Eun  in  1856,  aged  sixty.  In  polities,  Mr.  Bowen  was  first  a  Whig,  but  became 
a  Eepublican  upon  the  formation  of  that  paa-ty.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  assessor 
of  inteimal  revenue  for  the  Eighteenth  district,  which  position  he  held  four  years. 
He  was  then  appointed  collector  of  internal  reveniie,  but  not  desiring  the  office  he 
resigned  in  favor  of  John  Burrows.  In  187  6  he  was  a  Blaine  delegate  to  the  National 
Eepublican  Convention  at  Cincinnati.  He  was  elected  county  treasurer  in  1880, 
and  served  three  years.  He  filled  the  offices  of  deputy  sheriff  and  constable  in 
Tioga  county.  New  York;  also  assistant  burgess,  member  of  council  and  tax  col- 
lector in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Bowen  was  one  of  the  original  stockholders  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  and  for  seventeen  years  a  member  of  the  board  of 
directors.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  for  thirty-four  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 

Charles  G.  Osgood,  a  son  of  Hon.  John  and  OUve  (Grosvenor)  Osgood,  was 
bom  in  Cincinnatus,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  March  22,  1820,  and  is  descended 
from  John  Osgood,  a  native  of  Hampshire,  England,  who  settled  in  Andover,  Massa- 
chusetts, about  1638.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
State,  and  there  received  a  common  school  education.  In  1840  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  at  Tiadaghton,  on  Pine  creek,  where  he  engaged 
in  lumbering  three  or  four  years.  In  1845  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  purchased  the  mercantile  stock  of  Henry  Graves.  For  more  than  forty 
years  he  carried  on  merchandising  siiccessfully,  finally  retiring  from  active  business 
in  1890,  in  which  year  he  sold  out  the  stock.  Mr.  Osgood  was  married  May  23, 1861, 
to  Mary  Josephine  Todd,  a  native  of  North  Haven,  Connecticut,  bom  February  6, 
1833.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Josiah  and  Elizabeth  (Clinton)  Todd.  Her  father  was 
born  in  North  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  1794,  and  was  descended  from  Christopher 
Todd  and  Grace  Middlebrook,  who  were  among  the  original  settlers  of  New  Haven 
colony  in  1638.  He  was  married  in  1816  to  Elizabeth  Clinton,  and  moved  to  New- 
ark Valley,  New  York,  in  1834,  where  he  was  interested  in  the  tanning  business  for 
some  years,  later  purchased  a  farm  and  followed  agriculture  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death.     To  Charles  G.  and  Mary  J.  Osgood  have  been  born  three  children,  viz: 


ggg  HISTORY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Harry  Winthrop,  who  is  connected  with  the  United  Press  of&ee,  in  New  York  City; 
Mary*  Helen,  wife  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Webb,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Charles  Grosvenor,  a  graduate 
of  Yale  College.  Mr.  Osgood  united  with  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Wellsboro  in 
1856,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  elder  in  that  body  since  1857.  He  has  been  super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school  for  many  years,  and  mainly  through  his  efEorts  and 
financial  assistance  the  Presbyterian  Sunday-school  library  has  developed  into  its 
present  proportions.  Mrs.  Osgood  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  church  work, 
and  for  twenty-seven  years  has  been  organist  and  chorister  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Mr.  Osgood  is  a  Eepublican  in  politics;  has  been  burgess  of  Wellsboro 
twice,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county. 

William  Eobehts,  son  of  William  and  Betsey  (Pratt)  Eoberts,  was  born  at 
Canton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  14,  1836.  His  father  was  a  son 
of  Nathan  Eoberts,  and  a  native  of  Connecticut,  bom  in  January,  1796.  In  1799 
the  family  came  to  Canton,  Pennsylvania,  where  William  Eoberts,  Sr.,  grew  to  man- 
hood and  married  Betsey  Pratt.  To  this  union  were  bom  sixteen  children,  eleven 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Mehitabel,  wife  of  David  E.  Cole;  Hannah, 
wife  of  Edward  McClellan;  Julius,  deceased;  William,  who  died  in  Wellsboro; 
Lyman,  deceased;  David  P.,  a  resident  of  Emmettsburg,  Iowa;  Mary  Jane,  who 
lives  in  Canton,  Pennsylvania;  Mariette,  wife  of  Eraetus  Putnam  of  the  same  place; 
Asa,  deceased;  Viola,  wife  of  Eussell  Eoss,  of  DeSmet,  South  Dakota,  and  Valeria, 
wife  of  P.  M.  Baldwin.  The  parents  both  died  on  the  homestead  farm  at  Canton,  in 
April,  1865,  their  deaths  occurring  within  two  days  of  each  other.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  spent  his  youth  and  young 
manhood  on  the  home  farm  in  Bradford  county.  In  1853  he  went  to  California, 
remaining  there  two  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1854  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  opened 
a  hardware  store  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  David  P.,  the  firm  being  D.  P.  & 
W.  Eoberts.  In  1857  his  brother  retired  from  the  business,  which,  with  but  a  slight 
interruption,  was  carried  on  by  our  subject  up  to  his  death,  March  23,  1897,  being 
at  the  time  the  oldest  merchant  in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Eoberts  was  married  October 
23,  1857,  to  Margaret  Sturroek,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Jane  Sturrock.  Mnc 
children  have  been  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  William  H.,  deceased;  Charles 
11.,  May  B.,  wife  of  Alexander  P.  Cameron,  of  Manor,  Pennsylvania;  Lyman,  a  com- 
mercial traveler,  who  resides  in  Elmira;  Edwin  M.,  Margaret,  Minnie  Jane,  deceased, 
Sarah,  and  Jessie,  the  last  deceased.  Mr.  Eoberts  was  a  Eepublican  since  1856,  but 
was  not  active  in  polities,  though  he  served  in  the  borough  council  and  as  a  school 
director.  In  religion,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  the 
last  charter  member  of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317,  E.  &  A.  M.,  and  was  also  a  charter 
member  of  Tyoga  Chapter,  No.  194,  E.  A.  M.,  and  of  Tyagaghton  Commandery, 
No.  28,  K.  T.  Mr.  Eoberts'  long  and  successful  business  career  was  marked  by  a 
strict  adherence  to  honorable  business  methods.  He  enjoyed  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  the  community,  and  during  the  forty-two  years  he  lived  in  Wellsboro  he  was 
an  active  supporter  of  nearly  every  enterprise  calculated  to  forward  the  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  town. 

William  H.  Egberts,  son  of  William  and  Margaret  (Sturrock)  Eoberts,  was 
bom  in  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  August  30,  1858,  and  was  educated  in  the  borough 
schools,  and  graduated  from,  the  Pittsburg  Commercial  College.  After  his  return 
to  AVellsboro,  he  assisted  his  father  in  the  store.     He  was  an  expert  book-keeper 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  687 


and  accountant,  and  soon  obtained  recognition  as  a  wide-awake,  public-spirited 
citizen,  and  a  foremost  advocate  of  everything  tending  to  advance  the  place  of  his 
birth.  In  1889  he  was  elected  burgess  and  made  a  most  excellent  official,  his  duties 
being  very  arduous,  owing  to  the  disastrous  June  flood  of  that  year.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  a  councilman  and  was  filling  that  position  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  a  prominent  Mason,  and  a  member  of  a  number  of  other  secret  and  civic 
societies.  Mr.  Roberts  possessed,  in  a  marked  degree,  those  sterling  traits  of  char- 
acter that  command  respect  and  esteem.  He  was  married  October  12,  1883,  to 
Dora  Coles,  a  daughter  of  W.  E.  Coles,  of  M''ellsboro.  He  died  October  31,  1893. 
Two  sons,  William  and  Leon,  and  their  mother  survive  the  loss  of  a  kind  father 
and  husband. 

M.  M.  Converse  was  born  in  Palmer,  Massachusetts,  February  15,  1833,  and 
learned  the  tailor's  trade  in  his  native  State.  He  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1843,  where 
he  continued  to  work  at  his  trade.  In  1848  he  opened  a  clothing  store  and  ofEered 
to  his  patrons  the  first  stock  of  ready-made  clothing  brought  to  Wellsboro.  After 
conducting  business  alone  for  some  years,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Osgood, 
and  the  firm  of  Converse  &  Osgood  continued  the  business.  About  1880  Mr.  Con- 
verse retired,  and  died  June  37,  1895.  In  1865  he  married  Mrs.  Juliet  Sherwood, 
oldest  daughter  of  Chester  Eobinson,  to  which  union  was  bom  one  son,  Chester 
R.    His  widow  died  in  Pasadena,  California,  April  34,  1897. 

Chester  R.  Converse,  only  child  of  M.  M.  and  Juliet  Converse,  was  bom  in 
Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  October  31,  1869.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of 
the  borough  and  later  took  a  course  in  Phillips'  Academy,  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
and  in  the  Elmira  Business  College.  In  1889  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  business 
in  Wellsboro  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Nichols  &  Converse,  but  within  a  year  he  pur- 
chased his  partner's  interest  and  continued  the  business  alone  for  five  years.  On 
January  1,  1896,  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Bailey  &  Converse,  dealers  in 
agricultural  implements,  etc.  Mr.  Converse  was  married  June  37,  1893,  to  Emily 
Nichols,  a  daughter  of  Alfred  I.  Nichols,  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial  young  business  men  of  the  borough. 

John  Mathers,  Sr.,  a  native  of  Coimty  Londonderry,  Ireland,  immigrated  to 
Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  the  close  of  the  last  century.  Early  in  the 
present  century  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  Broughton  Hollow,  in  the 
southeastern  part  of  Delniar  township,  removing  some  years  later  to  a  farm  about  a 
mile  southwest  of  Wellsboro.  He  married  Jane  McKeever,  who  bore  him  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Charles,  James,  William,  Robert,  John,  Jane,  who  married  Gay- 
lord  Judd;  Mrs.  Daniel  Kelsey;  Eliza,  who  married  Gates  Wilcox;  Mary,  who  mar- 
ried Benjamin  Gitchell,  and  Rebecca,  who  married  Frank  Wetherbee,  all  of  whom 
are  dead.  The  parents  passed  the  closing  years  of  their  lives  on  the  homestead  farm 
near  Wellsboro. 

John  Mathers,  son  of  John  Mathers,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Chester  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  10, 1799,  removed  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  when  about  eleven 
years  of  age,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Delraar  township.  In  1839  he  went  to  Evans- 
ville,  Indiana,  and  there  married  Eliza  Jane  Beecher,  a  daughter  of  Hopestill  and 
Abigail  (Rathbone)  Beecher,  pioneer  settlers  at  Beecher's  Island,  Tioga  county. 
She  was  born  in  this  county  February  13,  1806,  and  became  the  mother  of  eleven 


688  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

children,  viz:  Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  Charles  Herrington,  of  Delmar;  William  T.,  of 
Wellsboro;  Maiy  Clorinda,  widow  of  Dr.  Luther  W.  Johnson,  of  Bloesburg;  Happy- 
lonia,  deceased  wife  of  H.  H.  Gibson,  of  New  York;  Emily  B.,  wife  of  George  Sidli- 
van,  of  Cincinnati;  Helen  E.,  wife  of  Lewis  Tompkins,  of  Fishkill,  New  York; 
Abigail  B.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro;  John,  Jr.,  a  resident  of  New  Orleans,  Lou- 
isiana; Phoebe  A.,  deceased  wife  of  B.  F.  "W'erline,  of  Liberty;  Charles  C.  and 
Marion  H.,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  Soon  after  his  majnriage  Mr.  Mathers  removed 
to  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  and  settled  on  Pine  creek,  above  Ansonia.  Here 
for  a  number  of  years  he  operated  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  and  also  kept  a  wayside 
inn.  When  the  postoffice  of  Shippen  was  established  he  became  the  first  postmaster. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga  coimity,  and  was  elected  a  second  time  in 
1855.  After  his  retirement  from  office  he  bought  a  farm  in  Charleston  township, 
near  Eound  Top.  Here  he  made  his  home  until  1876,  when  he  went  to  New  York 
for  medical  treatment  and  resided  in  that  city  until  his  death.  May  29,  1879.  His 
wife  died  August  11,  1887. 

William  T.  Mathees,  oldest  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Jane  Mathers,  and  grandson 
of  John  Mathers,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  August  8,  1832. 
He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  seminary  in  Lima,  New 
York.  In  1858  he  opened  a  general  store  in  Wellsboro,  which  he  carried  on  for 
twenty-five  years,,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  the  town  during  this 
period.  For  several  years  past  he  has  been  engaged  in  selling  goods  as  a  commercial 
traveler,  though  retaining  his  residence  in  Wellsboro.  On  June  7, 1855,  Mr.  Mathers 
maixied  Mary  Rose  Merrick,  a  daughter  of  Israel  Merrick,  Jr.,  and  has  four  children, 
viz:  George  Beecher,  who  lives  in  Delmar;  William  John,  Horace  Maine  and 
Mary  Beulah,  all  residents  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  Mr.  Mathers  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Chaeles  Coolidge  Mathees,  youngest  son  of  John  and  Eliza  Jane  Mathers, 
and  grandson  of  John  Mathers,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county, 
November  4, 1846,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  He  began  his  business 
career  as  a  bank  clerk  in  Evansville,  Indiana,  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age. 
He  subsequently  returned  to  Wellsboro  and  in  June,  1870,  bought  out  the  mercan- 
tile business  of  Laugher  Bache.  He  continued  in  business  by  himself  until  1878  when 
E.  W.  Graves  purchased  an  interest  and  the  firm  became  C.  C.  Mathers  &  Company. 
In  1885  P.  W.  Siemens  was  admitted  to  the  partnership  and  the  firm  name  was 
changed  to  Mathers,  Graves  &  Company.  Mr.  Ma,thers  continued  in  the  successful 
prosecution  of  his  business  until  his.  death,  July  4, 1894.  The  firm  name  remains  un- 
changed. On  June  19,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Bryden,  a  daughter  of  James 
and  Mary  Bryden,  of  Wellsboro^  to  which  union  was  born  one  son,  George  R.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Mathers  was  a  Republican,  and  though  not  an  active  politician  he  filled 
the  office  of  burgess  and  took  a  commendable  interest  in  public  matters.  In  religion, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  was  also  connected  with  the  I.  0. 
0.  P.  and  the  P.  &  A.  M.  societies.  His  successful  career  was  due  to  his  own  untiring 
energy  and  natural  aptitude  for  business.  His  judgment  and  knowledge  of  men  and 
affairs  made  him  one  of  the  most  complete  men  of  his  day.  His  integrity  and  fairness 
won  the  confidence  and  love  of  all  who  knew  him.    As  a  citizen  he  was  progressive, 


^:^f^t,i^6c^o^c^e^    A^.  /fpp^  ^ 


BI06HAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  689 


public  spirited,  enterprising  and  liberal,  and  his  death  was  a  severe  loss  to  the  busi- 
ness interests  of  the  community. 

Fbedeeick  W.  Gkaves,  of  the  firm  of  Mathers,  Graves  &  Company,  was  born 
in  Ithaca,  New  York,  May  5,  1853,  and  is  a  son  of  Eev.  Frederick  W.  and  Susan  E. 
(Hayt)  Graves.  He  is  a  descendant,  on  his  father's  side,  from  Thomas  Graves,  who 
came  to  America  from  England  before  1645,  and  settled  at  Hartford,  Connecticut. 
His  grandfather.  Col.  Eufus  Graves,  and  great-gpandfather,  Stephen  Hayt,  were  sol- 
diers in  the  Eevolutionary  War,  the  former  serving  in  Captain  Merximan's  company, 
and  also  in  Capt.  John  Bacon's  company,  from  Connecticut.  His  father  was  bom 
in  Andover,  Massachusetts,  in  1806,  graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1834,  and 
followed  the  ministry  all  his  life,  dying  in  Canandaigua,  New  York,  in  1864.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John  C.  Hayt,  of  Coming,  New  York,  and  died  in 
1890.  They  were  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Helen  A.,  wife  of  Andrew 
Parker,  of  Buffalo;  Edward  P.,  president  of  the  Corning  Manufacturing  Company, 
of  Corning;  Mary  E.,  also  a  resident  of  Corning,  and  Frederick  W.  The  last  men- 
tioned was  ediieated  in  the  Coming  public  schools  and  Alfred  University.  When 
fifteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  employ  of  S.  T.  Hayt,  proprietor  of  a  flouring  mill 
at  Corning,  for  whom  he  worked  three  years.'  In  1873  he  engaged  with  Phelps, 
Dodge  &  Company,  and  in  1874,  when  they  opened  their  Wellsboro  office  under  the 
title  of  the  Pennsylvania  Joint  Land  &  Lumber  Company,  he  was  given  employment 
there,  and  remained  with  them  up  to  1878.  He  then  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
store  of  C.  C.  Mathers,  and  the  iirm  of  C.  C.  Mathers  &  Company  existed  until  1885, 
when  another  partner  was  admitted,  and  the  firm  has  since  been  Mathers,  Graves  & 
Company,  Limited.  Mr.  Graves  was  married  April  38,  1881,  to  Nellie,  youngest 
daughter  of  John  N.  Bache,  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  two  children,  Martha  B.  and 
Sarah  S.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  borough  auditor  six  years 
and  school  director  three  years,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  Wellsboro. 

Feedeeick  K.  Weight  was  bom  in  Athens,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
March  11, 1835,  a  son  of  Capt.  Jason  K.  and  Maria  (Ely)  Wright,  of  that  place.  He 
was  reared  in  his  native  county,  removed  to  Tioga  county  in  1859,  and  in  1861  formed 
a  partnership  with  John  AV.  Bailej',  under  the  firm  name  of  Wright  &  Bailey,  and 
carried  on  a  general  store  in  Wellsboro  for  twenty  years.  In  1873  he  became  inter- 
ested with  others  in  establishing  the  tannery  at  Stokesdale,  with  which  he  was  con- 
nected some  years,  during  which  period  he  was  also  interested  in  the  lumber  business. 
In  1883  Mr.  Wright  practically  retired  from  active  business,  but  is  still  interested 
in  several  business  enterprises  in  Wellsboro.  Prom  1885  to  1894  he  was  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Wellsboro  Gazette.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Wellsborough  Na- 
tional Bank,  and  was  vice-president  of  that  institution  from  January,  1896,  up  to 
January,  1897.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Wellsboro  Water  Company  and  a  director 
in  the  Wellsboro  Building  and  Loan  Association.  On  February  11, 1863,  Mr.  Wright 
married  Ellen  M.  Lowrey,  a  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Lowrey,  of  which  union  two 
daughters  survive,  Mary  L.  and  Louise.  The  family  are  adherents  of  St.  Paul's  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Wright  has  always  been  one  of  the  leading  Democratic 
politicians  in  the  county,  and  in  1893  was  his  party's  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
Sixteenth  Congressional  district.  Though  defeated,  he  polled  the  full  vote  of  his 
party,  and  drew  a  considerable  vote  from  the  opposition.  As  a  slight  recognition 
44 


g90  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  his  services,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Wellsboro  in  1895,  which  office  he 
has  since  filled  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  Enterprising,  progressive  and  publio- 
spirited,  he  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  his 
adopted  home. 

William  Van  Horn  was  bom  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  there  learned 
the  blacksmith's  trade,  later  removing  to  Blooming  Grove,  liycoming  county,  where 
he  followed  his  trade  until  his  death  in  1836.  He  married  Susan  Thompson,  and 
reared  a  family  of  five  children,  viz:  Benjamin  T.,  of  Wellsboro;  Phineas,  deceased; 
Nancy,  wife  of  John  Bliss,  of  Charleston  township,  and  William  B.  and  Deborah, 
both  deceased.  Mrs.  Van  Horn  survived  her  husband  over  forty  years,  and  died  in 
1883,  aged  seventy-five. 

Benjamin  T.  Van  Horn,  eldest  child  of  William  Van  Horn,  was  born  near 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  July  6,  1815,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  the  Wellsboro  Academy.  When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  cabinet  shop 
of  David  Caldwell,  to  learn  that  trade,  and  after  a  five  years'  apprenticeship  opened 
a  shop  of  his  own  in  Wellsboro.  Here  he  continued  for  fifteen  years  manufacturing 
all  work  by  hand.  In  1850  he  fitted  his  factory  with  machinery,  and  continued 
the  business  until  1873,  when  he  sold  it  to  his  son,  Rankin  L.,  and  son-in-law, 
N.  T.  Chandler,  who  carried  on  the  business  up  to  1894.  Mr.  Van  Horn  married 
Nancy  Bliss,  and  reared  six  children,  viz:  Mary  J.,  wife  of  N.  T.  Chandler,  of  Wells- 
boro; William  D.,  who  was  killed  while  a  soldier  in  the  Union  aimy;  Eankin  L., 
of  Wellsboro;  Benjamin  C,  deceased;  Helen,  wife  of  James  Shaw,  of  Wellsboro, 
and  Charles,  a  resident  of  Moberly,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Van  Horn  died  February  17, 
1870,  and  her  husband  married  Mrs.  Harriet  Stevens.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  he  is  connected  with  the  Masonic 
order.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  on  the  school  board  and  bor 
ough  council. 

Eankin  L.  Van  Horn,  of  the  firm  of  E.  L.  Van  Horn  &  Son,  booksellers  and 
stationers,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  November  16,  1843,  and  is  the 
oldest  living  son  of  Benjamin  T.  and  Nancy  Van  Horn.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  began  painting  furni- 
tiire  in  his  father's  factory,  and  so  continued  up  to  January,  1873,  when  he  and  his 
brother-in-law,  N.  T.  Chandler,  purchased  the  business,  which  they  continued  up 
to  1894.  On  February  7,  1873,  Mr.  Van  Horn  bought  the  book  and  stationery 
store  of  B.  C.  &  L.  R.  Van  Horn,  since  carried  on  by  himself  and  son  under  the  firm 
name  of  E.  L.  Van  Horn  &  Son.  On  September  19,  186(5,  Mr.  Van  Horn  married 
(Jornelia  E.  Chubbuck,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Levi  Chubbuck,  of  Wellsboro.  Two  chil- 
dren blessed  this  union,  viz:  Sadie,  who  died  at  the  age  of  one  year,  and  Lewis  E., 
manager  of  the  book  store  of  B.  L.  Van  Horn  &  Son.  Mr.  Van  Horn  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.;  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  has  served  in  the  borough  council. 

WiLLiAir  B.  Van  Horn,  youngest  son  of  William  Van  Horn,  was  bom  near 
Williamsport,  Lycoming  county,  in  1822,  and  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade  in 
youth.  He  came  to  Wellsboro  in  1843,  followed  his  trade  a  few  years,  and  then 
learned  shoemaking,  which  he  continued  to  work  at  the  remaining  years  of  his  life. 
He  married  Amanda  Green,  of  Charleston  township,  to  which  union  were  bom  three 
children,  viz:    Nancy,  who  died  at  the  age  of  two  years;   Jenetta,  who  died  at  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  691 


age  of  eleven  years,  and  William  D.,  now  president  of  the  Wellsborough  National 
Bank.     Mr.  Van  Horn  died  in  April,  1893;  his  widow  resides  with  her  son. 

William  D.  Van  Hokn,  president  of  the  Wellsborough  National  Bank,  was 
born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  October  31,  1863,  was  reared  in  Wells- 
boro,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  High  School  of  that  town  and  at  Eastman 
Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution 
in  December,  1879.  He  then  became  book-keeper  for  Mathers,  Graves  &  Company, 
Januai-y  1,  1880,  and  remained  with  them  for  three  years.  He  next  accepted  a 
position  as  book-keeper  in  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  remained 
up  to  October,  1888,  when  he  was  appointed  cashier  of  the  Wellsborough  National 
Bank.  He  filled  that  position  until  January  14,  1896,  on  which  date  he  was  elected 
president  of  that  institution,  one  of  the  leading  banks  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Van  Horn  was  married  April  12,  1887,  to  Miss  Carrie  E.  Allen,  a  niece  of  Hon. 
Henry  Sherwood,  of  Wellsboro.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children:  William 
A.,  Edith  and  Howard  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Van  Horn  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  he  is  one  of  the  enterprising,  progressive,  and  substantial  business  men 
of  Wellsboro. 

Noeman  T.  Chandler,  undertaker,  was  born  in  Granville,  New  York,  December 
8,  1833,  a  son  of  Charles  and  Clarinda  B.  (Averill)  Chandler.  His  father,  a  son  of 
Daniel  Chandler,  was  born  in  New  York  state,  June  13,  1794,  learned  the  wagon- 
maker's  trade  in  boyhood,  and  followed  that  business  until  his  death,  June  21,  1837. 
His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Jesse  Averill,  of  Granville,  and  had  the  following  chil- 
dren: Charles  M.,  Minerva  and  Jjyman  A.,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  John  J.,  of  New- 
ark, New  Jersey;  Edgar  D.,  a  merchant  of  Cambridge,  New  York;  Daniel  L.,  Evelyn 
and  Eobert  S.,  all  deceased;  Norman  T.,  and  Frederick  I.,  a  merchant  of  Granville, 
New  York.  When  eight  years  old  Norman  T.  went  to  live  with  his  eldest  brother, 
Charles,  at  Elba,  New  York.  There  he  received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
school  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  engaged  in  clerking  in  a  general  store  in  Brock- 
port,  New  York,  where  he  remained  three  years.  He  next  clerked  in  a  drug  store 
in  Elmira  one  year,  and  in  September,  1852,  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  and 
clerked  for  John  E.  Jones  two  years.  Going  to  Eockford,  Illinois,  he  clerked  there 
one  year  and  then  returned  to  Wellsboro,  and  continued  the  same  occupation  for 
John  E.  Bowen  for  two  years.  The  following  year  he  worked  in  Fredonia,  New 
York,  and  later  was  station  agent  at  Oneida,  Illinois,  for  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  railroad.  Eetuming  to  New  York  state,  he  clerked  in  Watertown  for 
nine  years,  in  Penn  Yan  for  one  year,  and  then  went  to  Lansing,  Michigan,  and  later 
to  Detroit.  In  1870  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  and  entered  the  store  of  his  father- 
in-law,  Benjamin  T.  Van  Horn,  for  whom  he  clerked  two  years.  In  January,  1872, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother-in-law,  Eankin  L.  Van  Horn,  and  they 
continued  in  business  as  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  furniture  and  undertaking 
until  January  1,  1895,  when  W.  D.  Van  Horn  acquired  E.  L.  Van  Horn's  interest. 
In  March,  1896,  when  the  furniture  business  was  purchased  by  Fred  W.  Siemens, 
Mr.  Chandler  continued  the  undertaking  business.  Mr.  Chandler  was  married 
August  22,  1862,  to  Mary  J.  Van  Horn,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  T.  Van  Horn.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  both  Lodge  and 


692  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY 

Encampment,  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  latter  for  the  past  twelve  years.  Mr. 
Chandler  is  one  of  the  sound,  progressive  men  of  the  community. 

CAEt  L.  Siemens  was  born  in  Germany,  February  29,  1828;  there  obtained  a 
college  education  and  graduated  from  a  medical  institxition  in  his  native  land.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  3853,  and  located  at  Leeds,  Massachusetts,  where  he 
practiced  his  profession,  and  was  a  member  of  the  staff  in  a  hospital  for  four  years. 
In  1857  he  moved  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  accept  a  clerkship 
in  the  office  of  the  Bingham  estate,  which  position  he  filled  for  twenty-two  years, 
resigning  in  1879  to  become  a  book-keeper  in  the  United  States  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  filled  that  position  up  to  1893,  when  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign.  Mr.  Siemens  married  Rachel  Hiltbold,  in  1855,  who  bore 
him  a  family  of  five  children,  viz:  Mary  J.,  wife  of  J.  D.  Locke,  of  Wellsboro;  George 
H.,  who  resides  in  the  west;  Fred  W.  and  Eobert  C,  residents  of  Wellsboro,  and 
Frank  L.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Siemens  died  March  29,  1883.  Mr.  Siemens  resided  in 
Wellsboro  with  his  children  until  his  death,  April  24,,  1897. 

Feed  W.  Siemens,  a  son  of  Carl  L.  and  Rachel  Siemens,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  October  29, 1860.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  when  seventeen  years  old  began  clerking  in  the  store  of  Harrington  & 
Todd,  and  latp  filled  a  similar  position  in  the  store  of  Max  Bemkopf,  in  all  a  period 
of  five  years.  He  then  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  clerked  for  Lansburg  & 
Brother  two  years,  then  returned  to  Wellsboro  and  spent  one  year  with  Mr.  Bemkopf. 
At  the  end  of  this  time  he  became  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  Mathers,  Graves 
&  Company,  of  Wellsboro,  the  partnership  dating  from  March  4,  1885,  since  which 
year  he  has  been  the  firm's  buyer  of  all  dry  goods  handled  by  them.  Mr.  Siemens 
_was  married  September  6,  1893,  to  Marion  Simpson,  a  daughter  of  the  late  R.  C. 
Simpson,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  a  K.  T.  in  that  order, 
and  has  been  chairman  of  the  Republican  county  committee,  to  which  party  he  has 
always  given  his  support. 

Adolphus  D.  Spalding,  a  son  of  Howard  and  Lucy  Spalding,  was  born  in 
Troy,  Bradford  county,  April  37, 1813,  his  parents  being  members  of  pioneer  families 
of  that  county.  His  boyhood  and  youth  were  spent  on  the  farm,  his  education  being 
acquired  in  the  common  schools.  I'or  several  years  during  his  early  manhood  he 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  as  a  clerk  in  Smithfield  and  Troy,  and  for  a  time 
also  in  farming.  From  1851  to  1853,  he  was  a  deputy  sheriff  and  resided  in  Towanda. 
After  returning  to  Troy,  he  resumed  farming  for  a  few  years,  until  appointed  rail- 
road station  agent  at  Troy.  He  held  this  position  until  1865,  when  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Troy,  and  served  through  Johnson's  administration.  In  June,  1873, 
he  came  to  Wellsboro,  and,  in  partnership  with  L.  D.  Taylor,  purchased  the  drug 
business  formerly  carried  on  by  John  Pierce,  then  deceased.  A  year  later  he  sold 
his  interest  to  Mr.  Taylor,  and  with  his  son,  M.  G.  Spalding,  bought  out  the  drug 
store  of  Dr.  M.  L.  Bacon,  in  the  Wilcox  block.  Here  they  continued  until  the  block 
just  south  of  the  Coles  House  Avas  completed,  when  they  moved  into  the  corner  store 
room,  which  had  been  fitted  up  for  their  use.  In  1884  they  sold  the  business  to  Mr. 
Spalding's  son,  George  M.,  and  he  lived  retired  until  his  death,  February  22,  1887. 
Mr.  Spalding  was  twice  married.  His  first  marriage  took  place  November  i,  1842, 
to  liaura  A.  Morse,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  Morse,  of  Troy.     She  bore  him  one  child. 


BIOQBAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  gQg 


Dallas  P.,  a  resident  of  Titusville,  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Spalding  died  July  25,  1847, 
and  on  December  17,  1851,  he  married  Sarah  Conklin  McDowell,  a  daughter  of 
Addison  and  Louise  McDowell,  of  Burlington,  Bradford  county.  To  this  union 
there  were  born  three  children,  viz:  Morell  G.,  a  resident  of  Bradford,  McKean 
county;  George  M.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Fannie,  who  mai-ried  E.  A.  Van  Valkenburg, 
of  "Wellsboro,  and  who  died  June  29,  1892,  leaving  one  daughter,  Florence.  Mr. 
Spalding  was  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but  was  not  active  as  a  politician  or  office  seeker. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  as  a  business  man  and  citizen  was  highly 
esteemed  for  his  enterprise,  public  spirit  and  sterling  Integrity. 

George  M.  Spalding,  son  of  A.  D.  and  Saxah  Spalding,  was  born  in  Troy, 
Pennsylvania,  December  12,  1860,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Troy 
and  Wellsboro.  In  1875,  when  but  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  began  clerking  in  his 
father's  drug  store  in  Wellsboro,  continuing  until  1884,  when  he  purchased  the  busi- 
ness, and  carried  it  on  with  marked  success  until  1894,  when  he  sold  out  to  E.  E. 
Hyer^of  the  present  firm  of  Hyer  &  Howd.  For  a  short  time  after  disposing  of  his 
drug  business  Mr.  Spalding  was  engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  In  December, 
1894,  he  embarked  in  the  coal  and  warehouse  business,  which  has  since  claimed  his 
attention.  Mr.  Spalding  was  married  October  13, 1882,  to  Florence  Webb,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  W.  W.  Webb,  of  Wellsboro.  They  have  had  two  children,  viz:  Madge, 
deceased,  and  Mildred.  In  politics,  Mr.  Spalding  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  served 
as  borough  auditor;  is  the  present  treasurer  of  the  school  board,  and  is  also  a  director 
in  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  an  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  a  past  officer  in 
the  lodge,  chapter  and  commandery  of  the  Masonic  order.  Mr.  Spalding  is  a  popu- 
lar and  progressive  business  man,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  every  enterprise  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  best  interests  of  Wellsboro. 

Datid  Gaednek,  president  of  the  Wellsboro  Building  and  Loan  Association, 
was  bom  in  Windsor,  Broome  county,  New  York,  July  9,  1807,  a  son  of  Nathan  and 
Charlotte  (Tompkins)  Gardner.  He  attended  school  in  early  boyhood  for  a  brief 
period,  and  at  ten  years  of  age  began  to  malie  his  own  living,  working  at  anything 
he  could  get  to  do.  Later  he  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  in  a  saw-mill, 
and  finally  went  on  the  road  as  a  peddler.  He  located  at  Orcutt  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  opened  a  general  store  in  1847,  which  he  carried  on  successfully  until 
1875.  In  1848  he  was  made  postmaster  at  that  ppint,  but  resigned  in  1850,  and 
was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  which  position  he  filled  five  years.  He  was  again 
appointed  postmaster  in  1861,  and  served  continuously  until  1875.  From  the  latter 
year  to  1880,  he  was  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  he  came  to 
Wellsboro,  where  he  embarked  in  business  with  his  son.  In  1883  he  obtained  a 
charter  for  the  Wellsboro  Building  and  Loan  Association,  of  which  he  was  the  first 
vice-president,  and  since  1886  has  been  president.  Mr.  Gardner  was  married  Sep- 
tember 29,  1829,  to  Florilla  White,  of  Vermont,  and  has  two  children,  Levi  A.,  of 
Wellsboro,  and  Lysander  B.,  of  Elmira,  New  York.  Mrs.  Gardner  died  October  11, 
1880,  aged  seventy-four  years.  Mr.  Gardner  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Wells- 
boro, being  now  in  his  ninetieth  year. 

Levi  A.  Gabdnee  was  bom  in  Unadilla,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  March  16, 
1831,  eldest  child  of  David  Gardner,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  State.  He 
came  to  Tioga  county  in  1866,  and  opened  a  grocery  store  in  Wellsboro,  which  he 


694  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

carried  on  for  seven  years,  and  then  engaged  in  the  insurance  business,  as  secretary 
of  the  Wellsboro  Building  and  Loan  Association,  which  position  he  has  filled  ia  a 
satisfactory  manner  up  to  the  present. 

Julius  C.  Wheelee  was  bom  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  January  17, 
1831,  a  son  of  Harry  and  Lucina  Wheeler.  He  received  a  common  school  education, 
and" when  sixteen  years  old  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  ia 
lumbering  on  Pine  creek.  By  industry  and  economy  he  acciimulated  a  small  capital, 
and  in  1857  located  in  "Wellsboro  and  embarked  in  the  grocery  and  provision  busi- 
ness, making  a  specialty  of  wholesaling  supplies  to  lumber  camps,  railroad  construc- 
tion crews,  and  others  demanding  groceries  and  provisions  in  large  quantities.  He 
also  dealt  in  coal  and  builders'  supplies.  After  the  completion  of  the  railroad  to 
Wellsboro,  his  office,  yards  and  store  house  were  near  the  station.  Here  he  carried 
on  his  various  enterprises  until  July  27, 1883,  when  he  was  run  down  by  a  locomotive 
engine  and  killed.  Mr.  Wheeler  was  married  February  5,  1857,  to  Emily  E.  Bartle, 
a  daughter  of  Augustiis  and  Cynthia  Bartle,  to  which  union  were  born  eight  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Emily  Jeanett,  wife  of  C.  A.  Willcox,  of  Delmar;  Irene  Lucina, 
wife  of  Harvey  B.  Leach,  a  well-known  member  of  the  Tioga  county  bar;  Harry  D., 
of  Wellsboro;  Hattie,  wife  of  John  W.  Moyer,  a  school  teacher  of  Philadelphia; 
ISTellie,  wife  of  Elmer  E.  Benjamin,  of  Delmar;  Mary,  wife  of  Arthur  M.  Keeney, 
of  Keeneyville;  Luella,  wife  of  J.  George  March,  a  teacher  in  the  Wellsboro  High 
School,  and  Kate,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Wheeler  was  a  thorough  business  mau 
and  scrupulously  honorable  in  all  his  dealings.  In  the  conduct  of  his  business  affairs 
he  was  active,  enterprising  and  energetic.  As  a  citizen,  he  was  public-spirited  and 
progressive,  and  as  a  man,  esteemed  and  respected  for  his  integrity.  In  politics,  he 
was  a  Eepubliean.  He  filled  the  office  of  burgess  two  years,  being  elected  witJiout 
opposition  or  eilort  on  his  part. 

John  Jacob  Bukgin  was  bom  near  Basle,  Switzerland,  September  18,  1818, 
from  an  old  and  honored  family.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  country  and 
there  married  Jacobea  Kudin.  Of  the  children  bom  to  this  union,  the  following 
named  grew  to  maturity:  John  Jacob,  who  was  killed  by  the  railroad  cars  in  Buffalo, 
New  York,  in  July,  1893;  Maria  Louise,  wife  of  Stephen  Flick,  of  Williamspoit, 
Pennsylvania;  Emma,  who  died  in  Georgia;  Eudolph,  Bertha,  wife  of  V.  A.  Putnam, 
of  Kane,  Pennsylvania,  and  Minnie  E.,  who  resides  in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Burgin  was 
a  man  of  wealth  and  influence  in  his  native  land,  where  he  filled  an  honorable  office  in 
the  revenue  department  of  the  republic.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  rifle  corps, 
and  like  nearly  all  his  countrymen  was  an  expert  marksmen.  Having  lost  his  prop- 
erty by  indorsing  for  others,  he  came  to  the  United  States  in  October,  1867,  and  lived 
for  a  time  near  Elk  Eun,  Potter  county,  whence  he  removed  to  Wellsboro  and  later 
to  Knoxville,  Tennessee.  In  1872  he  returned  to  Wellsboro  and  opened  a  bakery 
which  he  conducted  until  j  890,  when  he  sold  out  to  0.  G.  Padgett.  He  died  August 
31,  1892,  aged  seventy-four  years.  His  widow,  who  is  now  eighty  years  of  age, 
resides  in  Wellsboro.  Although  prominent  in  public  affairs  in  his  native  laud,  Mr. 
Burgin,  after  coming  to  this  country,  refrained  from  active  participation  in  politics, 
devoting  his  whole  attention  to  business  matters.  His  youngest  daughter,  Minnie 
E.,  is  the  proprietor  of  the  "Candy  Kitchen"  in  Wellsboro,  which  she  has  successfully 
carried  on  for  several  years.     She  is  a  deputy  state  organizer  of  the  Ladies  of  the 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  395 


Maccabees,  holds  the  office  of  sergeant  in  the  Great  Hiye  of  the  State,  and  to  her 
efforts  has  been  largely  due  the  rapid  growth  of  that  order  in  Tioga  county. 

Jesse  Locke,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Cincinnatus,  Cortland  county,  Kew  York,  April 
3, 1804,  a  son  of  Jesse  Locke,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  married  Eebecca  Merritt 
and  reared  a  family  of  nine  children.  His  father  died  in  1813  and  his  mother  in 
1848.  On  May  13,  1834,  he  married  Lura  Eexford,  a  native  of  Hartford,  Connecti- 
cut, born  January  23,  1804,  to  which  union  were  born  eleven  children,  six  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Jane,  who  married  "William  Thompson;  Lovisa  L.,  and  Sarah 
M.,  widow  of  Silas  X.  Billings,  both  residents  of  Wellsboro;  Fannie  M.,  wife  of  L. 
A.  Sears;  Jesse,  a  merchant  of  Wellsboro,  and  Job  D.  The  last  mentioned  was  a 
well-known  farmer  and  died  at  his  home  in  "Wellsboro,  February  38,  1889,  in  the 
forty-eighth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  an  industrious,  substantial  citizen  and  enjoyed 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  neighbors.  In  1843  Mr.  Locke  and  family  removed  to 
Tioga  county  and  settled  on  Pine  creek,  in  Shippen  township,  where  he  was  exten- 
sively engaged  in  lumbering.  He  owned  large  tracts  of  timber  lands  and  operated 
several  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill  on  Pine  creek;  also  carried  on  a  general  store  in 
"Wellsboro,  and  was  one  of  the  successful  business  men  of  that  period.  He  died  at 
his  home  on  Pine  creek,  July  13, 1849.  In  the  spring  of  1851  his  widow  and  family 
removed  to  "Wellsboro,  where  Mrs.  Locke  died  December  3, 1874.  She  was  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  an  earnest  Christian  woman. 

Jesse  Locke  was  born  in  Cortland  county,  New  York,  October  31,  1839,  and 
was  educated  in  the  "Wellsboro  Academy,  being  but  three  years  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  "When  twenty-five  years  of  age  he  embarked  in  merchandising 
at  Gaines,  where  he  still  carries  on  business.  In  "December,  1890,  he  moved  to 
"Wellsboro,  and  in  June,  1896,  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Locke  &  Kelts,  gen- 
eral grocers  and  dealers  in  boots  and  shoes.  Mr.  Locke  was  married  on  February 
36, 1865,  to  Sarah  E.  "W'atrous,  a  daughter  of  James  H.  "Watrous,  of  Gaines.  During 
his  residence  in  Gaines  township,  he  served  as  a  school  director  several  years,  and 
was  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  that  locality  for  a  quarter  of  a  centxiry. 

Ezra  Benedict  Yol'ng  was  born  in  Springfield  township,  Bradford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  October  24,  1846,  a  son  of  Eussell  B-  and  Jemima  (Bailey)  Young. 
His  father  was  bom  in  Middletown,  Connecticut,  in  1307,  and  was  a  son  of  Sylvanus 
and  Betsey  Young,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  came  to  Springfield 
township,  Bradford  county,  in  1837,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  in  1887.  His 
mother  is  still  living  in  that  county.  They  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Elisha,  deceased;  Sarah,  wife  of  H.  A.  Brigham;  Louisa,  wife  of  J.  L.  Spencer; 
"William  E.,  John  W".  and  Asahel  B.,  all  farmers  of  Springfield  township,  Bradford 
county;  Ezra  B.,  of  "Wellsboro;  Ealph  B.,  a  resident  of  Springfield  town- 
ship; Augusta  E.,  wife  of  Colin  "Wood,  and  Darius  M.,  a  farmer  of  Smithfield, 
Bradford  county.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  township,  and  later  Susquehanna  Collegiate  Institute,  at  Towanda,  and  the 
State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1868. 
He  then  taught  school  for  three  years  in  Bradford  and  Juniata  counties,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  he  entered  the  office  of  Hon.  John  I.  Mitchell,  of  Wellsboro,  as  a  law 
student.  During  his  legal  studies  he  also  taught  school.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Tioga  coimty  bar  April  6,  1874,  and  to  the  United  States  district  and  circuit  courts 


ggg  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


in  June,  1880.  Since  his  admission  to  practice  he  has  devoted  but  little  attention 
to  it,  having  been  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  Mr.  Young  was  married  April 
16,  1874,  to  Mary  A.  McElheny,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Adelaide  McElheny, 
of  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  has  two  children,  Adelaide  T.  and  Sarah  L.  The  family 
are  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  Mr.  Young  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order.  In  polities,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  filled  the  offices  of  school  director  and 
notary  public,  aiid  is  one  of  the  substantial  business  men  and  enterprising  citizens 
of  Wellsboro,  where  he  carries  on  one  of  the  leading  hardware  stores  in  the  county. 

George  0.  Deeby,  of  the  firm  of  Derby  &  Son,  boot  and  shoe  merchants,  was 
born  in  Groton,  Massachusetts,  June  7,  1832,  and  is  a  son  of  Oliver  and  Elizabeth 
(Hadley)  Derby,  natives  of  that  State.  He  received  a  common  school  and  academical 
education  in  his  native  town,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  went  to  work  in  a  boot 
and  shoe  factory  as  a  cutter  of  sole  leather.  In  1856  he  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  worked  as  a  shoemaker  until  1866,  in  which  year  he  established  his 
present  business.  In  the  meantime,  on  April  22,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Thirteenth  Pennsylvania  Eeserve,  known  as  the  "Bucktails,"  and  was  discharged  at 
Philadelphia,  on  account  of  disability,  in  November,  1862.  Eetuming  to  Wellsboro 
he  worked  at  his  trade  until  he  started  in  business  for  himself,  some  four  yeaxs  later. 
Mr.  Derby  was  married  in  1856,  to  Susan  P.  Wood,  a  daughter  of  Harvey  Wood, 
and  has  three  children:  George  H.,  Edward  H.  and  Ada  M.,  wife  of  C.  L.  Earns- 
worth,  of  Bradford.  The  family  axe  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  Mr.  Derby  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  E.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
has  served  in  the  borough  council  for  two  years. 

Geoege  H.  Deeby,  of  the  boot  and  shoe  firm  of  George  0.  Derby  &  Son,  was 
born  in  Dudley,  Massachusetts,  July  6,  1857,  and  is  the  oldest  child  of  George  0. 
and  Susan  P.  Derby.  He  was  educated  in  the  Wellsboro  High  School,  and  in  1877, 
when  twenty  years  of  age,  he  was  engaged  as  pitcher  for  the  Homellsville,  New  York, 
baseball  team.  In  the  spring  of  1873  he  again  played  with  the  same  team  for  four 
months,  but  finished  the  season  with  the  Syracuse  club.  In  1879  and  1880  he  played 
with  the  Washington  team  of  the  International  League,  and  in  1881-82  with  the 
Detroit  National  League  club.  In  the  spring  of  1883  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Buffalo  club,  but  after  playing  a  part  of  the  season  his  arm  gave  out  and  he  retired 
from  the  profession.  He  was  a  very  successful  pitcher,  few,  if  any,  excelling  him 
in  that  line.  On  his  retirement  from  the  diamond,  he  entered  his  father's  shoe 
store,  in  which  he  had  purchased  an  interest  in  1881,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  firm.  Mr.  Derby  was  married  September  9, 1880,  to  Ella  A.  Eobin- 
son,  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  two  children,  Frank  H.  and  Ealph.  The  family  attend 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.  societies.  In  politics,  Mr.  Derby  is  a  Eepublican,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
borough  council  for  the  past  eight  years,  and  sei-ved  as  burgess  in  1892  and  1893. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  First  National  Bank,  vice-president  of  the  Wellsboro  Building 
and  Loan  Association,  and  at  present  a  memt>er  of  the  Wellsboro  school  board. 

Noah  Hammond  was  born  in  Glens  Falls,  New  York,  November  7,  1829;  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Williams,  and  in  18.54  located  on  a  farm  in  Charleston  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  named  as 
follows:    William  A.,  a  merchant  of  Wellsboro;   Mary,  wife  of  F.  L.  Dunham,  of 


?(r-    Oy^c 


S— CcsJ^^aty 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


697 


Farmington  township;  Calvin,  deceased;  Eugene,  a  merchant  of  Wellsboro,  and 
Anna  E.  Mr.  Hammond  died  npon  his  farm  April  7,  1873.  His  widow  lives  with 
their  son,  Engene. 

William  A.  Hammond,  of  the  firm  of  W.  A.  Hammond  &  Brother,  grocers, 
was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  November  17, 1854,  and  is  the  eldest 
child  of  Noah  Hammond.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  and  obtained 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Allen's  Business  College,  Elmira,  New 
York.  He  worked  as  a  farm  hand  a  few  years,  then  went  to  Baxelay,  Bradford 
county,  and  took  a  position  as  delivery  clerk  in  a  grocery  store,  which  he  filled  for 
two  years.  In  April,  1884,  he  opened  his  present  store  in  Wellsboro,  and  sold  an 
interest  in  the  same  to  his  brother  Eugene  in  1887,  since  which  time  the  firm  of  W. 
A.  Hammond  &  Brother  has  carried  on  the  business.  On  October  13,  1881,  Mr, 
Hammond  married  Ida  H.  Preble,  a  daughter  of  L.  J.  Preble,  of  Charleston  town- 
ship. They  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  he  is  connected  with  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  present  borough 
council. 

Eugene  Hammond,  youngest  son  of  Noah  Hammond,  was  born  in  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  coimty,.  January  17, 1862,  resided  on  the  farm  until  1887,  and  then 
purchased  an  interest  in  his  brother's  store,  since  which  time  he  has  been  the  junior 
member  of  the  firm  of  W.  A.  Hammond  &  Brother,  general  grocers.  He  married 
Miss  May  B.  MeCallum,  a  daughter  of  William  H.  McCallum,  of  Lawrence  town- 
ship, and  has  one  son,  William  E.     Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

EuDOLPH  Pagan,  Jeweler,  was  bom  in  Switzerland,  December  13, 1840,  a  son  of 
Abraham  and  Mary  (Heuselman)  Pagan,  natives  of  that  country.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  land,  and  there  learned  the  watchmaker's  trade, 
which  he  followed  in  Switzerland  up  to  1867.  In  that  year  he  came  to  New  York 
City,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  a  yeai-  and  a  half,  and  subsequently  spent  ten 
years  and  a  half  in  Elmira,  New  York.  lii  1879  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  worked  a  year  and  a  half  at  his  trade,  and  then  opened  a  store 
with  a  full  line  of  Jewelry,  watches,  clocks  and  silverware,  which  business  he  has 
since  carried  on  successfully.  Mr.  Pagan  was  married  in  Switzerland,  December  30, 
1866,  to  Emma  Kocher,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  Kocher,  to  which  union  have  been 
born  five  children,  three  of  whom  survive,  viz:  Arthur  F.,  a  painter;  Edward  F.,  a 
clerk  in  a  drug  store,  and  Frank.  The  family  are  connected  with  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  Mr.  Pagan  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order.  In  politics,  he  is  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  principles  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

William  Cltmeh  Kbess  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  December,  1846,  a  son  of  George  C.  and  Eliza  Kress.  His  father  was  a  clerk  in 
the  Bingham  land  office  at  Wellsboro  for  many  years,  and  died  June  30,  1860.  His 
mother  died  October  12,  1863.  William  w?is  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  town 
and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools.  He  married  Mary  Adeline  Baehe, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  venerable  William  Bache,  to  which  union  were  bom  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Anna  Mabel,  George  Willipa  Bache, 
and  Maud  Ethel.  Mr.  Kress  spent  his  entire  life  in  Wellsboro,  and  was  one  of  its' 
well-known,  active  business  men.  He  was  engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  later 
carried  on  a  foundry  and  machine  shop  for  several  years.     When  the  water  works 


698  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


plant  was  built,  Mr.  Kress  was  employed  in  its  construction,  and  filled  the  position 
of  superintendent  of  the  works  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  planned  and  super- 
vised the  erection  of  the  Baehe  Auditorium,  comer  of  Pearl  street  and  East  avenue, 
WellshoTo,  completed  in  the  autumn  of  1894  at  a  cost  of  $16,000,  the  principal  por- 
tion of  which  was  contributed  by  his  father-in-law.  Soon  after  the  completion  of 
this  substantial  and  commodious  structure,  Mr.  Kress  began  to  fail  in  health,  and 
died  June  36, 1895,  from  cancer  of  the  stomach.  He  was  one  of  the  progressive  and 
enterprising  citizens  of  the  borough,  and  his  death  was  regretted  by  a  large  circle 
of  friends. 

John  Haeman  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
whither  he  came  from  Adams  county.  He  was  a  miller,  and  built  one  of  the  first 
grist-mills  in  the  county,  near  the  village  of  Liberty,  which  he  operated  up  to  his 
death,  in  1824.  Mr.  Harman  was  twice  married,  and  reared  a  family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren. By  the  first  marriage  there  were  Katie,  Susan,  Betsey,  Thoraas,  Isaac,  John, 
William  and  Henry;  and  by  the  second  marriage,  Andrew,  Daniel  and  Benjamin. 

IsA-4C  Haeman  was  bom  in  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1790,  and  came 
to  Tioga  coimty  with  his  father,  where  he  worked  in  the  mill  built  by  the  latter  until 
1834.  The  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed  on  a  farm  in  Liberty  township.  He 
married  Nancy  Hagenbush,  bom  in  1800,  in  Lehigh  county,  Pennsylvania,  who 
became  the  mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Joseph  H.,  of  "Wellsboro;  Harriet,  deceased; 
Matilda,  deceased  wife  of  David  Landis;  Sarah,  wife  of  John  Whitaker,  of  Kansas; 
Philemon,  a  miller  of  Dundee,  New  York,  and  Lorinda,  wife  of  John  Wiltsey,  of 
Kansas.     Mr.  Harman  died  in  1864,  and  his  wife  in  1878. 

Joseph  H.  Haeman,  treasurer  and  architect  of  the  Wellsboro  Manufacturing 
and  Building  Company,  was  born  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  June  18,  1839, 
and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  went  to 
learn  the  carpenter's  trade  in  Covington,  and  followed  that  business  until  1871,  in 
which  year  he  moved  to  Wellsboro,  and  continued  working  at  his  trade  up  to  1878. 
He  then  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Harman,  Borden  &  Company,  which  was 
finally  merged  into  the  Wellsboro  Manufacturing  and  Building  Company.  Mr.  Har- 
man married  Lucy  Gaylord,  a  daughter  of  Elijah  Gaylord,  of  Covington,  Tioga 
county.  May  4,  1854,  to  which  union  have  been  born  three  children,  viz:  Hattie 
L.,  wife  of  Irwin  Keefer,  of  Wellsboro;  Beverly  W.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
and  Edith,  wife  of  Eaymond  Houghton,  of  Wellsboro.  The  family  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Politically,  Mr.  Harman  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and 
is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  E. 

HoBEET  J.  BoEDEN,  Superintendent  and  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Wellsboro 
Manufacturing  and  Building  Company,  Limited,  was  bom  in  Delhi,  Delaware  county, 
New  York,  March  2,  1844,  a  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Weismore)  Borden.  Hia 
father,  a  machinist  by  occupation,  came  to  Tioga  cotmty  in  1853,  and  located  at 
Niles  Valley,  where  he  followed  lumbering  for  some  years,  afterwards  devoting  his 
attention  to  farming.  He  died  in  January,  1863,  and  his  wife  in  October,  1883. 
Eobert  J.  was  educated  in  the  piiblic  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  in  those  of 
Tioga  county.  On  October  19,  1861,  when  in  his  eighteenth  year,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalr3^  He  served  in  the  battle  of  Slater 
Mountain,  acted  as  orderly  for  General  Pope  at  Second  Bull  Eun,  and  was  sent  on 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  699 


detached  duty  just  prior  to  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged November  21,  1864,  and  was  then  appointed  a  mounted  messenger  to  the 
paymaster  general,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  1870.  Eetuming  to  Tioga 
county,  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering  in  Charleston  township  up  to 
1880,  when  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  industry  of  which  he  is  now  superintendent. 
The  plant  was  established  in  1878,  by  Joseph  H.  Harman  and  Isaac  P.  Borden,  was 
operated  by  Harman,  Borden  &  Company  up  to  May  1,  1893,  and  was  then  merged 
into  a  stock  company,  under  the  title  of  the  "Wellsboro  Manufacturing  and  Building 
Company,  Limited.  They  manufacture  all  kinds  of  builders'  supplies,  buying  most 
of  their  lumber  on  the  stump,  and  do  a  large  contracting  and  buildiag  business, 
employing  twenty-five  hands.  Mr.  Borden  was  married  July  15,  1864,  to  Miss 
Tannie  B.  Monshower,  of  Carroll  county,  Maryland,  who  has  borne  him  six  children, 
viz:  William,  who  died  in  infancy;  Minnie  M.,  wife  of  ¥.  H.  Smith,  of  Wellsboro; 
Lolo  E.,  wife  of  L.  E.  Van  Horn,  of  the  same  place;  William  E.,  Catharine  and  Eloise. 
The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Mr.  Borden  is  con- 
nected with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  served  as  school  director, 
councilman  and  burgess  of  Wellsboro. 

Alfred  I.  Nichols,  of  the  firm  of  A.  I.  Nichols  &  Son,  millers,  was  bom  in 
Addison,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  February  16,  1837,  a  son  of  Alfred  and  Mary 
(Drew)  Nichols,  natives  of  Ehode  Island  and  Maine,  respectively.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age 
began  farming  at  Tuscarora,  Steuben  county,  and  followed  that  business  until  1885, 
when  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  opened  a  hardware  store  on  Main  street.  He  car- 
ried on  this  business  four  yeajs,  then  sold  out  and  purchased  the  mill  property,  which 
he  has  since  owned  and  operated.  Mr.  Nichols  married  Sarah  E.  Bache,  a  daughter 
of  the  venerable  William  Bache,  of  Wellsboro,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  six 
children,  viz:  Anna  B.,  Emily  D.,  wife  of  C.  E.  Converse;  William  B.,  a  member  of  the 
firm;  Enos  A.,  Maud  and  Blanche.  Mr.  Nichols  and  wife  attend  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  Their  son  William,  now  known  as  William  Bache,  Jr.,  was  bom 
in  Tuscarora,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  June  19,  1873,  and  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  town  and  the  Wellsboro  High  School.  The  firm  car- 
ries on  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  and  ship  their  flour  to  all  parts  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

CoL.  Justus  Daett,  a  soldier  of  the  Eevolution,  and  after  that  a  colonel  in  the 
Vermont  militia,  settled  in  what  is  now  known  as  Dartt  settlement,  in  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1811.  He  was  one  of  the  county 
commissioners  in  1815,  and  in  1817  was  appointed  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Wells- 
boro Academy.  When  he  came  to  the  county  he  purchased  160  acres  of  land,  built 
his  cabin  in  the  midst  of  the  primitive  forest,  and  settled  down  to  make  for  himself 
and  family  a  home.  He  followed  lumbering  and  farming  up  to  his  death,  July  5, 
1838,  aged  eighty-one  years.  His  wife,  Hannah,  departed  this  life  January  14, 1844, 
at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-six.  They  were  the  founders  of  the  Dartt  family  of  Tioga 
county,  and  have  numerous  descendants  in  this  section  of  the  State. 

Cteus  Daett,  a  son  of  Col.  Justus  and  Hannah  Dartt,  was  bom  in  Castleton, 
Vermont,  October  35, 1800,  and  was  about  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents  settled 
in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county.     He  followed  farming  all  his  life,  residing 


700  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

on  the  farm  settled  by  his  father.  In  1830  he  married  Lydia  Kelley,  who  bore  him 
a  family  of  eight  children,  viz:  Horace,  Solon  S.,  Hiram  W.,  Charles  N.,  Lydia, 
Irena  M.,  Fidelia  H.  and  Amelia  E.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  again  married  in  1837, 
to  Matilda  Sweet,  to  which  union  were  born  three  children:  Albert,  Elenora  and 
HajQnah.  Mr.  Dartt  died  in  1883  in  Wellsboro,  having  spent  his  entire  life  in  this 
■  county  and  principally  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Charleston  township. 

HiEAM  W.  Daett,  third  son  of  Cyrus  and  Lydia  (Kelley)  Dartt,  was  born  on 
the  homestead  farm  in  the  Dartt  settlement,  October  17,  1835,  and  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  of  his  neighborhood.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  working 
at  the  carpenter's  trade,  but  two  years  later  engaged  with  S.  B.  Kendall,  of  WellsboTo, 
to  learn  wagon  making.  Six  months  afterwards  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
business,  and  has  followed  the  trade  up  to  the  present  time.  In  1888  he  sold  the 
manufacturing  plant  and  business  to  his  son,  A.  P.  Dartt.  In  1854  Mr.  Daxtt  mar- 
ried Adeline  Potter,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  viz:  Edgar  S.,  Franklin  H., 
assistant  superintendent  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  at  Arnot;  Effie,  wife  of 
Mark  L.  Smith,  of  Scranton;  Albert  P.,  Robert  E.,  Arthur  H.  and  Addie.  The 
family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the 
Eepublican  party. 

Edgah  S.  Daett,  eldest  son  of  Hiram  "W.  Dartt,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  December  19, 1855;  received  a  common  school  education,  and  later  worked  for 
ten  years  in  the  paint  shop  of  E.  L.  Mack.  In  1888,  in  partnership  with  Wisehart 
&  Keefer,  he  bought  the  present  plant.  It  was  burned,  then  rebuilt,  and  leased 
by  himself  and  brother,  Albert  P.  Mr.  Dartt  was  married  November  18, 1896,  to  Mrs. 
Lovina  L.  Longwell,  a  daughter  of  James  Hall,  of  Charleston  township.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Dartt  is  a  Eepublican;  was  tax  collector  of  the  borough  from  1888  to  1890,  and 
filled  the  office  of  constable  from  1888  to  1893.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church. 

Albeet  p.  Daett,  son  of  Hiram  W.  Dartt,  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county, 
December  11, 1861,  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  when  sixteen 
years  of  age  entered  his  father's  shop  to  learn  the  wagon-making  trade.  In  1888  he 
and  his  brother,  Edgar  S.,  purchased  the  business  from  their  father,  and  have  since 
conducted  it,  manufacturing  all  kinds  of  wagons  and  sleighs,  and  giving  employment 
to  twelve  men.  They  also  carry  on  in  connection  with  the  factory  a  retail  harness 
store.  Mr.  Dartt  was  married  October  13,  1887,  to  Carrie  M.,  daughter  of  Gen. 
Eobert  C.  Cox,  and  has  one  child,  Mildred  M.  Mrs.  Dartt  died  February  34,  1891. 
He  was  married  a  second  time  March  30, 1895,  to  Sarah  M.  Williams,  a  daughter  of 
Orrin  E.  Williams.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  also  of  the  I.  0.  0. 
F.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Aethue  H.  Daett,  youngest  son  of  Hiram  W.  Dartt,  was  born  in  Wellsboro, 
October  19,  1868;  was  educated  in  the  High  School,  and  when  sixteen  years  of  age 
began  working  in  the  blacksmith  shop  in  his  father's  factory.  After  learning  the 
trade,  he  engaged  with  his  brothers,  A.  P.  &  E.  S.  Dartt,  for  whom  he  worked  three 
years,  and  then  went  to  Buffalo,  'Sew  York,  where  he  followed  his  trade  until 
Jamiary  1,  1894,  when  he  again  entered  the  employ  of  his  brothers,  as  assistant 
manager,  which  position  he  now  fills.  He  was  married  August  33,  1894,  to  Miss 
Kate  Van  Valkenburg,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Hattie  (Wilson)  Van  Valkenburg,  of 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  7Q][ 


Wellsboro.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyoga  Lodge,  No.  230,  and  Wellsboro  Encamp- 
ment, No.  78,  I.  0.  0.  F. 

John  Gisin,  tanner  and  dealer  in  hides  and  pelts,  was  bom  in  Switzerland, 
November  18,  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Sebastian  and  Anna  (Prack)  Gisin.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  land,  and  in  1865  immigrated  to  the  United  States.  After  a  few 
months  of  travel  through  the  country,  he  located  in  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  June,  1866,  commenced  learning  the  tanner's  trade  with  C.  F.  Mar- 
graff,  of  that  borough.  He  worked  for  that  gentleman  nine  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Patterson,  New  Jersey,  where  he  purchased  a  fancy  goods  and  millinery  store, 
which  he  conducted  five  years.  Coming  to  Wellsboro  in  1881,  he  purchased  the 
tannery  of  Joseph  EiberoUe,  which  he  carried  on  until  October,  1886,  when  the 
plant  was  burned.  He  immediately  rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale,  and  now  operates  the 
only  tannery  in  the  borough.  Mr.  Gisin  was  married  October  33,  1869,  to  Louisa  A. 
Margraff,  a  daughter  of  Fred  Margraff,  who  has  borne  him  four  children,  viz: 
Anna,  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools;  Nellie,  who  died  at  the  age  of  three  years; 
Mabel,  and  Mattie.  The  family  attend  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Gisin  is  a  Kepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

EoBEBT  H.  Fleming  came  from  Michigan  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1865,  bringing  his  family  with  him.  They  located  at  Tioga,  where  he  worked  at 
shoemaking  for  two  years,  then  moved  to  Stony  Fork,  and  four  years  later  to  Com- 
ing, New  York;  thence  to  Antrim,  and  finally  to  Hoytville,  Tioga  county.  His  vidfe, 
Catherine  (Greek)  Fleming,  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living,  viz:  Adelia  A.,  wife  of  Zealous  Austin,  of  Morris  Eun;  Lester  M.,  of  Wells- 
boro; Martha,  wife  of  H.  L.  Spencer,  of  Delmar;  Addie,  wife  of  Louis  Bulss,  of 
Blossburg,  and  Jennie,  of  the  same  borough.  Mr.  Fleming  died  in  Hoytville,  Au- 
gust 27, 1889.     His  widow  resides  with  her  daughter  in  Blossburg. 

Lestee  M.  Fleming,  of  the  firm  of  Spencer  &  Fleming,  proprietors  of  the  Key- 
stone Flouring  Mills,  was  born  in  Dundee,  Monroe  county,  Michigan,  September 
19,  1859,  and  is  the  only  living  son  of  Eobert  H.  and  Catherine  Fleming.  He  was 
six  years  old  when  the  family  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  he  was  here  educated  in 
the  common  schools.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  employ  of  Alenson 
Spencer,  his  present  partner,  and  after  seven'teen  years  of  faithful  service,  he  bought 
an  interest  in  the  mill,  September  7,  1891,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  firm.  Mr. 
Fleming  was  married  April  27,  1876,  to  Susie  M.  Spencer,  a  daughter  of  Alenson 
Spencer,  and  has  two  children,  Edward  Monroe  and  Alenson  Eobert.  Mr.  Fleming 
is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.  and  has  been  connected  with  the  choir  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  of  Wellsboro  for  the  past  eight  years. 

Lucius  Truman,  a  native  of  Owego,  New  York,  followed  lumbering  on  Pine 
creek  for  twenty-five  years,  and  later  carried  on  the  same  business  in  Wellsboro.  Ho 
served  in  the  Eebellion  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  E,  and  later  as  quartermaster 
of  the  famous  "Buektail"  regiment.  He  married  Mary  P.  Leach,  of  Owego,  New 
York,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Albert  A.,  Hattie,  wife  of  J.  W.  Van 
Valkenberg,  and  Louis  F.,  all  residents  of  Wellsboro;  Elizabeth,  deceased  wife  of 
W.  P.  Bigoney;  Irving  L.,  a  resident  of  Trout  Eun,  Lycoming  county;  Lilla,  and 
Herman  L.,  both  deceased.  Mrs.  Truman  died  in  Owego  in  1863,  aged  forty-six 
years.     He  again  married,  Mary  Doumaux,  who  bore  him  three  children:     Belle, 


YQ2  HISTOEY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 


Edgar,  deceased,  and  Nellie.  Mr.  Truman  died  in  Wellsboro,  in  May,  1890,  aged 
seventy-two  years.     His  widow  resides  in  that  borough. 

Albeet  a.  Teuman,  agent  of  the  American  Express  Company  at  Wellsboro, 
was  bom  in  Owego,  New  York,  October  6,  1841,  and  is  the  eldest  child  o.f  Lucius 
and  Mary  P.  (Leach)  Truman.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  on 
April  25,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  navy,  served  two  months  on  the 
receiving  ship,  Princeton,  and  was  then  assigned  to  duty  as  landsman  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  a  frigate  of  fifty  guns,  upon  which  he  spent  two  years.  He  was  then 
made  yoeman  of  the  bark  Pursuit,  was  later  transferred  to  the  steamer  Union,  and 
was  discharged  in  June,  1863.  Eetuming  to  Owego  he  clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store 
for  a  few  months,  later  followed  the  same  business  at  Corning  one  year,  and  then 
came  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  store  of  0.  BuUard,  which 
he  disposed  of  a  year  later  and  then  clerked  for  Converse  &  Osgood  one  year;  for  J. 
E.  Bowen  two  years,  and  Laugher  Bache  one  year.  He  next  embarked  in  the 
grocery  business,  but  sold  out  at  the  end  of  a  year  and  engaged  in  draying,  which  he 
followed  five  years.  He  then  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  where  he  worked  in  the  gold 
mines  nineteen  months.  Returning  to  Wellsboro,  he  clerked  for  E.  B.  Young  one 
year,  and  then  accepted  the  position  as  station  agent  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad  at 
Middlebury.  Six  months  later  he  went  to  Corning  as  agent  for  the  American  Ex- 
press Company,  and  at  the  end  of  a  year  was  appointed  messenger  for  the  same  com- 
pany on  the  Fall  Brook  railroad.  In  April,  1883,  he  was  transferred  to  Wellsboro, 
where  he  has  since  been  the  agent  of  that  company.  Mr.  Truman  was  married 
November  25, 1868,  to  Amia  Stowell  Bache,  a  daughter  of  John  N.  Bache,  of  Wells- 
boro, who  has  borne  him  three  children,  viz:  Lilla,  who  died  in  infancy;  Minnie  B., 
a  teacher  in  the  Wellsboro  High  School,  and  John  Norris  Bache,  book-keeper  for 
the  Wellsborough  National  Bank.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal church,  in  which  body  Mr.  Truman  is  a  vestryman  and  secretary  of  the  vestry 
for  the  past  three  years.  Mr.  Truman  is  a  member  of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317,  F.  &  A. 
M.;  Tyoga  Chapter,  No.  194,  E.  A.  M.,  of  which  he  is  now  the  Scribe,  and  Tya- 
gaghton  Commandery,  No.  28,  K.  T.  He  is  also  a  member  of  George  Cook  Post,  No. 
315,  G.  A.  E.,  in  which  he  has  filled  the  offices  of  commander  and  adjutant. 

William  O'Connoe  was  bom  in  Carlton  county,  New  Brunswick,  February 
14,  1853.  His  father,  Charles  O'Connor,  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  immigrated 
to  New  Brunswick  in  early  manhood,  where  he  married  Lovina  Birmingham,  who 
bore  him  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  John,  a  resident  of  Stokesdale; 
James  and  William,  of  Wellsboro;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Groom,  of  EoUing  Dam, 
New  Brunswick,  and  Matilda,  wife  of  Zebulon  Oilman,  of  Aroostook  county,  Maine. 
The  father  died  in  1858,  and  his  widow  married  Samuel  Darkis,  since  deceased. 
She  now  resides  in  Aroostook  county,  Maine.  William  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  begain  in  life  for  himself  when  sixteen  years  of  age.  Coming  to 
Wellsboro,  he  accepted  such  employment  as  offered,  later  began  lumbering,  and 
then  engaged  in  general  contracting.  By  constant  industry  and  strict  attention 
to  business,  he  enlarged  his  enterprises  and  widened  the  field  of  his  operations  until 
he  is  now  interested  as  a  partner  in  the  company  stores  at  Amot  and  Landrus,  and 
a  stockholder  in  the  bank  at  Galeton,  Potter  county.  He  also  owns  a  valuable  farm 
in  Morris  township,  and  is  engaged  in  lumbering  operations  at  Nelson  Eun,  Potter 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  703 


county.  Mr.  O'Connor  was  married  May  13,  1873,  to  Martha  Webstei',  a  daughter 
of  J.  E.  Webster,  of  Morris  township,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Lura,  Ada  and 
Edna.  In  1876  he  became  a  resident  of  Morris,  and  lived  there  until  the  spring  of 
1896,  when  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  purchasing  the  residence  of  the  late  Dr.  Hugh 
L.  Davis.  In  polities,  Mr.  O'Connor  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  but  has  never  been  an 
office  seeker,  his  business  affairs  receiving  all  his  time  and  attention.  It  can  be  said 
to  his  credit,  that  from  a  penniless  boy,  he  has,  since  coming  to  Tioga  county,  by  his 
own  efforts  and  energy,  raised  himself  to  a  prominent  place  among  the  successful  bus- 
iness men  of  this  section  of  the  State,  and  that  his  career  has  been  marked  by  a  strict 
adherence  to  honorable  business  methods.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  of  his  business 
associates  and  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens  generally. 

Eev.  M.  J.  Manly,  pas.tor  of  St.  Peter's  Catholic  church  of  Wellsboro,  was  born 
in  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1861,  a  son  of  Michael  J.  and  Mary  H. 
(Judge)  Manly.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Ireland,  his  father  being  bom  and 
reared  in  County  Mayo  and  his  mother  in  County  Limerick.  They  were  married  in 
their  native  land  and  came  to  Wilkes-Barre  in  1854,  where  Mr.  Manly  became  a 
railroad  contractor.  He  died  in  1868,  and  his  wife  in  1873.  They  were  the  parents 
of  the  following  named  children:  Catherine  and  Maria  Josephine,  of  Wilkes-Barre; 
Julia,  who  died  June  27,  1883,  being  then  Sister  Mary  of  St.  Peter,  in  the  Convent 
of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Philadelphia;  Maggie,  who  died  in  February,  1883;  M.  J. 
and  Anthony.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  public  schools  of  Wilkes- 
Barre  in  boyhood,  and  later  spent  a  year  and  a  half  as  a  student  in  the  Protestant 
Seminary  of  Kiingston,  Luzerne  county.  He  then  entered  St.  Bonaventure's  College, 
Allegany,  New  York,  where  took  a  course  in  classics  and  philosophy,  graduating 
with  the  degree  of  B.  A.  He  next  entered  St.  Mary's  Seminary,  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
where  he  completed,  his  theological  course,  and  was  ordained  in  that  city  October  8, 
1883,  by  Cardinal  Gibbons  and  Bishop  Northrup.  He  soon  after  took  charge  of 
a  church  at  Honesdale,  Pennsylvania,  but  within  a  year  was  appointed  pastor  of  St. 
Catherine's  church,  Moscow,  having  charge  also  of  the  churches  at  Tobyhanna, 
Stroudsburg  and  Gouldsboro,  which  pastorate  he  filled  seven  years.  On  November 
17,  1890,  he  took  charge  of  St.  Peter's  church  at  Wellsboro.  He  has  also  imder 
his  care  the  mission  churches  at  Tioga,  Antrim  and  Hoytville,  and  seventeen  ad- 
ditional missions  without  churches  within  the  confines  of  Tioga  county.  Father 
Manly  is  a  popular  priest,  a  very  eloquent  speaker,  and  one  of  the  hardest-working 
priests  in  the  Diocese  of  Seranton. 

Elmee  Bacon,  a  native  of  Vermont,  came  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county, 
early  in  the  present  century  and  settled  near  Round  Top,  where  he  followed  farming 
and  lumbering.  He  married  Mary  Merrick,  a  daughter  of  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  Wellsboro.  Eleven  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows: 
George,  a  resident  of  Nebraska;  Elmer,  deceased;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  W.  P. 
Shumway;  Henry,  a  resident  of  Dakota;  Rebecca,  widow  of  John  A.  McEwen,  of 
Williamsport;  Niram,  a  resident  of  Wisconsin;  Levi  L.,  who  enlisted  in  the  New 
York  Southern  Tier  Rifles  during  the  Rebellion  and  died  at  Georgetown,  D.  C; 
Morgan  L.,  a  physician  of  Wellsboro;  Sarah,  wife  of  E.  E.  Wilson,  of  the  same  place, 
and  David,  deceased.  Mr.  Bacon  died  in  Charleston  township  in  April,  1847,  and 
his  wife  in  1873. 


704  piSTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

MoEGAK  L.  Bacon,  M.  D.,  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county, 
June  19,  1837,  a  son  of  Elmer  and  Mary  Bacon.  After  attending  the  common 
schools  he  became  a  student  in  the  Wellsboro  Academy  and  later  in  Union  Academy, 
at  Academy  Comers,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1857.  After  teaching 
for  a  short  time  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Nelson  Packer,  of  Wells- 
boro, which  he  pursued  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  as  a  hospital  steward  in  the 
Forty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  the  famous  Bucktail  regiment,  and  served 
four  months.  In  July,  1863,  he  raised  Company  E,  of  the  Thirty-fifth  regiment, 
Emergency  Men,  of  which  he  was  commissioned  captain,  and  was  discharged  with 
the  regiment.  Dr.  Bacon  then  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Mansfield,  re- 
maining there  five  years.  In  1868  he  moved  to  Blossburg,  where  he  practiced  until 
1870,  and  then  became  the  physician  of  the  Morris  Eun  Coal  Mining  Company  at 
Morris  Eun,  where  he  practiced  two  years.  In  1872  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  and 
for  the  past  twenty-five  years  has  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession, 
being  to-day  one  of  the  oldest  practitioners  in  the  borough.  On  November  30, 
1863,  Dr.  Bacon  married  Eva  Bailey^  a  daughter  of  John  W.  Bailey,  and  has  three 
children,  viz:  John  E.,  a  physician  of  Buffalo;  Dana  S.,  a  real  estate  dealer  of  Model 
City,  New  York,  and  Morgan  L.,  a  medical  student  in  the  Buffalo  University.  Dr. 
Bacon  is  recognized  as  a  skillful  and  successful  physician  and  stands  high  in  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  a  member  of  the  pension  board  under  Cleveland's  first  adminis- 
tration and  is  secretary  of  the  present  pension  board  of  Tioga  county.  He  is  also 
the  local  surgeon  of  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Company  and  has  built  up  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice.  In  polities,  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  has  served  as  a  school 
director  for  thirteen  years,  and  is  the  present  health  officer  of  Wellsboro.  In  religion, 
Dr.  Bacon  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Hugh  Llewellyn  Davis,  M.  D.,  was  one  of  the  best  known  physicians  of  Tioga 
county  during  his  professional  career.  He  was  bom  at  Summit  Hill,  Carbon  county, 
Pennsylvania,  December  10,  1851,  a  son  of  Eeese  L.  and  Mary  (Evans)  Davis.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Wales  and  came  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1833.  After  a  short  stay  they  removed  to  Carbon  county,  but  many 
years  later  returned  to  Charleston  township,  where  both  resided  until  death,  the 
father  dying  Febmary  16,  1891,  and  the  mother,  June  5,  1892.  They  reared  a 
family  of  eight  children,  Hugh  L.  being  a  small  child  when  the  family  returned  to 
Tioga  county.  Our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  of  Charleston  and  sub- 
sequently the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  He  then  taught  for  five  years  in 
different  parts  of  Tioga  county.  In  1870  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  Nelson  Packer,  of  Wellsboro,  and  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  in  March,  1875.  He  soon  after  opened  an  office  at  Knoxville,  whence 
he  removed  in  1876  to  Amot,  and  a  year  later  to  West  Hampton,  Massachusetts. 
In  the  autumn  of  1879  he  retumed  to  Wellsboro  where  he  soon  built  up  a  large 
practice  and  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  until  his  death,  from 
cerebral  hemorrhage,  December  19,  1895.  Dr.  Davis  was  one  of  those  genial,  large- 
hearted  men  who  had  a  cordial  greeting  for  everj'  one.  His  kindly  and  sympathetic 
nature  and  encouraging  words  in  the  sick  room  drew  many  hearts  to  him.  Ambitious 
and  physically  strong,  charitable,  and  in  love  with  his  profession,  he  was  always 
ready  to  answer  a  call  regardless  of  the  prospect  of  remuneration.     On  June  16, 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  ^QS 


1875,  he  married  Emma  Janette  Karr,  daughter  of  John  Karr,  of  Wellsboro.  His 
widow  and  two  sons,  Hugh  Karr  and  Donald  Llewellyn,  axe  left  to  mourn  the  death 
of  a  kind  husband  and  father.  Dr.  Davis  was  Past  Master  of  Ossea  Lodge,  F.  &  A. 
M.  and  Eminent  Commander  of  Tyagagliton  Commandery.  He  was  also  connected 
with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  Alert  Hose  Company.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he 
was  serving  in  the  borough  council  at  the  time  of  his  death,  the  duties  of  which 
office  he  discharged  with  zeal  and  discretion.  Upon  the  minutes  of  Tyagaghton 
Commandery  is  inscribed  the  following  tribute  to  his  memory: 

As  a  man  and  a  citizen  lie  was  upright,  fair  and  courageous,  and  he  always  en- 
deavored to  do  his  duty  according  to  his  light.  He  never  sought  for  ofBoe  of  emolument, 
taut  willingly  shared  the  burdens  of  the  administration  of  local  government.  He  won 
the  affection  and  esteem  of  all  those  who  employed  him  professionally,  and  his  uniform 
courtesy  to  every  one  made  his  friends  legions. 

As  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  he  has  engraved  his  memory  upon  our 
hearts,  more  lasting  and  enduring  than  can  be  chiseled  upon  tablets  of  stone.  He  has 
fallen  in  life's  battle,  with  his  armor  on,  manfully  fighting  his  way  in  the  foremost  rank, 
a  martyr  to  duty.  , 

Augustus  Niles,  M.  D.,  was  bom  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Tioga  township, 
Tioga  county,  November  10,  1853.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  Augustus  E.  Mies,  a 
grandson  of  Augustus  Niles,  and  a  great-grandson  of  Fathan  Niles,  Sr.,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  the  Tioga  valley.  During  his  boyhood  he  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Tioga  borough,  where  he  obtained  a  good  education.  He  attended  lectures 
at  Bennett  Medical  College,  Chicago,  Illinois,  graduating  from  that  institution  in 
1875,  in  which  year  he  began  practice  at  Nelson,  Tioga  county.  In  1878  he  removed 
to  Keeneyville,  where  he  practiced  fifteen  years.  In  1893  he  located  in  Wellsboro, 
and  has  since  built  up  an  extensive  professional  business  and  is  recognized  as  a  suc- 
cessful physician  and  a  skillful  surgeon.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  state  board 
of  medical  examiners  since  its  creation,  March  4,  1894,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
medical  council  of  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Niles  was  married  April  11,  1875,  to  Mary 
J.  Knuppenburg,  a  daughter  of  Dana  A.  Knuppenburg,  of  Nelson,  and  has  two 
children,  Augustus  and  Jerome  D.  In  politics.  Dr.  Niles  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has 
served  two  terms  as  coroner  of  Tioga  county,  from  1890  to  1896.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  lodge,  chapter  and  commandery  in 
the  Masonic  order. 

Dh.  L.  M.  Johnson  was  born  at  Bethany,  Genesee  county.  New  York,  February 
1'!,  1818,  a  son  of  Nichols  and  Lucy  (Eeynolds)  Johnson,  the  former  a  native  of 
South  Carolina,  and  the  latter  of  New  York.  He  was  educated  at  Bath  and  Geneva, 
New  York,  and  at  the  age  of  thirty  began  reading  medicine  with  Dr.  M.  F.  Babcoek, 
of  Hammondsport,  New  York,  and  later  took  a  course  in  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  then  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine  at  Galesburgh,  Michigan,  where  he  remained  one  year,  and  afterwards 
traveled  a  few  years.  In  1858  he  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  opened  an  office 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Here  he  remained  in  active  practice  until 
1870,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  a  portion  of  his  practice.  He 
removed  to  his  farm  in  Charleston  township,  which  he  had  purchased  in  1869, 
remained  there  three  years,  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  In  1873  he 
returned  to  Wellsboro  and  resumed  practice.    In  1883  he  went  to  North  Dakota,  re- 

45 


"JQQ  HISTOKY     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

maining  there  until  1889.  He  then  returned  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  lived  two 
years,  and  again  took  up  his  residence  on  his  farm.  In  1896  he  returned  to  Wells- 
boro, and  resumed  the  practice  of  medicine.  Dr.  Johnson  has  been  married  twice. 
In  1856  he  married  Elizabeth  Lockwood,  of  New  York.  She  died  in  1857,  and  in 
1866  he  married  Sarah  E.  Wilson,  of  Charleston  township.  They  have  an  adopted 
daughter,  Kate. 

Db.  Joel  Eose  was  bom  in  Eoseville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  June  2, 
1820,  a  son  of  William  Eose,  a  native  of  Eutland,  Vermont,  who  came  to  Tioga 
coimty  in  1806,  and  settled  on  the  site  of  Eoseville,  in  what  is  now  Eutland  township, 
beiQg  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  that  part  of  the  county.  Joel  attended  the  common 
schools  in  boyhood,  and  later  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Abel  Humphrey,  of  Tioga, 
and  graduated  at  Geneva  Medical  College,  Geneva,  New  York.  He  commenced 
practice  at  Eoseville,  where  he  continued  until  1863,  in  which  year  he  removed  to 
Detroit,  Michigan,  and  followed  his  professional  duties  in  that  city  until  his  death, 
July  9,  186^.  Dr.  Eose  married  Alvira  Stevens,  and  reared  a  family  of  four  chil- 
dren, viz:  Celia  D.,  deceased  wife  of  J.  H.  Desrosiers;  Prank  H.,  a  dentist  of  Wells- 
boro; Clara  E.,  wife  of  Charles  Pepper,  of  Chicago,  and  Elizabeth,  deceased.  Mrs. 
Eose  resides  with  her  daughter  in  Chicago. 

Eeank  Hamilton  Eosk,  D.  D.  S.,  was  born  in  Eoseville,  Tioga  county,  August 
16,  1849,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  village,  and  in 
Detroit,  Michigan.  He  studied  dentistry  and  in  May,  1876,  opened  his  present 
ofSce,  where  he  has  since  made  a  specialty  of  operative  dentistry,  and  has  built 
up  a  successful  practice.  Dr.  Eose  married  Emma  Bush,  of  Wellsboro,  September 
29,  1875,  and  has  one  daughter,  Kittie.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  Mrs.  Eose  is  the  only  child  of  Isaac  and  Catherine  (Borden)  Bush. 
Her  father  was  born  in  New  York  state,  February  2,  1832,  came  to  Tioga  county, 
and  located  at  NHes  Valley,  where  he  engaged  extensively  in  the  lumber  business. 
He  afterwards  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  followed  the  boot  and  shoe  business 
a  few  years,  then  returned  to  Niles  Valley,  and  was  killed  in  a  saw-mill,  March  11, 
1872.    His  widow  died  in  1884,  aged  fifty-one  years. 

De.  John  Henky  Sheaeeb  is  one  of  the  oldest  practicing  physicians  in  Tioga 
county.  He  was  bom  in  Delaware  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  16,  1827,  a  son 
of  Henry  and  Catherine  Shearer,  natives  of  the  same  county.  He  was  reared  a 
farmer's  boy,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  enlisted  in  the  Marine  Corps,  at  Phila- 
delphia, for  service  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was  assigned  to  the  line-of-battleship 
lOhio.  He  was  at  the  siege  and  capture  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  when  he  took  up  his  residence  in  the  Qualcer  City  and  began  his  medical 
studies  under  Prof.  A.  E.  Small.  He  graduated  from  what  is  now  Hahnemann 
College,  Philadelphia,  in  the  spring  of  1852,  and  opened  an  office  at  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  practiced  three  years  and  a  half.  In  1856  he  went  to 
Springfield,  Illinois,  spent  some  time  in  travel  through  the  west,  and  practiced 
at  Sprinfield  from  the  fall  of  1856  until  the  spring  of  1859,  when,  because  of  failing 
health,  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  which  has  since  been  his  permanent  home.  Dr. 
Shearer  was  married  in  1858,  to  Hannah  Stanton  Eathbun,  of  Springfield,  who 
died  October  20,  1878,  and  has  one  son  by  that  union,  William  Lincoln,  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Republican  Advocate.    He  married  for  his  second  wife,  Margaret  M. 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  7O7 


Wylie,  a  daughter  of  W.  P.  Wylie,  a  well-known  citizen  of  this  county.  Dr.  Shearer 
was  a  next-door  neighbor  of  Abraham  Lincoln  during  his  residence  in  Springfield; 
a  member  of  his  presidential  pajtyj  his  guest  at  the  White  House  in  1863,  and 
one  of  his  closest  friends  until  his  tragic  end.  Dr.  Shearer  has  been  in  continuous 
practice  in  Wellsboro  for  nearly  forty  years. 

William  Lincoln  Sheaeer,  only  child  of  Dr.  John  H.  and  Hannah  Stanton 
Shearer,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  October  28,  1861.  He  received  a 
good  English  education,  graduating  from  the  Wellsboro  High  School  in  1881. 
After  reading  law  under  Judge  Henry  W.  Williams  and  Hon.  Horace  B.  Packer,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  5,  1886,  and  practiced  his  profession  about  six 
months.  On  November  1,  1886,  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  Republican  Advocate 
and  became  a  partner  with  James  H.  Matson.  On  March  10, 1891,  he  purchased  Mr. 
Matson's  interest,  since  which  time  he  has  conducted  the  paper  alone.  Mr.  Shearer 
was  married  July  31,  1883,  to  Margaret  L.  Van  Valkenburg,  a  daughter  of  C.  G. 
Van  Valkenburg,  of  Wellsboro.  A  Eepublican,  in  politics,  Mr.  Shearer  has  un- 
compromisingly maintained  the  principles  of  that  party  in  the  columns  of  his 
paper.  He  is  a  vigorous,  incisive  writer,  and  has  conducted  the  Republican  Advocate 
with  ability  and  success.  In  religion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church. 

Augustus  P.  Baenes,  of  the  firm  of  Barnes  &  Eoy,  editors  and  publishers  of 
the  Wellsboro  Agitator,  was  bom  in  Painted  Post,  Steuben  county,  New  York, 
December  30,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Washington  and  Deidamia  (Knox)  Barnes.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  but  five  weeks  old,  and  he  was  eared  for  by  an  aunt  in 
Knoxville,  Steuben  county,  until  four  years  of  age,  when,  his  father  having  re- 
married, he  was  taken  to  live  with  him  in  Bath,  New  York,  and  there  grew  to  man- 
hood. His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools.  In  1859,  after 
a  preliminary  reading  under  his  father,  who  was  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Steuben 
county,  he  completed  his  studies  in  the  office  of  Spencer  &  Thomson,  the  leading 
law  firm  of  Corning,  New  York,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1860.  During  the 
next  two  years  he  filled  the  position  of  surrogate  clerk  under  his  father,  who  had 
been  elected  county  judge  and  surrogate  of  Steuben  county.  From  1863  to  1873 
he  practiced  law  in  Bath,  with  the  exception  of  about  twenty  months,  during  1864-65, 
when  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  quartermaster  general's  office,  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
a  portion  of  the  winter  of  1865-66,  when  he  was  engaged  in  editing  the  Havana 
Journal,  Havana,  New  York.  In  January,  1873,  Mr.  Barnes  bought  a  half  interest 
in  the  Wellsboro  Agitator  of  P.  C.  Van  Gelder.  In  September  following  Arthur 
M.  Eoy  purchased  Mr.  Van  Gelder's  remaining  interest  and  the  firm  became  Barnes 
&  Eoy,  and  has  so  continued  to  the  present  time.  Mr.  Barnes  was  married  February 
19,  1873,  to  Sarah  Bull,  a  daughter  of  Col.  William  H.  and  Sarah  (Whiting)  Bull, 
of  Bath,  New  York.  The  following  named  children  have  been  bom  to  this  union: 
Sarah,  Anna,  Eobert  S.  and  Franklin  A.,  both  deceased;  William  Douglas  and 
John  Knox.  In  polities,  Mr.  Barnes  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  chxirch.  As  editor  of  the  Agitator,  Mr.  Barnes  has 
proven  himself  a  clear  and  logical  thinker  and  a  vigorous,  forceful  writer.  He 
wields  a  facile,  graceful  pen,  and  deals  with  all  matters  of  public  policy  with  frank- 
ness and  fearlessness.    Under  his  guidance  the  Agitator  has  become  a  power  in  this 


708  HISTOEY    01"    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

congressional  district,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best-edited  weekly  papers  in 
Pennsylvania. 

Akthuk  M.  Eoy,  of  the  firm  of  Barnes  &  Eoy,  editors  and  publishers  of  the 
Wellsboro  Agitator,  is  the  only  living  child  of  Dr.  Eobert  and  Irene  M.  (Dartt)  Eoy. 
He  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  November  4,  1853,  and  was  educated  in  the  borough 
schools  and  in  the  Mansfield  State  Normal.  At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  entered 
the  Agitator  office  as  an  apprentice  and  served  three  years.  He  then  went  to  school 
until  he  was  nineteen  years  old.  On  September  1,  1872,  he  purchased  the  half 
interest  of  P.  C.  Van  Gelder  in  the  Agitator  and  became  a  partner  of  A.  P.  Barnes, 
the  firm  becoming  Barnes  &  Eoy.  Entering  the  firm  with  a  practical  knowledge 
of  the  art  of  printing,  Mr.  Eoy  has  devoted  himself  to  the  mechanical  department 
of  the  paper  and  ofEiee,  and  has  also  discharged  the  duties  of  local  editor.  He 
has  few  superiors  as  a  printer,  having  mastered  the  art  in  all  its  details.  The  neat 
typographical  appearance  of  the  Agitator,  and  the  high  class  of  work  turned  out  by 
the  jobbing  department  of  the  establishment,  bear  testimony  to  his  skill.  As  a 
gleaner  of  local  news  he  is  industrious,  and  what  he  writes  stamps  him  a  first  class 
newspaper  man.  Mr.  Eoy  was  married  September  6,  1876,  to  Margaret  L.  Giles, 
a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Eachel  Giles,  of  Jamestown,  ISTew  York.  To  this 
marriage  there  have  been  bom  three  children,  viz:  Harold,  Annie  and  Eobert.  Mr. 
Eoy  ranks  among  the  prominent  and  respected  citizens  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  always  been  outspoken  in  the  advocacy  of  the  principles 
of  that  party.  He  is  a  deacon  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Wellsboro;  is  also 
superintendent  of  the  Presbyterian  Sunday-school,  and  is  an  active  supporter  of 
everything  tending  toward  the  moral  advancement  of  the  community.  He  is  a 
director  in  the  First  National  Bank,  and  a  member  of  the  P.  &  A.  M.  and  I.  0.  0.  P. 
societies. 

Feank  Coneveey,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Wellsboro  Gazette,  was  born  in 
Bath,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  July  16,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of  Patrick  and  Sarah 
Conevery.  While  he  was  yet  an  infant,  his  father  was  accidentally  killed.  His 
mother,  who  is  still  living,  is  a  resident  of  Bath.  Mr.  Conevei-y's  early  education 
was  acquired  in  the  common  schools.  In  1869,  when  but  fourteen  years  old,  he 
became  a  printer's  apprentice,  and  completed  his  trade  in  1872,  in  the  office  of  the 
Bath  Advocate.  During  the  next  two  years  he  worked  as  a  journeyman  printer 
in  the  Advocate  office,  the  Buffalo  Courier  and  other  papers.  In  the  fall  of  1874  he 
took  charge  of  the  mechanical  department  of  the  Hammondsport  Herald,  continuing 
until  April,  1877,  when  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  in  the  following  August  bought 
out  the  interest  of  P.  G.  Churchill  in  the  Wellsboro  Gazette  and  became  a  partner  in 
its  publication  with  S.  N.  Havens,  urtder  the  firm  name  of  Havens  &  Conevery.  This 
partnership  was  terminated  in  November,  1881,  when  Mr.  Havens  sold  his  interest 
to  Herbert  Huntington,  and  the  firm  became  Huntington  &  Conevery.  In  No- 
vember, 1885,  Frederick  K.  Wright  bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  Huntington,  and 
continued  as  a  partner  until  January  1,  1895,  since  which  time  Mr.  Conevery  has 
carried  on  the  enterprise  alone.  On  December  9,  1880,  Mr.  Conevery  married 
Helen  Bullard,  a  daughter  of  M.  S.  and  Mariette  Bullard,  of  Wellsboro.  Two 
children,  a  daughter,  Mary,  and  a  son,  Eobert  G.,  have  been  bom  to  them.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Conevery  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1896, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  17QQ 


his  paper  gave  Bryan  and  Sewall  and  the  Chicago  platform,  able,  earnest  and  un- 
swerving support,  and  especially  that  plank  of  the  platform  which  declared  for  the 
free  coinage  of  silver.  Under  Mr.  Conevery's  management  the  Gazette  has  acquired 
a  well-deserved  reputation  as  an  ahly-edited  and  well-conducted  newspaper.  Its 
editorials  are  strongly  written  and  party  and  public  questions  are  dealt  with  in  a 
fearless  manner.  Local  news  from  all  parts  of  the  county  is  industriously  gathered, 
the  Gazette  being  especially  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  local  news  department. 
Being  the  only  outspoken  Democratic  paper  in  the  county,  it  has  a  large  circulation, 
and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  Democratic  journals  of  the  northern  tier. 
Mr.  Conevery  is  a  member  of  Alert  Hose  Company,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  K. 
0.  T.  M.  societies. 

Samuel  Mohgan,  Sr.,  bom  in  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  March 
16,  1803,  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade 
in  his  native  county,  which  he  followed  there  until  1837.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  Tioga  county  and  located  at  Covington,  then  a  hamlet  of  only  a  few  buildings, 
called  "The  Corners,"  where  he  followed  his  trade  for  seven  years.  He  then  pur- 
chased a  farm  in  the  Frost  settlement,  and  followed  farming  in  connection  with 
his  trade  until  1855,  when  he  sold  the  farm  and  removed  to  Eound  Top,  Charleston 
township;  bought  a  property,  and  followed  blacksmithing,  lumbering  and  farming, 
up  to  his  death,  February  10,  1875.  Mr.  Morgan  was  married  in  1834,  to  Ann 
Emble,  a  daughter  of  Albert  and  Hannah  Kimble.  Ten  children  were  bom  to 
this  union,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood,  as  follows:  Sarah  A., 
wife  of  Jesse  Bryant,  of  Charleston  township;  H.  Elizabeth,  deceased  wife  of  Jon- 
athan Bveretts;  Daniel  M.,  of  Olean,  New  York;  William  M.,  who  died  in  a 
southern  prison  during  the  Eebellion,  from  a  gun-shot  wound;  Jonathan  V.,  of 
"Wellsboro;  Seth,  a  farmer  in  Arkansas;  Samuel,  a  resident  of  Charleston  township, 
and  Ephraim,  deceased.  With  the  exception  of  the  last  mentioned,  all  of  the  sons 
were  soldiers  in  the  Union  army,  and  all  but  Samuel  served  from  the  beginning 
to  the  close  of  the  war.  Mrs.  Morgan  died  in  1873.  Mr.  Morgan  was  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  early  life,  but  later  united  with  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
church,  in  which  faith  he  died. 

Jonathan  V.  Morgan,  ex-treasurer  of  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Covington 
township,  Tioga  county,  March  1,  1838;  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  Wellsboro  Academy.  On  April  33,  1861,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  E,  First  Pennsylvania  Eeserve,  known  as  "The  Bucktails."  He  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Gaines'  Hill,  June  38,  1863,  and  was  confined  in  Libby,  Castle 
Thunder  and  Belle  Isle  prisons,  and  later  paroled,  and  rejoined  his  regiment  at 
Alexandria,  Virginia.  With  the  exception  of  the  period  when  he  was  a  prisoner,  he 
served  in  all  the  engagements  in  which  his  regiment  participated.  He  was  wounded 
at  Gettysburg,  and  was  several  times  promoted  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
on  the  battle-field.  He  commanded  his  company  through  most  of  the  Wilderness 
Campaign,  as  first  sergeant,  and  was  first  lieutenant  by  brevet  when  his  regiment 
was  mustered  out  of  service,  in  June,  1864.  Mr.  Morgan  then  returned  to  Tioga 
county,  and  resumed  farming  in  Charleston  township.  He  was  married  February 
25,  1869,  to  Melvina  L.  Shumway,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  J.  and  Margaret  C.  (Peake) 
Shumway,  of  Charleston  township.    Mrs.  Morgan  had  three  brothers:   Charles  L., 


710  HISTOEY     OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Hiram  P.  and  William  P.  Charles  L.,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War,  and  died 
August  22,  1864.  Hiram  P.  is  a  resident  of  Olean,  New  York,  and  William  P.  is 
dead.  Politically,  Mr.  Morgan  is  an  unswerving  Eepublican.  lie  served  two  terms 
as  township  treasurer,  two  terms  as  supervisor,  and  one  as  school  director.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  a  jury  commissioner,  in  which  office  lie  served  three  years,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1892  he  was  elected  county  treasurer,  which  position  he  filled  in  an  acceptable 
manner  until  January,  1896.  Mr.  Morgan  is  a  member  of  Tyoga  Lodge,  No.  230, 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  also  of  George  Cook  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Wellsboro.  He  has  held  all  the 
important  olfices  in  the  latter,  and  has  been  state  aid-de-camp  two  terms.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion,  and  the  Association  of  Prisoners,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the  old  veterans. 

James  L.  White,  ex-postmaster  of  Wellsboro,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Judge  Robert 
G.  White,  and  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  October  23,  1849.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  High  School,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  went  to  California  and 
worked  two  years  in  the  silver  mines.  Returning  to  Wellsboro,  he  clerked  for  C.  C. 
Mathers  six  years,  and  in  the  spring  of  1876  he  was  appointed  inspector  of  customs 
at  Philadelphia.  In  the  spring  of  1877,  he  and  his  brother  Frank  purchased  a 
grocery  store  in  Wellsboro,  and  one  year  later  he  bought  his  brothei-'s  interest. 
He  conducted  the  business  until  1883,  when  he  bought  out  the  store  of  F.  K. 
Wright,  consolidated  the  two  stores,  and  carried  on  merchandising  until  1884, 
when  he  was  burned  out.  He  immediately  ro-stocked  his  store,  and  then  sold  the 
business  to  Saxton,  Seely  &  Company,  in  the  fall  of  1886.  In  the  autumn  of  1889 
he  went  to  Pittsburg,  where  he  acted  as  state  agent  for  the  Edison  phonograph 
for  one  year,  returning  to  Wellsboro  in  the  fall  of  1890.  In  1891  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Wellsboro,  which  position  he  occupied  four  years,  and  is  now  holding 
the  responsible  position  of  cashier  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  Washington, 
D.  C.  Mr.  White  was  married  November  24,  1875,  to  Adelaide  Wilbur,  a  daughter 
of  Col.  Aaron  Wilbur,  of  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Adelaide 
Louise,  Sarah  Bache  and  Mary  Wilbur.  The  family  attend  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church.  Politically,  Mr.  AVhite  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  school 
board,  president  of  the  board  of  education,  and  a  member  of  the  borough  council. 
He  is  connected  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  Past  Commander  of  the  Knights 
Templar. 

HoEACE  A.  Deans  was  born  in  Montrose,  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania, 
February  10,  1824.  His  father,  James  Deans,  was  a  native  of  Lebanon  county,  Con- 
necticut, bom  in  1794,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Montrose  when  ten  years 
of  age.  He  there  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  many  years. 
In  1819  he  married  Abigail  Cornwall,  and  reared  two  sons,  Horace  A.  and  Willis  B., 
the  latter  a  merchant  of  Montrose.  Horace  was  reared  in  his  native  town,  and  there 
commenced  his  business  cai-eer.  He  enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  served  nine  months,  and  then  re-enlisted 
in  the  Signal  Service,  and  was  stationed  at  Georgetown  Heights  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  Returning  to  Montrose,  he  worked  at  paper  hanging,  painting  and 
carpentering  until  his  death,  in  July,  1877.  He  married  Frances  E.  Stroud,  March 
29,  1848,  and  reared  two  sons,  Frank  A.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Edward  C,  a  resident 
of  Scranton. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  711 


Prank  A.  Deans  was  born  in  Bridgewater  township,  Susquehanna  county, 
January  22, 1849,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Horace  A.  Deans.  He  spent  his  boyhood 
days  in  Hyde  Park,  Lackawanna  county,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  graded  school. 
"When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  entered  a  printing  office  in  Montrose,  where  he  worked 
for  two  yeai-s.  He  subsequently  clerked  in  the  postoffice  in  that  town  for  two  years, 
and  then  engaged  with  C.  M.  Crandall,  of  Montrose,  to  learn  the  turnei-'s  trade, 
at  which  he  spent  three  years.  He  later  entered  the  insurance  office  of  Billings 
Stroud,  and  on  June  1,  1870,  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  to  clerk  in  the  land 
office  of  the  Bingham  estate.  He  occupied  that  position  until  Mr.  Simpson's  death, 
April  15,  1893,  when  he  succeeded  him  as  agent  of  the  trustees  of  said  estate.  Mr. 
Deans  was  man-ied  December  9,  1873,  to  Mary  E.  Guernsey,  a  daughter  of  H.  A. 
Guernsey.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyoga  Lodge,  No.  230,  and  Wellsboro  Encampment, 
No.  78, 1.  0.  0.  P.  For  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  been  Scribe  of  the  lodge, 
and  has  filled  the  chair  in  both  branches.  He  is  also  colonel  of  the  Second  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment  of  Patriarchs  Militant.  He  is  a  member  of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317, 
P.  &  A.  M.;  Tyoga  Chapter,  No.  194,  R.  A.  M.,  and  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No. 
28,  K.  T.  Mr.  Deans  is  the  leader  of  Wellsborough's  Military  Band,  whi(;h  owes  its 
present  efficiency  to  his  efforts.  He  was  also  a  leading  spirit  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Alert  Hose  Company,  and  has  ever  been  active  in  promoting  the  best 
interests  of  the  borough. 

George  W.  "Williams,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Tabor  "Williams,  was  bom 
in  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  June  23,  1859.  His  parents  removed  to 
Wellsboro  when  our  subject  was  less  than  one  year  old,  and  he  there  grew  to  man- 
hood, receiving  his  education  in  the  public  schools.  "When  sixteen  years  of  age 
he  commenced  clerking  in  the  store  of  C.  C.  Mathers,  and  later  clerked  for  Young  & 
Miller.  He  was  next  employed  in  the  commissioners'  office  by  Leonard  Harrison, 
at  the  time  he  was  commissioners'  clerk.  On  January  1, 1880,  he  accepted  a  position 
as  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Bingham  estate  where  he  has  since  been  employed.  Mr. 
Williams  has  taken  considerable  interest  in  public  affairs,  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  borough  council,  and  also  as  burgess  of  Wellsboro,  and  at  different  times 
has  been  chairman  of  the  Republican  county  committee.  He  was  man-ied  March 
12,  1883,  to  Ida  A.  Horton,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  A.  B.  Horton,  formerly  of  Wells- 
boro, and  has  two  children,  Clinton  T.  and  Joseph  H. 

William  E.  Champaign,  sheriff  of  Tioga  county,  was  born  at  Cedar  Run, 
Brown  township,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  3,  1861,  son  of  Peter 
B.  and  Hannah  (Sechrist)  Champaign.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Soriel,  which  is 
located  at  the  mouth  of  the  outlet  of  Lalfe  Champlain,  in  the  Province  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  while  his  mother  was  bom  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  father  served  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, and  is  now  a  resident  of  Elk  township.  William  E.  was  reared  in  Lycoming 
and  Tioga  counties,  and  has  been  a  permanent  resident  of  this  county  since  his 
seventh  year.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education  and  labored  at  lumbering 
until  after  his  majority.  In  1886  he  engaged  in  the  life  and  fire  insurance  business, 
which  he  still  carries  on  in  connection  with  his  duties  as  sheriff.  Mr.  Champaign 
mai-ried  Emma  N.  Neal,  daughter  of  Daniel  Neal,  September  12,  1884,  and  has  two 
children,  Nellie  and  Earle.     The  family  are  Presbyterians.     He  is  an  ardent  Re- 


712  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COITNTT. 

publican,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  local  politics.  He  was  postmaster 
at  Gaines  for  two  years;  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga  county  in  1894,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  State  Convention  in  1896.  Mr.  Champaign  is  a  Knight  Templar  in 
the  Masonic  order,  and  is  one  of  the  popular  officials  of  Tioga  county. 

MiLFOED  H.  Stebbins  was  born  at  Sabinsville,  Tioga  county,  September  3, 
1860,  and  is  the  eldest  child  of  Elijah  H.  Stebbins.  He  was  reared  and  educated 
in  his  native  tovraiship,  and  later  attended  the  Knoxville  graded  school,  and  Wood- 
hull  Academy,  at  WoodhuU,  New  York,  where  he  passed  a  regent's  examination. 
When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  assisting  his  father  in  the  store  and  lumber 
business,  and  at  his  father's  death  he  took  charge  of  the  same.  In  December,  1883, 
he  bought  his  uncle's  interest  in  the  lumber  business,  and  was  made  guardian  for 
the  other  heirs.  He  conducted  the  business  under  this  arrangement  until  April, 
1884,  when  the  estate  was  divided,  he  and  his  brother  George  taking  the  mill 
property,  the  store  having  burned  in  1881.  They  conducted  the  business  up  to 
1886,  in  which  year  he  purchased  his  brother's  interest  and  operated  the  mill  until 
its  destruction  by  fire  in  1893.  In  November,  1890,  Mr.  Stebbins  was  elected  a 
county  commissioner,  on  the  Eepublican  ticket,  and  removed  to  Wellsboro  in 
January,  1891.  He  also  served  as  auditor  of  Clymer  township  for  ten  years,  assessor 
one  term,  assistant  assessor  two  terms,  and  census  enumerator  in  1890.  Upon  the 
expiration  of  his  term  as  county  commissioner  in  January,  1894,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  C.  N.  Butts,  of  Sabinsville,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  con- 
tracting for  stone  and  brick  work,  bridges,  pile  driving,  etc.  He  is  also  proprietor 
of  the  Wellsboro  Cigar  Factory,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars 
for  the  trade,  and  is  an  active,  energetic  and  enterprising  business  man.  On  January 
19,  1879,  he  married  Addie  C.  Newton,  a  daughter  of  Moses  and  Sally  Newton,  of 
Sabinsville,  and  is  the  father  of  five  children,  as  follows:  Gordon  E.,  Clayton  M., 
Hugh  W.,  Ha,  deceased,  and  Arland  E.  The  family  attend  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  Mr.  Stebbins  is  a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  E.  &  A.  M.;  West- 
field  Chapter,  No.  265;  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No.  38,  and  Wellsboro  Lodge,  No. 
374,  K.  of  P. 

Feancis  Bbatjge,  a  wine  merchant  of  Paris,  France,  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1836,  and  located  on  a  farm  near  Utica,  New  York.  Three  years  later  he  re- 
moved to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  purchased 
a  farm  and  resided  until  his  death  in  August,  1863.  His  wife,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Marie  Moucours,  was  also  a  native  of  France.  Two  children  were  born  to 
them:  Hippolyte,  since  deceased,  and  Eugene,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Mrs. 
Beauge  survived  her  husband  over  thirty  years,  dying  May  30,  1893. 

Eugene  Beauge  was  bom  in  Charleston  tovmship,  Tioga  county,  March  36, 
1840,  and  is  the  only  living  child  of  Francis  and  Marie  Beauge.  He  was  reared  on 
the  homestead  farm,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  Company  G,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was  later  promoted 
to  sergeant,  and  served  with  his  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  participated 
in  most  of  the  battles  and  long  marches  for  which  the  regiment  was  noted,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  July  17,  1865.  Eeturning  to  Tioga  county,  he  soon  after 
entered  Eastman  Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  where  he  graduated 
in  April,  1866.    He  then  purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  and  followed 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  713 


farming  up  to  1884,  -when  he  was  appointed  clerk  in  the  commissioners'  office. 
Removing  to  Wellsboro,  he  purchased  his  present  home  the  following  year.  He  had 
resigned  the  of&ce  of  county  auditor  to  accept  that  of  commissioners'  clerk.  After 
retiring  from  the  commissioners'  office  in  1884,  Mr.  Beauge  resumed  the  manage- 
ment of  his  farm  in  Charleston,  though  continuing  to  reside  in  Wellsboro.  He 
was  again  elected  county  auditor  in  1890,  and  re-elected  in  1893  and  in  1896.  He 
also  served  as  clerk  of  Charleston  township  for  ten  years,  and  has  been  one  of  the 
active  workers  of  the  Eepublican  party  since  the  war.  Mr.  Beauge  married  Lucy 
Culver,  a  daughter  of  Joel  and  Sarah  Culver,  of  Charleston  township,  to  which 
union  have  been  born  three  children,  viz:  Prank  L.,  manager  of  the  W.  W.  Brad- 
bury Company's  store,  at  Laudrus;  Frederick  E.,  book-keeper  for  the  Union  Tan- 
ning Company,  at  Hoytville,  and  A.  Naomi.  The  family  attend  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Beauge  is  a  member  of  George  Cook  Post,  Fo.  315,  G. 
A:  R.,  and  of  Encampment  No.  105,  U.  V.  L.,  both  of  "Wellsboro. 

Frank  L.  Beatjge,  eldest  son  of  Eugene  and  Lucy  Beauge,  was  bom  in  Charles- 
ton township,  Tioga  county,  July  28,  1870,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  that  township  and  Wellsboro.  On  Maxch  3,  1893,  he  married  Eva 
Wheeler,  a  daughter  of  B.  P.  Wheeler,  of  Marsh  Creek,  Tioga  county.  After  serving 
nearly  two  years  as  clerk  in  the  general  store  of  Hoyt  Brothers,  at  Hoytville,  he 
accepted  the  position  of  manager  of  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company's  store,  at 
Landrus,  in  August,  1893,  which  he  still  holds.  As  a  business  man,  he  has  proven 
himself  thorough,  capable  and  competent,  and  is  popular  with  the  patrons  of  the 
store.  In  politics,  Mr.  Beauge  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  of  Hoyt- 
ville. 

Thomas  T.  Rees,  a  son  of  William  T.  and  Margaret  (Roberts)  Rees,  and  grand- 
son of  Thomas  Rees,  was  bom  in  South  Wales,  December  8,  1853.  His  parents 
died  when  Thomas  T.  was  quite  young,  leaving  him  and  one  brother,  Evan,  to  the 
care  of  strangers.  The  latter  is  now  a  land  agent  in  South  Wales.  Two  years  after 
his  parents'  death,  Thomas  T.  was  sent  to  the  United  States  to  his  uncles,  Robert, 
Hugh,  William  and  John  Roberts,  who  had  immigrated  some  thirty  years  before, 
locating  in  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania.  Soon  after  his  arrival,  his  five  uncles 
enlisted  in  the  Union  army.  Four  of  them  were  killed  in  the  war,  John  alone 
retuming.  Our  subject  lived  with  the  latter  at  Pittston,  Luzerne  county,  up  to 
1868,  and  worked  in  a  lumber  yard.  In  1870  he  came  to  Morris  Run,  Tioga  county, 
and  worked  in  the  mines  for  eleven  years,  afterwards  serving  as  a  clerk  in  the  post- 
office  at  Morris  Run  two  years.  He  was  then  appointed  to  the  position  of  paster  and 
folder  in  the  State  printing  office  at  Harrisburg,  where  he  worked  for  two  years,  and 
was  then  taken  sick  and  returned  to  Morris  Run,  where  he  continued  to  reside, 
though  unable  to  do  any  work  for  the  following  three  years.  In  1888,  after  re- 
covering from  his  serious  illness,  he  was  appointed  ticket  and  express  agent  for  the 
Erie  railroad  at  Morris  Run.  Resigning  this  position  in  January,  1893,  he  came  to 
Wellsboro  to  accept  the  office  of  deputy  sheriff,  which  he  filled  during  Sheriff 
Irvin's  term.  On  November  19,  1873,  Mr.  Rees  married  Anna  Price,  of  Morris 
Run,  who  has  borne  him  six  children,  viz:  Evan,  William,  Elmer,  May,  (the  last 
two  died  in  infancy),  Margaret  ajid  Horace  Packer.    In  politics,  Mr.  Rees  is  a  Re- 


714  HISTOET     OF     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

publican,  and  tlie  family  attend  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  a  member  of  Ossea 
Lodge,  No.  317,  P.  &  A.  M.,  and  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  304,  K.  of  P. 

Peank  Watkins,  chief  clerk  in  the  commissioners'  office,  was  born  in  Athens 
township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  31,  1843,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (Green)  Watkins.  His  paternal  grandparents  were  from  Connecticut, 
where  his  grandfather,  Maj.  William  Watkins,  was  bom  in  1753.  He  was  an  officer 
in  the  Continental  army,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  died 
in  Athens  township,  Bradford  county,  whither  he  had  removed  from  Connecticut, 
November  17,  1838,  in  his  seventy-sixth  year.  Major  Watkins'  wife,  Lois,  was  bom 
in  1760,  and  died  July  30,  1851,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  ninety-one  years.  They 
were  the  parents  of  five  children,  John,  the  father  of  our  subject,  being  the  youngest. 
He  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  January  6,  1789,  married  Betsey  Green,  in  Bradford 
county,  April  11,  1813,  and  reared  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  only  five  of  whom 
survive.  The  mother  died  July  7,  1839,  in  her  forty-seventh  year,  and  her  husband 
was  again  married,  December  33,  1840,  to  Mrs.  Mary  Green,  a  native  of  Providence, 
Ehode  Island,  bom  July  30,  1797.  One  son.  Prank,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
bom  to  this  union.  The  mother  died  November  36,  1863,  in  her  sixty-seventh 
year,  and  the  father,  March  33,  1869,  in  the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age.  Prank 
was  reared  upon  his  father's  farm,  where  he  spent  the  first  twenty-one  years  of  his 
life,  sharing  the  common  lot  of  a  farmer's  son.  He  obtained  such  education  as  he 
could  in  the  common  school,  supplemented  by  two  or  three  terms  at  the  Athens 
Academy.  In  1864  he  completed  a  course  of  study  at  Eastman  Business  College, 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  and  for  the  following  year  was  book-keeper  for  Gardner 
&  Inslee,  produce  commission  merchants,  of  New  York  City.  He  then  learned  the 
paper  maker's  trade,  which  he  worked  at  five  years,  principally  in  Waverly,  New 
York.  On  July  6,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Nettie  Courtright,  of  Waverly,  by  whom 
he  has  two  sons,  Willis  P.  and  Albert  J.,  and  two  daughters,  Ina  M.  and  Myrtie  D. 
In  the  year  1870  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
His  wife,  Nettie,  died  November  3,  1884,  in  her  thirty-fifth  year.  On  October  27, 
1885,  he  married  Mrs.  Anna  C.  English,  to  which  union  have  been  born  two  sons, 
Prancis  M.  and  Leon  Erland.  In  1883  he  entered  the  office  of  the  county  commis- 
sioners as  assistant  clerk,  and  by  industry  and  strict  attention  to  the  affairs  of  the 
office  attained  the  chief  clerkship,  which  position  he  is  now  filling.  Mr.  Watkins' 
long  period  of  continual  service  has  proven  him  to  be  a  faithful  official,  and  an 
invaluable  assistant  to  the  commissioners.  He  has  been  borough  auditor  for  three 
years,  which  office  he  has  filled  with  satisfaction  and  credit  to  himself.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  P.  of  H.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has 
always  given  his  earnest  support  to  the  principles,  measures  and  candidates  of  that 
party. 

Oeein  Blaie  was  born  on  Eussell  Mountain,  Massachusetts,  December  38, 
1835,  a  son  of  Nathan  and  Sally  (Tyrrell)  Blair,  natives  of  Massachusetts  and  New 
York,  respectively.  They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  Orrin  being  the 
tenth  in  the  family.  The  father  was  a  physician,  and  died  in  1849,  aged  seventy-two 
years.  His  widow  survived  until  1866,  and  died  at  the  home  of  her  son  Orrin,  aged 
seventy-eight  years.  In  1837  Orrin's  brother,  James,  who  was  bom  in  Massachu- 
setts in  1811,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Delmar 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  7I5 

township.  Soon  after  he  contracted  consumption,  and  in  1840  Orrin  came  on  to 
take  care  of  him.  After  the  death  of  James,  Orrin  purchased  a  farm,  and  lived 
upon  it  up  to  his  death  in  1895.  He  received  his  early  education  in  his  native 
State,  and  later  attended  the  Wellsboro  Academy.  Though  he  worked  a  portion  of 
his  time  as  a  carpenter,  he  made  farming  his  principal  occupation.  He  owned  169 
acres  near  the  northwest  comer  of  the  borough,  and  made  dairying  a  specialty. 
On  April  2,  1849,  Mr.  Blair  married  Louisa  Hiltbold,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Abigail  (Johnson)  Hiltbold.  She  was  born  February  1,  1831,  and  is  the  mother  of 
five  children,  viz:  Mary  Ellen,  wife  of  Alphonso  Spencer;  James  0.,  a  farmer  in 
Delmar;  Lewis  M.,  residing  on  the  old  homestead;  Sherman  L.,  baggage  master  at 
the  Pall  Brook  station,  and  William  E.,  principal  of  the  Tioga  graded  schools. 
Mrs.  Blair  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  in  which  faith  Mr. 
Blair  lived  and  died.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  filled  the  office  of  supervisor, 
and  was  poormaster  of  Delmar  township  the  year  the  poor  house  was  erected.  Mr. 
Blair  was  one  of  the  successful  and  prominent  farmers  of  this  section. 

Chahles  Aveht  was  bom  in  Eaton,  Madison  county,  New  York,  in  1800,  a 
son  of  Constajit  Avery.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1824,  purchasing  a  farm  of  160  acres  in  Chatham  township,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  his  death,  Jaoiuary  14,  1875.  He  mar- 
ried Sophia  Cloos,  a  daughter  of  Newbury  Cloos,  a  pioneer  of  Deerfield  township, 
Tioga  county.  Ten  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  Constant,  of  Chatham 
township;  Esther,  wife  of  Matt  Ashton,  of  Livingston  county,  New  York;  Cyrus  W., 
of  Wellsboro;  William,  deceased;  Deruyter,  of  Chatham  township;  Miranda,  wife  of 
Prank  Churchill,  of  Middlebury;  Leonidas,  a  resident  of  Ansonia;  Albert,  deceased; 
Mary,  wife  of  Jefferson  West,  of  Middlebury,  and  John,  who  died  in  early  youth. 
Mrs.  Avery  died  on  January  14,  1875,  one  hour  before  her  husband,  quite  a  re- 
markable coincidence,  after  a  married  life  of  nearly  half  a  century.  Politically,  Mr. 
Avery  was  a  Democrat  in  early  life,  and  later  a  Free  Soiler.  He  served  as  collector 
of  Chatham  township  for  ten  years,  and  was  one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  that 
locality. 

Ctktts  W.  Avekt,  second  son  of  Charles  Avery,  was  bom  in  Chatham  township, 
Tioga  county,  February  10,  1833,  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  twenty-five  years  of  age.  For  the  succeeding 
fifteen  years  he  worked  on  his  own  farm  in  Chatham  township  in  summer  time  and 
in  the  lumber  woods  in  winter.  In  1883  he  sold  his  farm  in  Chatham  and  bought 
his  present  farm  in  the  suburbs  of  Wellsboro,  containing  seventy-six  acres,  where 
he  has  since  followed  agriculture.  On  February  16,  1859,  Mr.  Avery  married  Jane 
Spencer,  a  daughter  of  Aurora  and  Catherine  (Conklin)  Spencer.  Her  father  was 
bom  in  1808,  and  died  July  14,  1862.  Her  mother  was  bom  in  1810,  and  died 
January  29, 1876.  Mrs.  Avery  was  born  January  30, 1840,  and  is  the  mother  of  two 
children,  viz:  Ida  E.,  wife  of  Francis  Andrews,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Jennie  M.,  wife  of 
John  Fisher,  of  Marsh  Creek.  Mr.  Avery  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Second 
Advent  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  independent.  He  served  as  supervisor  of 
Chatham  township  one  term. 

Adam  A.  Kloce:  was  bom  in  Manheim,  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  January 
28, 1800,  a  son  of  Adam  Klock,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1835. 


716  HISTOET     01     TIOGA     COUNTY. 

He  purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  on  which  he  resided  up  to  his  death, 
December  13,  1875.  He  married  !N"ancy,  a  daughter  of  John  Hart,  of  Herkimer 
county,  E"ew  York,  who  survived  him  until  March  17,  1884,  dying  at  the  age  of 
seventy-nine  years.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  as  follows:  Jesse,  who 
recently  died  in  Oregon;  Jeremiah,  a  retired  farmer  of  Wellshoro;  Irene,  deceased  wife 
of  Waldo  May;  Margaret,  widow  of  Charles  Brown;  John  A.,  who  lives  in  Illinois; 
Edwin,  a  resident  of  Covington,  Tioga  county;  Henry  H.,  who  resides  in  Kansas; 
Andrew,  of  Wellshoro;  Hiram,  who  lives  in  Elmira,  and  Lizzie,  wife  of  George  D. 
Brooks,  of  Charleston  township. 

Jbbemiah  Kloce,  retired  farmer,  was  born  in  Herkimer  county.  New  York, 
May  5,  1824,  and  is  the  second  son  of  Adam  A.  Klock.  He  was  reared  upon  a  farm, 
and  when  twenty-two  years  of  age  purchased  113  acres  of  land  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, upon  which  he  settled.  He  added  to  his  first  pm-ehase  from  time  to  time  until 
he  owned  356  acres  in  the  same  township,  and  continued  agricultural  pursuits  up 
to  1873,  when  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  work  on  account  of  ill  health.  He 
sold  his  lands  in  Charleston  township,  and  in  the  spring  of  1875  purchased  his 
present  home  in  Wellshoro,  where  he  has  lived  since  the  autumn  of  1877.  Mr. 
Klock  was  married  October  30,  1845,  to  Maria  Abrams,  daughter  of  Nelson  Abrams. 
She  was  born  December  8,  1836,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Nelson  V., 
a  resident  of  Elmira;  Jennie  D.,  wife  of  Eussell  Ely,  of  Charleston  township;  Milan 
L.,  of  Wellshoro;  Clara  E.,  wife  of  Sterry  E.  Kimball,  of  Charleston  township,  and 
Nancy  E.,  deceased  wife  of  William  H.  Smith,  of  the  same  township.  Mr.  Klock  is 
a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  his  wife  of  the  Christian  church.  In  poli- 
tics, a  Eepublican,  he  served  as  auditor  of  Charleston  township  for  six  years. 

Milan  L.  Klock,  stock  dealer,  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county, 
March  14,  1852,  a  son  of  Jeremiah  Klock.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm, 
and  obtained  a  public  school  education.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  commenced 
working  the  home  farm  on  his  own  account,  and  followed  farming  four  years.  He 
then  went  to  Antrim  and  carried  on  a  meat  market  four  years,  and  while  there 
bought  a  farm  of  140  acres  in  Delmar  township,  four  miles  from  Wells- 
horo, which  he  has  since  cultivated.  In  December,  1883,  he  came  to  Wellshoro,  where 
he  had  previously  purchased  his  present  home,  and  engaged  in  the  live  stock  bus- 
iness, which  he  has  followed  ever  since.  He  later  took  in  as  partner  E.  M.  Johnson, 
which  business  connection  continued  up  to  the  spring  of  1894,  when  Mr.  Klock 
withdrew  and  formed  a  partnership  with  J.  C.  Bradley,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Bradley  &  Klock,  contractors  in  all  kinds  of  stone  work.  Mr.  Klock  was  married 
September  18,  1877,  to  Harriet  C.  Peake,  a  daughter  of  Willis  Peake,  of  Charleston 
township,  and  has  one  son,  Leon.  The  family  attend  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  Mr.  Klock  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  Politically,  a  Eepublican,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  council  from  1888  to  1891,  was  appointed  assessor  in  February,  1888, 
was  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1889,  and  re-elected  in  1893  and  1895. 

James  L.  Eobb,  youngest  child  of  John  C.  and  Susan  Eobb,  was  born  in  Farm- 
ington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  4,  1843.  He  was  reared  on  the 
homestead  farm  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Iron  City  Com- 
mercial College,  Pittsburg.  On  January  16,  1865,  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  One 
Hundred  and  Ninety-fotirth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  served  with  the  rank  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  717 


second  lieutenant  until  mustered  out  the  following  June.  After  leaving  the  army 
he  went  to  Omaha,  Nebraska,  where  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Eailroad  Company,  and  for  nearly  a  year  had  charge  of  the  force  engaged  in  painting 
and  finishing  the  stations  from  Omaha  to  North  Platte,  a  distance  of  600  miles. 
Eetuming  to  Farmington  township,  he  purchased  the  homestead  from  his  father 
and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming,  shipping  hay,  live-stock,  etc.,  being  for  eight 
years  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Mather  &  Eobb.  His  partner  was  C.  S.  Mather,  of 
Elmira,  New  York,  whose  interest  he  purchased  in  1893.  Mr.  Eobb  resided  on  his 
farm  until  October,  1895,  when  he  purchased  his  present  residence  in  Wellsboro. 
He  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  in  Farmington,  embracing  nearly  400  acres  of  land,  and 
is  one  of  the  largest  shippers  of  hay,  live-stock  and  farm  produce  in  Tioga  county, 
owning  seven  store-houses  on  the  line  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad.  On  January  3, 
1870,  Mr.  Eobb  married  Helen  S.  Shelves,  a  daughter  of  Albert  Shelves,  of  Job's 
Corners,  Tioga  county.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz: 
Levi  S.,  Casner  J.,  and  Ada,  the  last  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Politically,  Mr. 
Eobb  is  an  ardent  Eepublican.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Pr^byterian 
church.  A  man  of  commendable  public  spirit,  sound  business  methods  and  per- 
sistent industry,  he  can  safely  be  classed  as  one  of  the  successful  business  men  of 
his  native  county. 

Ezra  Potter,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  bom  in  1800,  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  company  with  a  party  of  settlers  from  his  State,  among  them  being 
his  older  brother,  Stephen  Potter,  in  1817,  and  later  assisted  in  cutting  a  road 
through  the  forest  from  the  site  of  Westfield  borough. to  that  of  Potter  Brook, 
where  the  family  purchased  land  and  located  in  1818.  Ezra  Potter  married  Eunice 
Swede,  and  reared  a  fanaily  of  seven  children  by  this  marriage,  viz:  Stephen  A.,  John 
W.,  deceased;  Almon  A.,  a  resident  of  Brookfield;  Hiram  E.,  of  Wellsboro;  Matilda 
A.,  wife  of  George  W.  Peekham;  Adeline,  wife  of  Hiram  W.  Dartt,  and  Ezra  H., 
a  publisher  of  Nyack,  New  York.  Mrs.  Potter  died  in  1835,  aged  thirty-four  years, 
and  he  was  again  mamed  to  Eunice  Stebbins,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz: 
Eunice,  vrif e  of  King  Towner,  of  Elmira,  New  York,  and  Nancy,  wife  of  Noah  Close, 
of  Westfield,  Tioga  county.    Mr.  Potter  died  in  1883. 

Hiram  E.  Potter  was  bom  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  January  9, 
1828,  and  is  the  fourth  child  of  Ezra  and  Eunice  (Swede)  Potter.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  when  seventeen  years  of 
age  began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand.  The  next  year  he  went  to  learn  the  car- 
penter's trade,  which  business  he  followed  ten  years.  He  then  purchased  a  farm  of 
320  acres  in  Deerfield  township,  upon  which  he  lived  seventeen  years.  Eemoving 
to  Middlebury  township  he  resided  there  eight  years,  and  in  1876  bought  his  present 
home  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  since  lived,  though  unable  to  work  becau.se  of 
rheumatism.  Mr.  Potter  was  married  May  28,  1856,  to  Angela  D.  Potter,  who  died 
in  May,  1884.  In  March,  1885,  he  married  Mrs,  Mary  Westbrook,  nee  Butler.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  his  wife  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  chiwch. 
In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  society. 

Louis  Brill,  a  native  of  Germany,  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States 
about  1835,  being  then  about  five  years  old.  He  afterwards  worked  for  a  period  in 
Philadelphia,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1848,  locating  on  the  site  of  the  present 


718  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

village  of  Morris,  neax  the  mouth  of  Wilson  creek.  He  followed  lumbering  there  for 
a  few  years  and  then  removed  to  Brown  township,  Lycoming  county.  In  1864  he  re- 
turned to  Tioga  coimty  and  located  on  the  land  now  occupied  by  the  Brunswick 
Tannery,  at  Hoytville.  Here  he  remained  until  1874,  when  he  removed  into  Delmar 
township,  four  miles  south  of  Wellsboro.  In  1878  he  went  to  Kansas,  remaining 
until  1880,  when  he  and  his  family  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  three  miles 
south  of  "Wellsboro,  where  he  died  July  22, 1881,  aged  fifty-two  years.  Mr.  Brill  was 
married  in  June,  1854,  to  Elizabeth  Harrison,  a  daughter  of  John  Harrison,  an 
early  settler  of  Lycoming  county.  Eight  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz: 
Sarah  J.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Louis,  who  was  drowned  when  eight  years  old;  George, 
Mary  A.,  deceased;  John  P.,  Emma,  deceased;  Cora  E.,  wife  of  John  W.  Lloyd,  of 
Wellsboro,  and  Catherine  H.,  wife  of  J.  W.  Smith,  of  Galeton,  Potter  county.  George 
was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  February  21,  1859,  and  John  P.  in 
Lycoming  county,  January  24,  1863,  but  were  reared  in  Tioga  county  until  1878, 
when  they  went  to  Kansas  with  their  parents,  whence  the  family  returned  to  Tioga 
county  two  years  later.  In  1884  the  Brill  brothers  purchased  their  present  farm  of 
100  acres  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Wellsboro,  where  they  have  since  resided  with 
their  mother.  They  rank  among  the  reputable  farmers  of  the  county.  In  politics, 
they  are  Eepublicans. 

Lyman  Colbs  was  born  June  1, 1806,  in  Chenango  county,  Kew  York,  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  became  a  farmer  and  lumberman.  He  married 
Electa  Sellick,  in  Smithville,  Chenango  county.  New  York.  She  was  a  daughter 
of  Capt.  James  Sellick,  a  soldier  of  the  War  of  1812,  the  canteen  carried  by  him 
during  that  conflict  being  now  the  treasured  possession  of  his  grandson,  W.  E.  Coles, 
of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coles  were  the  parents  of  three  children:  James  S., 
deceased;  Mandeville  S.,  a  merchant  of  Stony  Pork,  and  W.  E.,  of  Wellsboro.  Mr. 
Coles  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1864,  whither  he  had  been  preceded 
by  his  sons,  then  in  business  at  Stony  Pork.  Here  he  located  and  lived  retired,  having 
previously  accumulated  a  competence  by  yeajs  of  active  industry.  He  died  December 
25,  1886.     His  wife,  who  was  born  December  29,  1814,  died  November  2,  1885. 

William  Eiley  Coles,  youngest  son  of  Lyman  and  Electa  (Sellick)  Coles,  was 
bom  in  Smithville,  Chenango  county.  New  York,  November  11,  1841,  where  he 
received  a  common  school  education.  He  came  to  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county, 
in  1862,  but  did  not  take  up  his  residence  here  until  the  following  year,  when  he 
became  a  partner  with  his  brothers  in  a  store  at  Stony  Pork.  They  continued 
together  until  1865,  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  took  charge  of  the  hotel  at  Stony 
Pork,  which  he  conducted  until  1868.  He  then  engaged  in  lumbering  and  in  1871 
built  a  steam  saw-mill,  the  first  in  that  section,  just  below  Stony  Pork.  This  he 
operated  until  August,  1872,  when  he  came  to  Wellsboro  and  purchased  the  livery 
stable  on  Pearl  street,  now  owned  by  Samuel  E.  Smith.  He  was  actively  connected 
with  the  stable  for  five  years,  and  retained  an  interest  in  it  until  1888.  In  1877  he 
became  a  partner  with  his  brother.  James  S.,  in  the  management  of  the  Coles  House, 
previously  known  as  the  Bunnell  House,  the  firm  being  J.  S.  &  W.  E.  Coles.  Here  he 
remained  until  1882,  when  he  went  to  Tioga  and  took  charge  of  the  Park  Hotel, 
which  he  managed  for  nearly  five  years.  In  1887  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  remained  for  a  short  time.     After  keeping  hotel  for  a  year  in  Gilroy, 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  719 


and  spending  about  a  year  in  San  Francisco,  in  business,  he  returned  to  Tioga  county 
in  1890  and  leased  the  hotel  in  Elldand,  now  known  as  the  Sandbach  House,  which 
he  conducted  until  November,  1893.  He  then  came  to  Wellsboro,  and  succeeded  his 
brother,  James  S., — who  died  two  months  later — as  landlord  of  the  Coles  House,  for- 
merly known  as  the  Parkhurst  House.  On  August  1,  1896,  Mr.  Coles  bought  this 
property  of  the  estate  of  the  late  Charles  L.  Pattison,  and  has  since  spent  considerable 
money  in  repairing  and  improving  it.  Mr.  Coles  was  married  February  14,  1861, 
to  Lydia  A.  Knickerbocker,  a  daughter  of  Jared  Knickerbocker,  of  Smithville.  She 
became  the  mother  of  two  children,  viz:  Dora  E.,  widow  of  William  H.  Eoberts,  of 
Wellsboro,  and  Flora  D.,  wife  of  Mark  Wetherbee,  of  Broeton,  Chautauqua  county. 
New  York.  Mrs.  Coles  died  October  5,  1876,  aged  thirty-seven  years.  On  Sep- 
tember 32, 1892,  he  marriedMiss  Nellie  Manning.  In  politics,  Mr.  Coles  is  a  Eepubli- 
can.  He  is  a  member  of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317,  P.  &  A.  M.;  Tyagaghton  Com- 
mandery.  No.  28,  K.  T.,  and  Elkland  Lodge,  No.  800, 1.  0.  0.  F. 

Henet  Smith  was  bom  in  Orange  county.  New  York,  January  18,  1834,  and 
died  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  2,  1896.  He  was  a  son  of 
Samu:el  B.  and  Hiley  (Caskey)  Smith,  natives  of  New  York  state,  where  both  died. 
Henry  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  there  attended  the  common  schools,  and  when 
eighteen  years  of  age  became  a  member  of  the'firm  of  Masterson  &  Smith,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  wheelbarrows.  At  the  end  of  eighteen  months  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  and  Western  railroad  as  an  oil  man, 
but  after  six  weeks  was  promoted  to  assistant  conductor,  which  position  he  filled  two 
years.  He  was  then  made  conductor  of  a  freight  train  and  worked  as  such  up  to  1865 
when  he  was  promoted  to  the  conductorship  of  a  passenger  train,  which  he  held  con- 
tinuously until  1886.  In  that  year  he  went  to  Danville,  Illinois,  ran  a  railroad  res- 
taurant for  eight  months,  and  then  located  in  Horseheads,  New  York,  where  he 
operated  a  brickyard  four  years.  On  January  8,  1891,  he  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  and  in  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Austin  purchased  the  livery  stables  of  M.  L. 
Klock.  The  firm  of  Smith  &  Austin  carried  on  the  business  up  to  April,  1893,  when 
Mr.  Smith  bought  out  his  partner  and  conducted  the  business  alone  until  the  time 
of  his  death.  In  1862  he  married  Helen  M.  Everett,  a  daughter  of  Bennett  Everett, 
of  Orange  county.  New  York.  She  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  Alice  E.,  wife  of 
W.  D.  Eeynolds,  of  Horseheads,  New  York,  and  Samuel  E.,  who  has  had  charge  of  the 
livery  stables  since  the  death  of  his  father.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  member  of  the  Order 
of  Eailway  Conductors,  and  also  of  the  Knights  of  Honor.  Of  a  quiet,  retiring  dis- 
position, he  mixed  very  little  in  public  affairs,  devoting  his  whole  attention  to  the 
prosecution  of  his  business.  His  life  was  one  of  steady,  persistent  industry,  and 
was  marked  by  strict  integrity  and  a  high  sense  of  business  honor. 

Fbank  S.  Dunkle,  proprietor  of  the  Wilcox  House,  was  born  in  Hublersburg, 
Centre  county,  Pennsylvania,  September  3, 1855,  a  son  of  Michael  and  Julia  (Camer) 
Dunkle,  natives  of  this  State.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  followed  that  trade 
the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  Michael  Dunkle's  family  consisted  of  eleven  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  John,  a  hotel-keeper  in  Eidgway;  Julia,  widow  of 
John  W.  Bailey,  of  Wellsboro;  William,  a  hotel  clerk  at  Jersey  Shore;  Fremont,  a  res- 
ident of  Beech  Creek;  Prank  S.,  of  Wellsboro;  Forest,  a  hotel-keeper  of  Jersey  Shore, 
and  Annie,  who  resides  at  Beech  Creek.    Frank  S.  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 


720  HISTOBY    OP    TIOGA    COtTNTY.  , 

native  town,  and  when  seventeen  years  of  age  began  clerking  in  a  hotel  at  Jersey 
Shore,  which  position  he  filled  for  five  years.  He  then  located  at  Beech  Creek,  and 
later  took  a  contract  to  build  a  portion  of  the  Beech  Creek  railroad.  He  also  served 
as  a  constable  while  there.  In  the  spring  of  1884  he  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  and  conducted  the  pool  and  billiard  room  in  the  Coles  House  five  years,  and 
then  went  to  Jersey  Shore,  where  he  carried  on  the  Junction  House  for  fifteen 
months,  the  Globe  Hotel  for  one  year,  and  the  Hotel  Dunkle  eighteen  months.  On 
November  1,  1892,  he  returned  to  Wellsboro  to  take  charge  of  the  Wilcox  House, 
which  he  has  since  conducted  successfully.  Mr.  Dunkle  was  married  in  March,  1893, 
to  Miss  Anna  Jackson,  a  daughter  of  John  Jackson,  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  one  son, 
Donald  Eoss.  Mr.  Dunkle  is  a  member  of  the  P.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the 
Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle. 

DELMAE     T0V7NSHIP. 

Daniel  Habvby  Bacon  was  born  in  Farmington,  Litchfield  county,  Con- 
necticut, about  the  year  1764,  and  was  a  son  of  Daniel  Bacon,  a  grandson  of  Daniel 
Bacon,  and  a  great-grandson  of  Daniel  Bacon,  Sr.,  who  came  from  England  to 
America  prior  to  the  Revolution  and  settled  in  Middletown,  Connecticut.  Daniel 
H.  married  Lydia  Ellis,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  at  Owego,  New  York,  where  he 
located  about  the  yeart  1796.  Seven  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz: 
Chauncey,  Oliver,  Hannah,  Nancy,  Lewis,  Chloe  and  Daniel.  Mrs.  Bacon  died, 
and  he  was  again  married,  to  Mary  Zuber,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Caleb, 
John,  Lucy,  Hector  and  Homer.  Mr.  Bacon  and  family  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1815,  and  located  on  Marsh  creek,  then  within  the  limits  of 
Delmar  township.  He  remained  there  five  years,  and  in  1830  purchased  the  farm 
on  which  his  grandson,  Oliver,  now  lives.  On  this  farm  he  spent  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life,  dying  in  1850. 

Oliver  Bacon,  second  son  of  Daniel  Harvey  and  Lydia  (Ellis)  Bacon,  was 
born  in  Candor,  Tioga  county,  New  York,  in  1801,  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  when  fourteen  years  of  age,  where  he  grew  to  manhood. 
He  married  Catherine  Houghton,  a  daughter  of  Simeon  Houghton,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  in  Delmar  township  purchased  by  his  father  in  1820.  He  reared  the 
following  children:  Chauncey  and  Eunice,  both  deceased;  Simeon,  a  farmer  of 
Delmar;  Eli,  deceased;  Ferris,  a  clerk  in  the  railroad  office  at  Newberry,  Lycoming 
county;  Daniel,  deceased;  Lydia,  wife  of  George  F.  Butler,  of  Delmar;  Esther, 
wife  of  James  Vandergrift,  of  Delmar;  Aseph,  a  resident  of  Missouri;  Oliver,  who 
lives  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Delmar,  and  Seth,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Mr. 
Bacon  died  upon  his  farm  in  Delmar,  where  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  was  passed. 
His  widow  lives  with  her  son  Oliver.  She  was  born  in  Otsego  county,  New  York, 
August  36, 1805,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  residents  in  the  township. 

Simeon  Bacon  was  born  upon  the  Bacon  farm,  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga 
county,  June  12, 1830,  and  is  the  oldest  living  child  of  Oliver  and  Catherine  Bacon. 
He  obtained  his  education  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  township,  and  with 
the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  was  engaged  in  operating  a  grist-mill,  erected 
by  himself  in  Delmar,  he  has  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits, 
owning  a  fine  farm  of  235  acres  six  miles  southwest  of  Wellsboro.     In   1864  he 


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CL<l^^^<L^ 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  721 


enlisted  in  Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  in  June,  1865.  On  May  30,  1868,  he 
married  Frances  Skelton,  born  July  8,  1841,  in  Wilberforce,  England,  a  daughter 
of  George  and  Elizabeth  Skelton,  and  then  located  on  his  present  farm,  adjoining 
the  old  homestead.  They  have  one  daughter,  May,  now  the  wife  of  F.  6.  Nordstrom. 
Mrs.  Bacon  and  daughter  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Politi- 
cally, Mr.  Bacon  is  a  Eepublican,  has  served  nine  years  as  a  school  director,  one 
year  as  auditor,  and  five  years  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  one  of  the  substantial, 
enterprising  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

OnTEE  Bacon,  Jk.,  son  of  Oliver  and  Catherine  Bacon,  was  born  November 
14,  1845,  upon  his  present  homestead  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  farming 
pursuits.  September  6, 1869,  he  marled  Elsie  M.  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and 
Maria  Bartle.  She  bore  him  one  son,  Walter  A.,  bom  September  9,  1875,  whc 
married  Addie  Callahan.  He  is  a  farmer  by  occupation.  Mrs.  Bacon  died  Januarj 
29, 1877,  and  he  was  again  married  February  14, 1883,  to  Jennie  Bunnell,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Euretta  Bunnell,  of  Chenango  county.  New  York.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Bacon  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  a  school  director  for  three  years  and 
assessor  one  year.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  335  acres,  300  acres  of  which  are 
under  cultivation.  By  the  application  of  approved  and  scientific  methods  in  its 
cultivation,  and  the  exercise  of  good  judgment  in  its  equipment,  he  has  made  it 
one  of  the  model  and  profit-paying  farms  of  the  county.  Mr.  Bacon  is  a  thorough 
business  man,  and  attributes  his  success  to  a  strict  adherence  to  sound  business 
principles  in  the  management  of  his  farm.  He  gives  his  personal  attention  to  every 
detail,  and  as  a  result,  every  tilled  acre  is  in  the  very  best  possible  condition  for 
profitable  production.  In  1894  he  purchased  a  property  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  in- 
tends spending  the  evening  of  a  busy  and  successful  life  retired  from  the  cares  of 
business. 

William  Ebeeektz  immigrated  from  Germany  to  Pennsylvania  in  1817,  when 
he  was  but  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  soon  after  located  in  Tioga  county.  Here  he 
married  Mary  Hoover,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  Hoover,  who  lived  near  Wellsboro, 
and  immediately  settled  on  a  tract  of  timber  land  which  he  purchased  from  Morris, 
paying  $1.50  an  acre  for  it  in  county  orders,  which  he  earned  by  clearing  up  the 
public  square  in  Wellsboro,  then  covered  with  timber  and  underbrush.  The  young 
couple  were  very  industrious  and  practiced  the  most  rigid  economy.  They  reared 
a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  Mary,  wife  of  Edwin  Matson,  Sr.;  John,  who  was 
drowned  when  twenty-one  years  old;  Canelia,  deceased  wife  of  Elisha  Brown; 
Margaret,  deceased  wife  of  H.  Guernsey;  Charles,  who  died  in  1883,  and  Caroline, 
wife  of  James  H.  Smith.  The  wilderness  condition  of  the  country  may  be  realized 
by  the  reader  of  to-day  when  infomnied  that  Mrs.  Eberenz  used  to  say  that  she  did 
not  see  the  face  of  a  white  woman  for  three  years  after  moving  into  their  cabin. 
She  made  moccasins  for  her  children  out  of  deer  skins,  and  the  family  knew  only 
bear  and  deer  meat,  while  their  couch  at  night  was  composed  of  the  skins  of  wild 
animals.  No  luxuries  entered  that  humble  cabin.  Grain  was  scarce  and  flour 
hard  to  obtain.  At  that  time  the  county  contained  less  than  500  taxable  inhabi- 
tants and  Wellsboro  had  less  than  a  dozen  log  houses.     Mr.  Eberenz  was  a  sub- 

46 


722  HISTOHT     OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

stantial  citizen  and  left  to  his  son  Charles  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  Delmar.  He 
was  remarkable  for  his  pleasant  disposition  and  social  qualities,  and  the  quaint 
sayings  and  humorous  anecdotes  of  "Uncle  Billy  Eberenz,"  as  he  was  familiarly 
called,  are  well  remembered  by  the  older  residents  of  Wellsboro.  He  spent  three 
score  years  on  the  farm  which  he  carved  out  of  the  forest  with  his  own  hands,  and 
died  May  31,  1880,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine  years.  His  wife  died  December  37, 
1865,  aged  seventy  years.  They  passed  through  the  trials  and  vicissitudes  of  pioneer 
life,  and  when  they  died  an  abundance  of  the  good  things  of  life  surrounded  their 
home. 

Charles  Ebeeenz  was  born  on  the  Eberenz  farm  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga 
county,  youngest  son  of  William  Eberenz.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead, 
attended  the  common  schools  of  the  district  in  boyhood,  and  followed  agriculture  all 
his  life.  He  married  Sarah  Brubaker,  and  reared  three  children,  viz:  Mary  E., 
wife  of  John  Brubaker;  Julia,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  and  William  B.,  of 
Delmar.  Mr.  Eberenz  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  both  died  in  that  faith.  He  was  one  of  the  active  Democrats  of  his  township, 
and  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs. 

William  B.  Ebeeenz  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  September  1,  1856,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Charles  Eberenz, 
and  grandson  of  William  Eberenz,  the  pioneer.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
during  his  boyhood  years,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  He 
has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Carrie  D.  Bartle,  and  bore  him  one 
daughter,  Sarah,  born  October  37,  1883.  Mrs.  Eberenz  died  September  37,  1884, 
and  on  December  15,  1886,  he  married  Lettie  Kizer,  a  daughter  of  William  Kizer, 
of  Wellsboro,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Harold,  born  April  34,  1889, 
and  Florence  lone,  born  November  8,  1895.  The  Eberenz  farm,  containing  380 
acres,  is  one  of  the  model  farms  of  Delmar,  and  Mr.  Eberenz  carries  on  a  dairy  in  con- 
nection therewith.  In  polities,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  respected 
farmers  of  the  township. 

Zenas  Pn5LD,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  March  1,  1776,  came  from  Ver- 
mont to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1817,  and  purchased  154  acres  of  land  in 
Delmar  township.  Building  his  cabin  in  the  midst  of  the  primitive  forest  he  went 
bravely  to  work  to  make  a  home  for  himself  and  family.  He  was  a  stonemason  and 
worked  at  his  trade  in  connection  with  his  farm  duties.  He  was  married  in  Vermont 
to  Polly  Pollett,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz:  Eliphas,  Isaac  P., 
Eoxeylana,  Moses  D.,  Nelson  and  Mary,  all  of  whom  are  dead,  and  Lucinda,  deceased 
wife  of  Charles  Billings,  of  Nebraska.  Mr.  Field  and  wife  continued  to  live  on  the 
homestead  in  Delmar  until  their  death. 

Isaac  P.  Field,  son  of  Zenas  Field,  was  born  in  A^'ermont,  August  9,  1805,  and 
came  with  his  parent*  to  Delmar  township,  Tioga  countj^,  when  about  twelve  years 
old.  He  assisted  them  in  clearing  and  improving  the  old  homestead,  which  became 
his  property  at  their  death.  He  married  Catherine  McCarty,  and  reared  three  chil- 
dren, viz:  Daniel,  of  Delmar;  Bispa,  wife  of  Charles  M.  Dartt,  of  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  and  Everett,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eighteen.  Mr.  Field  continued  to 
reside  in  Delmar  up  to  his  death,  in  1878;  his  wife  died  in  November,  1885. 

Daniel  Field,  only  living  son  of  Isaac  P.  Field,  and  grandson  of  Zenas  Field, 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  723 


■was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  May  1,  1824.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead, 
obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  has  followed  farming  and  lum- 
bering since  eariy  manhood.  In  1857  he  purchased  from  his  father  150  acres  of 
land  southwest  of  Wellsboro,  upon  which  he  has  since  resided,  but  has  sold  off 
forty  acres  of  the  original  tract.  On  July  14,  1853,  he  married  Lovisa  F.  Webb, 
to  which  union  have  been  born  eleven  children,  viz:  AVilbur  I.,  of  Wellsboro;  Otis, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-three;  Frank  E.,  of  Delmar;  Ferdinand  E.,  Orrin 
D.,  and  Ransford  W.,  all  residents  of  Wellsboro;  Arthur  G.,  of  Delmar;  Harry  B., 
weighmaster  for  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad  Company  at  Corning,  New  York;  Perley 
W.,  who  lives  in  Wellsboro;  Minnie  C,  wife  of  Elwin  Steele,  of  Delmar,  and  Vinnie 
C,  who  lives  at  home.  Mr.  Field  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  also  of  tlie 
Grange.  In  polities,  a  Republican,  he  has  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  justice  of 
the  peace  and  collector. 

Feedinand  R.  Field  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  eoimty,  J\me  5, 
1859,  a  son  of  Daniel  Field.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  after  arriving  at  manhood  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  in  summer 
and  working  in  the  woods  in  the  winter  season.  He  also  operated  a  threshing  ma- 
chine for  six  years.  In  1890  he  and  S.  L.  Herrington  built  the  Wellsboro  Roller 
Mills,  but  in  1893  he  sold  his  interest  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  with  W. 
A.  Hammond,  continuing  it  eighteen  months.  He  has  since  followed  farming  and 
shipping,  commenciQg  the  latter  business  several  years  ago.  In  July,  1896,  his 
brother,  Ransford  W.,  became  his  partner,  and  the  firm  has  since  been  F.  E.  &  R. 
W.  Field.  On  September  3,  1873,  Mr.  Field  married  Mary  L.  Mills,  a  daughter 
of  Samuel  and  Mary  Mills,  of  Round  Top,  Charleston  township,  and  has  one  daugh- 
ter, Addie  M.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  assessor, 
constable  and  collector  of  Delmar,  holding  the  latter  office  from  1886  to  1890.  In 
religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.,  both  Lodge  and  Encampment,  and  also  with  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  and  the  P.  of  H. 

Ransfoed  W.  Field  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  June  33, 
1861,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  Field.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm  and  obtained 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Delmar,  the  High  School  of  Wellsboro  ajid 
Williamsport  Commercial  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1884.  He  taught 
school  and  farmed  until  January  1,  1895,  when  he  was  appointed  a  deputy  sheriff, 
which  position  he  filled  until  July  1,  1896,  at  which  time  he  became  a  member  of 
the  present  firm  of  F.  E.  &  R.  W.  Field,  wholesale  dealers  in  hay,  grain  and  general 
produce.  Mr.  Field  was  married  April  36,  1887,  to  Jennie  M.  Roland,  a  daughter 
of  H.  C.  and  Sarah  Roland,  of  Delmar,  and  has  one  son.  Fay.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  O.  F.  and  the  P.  of  H. 

Moses  D.  Field  was  born  in  Vermont,  March  18,  1810,  a  son  of  Zenas  and 
Polly  Field,  and  was  about  seven  years  old  when- his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county. 
He  was  reared  on  the  homestead,  and  devoted  his  entire  life  to  farming  and  lumber- 
ing, a  portion  of  the  time  on  the  home  farm  settled  by  his  father.  He  married  Amy 
Walker,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Loretta  (Greene)  Walker,  November  9,  1834,  and 
to  them  were  bom  the  following  children:  Delos  and  Ethan,  both  deceased;  Darwin 
S.,  of  Delmar;  Charles,  who  resides  in  the  west;  George,  of  Lawrence  township; 
Flora  L.,  deceased;  Henry,  who  lives  in  the  west,  and  Herman,  deceased.     Amanda 


>J24:  HISTOET    01"    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

M.  Dewey  was  adopted  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Field  when  an  infant,  and  is  the  wife  of 
John  Butler,  of  Delmar.  Mr.  Field  died  May  14,  1888.  His  widow  resides  with 
her  son,  Darwin  S.  The  family  are  adherents  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
in  which  faith  Mr.  Field  lived  and  died.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepubliean,  and 
filled  the  office  of  constable,  also  collector,  in  Delmar. 

Daewin  S.  Field,  oldest  living  child  of  Moses  D.  Field,  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  13,  1842.  He  grew  to  manhood  upon  the  homestead 
farm,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Wellsboro  Academy.  He 
worked  on  the  home  farm  and  in  the  lumber  woods  until  his  majority,  and  then 
continued  to  cultivate  rented  farms  on  shai-es  for  sixteen  years.  In  the  meantime 
he  had  purchased  his  present  fann  in  Delmar,  and  settled  upon  it  in  the  spring  of 
1883.  It  is  located  at  the  southern  limits  of  Wellsboro,  and  contains  sixty-seven 
acres.  Mr.  Field  has  operated  a  threshing  machine  during  the  fall  seasons  for 
the  past  fourteen  years,  and  also  runs  a  hay  press  and  power  wood-saw.  August 
2,  1863,  he  married  Lurania  Torpy,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Artemishia  (Balch) 
Torpy,  and  has  two  children,  viz:  Stella  J.,  wife  of  Delbert  H.  Darby,  of  Hoytville, 
and  Ella  M.,  wife  of  Charles  Benauer,  of  Delmar  township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Field 
are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  he  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.,  both  Lodge  and  Encampment.  In  politics,  a  Eepubliean,  he  has  served  as 
township  supervisor  two  terms. 

Allen  Butlee,  a  native  of  Vermont,  bom  May  14,  1771,  married  Susanna 
Borden,  of  !N"ew  Hampshire,  and  in  1817  came  to  Tioga  count}',  Pennsylvania,  and 
settled  on  the  present  Butler  farm  in  Delmar  township.  Here  he  resided  until  his 
death,  January  9,  1846.  His  wife  died  January  15,  1850.  They  were  the  parents 
of  nine  children,  named  as  follows:  Belinda,  Betsey,  Allen,  Hartford,  Wellman, 
Eunice,  Dolly,  Selden  and  Crete. 

Wellman-  Butlee  was  bom  in  New  Hampshire,  October  39,  1801,  a  son  of 
Allen  and  Susanna  Butler.  He  was  sixteen  years  old  when  the  family  came  to  this 
county,  and  the  balance  of  his  life  was  spent  on  the  old  homestead  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, where  he  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  agiieulture.  In  1823  he  married 
Nancy  Ehoads,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Well- 
man  S.,  a  resident  of  Nebraska;  Nancy  J.,  deceased  wife  of  Benjamin  Wilcox;  John 
M.,  of  Delmar  township:  George  F-,  a  resident  of  Stokesdale,  and  I>aniel,  who  lives 
in  the  west.  Mrs.  Butler  died  July  30,  1834,  and  he  was  again  married  Februai;y 
23,  1835,  to  Margaret  M.  Steel,  who  bore  him  two  children:  Harlon,  deceased,  and 
Margaxet  B.,  wife  of  Alva  Kennedy,  a  resident  of  Minnesota.  Mr.  Butler  and  wife 
were  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  filled  the  office  of  dea- 
con.    They  died  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Delmar  township. 

John  M.  Butlee  was  born  upon  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga 
county,  January  15,  1830,  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  aaid  has  always 
lived  upon  the  same  place.  In  early  life  he  spent  his  winters  in  the  lumber  woods, 
and  was  well  known  as  a  pilot  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.  With  the 
exception  of  that  period,  he  has  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
The  Butler  farm  contains  144  acres,  and  he  makes  dairying  a  specialty.  Mr.  But- 
ler was  married  June  10,  1852,  to  Amanda  M.  Dewey,  an  adopted  daughter  of  Moses 
D.  Field,  who  has  borne  him  four  children,  viz:    Allen,  Amy  Adella,  who  married 


BI06KAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  725 


Adelbert  Warner,  of  Morris,  and  has  one  daughter,  Grace;  Charles  6.,  who  married 
Jennie  Ailen,  and  has  had  six  children.  Hazel,  .Dewain,  Bernice,  Ruth,  one  that  died 
in  infancy,  and  Fay  J.;  and  Grace,  wife  of  Miles  Blackwell,  of  Blaekwells,  Tioga 
county,  who  has  one  son,  Milon  E.  Mrs.  Butler  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  both  she  and  her  husband  are  connected  with  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry.  Their  sons,  Allen  and  Charles  G.,  live  upon  the  home  farm  and 
assist  in  its  cultivation.  In  polities,  the  family  are  supporters  of  the  Republican 
party. 

Simeon'  Houghton,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  by  trade  a  carpenter,  came 
to  Otsego  county.  New  York,  where  he  followed  his  trade  for  some  years.  On 
April  10, 1818,  he  located  on  the  present  Houghton  farm  in  Delmax  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  which  was  then  covered  with  the  primitive  forest.  He  erected 
a  cabin  and  began  the  work  of  making  a  home  for  himself  and  family.  He  had 
previously  married  Rachel  Dean,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  Cath- 
erine, widow  of  Oliver  Bacon,  who  resides  with  her  son  Oliver  in  Delmar  township; 
Eerris,  Jemima,  Jeremiah,  Olive  and  Esther,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Houghton  passed  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives  in  this  county. 

Jeremiah  Houghton,  born  in  Otsego  county,  New  York,  April  10,  1813,  came 
to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  when  five  years  old.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm 
in  Delmar,  and  spent  his  entire  life  in  this  county  on  the  same  property,  settled  by 
his  father  in  1818.  He  married  Susan  F.  Horton,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Horton, 
of  Delmar,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Charles,  a  wagonmaker  at  Tiadaghton; 
Sylvester,  a  wagonmaker  in  Wellsboro;  P]dgar,  a  resident  of  Morris;  Thomas,  of 
Delmar,  and  "William  L.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  years.  Mr.  Houghton 
was  an  active  Republican,  in  politics,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  were  members  of 
the  Baptist  church.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  some  twelve  years,  and  died 
on  Ms  farm,  April  30, 1886.  His  widow  resides  with  her  son  Thomas  in  that  town- 
ship. 

Thomas  Houghton,  youngest  living  child  of  Jeremiah  Houghton,  was  born 
on  his  present  homestead  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  April  33,  1847,  there 
grew  to  manhood,  and  purchased  the  farm  from  his  father  in  1876,  since  which 
time  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  its  cultivation.  On  October  9,  1888,  he  mar- 
ried Mary  Vandergrift,  a  daughter  of  James  Vandergrift,  of  Delmar,  and  has  two 
children,  Mazie  and  Blanche.  Mrs.  Houghton  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Houghton  is  a  Republican,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  township 
clerk  and  treasurer  one  term  each.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  E.,  and  the  P.  of 
H.,  in  which  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

John  Eellows,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  born  in  1774,  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  about  1824,  and  purchased  a  farm  near  Wellsboro,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death,  in  18.53,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  He  married  Edna  Dabold,  of 
Connecticut,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Erastus,  Asahel,  Edwin,  Horace, 
Hulda,  widow  of  David  Heise,  Merrit  and  Eliza.  Mrs.  Eellows  died  at  the  home 
of  her  daughter,  Hulda,  in  1876,  aged  ninety-three  years. 

Asahel  Eellows  was  born  in  Canaan,  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  Novem- 
ber 23,  1803,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  soon 
after  boxight  a  farm  in  Delmar  township,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death. 


726  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    OOTJNTT. 

March  2,  1889.  He  married  Elvira  Puller,  December  14,  1835.  She  was  bom 
JSToYember  26,  1810,  and  became  the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Elijah  J., 
who  died  December  15,  1854,  in  his  twenty-seventh  j'ear;  Eliza  J.,  wife  of  Fred 
Sticktey,  of  Wellsboro;  Polly  M.,  who  died  June  37, 1861,  in  her  twenty-fourth  year; 
George  Leroy,  of  Delmar;  Sarali  M.,  wife  of  Melvin  Boyden,  and  Edna,  wife  of 
Joseph  Benauer,  both  of  whom  live  in  Delmar  township.  Mrs.  Fellows  died  April 
5,  1893,  in  her  eighty-third  year. 

Geohgb  Leeoy  Fellows  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Novem- 
ber 9, 1839,  and  on  attaining  his  majority  took  charge  of  the  homestead  farm,  upon 
which  he  has  spent  his  entire  life,  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  On  November 
36,  1863,  he  married  Ehoda  Hoag,  of  Delmar,  and  has  one  son,  Edwin  D.,  bom 
January  38, 1 867.  The  latter  married  Carrie  Holiday,  and  has  two  children,  Berniee 
and  Errick.     Mrs.  Fellows  died  November  37,  1896,  aged  fifty-one  years. 

Benjamin  Fuhman,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  bom  May  4,  1771,  came  from 
Northumberland  county  to  Tioga  county,  about  1833,  and  located  on  Pine  creek, 
at  what  is  now  known  as  Furmantown.  Three  years  later  he  purchased  a  farm  ia 
Delmar  township  upon  which  he  passed  the  remaining  years  af  his  life.  He  mar- 
ried Jane  Wilkinson,  who  bore  him  six  children,  named  as  follows:  Harkley  and 
Edie,  both  deceased;  Coleman,  a  resident  of  Coming,  New  York;  Wilkinson,  and 
Daniel,  both  farmers  of  Delmar,  and  Jane,  deceased.  The  mother  died  upon  the 
old  homestead  in  Delmar. 

Wilkinson  Fuekan  was  bom  in  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  Sep- 
tember 31,  1831,  and  was  about  two  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  this  county. 
After  attaining  his  majority,  he  purchased  fifty-three  acres  a  short  distance  north- 
west of  Stony  Fork,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  Mr. 
Furman  was  married  May  11,  1844,  to  Caroline  Morsman,  a  daughter  of  Silas  Mors- 
man,  of  Charleston  township.  She  was  bom  September  11, 1834,  and  is  the  mother 
of  three  children,  viz:  George  Bertron,  bom  April  35,  1846,  who  was  killed  by  the 
cars  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  January  16,  1873;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Thomas  Horton, 
of  Shippen  township,  and  Sarah  A.,  who  married  Charles  A.  Buckley,  and  died 
October  20,  1888.  In  politics,  Mr.  Furman  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

William  Howe  was  bom  in  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
38,  1806,  a  son  of  Nathan  and  Catherine  (Furman)  Howe,  of  English  and  German 
ancestry.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  coimty,  and  when  twenty-two 
years  of  age  came  to  Tioga  county,  where  he  purchased  100  acres  of  forest  land 
in  Delmar  township,  now  knowm  as  the  Howe  farm.  He  cleared  and  improved  his 
property,  and  resided  upon  it  until  his  death,  June  33,  1887.  He  married  Chloe 
Bacon,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Bacon,  of  Delmar  township,  who  bore  him  five  children, 
viz:  Lydia,  wife  of  W.  W.  English,  of  Delmar;  John  W.,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
nineteen;  Emma  E.,  deceased  wife  of  W.  W.  English;  Morris  D.,  of  Delmar,  and 
Oliver  B.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eleven  years.  Mr.  Howe  was  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  in  politics,  an  ardent  Eepublican.  Mrs.  Howe  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church.  She  resided  with  her  son,  Morris  D.,  on  the  old  home- 
stead until  her  death,  December  29,  1894,  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years. 

MoHEis  D.  Howe,  only  living  son  of  William  Howe,  was  born  upon  his  present 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  727 


farm  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  June  23,  1850,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life 
thereon.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  district,  and  when  twenty-one  years 
old  began  -n-orking  the  farm  on  shares,  which  he  continued  for  six  years,  and  then 
purchased  it  from  his  father.  In  1884  he  rented  a  hay  press,  and  in  1886  purchased 
one,  which  he  has  operated  each  fall  and  winter  season  since.  He  has  also  worked  at 
lumbering  more  or  less  for  some  years.  In  ]  891,  in  partnership  with  J.  Bottom  & 
Company,  he  purchased  a  timber  tract  of  657  acres  on  Cedar  run,  and  they  have 
taken  the  timber  off  about  one-half  of  it.  In  1892  he  built  a  feed-mill,  to  which 
he  added  a  shingle-mill  in  1893,  both  of  which  he  has  operated  since  their  erection. 
Mr.  Howe  was  married  January  26,  1870,  to  Isabel  "Willard,  a  daughter  of  Joseph 
Willard,  of  Delmar,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  iive  children,  viz:  Euth,  Homer 
B.,  Eena  B.,  Fred,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  Politically,  Mr.  Howe  is  a  Eepubli- 
can,  and  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  since  1890.  He  is  a  member  of  Stony 
Fork  Lodge,  No.  564, 1.  0.  0.  F. 

William  Lee  Spencee  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a  farmer,  millwright 
and  miller.  He  married  Senie  Phelps,  who  bore  him  three  children,  all  of  whom 
are  dead:  Lyman,  Orange  and  James.  Mrs.  Spencer  died,  and  some  years  later 
he  was  again  married,  to  which  union  were  born  two  children,  Thomas  and  Jonathan, 
both  of  whom  reside  in  the  west.  After  his  second  marriage  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania^  where  both  he  and  his  wife  spent  the  remaining  years  of 
their  lives. 

Ltman  Spencee,  eldest  child  of  William  Lee  and  Senie  (Phelps)  Spencer,  came 
with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county.  He  learned  the  miller's  trade  with  his  father, 
and  after  his  marriage  located  on  a  rented  farm  near  Mansfield,  where  he  lived  a  few 
years,  and  later  lived  on  a  farm  near  Stokesdale,  until  his  removal  to  Van  Etten- 
ville.  New  York.  Four  years  afterward  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  made  his 
home  with  his  son,  Alenson,  until  his  death,  July  16,  1875,  in  his  seventy-ninth 
year.  Mr.  Spencer  married  Asenath  Eumsey,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  twelve 
children,  viz:  Carlonas,  a  resident  of  Iowa;  Massanello,  who  died  in  infancy; 
Lorenzo  D.,  a  resident  of  Oxford,  Teniiessee;  Lorensa  A.,  deceased;  Loretta,  wife 
of  Argalus  Ford,  of  Mainesburg;  Alenson,  of  Delinar;  Asenath,  deceased;  Can- 
sonetta,  widow  of  G-eorge  Kress;  Blyman  A.,  of  Delmar;  Britianna,  wife  of  E.  B. 
Pond,  of  Wellsboro;  Massanello,  a  resident  of  Delmar,  and  James  C,  of  the  same 
township.     Mrs.  Spencer  died  April  11,  1865,  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  her  age. 

Alenson  Spencee,  millwright  and  carpenter,  was  born  in  Mainesburg,  Tioga 
county,  October  19,  1826,  a  son  of  Lyman  and  Asenath  Spencer.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  and  when  twenty-six  years  old  commenced  working  at  the  carpenter's 
trade,  which  he  followed  three  years.  For  the  succeeding  twenty-four  years  he 
operated  a  saw  and  grist-mill  in  Wellsboro,  for  John  Dickinson.  At  the  end  of 
this  time  he  removed  to  his  present  farm  in  Delmar,  but  after  four  years  returned 
to  Wellsboro,  ajid  in  partnership  with  Edward  C.  Dickinson,  erected  the  present 
grist-mill,  which  they  operated  together  three  years.  He  then  purchased  Mr.  Dick- 
inson's interest  and  conducted  the  mill  alone  for  three  years,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  his  farm  in  the  spring  of  1891.  It  contains  237  acres,  purchased  during 
the  time  he  worked  for  John  Dickinson,  and  is  located  two  miles  north  of  Wellsboro. 
Mr.  Spencer  was  married  January  2,  1853,  to  Catherine  S.  Hiltbold,  a  daughter  of 


728  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Henry  and  Phoebe  (Furman)  Hiltbold,  of  Delmar.  Eleven  children  have  been  bom 
to  this  marriage,  viz:  A.  Edward,  who  man-ied  Ada  Leisenring,  and  operates  the 
grist-mill  in  Wellsboro;  Samantha  V.,  wife  of  Horatio  Culver,  of  Delmar;  Susan 
M.,  wife  of  L.  M.  Fleming,  of  Wellsboro;  Henry  L.,  of  Delmar,  who  married  Martha 
Fleming;  James  D.,  deceased;  Lizzie  D.,  wife  of  George  K.  Johnson,  of  Delmar; 
Sadie  A.,  deceased;  William  W.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  who  married  Anna  Leisen- 
ring; Lucy  May,  wife  of  L.  A.  Goodwin,  of  Stony  Fork;  Eichard  E.,  of  Delmar, 
who  married  Mary  Powlison,  and  Fannie  D.,  who  married  W.  F.  Dewey,  of  Wells- 
boro. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spencer  are  members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and 
in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

IsEAEL  Stone,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  in  1801,  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1832,  and  purchased  fifty  acres  of  land  in  Delmar  township,  upon 
which  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life.  He  was  twice  married,  first  to  Abbie 
Dean,  in  Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Adaline,  wife  of  Henry 
Wilson,  of  Delmar;  Abigail  and  Dewite,  both  deceased;  Orrin,  a  resident  of  Broome 
county,  'Rew  York,  and  Eugene  Howard,  of  Delmar.  Mrs.  Stone  died  in  February, 
1844.  He  was  again  married,  to  Amanda  A.  Howe,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz: 
William  A.,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  congressman  of  Pittsburg,  and  Israel  G.,  a  resi- 
dent of  Delmar  township.  In  politics,  Mr.  Stone  was  originally  a  Whig  and  later 
a  Eepublican.  He  was  assessor  of  Delmar  for  several  years,  also  township  clerk  and 
treasurer  for  a  number  of  terms,  a  county  auditor  for  three  terms,  and  a  school 
director  for  a  long  period.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church,  and 
died  in  that  faith,  November  9,  1887.  Mr.  Stone  was  one  of  the  progressive,  enter- 
prising and  successful  citizens  of  the  county,  and  was  highly  respected  by  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  lived. 

Eugene  Howaed  Stone  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  January 
31,  1843,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Israel  and  Abbie  Stone.  He  was  reared  on 
the  homestead  farm,  and  in  August,  1861,  when  but  nineteen  years  old,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  E,  Forty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  known  as  the  "Bucktails," 
and  participated  in  the  following  battles:  South  Mountain,  Antietam  and  Mechanics- 
vUle,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner,  June  37,  1863,  and  held  forty  days  in  Libby 
and  Belle  Isle  prisons.  He  was  then  exchanged  and  returned  to  his  regiment,  and 
served  until  August  7,  1864,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged,  at  Petersburg, 
Virginia.  Eetuming  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county,  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
for  six  years,  and  subsequently  cultivated  a  farm  in  Charleston  township  on  shares 
two  years.  He  then  purchased  a  farm  in  Shippen  township,  but  at  the  end  of  a 
year  sold  it  and  went  to  Pawnee  county,  Kansas,  and  took  up  160  acres  of  land. 
He  remained  there  some  three  years,  then  sold  out  and  returned  to  the  old  home- 
stead, on  which  he  lived  one  year.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  purchased  a  farm  in 
Shippen  township,  lived  upon  it  four  years,  and  subsequently  four  years  more  on 
the  home  farm.  Eetuming  to  his  farm  in  Shippen,  he  resided  there  until  the  spring 
of  1893,  when  he  bought  his  present  farm  in  Delmar,  adjoining  his  Shippen  farm, 
both  embracing  190  acres.  Mr.  Stone  was  married  November  9,  1864,  to  Sarah,  a 
daughter  of  Ephraim  Francis,  of  Charleston  township.  They  are  the  parents  of 
four  children,  viz:  Frederick  A.,  Mary  A.,  wife  of  George  Campbell,  of  Delmar; 
Winifred  A.,  and  Sarah  E.     Politically,  Mr.  Stone  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served 


BIOGBAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  729 


as  a  school  director  in  Shippen  township  one  term,  and  supervisor  three  terms.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  P.  of  H.,  the  G.  A.  E.  and  the  Union  Veteran 
Legion. 

EoBEET  Campbell  was  bom  in  Lodi,  Seneca  county.  New  York,  May  3,  1809, 
and  was  a  son  of  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Seely)  Campbell.  His  father  was  bom 
near  Cork,  Ireland,  June  30,  1770,  came  to  the  United  States  after  attaining  his 
majority,  and  located  at  Bath,  Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  married  Elizabeth 
Seely,  bom  in  Newtown,  now  Elmira,  New  York,  December  19,  1790,  and  subse- 
quently located  in  Seneca  county,  where  both  he  and  wife  died.  They  were  the 
parents  of  fourteen  children,  named  as  follows:  Margaret,  Eobert,  James,  Caroline, 
Marthaline,  Jane  T.,  William  P.,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Newell  T.,  Maria  A.,  Abraham 
M.,  Norman  and  Ann  E.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
whence  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  the  farm  in  Delmar 
township  now  owned  by  his  son  William.  After  a  short  stay  in  Tioga  county,  he 
returned  to  Lodi,  New  York,  where  he  taught  school  for  two  years,  then  came  back 
to  this  county,  taught  school  for  four  terms,  and  settled  permanently  on  his  farm. 
On  October  3,  1837,  he  married  Jane  S.  Knight,  a  daughter  of  Luke  and  Jane 
(Siiydam)  Knight.  She  was  born  April  5,  1815,  and  became  the  mother  of  five 
children,  viz:  Oscar,  born  January  3,  1839,  a  farmer  in  Delmar  township;  Edwin, 
born  April  7,  1840,  a  farmer  in  the  same  township;  William,  of  Delmar;  Franklia, 
born  October  1, 1845,  and  died  March  31, 1856,  and  Maiy,  bom  August  14, 1848,  wife 
of  Burt  Schrader,  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Campbell  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  in  politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat.  He  died  upon  his  fajrm 
in  Delmar,  June  11,  1890,  and  his  wife,  January  29,  1885. 

William  Campbell  was  born  upon  the  homestead  farm  in  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  June  30, 1841,  and  is  the  third  son  of  Eobert  Campbell.  He  attended 
the  common  schools  of  the  district  in  boyhood,  and  has  always  lived  upon  the  home 
farm,  which  he  purchased  at  his  father's  death.  It  contains  150  acres  of  well- 
improved  land,  and  he  makes  a  specialty  of  dairy  farming  and  sheep  growing.  On 
September  19,  1882,  he  married  Sarah  Phinnie  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  E.  D.  Bartle, 
of  Delmar  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Cora  B.,  born 
July  31, 1883;  Franklin  E.,  January  14,  1886;  Harry  C,  March  16,  1890,  and  died 
August  6,  following,  and  Erwin  B.,  bora  October  13,  1893.  Mr.  Campbell  is  an 
ardent  Democrat,  and  may  be  safely  classed  among  the  leading  farmers  of  his  native 
township. 

James  Campbell  was  born  in  Lodi,  Seneca  county,  New  York,  July  33,  1812, 
and  is  the  oldest  living  child  of  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Seely)  Campbell.  He 
was  reared  upon  a  farm  in  his  native  county,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1833,  locating  in  Delmar  township.  Three  years  later  he  purchased  the 
farm  now  owned  by  his  brother,  William  P.,  on  which  he  lived  a  short  time  engaged 
in  clearing  and  improving  it.  In  1850  he  purchased  his  present  farm,  but  after  five 
years  sold  it  and  bought  a  farm  in  Sullivan  township.  He  subsequently  traded  his 
Sullivan  farm  for  the  one  previously  owned  in  Delmar  township,  on  which  he  has 
since  resided.  Mr.  Campbell  was  married  March  37,  1833,  to  Emma  M.  Ely,  a 
daughter  of  William  and  Fannie  (Curry)  Ely.  She  was  born  September  39,  1816, 
and  became  the  mother  of  eight  children,  viz:    William  E.,  born  September  7,  1835, 


730  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


and  died  November  5,  1837;  Elizabeth  C,  born  June  15, 1838,  wife  of  Eugene  Mil- 
ler, of  Slate  Eun;  I'ranees,  born  July  13,  1840,  wife  of  Samuel  Kendriek,  of  Stony 
Eork;  Margaxet,  born  May  4,  1844,  wife  of  J.  B.  Wilcox,  of  Wellsboro;  Archibald, 
bom  March  27, 1847,  an  insurance  agent  of  New  York  City;  Cornelia,  born  August 
18, 1850,  wife  of  Orrin  Williams,  of  Wellsboro;  Edward  H.,  born  February  9,  1852, 
a  resident  of  Delmar,  and  Harriet,  bom  January  16,  1854,  wife  of  Thomas  Frost, 
of  Elmira,  New  York.  Mrs.  Campbell  died  September  5, 1889,  in  the  seventy-fourth 
year  of  her  age.  Mr.  Campbell  resides  with  his  son,  Edward  H.,  on  the  old  home- 
stead, and  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Delmar. 

Edward  H.  Campbell,  a  son  of  James  Campbell,  was  born  upon  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides,  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  February  9,  1852,  attended 
the  district  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and  has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to 
farming.  On  December  25,  1873,  he  married  Sophia  E.  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  E. 
D.  Bartle,  of  Delmar  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Edith 
I.,  born  April  29,  1875,  and  died  May  24,  1883;  Tracy  Elsworth,  bom  August  18, 
1879;  Cordelia,  bom  May  19,  1885,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Campbell  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle. 

Newell  T.  Campbell,  a  prominent  retired  farmer  of  Delmar  township,  was 
bom  in  Lodi,  Seneca  county.  New  York,  June  28,  1837,  a  son  of  Archibald  and 
Elizabeth  (Seely)  Campbell.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  obtained  a  common 
school  education  in  his  native  county.  In  1850  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  purchased  a  portion  of  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  to  which 
he  has  added  by  subsequent  purchases  until  he  now  owns  one  of  the  best  farms  in 
this  locality.  Mr.  Campbell  was  married  December  3,  1857,  to  Angeline  Houghton, 
a  daughter  of  Ferris  H.  Houghton,  of  Delmar,  to  which  union  have  been  born  two 
children,  viz:  Norman,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven,  and  Estella,  who  mar- 
ried E.  W.  Toles,  of  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  and  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-one  years, 
leaving  one  daughter,  Myrtle.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Campbell  attend  the  Presbyterian 
church  of  Wellsboro,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat.  He  has  been  assistant 
assessor  of  his  township,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  Del- 
mar, where  he  has  lived  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

Simon  G.  Willcox,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  settled  in  Chenango  county.  New 
York,  in  early  life,  and  there  remained  until  his  eleven  children  were  bom.  He 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  184.3,  and  lived  among  his  children.  He 
was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Anna  Cartwright,  a  native  of  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, bore  him  a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  Phoebe,  deceased  wife  of  Aaron 
Symonds;  Anna,  deceased;  Job,  deceased;  Mary  D.,  deceased  wife  of  Sylvanus 
Moore,  Jr.;  Clarissa  H.,  deceased  wife  of  J.  F.  Townsend,  and  Simon.  Some  time 
after  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  Mr.  Willcox  married  her  sister  Phoebe,  who  became 
the  mother  of  five  sons,  viz:  Daniel  B.  and  Benjamin  C,  both  deceased;  John  D.,  of 
Olmsville,  Delmar  township;  Nathan  F.,  deceased,  and  Ira  L.,  a  resident  of  Kansas. 
Mr.  Willcox  died  June  12,  1851,  aged  seventy-two  years,  and  his  wife,  Phoebe,  July 
18,  1849,  aged  fifty-nine. 

Job  Willcox  was  born  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  in  1807,  eldest  son  of 
Simon  G.  and  Annie  Willcox.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1833,  and  purchased 
timber  lands  at  Bound  Island,  now  Tiadaghton,  where  he  followed  lumbering  up 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  73^ 


to  1839.  He  then  removed  to  "Wellsboro,  formed  a  partnership  with  C.  &  J.  L.  Eob- 
inson,  and  continued  his  lumber  operations  with  these  gentlemen,  and  also  conducted 
a  store  in  the  borough.  Six  years  later  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  store  and  bought 
a  large  farm  in  Delmar  township,  and  subsequently  severed  his  business  connection 
with  the  Eobinsons  in  the  lumber  business.  He  was  at  times  associated  with  some 
of  the  well-known  himbermen  of  the  county,  and  his  operations  were  extensive  and 
lucrative.  Mr.  Willcox  was  married  in  early  manhood,  to  Asenath  White,  of 
Chenango  county,  New  York,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Charles  C,  of 
Delmar  township;  Simon,  deceased;  Edwin  and  Edward,  twins,  the  former  deceased 
and  the  latter  a  resident  of  Delmar  township;  Galusha  B.,  also  a  resident  of  Delmar, 
and  George  and  Caroline,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  "Willcox  died  in 
Delmar  township,  the  former  in  May,  1874. 

Chahles  C.  Willcox,  oldest  child  of  Job  Willcox,  was  born  in  Chenango 
county,  New  York,  December  15,  18:39,  and  was  in  his  fourth  year  when  his  parents 
settled  on  Pine  creek,  in  Tioga  county.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  began  Job- 
bing in  the  lumber  woods,  which  occupation  he  followed  ten  years.  He  afterwards 
piirchased  a  farm  on  Middle  Eidge,  lived  on  it  a  few  years,  and  then  went  to  Lycom- 
ing county,  where  he  followed  lumbering  one  year.  Eetuming  to  Delmar,  he  began 
merchandising  at  Stony  Fork,  and  continued  that  business  four  years,  at  the  end 
of  which  period  he  purchased  eighty-eight  acres  of  his  present  farm  and  settled  down 
to  farm  life.  He  later  added  to  his  original  purchase  150  acres,  making  in  all  238 
acres  of  well-improved  land.  He  has  since  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  agricul- 
tural piirsuits,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  his  township.  Mr.  Willcox 
was  maxi'ied  October  36,  1852,  to  Tabitha  Ann  Webb,  a  daughter  of  Orson  Webb, 
of  Delmar.  She  was  bom  October  17,  1832,  and  is  the  mother  of  eight  children, 
all  of  whom  reside  in  Delmar  township,  viz:  Addie,  Cora  L.,  Charles  0.,  E.  Archi- 
bald, Wellington  W.,  Artelissa,  Burton  E.  and  Eoss  G.  The  family  are  adherents 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  all  of  the  sons  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Willcox  is  a  Eepublican. 

Galusha  B.  Wilcox,  son  of  Job  Willcox,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county.  May  8,  1843,  and  was  three  years  old  when  his  parents  located  on  the  farm 
he  now  owns.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  His  farm  embraces  150  acres  of  well  improved  land,  two  miles  north- 
east of  Stony  Fork.  In  1868  he  married  Ann  Janett  Kilbo'm,  who  bore  him  four 
children,  viz:  Hiram  E.,  a  resident  of  Hoytville;  Edith  M.,  deceased;  Asenath  C, 
and  Leon,  both  at  home.  Mrs.  Wilcox  died  December  21,  1878,  aged  twenty-nine 
years.  He  was  again  married  January  28,  1880,  to  Anna  E.  Brill,  a  daughter  of 
Peter  Brill,  who  is  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Harry  G.,  Blanche,  Ealph, 
deceased,  and  Yerne.     In  politics,  Mr.  Wilcox  is  a  Eepublican. 

Benjamin  C.  Wilcox,  a  son  of  Simon  G.  and  Phoebe  Willcox,  was  bom  in 
Preston,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  January  3,  1823,  and  was  fifteen  years  old 
when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  In  December,  1839,  he  purchased  a  tim- 
ber tract  of  140  acres  in  Delmar  township,  and  went  to  work  to  clear  and  improve 
it.  He  erected  buildings  and  lived  on  this  property  from  1843  to  1874.  In  the 
latter  year  he  sold  it  and  bought  a  farm  immediately  west  of  Stony  Fork,  where  he 
resided  up  to  1891,  and  then  retired  from  active  life,  making  his  home  with  his 


732  HISTOKT    OP    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

son,  George  S.,  until  his  death,  February  38,  1897.  Mr.  Wilcox  was  married  Sep- 
tember 1,  1844,  to  Xaney  J.  Butler,  who  bore  him  live  children,  viz:  Harland, 
Melvina  and  Simon,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  George  S.,  of  Delmar,  and  Nancy  J., 
wife  of  Albert  Van  Vleit,  of  the  same  township.  Mrs.  Wilcox  died  August  6,  1879, 
aged  fifty-four  years.  In  1881  he  married  Mary  Wall,  who  died  five  years  later,  and 
on  April  23,  1887,  he  married  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kockwell,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Borden,  whose  first  husband,  Simon  Wilcox,  was  a  brother  of  Benjamin  C.  Mr. 
Wilcox  was  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  In  politics,  he  was  a  EepubU- 
can,  and  held  the  office  of  township  supervisor  two  terms. 

Geoege  S.  Wilcox,  only  living  son  of  Benjamin  C.  Wilcox,  was  bom  in 
Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  June  7,  1853,  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm, 
and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  WTien  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began 
working  for  himself  in  the  lumber  woods,  and  four  years  later  purchased  a  timber 
tract  on  Heise  run,  which  he  cleared  up  and  built  upon.  After  three  years'  residence 
there,  he  sold  the  property  and  went  to  work  for  Silas  X.  Billings,  at  Leetonia,  but 
soon  after  entered  the  employ  of  the  Leetonia  Tanning  Company,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  1885.  In  that  year  he  bought  his  present  mill  property,  to  which 
he  has  since  added  by  subsequent  purchases,  until  he  now  owns  140  acres.  He 
cultivates  his  farm  and  also  operates  the  mill  whenever  there  is  work  to  do  in  that 
line.  Mr.  Wilcox  was  married  April  19,  1874,  to  Ida  M.  Bowen,  a  daughter  of 
DeForest  Bowen,  of  Delmar  township,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  Addie  E., 
and  Georgie,  the  latter  deceased.  Mr.  Wilcox  and  wife  are  members  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  of  Delmar,  and  also  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is  connected 
with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  K.  of  G.  E.,  and  in  politics,  is  an  adherent  of  the  Pro- 
hibition party. 

John  D.  Willcox  was  born  in  Preston,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  Sep- 
tember 4,  1835,  where  he  resided  with  his  parents,  Simon  G.  and  Phoebe  Willcox, 
until  1840,  and  was  in  his  fifteenth  year  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  went  to  work  for  Job  Willcox  &  Co.,  of  Wellsboro,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained three  years.  He  later  purchased  a  farm  adjoining  his  present  one,  buying 
the  latter  in  1867.  He  has  since  followed  farming,  and  has  also  operated  a  saw-mill 
on  his  farm.  On  February  34, 1844,  he  married  Orrilla  Dimmick,  who  bore  him  the 
following  children:  Mary  L.,  wife  of  P.  E.  Sherman,  of  Michigan;  Phoebe  C,  wife 
of  E.  H.  Halstead,  of  Delmar  township;  Maria  A.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Elam  B., 
who  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-three;  Clarence  A.,  Simon  G.,  Orlando  E.  and  Edwin 
H.,  all  residents  of  Delmar  township,  and  Sanford  D.,  of  Harrison  Valley,  Potter 
county.  Mrs.  Willcox  died  May  17,  1868,  aged  forty-two  years.  On  May  13, 
1869,  he  married  Sarah  M.,  a  daughter  of  John  Wilson,  of  Morris,  Tioga  county, 
by  which  union  he  has  three  children,  viz:  Lillian  M.,  wife  of  John  Dortt,  of 
Shippen  township;  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  A.  H.  Taylor,  and  William  D.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  Mr.  Willcox  is  a  Eepubliean. 
He  has  served  as  a  school  director  for  two  terms,  supervisor  six  years,  and  has  been 
postmaster  of  Olmsville,  which  is  located  at  his  home,  since  July  1,  1886. 

Edwin  Matson,  Sk.,  lumberman  and  farmer,  was  born  in  Chenango  county, 
New  York,  January  31, 1815,  a  son  of  Zeba  W.  and  Lydia  (Merritt)  Matson,  natives 
of  Connecticut.     He  was  reared  and   educated  in  his  native   county,  and  when 


BIOGKAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  733 


eighteen  years  of  age  came  to  Tioga  county  and  entered  the  employ  of  Stowell  & 
Dickinson,  who  were  engaged  in  the  lumher  business  on  Pine  creek.  Here  he 
remained  thirteen  years,  and  then  went  to  Wrightsville,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  built  and  operated  saw-mills  for  fifteen  years.  Eeturning  to  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  he  located  on  a  farm  which  he  had  previously  purchased. 
After  a  few  years  he  went  to  Northumberland  county  and  again  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  for  seven  years,  and  subsequently  followed  lumbering  in  Florida 
for  fourteen  months.  Going  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  he  completed  an  unfinished  mill, 
which  he  operated  for  one  season,  and  then  returned  to  his  farm  in  Delmar.  In 
1881  he  erected  his  present  mill  in  Shippen  township,  which  he  has  operated  suc- 
cessfully for  the  past  fifteen  years,  under  the  firm  name  of  B.  Matson  &  Son.  Mr. 
Matson  was  married  in  1837,  to  Mary  Eberenz,  a  daughter  of  William  Eberenz,  of 
Delmar,  to  which  union  were  born  seven  children,  viz:  Aurelia,  deceased;  John 
W.,  a  resident  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  William  E.,  who  served  in  a  battery  of  New 
York  Heavy  Artillery  and  died  of  wounds  received  in  the  battle  of  Petersburg; 
Mary,  wife  of  Charles  Derbyshire,  of  Delmar;  Charles,  deceased;  James  H.,  de- 
ceased, and  Edwin,  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  Matson  &  Son.  Mr.  Matson 
is  the  owner  of  one  of  the  largest  farms  in  Delmar  township,  while  his  lumber 
interests  in  Shippen  are  extensive  and  lucrative.  He  also  conducts  a  store  in  con- 
nection with  his  mill,  which  does  an  annual  business  of  $12,000.  Mr.  Matson  is 
one  of  the  leading  Democrats  of  the  township,  and  is  the  present  postmaster  of 
Marsh  Creek.     The  family  are  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

James  H.  Matson,  a  son  of  Edwin  and  Mary  (Eberenz)  Matson,  was  born 
March  4,  1851,  in  Wrightsville,  Pennsylvania.  After  acquiring  a  good  English 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  where  his 
parents  still  reside,  he  took  a  course  in  the  law  department  of  the  Michigan 
"University  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  taught  school  for  a  time  and  then  finished  his  legal 
studies  in  the  law  office  of  Hon.  Jerome  B.  Niles,  Wellsboro,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  May  4, 1880.  In  1884  he  was  elected  district  attorney  and  served  one  term. 
On  September  34,  1884,  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Bepublican  Advocate,  of 
Wellsboro,  and  on  January  13,  1886,  assumed  editorial  control,  continuing  in  that 
capacity  until  March  10,  1891,  when  he  sold  his  interest  to  William  L.  Shearer, 
the  present  proprietor.  He  then  engaged  in  the  insurance  business  in  Wellsville 
and  Syracuse,  'New  York,  until  the  fall  of  1894,  when  he  was  made  state  agent  for 
Connecticut  of  the  Illinois  Covenant  Mutual  Insurance  Company,  at  New  Haven, 
which  position  he  retained  until  his  death,  March  14,  1897.  Mr.  Matson  was 
married  November  25,  1880,  to  Mary  Seaman,  of  Nauvoo,  to  which  union  there 
were  born  the  following  named  children:  Mildred  Blanche,  Anna  Louise,  LiUian 
Elva,  Edwin  Augustus  and  Blma  Amelia,  both  deceased,  and  James  Henry.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Matson  was  an  ardent  Eepubliean.  For  a  number  of  years  previous  to 
his  death  he  was  a  member  of  the  official  board  of  Grace  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

Edwin  Matson,  Je.,  was  born  in  Wrightsville,  Pennsylvania,  June  28,  1858, 
a  son  of  Edwin  Matson,  Sr.,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  when  about 
one  year  old.  He  obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  and  was  reared  prin- 
cipally on  his  father's  farm.     In  1882  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  on  Marsh 


734  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

creek,  with  his  father,  under  the  firm  name  of  E.  Matson  &  Son,  where  they  have 
since  carried  on  business.  Their  mill  has  a  capacity  of  30,000  feet  per  day,  their 
product  being  hardwood  and  hemlock,  which  they  ship  to  the  northern  markets. 
Mr.  Matson  was  married  ISTovember  1,  1875,  to  Hattie  U.  Eussell,  a  daughter  of 
Lucius  L.  and  Ann  Eliza  (Morse)  Eussell.  They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children, 
namely:  Nina  M.,  John  E.,  Nora  E.,  James  H.,  Jessie  E.,  Edwin  and  Morgan  L.  Nora 
E.  and  James  H.  are  dead.  In  religion,  the  family  axe  adherents  of  the  Baptist  church, 
and  in  politics,  Eepublican.  Mr.  Matson  has  filled  the  ofi&ce  of  director  and  treas- 
urer of  the  school  boards  in  Shippen  and  Delmar  townships.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  connected  with  both  the  lodge  and  encampment. 

Joseph  Botden,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  in  1775,  there  grew  to  man- 
hood, married  Abigail  Gilmore,  and  in  1848  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  located  in  Delmar  township.  He  was  the  father  of  nine  children,  as  follows: 
Nancy,  who  married  Enoch  Cheney;  Harriet,  who  married  Charles  Bond;  San- 
ford,  Addison,  Lemuel,  Miranda,  wife  of  Albert  Boot,  of  Wellsboro;  Eliza,  wife 
of  Lemuel  Colvin,  and  Maria,  who  married  Lyman  Whitmore.  Addison,  Mrs. 
Eoot  and  Mrs.  Colvin  are  the  only  survivors  of  this  family.  Mr.  Boyden  died  in 
Charleston  township,  January  5,  1854,  and  his  wife,  July  11,  1858,  aged  seventy- 
seven  years. 

Addison  Botden  was  born  in  Vermont,  October  10,  1805,  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native  place.  When  twenty-one 
years  old  he  began  working  in  the  lumber  woods  of  Canada,  which  he  continued 
for  eight  years.  In  1833  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  located  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, where  he  followed  the  lumber  business.  In  1842  he  bought  100  acres  of  timber 
land  in  Delmar,  and  after  clearing  a  portion  of  it,  sold  it  and  purchased  the  present 
Boyden  farm  of  112  acres,  a  short  distance  west  of  Wellsboro,  upon  which  he  has 
lived  up  to  the  present.  In  1831  he  married  Sophia  Colvin,  who  bore  him  ten  chil- 
dren, viz:  Cynthia  D.  and  Abigail,  both  deceased;  Sanford  N.,  of  Wellsboro; 
Melvin,  of  Delmar;  Alfred,  of  the  same  township;  Mary  M.,  wife  of  Luther  Torpy, 
of  Delmar;  Charles  P.,  of  Delmar;  Eosina  A.,  wife  of  William  Derbyshire,  of  Del- 
mar; Addison  C,  of  Delmar,  and  Sophia  S.,  wife  of  Loren  Phippin,  of  Delmar. 
Mrs.  Boyden  died  April  3,  1873,  aged  fifty-nine  years.  Mr.  Boyden  lives  with  his 
son  Alfred  on  the  homestead  farm. 

Meltin  Boyden  was  bom  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  July  19,  1841, 
a  son  of  Addison  Boyden.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education,  and  worked  at  home  until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old, 
when  he  purchased  his  present  farm  in  Delmar,  and  with  the  exception  of  three 
years  spent  on  a  rented  farm,  he  has  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  clearing  and 
improving  his  property.  He  was  married  December  6,  1862,  to  Sarah  M.  Pellows, 
d  daughter  of  Asahel  Fellows,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  two  children,  Charles 
M.,  who  owns  and  operates  a  fruit  evaporator  on  the  farm,  and  Ella  S.,  wife  of 
Charles  Spencer,  of  Delmar.  Mrs.  Boyden  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 
Politically,  Mr.  Boyden  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  a  school  director  six 
years.     He  is  deputy  constable  for  the  north  district  of  Delmar  township. 

Alehed  Boyden,  son  of  Addison  Boyden,  was  bom  in  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  March  10,  1844,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  attended  the  district 


BIOGBAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  735 


schools  of  his  neighborhood.  Jn  1862,  when  but  seventeen  years  old,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  following  battles:  Pollock's  Mills,  Chaneellorsville,  Gettysburg, 
Funkstown,  Haymarket,  Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  Kiver, 
Cold  Harbor,  Pamunkey  Eiver,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Eailroad  and  Hatcher's  Eun. 
He  was  promoted  to  corporal  November  3G,  1863,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
from  the  service  at  Harrisburg,  June  39,  1865.  Mr.  Boyden  returned  to  his  home 
in  Delmar  township,  and  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  for  about  ten  years.  For 
the  following  three  years  he  cultivated  rented  farms,  and  then  took  charge  of  his 
father's  farm,  upon  which  he  has  since  lived.  He  was  married  May  7,  1874,  to 
Mary  E.  Loudon,  a  daughter  of  James  Loudon,  of  Delmar,  and  has  two  children. 
Belle  C.  and  Dana  A.  The  family  are  connected  with  the  Baptist  church,  of  "Wells- 
boro.  Politically,  Mr.  Boyden  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  a  member  of  the  G. 
A.  E.  and  P.  of  H. 

Chaelbs  F.  Boyden  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  January  30, 
1849,  a  son  of  Addison  Boyden.  He  was  reaxed  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common 
schools,  and  worked  at  home  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
to  northern  Wisconsin  and  operated  a  farm  on  shares  for  a  year  and  a  half.  For 
the  following  six  months  he  drove  team  for  a  milling  company,  and  then  returned  to 
his  home  in  Delmar,  where  he  cultivated  the  old  homestead  for  one  year.  At  the 
end  of  this  period  he  purchased  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  and  has  since 
devoted  his  attention  to  its  cultivation.  On  June  23,  1873,  he  married  Lydia 
Matson,  of  Wisconsin,  who  has  borne  him  the  following  children:  Elida  E.,  wife 
of  Ferdinand  Nobles,  of  Delmar;  Edith  D.,  Edwin  A.,  Flynn  0.,  Sarah  E.,  and 
Mary  E.,  the  last  mentioned  having  died  February  37,  1890.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyden 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Addison  C.  Boyden,  youngest  son  of  Addison  Boyden,  was  born  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  30,  1853,  attended  the  district  schools  and  also  the 
Wellsboro  Academy.  He  worked  at  home  until  twenty-six  years  old,  and  then 
purchased  his  present  farm  in  Delmar,  which  he  has  since  cleared  and  improved. 
On  June  9,  1879,  he  married  Amanda  Matson,  a  daughter  of  Horton  Matson,  of 
Delmar  township,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  Bertha  E.  and  Horace  A.  They 
have  also  an  adopted  daughter.  Mr.  Boyden  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

Alanson  J.  Wilson,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  son  of  Solomon  Wilson, 
came  to  Tioga  county  in  the  spring  of  1839  and  purchased  a  farm  of  eighty-six  acres 
in  Delmar  township.  He  was  a  shoemaker  and  also  a  blacksmith,  and  after  locating 
in  Delmar  township  did  considerable  work  in  those  lines,  being  one  of  the  most 
useful  citizens  in  the  community.  Though  a  man  of  limited  education,  he  pos- 
sessed natural  ability  as  a  manager  and  accumulated  a  -competence.  Mr.  Wilson 
married  Julia  Bradley,  of  Massachusetts,  and  reared  a  family  of  five  sons,  as  fol- 
lows: James  A.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-two;  Henry  B.,  Milon  D.,  Ira  C. 
and  Baxter  H.,  all  residents  of  Delmar  township.     Mr.  Wilson  died  in  1876,  and  his 

wife  ten  years  before. 

Milon  D.  Wilson  was  born  in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  March  21,  1831, 
and  is  the  third  son  of  Alanson  J.  Wilson.     He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended  the 


736  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

common  schools,  and  when  thirteen  years  old  went  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county, 
-Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  with  William  S.  Taylor  to  learn  the  tanner's  trade,  at 
which  he  spent  three  years.  He  then  returned  home  and  worked  in  the  woods  and 
as  a  farm  hand  for  about  nine  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  purchased  the 
farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  and  where  he  has  since  lived.  On  October  15, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served 
with  his  regiment  up  to  December,  18.63,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  Mr. 
Wilson  was  married  December  1,  1856,  to  Mary  Monroe,  a  daughter  of  Gamer 
Monroe,  of  Delmar  township,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Daniel  G.,  a  resident 
of  Potter  county;  Alanson  W.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Eosanna  M.,  wife  of  Tully 
Monroe,  of  Potter  county;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Frank  Luddington,  of  Delmar;  Caroline 
A.,  wife  of  Charles  Loucks,  of  Potter  county,  and  Lillian  L.,  who  died  in  infancy. 
Mrs.  Wilson  died  September  11,  1891,  aged  fifty-nine  years.  February  21,  1894, 
Mr.  Wilson  married  Philura  Plumley,  of  Delmar  township.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  while  his  wife  is  a  Methodist.     In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Iea  C.  Wilson  was  bom  in  Harrington,  Massachusetts,  August  18,  1833,  and 
was  in  his  sixth  year  when  his  parents  came  to  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.  He 
was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  attended  the  district  school  of  his  neighbor- 
hood, and  when  fourteen  years  of  age  commenced  working  in  the  lumber  woods  as 
a  teamster;  which  he  followed  four  years.  Eeturning  home  he  worked  on  the 
farm  until  his  majority,  and  then  purchased  eighty  acres  of  land  from  William 
Bache,  located  in  Delmar  township.  At  the  end  of  six  years,  after  clearing  a  part 
of  it,  he  sold  this  property  and  purchased  the  old  homestead,  upon  which  he  lived 
until  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  130  acres,  leasing  the  first  to  his  son,  Charles 
L.  He  also  owns  two  other  farms  of  100  acres  each  in  Delmar,  and  is  one  of  tlie  most 
prosperous  farmers  in  the  county.  He  married  Mary  Jane  Nobles,  a  daughter  of 
Loron  Nobles,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  nine  children,  viz:  Mary  Louisa,  de- 
ceased wife  of  George  Smith;  Emma,  wife  of  Daniel  Bennett,  of  Shippen  town- 
ship; Lyman  M.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Charles  L.,  and  Frank  H.,  both  residents  of 
Delmar;  Ella,  wife  of  Charles  A.  Buckley,  of  Delmar;  Frederick  J.,  and  Minnie, 
both  of  whom  died  in  early  youth,  and  Ira  W.,  who  lives  with  his  parents.  The 
family  are  connected  with  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  Mr.  Wilson  is  a 
Democrat. 

EoBEET  Steele,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  about  1766,  there  grew 
to  maturity  and  married  Esther  Eowe.  He  served  a  short  time  in  the  Eevolutionary 
War,  later  studied  medicine,  but  never  practiced  the  profession.  About  1805  he 
came  to  Tioga  county  and  located  on  the  site  of  Ansonia,  then  known  as  Big 
Meadows.  He  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz:  John,  James,  Matilda, 
Ephraim,  Henry,  Elizabeth,  Eobert,  Polly  and  William.  Mr.  Steele  died  at  the 
home  of  his  son  Eobert  in  Delmar  township  in  1836. 

EoBEET  Steele  was  born  on  the  site  of  Ansonia,  Tioga  county,  October  13, 
1810,  a  son  of  Eobert  Steele,  Sr.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  tiie  pioneer 
schools  of  his  neighborhood.  In  1834  he  located  in  Delmar  township,  purchasing 
the  farm  where  his  son  Miles  now  lives.  His  wife,  Mary  Ann,  was  a  daughter  of 
William  Blaekwell,  an  early  settler  of  Morris  township.  She  bore  him  ten  children, 
named  as  follows:   Eiehard,  who  died  in  infancy;  Louisa,  wife   of   William  Wal- 


^^  ^,::P^-^^^^ 


BI06EAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  737 


bridge,  of  Delmar;  John,  who  died  on  his  farm  in  Delmar,  March  14,  1896;  Sarah, 
wife  of  Peter  Walbridge,  of  Wellsboro;  "William,  who  was  wounded  in  the  battle 
of  Petersburg,  and  died  June  27,  1864;  Miles,  Charies  and  Eobert,  all  residents  of 
Delmar;  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Willis  L.  English,  of  Morris,  and  Otis,  who  lives  in  Wells- 
boro. Mr.  Steele  died  on  the  old  homestead  in  Delmar,  November  37,  1884.  His 
widow  lives  with  her  son  Miles  in  that  township. 

John  Steele,  son  of  Eobert  and  Mary  Ann  Steele,  and  grandson  of  Eobert 
Steele,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  March  3,  1841,  and  lived 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-six  years  old.  His  father  then  deeded  him  a 
farm  of  108  acres,  two  miles  south  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  resided  until  his  death, 
March  14,  1896.  Mr.  Steele  was  married  September  18,  1866,  to  Alice  Copestick, 
a  daughter  of  Charles  Copestick,  of  Delmar.  Six  children  were  born  to  this  union, 
viz:  Eaymond,  a  resident  of  Charleston  township;  Mabel,  wife  of  Horatio  Eeed,  of 
Delmar;  Isabel,  Eobert,  Claude,  deceased,  and  Carrie.  When  Lee  invaded  Penn- 
sylvania, Mr.  Steele  went  out  with  the  Emergency  Men  to  assist  in  defending  his 
native  State,  thus  proving  his  patriotism.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and 
served  as  clerk  and  treasurer  of  Delmar  from  1882  to  1892.  He  belonged  to  the 
Grange  and  was  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  public  schools.  Mr.  Steele  was  a  kind 
father  and  husband,  a  good  neighbor  and  a  respected  citizen. 

William  Eobeetson,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Scotland,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and 
became  a  stationary  engineer  and  miner.  In  1830  he  came  to  the  United  States, 
and  worked  in  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  five  years.  In  1835  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  remained  a  short  time  in  Wellsboro,  and  then  pur- 
chased a  farm  in  Delmar  township,  on  which  he  resided  up  to  his  death.  He  mar- 
ried Agnes  Archibald,  who  bore  him  twelve  children,  four  of  whom  are  living  and 
residents  of  Delmar  township,  viz:  Frasier,  wife  of  Thomas  Clark;  Thomas  A., 
William,  and  Jane,  wife  of  James  Dale.  Mrs.  Eobertson  died  October  14,  1886,  at 
the  ripe  old  age  of  ninety-two  years. 

Thomas  A.  Eobehtson,  eldest  son  of  William  and  Agnes  Eobertson,  was  born 
in  Scotland,  March  17,  18S4,  and  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  when 
six  years  old.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia  and  Tioga  county 
in  boyhood,  and  worked  on  the  home  farm  until  he  was  twenty-three  years  old. 
He  then  cultivated  a  rented  farm  for  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  bought 
eighty-two  acres  on  East  Hill,  Delmar  township,  a  property  he  still  owns,  and 
lived  there  from  1850  to  1891.  He  then  removed  to  his  present  farm,,  a  portion 
of  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Eobertson  was  married  March  8,  1849,  to  Mary  A. 
Moyer,  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Moyer.  Four  children  were  bom  to  this  imion,  viz: 
Margaret,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-six;  George  A.,  of  Delmar;  Adaline,  wife 
of  Eobert  A.  Kerr,  of  Morris,  and  Isabel,  wife  of  Eev.  E.  D.  Eawson,  of  Allegany, 
New  York.  Mr.  Eobertson  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry. 

Geohge  a.  Eobeetson,  only  son  of  Thomas  A.  and  Mary  A.  Eobertson,  was 
bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and 
attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood.  When  twenty  years  of  age  he  began 
working  in  the  lumber  woods,  but  soon  returned  to  farm  work.     He  later  spent 

47 


738  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNIY. 

three  years  in  the  Hoytville  tannery,  then  bought  a  farm  in  Delmar,  near  the 
Shippen  line,  which  he  sold  two  years  later  and  purchased  his  present  farm  of 
fifty  acres,  east  of  Stony  Fork.  Mr.  Eobertson  was  married  June  17, 1876,  to  Agnes 
Dort,  a  daughter  of  Eussell  Dort,  an  early  settler  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  three 
children,  Edith,  Leon  A.,  and  Pearly  A.  Mr.  Eobertson,  wife  and  oldest  daughter 
are  members  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and  in  polities,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

William  Eobeetson,  youngest  son  of  William  Eobertson,  Sr.,  was  born  on  the 
homestead  farm  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  November  8,  1837.  He  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  his  district  and  worked  at  home  until  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  He  then  began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand,  but  two  years  later 
rented  a  farm  and  continued  to  cultivate  rented  farms  up  to  1876,  when  he  bought 
a  homestead  in  Delmar  township,  which  he  sold  six  years  afterwards  and  purchased 
his  present  property  of  fifty  acres  adjoining  the  old  homestead  farm,  in  which  he 
owns  a  quarter  interest.  Mr.  Eobertson  was  married  September  35,  1859,  to  Lydia 
A.  Smedley,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Ellen  (Shuart)  Smedley,  bom  September 
6,  1838.  They  have  one  daughter,  Mazie,  bom  April  8,  1882.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Eobertson  is  an  ardent  Eepublican. 

Aaeon  Stmonds  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  June  30,  1793,  a  son  of  John  Sy- 
monds.  In  early  life  he  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  particularly  the  manufac- 
ture of  scythes,  and  followed  that  business  until  failing  health  compelled  him  to 
abandon  it,  when  he  turned  his  attention  to  farming.  In  1836  he  came  to  Tioga 
county  and  operated  a  saw-mill  at  Eound  Island,  now  Tiadaghton.  He  afterwards 
bought  fifty  acres  of  land  on  Middle  Eidge,  in  Delmar  township,  where  he  followed 
farming  until  his  death,  August  5,  1843.  Mr.  Symonds  married  Phoebe  Willcox, 
oldest  child  of  Simon  G.  Willcox,  ISTovember  5, 1818.  She  was  a  native  of  Chenango 
county,  New  York,  and  became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  viz:  leather,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  twenty-three;  David  B.,  a  farmer  of  Potter  county;  Job  W.,  of  Delmar 
township;  Hannah  A.,  who  died  in  1888;  Sarah  A.,  deceased,  wife  of  Darius  B. 
Ford;  Clarissa,  who  died  in  1886;  Caroline,  and  Emeline,  twins,  the  former  of 
whom  died  in  girlhood,  and  the  latter  in  1886,  and  Betsey  A.,  who  died  in  April, 
1863.     Mrs.  Symonds  died  in  May,  1860,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Job  W.  Symonds,  retired  farmer  and  blacksmith,  was  bom  in  Chenango  county. 
New  York,  October  30,  1835,  and  was  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in 
Tioga  county.  On  attaining  his  majority  he  began  work  in  the  lumber  woods, 
devoting  his  summers  to  farming,  which  he  continued  five  years.  He  then  bought  a 
farm  of  fifty  acres  on  Middle  Eidge,  Delmar  township,  originally  owned  by  his 
father,  erected  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  followed  farming  and  blacksmithing.  He 
did  work  for  his  neighbors,  having  picked  up  sufficient  of  the  trade  to  be  a  fair 
workman.  In  1856  he  sold  this  property  and  bought  his  present  farm  of  100  acres, 
a  short  distance  north  of  Draper.  Here  he  followed  blacksmithing  and  farming  up 
to  1886,  when  he  retired.  Mr.  Symonds  married  Cynthia  Borden,  a  daughter  of 
Benjamin  B.  Borden,  of  Delmar  township,  January  3,  1844.  She  was  bom  April 
10,  1838,  and  became  the  mother  of  ten  children,  viz:  Phoebe  J.,  widow  of  A.  S. 
Torpy;  George,  an  oil  operator  in  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania;  Mary  E.,  who 
died  in  infancy;  Betsey  E.,  wife  of  Asher  A.  Hines,  of  Minnesota;  Mary  A.,  wife 
of  Charles  Orr,  of  Delmar  township;   Fidah  M.,  wife  of  Albert  Torpy;   Myra  B., 


BIOGKAPHIOAL     SKETCHES.  739 


wife  of  Edwin  Allen;  Hurbin,  who  married  Ida  Compton,  February  14,  1887; 
Katie,  wife  of  Ira  Eice,  and  Benjamin,  the  last  five  of  whom  axe  residents  of  Delmar 
township.  In  politics,  Mr.  Symonds  is  a  Republican.  He  has  been  superyisor  one 
year,  and  a  justice  of  the  peace  fifteen  years,  in  Delmar  township. 

Thomas  Hobton  was  bom  in  Orange  county.  New  York,  in  1781,  and  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1837.  He  purchased  the  farm  in  Delmar  town- 
ship on  which  his  son  Thomas  C.  now  lives.  He  married  Anna  Cully,  who  bore 
him  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz:  Elizabeth,  who  married  John  Kimball;  Hiram, 
and  Hannah,  who  married  Daniel  Slosson,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Susan,  wife  of 
Jeremiah  Houghton,  of  Delmar;  Thomas  C,  a  farmer  of  the  same  township;  Ezra, 
deceased;  Hector,  of  Delmar;  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  P.  G.  Walker,  of  Stony  Pork,  and 
Samantha,  wife  of  Edward  Hastings,  of  Wellsboro.  Thomas  C.  was  bom  in 
Tompkins  county.  New  York,  September  1,  1820,  came  to  this  county  with  his 
parents,  and  married  Marietta  Stanton,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Newell  P., 
and  Mary  J.,  both  deceased;  Ezra,  a  farmer  on  Marsh  creek;  John  and  Nathan,  both 
deceased,  and  Myron,  a  resident  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Horton  and  wife  spent  the  re- 
maining years  of  their  lives  in  this  county. 

Hector  Hoeton,  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Horton,  was  born  in  Schuyler 
county,  then  a  part  of  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  December  27,  1823,  and  was 
in  his  fifteenth  year  when  his  parents  settled  in  Delmar  township.  He  worked  at 
home  until  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and  then  bought  his  present  farm  of  100  acres 
from  his  father,  on  which  he  has  since  lived,  devoting  his  attention  to  general  farm- 
ing and  dairying.  October  9,  1850,  he  married  Permelia  A.  Emick,  a  daughter  of 
William  Emick,  of  Morris  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz: 
Charles  A.,  and  Prank,  both  residing  in  the  oil  fields  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio, 
respectively;  Maria,  wife  of  Andrew  English,  of  New  Mexico;  George,  and  Pred  J., 
residents  of  Wood  county,  Ohio;  Mary,  and  Hubert,  both  at  home.  The  family 
are  adherents  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  politically,  Mr.  Horton  is  a  Eepublican. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

David  Goeeib  was  bom  near  Wilmington,  Delaware,  March  28,  1820,  a  son  of 
John  and  Agnes  (Ower)  Gorrie,  natives  of  Scotland.  David  is  the  youngest  and 
only  survivor  in  a  family  of  ten  children.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  place  and 
in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  up  to  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  obtained  a  common  school 
education.  In  the  fall  of  1837  he,  with  his  mother  and  invalid  brother,  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvajiia,  where  he  bought  a  farm  of  about  120  acres,  in  Delmar 
township,  and  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  agricultiiral  pursuits.  In  1882  he 
built  upon  the  farm  of  125  acres,  where  he  now  resides,  disposing  of  the  old  home- 
stead to  his  son  Clarence.  Mr.  Gorrie  was  married  in  1851  to  Cerissa  Griffin,  of 
Delmar  township,  and  has  reared  four  children,  viz:  Clarence,  who  lives  upon  the 
old  homestead;  Norval,  a  farmer  residing  in  Idaho;  David,  a  farmer  in  the  same 
State,  and  Lillie  M.,  at  home.  In  politics,  Mr.  Gorrie  is  a  stanch  Democrat.  He 
is  one  of  the  prominent  and  respected  farmers  of  Delmar  township,  and  by  his  own 
exertion  and  energy  has  aceumtilated  through  the  passing  years  a  handsome  com- 
petence. 

Ltman  Walbeidge  was  born  near  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  Pebruary  6, 
1786,  a  son  of  Joshua  Walbridge,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  born  in  1758.     He  was 


740  HISTOET    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

reared  on  a  farm,  received  a  good  education,  and  taught  school  for  some  years  in  his 
native  State.  In  1837  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  the 
farm  in  Delmar  township  now  owTied  by  his  son  William,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death,  August  17,  18C3.  He  married  Ann  D.  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  William 
K.  Smith.  She  was  born  in  1795,  and  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  William,  a  resi- 
dent of  Delmar,  bom  September  16, 1821,  who  married  Louisa,  a  daughter  of  Eobert 
Steele,  and  has  two  sons,  Bion  and  Arthur;  Elizabeth,  a  resident  of  Europe;  Joshua, 
a  judge  of  the  common  pleas  court  in  Goldboro,  Colorado;  John  W.,  aji  oil  operator 
of  Venango  county;  Eobert  S.,  of  Delmar,  and  Peter  D.,  who  lives  in  Wellsboro. 
Mrs.  Walbridge  died  April  10,  1880,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

EoBEBT  S.  Walbeidge  was  bom  in  New  Jersey,  October  5, 1831,  and  was  about 
six  years  old  when  his  parents  located  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.  He  was 
reared  upon  the  farm,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age  began  working  out  as  a  farm 
hand,  which  he  followed  for  ten  years.  He  then  bought  his  present  farm  of  100 
acres,  lying  west  of  Stony  Fork,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agri- 
culture. On  December  11, 1862,  Mr.  Walbridge  married  Mary  Copestick,  a  daughter 
of  Charles  Copestick,  of  Delmar,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Alfred  C,  an  electrical 
engineer  of  Washington  state;  Bertha  E.,  wife  of  C.  E.  Olmstead,  of  Delmar,  and 
George  B.,  a  student  at  Lafayette  College.  Mrs.  Walbridge  died  January  31,  1889, 
aged  fortv-seven  years.  In  politics,  a  Democrat,  he  has  served  as  township  clerk 
and  treasurer  for  several  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and  also  of  the 
K.  of  G.  E. 

William  Teowbeidge  Deebyshiee  was  bom  in  Denmark,  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1809,  a  son  of  William  and  Laura  (Trowbridge)  Derbyshire.  He  was  the 
second  in  a  family  of  seven  children,  and  is  to-day  the  only  surviving  member  of 
the  family.  ,  He  received  a  common  school  education,  and  when  sixteen  years  of 
age  went  to  Utica,  Few  York,  and  spent  three  years  learning  the  harness  maker's 
trade,  which  business  he  followed  about  ten  years  in  that  State.  In  the  autumn  of 
1837  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  Wellsboro,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade  three  years.  He  then  purchased  the  Derbyshire  farm  in  Del- 
mar township,  and  for  the  succeeding  twenty-five  years  devoted  his  attention  to 
clearing  and  improving  his  land,  and  working  at  his  trade  in  Wellsboro.  At  the  end 
of  this  period  he  gave  up  working  at  his  trade,  and  devoted  his  whole  attention  to 
the  farm.  Mr.  Derbyshire  was  married  in  January,  1835,  to  Mary  Granger,  a 
daughter  of  Levi  Granger,  of  Otsego  county.  New-  York,  to  which  union  were  bom 
ten  children,  named  as  follows:  William,  who  died  at  three  years  of  age;  Mary, 
Caroline,  Elizabeth,  George  E.,  who  died  in  a  rebel  prison  in  Sbuth  Carolina  during 
the  war;  Charles,  and  William,  both  residents  of  Delmar;  Prank,  deceased;  Laura, 
wife  of  Charles  Smith,  and  Marian,  wife  of  John  Eussell,  both  residents  of  Delmar 
township.  Mrs.  Derbyshire  died  in  August,  1891,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  Mr. 
Derbyshire  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Ee- 
publican.     He  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Delmar  township. 

Chaeles  Deebyshiee,  son  of  William  T.  Derbyshire,  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county.  May  30,  1846,  was  educated"  in  the  district  schools,  and 
has  made  farming  his  life  vocation.  His  farm  is  located  four  miles  northwest  oE 
Wellsboro.     He  married  Mary  Matson,  a  daughter  of  Edwin  Matson,  Sr.,  of  Delmar, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  741 


December  31^  1868,  who  has  borne  him  five  children,  viz:  Mary  E.,  wife  of  John 
Hasker,  of  Delmar;  William  E.,  who  married  Lizzie  Covert,  of  Wellsboro;  Eobert 
C,  Charles  P.,  and  Marion  C.  The  family  are  connected  with  the  Baptist  church. 
Mr.  Derbyshire  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  is  one  of  the  school  directors  of  his 
district. 

William  Deebyshiee,  son  of  William  T.  Derbyshire,  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  September  6,  1848,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  upon  the 
homestead  farm.  On  January  30,  1875,  he  married  Rosina  A.  Boyden,  a  daughter 
of  Addison  Boyden,  of  Delmar.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  four 
of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Carrie  E.,  Mary  0.,  William  T.  and  George  E.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  an  adherent 
of  the  Republican  party. 

HiEAM  L.  RoBLTEE  was  bom  neai-  Horseheads,  Chemung  county,  Few  York, 
March  14,  1825,  a  son  of  Hiram  and  Rhoda  (Sanford)  Roblyer.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Orange  county,  New  York,  whence  they  removed  to  Chemung  county,  and 
in  1837  located  in  Rutland  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  died, 
the  father  May  6,  1857,  aged  eighty-two,  and  the  mother,  November  37,  1859,  aged 
seventy-eight.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Austin,  Diadama,  Andrew  J.,  David 
S.  and  Ira,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Dorcas  M.,  widow  of  A.  B.  Tanner;  Hannah  J., 
deceased;  Sally  Ann,  widow  of  Northrop  Smith,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  Hiram 
L.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  when  twelve 
years  old,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  in  Riitland  township.  He  afterwards  worked 
as  a  farm  hand  for  several  years.  In  1851  he  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Elk 
Run  in  partnership  with  Northrop  Smith,  but  in  1857  he  sold  his  interest  to  Mr. 
Smith  and  bought  his  present  farm  of  104  acres,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  Mr. 
Roblyer  was  married  October  3,  1855,  to  Almira  Wood,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  and 
Lydia  Wood,  of  Sullivan  township,  where  her  parents  settled  in  1831.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Herbert,  a  resident  of  Delmar;  Levi,  who 
lives  in  Sullivan,  and  Harvey,  who  died  November  18, 1877.  In  politics,  Mr.  Roblyer 
is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  auditor  and  treasurer  of  his  township.  Both  he  and 
wife  are  members  of  East  Sullivan  Grange. 

Heebeet  Robltes  was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  July  16, 1856, 
eldest  son  of  Hiram  L.  Roblyer.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  at  the 
Mansfield  State  Normal,  and  Warner  Business  College,  Elmira,  New  York.  When 
twenty-one  years  of  age  he  began  teaching  in  winter,  which  he  followed  for  seven 
years,  working  on  the  farm  during  the  summer  season.  In  the  fall  of  1881  he  pur- 
chased his  present  farm  of  100  acres  in  Delmar  township,  one  mile  north  of  Balsam, 
on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Roblyer  was  married  to  Lina  M.  Wilbur,  a 
daughter  of  Nelson  and  Melissa  Wilbur,  of  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  3, 
1880,  and  has  three  children:  Lulu  May,  Carrie  Estella  and  Harvey  Lewis.  The 
family  attend  the  Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Roblyer  is  secretary  of  Pomona  Grange, 
and  also  a  director  and  secretary  of  the  Tioga  Coimty  Grange  Mutual  Insurance 
Company.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican,  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  in 
Delmar,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  township. 

Pbtee  Buckley,  a  son  of  John  and  Hannah  (Decker)  Buckley,  was  bom  in 
Oxford,  Chenango  county.  New  York,  November  33,  1809,  and  there  grew  to 


742  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COTTlirTT. 


manhood.  In  1839  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  the 
present  Buckley  farm  in  Delmar  township.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  millwright,  and 
for  many  years  devoted  a  portion  of  his  time  to  the  construction  of  mills.  On 
November  26,  1837,  he  married  Euth  A.  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  Charles  Bartle,  and 
had  one  son,  John  H.,  when  the  family  moved  to  this  county.  The  following 
children  were  bom  after  their  settlement  here:  Byron  C,  who  died  in  February, 
1868,  aged  twenty-six  years;  Hulda  A.,  who  died  aged  two  years;  Charles  A.,  of 
Delmar  township;  Jerusha  A.,  wife  of  Charles  Copestick,  of  Delmar;  Uriah,  tele- 
graph operator  and  station  agent  at  Minoa  Station,  New  York,  and  two  that  died  in 
infancy.  Mr.  Buckley  died  November  8,  1856,  from  an  injury  received  while  work- 
ing on  a  saw-mill.  His  widow  resides  with  her  son,  John  H.,  in  Delmar.  In  earlj 
life  a  Democrat,  he  later  became  a  Eepublican,  and  was  quite  active  in  political 


John  H.  Bttcklet  was  bom  in  Oxford,  New  York,  June  16,  1839,  eldest  child 
of  Peter  Buckley,  who  came  to  Tioga  county  five  months  after  our  subject's  birth. 
He  was  reared  upon  his  present  homestead  fann,  and  received  a  good  education  in 
the  common  and  select  schools  of  Delmar  township,  and  at  Oxford  Academy.  He 
worked  at  home  until  the  death  of  his  father,  since  which  time  he  has  had  charge  of 
the  farm,  with  the  exception  of  the  period  when  he  was  serving  in  the  Union  army. 
On  September  31,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, and  participated  in  the  battles  of  James  Island,  Blue  Springs,  Campbell 
Station,  Siege  of  Knoxville,  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Jamestown  and  the  Wil- 
derness, where  he  was  wounded.  He  was  promoted  to  corporal  in  1863,  and  was 
discharged  at  McClellan  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  on  account  of  a  gunshot  wound 
in  the  left  hip.  May  8,  1865.  With  the  exception  of  the  four  years  spent  in  the 
service,  Mr.  Buckley  taught  school  nineteen  consecutive  terms,  principally  in  his 
native  township.  He  was  married  March  29,  1870,  to  Isabel,  a  daughter  of  Charles 
and  Isabel  Copestick,  of  Delmar.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  them,  viz: 
Euth,  a  student  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield;  Charles,  a  graduate  of  that 
institution,  and  now  a  teacher  in  the  Philadelphia  public  schools,  and  Florence. 
Politically,  Mr.  Buckley  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  auditor  three 
terms,  and  that  of  clerk  and  treasurer  five  terms.  The  family  attend  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  Mr.  Buckley  is  one  of  the  most  intelligent  farmers  in  Tioga  county. 

Almon  Bbooks,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  township,  cleared  and 
improved  it,  and  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  in  making  a  home  for  himself 
and  family.  He  married  Lena  Miller,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Anne 
M.,  wife  of  D.  E.  Null,  of  WiUiamsport;  Frank  W.,  of  Delmar;  Charles  M.,  a  resident 
of  Williamsport;  Emma  E.,  wife  of  Z.  0.  Campbell,  of  Wellsboro;  John  W.,  a  resident 
of  Manhattan,  Tioga  county;  Henry  D.,  of  Delmar,  and  Ada  M.,  deceased  wife  of 
Elmer  E.  Striker. 

Feank  W.  Bhooks  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Febmary  36, 
1850,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Almon  and  Lena  Brooks.  He  worked  at  home  until 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Williamsport,  where  he  lived  several 
years,  during  which  period  he  worked  in  a  saw-mill.  He  then  purchased  a  farm 
on  Marsh  creek,  Tioga  county,  which  he  sold  three  years  later  to  his  brother-in-law 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  743 


and  went  to  the  Manhattan  tannery,  where  he  worked  as  a  teamster  four  years.  He 
was  afterwards  a  hostler  at  the  same  institution  for  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of 
1893  he  moved  to  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  which  he  had  previously 
purchased  and  has  since  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  Mr.  Brooks  was  married 
in  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  May  3, 1880,  to  Miss  Etta  Davis.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  gives  his  support 
to  the  principles  of  that  party. 

EussELL  Lawton  was  bom  in  Chenango  county,  New  York,  November  21, 
1816,  a  son  of  Gideon  and  Polly  (Dodge)  Lawton,  and  grandson  of  Noyes  and 
Cynthia  (Eathbone)  Lawton,  all  natives  of  Ehode  Island.  Eussell  was  the  fifth  in  a 
family  of  nine  children,  named  as  follows:  Eliza,  Thomas,  Harry,  Lucinda,  Eussell, 
Almira,  William,  Charles  and  Ira.  The  father  was  born  November  11, 1786,  and  died 
February  13, 1841.  The  mother  was  bom  May  35, 1793,  and  died  October  31,  1861. 
Eussell  was  reared  on  a  farm,  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1S39.  He  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  township, 
and  followed  agricultural  pursuits  up  to  his  death.  He  married  Susannah  B. 
Hardy — ^born  in  Delmar  township  January  19,  1833, — a  daughter  of  Levi  and  Sally 
(Borden)  Hardy,  natives  of  New  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts,  respectively,  and 
early  settlers  of  Delmar  township.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  viz: 
Levi  E.,  who  died  at  eleven  years  of  age;  Gilderoy  H.,  Warren,  Francis  E.,  and 
Edgar,  all  residents  of  Delmar  township.  Mr.  Lawton  departed  this  life  October 
29,  1888.     His  widow  resides  with  their  son,  Francis  E. 

GiLDEEOY  H.  Lawton  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  February 
30, 1843,  a  son  of  Eussell  Lawton,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead,  and  attended 
the  common  schools  of  his  district.  On  August  8,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A, 
One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  the 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Eailroad  and  Hatcher's  Eun.  He 
was  wounded  at  Spottsylvania,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Elmira,  New  York, 
with  the  rank  of  corporal,  June  24,  1865.  Eetuming  to  Delmar  township,  he 
bought  his  present  farm  of  100  acres,  and  has  devoted  his  attention  to  its  cultiva- 
tion. On  January  33,  1866,  he  married  Mrs.  Lydia  M.  Berry,  nee  Lawton,  who  had 
two  children  by  her  previous  marriage,  ■\dz:  Mary  S.,  wife  of  E.  E.  Sherman,  of 
Delmar,  and  George  L.,  of  Stony  Fork.  Mr.  Lawton  is  a  member  of  George  Cook 
Post,  G.  A.  E.,  and  his  wife  is  conneet-ed  with  the  Woman's  Eelief  Corps,  of  that 
post.     In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

Waeeen  Lawton  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  October  31, 
1844,  a  son  of  Eussell  Lawton,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  in  the  public 
schools.  On  March  6,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna 
Eiver,  Cold  Harbor  and  Siege  of  Petersburg,  and  was  discharged  from  the  service 
July  18,  1865.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  Delmar  township,  and  settled  upon  his 
present  farm  of  135  acres,  purchased  while  he  was  in  the  service,  and  has  since  made 
farming  his  vocation.  Mr.  Lawton  was  married  February  13,  1867,  to  Clarissa  L. 
Townsend,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  F.  Townsend,  of  Delmar,  and  has  two  children: 
Noyes,  who  married  Clara  Lyons,  and  has  two  sons,  Perley  W.  and  Eussell  P.;  and 
Clara  L.,  wife  of  William  A.  Luddington,  of  Delmar  township,  who  has  one  daughter, 


744  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 

Clarissa  M.  Mrs.  Lawton  died  April  23,  1892,  aged  forty-five  years.  Mr.  Lawton 
is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  of 
G.  E.,  and  the  P.  of  H. 

Edgar  Lawton,  youngest  son  of  Eussell  and  SusannaJi  B.  Lawton,  was  bom  in 
Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  January  31,  1849.  He  was  reared  on  the  home- 
stead farm,  attended  the  district  school  in  boyhood,  and  when  twenty-three  years  of 
aged  purchased  the  C.  G.  Osgood  farm  in  Delmar  township,  which  he  cultivated 
twelve  years.  He  then  sold  it  and  purchased  his  present  farm  of  ninety  acres,  a  half 
mile  west  of  Stony  Fork,  upon  which  he  has  since  resided.  He  also  followed  the 
stoiiemason's  trade  in  connection  with  his  farm  duties  for  ten  years.  He  makes 
dairy  farming  a  specialty,  keeping  on  an  average  ten  cows.  Mr.  Lawton  was  mar- 
ried February  30,  1873,  to  Agnes  Orr,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Orr,  of  Delmar,  and 
has  two  sons,  Thomas  E.  and  Frank  E.  Mrs.  Lawton  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  their  son,  Thomas  E.,  is  connected  with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry 
and  the  I.  0.  0.  F.     In  politics,  Mr.  Lawton  is  a  Eepublican. 

Levi  Hardy  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Delmar  township,  Tioga  County, 
where  he  purchased  a  farm  about  1837.  He  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  a 
son  of  Eufus  and  Lucy  (Livermore)  Hardy,  natives  of  New  England.  He  married 
Sally  Borden,  who  became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  viz:  Eufus,  John,  William, 
Lorenzo,  Dexie,  Henrietta,  Annie,  Susannah  B.,  who  married  Eussell  Lawton,  and 
Adaline.  Mr.  Hardy  was  a  blacksmith,  and  followed  his  trade  in  connection  with 
agriculture  up  to  his  death,  September  18,  1859.  His  widow  survived  him  only  a 
few  months,  dying  February  37, 1860. 

James  Playfoot  was  bom  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1815,  a  son  of  David  and 
Elizabeth  (Day)  Playf oot,  and  was  the  eighth  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  named  as 
follows:  David,  Daniel,  David  (3d),  Sarah  A.,  John,  Martha,  Elizabeth,  James  and 
Jonathan,  all  of  whom  are  dead  except  Elizabeth  and  James.  The  mother  died  in 
1846,  and  the  father,  in  1856.  James  was  four  years  old  when  his  parents  removed 
from  Cincinnati  to  New  York  City,  where  his  father  engaged  in  the  milk"  business. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  city,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  came  with 
his  parents  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  father  purchased  150  acres 
of  timber  land.  The  family  staid  but  a  couple  of  months,  and  then  went  to  Sullivan 
county.  New  York,  where  James  learned  the  blackspiith's  trade.  Two  years  later 
he  went  to  Athens,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  which  place  his  father  had 
previously  moved,  and  followed  his  trade  there  five  years.  After  a  couple  of  months 
spent  at  Columbia  Flats,  he  came  to  Covington,  Tioga  county,  and  continued  to 
work  at  his  trade  for  three  years.  Eeturning  to  Athens,  he  followed  blacksmithing 
for  about  five  years,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  and 
again  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  worked  at  his  trade  on  Pine  creek  a  few  months, 
in  Sullivan  township  three  years,  and  at  Covington  fourteen  years.  At  the  end  of 
this  period  he  purchased  a  farm,  which  he  subsequently  traded  for  his  present  farm 
in  Delmar,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  Mr.  Playfoot  was  married  Pebmary  13, 
1843,  to  Susan  A.  Chapin,  who  has  borne  him  the  following  children:  David,  who 
died  while  a  soldier  in  the  Eebellion;  Mary,  who  lives  with  her  mother  in  Wellsboro; 
Annie,  deceased;  Edward  J.,  of  Delmar;  William,  a  minister  residing  in  Monroe 
county;   George  J.,  of  Delmar;   Charles,  deceased,  and  Sarah,  who  lives  in  Wells- 


BIOGBAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


745 


boro.  Mr.  Playfoot  resides  with  his  son  Edward  J.,  while  his  wife  makes  her  home 
m  Wellsboro  with  her  two  daughters.  Both  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church, 
and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Edward  J.  Playfoot  was  bom  on  November  24,  1849,  a  son  of  James  and 
Susan  A.  Playfoot,  and  has  made  farming  his  life  vocation.  He  worked  in  the 
lumber  woods  during  the  winter  seasons  from  1869  to  1879,  since  which  time  he  has 
devoted  his  whole  attention  to  the  home  farm.  On  April  17,  1879,  he  married 
Emma  Grosjean,  a  daughter  of  Edward  Grosjeaja,  of  Delmar,  and  has  two  children. 
Earl  W.  and  Viva  M.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Playfoot  and  their  son.  Earl  W.,  are  members 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  also  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Eepublicaji. 

Cteus  Heath,  bom  in  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  in  1785,  came  to  Tioga 
county  in  about  1840  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Chatham  township,  where  he  followed 
farming  and  lumbering  until  his  death,  in  1857.  He  married  Pradence  Pierce,  who 
bore  him  two  children,  Levi  P.  and  Mary  A.,  wife  of  William  T.  Hardin,  of  Wells- 
boro.   Mrs.  Heath  died  in  1866,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

Levi  P.  Heath,  only  son  of  Cyrus  Heath,  was  bom  in  Cayuga  county.  New 
York,  in  1823,  and  was  eighteen  years  old  'when  the  family  came  to  Tioga  county. 
He  found  employment  in  the  lumber  woods  on  Pine  creek,  which  business  he  fol- 
lowed two  years.  He  then  bought  a  farm  in  Chatham  townshi'p,  which  he  later 
traded  for  one  in  Delmar.  This  he  afterwards  sold  and  moved  to  Wellsboro,  where 
he  died  in  1878.  He  married  Harriet  Amelia  Humphrey,  a  daughter  of  James  V. 
and  Harriet  Humphrey,  of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  who  bore  him  three  chil- 
dren, viz:  Georgianna,  wife  of  William  Avery,  of  Delmar;  Thomas  J.  and  Frank  P., 
both  residents  of  the  same  township.  Mr.  Heath  was  an  ardent  Democrat,  and 
always  gave  his  support  to  that  party.  His  widow,  who  was  bom  June  2,  1833,  re^ 
sides  with  her  son.  Prank  P.,  in  Delmar  township. 

Peank  p.  Heath,  youngest  child  of  Levi  P.  Heath,  was  bom  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  January  30, 1869.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  was  educated  in 
the  district  schools  of  his  native  township  and  at  Wellsboro  High  School.  Since 
his  father's  death  he  has  cared  for  and  supported  his  mother,  working  on  a  farm 
and  in  the  lumber  woods  until  November,  1893,  when  he  settled  on  his  present 
farm  in  Delmar  township.  Mr.  Heath  was  married  November  15,  1893,  to  Miss 
Stella  M.  Bernauer,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Bernauer,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has 
one  daughter.  Hazel  Gertrude.    In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Augustus  Baktle,  a  native  of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  born  June  19, 
1796,  was  a  son  of  John  Bartle,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  father  of  seventeen 
children,  of  whom  Augustus  was  the  fourth  child  and  oldest  son.  He  learned  the 
stone  cutter's,  trade  in  boyhood,  and  followed  it  until  1841.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son, 
Jacob  C.  He  married  Cynthia  Buckley,  a  daughter  of  John  Buckley,  of  Oxford, 
'New  York,  who  bore  him  ten  children,  viz:  Augustus  C,  who  died  in  1890,  in 
Texas;  John,  deceased;  Jacob  C,  of  Delmar  township;  Peter  W.,  a  resident  of 
Arkansas;  Hannah  L.,  wife  of  George  W.  Williams,  of  Arkansas;  Mary  J.,  wife  of 
Emanuel  Impson,  of  Potter  county;  William  V.,  who  died  in  early  youth;  Emily  E., 
widow  of  J.  C.  Wheeler,  of  Wellsboro;  Ann  A.,  wife  of  Lewis  P.  Hastings,  and  Amy 


746  HISTOBT    OS    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

C,  wife  of  Floyd  Taylor,  both,  residents  of  Dehnar  township.    Mr.  Baitle  died  ia 
1875,  and  his  wife,  in  1891,  aged  ninety  years. 

Jacob  C.  Baetle  was  born  in  Oxford,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  June  39, » 
1825,  and  lived  in  his  native  county  until  1843,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county, 
whither  his  father  had  preceded  him  some  two  years.  He  labored  at  farm  work 
in  the  summer  and  in  the  lumber  woods  during  the  winter  seasons,  for  six  years. 
In  1849  he  purchased  240  acres  of  land  in  Delmar  township,  but  subsequently  sold 
the  greater  portion  of  it,  retaining  seventy-two  acres,  upon  which  he  has  since  lived. 
He  operated  a  grist-mill  on  the  place  for  twelve  years,  when  it  was  burned.  He 
then  ran  a  mill  in  Charleston  township  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
erected  a  mill  upon  the  old  site,  conducted  it  four  years,  when  it  was  again  burned, 
and  he  has  since  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  farming.  Mr.  Bartle  was  married 
April  6, 1848,  to  Eunice  Bacon,  a  daughter  of  Oliver  Bacon.  She  was  born  January 
15,  1828,  and  bore  him  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz:  Henrietta  H.,  who  has  been 
twice  married,  first  to  P.  G-.  Lyon,  by  whom  she  had  four  children,  and  afterwards 
to  J.  T.  "Wortendyke,  of  Delmar  township;  Clara  J.,  who  died  April  9,  1890;  Eli, 
a  resident  of  Shippen  township;  Adaline,  wife  of  Henry  J.  Mitchell,  of  Delmar; 
Nellie  E.,  wife  of  Wilbur  P.  West,  of  Delmar;  Lottie  T.,  wife  of  Charles  L.  Miller, 
of  Addison,  New  York,  and  Eloise,  wife  of  Clinton  West,  of  Delmar  township.  Mrs. 
Bartle  died  September  7,  1890,  aged  sixty-two  years.  The  family  are  adherents  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics,  Eepublicans.  Mr.  Bartle  has  been  a  school 
director  for  three  years,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

William  Tatloh,  born  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  June  29,  1807,  was 
a  son  of  Andrew  and  Julia  (Stephens)  Taylor.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Scotland, 
and  his  mother  the  first  white  female  child  born  in  Otsego  county,  New  York. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children:  William,  Andrew,  James,  Cornelia  and 
Martha,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  William  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  married 
Caroline  Webb,  a  daughter  of  James  Webb,  of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  who 
bore  him  two  children:  William  A.,  of  Delmar  township,  and  Julia  A.,  wife  of  W. 
S.  Moore,  of  the  same  township.  In  1844  Mr.  Taylor  and  family  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  purchased  the  farm  in  Delmar  township  now  owned 
by  his  son,  William  A.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  June  19,  1877.  His  widow 
resides  with  William  A.  upon  the  old  homestead. 

William  A.  Tatloe,  only  son  of  William  and  Caroline  Taylor,  was  bom  in 
Chenango  county.  New  York,  August  23,  1833,  and  was  eleven  years  old  when  his 
parents  settled  in  Delmar  township.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  and  also  the 
Deerfield  and  Wellsboro  Academies,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agri- 
culture, inheriting  the  farm  purchased  by  his  father  in  1844.  He  commenced 
teaching  school  when  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  taught  for  twenty  winters,  seven- 
teen of  them  in  Delmar  township.  The  Taylor  homestead  contains  150  acres,  and  is 
located  one  mile  north  of  Olmsville.  Mr.  Taylor  was  married  January  20,  1868,  to 
Sarah  M.  Horton,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Harriet  (Plagg)  Horton.  She  was  bom 
June  21,  1843,  and  is  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Edith  E.,  William  E.,  Caro- 
line H.  and  George  L.  Mrs.  Taylor  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and 
the  K.  of  G.  E.  societies. 

LoEON  Nobles,  retired  farmer,  was  bom  in  Westfield,  Massachusetts,  February 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  747 


11,  1813,  a  son  of  Elijah  and  Martha  (Drake)  Nobles.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
town,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  began  work  in  a  cigar  factory,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years.  For  tlie  succeedtag  five  years  he  found  employment  in  a  brick- 
yard, and  afterwards  worked  two  years  in  a  butt  factory.  He  worked  five  years 
in  an  ax  factory,  and  for  a  short  time  as  a  farm  hand.  In  1844  he  removed  from 
Massachusetts  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm  of  ninety-two 
acres  in  Delmar  township,  which  he  disposed  of  six  years  later  and  bought  100  acres 
in  the  same  township.  He  sold  the  latter  in  1887,  and  purchased  his  present  farm, 
some  five  miles  west  of  Wellsboro.  On  July  13,  1836,  Mr.  Nobles  married  Jane  C. 
Eussell,  to  which  union  were  born  the  following  children:  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Ira  C. 
"Wilson,  of  Delmar;  William  and  George  A.,  who  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  died  in  the  service;  Ella,  wife 
of  William  M.  Wilson,  of  Delmar;  Daniel  L.,  of  Tioga;  Julia,  wife  of  George  W. 
Balfour,  of  Antrim,  and  Ferdinand  E.,  a  fanner  of  Delmar.  In  politics,  Mr.  Nobles 
is  a  Eepublican,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  also 
of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Feedinand  E.  Nobles,  youngest  child  of  Loron  and  Jane  C.  Nobles,  was  bom 
in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  July  28,  1859,  and  obtained  a  common  school 
education.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  rented  a  farm,  which  he  cultivated  one 
year,  and  then  went  to  Michigan  and  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  for  eighteen 
months.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  opened  a  boarding  house,  which  he  carried  on 
for  a  year  and  a  half,  and  then  returned  to  Tioga  county.  He  worked  for  his  father 
a  short  time,  then  purchased  fifty  acres  of  land  from  the  latter,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In  the  spring  of  1894  he  opened  a  small  grocery 
store,  which  he  conducts  in  connection  with  his  farm.  Mr.  Nobles  was  married 
February  19, 1890,  to  Lida  Boyden,  a  daughter  of  Charles  F.  Boyden,  of  Delmar,  and 
has  four  children:  Jesse  L.,  Bessie  J.,  Zorado  Mildred  and  Clara  Lydia.  Mrs. 
Nobles  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  connected  with  the  P.  of  H.,  and 
politically,  is  a  Eepublican. 

Geoege  Valsing  was  born  in  Germany,  July  32,  1835,  a  son  of  Martin  and 
Anna  Valsing,  who  immigrated  from  Germany  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  with 
their  family,  consisting  of  three  children,  George,  Walter  and  Veronia,  and  located 
on  the  present  Valsing  farm  in  Delmar  township,  Here  Mr.  Valsing  died  May  14, 
1855,  aged  forty-nine  years.  His  wife  died  May  17,  1870,  aged  sixty  years,  after 
an  illness  of  four  years.  George  was  seven  years  old  when  the  family  came  to  this 
county,  and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  homestead  farm.  On  Noyember  35,  1868,  he 
married  Clara  Dartt,  a  daughter  of  Eussell  Dartt,  of  Delmar  township,  to  which 
union  were  bom  four  children,  viz:  Walter,  bom  September  1,  1873;  Nellie  J., 
March  4, 1875,  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Lock  Haven,  and  a  teacher 
by  profession;  Hattie,  October  34,  1878,  and  Eussell,  March  30,  1881,  all  of  whom 
reside  with  their  mother  on  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Valsing  died  January  3,  1883. 
He  was  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
The  family  attended  that  church,  and  Mrs.  Valsing  and  her  two  oldest  children  axe 
members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Walter  has  chaxge  of  the  farm,  and  has 
proven  himself  a  good  son,  and  an  energetic  farmer. 

Feedinaitd  T.  Stuemee  was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  January  10, 1803,  there 


748  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

learned  the  harness  mater's  trade,  which  he  followed  in  his  native  laad  up  to  1836. 
In  that  year  he  immigrated  to  New  York  City,  worked  at  his  trade  there  for  a  short 
time,  and  then  came  to  Manchester,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  found 
employment  in  saw-miUs  for  eight  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  purchased 
eighty  acres  of  land  in  Delmar  township,  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  in 
the  summer  seasons  and  working  at  his  trade  in  Wellsboro  during  the  winter.  In 
1844  he  married  Diana  Bernauer,  who  became  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz: 
George,  of  Delmar;  Mary  L.,  deceased  wife  of  Walter  Wetherbee;  Maria  A.,  deceased 
wife  of  Edward  D.  Fisher;  Frances,  wife  of  Eobert  L.  Wilson,  of  Delmar,  and  Fer- 
dinand, who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty.  Mr.  Sturmer  died  February  5,  1873,  and  his 
wife,  December  13,  1887. 

Geoege  Stuemee,  eldest  child  of  Ferdinand  T.  Sturmer,  was  bom  in  Shippen 
township,  Tioga  county,  December  36,  1845.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended 
the  district  school  in  boyhood,  and  worked  for  his  parents  until  he  was  thirty-one 
years  old.  He  then  purchased  the  homestead  farm  from  the  other  heirs,  and  operated 
it  until  1886,  when  he  sold  the  property  and  purchased  his  present  farm  of  eighty- 
seven  acres  in  Delmar  township.  He  also  owns  fifty-three  acres  of  timber  land  in 
Shippen.  On  June  13, 1877,  Mr.  Sturmer  married  Eliza  Boot,  a  daughter  of  George 
and  Polly  (Wilson)  Eoot,  of  Liberty  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  chil- 
dren, viz:  Eay  V.,  deceased;  Eank  V.,  Eoss  M.  and  George  E.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  P.  of  H.,  and  politically,  a  Eepublican. 

Daniel  Fishee  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1815,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth 
(Lininger)  Fisher.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  land,  and  in  1837  immigrated 
to  the  United  States  and  found  employment  on  a  farm  in  New  Jersey  for  three  years. 
He  subsequently  clerked  in  a  grocery  store  in  Few  York  City  for  several  months, 
and  then  removed  to  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  spent  one  year.  The 
following  year  he  lived  in  Susquehanna  county,  on  a  farm,  and  then  came  to  Tioga 
county.  After  working  one  year  as  a  farm  hand,  he  purchased  100  acres  of  land 
in  Delmar  township,  located  upon  it,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  and 
lumbering.  In  1843,  he  married  Catherine  Sticklin,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mar- 
garet (Grosjean)  Sticklin,  to  which  union  have  been  born  nine  children,  viz:  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  James  English,  of  Kansas;  Edward  D.,  of  Wellsboro;  Adelia,  wife  of 
Nelson  Wedge,  of  Kansas;  Carrie,  deceased;  Mary,  wife  of  Frank  Parks,  of  Delmar; 
Henry,  who  lives  with  his  parents;  Annie,  wife  of  Lewis  Deane,  of  Delaware  county, 
New  York;  John,  a  farmer  of  Shippen  township,  and  Albert  C,  at  home.  Mrs. 
Fisher  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  Mr.  Fisher  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  filled  the  ofiice  of  school  director. 

Edwaed  D.  Fishee,  eldest  son  of  Daniel  Fisher,  was  born  in  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  January  18,  1845,  was  reared  on  the  homestead  and  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  working  in  the  lumber 
woods  in  Delmar  township,  which  business  he  continued  for  eighteen  years.  He 
then  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar,  cultivated  it  for  eight  years,  and  then  sold  it  and 
bought  his  present  farm  of  106  acres  within  the  borough  limits.  Mr.  Fisher  was  mar- 
ried March  30,  1876,  to  Maria  A.  Sturmer,  a  daughter  of  Ferdinand  T.  and  Diana 
(Bernauer)  Sturmer,  of  Delmar.  She  died  May  33,  1879,  aged  thirty-two  years. 
He  was  again  married  March  5,  1883,  to  Corrinne  West,  a  daughter  of  Luther  and 


BI06EAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  749 


Eosalthe  (Keeney)  West,  of  Middlebury  township.  They  have  an  adopted  son, 
Harry,  born  June  39,  1878.  Mrs.  Fisher  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Fisher  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  supervisor  of  Delmar  and  as- 
sessor of  Wellsboro. 

Ira  D.  Hotchkiss  was  born  in  Harpersfield,  Delaware  county.  New  York,  Oc- 
tober 16,  1825,  and  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  six  children  born  to  Joseph  and 
Lydia  (Davenport)  Hotchkiss,  only  two  of  whom  are  living.  The  father  died  in 
1831,  aged  forty-one  years,  and  his  wife,  in  1875,  aged  eighty-three.  Ira  D.  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  school  of  his  native  town. 
In  1845  he  came  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a 
general  store  for  five  and  a  half  years.  He  then  went  to  Hornellsville,  New  York, 
and  followed  clerking  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  opened  a  store  in 
Jasper,  New  York,  where  he  carried  on  merchandising  for  six  and  a  half  years. 
Selling  out  he  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  rented  a  farm  in  Deerfield  township, 
which  he  worked  for  six  years,  and  then  located  on  his  father-in-law's  farm  in 
Delmar  township.  At  the  end  of  one  year  he  moved  to  Bath,  New  York,  to  take 
charge  of  the  Davenport  Orphan  Girls'  Home  fajm,  his  wife  serving  as  matron  of 
that  institution.  They  occupied  these  respective  positions  for  six  and  a  half  years, 
and  in  1873  again  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased  his  present  farm  of 
sixty-seven  acres,  a  short  distance  south  of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Hotchkiss  was  married 
in  1854,  to  Sarah  Bulkley,  a  daughter  of  George  Bulkley,  of  Deerfield  township,  and 
has  two  children  by  that  marriage:  Lucy,  wife  of  E.  J.  Tuttle,  of  Delmar,  and  Carrie, 
wife  of  Orrin  Penfield,  of  Delaware  county.  New  York.  Mrs.  Hotchkiss  died  in 
1859,  aged  twenty-seven  years.  In  1864,  he  married  Lucy  Moore,  a  daughter  of 
Eiehard  Moore,  of  Delmar  township.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  and  both  she  and  her  husband  belong  to  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Hotchkiss  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  ofiices  of  assessor  and 
auditor  of  Delmar  township. 

Daeius  B.  Foed,  a  native  of  Smithfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, bom  July  8,  1837,  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1845,  and  purchased  the  present 
Ford  farm  in  Delmar  township.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  property,  and  de- 
voted the  balance  of  his  life  to  farming  and  lumbering.  Mr.  Ford  was  married  May 
5,  1850,  to  Sarah  A.  Symonds,  bom  on  January  39,  1831.  Six  children  were  the 
fruits  of  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Laurena  M.,  Caroline  G.,  wife  of  Charles  W. 
Fuller,  of  Charleston  township;  Emeline  L.,  wife  of  Hiram  Tomb,  of  Delmar; 
Cassius  M.  and  Elmer  E.,  both  residents  of  Delmar,  and  Clara  S.,  wife  of  Lee 
English,  of  the  same  township.  Mrs.  Ford  died  March  15,  1883,  and  her  husband, 
November  7,  1889. 

Cassitjs  M.  Foed,  second  son  of  Darius  B.  Ford,  was  born  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  April  16,  1859,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  upon  the  home- 
stead farm,  where  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture.  He  married  Addie 
Dibble,  a  daughter  of  Calvin  Dibble,  October  27,  1877.  Mr.  Ford  is  a  Eepublican, 
in  politics,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Vine  Baldwin  was  bom  near  Athens,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1784, 
the  first  white  male  child  born  in  that  locality.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  and  a  grand- 
son of  Isaac  Baldwin,  pioneers  of  Bradford  county.     He  married  Sarah  Burt,  of 


750  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Chemung  county,  New  York,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  as  follows:  Thomas, 
a  resident  of  Troy,  Bradford  county;  Vine  H.  and  Eobert  C,  both  deceased; 
Mrs.  Martha  Kress,  deceased;'  Mrs.  Mary  Pickering,  deceased;  Miles 
C,  of  Chemung  county.  New  York,  and  Morgan.  In  1834  Mr.  Baldwin  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  on  the  "Big  Marsh," 
now  the  site  of  Stokesdale,  but  after  a  few  years'  residence  here  he  moved 
to  Chemung  county,  New  York,  where  he  died  in  1872. 

Vine  H.  Baldvfin  was  born  in  Eidgebury  township,  Bradford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1815,  second  son  of  Vine  Baldwin.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  ob- 
tained a  common  school  education.  In  1847  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased 
eighty  acres  of  land  in  Delmar  township,  to  which  he  subsequently  added  by  other 
purchases  until  he  owned  365  acres.  On  May  37,  1853,  Mr.  Baldwin  married 
Cynthia  D.  Boyden,  a  daughter  of  Addison  Boyden,  of  Canada,  to  which  marriage 
were  born  five  children,  viz:'  Thomas,  a  farmer  of  Delmar  township;  Charlotte, 
who  died  Novemiber  17,  1883;  Eosette,  wife  of  Eugene  English,  of  Shippen;  Alfred 
M.,  of  Delmar,  and  Charles  V.,  of  the  same  township.  Mr.  Baldwin  filled  the  offices 
of  overseer  of  the  poor  and  supervisor,  and  in  politics,  was  a  Eepublican.  He  died 
May  3  1887,  and  his  wife,  November  9,  1890. 

Alfeed  M.  Baldvtin  was  born  upon  the  present  homestead  farm,  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  4,  1864,  a  son  of  Vine  H.  Baldwin.  He  attended  the 
district  school,  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  took  charge  of  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township  given  him  by  his  father,  where  he  has  since  lived.  On  December  17,  1887, 
he  married  Ella  Ainsley,  a  daughter  of  Marvin  Ainsley,  of  Potter  county.  In 
polities,  Mr.  Baldwin  is  a  Eepublican. 

Joseph  Mitchell  was  bom  in  Yorkshire,  England,  December  24,  1833,  a  son 
of  James  and  Martha  (Driver)  Mitchell,  natives  of  Scotland  and  England, 
respectively.  James  Mitchell  was  a  miner  by  occupation,  and  was  a  foreman  of 
itiines  in  England  and  Nova  Scotia  during  the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  He  was 
the  father  of  the  following  children:  Eobert,  William,  Jeremiah,  James  S.  and 
Charles,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Henry,  a  retired  mine  owner  of  Nova  Scotia;  Grace 
and  Thomas,  both  deceased,  and  Joseph,  of  Delmar.  Mr.  Mitchell  died  in  Nova 
Scotia,  aged  fifty  years.  His  widow  came  to  the  United  States  with  her  three  sons, 
Henry,  Thomas  and  Joseph,  and  located  in  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  whence 
they  removed  one  year  later  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  where  the  sons  found 
employment  in  the  mines.  She  died  at  the  home  of  her  son  Joseph,  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, aged  ninety-three  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  fifteen  years  old 
when  his  mother  came  to  Pennsylvania.  He  worked  in  the  mines  near  Blossburg 
four  years,  and  later  five  years  in  the  mines  at  Morris  Eun.  He  then  moved  to 
Liberty  township,  purchased  a  farm,  and  lived  upon  it  ten  years.  Selling  out,  he 
bought  coal  lands  in  Morris  township,  now  known  as  the  "Mitchell  Mines,"  and 
operated  them  for  twelve  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  sold  the  property  and 
bought  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr. 
Mitchell  was  married  July  15,  1854,  to  Sarah  Langwith,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Lang- 
with,  of  Nova  Scotia,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  viz:  Henry  J.,  of  Delmar 
township;  Martha,  who  died  at  the  age  of  four  years;  Grace,  wife  of  Ford  Kings- 
bury, of  Hoytville;   Jennie,  wife  of  "William  Shaw,  of  Elmira,  New  York;   Annie, 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  751 


Sadie  and  Elizabeth,  all  of  whom  live  with  their  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mitchell  and 
their  three  youngest  daughters,  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  in 
politics,  the  family  is  strongly  Eepublican. 

Heney  J.  Mitchell,  eldest  child  of  Joseph  Mitchell,  was  born  in  Morris  Eun, 
Tioga  county.  May  4,  1855,  and  was  reared  beneath  the  parental  roof.  From  the  age 
of  twelve  years  he  worked  in  his  father's  mines  in  Morris  township,  at  which  business 
he  continued  until  he  was  twenty-four.  He  later  conducted  a  hotel  at  Sand  Eun, 
Tioga  county,  for  two  years,  and  then  purchased  a  farm  on  East  Hill,  Delmar  town- 
ship, which  he  cultivated  five  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  sold  out  and  bought 
his  present  farm,  which  originally  embraced  173  acres,  off  which  he  has  since  sold 
seventy-two  acres,  leaving  100  acres  of  well-improved  land,  to  which  he  has  recently 
added  thirty-one  acres.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  dairy  farming,  keeping  about  six- 
teen cows.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  married  July  29,  1879,  to  Adaline  Bartle,  a  daughter 
of  J.  C.  Bartle,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Martha,  Harry  B. 
and  Eunice.  Mrs.  Mitchell  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Mitchell  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  been  assistant  assessor  of  Delmar 
one  term.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  Daughters  of  Eebekah,  and  also  of  Stony  Fork  Grange,  'No.  1033,  P.  of  H.  They 
have  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  and  progress  of  Pomona  Grange. 

AuGTJSTTis  P.  AND  Chaeles  Keeislee  were  natives  of  Bremen,  Germany.  The 
former  came  to  the  United  States  alone  and  located  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
purchasing  the  present  Kreisler  farm  in  Delmar  township.  Charles  came  out  a  few 
years  later  to  visit  his  brother,  and  concluded  to  remain  here.  He  married  Martha 
Putman,  a  daughter  of  John  Putman.  She  was  born  August  33,  1838,  and  became 
the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  William  A.,  a  lumberman  on  Marsh  creek; 
Andrew  J.,  a  farmer  in  Nebraska;  Eliza,  deceased;  Elias  E.,  of  Delmar;  Nettie  M., 
wife  of  William  Vandergrift,  and  Franklin  L.  Charles  Kreisler  died  in  1867,  and 
his  widow  married  his  brother,  Augustus  P.,  who  died  April  6,  1884.  Mrs.  Kreisler 
lives  with  her  son,  Elias  E.,  on  the  old  homestead. 

Elias  E.  Keeislee  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  September  10, 
1854,  a  son  of  Charles  and  Martha  Kreisler.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  attended 
the  common  schools  of  his  district.  Since  the  death  of  his  step-father,  Augustus  P. 
Kreisler,  he  has  owned  and  cultivated  the  homestead,  which  embraces  eighty-seven 
acres.  On  October  38,  1885,  he  married  Mary  J.  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  Eansford  D.. 
and  Cordelia  Bartle,  and  has  two  children,  Delia  A.  and  Otto  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kreisler  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  he  is  also  connected  with  the 
I.  0.  0.  P.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

William  Statts  was  born  in  Darmstadt,  Germany,  June  31,  1799,  there  grew 
to  manhood  and  married  Maria  Doahvengen.  In  1841  he  immigrated  with  his 
family  to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  where  he  worked  as  a  laborer  seven  or  eight  years,  at. 
the  end  of  which  period  he  came  to  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  worked  in  the  saw-mills  for  about  fifteen  years.  He  then  removed  to  Delmar 
township,  and  made  his  home  with  his  children  until  his  death.  May  3,  1870.  To 
William  and  Maria  Statts  were  born  the  following  children:  Johann,  a  resident  of 
Eichmond,  Virginia;  Margaret,  deceased;  John,  of  Delmar  township;  Henry  W.,  of 


752  HISTOET    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

the  same  township;  Anna  K.,  and  James,  both  deceased.     Mrs.  Statts  died  November 
7,  1885,  aged  eighty-six  years. 

John  Statts,  eldest  son  of  William  Statts,  was  bom  in  Germany,  February  28, 
1825,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county.  He  worked  in  saw-mills  for 
fifteen  years,  during  which  time  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  ninety-two  acres, 
four  miles  west  of  Wellsboro.  The  land  was  then  covered  by  the  primitive  forest, 
but  by  hard  and  diligent  labor  he  has  converted  it  into  a  fertile  farm.  In  1852  Mr. 
Statts  married  Mary  Smith,  and  has  reared  three  children,  viz:  Margaret,  de- 
ceased wife  of  Charles  Balfour;  William  A.,  who  lives  on  the  home  farm,  and  Mary, 
wife  of  Joseph  E.  Fishier,  of  Delmar.  Mr.  Statts  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  while  his  wife  is  an  adherent  of  the  Catholic  church.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

William  A.  Statts,  only  son  of  John  Statts,  and  grandson  of  William  Statts, 
was  bom  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county.  May  6,  1854.  He  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  this  county,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  with  his  parents  on  the  home 
farm.  He  was  married  September  28,  1875,  to  Anna  Eosette  Fisehler,  a  daughter 
of  John  Fisehler,  of  Delmar  township.  Six  children  have  blessed  this  union,  viz: 
Laura  M.,  John  W.,  Edward  Lloyd,  William  Leon,  deceased;  Albert  Joseph  and 
Leo  Leonard.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Statts  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  clerk  of  Delmar  for  three  terms. 

Henet  W.  Statts  was  bom  in  Germany,  March  29,  1831,  and  came  to  Balti- 
more, Maryland,  with  his  parents  when  about  nine  years  old,  and  subsequently  to 
Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  worked  in  the  saw-mills  of  that  locality 
for  eight  years.  He  afterwards  came  to  Delmar  township,  bought  twenty  acres  of 
land  on  the  Pine  Creek  road,  and  began  farming.  In  1884  he  purchased  his  present 
farm  of  sixty-seven  acres,  on  the  Stowell  road,  four  miles  west  of  Wellsboro.  Mr. 
Statts  was  married  October  15,  1853,  to  Maria  E.  Kiphart,  who  has  borne  him  four 
children,  viz:  Annie  I.,  who  died  June  13,  1862;  Carrie  Viola,  wife  of  M.  W. 
Carpenter,  of  Cedar  Eun,  Lycoming  county;  Eose  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Maud 
Ellen,  a  student  at  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Lima,  ISI'ew  York.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Statts  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

Allen  Webstee,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  bom  November  22,  1805,  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1825,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Sullivan  township, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife.  Thanks 
Norton,  was  bom  September  5,  1806,  and  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Alvin  N.,  of 
Delmar  township;  Solomon,  deceased;  James  D.,  a  farmer  in  Shippen  township; 
Triphena,  wife  of  Noah  Bradway,  of  Eichmond  township;  William,  a  farmer  of  Sul- 
livan, and  Ellen,  deceased.  His  second  wife  was  Laura  Tinkham,  who  became  the 
mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Ehoda,  Orso  and  Berdett,  all  residents  of  Sullivan 
township.     Mrs.  Webster  died  upon  the  homestead  in  that  township. 

Alvin  N.  Webstee,  eldest  child  of  Allen  and  Thanks  (Norton)  Webster,  was 
bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  April  5,  1829,  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and 
educated  in  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  working  out 
as  a  farm  hand  and  in  the  lumber  woods,  which  he  followed  one  year.  In  1851  he 
purchased  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  of  103  acres,  then  covered  with 
the  primitive  forest,  which  he  has  since  cleared  and  improved,  devoting  his  entire 


(j}Ja^nd^    c^^^>^-(-<^ 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  753 


attention  to  agriculture.  On  July  8,  1856,  he  married  Esther  M.  Woo&ter,  a 
daughter  of  Moses  Wooster,  of  Chenango  county,  New  York.  She  was  bom  March 
8,  1832,  and  is  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Ellen  E.,  deceased;  Violetta,  wife 
of  Luther  Walbridge,  of  Delmar;  Carrie  M.,  wife  of  Arthur  Stratton,  of  Niles  Valley, 
and  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  William  F.  Gitchell.  Mr.  Webster  and  wife  are  members  of 
the  Baptist  church,  and  politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

James  Olmstead,  a  native  of  Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States  in  early  man- 
hood, and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  in  which  business  he  became  quite  pro- 
ficient. He  worked  for  many  years  at  Milltown,  near  Wftverly,  New  York,  and 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1865.  He  purchased  a  farm  near  Wellsboro, 
upon  which  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life.  Mr.  Olmstead  was  the  father 
of  five  children,  viz:  Henry,  a  resident  of  Great  Bend,  New  York;  Stephen,  deceased; 
Ashmond,  a  resident  of  Sayre,  Bradford  county;  Jane,  widow  of  George  Ayres,  of 
Sayre,  and  Clement  P.  He  also  reared  two  adopted  daughters,  viz:  Mrs.  Kate 
Denmark,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Eussell,  of  Delmar. 

Clement  P.  Olmstead  was  bom  at  Milltown,  near  Waverly,  New  York,  in 
1834,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  in  1852  purchased  the  present  Olmstead  farm  of 
120  acres  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  upon  which  he  settled  the  same  year. 
Some  years  later  he  lost  his  mind,  and  in  1876  wandered  away  from  home  and  never 
returned.  It  is  supposed  that  he  died  in  the  dense  forest  then  covering  this  portion 
of  the  county.  He  married  Sarah  J.  Townsend,  who  reared  three  children,  Jacob 
E.,  Francis  H.  and  Charles  E.,  all  farmers  of  Delmar  township.  Mrs.  Olmstead 
resides  with  her  son,  Jacob  E.,  on  the  old  homestead. 

Jacob  E.  Olmstead,  eldest  child  of  Clement  P.  and  Sarah  J.  Olmstead.  was 
bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  September  24,  1855.  From  the  age  of 
seven  to  fourteen  years  he  worked  out  for  his  board  and  clothes,  and  had  very  little 
advantage  to  obtain  an  education.  When  fourteen  years  old,  he  commenced  working 
as  a  farm  hand  in  summer  and  in  the  lumber  woods  during  the  winter  seasons,  which 
he  followed  until  1881.  He  then  rented  a  farm,  which  he  cultivated  four  years.  In 
1885  he  and  his  brother,  Charles  E.,  bought  his  present  farm,  but  in  1889  he  pur- 
chased his  brother's  interest.  This  is  the  same  property  owned  by  his  father,  which 
had  passed  out  of  the  family's  possession.  Mr.  Olmstead  was  married  February  2, 
1887,  to  Olive  V.  Stradley,  a  daughter  of  Archibald  T.  Stradley,  of  Lycoming  county. 
They  have  four  children,  Lealon  C,  Cleovia  J.,  and  Gail  A.  and  Gladys  L.,  twins. 
Politically,  Mr.  Olmstead  is  a  Eepublican. 

Eanseoed  D.  Babtle  was  bom  in  Chenango  coimty,  New  York,  February  20, 
1832,  a  son  of  John  W.  and  Arvilla  (Hill)  Bartle.  His  father  was  born  in  Che- 
nango county,  January  28,  1804,  a  son  of  David  Bartle,  and  married  Arvilla  Hill,  a 
daughter  of  Chauncey  Hill,  in  1831.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  as 
follows:  Eansford  D.,  of  Delmar  township;  Erwin  D.,  who  resided  on  the  old  home- 
stead in  Chenango  county,  until  his  death,  January  29,  1896;  John  S.,  deceased; 
David  W.,  who  died  at  Oxford,  New  York,  February  3,  1897,  and  Newton  D.,  a  resi- 
dent of  Guilford,  Chenango  county.  The  father  died  November  7,  1871,  and  the 
mother,  October  14,  1890,  aged  seventy-eight  years.  Eansford  D.  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and  worked  at  home  until  he  was  twenty  years  old.  In  1852  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  purchased  a  farm  in  Covington  township,  and  culti- 

48 


754  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

vated  it  eight  years.  He  then  sold  it  and  came  tO'  Delmar  township,  where  he  pur- 
chased his  present  farm  of  156  acres,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Bartle 
was  married  June  22,  1854,  to  Cordelia  Allen,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Deborah 
(Walker)  Allen,  of  Cazenovia,  New  York.  Ten  children  have  been  bom  to  this 
union,  viz:  Sophia  A.,  wife  of  Edwin  Campbell,  of  Delmar;  Saxah  Phinnie,  wife  of 
William  Campbell,  of  the  same  township;  Carrie  D.,  deceased  wife  of  William  B. 
Eberenz;  Thomas  W.,  a  miller  at  Stony  Pork;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Elias  Kreisler,  of 
Delmar;  Alanson  P.,  Birdie  A.,  Arthur  S.,  who  maxried  Isabel  Copestick,  a  daughter 
of  Charles  Copestick,  and  Earl  L.,  all  of  whom  reside  at  home,  and  Lewis  V.,  who  died 
Pebruary  2,  1892,  in  his  twelfth  year.  Mr.  Bartle  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  one 
of  the  progressive  farmers  of  Delmar. 

Lewis  P.  Hastings  was  born  in  Smithville,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  May 
2,  1833,  a  son  of  William  P.  and  Diana  (Johnson)  Hastings.  He  is  the  youngest  in 
the  family  of  seven  children,  named  as  follows:  Sarah  A.,  Clarinda  and  John  S.,  all 
of  whom  are  dead;  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Lucius  Campbell,  of  Stony  Pork;  Edward, 
deceased;  Catherine,  wife  of  C.  E.  Whitman,  of  Oswego,  New  York,  and  Lewis  P. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  and  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  when  nineteen  years  of  age.  After  working  nine  years 
as  a  farm  hand,  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  eighty  acres  in  Delmar  township, 
where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  Mr.  Hastings  married  Ann 
Augusta  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  Angus  Bartle,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  three 
children,  viz:  Elva  D.,  Fred  B.  and  Charles  L.,  all  residents  of  Delmar.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Hastings  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Patrick  H.  Scanlin  was  born  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  September 
15,  1832,  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Hennessy)  Scanlin,  natives  of  Ireland. 
Patrick  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  five  children,  viz:  John,  a  resident  of  Bradford 
county;  Annie,  who  died  when  six  years  old;  Patrick  H.,  of  Delmar  township; 
Thomas,  who  lives  in  Bradford  county,  and  Mary,  wife  of  James  Hyde,  of  Sullivan 
county.  Both  the  parents  are  deceased.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reaxed  on 
a  farm,  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  when  twenty-one  years 
of  age  came  to  Tioga  county  and  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  five  years.  He  then 
purchased  his  present  farm  of  160  acres  in  Delmar  township,  on  which  he  has  since 
lived.  Mr.  Scanlin  was  married  Pebruary  1,  1861,  to  Ellen  Johnson,  a  daughter 
of  Abraham  and  Maryett  Johnson,  of  Delmar  township.  Six  children  are  the  fruits 
of  this  marriage,  named  as  follows:  Charles,  who  married  Dela  Marshall,  and  lives 
in  Wellsboro;  Thomas,  Mary,  Annie,  John,  who  died  March  17,  1895,  and  Daniel, 
the  last  two  being  twins.  Mr.  Scanlin  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial farmers  of  his  township. 

Stlvanus  Mooke  was  born  in  McDonough,  Chenango  county,  New  York, 
June  7,  1812,  a  son  of  Sylvanus  Moore,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  came  to  Che- 
nango county  itfearly  manhood,  where  he  followed  farming  and  was  also  agent  for  the 
Ludlow  Land  Company.  He  was  twice  jnarried,  and  reared  quite  a  large  family, 
only  five  of  whom  are  living.  The  parents  died  in  New  York  state.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county.  He  followed  farming  and  Itimbering  there  until  1854,  when  he  cam.e  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  the  farm  in  Delmar  township  on  which 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  755 


his  son,  William  S.,  now  resides.  He  married  Mary  D.  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  Simon 
and  Anna  Wilcox,  to  which  union  were  born  eight  children,  viz:  Charlotte,  widow 
of  J.  S.  Coles;  Henry,  deceased;  William  S.,  of  Delmar;  Louisa,  wife  of  Fra.nk 
Dodge,  of  Elmer,  Potter  county;  Uriah  B.,  deceased;  Adelbert,  of  Delmar;  Emeline, 
deceased,  and  Herman  S.,  a  resident  of  Elmer,  Potter  county.  Mrs.  Moore  died 
July  24,  1878,  aged  sixty-nine  years.  Her  husband  died  March  27,  1895,  in  Outa- 
gamie county,  Wisconsin. 

William  S.  Moore  was  bom  in  McDonough,  Chenango  county.  New  York, 
April  18,  1838,  was  reared  upon  the  farm  in  his  native  county,  and  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  He  was  sixteen  years  old  when  his  parents  located 
in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  and  he  remained  at  home  assisting  in  the  duties 
of  the  farm  until  his  majority.  He  then  began  working  in  a  saw-mill  on  Pine  creek, 
but  at  the  end  of  six  months  took  a  lumber  job  and  rafted  the  lumber  down 
Pine  creek  and  the  Susquehanna  to  Columbia,  which  business  he  followed 
two  years.  He  then  purchased  400  acres  of  timber  land  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, and  devoted  four  years  to  clearing  and  improving  it,  still  continuing 
in  the  lumber  business.  In  1867  he  moved  on  his  present  farm,  once 
owned  by  his  father,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  In  1865  he  mar- 
ried Julia  Adelaide  Taylor,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Caroline  (Webb)  Taylor, 
of  Delmar,  and  has  two  children,  viz:  Wilburn  T.,  bom  December  26,  1867,  who 
married  Hulda  Devowl,  and  has  four  children:  Carl,  Asyrius,  Cleris  aud  an  in- 
fant daughter;  and  Marian,  who  married  Alfred  Walbridge,  had  two  children, 
Marian  and  Florence,  and  died  May  3,  1892.  Mr.  Moore  and  son  are  members  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

John  Pischler  was  bom  in  Germany,  in  1832,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret 
(Hoagg)  Pischler.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  land,  and  in  1854, 
when  twenty-two  years  old,  immigrated  to  the  United  States,  coming  soon  after- 
wards to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  worked  on  a  farm  for  Samuel 
Dickinson  one  season,  and  then  went  to  Charleston  township,  where  he  worked  for 
James  Kelley  seven  years.  In  1862  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  112  acres, 
four  miles  west  of  Wellsboro,  which  he  cleared  and  improved  and  upon  which  he 
has  since  lived.  In  1856  Mr.  Pischler  married  Wilhelmina  Kohler,  who  is  the 
mother  of  the  following  children:  Anna  K.,  wife  of  W.  A.  Statts,  of  Delmar;  Lena, 
wife-  of  Lewis  B.  Smith,  of  Delmar;  Joseph  E.,  a  farmer  in  the  same  township; 
Louisa,  wife  of  Joseph  Glass,  of  Wellsboro;  Sarali,  wife  of  Daniel  McCarty,  of  the 
same  place;  Maggie,  wife  of  Otto  Martz,  also  a  resident  of  Wellsboro;  Samuel  and 
Maiy,  both  living  at  home.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church,  and 
in  polities,  adherents  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Avert  Kennedy,  a  son  of  Alexander  and  Catherine  (Brown)  Kennedy,  was 
born  in  Vermont,  in  1800.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  made  farming  his  life  vo- 
cation, first  locating  in  Springfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
whence  he  came  to  Tioga  county  about  1856.  He  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1870.  He  was  a  local  preacher 
in  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  and  preached  the  gospel  in  Bradford  and  Tioga 
counties.  Mr.  Kennedy  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Julia  A.  Wilcox,  was  the 
mother  of  seven  children,  viz:   Philura  and  Mary  A.,  both  deceased;  Avery  J.,  of 


756  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Delmar;  Daniel  and  Evelyn,  both  deceased;  Alexander  A.,  a  resident  of  Minnesota, 
and  Samuel  W.,  of  Delmar.  His  second  wife  was  Axey  Hugg,  who  bore  him  eight 
ohildren,  viz:  Stephen  F.,  of  Wellsboro;  Eussell,  of  Middlebury;  Olive,  wife  of 
Eobert  Francis,  of  Shippen;  William,  deceased;  Lydia,  wife  of  Dickison  Francis, 
of  Delmar;  Hosea,  of  the  same  township;  Jennie,  wife  of  Thomas  Ashley,  and 
Letitia,  wife  of  Frank  Kennedy,  both  residents  of  Delmar. 

Samuel  W.  Kennedy,  youngest  child  of  Avery  and  Julia  A.  (Wilcox)  Kennedy, 
was  bom  in  Springfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  February  28, 
ihoi.  He  followed  farming  in  his  native  county  until  the  removal  of  the  family  to 
Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  subsequently  purchased  his  present  farm 
of  133  acres,  upon  which  he  located  in  1866.  In  1855  he  married  Emma  E.  Wright, 
a  daughter  of  James  Wright,  of  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county.  She  was  bom 
January  20,  1838,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Charles  E.,  a  farmer  of 
Shippen  township;  Amanda  F.,  wife  of  Willard  Ashley,  of  Shippen;  Fannie  M., 
wife  of  Isaac  B.  Horton,  of  Delmar;  Lewis  W.,  who  was  bora  July  31,  1862,  pur- 
chased the  homestead  from  his  father  in  1893,  and  has  since  cultivated  it,  and 
Delia  M.,  who  lives  at  home.  Mrs.  Kennedy  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  both  she  and  husband,  also  their  son,  Lewis  W.,  are  connected  with  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In  politics,  the  family  are  adherents  of  the  Democratic 
paxty. 

Chaelbs  Goodeeau  was  bom  in  St.  Hyacinthe,  Canada,  March  22,  1818,  a  son 
of  Charles  and  Mary  (Labeaux)  Goodreau,  and  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  five  children. 
When  nineteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  Saratoga  county,  New  York,  and  followed 
farming  some  fifteen  years.  He  then  removed  to  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  some  years,  and  afterwards  operated 
a  tannery  at  Canton,  Bradford  county,  from  1849  to  1852.  In  1856  he  came  to 
Tioga  county  and  located  at  Wellsboro,  but  three  years  later  bought  his  present 
farm  in  Delmar  township,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agricultxire, 
with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  that  he  owned  and  operated  a  saw-mill  at  Stony 
Fork.  Mr.  Goodreau  was  married  June  9,  1875,  to  Maggie  Kennedy,  a  daughter  of 
George  W.  Kennedy,  of  Delmar.  Five  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz: 
William  L.,  bom  October  6,  1876;  Mary  L.,  September  9,  1878;  Charles  L.,  Sep- 
tember 13,  1880;  Mortimer  E.,  November  19,  1882,  and  Eex  E.,  February  9,  1886. 
Mrs.  Goodreau  and  children  are  connected  with  the  Baptist  church,  and  also  with 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.    Politically,  the  family  is  Democratic. 

Simon  Geoss,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  bom  in  1782,  came  from  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1840.  He  was  a  shoemaker, 
but  followed  farming  in  this  county  for  two  years,  then  removed  to  Potter  county, 
purchased  a  farm,  and  was  accidentally  killed  in  1848.  He  married  Clarissa  Starkey, 
who  bore  him  nine  children,  viz:  Abraham,  Lucy,  Currency,  Morilla,  Loduskey, 
Angeline  (all  of  whom  are  dead),  California,  Ersula  and  William  S.  Mrs.Gross  died 
in  1839,  aged  sixty  years,  and  he  subsequently  married  Julia  E.  Taylor,  but  had  no 
issue  by  this  marriage. 

William  S.  Geoss  was  born  in  Oxford,  Chenango  county.  New  York,  May  11, 
1825,  and  was  fifteen  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  Two  years 
later  he  went  with  them  to  Potter  county,  where  he  followed  farming  up  to  1857, 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  757 


when  he  sold  his  property  and  bought  a  farm  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county, 
on  which  he  hved  three  years.  He  then  sold  it  and  purchased  his  present  home- 
stead in  Delmar  township,  where  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  the 
carpenter's  trade,  which  he  learned  in  early  manhood.  In  1847  he  married  Martha 
Taylor,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  William  D.,  a  blacksmith  and  farmer 
of  Delmar;  John  D.,  a  merchant,  and  Martha  C.  Mrs.  Gross  died  in  April,  1862, 
aged  thirty-three  years.  In  September,  1863,  he  married  Julia  E.  Kennedy,  and 
has  two  children  by  this  union:  Hiram  A.,  of  Delmar,  and  Emma,  wife  of  Avery 
Francis,  of  Delmar.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gross  are  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist 
church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepubliean. 

William  D.  Geoss  was  bom  in  Potter  county,  Peimsylvania,  March  9,  1850, 
and  followed  farming  until  he  was  twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  then  learned  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  to  which  he  devotes  his  principal  attention,  though  he  also  gives 
some  attention  to  agriculture.    He  is  the  owner  of  two  farms  in  Delmar  township. 

HiHAM  A.  Gross  was  born  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  September  4, 
1863,  a  son  of  William  S.  and  Julia  E.  Gross.  He  has  followed  farming  and  lum- 
bering the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  On  September  28,  1885,  he  married  Eosa 
Francis,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  Francis,  of  Shippen  township,  and  has  two  children, 
Samuel  L.  and  Eobert  W.  Mrs.  Gross  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  In  politics,  Mr.  Gross  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  K.  of 
G.  E.    He  resides  on  the  old  homestead  with  his  parents. 

Lucius  L.  EussELL  was  born  in  Hector,  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  August 
14,  1819,  a  son  of  Elijah  and  Esther  (Austin)  Eussell.  He  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  father,  which  he  fol- 
lowed in  New  York  until  1858.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  purchased  100  acres  of  land  two  miles  west  of  Wellsboro,  upon  which  he  settled 
and  resided  until  his  death,  November  11,  1873.  He  followed  his  trade  in  connec- 
tion with  agriculture  throughout  his  residence  in  this  county.  Prior  to  his  settle- 
ment in  Tioga  county,  he  was  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  in  Catlin,  Che- 
mung county.  New  York.  Mr.  Eussell  was  married  October  23,  1845,  to  Ann  E. 
Morse,  a  daughter  of  Barak  Morse,  of  Broome  county.  New  York.  She  was  bom 
January  20,  1825,  in  TuUy,  Onondaga  county.  New  York,  and  is  the  mother  of 
seven  children,  viz:  William  0.,  of  Wellsboro;  Alice  A.,  wife  of  Thomas  D.  Marsh, 
of  the  same  borough;  Kate  E.,  wife  of  Henry  Grosjean,  of  Stokesdale  Junction; 
John  M.,  of  Delmar;  Hattie  U.,  wife  of  Edwin  Matson,  Jr.,  of  Marsh  Creek;  Lucius 
L.,  of  Delmar,  and  George  M.,  of  the  same  township.  Mr.  Eussell  was  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  to  which  denomination  his  widow  also  belongs.  She 
resides  in  Wellsboro. 

John-  M.  Eussell,  son  of  Lucius  L.  Eussell,  was  born  in  Catlin,  Chemung 
county,  New  York,  July  17, 1853,  received  a  common  school  education,  and  grew  to 
manhood  on  the  homestead  farm.  When  twenty  years  of  age  he  began  working  in 
the  lumber  woods  on  Marsh  creek,  at  which  he  continued  five  years.  He  then  bought 
two  tracts  of  timber  land  on  Heise  run,  and  was  in  the  lumber  business  up  to  1889, 
when  he  rented  the  Edwin  Matson,  Sr.,  farm,  and  has  since  cultivated  it.  On  April 
25,  1877,  Mr.  Eussell  married  Marian  C.  Derbyshire,  a  daughter  of  William  T. 
Derbyshire,  of  Delmar  township,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  four  children,  viz: 


758  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

'  Harry  H.,  Kate  E.,  Charles  F.  and  Lura  D.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eussell  are  members  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  connected 
with  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

RoBEKT  Oee,  a  native  of  Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  bom  in  1807,  and  a  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  (Kenmnre)  Orr,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  land, 
and  there  learned  the  weaver's  trade.  In  1828  he  immigrated  to  New  York  City, 
where  he  worked  at  his  trade  a  few  years,  and  then  removed  to  Onondaga  county, 
New  York.  He  continued  working  at  his  trade  in  that  county  up  to  1849,  in  which 
year  he  removed  to  Wyoming  county,  where  he  spent  ten  years,  only  part  of  the  time 
following  his  trade.  In  1859  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  rented  a 
farm  one  mile  south  of  Wellsboro,  in  Delmar  township,  which  he  cultivated  for 
two  years.  He  then  bought  a  farm  adjoining  that  now  owned  by  Thomas  J.  Orr, 
on  which  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  in  September,  1891.  He 
married  Delia  Cook,  and  to  them  were  born  four  children,  viz:  Catherine,  wife 
of  W.  E.  Tyler,  of  Minnesota;  Thomas  J.,  of  Delmar;  Eobert  S.,  who  was  killed 
before  Petersburg,  September  9,  1864,  while  serving  in  the  Union  army,  and  Alice, 
deceased  wife  of  A.  C.  Mack.    Mrs.  Orr  died  in  1887,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

Thomas  J.  Ore,  only  living  son  of  Eobert  Orr,  was  bom  in  Onondaga  county. 
New  York,  May  3,  1843,  and  was  educated  in  that  county  and  Wyoming  county. 
When  seventeen  years  old  he  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents,  and  worked 
on  the  homestead  farm  up  to  1885,  when  he  purchased  his  present  property  of  217 
acres,  a  short  distance  northwest  of  Stony  Fork,  where  he  makes  a  specialty  of 
dairy  farming,  usually  keeping  twenty-five  cows.  Mr.  Orr  was  married  March  8, 
1864,  to  Euth  Willard,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Willard,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has 
three  children,  viz:  Eobert  J.,  Kate  E.  and  Neva  A.  A  daughter  of  his  deceased 
sister  Mrs.  Mack,  Laura  D.,  also  lives  with  them.  Mr.  Orr  is  a  stanch  Democrat, 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  G.  E.,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  connected  with  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  progressive  farmers  of  his 
township. 

Eeuben  Heeeington,  a  native  of  Owego,  Tioga  county.  New  York,  bom  in 
1785,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1821,  and  located  on  Pine  creek,  in 
what  is  now  Shippen  township,  where  he  followed  lumbering  and  farming.  He 
married  Eunice  Ellis,  who  bore  him  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  viz: 
Jacob,  a  resident  of  Potter  county;  Sally  A.,  wife  of  C.  L.  Carsaifr;  Charles,  of 
Delmar;  Deroy,  who  lives  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Shippen  township,  and  Har- 
riet, wife  of  J.  T.  Purvis,  of  Niles  Yalley.  Mr.  Herrington  died  in  1861,  and  his 
wife  in  1866. 

Chaeles  Heeeixgton,  second  son  of  Eeuhen  Herrington,  was  bom  in 
Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  December  23,  1821,  was  reared  upon  the  home- 
stead, and  obtained  a  good  education  in  the  district  schools  and  at  Wellsboro 
Academy.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  opened  a  store  near  Gaines,  in  Potter 
county,  but  one  year  later  removed  to  Middlebury,  Tioga  county,  where  he  continued 
merchandising  four  years,  when  the  store  was  burned.  He  had  also  followed  lum- 
bering in  Potter  county,  which  business  he  continued  up  to  1859,  when  he  pur- 
chased his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township.  Mr.  Herrington  was  married  in  1849, 
to  Sarah  J.,  a  daughter  of  John  Mathers,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  viz: 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  759 


William  M.,  a  traveling  salesman;  Charles  L.,  deceased;  Happy,  wife  of  Edward 
Bryden,  of  Wellsboro;  Sadie,  John  P.,  Carrie,  and  Jennie,  wife  of  Dr.  Charles 
Main,  of  Clearfield  county.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  in  polities,  adherents  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

John  Buenett  was  born  in  Ontario  county.  New  York,  April  18,  1821,  a  son 
of  Frederick  and  Eachel  (Wooden)  Burnett,  the  former  a  son  of  Major  Burnett, 
a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  John  was  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  named 
as  follows:  James,  a  resident  of  Orleans  county.  New  York;  Patrick  and  Lucelia, 
both  deceased;  Abigail,  wife  of  Milo  Bronson,  of  Brockport,  New  York;  John,  of 
Delmar  township;  Albert,  Elizabeth  and  Louisa,  all  deceased,  and  Clinton,  a  farmer 
near  Brockport.  The  father  died  in  1831,  and  the  mother  in  1854.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  came  to  Tioga  county  in  the  winter  of  1859, 
prior  to  which  time  he  had  worked  in  a  foundry.  He  rented  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township,  and  for  the  following  seven  years  continued  to  cultivate  rented  farms  on 
shares.  He  afterwards  kept  a  boarding  house  at  Blossburg  one  year,  and  ran  a  saw- 
mill at  Tiadaghton  the  following  year.  In  May,  1868,  he  purchased  his  present 
farm  of  ninety-three  acres  in  Delmar  township,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
to  its  cultivation.  Mr.  Burnett  was  married  in  January,  1845,  to  Delia  A.  Sears,  a 
daughter  of  Leonard  Sears,  of  Brockport,  New  York,  who  died  May  15,  1893, 
leaving  a  family  of  four  children,  as  follows:  Franklin  A.,  who  lives  at  home; 
George  F.,  a  merchant  and  real  estate  dealer  at  Galeton;  Viola,  wife  of  Edward  D. 
Crippen,  and  Louisa,  wife  of  Jay  Crippen,  both  residing  in  Galeton.  In  politics, 
the  family  support  the  Eepublican  party. 

Haeey  Daniels  Wheelbe  was  born  in  Oxford  township,  Chenango  county. 
New  York,  June  30,  1839,  a  son  of  Harry  D.  and  Lucina  (Eace)  Wheeler,  natives  of 
New  York  and  Massachusetts,  respectively,  and  of  English,  Irish  and  German  an- 
cestry. His  father  was  bom  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  in  1800,  was  a  car- 
penter, and  died  in  his  native  town  in  1850.  His  mother  died  in  June,  1893,  aged 
eighty-six  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  went  to  work  for  a  farmer  in  Coventry, 
Chenango  county,  when  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  remained  with  him  until  he  was 
twenty-one.  In  1860  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  at  Stony 
Fork,  in  Delmar  township,  and  engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1864  he  purchased  thirty- 
five  acres  of  land  in  Delmar,  upon  which  he  settled  in  1866.  He  continued  in  the 
lumber  business  until  1875,  when  he  went  to  Wellsboro  as  a  clerk  in  the  grocery 
store  of  his  brother,  J.  C.  Wheeler  and  C.  L.  Wilcox,  with  whom  he  remained  two 
and  a  half  years.  He  subsequently  traveled  three  years  on  the  road  selling  cigars  and 
tobaceoes  for  Thorn  Brothers,  of  Binghamton,  New  York,  and  afterwards  filled  a 
similar  position  with  George  A.  Kent  &  Company,  of  the  same  city.  Eeturning  to 
his  farm  in  Delmar,  he  was  soon  after  appointed  collector  of  the  township,  and 
served  ten  years,  and  later  served  nine  years  as  constable.  In  the  fall  of  1888  he 
was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  a  county  commissioner,  served  three  years 
in  that  ofiice,  and  has  since  given  his  attention  to  farming.  He  purchased  his 
present  farm  of  120  acres  in  1874.  Mr.  Wheeler  was  married  June  16,  1864,  to 
Euth  E.  Horton,  of  Green  township,  Chenango  county.  New  York,  who  bore  him 
five  children,  viz:  Edward  M.,  Ruth  E.,  Lucina,  Arthur  B  and  Grace  M.  Mrs. 
Wheeler  died  December,  4,  1882,  and  he  was  again  married  September  2,  1885,  to 


760  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Ida  T.  Butler,  of  Delmai  township,  who  is  the  mother  of  one  child.  Bertha.  Mrs. 
Wheeler  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  both  she  and  her 
husband  are  connected  with  the  P.  of  H.     In  politics,  he  is  an  unswerving  Democrat. 

Thomas  Oee  was  bom  in  Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  August  13,  1812,  a  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  (Kenmure)  Orr,  the  former  a  sailor  by  occupation.  Thomas 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  country,  and  there  learned  the 
stonemason's  trade.  In  September,  1851,  he  immigrated  to  Arcade,  Wyoming 
county,  New  York,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  April,  1865,  when  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  township,  upon  which 
his  son  Charles  now  resides.  He  followed  farming  there  until  1888,  when  he  re- 
tired and  bought  his  present  home  at  Stony  Fork,  where  he  and  his  wife  are  passing 
their  declining  years  in  peace  and  comfort.  Mr.  Orr  was  married  January  25,  1842, 
to  Charlotte  McLees,  a  native  of  Scotland.  They  are  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
viz:  Elizabeth  J.,  Sarah,  Charles,  Charlotte,  Agnes,  Mary  A.,  Margaret,  Maria  and 
Isabel.  Mr.  Orr  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  polities, 
he  is  a  Republican.  He  has  served  three  years  as  a  school  director,  and  has  always 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  educational  matters. 

Chakles  Oee  was  born  in  Scotland,  February  11,  1847,  and  is  the  only  son  of 
Thomas  and  Charlotte  Orr.  He  was  in  his  fifth  year  when  the  family  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  he  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Wyoming 
county,  New  York.  He  learned  the  earriagemaker's  trade,  but  after  the  family 
came  to  Tioga  county,  he  worked  upon  the  farm  in  Delmar  township.  In  1870-71, 
he  worked  at  his  trade,  and  in  1875  purchased  his  present  farm  from  his  father, 
and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture.  Mr.  Orr  was  married  December 
15,  1871,  to  Mary  A.  Symonds,  a  daughter  of  Job  W.  Symonds,  of  Delmar  town- 
ship, to  which  union  have  been  bom  six  children,  viz:  Harry  E.,  William  M., 
Charles  T.,  Grace  C,  deceased;  Ella  M.  and  Charlotte  S.  Mr.  Orr  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican.  He  has  served  as  a  school 
director  for  the  past  fifteen  years.  He  makes  dairy  farming  a  specialty,  keeping 
twenty-five  cows,  the  product  from  which  he  sells  to  Stony  Fork  Creamery  Company, 
in  which  he  is  a  stockholder  and  director. 

John-  M.  Gentey,  physician  and  surgeon,  of  Stony  Fork,  was  bom  in  Green 
county,  Virginia,  February  26,  1843,  a  son  of  John  and  Caroline  (Douglass)  Gentry, 
and  of  English  and  Scotch  extracation.  His  father  was  bom  in  Virginia,  in  1812, 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  in  June,  1888.  His  mother,  bom  in  1813,  lives 
with  a  son  on  the  old  homestead  farm  in  Virginia.  John  M.  was  reared  on  the 
homestead,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  county.  He  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1869,  and  in  1872  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township,  upon  which  he  worked  until  1881.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  C.  W.  Webb,  of  Wellsboro,  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  the  spring  of  1884.  He  then  sold  his  farm,  and  commenced  practice  at  Stony 
Fork  in  June,  1884,  which  he  has  successfully  continued  up  to  the  present.  Dr. 
Gentry  was  married  July  13, 1869,  to  Miss  Emma  Herrington,  a  daughter  of  George 
W.  Herrington,  of  Shippen  township,  and  has  two  children,  E.  Blanche  and  George 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  'JQl 


W.     Dr.  Gentry  is  the  only  physician  in  Delmar  township  outside  of  Wellsboro, 
and  enjoys  a  Lucrative  practice. 

Samuel  Navil  was  born  in  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831,  a  son  of 
John  and  Eebeeca  (Kline)  Navil.  His  father  was  born  in  Lycoming  county,  in 
1808,  and  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  wife,  Rehecca  Kline,  he  reared  Eve  chil- 
dren, viz:  Jacob,  of  Lycoming;  George,  of  Wellsboro:  Samuel,  of  Delmar,  Andrew, 
who  lives  in  Lycoming  county,  and  Rebecca,  deceased.  His  second  wife  was 
Elizabeth  Gamell,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Emily,  James,  who  was 
killed  in  the  Civil  war;  Ellen,  Albert,  Robert,  who  was  killed  in  the  war;  Elizabeth, 
John,  Philip,  Harriet  and  Mary.  Samuel  received  a  common  school  education,  and 
when  twenty-one  years  old  began  farming  on  shares,  which  he  continued  up  to 
1872.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  town- 
ship on  which  he  has  since  lived.  In  1851  he  married  Anna  Eliza  Bevier,  of 
Lycoming  county,  and  has  three  children:  Hannah  E.,  wife  of  Daniel  Horton,  of 
Delmar;  Orrin  J.,  and  Lois  A.,  wife  of  Lorenzo  Tomb,  of  Delmar.  Mrs.  Navil 
is  a  member  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  and  both  she  and  Mr.  ITavil  are  con- 
nected with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat. 

Oekin  J.  Navil,  only  son  of  Samuel  Navil,  was  born  in  Cummings  town- 
ship, Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  30,  1854.  He  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  when  twenty-one  years  old  purchased  sixty-one  acres  of  tim- 
ber land,  in  partnership  with  E.  J.  Playfoot,  from  which  they  sold  the  bark.  He 
then  rented  a  farm  in  Delmar,  which  he  cultivated  three  years,  and  later  carried  on 
a  grocery  store  at  Kennedy  five  years.  He  afterwards  conducted  a  restaurant  at 
Westfield  one  year,  then  returned  to  Kennedy,  where  he  resumed  the  grocery  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  continued  three  years.  In  1890  he  purchased  his  present  farm 
of  eighty  acres,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  On  November  3, 
1876,  he  married  Marian  Grosjean,  a  daughter  of  Edward  Grosjean,  of  Delmar. 
Mr.  Navil  was  postmaster  at  Kennedy  from  1881  to  1892.  He  is  a  memher  of  the 
I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  of  G.  E.,  and  the  P.  of  H. 

RoBEHT  B.  WiLSO^r  was  born  in  Harford  county,  Maryland,  September  7,  1817, 
a  son  of  William  K.  and  Sarah  (Miller)  Wilson.  When  eight  years  old  he  began  a 
seafaring  life  as  cabin  boy,  and  finally  rose  to  the  captaincy  of  a  sailing  vessel  on 
Chesapeake  bay.  In  1839  he  gave  up  that  occupation  and  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  on  Little  Pine  creek,  continuing  that 
business  for  eighteen  years.  He  afterwards  acted  as  a  pilot  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  river  up  to  1881,  when  he  engaged  iq  farming  in  Delmar  township. 
He  had  previously  purchased  the  Dr.  Archer  farm  in  Morris  township  in  1859,  but 
sold  it  in  1885  and  bought  his  present  farm  in  Delmar.  Mr.  Wilson  married  Jane 
McMasters,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  William  Me.,  of  Delmar;  Kenly,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  forty-three  years;  Anna,  wife  of  John  Black,  of  Liberty  town- 
ship; Mary  Etta,  wife  of  William  Blackwell,  of  Morris  township;  Robert  L.,  of 
Delmar,  and  Frank,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Wilson  died  in  1852,  and  he  was 
again  married,  to  Mary  Kriner,  to  which  imion  were  bom  seven  children,  viz:  Sarah 
J.,  wife  of  Thomas  Blackwell,  of  Morris;  Frank  and  Ida,  both  of  whom  died  in 
childhood;  Libbie,  wife  of  B.  C.  Fish,  of  Morris;  Ulysses  G.,  of  Delmar;  Samuel 
D.,  of  Delmar,  and  Mina,  wife  of  Samuel  Campbell,  of  the  same  township.     Mr. 


762  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Wilson  now  resides  with  his  son,  Eobert  L.,  in  Delmar  township.     His  wife  died  in 
May,  1896,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

KoBEKT  L.  Wilson  was  born  in  Morris  township,  Tioga  county,  August  IT, 
1850,  and  is  the  youngest  living  child  of  Eobert  B.  and  Jane  (McMasters)  Wilson. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  on  obtain- 
ing his  majority  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  four  years  in  Tioga  county.  He 
then  located  on  his  present  farm,  which  he  had  purchased  in  1873,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  farming.  He  owns  twenty  acres  in  Delmar,  and  fifty  in  Shippen 
township,  and  has  cleared  and  improved  most  of  his  present  property.  Mr.  Wilson 
was  married  June  1, 1875,  to  Frances  Sturmer,  a  daughter  of  Ferdinand  T.  Sturmer, 
and  has  one  daughter,  Edith  M.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

George  W.  West  was  bom  in  Southport,  New  York,  December  13,  1818,  a  son 
of  Jonathan  West,  a  Baptist  minister.  Before  reaching  manhood  he  came  to  Penn- 
sylvania, locating  in  Troy,  Bradford  county,  where  he  lived  until  twenty-six  years 
of  age.  He  then  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  and  followed  the  shoemaker's 
trade,  but  was  soon  afterwards  elected  constable  and  made  a  faithful  and  fearless 
ofiicer.  He  also  served  as  deputy  sheriff  and  was  instrumental  in  breaking  up  the 
band  of  horse  thieves  and  counterfeiters  on  Pine  creek,  and  arrested  the  noted 
counterfeiter,  Winslow.  He  removed  to  Michigan  and  remained  there  a  year  and 
a  half,  and  then  returned  to  Wellsboro.  On  February  4,  1846,  he  married  Abigail 
Eitter,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Lydia  Eitter.  To  this  union  were  bom  ten  chil- 
dren, viz:  Henry  Dallas,  a  resident  of  Nebraska;  Georgiana,  deceased;  Mary,  wife 
of  Orr  Kennedy,  of  Wellsboro;  George,  who  lives  in  Seattle,  Washington;  Clinton, 
a  resident  of  Delmar  township;  Alice,  wife  of  Warren  Call  en,  of  Michigan;  Wilbur 
F.,  a  resident  of  Delmar;  Hannah,  wife  of  M.  Ogden,  of  Cedar  Eun;  Adney,  a  resi- 
dent of  Idaho,  and  Allen,  deceased.  Mr.  West  followed  farming  for  a  number  of 
years  and  also  kept  a  hotel  at  Stony  J'ork.  In  1879  he  removed  to  Nebraska,  re- 
mained there  until  1888,  and  then  returned  to  Tioga  county,  locating  in  Charleston 
township,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  May  9,  1896. 

Clinton  West  was  born  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  April  7,  1857,  a 
son  of  George  W.  West.  When  fourteen  years  of  age  he  began  making  his  own 
living,  working  as  a  farm  hand  and  in  the  lumber  woods  of  his  native  county  for 
several  years.  He  then  went  to  Bradford  county,  where  he  worked  upon  a  farm 
two  years.  Eeturning  to  Tioga  for  a  short  period,  he  afterwards  went  to  Nebraska, 
but  came  back  a  year  later  and  continued  working  on  a  farm  and  in  the  lumber 
woods.  He  finally  rented  a  farm,  and  in  the  spring  of  1887  bought  forty  acres  of 
his  present  homestead,  to  which  he  added  fifty-one  acres  more  in  the  fall  of  1888, 
on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  West  was  married  June  39,  1884,  to  Eloise 
Bartle,  a  daughter  of  J.  C.  Bartle,  of  Delmar,  who  has  borne  him  four  children, 
viz:  J.  Frederick,  Lottie,  Harvey  D.,  deceased,  and  Harold  J.  Mr.  West  is  a  member 
of  the  Grange,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  G.  E.     In  politics,  he  is  an  independent  voter. 

WiLBUE  F.  West  was  born  in  Wellsboro,  May  3,  1860,  a  son  of  the  late  George 
W.  West,  of  Charleston  township.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  began  working 
out  as  a  farm  hand,  which  business  he  followed  several  years,  and  subsequently 
bought  sixty  acres  of  land  in  Delmar  township.     He  sold  this  farm  later  and  pur- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  763 


chased  his  present  farm  of  ninety  acres,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  Mr.  West 
was  married  May  11, 1881,  to  Nellie  E.  Bartle,  a  daughter  of  J.  C.  Bartle,  of  Delmar, 
to  which  union  have  been  horn  five  children,  viz:  Flora  E.,  Nellie  M.,  Eunice, 
Wilbur  T.,  and  Allen  J.  Mr.  AVest  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Grange,  and  ad- 
herents of  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  connected  with  the  K.  of  G.  E.,  and  in  polities, 
be  is  a  Democrat. 

MiNEE  Benjamin  was  born  in  1814,  in  St.  Lawrence  county.  New  York,  and 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1843.  Here  he  married  Sarah  Wilson,  of 
Liberty,  Tioga  county,  in  1845.  He  followed  lumbering  as  an  occupation  until 
1868,  when  he  was  accidentally  killed  by  being  stinick  by  a  log.  To  Miner  and 
Sarah  Benjamin  were  born  six  children,  viz:  Frances,  wife  of  the  late  Eobert 
Quimby,  of  Lycoming  county;  William  Q.,  who  married  Margaret  Eoland,  of  Wells- 
boro;  Clara,  wife  of  George  Greene,  of  Wellsboro;  Janette,  wife  of  Charles  Steele, 
of  Delmar;  Charles  W.,  who  died  when  he  was  fourteen  months  old,  and  Elmer  E. 
The  family  is  connected  with  the  Baptist  church. 

Elmee  E.  Benjamin  was  bom.  in  1863,  in  Tioga  county.  His  father  was 
killed  when  our  subject  was  five  years  old,  and  since  then  he  has  lived  with  his  mother 
on  the  homestead  farm  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1893 
Mr.  Benjamin  was  elected  clerk  and  treasurer  of  Delmaj  township  and  served  three 
years.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican.  Mr.  Benjamin  was  married  June  22,  1893, 
to  Nellie  Wheeler,  of  Wellsboro,  a  daughter  of  the  late  J.  C.  Wheeler. 

Daeius  C.  Andesws  was  born  near  Burlington,  Rutland  county,  Vermont, 
April  4,  1812.  When  he  was  about  eighteen  months  old  his  parents  started  for 
Tioga  county.  New  York,  but  before  the  journey  was  completed  his  mother  died, 
and  he  was  given  to  an  aimt,  Mrs.  Thomas  Caidkins,  an  early  settler  of  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood  and  married 
Jane  Coombs,  who  was  born  in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  October  10,  1815.  She 
became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Deborah  D.,  widow  of  William 
Brockway,  of  Port  Huron,  Michigan;  Anna,  wife  of  Albert  Brown,  of  Roaring 
Branch,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania;  Thomas,  a  resident  of  Mason  City,  Iowa; 
Catherine,  wife  of  Alexander  Miller,  of  North  Yakima,  Washington;  Harriet,  wife 
of  a  Mr.  Brown,  of  Salem,  Oregon,  and  two  that  died  in  infancy.  About  1837  Mr. 
Andrews  removed  to  Sullivan  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  lived  five  or  six  years 
and  then  returaied  to  this  county,  locating  in  Chatham  township.  Here  he  re- 
mained about  ten  years,  when  he  went  to  Steuben  county.  New  York,  but  soon 
returned  to  Tioga  county.  About  1879  he  settled  on  a  farm  on  Marsh  creek,  in 
Delmar  township,  where  he  died  September  3,  1893.  Mrs.  Andrews  is  living  with 
her  daughter,  Mrs.  Harriet  Brown,  in  Salem,  Oregon,  at  the  ripe  age  of  nearly 
eighty-two  years.  In  1857  an  estrangement  arose  between  Mr.  Andrews  and  his 
wife,  which  resulted  in  a  legal  separation.  In  1861  he  married  a  Mrs.  Potter,  of 
Troupsburg,  New  York,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Flora,  wife  of  Walter 
French,  of  Mills,  Potter  county,  and  Abram  D.,  of  Marsh  Creek. 

Feancis  M.  Andeews,  eldest  child  of  Darius  C.  and  Jane  (Coombs)  Andrews, 
was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  October  8,  1835.  After  receiving 
a  common  school  education,  he  learned  the  millwright's  trade,  at  which  he  worked 
in  Middlebury  and  Elk  townships.     In  the  winter  of  1854  he  went  to  Canada  and 


764  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

a  year  later  to  Wisconsin.  He  remained  in  the  latter  twenty-three  j'ears  and  became 
a  prominent  lumberman  and  mill  operator,  owning  and  operating  mills  at  Merrill, 
Lincoln  county,  Wisconsin.  About  1877  he  removed  to  Cerro  Gordo  county,  Towa, 
where  he  followed  agriculture  until  1881  and  then  returned  to  Tioga  county  and 
took  charge  of  his  father's  farm.  To  this  he  has  since  added  until  he  now  owns 
385  acres.  Mr.  Andrews  was  married  September  10,  1868,  to  Theresa  J.  Beeman, 
a  daughter  of  Stephen  Van  Eensselaer  and  Lorena  Beeman,  of  Middlebury  town- 
ship. She  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Frank  M.,  Lulu,  deceased;  Fred  B.,  and 
Eaymond.  Mrs.  Andrews  died  February  22,  1879,  and  September  15,  1880,  he 
married  Ella  Chamberlain,  a  daughter  of  Joel  and  Ellen  (Wait)  Chamberlain.  Mr. 
Andrews  is  a  Republican,  and  served  as  county  supervisor  of  Lincoln  county, 
Wisconsin,  seven  years,  and  also  as  a  school  director,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of 
assessor  and  auditor  of  Delmar  township.  He  is  a  member  of  both  lodge  and  chap- 
ter in  the  Masonic  order,  and  also  of  the  Grange.  Mr.  Andrews  and  wife  are  ad- 
herents of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

James  Hoddeh,  a  native  of  South  Wales,  born  May  30, 1841,  is  a  son  of  Simeon 
and  Anna  (Watkins)  Hodder,  natives  of  the  same  country.  His  parents  reared  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  seven  of  whom  came  to  the  United  States.  James  was 
the  eldest,  and  worked  with  his  father  in  the  coal  mines  of  his  native  land  until 
1869,  when  he  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  found  employment  in  the  mines 
at  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county,  where  he  worked  until  1873.  He  then  went  to  An- 
trim, and  continued  at  the  same  business  for  ten  years.  In  the  meantime  he  had 
purchased  fifty  acres  of  land  at  Hoytville,  in  1874,  which  he  sold  in  1880  to  the 
Hoytville  Tannery  Company,  upon  which  the  tannery  works  were  subsequently 
erected.  He  then  bought  his  present  farm  of  eighty-six  acres  in  Delmar  township, 
upon  which  he  located  in  1881,  since  which  year  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to 
agriculture.  Mr.  Hodder  was  married  December  24,  1861,  in  South  Wales,  to  Mar- 
garet Davis,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Margaret  A.,  wife  of 
Elmer  Emmick,  of  Morris;  Florence,  Benjamin  Sidney,  Simon  James,  Libbie, 
deceased;  Elizabeth,  Lillie,  Katie,  Emma,  Mary  and  William  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hodder  are  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Delmar.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Ee- 
publican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies. 

Geoege  p.  Eaish,  farmer  and  lumberman,  was  born  in  Lackawanna  county, 
Pennsylvania,  October  22, 1859,  a  son  of  Godfrey  and  Jane  (Olewine)  Eaish,  natives 
of  Lackawanna  and  Monroe  counties,  respectively.  His  father  was  a  lumberman, 
and  died  in  1874,  aged  forty-three.  His  mother  died  in  1865,  aged  twenty-five  years. 
They  were  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  George  F.,  Charles  A.,  a  resident  of 
Colorado;  William,  deceased,  and  Samuel,  who  resides  in  Snyder  county.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Tioga  county  in  September,  1879,  and  found  employ- 
ment in  the  Leetonia  tannery  for  eight  years.  While  there  he  bought  thirty  acres  of 
land  in  Delmar  township,  upon  which  he  settled  after  lea,ving  the  tannery.  He  fol- 
lowed teaming  four  years,  and  then  took  a  large  bark  and  lumber  contract,  and  in 
the  next  three  years  got  out  3,700  cords  of  bark,  and  7,400,000  feet  of  lumber. 
He  later  took  a  large  contract  to  supply  a  Penn  Yan,  New  York,  firm 
with  bark  and  lumber,  which  proved  a  successful  venture.  He  recently  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  120  acres  immediately  west  of  Draper,  and  devotes  his  atten- 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  765 


tion  to  farming  and  lumbering.  On  July  4,  1879,  Mr.  Kaish  married  Amelia 
George,  a  daughter  of  Levi  George,  of  Luzerne  county.  They  are  the  parents  of 
the  following  children,  viz:  Charles,  Edgar,  Walter,  Ivan  C,  Leonard,  Freeman, 
Lee  G.,  Violet  A.,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Eaish  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  also 
connected  with  the  P.  of  H.,  the  K.  of  G.  E.,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  in 
all  of  which  he  takes  a  deep  interest. 

John  Lageebom  was  born  in  Sweden,  March  1,  1839,  a  son  of  Carl  Lagerbom. 
He  worked  as  a  farm  hand  and  in  the  construction  of  railroads  in  his  native  land 
until  1871,  when  he  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  worked  one  year  on  the  Fall 
Brook  raifroad.  He  then  found  employment  at  the  Mansiield  furnace,  where  he 
remained  one  year,  and  for  the  following  eight  years  worked  in  the  mines  at  Morris 
Eun  and  Antrim.  In  1881  he  purchased  ninety-four  acres  of  timber  land  in  Dun- 
can township,  which  he  cleared  up  and  improved.  He  resided  upon  it  until  the 
spring  of  1893,  when  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  156  acres  in  Delmar  township, 
on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Lagerbom  married  Caroline  Oleson,  and  has 
four  children,  viz:  Mary  H.,  who  lives  in  Chicago;  Jennie,  wife  of  Lloyd  Henry, 
of  Delmar;  Charles,  and  Eva,  both  of  whom  live  with  their  parents.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  in  polities,  Mr.  Lagerbom,  is  a  Republi- 
can.    He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

CHAELESTON   TOWNSHIP. 

Petee  Shumwat,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Tioga  county.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Revolution,  in  which  he  served  nearly  seven 
years,  and  received  a  discharge  signed  by  George  Washington  which  is  now  in  pos- 
session of  his  great-grandson,  Peter  E.  Shumway,  of  Wellsboro.  He  located  south 
of  Mansfield  about  1805,  and  a  year  later  removed  to  Charleston  township,  settling 
on  the  place  since  known  as  the  Shumway  homestead,  near  the  line  of  Delmar. 
Here  Mr.  Shumway  and  wife,  Dolly  (Nichols)  Shiimway,  passed  the  remaining 
years  of  their  lives.  Both  died  in  the  early  thirties.  They  reared  a  family  of  six 
children,  named  as  follows:  Lydia,  who  married  Joseph  Wilson;  Clarissa,  who  mar- 
ried Samiiel  Palmer;  Jerusha,  who  married  William  Palmer;  Zilpha,  who  married 
Luther  Johnson;  Lucretia,  who  married  Alden  Thompson,  and  Sleeman,  all  of 
whom  are  dead. 

Sleeman  Shtjmway,  only  son  of  Peter  Shumway,  was  bom  in  Massachusetts, 
April  10,  1797,  and  was  eight  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  coiinty. 
His  subsequent  life  was  spent  on  the  old  homestead  on  Shumway  Hill,  in  Charles- 
ton. He  married  Desdemona  Whitmore,  of  that  township,  and  reared  the  follow- 
ing children:  Joseph,  deceased;  Peter,  a  resident  of  Wisconsin;  Luther,  of  Charles- 
ton to-vvnship;  William  P.,  also  a  resident  of  Charleston,  and  Hiram,  who  lives  in 
Wisconsin.  Mr.  Shumway  died  on  his  farm  May  3,  1864,  and  his  wife  April  11, 
1882,  aged  eighty-eight  years  and  five  months. 

William  P.  Shumway  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  April 
9, 1833,  a  son  of  Sleeman  and  grandson  of  Peter  Shumway.  He  received  a  common 
school  education;  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  has  made  agriculture  his 
life  vocation,  being  to-day  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  his  township.     On  April 


766  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

15,  1847,  he  married  Maiy  Bacon,  a  daughter  of  Elmer  and  Mary  Bacon,  early  set- 
tlers of  Charleston.  She  was  born  November  3,  1828,  and  became  the  mother  of 
seven  children,  viz:  Ellen,  wife  of  Elbert  Johnson,  of  Coming;  George,  Arthur 
and  Peter  E.,  all  residents  of  Wellsboro;  Mary,  who  died  April  33,  1877;  Clarence 
and  Clara,  twins,  the  former  a  resident  of  Coming  and  the  latter  of  Wellsboro. 
Mrs.  Shumway  died  September  12,  1877.  Februarj'  32,  1882,  Mr.  Shumway  mar- 
ried Lucretia  Austin,  a  daughter  of  Nelson  and  Lydia  Austin,  of  Charleston.  Po- 
litically, he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  treasurer  and  supervisor  in  his  town- 
ship. 

Joseph  Thompson  was  bom  in  Stonington,  Connecticut,  January  5,  1757,  and 
was  the  youngest  son  of  a  family  of  eighteen  children,  consisting  of  twelve  sons 
and  six  daughters.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  State  and  served  in  the 
Eevolutionary  War.  He  later  removed  to  Otsego  county,  New  York,  where  he 
married  Catherine  Coates,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Joseph,  Alanson, 
Lucretia,  who  married  James  Kimball,  an  early  hotel-keeper  of  Wellsboro;  Cynthia, 
Lorinda,  who  became  the  wife  of  Col.  Hiram  Freeborn,  for  many  years  a  prominent 
business  man  of  Knoxville,  and  Alden,  who  settled  in  Charleston  township.  Mr. 
Thompson  came  to  Tioga  county  before  1820  and  made  his  home  with  his  children, 
some  of  whom  had  preceded  him,  settling  on  Shumway  Hill,  in  Charleston  town- 
ship. He  died  November  23, 1842,  aged  eighty-five  years,  ten  months  and  eighteen 
days,  and  was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Wellsboro. 

Alden  Thompson,  youngest  son  of  Joseph  Thompson,  was  bom  in  Otsego 
county,  New  York,  December  18,  1794.  When  about  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
came  to  Tioga  county,  but  did  not  locate  permanently  until  after  his  majority, 
when  he  bought  eighty-seven  acres  of  land  on  Shum.way  Hill,  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, containing  a  small  clearing.  This  tra^t  he  afterwards  added  to  until  he  was 
the  owner  of  200  acres.  He  passed  through  the  experiences  of  pioneer  life,  and  by 
rigid  industry  became  a  prosperous  farmer.  Mr.  Thompson  was  married  about 
1820,  to  Lucretia  Shumway,  a  daughter  of  Peter  Shumway,  a  Revolutionary  soldier 
and  the  first  settler  on  Sh  vim  way  Hill.  Two  children  were  bom  to  them,  viz: 
Charles  K.,  for  many  years  a  well-known  physician  of  Wellsboro,  and  Darwin,  now 
a  resident  of  the  same  place.  Mr.  Thompson  died  March  7,  1872,  and  his  wife 
May  5,  1872. 

Darwin  Thompson,  youngest  son  of  Alden  Thompson,  and  grandson  of  Joseph 
Thompson,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in  Charleston  township,  August  28,. 
1839.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Wellsboro  Academy,  and 
made  farming  his  life  vocation.  He  resided  in  Charleston  township  until  1888, 
when  he  removed  to  Michigan,  remaining  there  one  year.  Eetuming  to  Tioga, 
county,  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  still  resides,  but  continues  to  carry  on  his 
farm  of  200  acres  in  Charleston.  Mr.  Thompson  was  married  December  6,  1864, 
to  Adeline  Warner,  a  daughter  of  Bostwick  and  Priscilla  Warner,  of  Chenango- 
county,  New  York.  She  died  April  6,  1865.  On  January  21,  1874,  he  married 
Mrs.  Ellen  Kriner,  widow  of  Darius  Kriner,  of  Delmar,  who  has  borne  him  two 
children,  viz:  Lucretia  E.  and  Viola  F.  In  politics,  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  Republi- 
can, has  filled  the  office  of  school  director,  and  was  for  eight  years  clerk  of  Charles- 
ton township. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  767 


James  Gillis  Daett  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  6,  1833,  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Gillis)  Dartt,  pioneers  of  that 
township.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  has  devoted  his  entire  life 
to  agricultural  pursuits.  On  March  23,  1843,  he  married  Emily  Tipple,  of  Verona, 
Oneida  county.  New  York,  who  became  the  mother  of  ten  children,  as  follows: 
Ella,  wife  of  David  Dockstetter,  of  Charleston  township;  David,  deceased;  Clarinda, 
deceased  wife  of  James  K.  Austin;  Robert,  a  physician  of  Belief onte,  recently 
deceased;  Ondlle,  a  farmer  of  Charleston;  Alice,  wife  of  Edwin  Winters,  of  the 
same  township;  Fannie,  wife  of  James  K.  Austin,  Charleston;  Emily,  wife  of  Vine 
Losey,  of  Charleston;  Effie,  wife  of  Edward  Eleitz,  also  of  Charleston,  and  Sadie, 
who  lives  at  home.  Mrs.  Dartt  died  August  35,  1893.  In  politics,  Mr.  Dartt  is  a 
Eepublican;  has  been  a  school  director  for  several  terms,  and  was  appointed  post- 
master at  Charleston  under  President  Lincoln's  administration,  which  office  he 
filled  continuously  up  to  1894,  receiving  in  his  final  settlement  with  the  United 
States  government  a  check  for  two  cents,  being  the  amount-  due  him  to  balance  his 
account.  This  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  smallest  checks  ever  drawn  in  the 
United  States. 

Caleb  Austin,  a  native  of  New  England,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  locating  on  the  land  now  occupied  by  the  poor 
farm,  about  the  beginning  of  the  present  century.  He  m.arried  Clarissa  Peterson, 
who  bore  him  nine  children,  named  as  follows:  Caroline,  deceased  wife  of  James 
Kimball,  of  Wellsboro;  Adeline,  deceased  wife  of  Rudolph  Christenot;  Emily,  who 
married  Luman  Fenton,  of  Cherry  Flats;  Charles,  a  farmer  in  Charleston  township; 
Nelson,  deceased;  Angeline,  deceased  wife  of  Col.  Alanson  E.  Niles;  Nathan,  de- 
ceased; Ruth,  wife  of  John  Doumaux,  and  Benjamin,  deceased.  Mr.  Austin  and 
wife  spent  their  declining  years  in  Charleston  township,  and  died  upon  the  old 
homestead. 

Chaeles  Austin  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  August  15, 
18].5,  a  son  of  Caleb  Austin.  He  attended  the  subscription  schools  of  pioneer  days, 
and  worked  on  the  homestead  farm  for  his  parents  until  he  reached  the  age  of 
twenty-eight  years.  He  then  bought  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  on  a  part 
of  which  he  now  resides,  and  has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  agriculture.  He 
married  Sarah  Losinger,  of  Wellsboro,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Dwight, 
deceased;  Hiram  J.,  S.  C.  and  C.  N.,  all  of  whom  are  farmers  in  Charleston  town- 
ship; Clarissa,  wife  of  Joshua  Atherton;  Mary  Josephine,  wife  of  George  Wilkinson,, 
and  Sarah  Angeline,  deceased.  Mrs.  Austin  died  upon  the  homestead  farm,  where 
her  husband  now  resides. 

C.  N.  Austin,  youngest  son  of  Charles  Austin,  and  grandson  of  Caleb  Austin, 
was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  December  33,  1855.  He  attended 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  township,  and  assisted  his  parents  on  the  farm  until 
twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  he  began  life  for  himself.  In  1881  he  bought  his 
present  place  of  seventy-five  acres,  where  he  has  since  continued  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. November  31,  1879,  Mr.  Austin  married  Rosella  Wilkinson,  a  daughter  of 
William  Wilkinson,  of  Charleston  township,  and  has  two  children,  Blaine  Dwight 
and  Mary  A.  In  polities,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  filled  several  local  offices,  and  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 


768  HISTOKT   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


NoBMAN  Rockwell,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was  an  early  settler  of  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania.  He  located  at  Cherry  Flats,  where  he  operated  a  general  store,  and 
was  made  postmaster  at  that  point  when  the  office  was  established,  which  position 
he  filled  for  twenty-five  years.  He  died  at  his  home  in  1883,  leaving  three  children, 
viz:  Levi  E.,  a  farmer  of  Sullivan  township;  Silas  S.,  of  Charleston,  and  Amy  E., 
wife  of  Jerome  B.  Potter,  of  Washing-ton,  D.  C. 

Silas  S.  Eockwell  was  born  at  Cherry  Flats,  Tioga  county,  and  is  a  son  of 
Norman  Rockwell.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the 
common  schools.  In  early  manhood  he  engaged  in  stock  dealing  for  several  years, 
was  later  deputy  sheriff  under  Jerome  B.  Potter,  and  has  since  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  farming  in  Charleston  township.  He  married  Alice  Harkness,  a  native  of 
New  York  state,  to  which  union  have  been  born  the  following  children:  May  R., 
wife  of  F.  A.  Halstead,  of  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey;  Frank  H.,  a  lawyer  of  "Wellsboro; 
Rose  S.,  wife  of  S.  F.  Mclnroy,  of  Middlebury,  Tioga  county,  and  Minnie  A.,  who 
lives  at  home. 

Albert  F.  Packard,  merchant.  Cherry  Plats,  was  born  July  31, 1839,  in  Sulli- 
van township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  a  son  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Rose) 
Packard,  the  former  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  latter  of  Connecticut.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Mainesburg,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  com- 
menced teaching.  At  the  end  of  one  year  he  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  remained 
two  years,  then  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  engaged  in  farming  near  Mainesburg. 
On  August  2,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  pai-ticipated  in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  and  several  other  minor  engagements,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  at  Chambersburg  Hospital,  July  3,  1865. 
Returning  to  Tioga  county,  he  engaged  in  various  occupations  up  to  1892,  when 
he  opened  a  general  store  at  Cherry  Flats,  in  Charleston  township,  where  he  has 
since  carried  on  a  prosperous  business.  Mr.  Packard  was  married  April  15,  1861, 
to  Miss  Mary  R.  Hubbell,  of  Monroeville,  Huron  county,  Ohio,  to  which  union  have 
been  bom  six  children,  viz:  Mattie,  wife  of  George  Hall,  of  Shippen  township; 
Francis,  of  Delmar;  Herbert  A.,  of  Elmira,  New  York;  Cora,  wife  of  John  C. 
Secor,  postmaster  at  Cherry  Flats;  Anna  R.,  and  Clara  M.  In  politics,  Mr.  Packard 
is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  township  clerk  and  school  director, 
also  county  auditor  one  term.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  in  all  of  which  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

James  H.  Smith  was  bom  in  Delaware  county,  New  York,  April  15,  1801,  a 
son  of  Peter  and  Abigail  (Cleveland)  Smith.  Peter  Smith  was  born  December  25, 
1743,  and  died  January  15, 1843.  He  was  the  father  of  seventeen  children,  several 
of  whom  were  soldiers  in  the  War  of  1813.  James  H.  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  cloth  dresser.  In  1827 
he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  after  a  short  stay  on  Pine  creek,  located 
in  Charleston  township,  but  followed  his  trade  in  Wellsboro  and  Mansfield  for 
years.  He  married  Sallie  Button,  a  native  of  Otsego  county.  New  York,  who  bore 
him  five  children,  viz:  James  E.,  deceased;  John  E.,  and  Jason  E.,  both  farmers 
of  Charleston  township;  Jane  E.,  deceased,  and  Nancy  L.     Mr.  Smith  died  June  9, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  769 


1878,  and  his  wife,  January  31,  1877.  They  were  members  of  the  Free  Will  Bap- 
tist church,  and  in  politics  he  was  a  Eepublican. 

Jason  E.  Smith  was  born  in  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  July  3,  1831,  a  son  of 
James  H.  and  Sallie  Smith.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  has 
followed  farming  since  early  manhood,  now  residing  on  a  farm  of  335  acres  in 
Charleston  township,  a  part  of  which  was  purchased  by  his  father.  Mr.  Smith  was 
married  October  18,  1858,  to  Mary  A.  Wilbur,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Anna 
(Havens)  Wilbur,  and  a  native  of  Hector  township.  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania. 
They  have  two  children  living,  Jennie  A.,  and  G-eorge  C,  a  farmer  of  Charleston. 
Their  oldest  child,  Charles  H.,  bom  November  29,  1859,  died  May  10,  1864.  In 
politics,  a  Eepublican,  Mr.  Smith  has  filled  the  office  of  township  treasurer  two 
terms.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry^  and  is  one  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial farmers  in  his  section  of  the  county. 

EoBEET  H.  Pbatt  was  born  in  Ninevah,  Broome  county,  New  York,  September 
14,  1791,  and  was  there  reared  and  educated.  He  came  with  his  family  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  February,  1833,  and  located  on  Marsh  creek,  in  Shippen 
township,  removing  three  years  later  to  the  vicinity  of  Whitneyville,  Charleston 
township.  He  made  farming  his  principal  occupation,  but  was  also  a  pilot  on  the 
Susquehanna  river.  He  married  Elmina  Stowell,  bom  in  Broome  county.  New 
York,  March  10,  1802,  to  which  union  were  born  the  following  children:  Eiley  E., 
a  resident  of  Iowa;  Edwin,  of  Mansfield;  Luman,  deceased;  Lura,  deceased  wife  of 
John  Jennings;  Mary  Ann,  deceased  wife  of  George  Parker;  Jerusha,  deceased 
wife  of  Mr.  Abrams;  Lewis,  a  resident  of  Binghamton,  New  York;  Sallie,  deceased 
wife  of  Edgar  'Grinnell;  Sarah,  deceased  wife  of  Maxwell  Conable;  Jane,  wife  of 
Andrew  J.  Patchen,  of  Lawrence  township;  Emily,  deceased  wife  of  Albert  Avery; 
Olive  A.,  deceased  wife  of  Albert  Dartt,  and  Eobert  Vine,  a  resident  of  Jefferson 
county.  After  residing  near  Whitneyville  five  years,  Mr.  Pratt  removed  into  Eieh- 
mond  township,  where  he  and  wife  spent  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives.  She 
died  on  February  13, 1860,  and  her  husband,  July  33,  1884,  in  his  ninety-third  year. 

Edwin  Peatt,  second  son  of  Eobert  H.  Pratt,  was  born  in  Ninevah,  New  York, 
August  13,  1839,  and  was  four  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county. 
Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  attended  the  common  schools  during  his  boyhood 
days.  He  was  married  November  20, 1851,  to  Martha  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Eunice  (Douglass)  Wilcox,  of  East  Charleston,  to  which  union  have  been  bom 
six  children,  viz:  Carrie,  widow  of  A.  A.  Perry;  Emma  A.,  wife  of  Otis  Eice;  Helen 
Maria,  wife  of  Clark  Kingsley;  Arthur  S.,  Fred.  H.  and  Frank  L.  Mr.  Pratt 
followed  farming  in  Charleston  township  until  1860,  when  he  removed  to  Eich- 
mond  township,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  polities,  a  stanch  Eepublican,  he 
voted  for  John  C.  Fremont  in  1856,  and  has  since  given  his  support  to  every  presi- 
dential candidate  of  his  party. 

Ahthue  S.  Peatt,  son  of  Edwin  Pratt,  and  grandson  of  Eobert  H.  Pratt, 
was  bom  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  May  33,  1860.  He  was  reared 
upon  the  homestead,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the 
State  Normal,  in  Mansfield.  He  remained  at  home  until  his  majority,  and  then 
went  to  Morris,  where  he  was  engaged  in  lumbering  three  years.  Eetuming  to 
Eichmond,  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  two  years,  and  in  1885  purchased  his  present 

49 


770  HISTOBT   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

farm  of  eighty-six  acres    in  Charleston  township.      Mr.  Pratt  was  married  May 

19,  1886,  to  Miss  Clara  Mckson,  of  Charleston.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry,  and  in  politics,  a  Kepublican. 

Denison  a.  Lockwood  was  born  in  Greenwich,  Fairfield  county,  Connecticut, 
February  8, 1811,  a  son  of  Denison  and  Sally  (King)  Lockwood,  the  former  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  and  the  latter  of  Ehode  Island.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  town, 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  went  to  K'ew  York  City,  where  he  clerked  in  a  store  one 
year.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  the  North  Kiyer  Steamboat  Company,  as  engi- 
neer on  the  steamers  Constitution,  Ohio  and  Swallow,  plying  the  Hudson  river, 
which  business  he  followed  nine  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  he  went  to  Buffalo 
and  put  in  the  propelling  machinery  for  the  Wisconsin,  a  lake  boat,  and  continued 
on  her  as  engineer  from  1838  to  1843,  when  he  returned  to  New  York  and  entered 
the  employ  of  the  West  Point  Foundry  Company  as  mechanical  engineer.  He  filled 
this  position  five  years,  going  to  Detroit  in  1847  with  the  Fashion  engine 
from  New  York  to  superintend  the  construction  of  the  machinery  for  the  Fashion, 
then  being  built  at  Detroit.  He  next  became  engineer  of  the  Sultana,  plying 
between  Buffalo  and  Chicago.  In  1849  he  went  to  California,  via  Cape  Horn,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  mining  and  in  constructing  mining  machinery  and  putting  up 
quicksilver  machines  for  two  years.  He  later  accepted  a  position  as  engineer  on 
the  Panama,  but  when  he  reached  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  he  resigned,  and  crossed 
the  Isthmus  on  a  mule  to  the  mouth  of  Chagres  river,  whence  he  proceeded  to  New 
York,  as  assistant  engineer  of  the  Georgia.  He  was  subsequently  engineer  on  the 
following  boats,  all  plying  between  New  York  and  South  America:  Northern  Light, 
Star  of  the  West,  Eldorado,  and  Empire  City,  and  also  on  the  Oregon,  a  river  boat. 
In  December,  1861,  he  enlisted  at  the  Kittery  Navy  Yard,  Maine,  in  the  United 
States  navy,  as  first  assistant  engineer  on  the  United  States  man-of-war,  Sacra- 
mento, which  proceeded  to  Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  as  a  part  of  the  blockade 
fleet.  Later  he  was  sent  on  board  the  ironclad  Sagus,  operating  on  the  James 
river.  Having  received  a  serious  injury,  from  which  he  has  never  fully  recovered, 
he  was  found  un£t  for  duty  and  sent  to  Portsmouth  Hospital,  which  closed  his 
career  in  the  navy.  In  the  meantime  Mr.  Lockwood  had  purchased  a  farm  in 
Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  embracing  100  acres,  in  1837,  and  lived  upon 
it  when  not  engaged  on  duty.  On  October  20,  1837,  he  married  Margaret  Berard, 
of  New  York  City,  who  became  the  mother  of  one  daughter,  Amelia  Gertrude, 
widow  of  Darius  W.  Smith,  of  Charleston  township.     Mrs.  Lockwood  died  March 

20,  1885.     In  politics,  Mr.  Lockwood  is  a  Eepublican. 

Dan  p.  Webstee  was  born  in  Connecticut,  September  12,  1812,  and  was  there 
reared  and  educated.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  in  his  native  State,  and  sub- 
sequently came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  Charleston  township.  He  pur- 
chased one  hundred  acres  of  land  and  followed  lumbering  and  farming  in  connec- 
tion vrith  his  trade  until  a  short  time  before  his  death.  He  married  Lydia  Ives,  a 
daughter  of  Eoswell  Ives,  of  Middlehury  township.  Eleven  children  were  the 
fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Lucy,  deceased;  Olive,  wife  of  Thomas  Lester,  of  Charles- 
ton; Frances,  wife  of  J.  B.  Doane,  of  Cayuga  county,  New  York;  Harley  B.,  who 
enlisted  in  Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  and 
was  killed  near  Eichmond,  Virginia,  a  few  days  before  Lee's  surrender;  Eoswell  I., 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  771 


who  served  in  the  same  company,  and  now  resides  in  Ward  township;  Janette,  wife 
of  Lewis  Kohler,  of  Eichmond  township;  Delphene,  deceased  wife  of  Henry  Crit- 
tenden, of  Eichmond;  Newell  P.,  of  Charleston;  Dan  F.,  of  Middlebury;  Gilbert 
G.,  of  Eichmond,  and  one  that  died  in  early  youth.  Mrs.  Webster  died  in  1866, 
aged  forty-nine  years. 

Newell  P.  Webster,  son  of  Dan  P.  and  Lydia  Webster,  was  bom  on  his 
present  homestead  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  February  2,  1851.  He 
was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood.  He  worked 
on  the  farm  with  his  father  until  1871,  when  the  latter  retired,  and  Newell  P. 
bought  the  place.  On  April  35,  1871,  he  married  Annie  Neal,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Neal,  of  Charleston,  and  has  two  children,  Stella  and  Gertrude.  Mr. 
Webster  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  P.  of  H.,  and  politically,  an  adherent 
of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Jacob  Ingeeick  was  born  in  New  York  City,  September  38,  1804,  a  son  of 
John  and  Harriet  E.  Ingeriek.  He  obtained  a  meager  education,  and  when  four- 
teen years  of  age  he  went  to  Eockland,  Sullivan  county,  New  York,  where  he 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1830  he  located  in  Eutland  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  ten  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Charleston  township.  Here  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying 
June  15,  1890,  in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  age.  He  married  Hannah  M.  How- 
land,  a  native  of  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  who  became  the  mother  of  four  chil- 
dren, viz:  Hannah,  deceased;  Elmer,  deceased;  John  W.,  of  Steuben  county,  New 
York,  and  George  H.,  deceased.  Mr.  Ingeriek  was  a  local  minister  in  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  church,  to  which  faith  his  wife  also  belonged.  She  died  in  1876,  aged 
seventy-two  years. 

Elmee  Ingeeick,  eldest  son  of  Jacob  and  Hannah  M.  Ingeriek,  was  born  in 
Eockland,  Sullivan  county,  New  York,  January  3,  1829,  and  was  about  one  year 
old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  in  Eutland  and 
Charleston  townships,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  On  January  19, 
1853,  he  married  Ellen  Benedict,  a  daughter  of  Marcus  and  Lucy  (Jennings) 
Benedict,  of  Wells,  New  York.  Eight  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  named 
as  follows:  Edgar  A.,  of  Wellsboro;  George  E.,  of  Charleston  township;  Norman 
G.,  of  Amot;  Lovella  A.,  wife  of  Wesley  G.  Johnson,  of  Corning,  New  York; 
Orson,  deceased;  William  L.,  of  Charleston;  Sadie  I.,  wife  of  George  Avery,  and 
Olon  L.  Mr.  Ingeriek  was  a  Eepiiblican,  and  served  two  terms  as  a  school  director. 
He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  for  many  years,  and 
died  in  that  faith  March  13,  1897. 

William  Adams,  a  native  of  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  bom  in  1772,  was  reared 
in  his  native  land,  and  in  1840  immigrated  with  his  family  to  Pennsylvania,  and 
settled  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  purchasing  100  acres  of  land,  now  a 
part  of  the  Adams  farm.  To  William  and  Nancy  Adams  were  born  six  children,  viz: 
Mary,  Joseph,  William,  John,  James  and  Eobert,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  The 
parents  spent  their  declining  years  in  Charleston  township,  where  Mr.  Adams  died 
March  7,  1861,  aged  eighty-nine  years,  and  his  wife,  September  20,  1857,  aged 
eighty-six. 

Eobeet  Adams,  youngest  child  of  William  and  Nancy  Adams,  was  bom  in 


772  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1820,  and  was  twenty  years  old  when  the  family  settled 
in  Charleston  township.  After  his  father's  death,  Eobert  inherited  the  homestead, 
to  which  he  subsequently  added  by  purchase  400  acres.  He  was  a  successful  and 
progressive  farmer,  and  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  township.  He  mar- 
ried Ann  Jane  Irwin,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Eobert 
W.,  deceased;  N^ancy,  wife  of  William  McEntee,  of  Fall  Brook;  Mary,  wife  of 
Edgar  A.  McEntee,  of  the  same  place;  Eliza,  Erwin  J.,  and  Lucinda,  wife  of  Dr. 
A.  W.  Cummings,  of  Oswayo,  Potter  county.  Mr.  Adams  died  August  16,  1889, 
aged  sixty-nine  years.  His  widow  resides  with  her  son,  Erwin  J.,  on  the  old 
homestead. 

Ebwin  J.  Adams,  only  living  son  of  Eobert  Adams,  was  bom  in  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  on  his  present  farm,  August  1,  1865,  and  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education.  At  his  father's  death  he  took  charge  of  the  homestead, 
which  he  has  since  managed  successfully.  Mr.  Adams  was  married  February  38, 
1891,  to  Eliza  Bennett,  a  daughter  of  Martin  Bennett,  of  Charleston  township,  and 
has  one  son,  Eobert  Erwin.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  in  politics,  a  stanch 
Eepublican. 

JoHK  C.  Jennings  was  born  in  Otsego  county,  New  York,  in  1811,  a  son  of 
Joseph  and  Lucy  (Corbin)  Jennings.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  whence  he 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston  township, 
near  the  Eichmond  township  line,  where  his  son,  Charles  M.,  now  resides.  He 
was  a  sawyer  by  occupation,  and  worked  at  that  business  twelve  years  in  Manchester. 
Mr.  Jennings  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Lois  Pratt,  of  Eichmond  township, 
died  leaving  two  sons:  Eobert  P.,  who  died  in  Washington  in  1863,  and  Joseph  E., 
a  Union  soldier,  who  died  in  Andersonville  prison  in  1863  or  1864.  Mr.  Jennings 
subsequently  married  Sarah  A.  Sloat,  of  Charleston  township,  who  became  the 
mother  of  five  children,  two  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Susie  M.,  wife  of  Mel- 
ville Greene,  died  in  March,  1889,  and  Charles  M.  Mr.  Jennings  died  in  1883;  his 
widow  died  April  11, 1895. 

Chaeles  M.  Jennings,  only  son  of  John  C.  Jennings,  was  bom  on  his  present 
homestead,  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county.  May  9,  1859,  and  attended  the 
common  schools  of  his  neighborhood  in  youth.  He  remained  with  his  parents 
until  the  age  of  twenty-four  years,  when  he  went  to  Madison  county,  New  York, 
where  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  there  five  years.  In 
1888  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  and 
working  at  his  trade.  October  20,  1881,  he  married  Emma  McLean,  a  daughter  of 
Alexander  McLean,  of  Middlebury,  and  has  two  children,  Eobert  and  Ealph.  Mrs. 
Jennings  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Eepublican,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  amd  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

Elijah  Peake,  Se..  was  bom  in  Schoharie  county.  New  York,  there  grew  to 
manhood  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  and  in  1841  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  100  acres  of  land  in  Charleston  township.  He  set- 
tled upon  it,  but  also  followed  his  trade.  He  married  Sally  Willis,  of  Albany,  New 
York,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Kiel,  a  farmer  of  Charleston;  Elijah,  and 
Willis,  both  deceased;  David,  a  farmer  of  Delmar,  and  Margaret,  deceased.  Mr. 
Peake  and  his  wife  passed  the  remainder  of  their  lives  in  Charleston  township. 

Elijah  Peake,  second  son  of  Elijah  Peake,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Schoharie  county, 


BIOGKAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  773 


New  York,  May  33,  1818,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  with,  his  brother  Hiel  one  year 
before  the  other  members  of  the  family.  They  settled  in  Charleston  township,  in 
the  locality  where  Hiel  now  resides,  near  Bound  Top  postoffice.  Here  he  followed 
farming  until  his  death.  May  16,  1885.  Mr.  Peake  was  married  February  22,  1841, 
to  Nancy  Clark,  a  daughter  of  Seth  Clark,  of  Vermont.  Six  children  were  bom  to 
this  union,  named  as  follows:  George  Clark  and  Dyer,  both  deceased;  Electa,  who 
married  0.  H.  Brooks;  Franklin  C,  of  Charleston;  Seth  Elijah,  of  Eound  Top, 
and  Elizabeth,  deceased.     Mrs.  Peake  is  living  in  Charleston  township. 

Franklin  C.  Peake  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  October 
4,  1855,  and  is  the  eldest  living  son  of  Elijah  Peake,  Jr.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Charleston,  and  on  attaining  his  majority  began  farming  and  operating 
a  threshing  machine.  On  October  9,  IST'S,  he  married  Ella  M.  Close,  a  daughter 
of  Eeuben  and  Harriet  (Lockwood)  Close,  of  Chatham  township,  and  has  two  chil- 
dren, Erwin  M.  and  Walter  L.  In  1891  Mr.  Peake  purchased  his  present  farm  of 
eighty  acres,  lying  one  mile  east  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
to  its  cultivation.  In  politics,  a  Republican,  he  has  served  as  school  director  one 
term,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Seth  E.  Peake,  a  son  of  Elijah  Peake,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Charleston  township, 
Tioga  county.  May  23,  1863,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  followed  lumber- 
ing eight  years,  and  in  1885  commenced  blacksmithing  at  Summit,  Duncan  town- 
ship, which  business  he  followed  there  for  six  years.  In  1891  he  came  to  Eound 
Top,  where  he  has  since  carried  on  blacksmithing,  and  also  operates  a  steam  thresher 
during  the  autumn  season,  as  well  as  a  cider  mill.  Mr.  Peake  was  married  June 
24,  1885,  to  Anna  M.  Skelton,  a  daughter  of  John  Skelton,  of  Charleston  township, 
and  has  one  son,  Fred.  In  politics,  Mr.  Peake  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Daniel  Mills  was  born  near  Owego,  Tioga  county,  New  York,  September 
28,  1788,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  white  child  born  in  that  county. 
His  father,  Stephen  Mills,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolution,  and  lived  to  the  remark- 
able age  of  104  years.  Daniel  followed  farming  in  Tioga  county,  New  York,  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life,  and  finally  came  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  died,  March  3,  1871.  His  wife,  Patience  Trapp,  of  Orange 
county.  New  York,  died  in  Charleston,  February  24,  1871,  a  week  before  her  hus- 
band. They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz:  Jane  F.  and  Rachel  P.,  both 
deceased;  Martha  B.,  Samuel,  James  F.,  deceased;  Amos  0.  and  Eobert  I. 

Samuel  Mills,  oldest  son  of  Daniel  and  Patience  Mills,  was  born  in  Tioga 
county,  New  York,  November  28,  1821,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  that  county.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  an  apprenticeship  to  the  carpenter's  trade,  which 
business  he  followed  in  that  county  up  to  1844.  He  then  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  his  present  farm  of  113  acres  in  Charleston  township, 
and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  in  connection  with  his  trade.  On 
March  9,  1844,  Mr.  Mills  married  Marcy  A.  Chapman,  of  Friendsville,  Susquehanna 
county,  Pennsylvania,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Eliza,  deceased  wife  of 
J.  E.  Catlin;  Martha  L.,  and  Amos  D.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Mills  died  August  21,  1850. 
He  was  again  married  January  1,  1851,  to  Mary  Tucker,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin 
and  Nancy  (Brundage)  Tucker,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  who  is  the  mother 
of  eight  children,  viz:    Cicero  E.,  of  Crawford,  Nebraska;    Marcy  A.,  wife  of  C. 


774  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

A.  Stewart,  of  Delmar  township;  Abram  L.,  deceased;  Mary  L.,  wife  of  Ferdinand 
E.  Field,  of  Wellsboro;  Ellen  A.,  wife  of  Samuel  Coolidge,  of  Colorado;  Eachel 
A.,  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  in  the  class  of  1894;  Benjamin 
J.,  and  Louis,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mills  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  charter  members  of  the  local  Grange.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  has  filled  the  office  of  township  supervisor. 

Martin  Clemens  was  born  in  Germajay,  in  1804,  was  educated  in  his  native 
land,  and  there  served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  weaver's  trade.  He  immigrated  to 
the  United  States  in  1831,  and  settled  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  where  he  learned 
the  shoemaker's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  in  that  city  up  to  1845,  when  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  purchased  100  acres  of  land  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, and  devoted  his  attention  to  its  cultivation  during  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life.  He  died  in  1852.  Mr.  Clemens  was  married  in  Germany  to  Barbara  Siple, 
to  whom  were  bom  eight  children,  viz:  Frank,  of  Charleston  township;  William, 
a  farmer  in  Covington;  Chaxles,  deceased;  Martin  V.,  Louisa,  deceased  wife  of 
William  Houck;  Nichols,  of  Elmira;  George,  of  Charleston  township,  and  Peter, 
deceased. 

Feank  Clemens  was  born  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  July  20,  1833,  and  was 
twelve  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  assisted  them  on  the 
homestead  in  Charleston  township  until  1850,  when  he  engaged  in  lumbering  on 
Pine  creek,  which  business  he  followed  seven  years,  operating  several  saw  mills  in 
that  locality.  Eetuming  to  Charleston  township,  he  engaged  in  farming,  which  he 
has  since  continued  in  connection  with  the  lumber  business.  Mr.  Clemens  was  mar- 
ried January  6,  1856,  to  Mary  Ann  Churchill,  a  daughter  of  Asa  Churchill,  a  well- 
known  local  writer  of  Charleston  township.  To  this  union  have  been  bom  five  chil- 
dren, viz:  Francis  Ira,  of  Charleston  township;  Martha,  wife  of  Alonzo  Waters,  of 
Lamb's  Creek;  Charles  W.,  deceased;  Mary  Eva,  and  Samuel  A.  Mr.  Clemens  en- 
listed in  December,  1862,  and  served  in  the  Binghamton  Construction  Corps,  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat. 

Maetin  V.  Clemens  was  born  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  December  8,  1840,  and 
was  about  four  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga 
county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  working  on  the  farm  and  in  the  lumber  woods 
with  his  father  until  1863,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Ninety-eighth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers.  He  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  passed  through 
unharmed.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  July,  1865,  and 
returned  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county,  where  he  purchased  his  present  farm  the  fol- 
lowing year.  Mr.  Clemens  was  married  December  31,  1863,  to  Mary  Ann  Ely,  a 
daughter  of  Seldin  Ely,  of  Charleston  township.  Nine  children  are  the  fruits  of  this 
union,  viz:  Frederick  J.,  of  Charleston;  Morton  S.,  deceased;  Minnie  M.,  wife  of 
Adelbert  Kittell,  of  Delmar;  John  B.  and  Herbert,  deceased;  Lewis  Edgar,  Bertie, 
Decatur  Martin  and  Mamie  Bell.  In  politics,  Mr.  Clemens  is  a  Democtat,  and  is 
also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P. 

Alonzo  Whitney  was  bom  at  Nine  Partners,  New  York,  in  1801,  a  son  of 
Abram  J.  and  Philena  (Adams)  Whitney,  both  natives  of  Connecticut.  He  ob- 
tained a  common  school  education,  and  soon  after  attaining  his  majority  settled  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  775 


Danby,  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  whence  he  removed  to  Caroline,  New  York, 
where  he  had  a  contract  for  furnishing  timber  to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  the 
Ithaca  and  Owego  railroad,  now  the  Ithaca  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
and  Western.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Gibson,  now  Coming,  New  York, 
where  he  kept  a  hotel  for  twenty-five  years,  and  was  also  a  foreman  in  the  construction 
of  the  Chemung  canal.  In  1848  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  pur- 
chased 300  acres  of  land  in  Charleston  township,  at  what  is  now  known  as  Whit- 
neyville,  where  he  followed  farming  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  wife,  Fannie, 
was  a  daughter  of  Lewis  Pitts,  of  Danby,  New  York,  and  had  one  son.  Nelson. 
Mr.  "Whitney  held  nearly  all  of  the  township  offices  at  different  periods,  and  was 
postmaster  at  Whitneyville  several  years.  He  was  a  Democrat  up  to  the  nomina- 
tion of  Lincoln,  when  he  cast  his  vote  for  the  Eepublican  candidates.  Mr.  Whitney 
died  on  his  farm  in  Charleston,  May  1,  1881,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  His  wife 
survived  him  more  than  six  years,  dying  August  3,  1887,  aged  eighty-five. 

Capt.  Nelson  Whitney,  only  child  of  Alonzo  and  Fannie  Whitney,  was  born 
in  Danby,  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  January  5,  1833.    When  he  was  seven 
years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Caroline,  and  two  years  later  to  Corning,  New 
York,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.     In  1848  he  came  with  the  family  to  Tioga 
county  and  settled  in  Charleston  township,  where  he  devoted  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing until  1858,  when  he  also  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Whitneyville,  and  did 
a  business  of  about  $20,000  per  annum.     When  Sumter  was  fired  on,  he  at  once 
tendered  his  services  to  the  government,  and  when  President  Lincoln  made  his 
first  call  for  volunteers,  Mr.  Whitney  went  out  with  the  recruits  from  Bradford, 
Sullivan  and  Tioga  counties,  as  quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  major,  in  the  Thir- 
teenth Division,  and  rendezvoused  at  Troy,  Bradford  county.     After  remaining 
there  ten  days,  they  proceeded  to  Camp  Curtin,  near  Harrisburg,  where  Major 
Whitney  acted  as  quartermaster  of  the  old  Bucktail  regiment  until  the  expiration 
of  his  term,  when  he  returned  home.     On  August  6,  1861,  he  received  orders  from 
the  adjutant  general  of  Pennsylvania  to  raise  a  company,  which  he  accomplished, 
recruiting  his  command  in  Charleston  township.     It  was  mustered  into  the  service 
as  Company  G,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  with  Mr.  Whitney  as  captain. 
He  reported  at  Camp  Curtin,  where  his  company  was  mustered  in,  October  14, 
1861,  and  thence  proceeded  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  from  there  to  Fortress  Mon- 
roe.    On  December  6,  1861,  they  were  sent  to  South  Carolina,  to  join  the  Army 
of  the  South,  under  Sherman  and  Hunter,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  .James 
Island.     Shortly  after  Captain  AVhitney  received  a  sunstroke,  at  Hilton  Head, 
South  Carolina,  from  the  efl'eets  of  which  he  has  never  fully  recovered.     The  com- 
pany was  then  sent  to  Newport  News,  Virginia,  where  it  became  a  part  of  the  Ninth 
Army  Corps,  under  General  Burnside.     Here  Captain  Whitney  was  compelled  to 
resign,  August  31,  1862,  because  of  faihng  health.     He  returned  to  Charleston 
township,  and  about  ten  days  later  recruited  another  company,  but  did  not  again 
go  into  active  service.     At  the  close  of  the  war  he  sold  his  mercantile  business  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  wool  buying.     Captain  Whitney  was  married  January  1, 
1845,  to  Susan  C.  Parsell,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Parsell,  of  Coming,  New  York. 
Nine  children  blessed  this  union,  viz:    William  E.,  deceased;  Mary,  wife  of  Abram 
Tipple,  of  Charleston;    Frank,  of  Corning,  New  York;    Fanny,  wife  of  Otis  L. 


776  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Allen,  of  Kansas;  Willis,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  Seymour,  of  Charleston;  Nellie, 
wife  of  H.  W.  Neal,  a  resident  of  the  same  township;  Jessie,  at  home,  and  Jane,  wife 
of  Charles  Symonds,  of  Bath.  Captain  Whitney  has  always  taken  an  active  inter- 
est in  public  affairs,  and  though  a  Eepublican,  was  a  candidate  for  sheriff  on  the 
Greenback  ticket,  and  for  associate  judge  on  both  the  Democratic  and  Greenback 
tickets,,  but  the  county  was  so  strongly  Republican  that  he  was  defeated.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  one  of  the  well-known  citizens  of  Tioga  county. 

Thomas  D.  Davies,  a  native  of  Carmarthenshire,  Wales,  grew  to  manhood 
in  his  native  land,  and  there  married  Elizabeth  Jones.  In  1841  they  immigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  located  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  -where 
Mr.  Davies  operated  the  incline  plane  for  eighteen  years.  In  1868  he  removed  to 
Charleston  township,  where  his  wife  died  in  1879,  and  himself  in  1891.  They 
were  the  parents  of  six  children,  five  of  whom  were  born  in  Tioga  county.  The 
oldest,  John,  was  born  in  Wales;  came  to  Blossburg  with  his  parents,  and  enlisted 
in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  was 
kUled  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  1,  1863,  when  336  were  killed  or  captured 
out  of  a  regimental  roster  of  450  men. 

Thomas  J.  Davies  was  bom  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  April  15,  1843,  a  son 
of  Thomas  D.  Davies.  He  attended  the  common  schools  and  Blossburg  Academy 
in  boyhood,  and  has  m.ade  farming  his  vocation.  On  September  18,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served  throughout 
the  war,  being  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  on  January  24,  1865.  At  the  battle 
of  South  Mountain  he  was  struck  by  a  piece  of  shell,  which  fractured  his  skull,  and 
he  was  taken  to  Patterson  Park  Hospital,  Maryland.  He  rejoined  his  regiment  in  time 
to  take  part  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the 
Army  of  the  South,  in  Kentucky,  which  re-enforced  Grant  at  Vicksburg.  His 
regiment  next  served  in  the  engagements  of  Blue  Springs,  Campbell  Station  and 
the  Siege  of  Knoxville.  Here  he  was  discharged,  December  31,  1863,  in  order  to 
re-enlist  as  a  veteran,  at  Blain's  Cross  Roads,  Tennessee.  His  command  was  then 
transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  he  served-in  the  following  battles: 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River,  Cold  Harbor,  and  the  assault  on 
Petersburg.  During  the  Siege  of  Petersburg  his  brigade  held  the  salient  line. 
He  received  a  gunshot  wound  here,  which  grazed  the  right  side  of  his  skull,  striking 
near  the  right  eye.  He  was  taken  to  Harwood  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
he  remained  four  months,  and  then  rejoined  his  regiment  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
where  he  remained  until  the  town  was  captured.  While  in  command  of  Company 
D,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Walker,  he  was  again 
wounded  by  a  musket  ball  in  the  right  wrist,  and  was  taken  to  City  Point  Hospital. 
In  May,  1865,  he  rejoined  his  command  at  Alexandria,  and  served  on  the  court 
martial  board  three  weeks,  as  one  of  the  junior  officers.  His  command  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  July  17,  1865,  by  general  order  of  the  war  department.  Re- 
turning to  his  home  in  Tioga  county,  he  resumed  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  agricul- 
ture, which  he  has  continued  up  to  the  present.  He  owns  one  of  the  finest  farms 
in  Charleston  township,  located  in  the  Welsh  settlement,  about  five  miles  from 
Wellsboro.  Mr.  Davies  was  married  January  14, 1868,  to  Jane  L.  Davis,  a  daughter 
of  David  S.  Davis,  of  Covington.     Eight  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  777 


viz:  Harriet  E.,  Elizabeth  J.,  Avife  of  Charles  Harkness;  Edith  May,  John  E .,  M. 
Gertrude,  William  L.,  A.  Verne,  and  Benjamin,  deceased.  The  family  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Congregational  church.  Mr.  Davis  is  past  lieutenant  colonel  and  a 
member  of  the  staff  of  the  commanding  general  in  the  Union  Veteran  Legion. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  1.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  G.  A.  R.  In  politics, 
a  Republican,  he  has  served  two  terms  on  the  school  board,  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  progressive  citizens  of  his  native  county. 

Chahles  Close,  son  of  Reuben  Close,  and  grandson  of  Newbury  Close,  Sr., 
was  born  in  Chatham  township,  February  3,  1826,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  in 
his  native  township,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  About  1847 
he  removed  to  Westfield  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  with  his  brother 
George.  In  1853  he  removed  to  Charleston  township  and  settled  at  Round  Top, 
where  he  established  potash  works,  which  he  carried  on  until  about  1870,  when  he 
purchased  the  Round  Top  Cheese  Factory,  which  had  been  established  in  1865  by 
a  stock  company.  In  1873  he  bought  out  the  general  store  of  Samuel  Morgan. 
This  and  a  small  farm  he  carried  on  in  connection  with  his  cheese  factory  until  his 
death.  May  16,  1883.  Mr.  Close  was  married  in  184-7,  to  Jane  Owlett,  a  daughter 
of  Gilbert  B.  and  Martha  (Pope)  Owlett,  of  Chatham  township.  To  this  union 
there  were  bom  seven  children,  viz:  Martha  E.,  widow  of  Benjamin  P.  Claus; 
Mary  E.  and  Sybil  A.,  deceased;  Gilbert  Burton,  of  Delmar:  Reuben  G.,  of  Keeney- 
ville;  Edd  G.,  of  Round  Top,  and  Arthur  C,  merchant  and  cheese  manufacturer, 
Keeneyville.  Mrs.  Close  makes  her  home  with  her  children.  Mr.  Close  was  a  Re- 
publican, in  politics;  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Chai'leston  township  from  1860 
to  1870,  and  postmaster  of  Round  Top  for  many  years.  He  was  a  man  of  strict 
integrity,  honorable  in  his  dealings,  and  esteemed  and  respected  by  all  who  knew 
him. 

E.  G.  Close,  merchant  and  cheese  manufacturer,  at  Round  Top,  Charleston 
township,  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  that  township,  Januajy  37,  1867,  a  son  of 
Charles  and  Jane  (Owlett)  Close.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  township  and  at  Westbrook's  Commercial  College,  Olean,  New  York. 
In  February,  1888,  he  purchased  the  Round  Top  Cheese  Factory  from  his  father's 
estate.  This  factory,  which  has  a  capacity  of  thirty  tons  per  annum,  he  has  since 
operated.  In  1890  he  opened  a  general  store  at  Round  Top,  and  has  carried  on 
merchandising  in  connection  with  the  cheese  industry.  November  39,  1889,  Mr. 
Close  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Round  Top,  which  office  he  has  filled  up  to  the 
present.  He  was  married  February  1, 1888,  to  Ella  L.  Marks,  a  daughter  of  Charles 
and  Jane  Marks,  of  Charleston  township,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Florence  J., 
Max  C.  and  Jay  Marks.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Close  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church.  In  politics,  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party,  and  also  a 
member  of  Tyoga  Lodge,  No.  330,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  "Wellsboro. 

"Waldo  Speae,  merchant  and  postmaster  at  East  Charleston,  was  born  in 
Springfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  19,  1843,  a  son  of 
Hiram  and  Lucy  (Ripley)  Spear.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and 
Mansfield  Classical  Seminary.  On  October  14,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C, 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  participated  in  the  following  battles:  Lebanon, 
Murfreesboro,  McMinnville  and  Gallatin,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner  August  31, 


778  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

1862.  He  was  paroled  because  of  injuries,  and,  when  exchanged,  was  detailed  as 
courier  of  the  Second  Cavalry  Division,  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  until  December  28,  1864,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  Eeturning 
to  his  home  in  Bradford  county,  he  lived  there  until  1866,  and  then  located  at  Mar- 
din,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  for  seventeen  years.  In  April, 
1883,  he  purchased  his  present  inercantile  business  at  East  Charleston,  which  he 
has  since  successfully  conducted.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  that  office  in 
February,  1883,  and  has  filled  the  position  continuously  up  to  the  present.  Mr. 
vSpear  was  married  January  37,  1880,  to  Eva  C.  Benedict,  only  child  of  J.  C.  and 
Mary  M.  Benedict,  of  Austinville,  Bradford  county.  They  are  the  parents  of  one 
son,  Leland  Ealph,  bom  May  9,  1886.  Politically,  Mr.  Spear  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  secretary,  lecturer 
and  overseer  of  Grange,  ISTo.  939,  P.  of  H..  and  is  commander  of  Tent,  IsTo.  303,  K. 
0.  T.  M. 

John  S.  Bliss,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  June  7,  1817,  was  a  son  of 
Stephen  and  Charlotte  (Bailey)  Bliss,  natives  of  the  same  State.  He  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  Wellsboro,  where  he  worked 
at  cabinet  making  until  1853.  In  that  year  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston 
township,  settled  upon  it  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  during  the  balance 
of  his  life.  He  died  on  April  10,  1894.  He  married  Nancy  Van  Horn,  a  daughter 
of  William  Van  Horn,  deceased,  of  Williamsport,  who  became  the  mother  of  seven 
children,  viz:  Dwight  and  William,  both  farmers  in  Charleston;  Mary,  wife  of 
Eugene  Close,  deceased;  John  J.,  George,  Lloyd  B.,  and  Charles,  all  of  whom  are 
farmers  in  Charleston  township.  Mr.  Bliss  was  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  served 
as  school  director  one  term. 

John  J.  Bliss,  a  son  of  John  S.  and  Nancy  Bliss,  was  born  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  November  11,  1853,  and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  homestead 
farm,  attending  the  district  school  during  his  boyhood  days.  At  the  a^e  of  twenty- 
three  he  purchased  his  present  farm,  five  miles  south  of  Wellsboro,  on  which  he 
has  since  resided.  He  married  Miss  Nettie  Childs,  of  Nauvoo,  Liberty  township, 
Tioga  county.  Mr.  Bliss  is  a  memiber  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Feedinand  Embbhger  was  bom  in  Germany,  in  1816,  was  educated  in  his 
native  land,  and  at  the  age  of  forty  came  to  the  United  States.  He  was  a  black- 
smith, and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Iowa  one  year.  He  then  went  to  Eochester, 
New  York,  where  he  continued  blacksmithing  until  1859,  when  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  in  Delmar  township.  He  also  worked  at  his 
trade  in  Middlebury  township,  and  in  Lycoming  county.  In  1874  he  located  in 
Charleston  township,  where  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  retired  from 
active  business,  dying  in  1883.  He  was  married  in  Germany  to  Anna  Mary  Miller, 
to  whom  were  bom  six  children,  viz:  Catherine,  deceased;  Henry,  who  enlisted 
in  Company  L,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  mortally  wounded  at  Dal- 
las, Georgia,  May  37,  1864;  Ignatius,  deceased;  Martin,  of  Cherry  Plats;  Joseph, 
of  Charleston,  and  Anna,  wife  of  William  McCaslin.     Mrs.  Emberger  died  in  1861. 

Joseph  Emberger,  youngest  son  of  Ferdinand  Emberger,  M-as  bom  in  Eoches- 
ter, New  York,  April  13,  1858,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  when 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  779 


one  year  old.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  accompanied  his  father  to  Lycoming 
county,  where  he  remained  two  years,  going  thence  to  Lodi,  New  York.  In  the 
autumn  of  1880  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  the  Wellsboro  High  School, 
and  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  graduating  from  the  last  named  in 
the  class  of  1885.  He  taught  school  in  Tioga  county  six  terms,  being  principal 
of  the  Amot  graded  school  one  year.  In  1887  he  purchased  a  farm  of  eighty  acres 
in  Charleston  township,  on  which  he  now  lives.  Mr.  Emberger  was  married  No- 
vember 29,  1883,  to  Sarah  Mclnroy,  a  daughter  of  Hugh  Mclnroy,  of  Charleston. 
She  died  April  33,  1888,  followed  ten  days  later  by  the  death  of  their  only  child, 
Hugh  C,  aged  three  years.  In  politics,  Mr.  Emberger  is  a  Democrat,  and  has 
served  as  auditor  of  Charleston  township  three  terms.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  board  of  auditors  of  Tioga  county. 

Denton  Gerow  was  bom  in  New  York  state,  January  19,  1819,  and  came  to 
Tioga  coimty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1866,  settling  in  Charleston  township.  He  was 
a  blacksmith,  and  followed  that  occupation  through  life.  He  married  Bersheba 
Gale,  of  Ulster  county.  New  York,  who  bore  him  eleven  children,  viz:  Green  M., 
of  Wellsboro;  Bailey  A.,  of  Knoxville;  James  N.,  of  Charleston  township;  Mary 
J.,  wife  of  Simeon  Brown,  of  Watkins,  New  York;  Dewitt  C,  of  Charleston; 
Marcus  L.,  and  Phoebe,  both  deceased  ;  Emma,  wife  of  Dowling  Ellenberger;  Wal- 
teo"  E.,  of  Charleston;  Libbie,  deceased,  and  Anna,  wife  of  A.  Lincoln  Eaton.  Mrs. 
Gerow  died  on  April  37,  1888,  and  her  husband,  February  16,  1892. 

Dewitt  C.  Gerow,  son  of  Denton  Gerow,  was  born  in  Seneca  county.  New 
York,  August  2,  1848,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native  countyin 
boyhood.  Before  attaining  his  majority  he  commenced  working  at  blaeksmithing 
with  his  father,  continuing  the  same  until  August  31,  1864.  On  that  date  he  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  Fiftieth  New  York  Engineers,  and  served  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  until  June  13,  1865,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  Eetuming  to 
his  home  in  New  York,  he  continued  to  work  at  his  trade  until  the  fall  of  1866, 
when  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  located  in  Charleston  township.  He  followed 
blaeksmithing  there  two  years,  and  then  went  to  Lodi,  New  York,  and  engaged 
in  farming.  A  year  later  he  returned  to  Charleston  township,  where  he  has  since 
devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture.  Mr.  Gerow  was  married  January  1,  1870, 
to  Laura  E.  West,  a  daughter  of  Willliam  and  Caroline  (Johnson)  West,  of  Charles- 
ton township.  They  are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  viz:  Winnie,  wife  of  Otis 
Pealce,  deceased;  Ethel,  wife  of  Miner  Hinkley;  Leon,  Ada,  Carrie,  Edna,  deceased; 
Gale,  Floyd,  Miner  and  Irma.     Politically,  Mr.  Gerow  is  an  ardent  Eepublican. 

Isaac  E.  Bowbn  was  born  on  his  present  homestead  in  Charleston  township, 
Tioga  county,  October  30,  1869,  a  son  of  Joshua  and  Diana  (Evans)  Bowen,  natives 
of  Carmarthenshire,  South  Wales.  He  attended  the  district  schools  of  his  native 
township  in  boyhood,  and  also  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  and  then 
engaged  in  teaching,  which  vocation  he  followed  four  years.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  he  went  on  the  road  as  a  traveling  salesman  for  a  short  time,  and  later  em- 
barked in  the  tinning  and  plumbing  business,  which  he  followed  until  his  father's 
death.  He  then  took  charge  of  the  homestead  farm,  and  has  since  devoted  his 
attention  to  agriculture.     Mr.  Bowen  was  married  October  29,  1888,  to  Mattie  B. 


780  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Husted,  a  daughter  of  Ashley  Husted,  of  Charleston  township,  and  has  three  daugh- 
ters: Maude,  Beatrice  and  Neva.  The  family  are  connected  with  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  Mr.  Bowen  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  enterprising  young 
farmers  of  the  township. 

James  E.  Petees  was  born  in  Almond,  Allegany  county.  New  York,  October 
18,  1834,  and  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  (Carey)  Peters,  natives  of  England 
and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools 
and  Union  Academy.  He  early  became  a  resident  of  Parmington  township,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  followed  agriculture  up  to  1878.  In  that  year  he  was  elected  a 
county  commissioner,  and  removed  to  Elkland.  He  was  re-elected  in  1883 
and  filled  the  office  six  years.  In  1884  he  settled  in  Deerfield  township 
and  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Academy  Corners,  which  he  continued 
until  1891,  when  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  county  poor  house.  This 
position  he  held  up  to  his  death,  March  23,  1896.  Mr.  Peters  was  married  Sep- 
tember 3,  1851,  to  Priscilla  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Phoebe  (Cook)  Smith, 
of  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  six  children,  viz:  Sadie 
M.,  wife  of  Daniel  E.  Casbeer,  of  Parmington;  John  W.,  Charles  E.  and  Lena,  all 
of  whom  are  dead;  Eena,  and  J.  Earl.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Peters  was  actively  identified  with  the  Eepublican  party 
from  early  manhood.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  was  elected  Grand  Master  of  the  last  named  order  in  1888. 


CHAPTEE  LX. 

BIOGllAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

MiDDLEBURY     AND     FAEMINGTON     TOWNSHIPS— NeLSON,     ELKLAND    AND    OSOEOLA 

Boroughs. 


EiCHAED  Goodwin  was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  in  1760,  and  came  to  Tioga 
county  with  his  family  in  1807.  He  purchased  a  tract  of  land  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship, a  portion  of  which  is  owned  by  his  grandsons,  George  H.  and  Calvin  A.  Good- 
win. Here  he  resided  and  cultivated  his  farm  until  old  age  prevented  him  from 
further  work.  He  died  December  10,  1858,  at  the  remarkable  age  of  ninety-eight 
years.  He  married  Lauranie  Carpenter,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Benjamin, 
Calvin,  Charles,  Lucy,  Sally  and  Susan.  The  mother  died  soon  after  the  family 
came  to  Tioga  coimty. 

Caltin  Goodwin  was  born  in  Vermont,  January  9,  1799,  and  was  about  nine 
years  old  when  his  parents,  Eichard  and  Lauranie  Goodwin,  settled  in  the  primitive 
forest  of  Middlebury  township.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  surrounded  by  the  trials 
and  hardships  of  pioneer  days,  attending  school  in  the  little  log  building  of  the 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  781 


neighborhoodj  and  assisting  his  parents  to  clear  and  improve  the  homestead.  He 
was  an  honest,  hard-working  man,  and  accumulated  a  good  property.  He  spent 
his  entire  life  in  this  county  upon  the  old  homestead  settled  by  his  father.  In 
1825  Mr.  Goodwin  married  Anna  Sloat,  a  daughter  of  David  Sloat.  She  was  bom 
in  1809,  and  bore  him  a  family  of  eight  children,  named  as  follows:  Albert,  who 
died  in  the  South,  while  a  soldier  in  the  Union  army;  Milo,  a  resident  of  Middle- 
bury;  Matilda,  wife  of  Edie  Handy,  of  Deerfield;  James  W.,  a  resident  of  Charles- 
ton; Charles,  who  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-nine;  Charity,  wife  of  Mason  Bennett, 
of  "Wellsboro;  Susan,  who  died  at  the  age  of  forty-seven,  and  Calvin  A.,  who  lives  on 
a  portion  of  the  old  homestead  and  with  whom  Mrs.  Goodwin  resides. 

MiLO  Goodwin,  second  son  of  Calvin  Goodwin,  was  'bom  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  September  8,  1837,  received  a  common  school  education,  and 
lived  with  his  parents  until  his  majority.  He  then  bovight  forty  acres  of  land  in 
Charleston  township,  lived  there  two  years,  then  sold  it  and  purchased  his  present 
farm  west  of  Keeneyville.  August  9,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  A^olunteers,  under  Captain  Hammond,  and 
later  Capt.  John  I.  Mitchell,  the  present  president  judge  of  Tioga  county,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Harrisburg,  in  June,  1863.  Mr.  Goodwin  was  married 
in  1847,  to  Fannie  Spaulding,  a  daughter  of  William  Spaulding,  to  which  union 
have  been  bom  five  children,  viz:  William,  a  resident  of  Chatham;  Ettie,  wife  of 
Salem  Butler,  of  Deerfield:  Frank,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  Angle,  wife  of  Gardner 
Andrews,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Callie  S.,  who  lives  on  the  homestead.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  a  school  director  three  years.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K.  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies. 

Calvin  A.  Goodwin,  youngest  child  of  Calvin  Goodwin,  was  bom  in  Middle- 
bury township,  Tioga  county,  February  30,  1848.  He  attended  the  district  schools 
in  boyhood,  and  has  always  lived  on  the  old  homestead,  engaged  in  farming  and  lum- 
bering. He  married  Marian  West,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  M.  West,  of  Middlebury 
township.  May  13,  1867.  She  was  born  May  7,  1847,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine 
children,  viz:  William,  who  died  in  infancy;  Ida,  wife  of  Eli  Peck,  of  Middlebury; 
Addie,  wife  of  Leon  West,  of  the  same  township;  Orrin,  Charles,  James  and  Matie 
A.,  all  residents  of  Middlebury;  Albert  and  Susan,  both  deceased.  Mrs.  Goodwin 
is  a  member  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church.  In  politics,  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  Ee- 
publican, has  served  as  a  school  director  one  term,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Charles  Goodwin  was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  October  5,  1807,  a  few  weeks 
before  the  family  removed  to  this  county.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  Eichard 
Goodwin,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm  in  Middlebury,  which  became 
his  property  after  his  father's  death.  He  married  Esther  Sloat,  to  which  union 
were  born  seven  children,  viz:  Eoanna  K.,  widow  of  Walter  Briggs,  of  Eichmond 
township;  Adaline,  deceased;  George  H.,  of  Middlebury;  Clarissa,  Howard  and 
Alfred,  all  of  whom  are  dead,  and  Eveline,  wife  of  Henry  Hayes,  of  Middlebury. 
Mrs.  Goodwin  died  on  July  11, 1867,  aged  fifty-six  years,  and  her  husband,  February 
4,  1880,  in  his  seventy-third  year. 

George  H.  Goodwin,  only  living  son  of  Charles  Goodwin,  was  bom  on 
his  present  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga   county,  August   18,  1836,  was 


782  HISTOET    OF    TIOUA    COUNTY. 

educated  in  the  district  schools,  and  has  made  agriculture  his  hfe  vocation.  July 
34, 1864,  he  married  Beatrice  K.  Keeney,  a  daughter  of  Ransom  Keeney,  of  Middle- 
bury.  She  was  born  April  9, 1844,  and  has  had  three  children,  viz:  Floyd  H.,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  five  years;  Fred.  A.,  who  died  at  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  Eoy, 
who  died  in  infancy.     In  politics,  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  stanch  Democrat. 

Thomas  Keeney  was  born  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  September  28,  1776,  the 
eldest  of  two  sons  born  to  Thomas  Keeney,  Sr.,  the  younger  one  being  Jesse.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  May  31,  1751,  and  came  to  America  prior  to 
the  Eevolution,  serving  under  Washington  during  that  struggle  for  liberty. 
Thomas  spent  his  early  life  in  his  native  place,  whence  he  removed  to  Onondaga 
county.  New  York,  and  in  the  autumn  of  1815  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  purchased  a  large  farm  on  Crooked  creek,  in  Middlebury  township.  Here  he 
spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  September  1,  1853.  He  married  Anna 
Parshall,  who  bore  him  nine  children,  viz:  Mercy,  Israel  P.,  Elijah,  Elisha,  Jesse, 
and  Alvira,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Eansom,  of  Middlebury  township;  Anna,  de- 
ceased, and  Thomas,  a  resident  of  Middlebury.  Mrs.  Keeney  died  February  28, 
1827,  aged  forty-nine  years.     Mr.  Keeney  was  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church. 

IsEAEL  P.  Keeney,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  and  Anna  Keeney,  was  born  in 
Onondaga  county.  New  York,  in  1802,  and  was  thirteen  years  old  when  the  family 
came  to  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  made  farming  his  life  voca- 
tion. His  wife,  Clarinda,  was  a  daughter  of  Aaron  Niles,  and  bore  him  a  family 
of  eleven  children,  as  follows:  Henry  S.,  of  Middlebury;  Euth,  who  died  in  infancy; 
Euth  A.,  wife  of  Daniel  Holiday;  Mercy,  deceased  wife  of  Benjamin  Starkey; 
Alvira  and  Clarinda,  both  deceased;  Deborah,  deceased  wife  of  Samuel  Hayes;  Mary, 
wife  of  Joseph  Brown,  of  Lawrence  township;  Henrietta,  wife  of  0.  D.  Whiteomb; 
Delia,  deceased  wife  of  Orrin  West,  and  Lafayette,  deceased.  Mr.  Keeney  and  wife 
were  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  filled  the  office  of  deacon.  He  died 
at  Middlebury  Center,  March  11,  1886,  and  his  wife,  August  12,  1885,  aged  eighty- 
seven  years. 

Heney  S.  Keeney,  eldest  child  of  Israel  P.  Keeney,  and  grandson  of  Thomas 
Keeney,  was  born  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  January  1,  1824.  He 
was  reared  upon  the  homestead,  and  assisted  his  parents  on  the  farm  until  he  was 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  when  he  began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand  and  mill  man. 
May  11,  1845,  he  married  Zunilda  Whitney,  a  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Whitney.  She 
was  bom  August  7,  1826,  and  is  the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Loren  D., 
who  died  at  the  age  of  eleven;  Calista  S.,  wife  of  Ephraim  Thomas,  of  Mansfield; 
Van  Buren,  of  Chatham  township,  who  married  Sarah  Short,  who  has  had  five 
children:  Frankie,  deceased,  Hattie,  Vola,  Olen  and  Stella;  Euth  A.,  wife  of  Clark 
Sweet,  of  Middlebury;  Henry  S.,  a  carpenter  of  Middlebury  Center,  who  married 
Katie  Badman,  and  has  three  children,  Leah,  Eva  and  Seymour  B.;  and  Flora  A., 
wife  of  Thomas  B.  Bolton,  a  resident  of  Middlebury  Center.  In  September,  1864, 
Mr.  Keeney  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers. He  was  soon  afterwards  taken  sick,  and  in  May,  1865,  was  discharged  at 
Philadelphia  because  of  disability.  Politically,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  both  he  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church. 

Jesse  Keeney,  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Keeney  Sr.,  was  born  in  Hartford, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  783 


Connecticut,  September  28,  1778,  being  exactly  two  years  younger  than  his  brother 
Thomas.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  May  31,  1751,  and  came  to 
America  prior  to  the  Eevolution,  serving  under  Washington  during  that  struggle 
for  liberty.  Jesse  spent  his  early  life  in  his  native  place,  and  married  Catharine 
Middaugh  December  29, 1799,  subsequently  removing  to  New  York  state.  His  wife 
was  born  September  13,  1781,  and  bore  him  the  following  children:  Elias,  Sarah, 
Thomas,  Permelia,  Jesse,  Abram  S.  and  Jesse  M.,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Caty,  wife 
of  Delinas  Walker;  Mercy,  deceased;  Eichard  M.,  a  resident  of  Farmington  town- 
ship; Euby  and  George  D.,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Keeney  came  to  Tioga  county  in 
1831,  and  located  on  a  farm  at  Mill  Creek,  where  he  died  on  June  18,  1834.  His 
wife  survived  him  fourteen  years,  dying  August  13,  1848. 

Geoege  Daniel  Keeney,  youngest  child  of  Jesse  Keeney,  was  bom  at 
Cortland,  New  York,  December  5,  1825,  and  was  six  years  old  when  his  parents 
settled  in  this  county.  Here  he  grew  to  maturity,  and  in  the  fall  of  1848  located 
at  Keeneyville,  where  he  engaged  extensively  in  lumbering,  and  purchasd  several 
tracts  of  land.  In  1859  he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  the  Northern 
Artillery.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Keeneyyille,  and  in  1866  was 
elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  an  o£&ce  he  filled  continuously  for  thirty  years.  He 
also  served  as  a  school  director  several  terms,  and  filled  other  minor  ofiices  of  his 
township.  He  was  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  always  gave  his  support  to  that  party. 
Mr.  Keeney  was  married  August  27,  1848,  to  Jane  A.  Drew,  a  daughter  of  Deacon 
John  Drew.  She  was  born  March  2,  1830,  and  became  the  mother  of  nine  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Florence  A.,  wife  of  Prof.  F.  M.  Smith,  of  Arcade,  New  York; 
Agnes  E.,  of  Keeneyville;  Ernest  H.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seven;  Ida  E.,  wife  of 
Leroy  Costley,  of  Middlebury  township;  Arthur  M.,  of  Keeneyville;  Helen  J.,  de- 
ceased; Eva  G.,  wife  of  Elmer  E.  Guernsey,  of  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Burton  L.,  of 
Keeneyville,  and  Myrtle  L.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  years.  Mrs.  Keeney 
died  January  1,  1893.  She  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  February  27,  1895,  he  married,  for  his  second  wife,  Eachel  L.  Morse,  of 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Keeney  died  February  11, 1896.  He  was  a  consistent 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church;  was  also  connected  with  the  K.  of  H.,  and  was 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  citizens  of  the  community. 

Ahthue  M.  Keenbt  was  born  at  Keeneyville,  June  21,  1859,  and  is  the  oldest 
living  son  of  George  D.  Keeney.^  He  was  educated  in  the  Keeneyville  graded 
school,  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  retail  meat  business.  On  October  3,  1879,  he 
married  Laura  Wedge,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Wedge,  of  Middlebury  township,  and 
has  three  children:  Maude,  Harry  and  Ethel.  The  last  mentioned  was  given  to 
her  uncle,  Henry  Wedge,  at  her  mother's  death,  which  occurred  March  31,  1893. 
Mr.  Keeney  is  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  also  of  the  1.  0.  0.  F.,  the 
K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  one  of 
the  well-known  business  men  of  Keeneyville. 

BuETON  L.  Keeney,  youngest  son  of  George  D.  Keeney,  was  bom  at  Keeney- 
ville, Tioga  county,  October  20,  1866,  and  received  his  education  at  the  Keeneyville 
High  School  and  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield.  He  also  graduated  in 
stenography  from  Barnes'  Shorthand  College,  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  practiced 
as  a  professional  stenographer  for  five  years  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, and  also  in  the  courts  of  Tioga  county.     April  3,  1895,  he  married  Luella  P. 


784  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    OOTJNTY. 

ClooSj  youngest  daughter  of  Philip  T.  Cloos.  Their  daughter,  Bdytha  Luella, 
was  bom  April  17, 1896.  Mr.  Keeney  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  a  charter 
member  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  in  politics,  a  Kepublican.  He  devotes  his  atten- 
tion to  farming. 

Edsell  Mitchell  was  born  at  the  mouth  of  Mitchell's  creek,  in  Tioga  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  August  37,  1793,  eldest  child  of  Eichard  and  Euby  (Keeney) 
Mitchell,  and  is  claimed  by  his  descendants  to  have  been  the  first  white  child  bom 
in  this  county.  In  1816  he  came  to  Middlebury  township  and  located  on  the  present 
Mitchell  faiTQ,  where  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed.  He  served  in  the  War 
of  1812,  and  is  one  of  the  well-remembered  pioneers.  He  resided  in  Middlebury  up 
to  his  death,  August  15, 1870.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  thrice  married.  His  first  marriage 
occurred  March  26, 1818,  to  Nancy  Hill,  bom  December  27, 1793.  She  became  the 
mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Melissa,  deceased;  Alonzo  and  Thomas  E.,  both 
residents  of  Middlebury  township;  Margaret  A.,  deceased;  Lorenzo  D.,  a  farmer 
of  Charleston;  Mercy,  wife  of  Gr.  L.  Stevens,  of  Chicago,  and  Edsell,  deceased. 
Mrs.  Mitchell  died  August  25,  1829.  He  was  again  married  in  December,  1829, 
to  Nancy  Ottison,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Eichard,  Nancy  and  Jane,  all 
deceased;  William  A.,  of  Middlebury,  and  Harriet,  wife  of  Albert  Longbothum,  of 
Mansfield.  The  mother  died  September  15,  1844,  and  he  subsequently  married 
Mrs.  Margaret  Bates,  a  native  of  Ireland. 

Thomas  E.  Mitchell,  son  of  Edsell  Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  Eichard 
Mitchell,  was  born  on  his  present  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county, 
April  10, 1822,  and  attended  school  in  the  little  log  building  near  his  father's  home. 
When  twenty-seven  years  old  he  rented  an  adjoining  farm,  and  one  year  later  went 
five  miles  into  the  forest  of  Charleston  township,  cut  the  first  tree  on  a  100-acre  tract, 
cleared  it  up,  and  resided  thereon  for  twenty-three  years.  In  1873  he  sold  this 
property  and  located  on  his  present  farm,  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  where  he 
has  since  lived.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  married  February  13,  1848,  to  Zelina  Z.  Stebbins, 
a  daughter  of  Orrin  and  Lydia  (Treat)  Stebbins.  She  was  bom  in  Eaton,  Madison 
county.  New  York,  March  11,  1829,  and  came  to  this  counfy  with  her  mother  in 
1835.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Frances  E.,  who  died 
in  childhood;  Edgar  A.,  a  resident  of  Montgomery  county;  Thomas  J.,  and  Walter 
B.,  residents  of  Middlebury  township,  and  Lettie  Z.,  who  died  in  early  youth.  Mr. 
Mitchell  and  wife  have  been  life-long  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in 
politics,  adherents  of  the  Eepublican  party.  While  a  resident  of  Charleston  town- 
ship, he  served  as  collector  and  supervisor,  has  filled  the  ofiice  of  constable  in  Mid- 
dlebury, and  has  always  taken  quite  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 

William  A.  Mitchell,  eldest  living  child  of  Edsell  and  Nancy  (Ottison) 
Mitchell,  was  born  where  he  now  resides,  in  Middlebury  township,  July  29,  1837. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead 
farm,  where  he  has  spent  his  entire  life,  with  the  exception  of  five  years,  from 
1870  to  1875,  when  he  was  operating  a  grist-mill  at  Tioga.  He  has  also  operated  the 
McClure  mill,  near  his  home,  but  has  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  farming. 
Mr.  Mitchell  has  been  twice  married.  On  March  16,  1861,  he  married  Helen  E. 
Leete,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Leete,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Cora  C,  who 
died  in  childhood;  Winfield,  a  tinsmith  in  Wellsboro,  and  Willie  E.,  at  home. 
Mrs.  Mitchell  died  February  3,  1886,  and  he  was  again  married  on  September  20, 


^y^^^f^^  ^ ^^/^'C'A-^:^^^^^^''^^'^^ 


BIOGBAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  785 


1887,  to  Anna  Prutsman,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Prutsman,  of  Middlebury  township. 
She  was  bom  July  5,  1851.  Mr.  Mitchell  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist 
church.  Politically,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  filled  the  offices  of  school  director,  con- 
stable and  township  clerk. 

Waltek  B.  Mitchell  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Feb- 
ruary 18,  1857,  a  son  of  Thomas  E.  and  Zelina  Z.  Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  Edsell 
Mitchell.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  began  for  himself  by  cultivating  rented 
farms,  but  at  the  end  of  four  years  bought  his  present  property  from  Charles  J. 
Humphrey,  which  embraces  153  acres,  located  on  Hill's  creek.  Mr.  Mitchell  was 
married  November  13,  1878,  to  Helen  White,  a  daughter  of  Waldo  White,  of  Mid- 
dlebury township,  and  has  two  children,  Nellie  E.  and  Ava  I.  In  politics,  he  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

John  Eoe,  a  native  of  Vermont,  came  from  Delaware  county.  New  York,  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1815,  and  located  on  Crooked  creek,  in  Middle- 
bury  township.  He  was  married  in  New  York  state  to  Waitie  Burdick,  who  bore 
him  seven  children,  viz:  Cornelius,  Eosanna,  Henry,  Samuel,  Mary,  Elizabeth 
and  Jonathan  B.  Mr.  Eoe  and  wife  spent  their  declining  years  in  this  county,  and 
died  on  their  homestead  in  Middlebury  township. 

CoENELiTTS  EoE,  eldest  child  of  John  Eoe,  was  bom  in  Orange  county.  New 
York,  in  1794,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  in  1833  came  to  Tioga  county  and  located 
on  the  Tioga  river,  in  Tioga  township,  where  he  found  employment  on  a  farm  for 
a  few  months.  He  then  purchased  ninety  acres  of  land  in  Middlebury  township, 
on  which  he  made  his  home  the  remaining  years  of  his  life.  He  married  Betsey 
Mills,  to  which  union  were  born  eight  children,  as  follows:  Jane,  widow  of  Jefferson 
Button,  of  West  Avon,  New  York;  James  M.,  of  Delmar  township;  Adelia  and 
Andrew  J.,  both  deceased;  John  0.  and  Thomas  E.,  of  Middlebury  township; 
Mercy  E.,  widow  of  Joseph  Haines,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  and  Marian  E.,  wife 
of  Eobert  J.  Hill,  of  Savannah,  Georgia.  Mrs.  Eoe  died  June  3,  1843,  aged  forty- 
three  years,  and  her  husband,  June  25,  1861. 

James  M.  Eoe  was  bom  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  August  18,  1832,  and 
is  the  eldest  son  of  Cornelius  Eoe,  and  grandson  of  John  Eoe.  He  was  reared  upon 
a  farm,  and  was  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He 
lived  on  the  home  farm  until  1867,  a  portion  of  which  he  had  owned  since  1855. 
In  April,  1867,  he  bought  his  present  farm  in  Delmar  township,  one  mile  and  a  half 
west  of  Wellsboro,  where  he  has  resided  up  to  the  present,  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  years  spent  in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Eoe  was  married  July  1, 1847,  to  Harriet  Paulina 
Hutchinson,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  and  Austania  (Morse)  Hutchinson.  She  was 
bom  June  29,  1836,  in  Guilford,  Chenango  county.  New  York;  came  to  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1843,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Julia  M.,  born  May  1, 
1848,  and  died  November  15,  1888;  Lewis  A.,  bom  December  33,  1849,  and  died 
November  38,  1893;  Sheldon  N.,  born  January  3,  1851,  who  resides  at  home; 
Austania  J.,  bom  April  3,  1854,  and  died  September  10,  1877;  Comelius  E.,  bom 
July  2,  1857,  married  Ida  Kizer,  January  31,  1883,  and  has  had  two  children,  Guy 
H.,  deceased,  and  Lettie  J.;  James  E.,  bom  June  8,  1863,  and  died  August  16, 
1864,  and  Byron  L.,  bom  November  13,  1864,  a  practicing  physician.  The  family 
attend  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  both  Mr.  Eoe  and  wife  are  members  of  the 

50 


786  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Patrons  of  Husbandry.    In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  a  school 
director  in  Middlebury  township  twelve  years. 

John  0.  Eoe,  a  son  of  Cornelius  Eoe,  and  grandson  of  John  Eoe,  was  bom  in 
Delaware  county.  New  York,  October  24,  1828,  and  was  five  years  old  when  his 
parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  in  Middlebury  township,  and  has  fol- 
lowed farming  and  lumbering  all  his  Hfe.  With  the  exception  of  eighteen  months 
spent  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  he  has  resided  upon  his  present  farm,  a  portion  of 
which  belonged  to  the  old  homestead,  since  his  marriage.  On  March  12,  1864,  he 
married  Mrs.  Ann  Eliza  Deeper,  a  daughter  of  Sands  Springer.  She  was  bom 
March  24, 1834.  They  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Mr.  Roe 
is  connected  with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.    Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 

Thomas  E.  Roe,  son  of  Cornelius  and  Betsey  Eoe,  was  bom  in  Orange  county, 
New  York,  September  30,  1832,  and  was  about  one  year  old  when  his  parents  came 
to  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  in  Middlebury  township,  and 
has  lived  upon  the  same  place  since  early  boyhood.  He  spent  three  years  in  Oregon, 
from  September,  1891,  where  he  owns  400  acres  of  timber  land.  For  some  years 
he  has  been  engaged  in  selling  wagons  and  farm  implements,  when  not  pursuing 
his  farm  duties.  On  January  13,  1854,  he  married  Hannah  Gee,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Gee.  She  was  bom  April  30,  1838,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine  children,  viz: 
John  C,  who  is  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  in  Oregon;  Fred  S.,  deceased; 
Clark  E.,  a  carpenter  and  mill  man;  Thomas  A.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  thirty; 
Amos,  who  died  in  infancy;  Joseph  W.,  a  furniture  dealer  and  undertaker  at 
Keeneyville;  Anna  M.,  wife  of  "Wallace  W.  Caskey,  of  Oregon;  Hannah  G.,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  fourteen,  and  Mildred,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roe  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  he  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 
In  politics,  a  Republican,  he  has  filled  the  ofiice  of  township  supervisor  fourteen 
years. 

James  Bryant  was  born  in  Steuben  county,  New  York,  December  31,  1799, 
and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  in  the  year  1800.  Here  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  became  quite  a  successful  farmer,  owning  several  hundred  acres  of  land 
in  Middlebury  township.  On  October  24,  1824,  he  married  Mary  Rattze,  who  was 
bom  in  Tioga  county,  November  20,  1806,  and  became  the  mother  of  the  fallowing 
children:  Hiram,  deceased;  Ephraim  J.,  who  died  in  a  rebel  prison  during  the  Ci-vil 
War;  Jabez  Z.,  a  farmer  in  the  west,  and  Mary  D.,  deceased.  Mr.  Bryant  died  on 
July  3,  1857.    His  wife  survived  him  thirty-two  years,  dying  August  27, 1889. 

Hiram  Bryant,  eldest  son  of  James  and  Mary  Bryant,  was  bom  in  Middle- 
bury township,  Tioga  county,  June  24, 1825,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  obtained  a 
common  school  education.  Mr.  Bryant  was  married  three  times.  In  1848  he 
married  Jane  Smith,  who  died  soon  after  without  issue.  He  was  again  married  May 
6,  1854,  at  Canton,  Bradford  county,  to  Cordelia  Packard,  a  daughter  of  Silas 
Packard.  She  was  bom  in  Bradford  county,  October  10,  1833,  and  became  the 
mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Herman  F.,  James  E.,  Niles  E.,  Rose  B.,  wife  of  Parshall 
E.  Wilcox;  Millie  A.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  John  M.  The  five 
surviving  children  are  residents  of  Middlebury  township.  Mrs.  Bryant  died  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1881.  His  third  wife  was  Sophia  Scofield,  nee  Beach.  Mr.  Bryant  died 
April  19,  1892.    His  widow  resides  in  Middlebury  township. 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  787 


James  E.  BeyanTj  second  son  of  Hiram  Bryant,  and  grandson  of  James  Bryant, 
was  bom  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  November 
17,  1857.  When  fifteen  years  old  he  began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand,  which  he 
continued  until  his  twenty-fourth  year.  He  then  rented  a  place  in  Farmington 
township,  and  at  the  end  of  one  year  bought  out  the  other  heirs  to  the  old  home- 
stead, and  now  owns  150  acres  of  well-improved  land.  On  November  13,  1881,  he 
married  Alice  0.  Mies,  a  daughter  of  Wallace  Niles,  of  Middlebury  township,  and 
has  two  children,  Olaf  Gr.  and  Alaf  G.  Mrs.  Bryant  was  a  member  of  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  church.  She  died  June  29,  1895.  Mr.  Bryant  is  a  member  of  the  K.  0.  T. 
M.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

NiLES  Emmee  Bbtant,  third  son  of  Hiram  Bryant,  was  born  in  Middlebury 
township,  Tioga  county,  June  33, 1859.  He  worked  at  home  until  twenty-two  years 
of  age,  and  then  found  employment  in  the  lumber  woods.  In  the  spring  of  1885  he 
bought  his  present  farm  of  213  acres,  a  short  distance  north  of  Holiday,  upon  which 
he  has  since  lived.  On  September  16,  1885,  he  married  EUa  Archer,  a  daughter  of 
William  Archer,  of  Middlebury  township,  and  had  one  son,  who  died  in  infancy. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bryant  are  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  also  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry.    In  politics,  he  supports  the  Eepublican  party. 

Ekastus  Niles,  Sk.,  third  son  of  Nathan  and  Irene  Mies,  was  bom  in  Connec- 
ticut, November  5,  1787,  and  was  about  nine  years  old  when  the  family  came  to 
Tioga  county.  He  remained  with  his  parents  in  Tioga  township  up  to  1820,  when 
he  and  his  brother  Aaron  located  in  Middlebury  township,  purchasing  a  part  of  the 
original  Strawbridge  warrant.  He  at  once  began  the  work  of  clearing  and  improv- 
ing his  land,  which  is  now  owned  by  his  son,  Erastus  M.  He  married  Permelia 
Ferry,  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Ferry,  a  pioneer  of  Tioga  township,  who  bore  him  a 
family  of  seven  children,  viz:  Aurilla,  widow  of  Nathan  T.  West,  of  Middlebury;  Mary, 
wife  of  Philander  West,  of  the  same  township;  Erasmus  W.,  deceased;  Nathan  H., 
of  Charleston  township;  Elvira,  deceased  wife  of  Harrison  Combs;  Cordelia,  de- 
ceased wife  of  Eichard  M.  Kinney,  and  Annetta,  wife  of  Green  Smith,  of  Middlebuiy. 
Mrs.  Mies  died  in  1837,  and  he  was  again  married,  to  Mrs.  Austania  Hutchinson, 
nee  Morse,  who  became  the  mother  of  four  children,  as  follows:  James  Homer,  of 
Middlebury;  Helen  D.,  wife  of  D.  P.  Herrington,  of  Charleston;  Dora,  deceased 
wife  of  Harrison  Combs,  and  Erastus  M.,  of  Middlebury.  Mr.  Mies  died  on  his 
farm  in  Middlebury  township,  July  24,  1877,  in  the  ninetieth  year  of  his  age. 

James  Homee  Niles,  eldest  child  of  Erastus  and  Austania  Mies,  was  bom  at 
Mies  Valley,  Tioga  county,  January  7, 1839.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead,  and 
remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty  years  of  age,  when  he  began  in  life  for  him- 
self. For  a  short  time  he  worked  as  a  teamster  at  Niles  Valley,  and  later  followed 
the  same  business  at  Salamanca,  New  York.  Eetuming  home,  he  went  to  Virginia 
in  1860,  where  he  found  employment  as  a  railroad  brakesman  for  six  months.  He 
again  came  home,  but  soon  after  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  entered  the  govern- 
ment service  as  a  member  of  a  construction  corps,  and  was  sent  to  Tennessee,  and 
later  to  Atlanta,  Georgia.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  the 
following  spring  located  on  his  present  farm,  then  owned  by  his  father.  Here  he 
erected  a  log  house  and  followed  farming  one  year.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  moved 
to  Niles  Valley,  bought  a  home  and  worked  as  a  millwright  for  fifteen  years  at  that 


788  HiSTOET  or  tioga  county. 

point.  In  1880,  his  father  having  previously  died  and  left  him  his  present  home- 
stead, he  sold  his  property  in  Niles  Valley  and  located  on  the  farm,  where  he  erected 
a  fine  residence  in  1882.  Mr.  Niles  was  married  March  5,  1865,  to  Emily  L.  Bene- 
dict, a  daughter  of  Marcus  Benedict,  of  Eichmond  township.  She  was  bom  August 
23,  1842,  and  has  one  daughter,  Clara  A.,  wife  of  W.  W.  Stevens,  of  Parmington. 
The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  ad- 
herents of  the  Democratic  party.  Mr.  Niles  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  one 
term,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Eeastus  M.  Niles,  youngest  child  of  Erastus  and  Austania  Niles  was  bom  on 
his  present  homestead,  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  March  8,  1846.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  culti- 
vating the  home  farm  at  Niles  Valley,  which  embraces  130  acres  of  well-improved 
land.  He  married  Jane  Prench,  a  daughter  of  Moses  Prench,  of  Middlebury  tovm- 
ship,  and  has  two  children,  Marion  P.  and  Angle.  Politically,  Mr.  Niles  is  a  stanch 
Democrat,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Erasmus  W.  Niles,  eldest  son  of  Erastus  Niles,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Niles  Valley, 
Middlebury  township,  in  May,  1827,  and  followed  farming  and  lumbering  all  his  life. 
He  was  well  known  among  the  lumbermen  of  Tioga  county,  and  did  a  great  deal  of 
rafting  down  the  Susquehanna  river.  In  1851  he  married  Catherine  Backus,  of 
Charleston  township,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Erastus,  of  Charleston; 
Parmelia  Alvaretta,  wife  of  Eeuben  Maynard,  of  Elk  township;  Annetta  Louisa, 
wife  of  George  Jackson,  of  Middlebury;  Almeda,  wife  of  H.  T.  Eoe,  of  the  same 
township;  Nathan  B.,  deceased;  Alice  Aurilla,  wife  of  Edie  Bryant,  of  Middlebury; 
Catherine,  wife  of  J.  E.  Jackson,  also  a  resident  of  Middlebury;  Wallace  L.,  of 
Chatham;  Emma  E.,  deceased,  and  Geary,  who  resides  in  Middlebury.  Mr.  Niles 
died  April  9,  1871,  and  his  wife,  November  23,  1893.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican, 
he  served  as  supervisor  of  Middlebury  township  fourteen  terms. 

Eeastus  Niles,  eldest  child  of  Erasmus  "W.  Niles,  was  bom  on  the  homestead 
in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  Pebruary  20,  1853,  and  has  always  followed 
farming  and  lumbering.  He  removed  from  his  native  township  to  Charleston  town- 
ship, where  he  purchased  his  present  farm.  On  March  3,  1882,  he  married  Ella 
Guerin,  a  daughter  of  Edward  Guerin,  of  Charleston,  who  has  borne  him  three 
children:  Harry  E.,  Nathan  L.,  deceased,  and  James  Erastus.  Mr.  Niles  is  a  Ee- 
publican, and  is  now  serving  on  the  school  board.  He  is  also  connected  with  the 
I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

SoLOMOisr  Westbeook  was  born  in  Chemung  county,  New  York,  March  1, 
1795,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  served  in  the  War  of  1813.  A  few  years  later  he 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm  on  the  Cowanesque 
river,  some  three  miles  west  of  Lawrenceville,  in  Lawrence  township.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  sold  this  and  removed  to  Middlebury  township,  where  he  bought 
seventy-five  acres  of  land  near  Holiday.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  August  1, 
1863.  He  was  married  at  Tioga,  in  1823,  to  Betsey  E.  Prutsman,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
and  Mary  Pmtsman,  who  came  from  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  to  Tioga  county  in  the 
fall  of  1804.  She  was  bom  near  Easton,  March  3,  1803,  and  by  her  marriage  to 
Solomon  Westbrook  became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Mary,  born  March 
30,  1824,  and  died  July  2,  1835;  John  A.,  born  Pebruary  10,  1826,  who  resides  in 


BIOGKAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  789 


Middlebury  township;  Albert  H.,  bom  May  8,  1828,  and  died  ia  1883;  William  J., 
bom  August  13, 1830,  and  died  in  1878;  Jacob  H.,  bom  October  18,  1832,  a  farmer 
of  Tioga  township;  Theresa  A.,  bom  July  27,  1834,  wife  of  George  Stevens,  of 
Galeton,  and  Abram  L.,  a  resident  of  Middlebury  township.  Mrs.  Westbrook  died 
on  March  3, 1883. 

Abeam  L.  Westbeook,  youngest  child  of  Solomon  Westbrook,  was  bom  in 
Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  October  18,  1836.  He  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  remained  at  home  until  his  father's  death.  He  then  bought* 
.  out  the  other  heirs  and  became  the  owner  of  the  old  homestead.  He  subsequently 
purchased  135  acres  adjoining,  and  later  a  farm  of  130  acres,  a  short  distance  north 
of  the  home  farm,  upon  which  he  resides,  but  cultivates  both  places.  Mr.  West- 
brook was  married  in  1875,  to  Miss  Mary  Harris,  who  bore  him  one  son.  Boy  S. 
Mrs.  Westbrook  died  in  1877.  Mr.  Westbrook  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican.  By  rigid  industry  and  close  attention  to  his 
business,  he  has  accumulated  through  the  passing  years  a  large  property,  and  is 
to-day  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Thomas  Leete  was  born  in  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1790,  and  was 
a  sailor  in  early  life.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  early  in  the  present  century,  and 
located  on  a  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  100- 
acre  tract,  on  which  he  resided  up  to  his  death.  He  possessed  a  good  education, 
and  a  fair  knowledge  of  surveying,  which  business  he  followed  for  many  years.  His 
wife,  Sallie,  was  a  daughter  of  Sala  Cole,  and  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Fannie  M., 
wife  of  James  McWhorter,  of  Middlebury;  Alfred  and  Clark,  both  farmers  of  that 
township;  Orpha,  wife  of  A.  B.  Eundall,  of  Mansfield;  Katharine,  deceased  wife  of 
Waldo  White,  and  Helen  E.,  deceased  wife  of  William  A.  Mitchell.  Mr.  Leete  died 
April  38,  1868,  and  his  wife,  N'ovember  3,  1876,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Claek  Leete  was  bom  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  March  25,  1837, 
a  son  of  Thomas  Leete.  He  obtained  a  limited  education  in  the  district  schools  of 
his  native  township,  entering  the  lumber  woods  when  he  was  sixteen  years  old, 
which  business  he  followed  for  twenty  years.  In  1872  he  purchased  the  Dunham 
farm,  which  he  traded  two  years  later  for  his  present  homestead.  In  1883  he  bought 
another  farm  of  135  acres,  northwest  of  Hammond,  and  now  cultivates  both.  On 
October  34,  1860,  he  married  Sally,  a  daughter  of  Abram  and  Catherine  (Cole) 
Adams,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  five  children,  viz:  Arthur  A.,  Albert  and 
George  W.,  all  deceased;  Frederick  H.  and  Frank  T.  Mr.  Leete  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  in  polities,  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

Elphetts  Button  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
Ifaving  located  in  Middlebury  township  about  1830.  He  wa«  bom  Febmary  7, 
1787,  and  died  March  36,  1870,  in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  He  married 
Betsey  Hill,  to  which  union  were  bom  the  following  children:  Jehiel,  Jefferson  and 
Charles,  all  deceased;  William,  a  resident  of  Keeneyville;  Hiram,  a  farmer  of  Mid- 
dlebury township;  Ealph,  deceased;  Polly,  widow  of  P.  Y.  Houghtaling;  Harvey, 
a  retired  farmer;  Henry,  Alonzo  and  Melissa,  all  of  whom  are  dead,  and  Miles,  a 
resident  of  Homellsville,  New  York.  Mrs.  Button  died  March  30,  1869,  aged  eighty 
years. 

Haevet  Button-  was  bom  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  19,  1827, 
eighth  child  of  Elpheus  and  Betsey  Button.     He  attended  the  pioneer  schools  of  his 


790  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


neighborhood,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  farming,  which  he  followed  until  1890. 
He  then  sold  his  farm  to  his  son,  Charley  B.,  and  now  lives  with  his  son,  Ellis  P., 
in  Chatham  township.  He  married  Emily  Hamm,  in  1853,  and  has  three  children, 
viz:  Marshall,  of  Chatham  township;  Charley  B.,  of  Middlebury,  and  Ellis  P.,  a  resi- 
dent of  Chatham.    Mrs.  Button  died  on  June  21,  1889,  in  her  fifty-eighth  year. 

Chaeley  B.  Button,  a  son  of  Harvey  Button,  and  grandson  of  Elpheus  Button, 
was  bom  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  August  36,  1859.  He  worked  on 
the  home  farm  until  his  twenty-fourth  year,  and  then  found  employment  in  the 
Mies  Valley  tannery  four  years.  He  later  followed  lumbering  one  year,  and  in 
March,  1890,  purchased  the  old  homestead  of  eighty  acres  from  his  father.  He  cul- 
tivated this  farm  two  years,  and  then  went  to  Newark,  New  Jersey,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed for  two  years  in  a  retail  grain  and  feed  store.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he 
returned  to  his  farm  in  Middlebury,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agri- 
culture. On  July  21,  1883,  Mr.  Button  married  Helen  L.  Brown,  a  daughter  of 
Orlando  and  Jane  A.  (Marvin)  Brown.  Her  father  was  bom  in  Tompkins  county, 
New  York,  in  1839,  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1853,  and  followed  stationary  en- 
gineering and  farming  to  the  time  of  his  death.  Her  mother  reared  three  children, 
viz:  Helen  L.,  Lillie  A.,  wife  of  E.  B.  Chambers,  of  Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  H. 
Arthur,  the  last  of  whom  resides  with  his  mother  in  Middlebury  township.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Button  has  been  bom  one  child.  Alma  L.,  who  died  in  infancy.  They  have 
an  adopted  son,  George  H.  White,  b6m  April  6,  1884.  They  axe  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of  the  K.  &  L.  0.  T.  M.  Mr.  Button  is  also 
connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  P.  of  H.,  and  in  politics,  a  supporter  of  the 
Eepublican  party. 

S.ALA  Cole  was  born  in  Windham,  Vermont,  there  grew  to  manhood  and  mar- 
ried Sallie  Stevens,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  maturity, 
viz:  Heber,  Maria,  Adaline,  Sallie>  Catherine  and  A.  Clark.  In  the  summer  of 
1834  the  family  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Hammond,  in  Middlebury  township.  Here  Mr.  Cole  and  wife  passed  the  remain- 
ing years  of  their  lives. 

Heber  Cole,  eldest  child  of  Sala  and  Sallie  Cole,  was  bom  in  Windham,  Ver- 
mont, September  13,  1803,  there  grew  to  maturity,  and  in  February,  1834,  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  preceding  the  other  members  of  the  family  a  few 
months.  He  worked  three  years  for  fifty  acres  of  timber  land,  on  which  he  located, 
clearing  and  improving  what  is  now  known  as  the  Cole  homestead.  On  April  17, 
1836,  he  married  Louisa  Stevens,  a  daughter  of  Martin  and  Polly  Stevens.  She 
was  bom  in  Vermont,  May  13,  1813,  and  became  the  mother  of  six  children,  viz: 
Celestia  M.,  bom  February  9,  1837,  and  died  August  35,  1858;  George  L.,  born 
December  25,  1838,  a  farmer  in  Middlebury;  Oscar  E.,  born  May  10,  1841,  and 
died  May  5,  1864;  Katie,  who  died  in  infancy;  Eveline  S.,  born  July  2,  1843,  and 
died  November  14,  1848,  and  Delia  E.,  born  August  8,  1849,  wife  of  W.  D.  Sim- 
mons, of  Middlebury  township.  Mrs.  Cole  died  on  November  17,  1863,  and  April 
16,  1865,  he  married  Mrs.  Charlotte  Welch.  Mr.  Cole  followed  farming  all  his  life, 
and  died  on  his  farm  in  Middlebury,  August  24,  1891.  His  widow  resides  in  Tioga. 
In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  was  collector  of  the  township  in  1840,  and  was  a  liberal, 
active  and  successful  man. 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  791 


Geoege  L.  Cole  was  born  on  his  present  farm  at  Hammond,  in  Middlebury 
township,  Tioga  county,  December  35,  1838,  obtained  a  common  school  education, 
and  has  always  followed  farming.  June  4,  1864,  he  married  Laura  A.  White,  a 
daughter  of  George  White,  of  Farmington  township,  to  which  union  have  been 
bom  three  children,  viz:  Oscar  E.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  Celestia  M.,  and  Katie 
L.,  both  of  whom  died  in  1884.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  are  members  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  at  Hammond,  in  which  he  fills  the  office  of  deacon.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Eepublican.  He  owns  a  farm  of  130  acres  one  mile  north  of  the  old  homestead,- 
which  is  cultivated  by  his  son,  and  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  his  native 
township. 

Ebbnezek  Feeey,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  whose  ancestors  came  from  Eng- 
land to  America  at  an  early  day,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  served  in  the  Wax  of  1812,  from  Massachusetts,  and  in  1818  purchased 
a  farm  near  Tioga,  in  Tioga  township,  where  he  resided  up  to'  1839.  He  then  sold  his 
farm  and  removed  to  Charleston  township,  where  he  and  wife  both  died  at  a  ripe 
old  age.  He  married  a  Miss  Bruce,  of  Massachusetts,  and  they  were  the  parents  of 
seven  children,  all  of  whom  axe  dead,  viz:  Yalona,  Permelia,  Louisa,  Fidelia,  Sally, 
Chauncey  and  Charles. 

Chauncet  Feeey  was  bom  in  Massachusetts,  April  3,  1800,  ajid  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Ebenezer  Ferry.  He  was  eighteen  years  old  when  the  family  came 
to  Tioga  county,  and  having  received  a  good  education  in  his  native  State,  fol- 
lowed school  teaching  in  this  county  for  several  yeaxs.  He  later  purchased  a  farm 
in  Sullivan  township,  cultivated  it  for  a  few  years,  and  then  sold  out  and  bought 
one  in  Middlebury  township.  Soon  after  he  sold  this  also  and  purchased  a  property 
in  Tioga  township,  whence  he  removed  into  Charleston  township,  where  he  bonght 
quite  a  large  tract  of  land.  His  wife,  Stella,  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Van  Gorder, 
of  Lawrence  township,  and  bore  him  a  family  of  eight  children,  viz:  Catherine, 
deceased  wife  of  Alfred  Sehieflelin;  Charles  D.,  a  farmer  of  Charleston;  Sarah,  wife 
of  James  Mack,  of  Elmira,  New  York;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  George  Kohler; 
Eobert  B.,  of  Middlebury;  Hannah,  wife  of  Dennis  Gorsline,  of  Kansas;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Theodore  Wright,  of  Philadelphia,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  The 
parents  spent  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives  in  Charleston  township,  botii  dying 
on  the  old  homestead. 

EoBEET  Betjce  Fbeey  wbs  bom  near  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  August  8,  1838, 
youngest  son  of  Chauncey  Ferry.  He  worked  at  home  until  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
and  then  found  employment  in  the  lumber  woods  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war.  On  September  17,  1861,  he  enlisted  at  Wellsboro,  in  Company  L,  Second 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  in  many  of  the  fiercest  battles  of  the  war,  such  as 
Standaxdville,  Rappahannock  Station,  Second  Bull  Eun,  Brandy  Station,  German- 
town,  Gettysburg,  Aldee,  Middleburgh,  Mine  Eun,  Wilderness,  Siege  of  Peters- 
burg, etc.  His  horse  was  shot  from  under  him  June  23, 18G3,  near  Middleburgh,  and 
he  was  severely  injured  by  the  fall.  He  was  successively  promoted  to  first  duty 
sergeant,  orderly  sergeant,  second  lieutenant,  and  captain.  In  the  spring  of  1863 
he  was  detaailed  as  guide  for  the  Seventh  Michigan  Cavalry,  and  was  discharged  at 
Brandy  Station,  December  16,  1863.  He  re-enlisted  the  following  day  in  his  old 
company,  and  served  until  mustered  out,,  Jime  26,  1865.     Eeturning  to  his  home  in 


792  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Tioga  county,  he  cultivated  a  rented  farm  for  a  short  time,  and  then  bought  one  on 
Losey  creek,  in  Middlebury  township.  After  living  upon  it  three  yeaj^,  he  sold  it 
and  purchased  a  farm  in  Eiehmond  township,  which  he  cultivated  four  years. 
Selling  out  he  went  to  Kansas,  but  returned  to  this  county  at  the  end  of  a  year, 
and  worked  rented  farms  for  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of  1890  he  bought  his 
present  home  at  Mies  Valley,  where  he  makes  a  specialty  of  tobacco  growing.  Mr. 
Ferry  was  married  February  1,  1866,  to  Flora  Wilson,  a  daughter  of  Luther  and 
Amarett  (Upton)  "Wilson.  She  was  born  at  Stoddard,  New  Hampshire,  April  28, 
1841,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Leon  B.,  an  attorney  at  Wellsboro;  Ealph  W.,  a 
medical  student,  and  Clive  C.  The  family  attend  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  in  polities  support  the  Republican  party.  Mr.  Ferry  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of 
H.,  and  the  G.  A.  E. 

Reuben  Towee  Palmee  was  bom  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1814, 
a  son  of  Abram  and  Hannah  Palmer.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Vermont,  whence 
he  removed  to  Bradford  county  at  an  early  day,  coming  to  Tioga  county  about  1830 
and  locating  on  a  faim  in  Middlebury  township,  where  both  he  and  wife  died.  They 
were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  Eeuben  T.  being  the  eighth  in  the  family. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  first  came  to  Tioga  county  in  boyhood  to  bum  char- 
coal. In  1835  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  and  henceforth  de- 
voted his  attention  to  agriculture.  He  subsequently  mairied  Mary  Ayres,  a  daughter 
of  Marcus  Ayres,  of  Bradford  county,  lived  in  that  county  for  a  short  period,  and 
then  took  up  his  residence  on  his  farm  in  Middlebiiry.  Nine  children  were  bom  to 
Eeuben  T.  and  Mary  Palmer,  as  follows:  Otis  G.,  a  resident  of  Michigan;  Chauncey 
King,  deceased;  Addie,  wife  of  William  Carr,  of  Michigan;  Delila,  deceased  wife  of 
William  Holt;  Emma,  wife  of  James  Shutter,  of  Tioga  township;  Hannah,  de- 
ceased; Alzuma,  wife  of  Silas  Holt,  of  Canton,  New  York;  Lueian  B.,  of  Farming- 
ton  township,  and  Laura,  wife  of  Orson  Daggett.  Mr.  Palmer  died  March  31,  1898. 
His  widow  is  in  her  eightieth  year,  having  been  born  September  11,  1817. 

Chauncey  King  Palmer,  second  son  of  Eeuben  T.  Palmer,  and  grandson  of 
Abram  Palmer,  was  bom  in  Granville,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  December 
13,  1840.  He  was  reaped  in  Middlebury  township,  obtained  a  common  school  edu- 
cation, and  when  eighteen  years  old  went  into  the  lumber  woods  as  a  teamster.  He 
was  later  employed  as  a  farm  hand  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  April  32, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Eeeerve,  imder  Capt.  Julius 
Sherwood,  and  participated  in.  the  following  battles:  Ball's  BlufE,  Drainsville, 
Seven  Days  Fight  before  Eiehmond,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg, 
Second  Bull  Eun,  and  Gettysburg.  He  was  wounded  at  Antietaotn,  and  was  finally 
discharged  at  Washington,  D.  C,  July  28,  1864.  Eetuming  home  he  was  unable 
to  work  for  two' years  because  of  sickness  contracted  in  the  army.  In  May,  1875, 
he  purchased  a  farm  of  115  acres,  northeast  of  Keeneyville,  on  which  he  resided 
until  his  death,  November  30,  1896.  Mr.  Palmer  was  married  May  10,  1881,  to 
Jane  Cloos,  a  daughter  of  Newbury  Cloos,  Jr.,  of  Middlebury  township,  and  left 
one  son,  Harry  N.  Politically,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  zealous 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  was  also  a  member  of  Alfred 
Toles  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  and  of  Middlebury  Grange,  and  was  highly  respected  by  the 
community  in  which  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  was  spent. 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SEETCHES.  793 


Maetin  Stevens  was  born  in  Warwick,  Franklin  county,  Massachusetts,  Sep- 
tember 8,  IT're.  His  father,  Martin  Stevens,  came  with  two  brothers  from  England 
to  America  prior  to  the  Eevolution  and  located  in  Ehode  Island,  whence  he  re- 
moved to  Massachusetts.  His  mother,  Deborah,  was  a  native  of  the  latter  State, 
where  she  met  and  married  Martin  Stevens,  Sr.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  followed 
milling  in  his  native  State,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1837, 
locating  on  a  farm  a  short  distance  above  Tioga  village.  Three  years  later  he  re- 
moved to  Middlebury  township,  and  purchased  a  portion  of  the  present  Stevens 
farm,  to  which  he  subsequently  added  by  purchase.  He  was  married  in  1798,  to 
Polly  Gale,  a  native  of  Warwick,  Massachusetts,  born  February  18,  1777.  Eleven 
children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  Emory,  Polly,  Sally,  MeUnda,  Martin,  Abram, 
Louisa,  Daniel  G.,  Ezra  I.,  Alvira  M.  and  Clarissa  P.,  all  of  whom  axe  dead  except 
Alvira  M.,  widow  of  Dr.  Joel  Rose.  The  parents  died  upon  the  old  homestead  in 
Middlebury  township. 

Daniel  G.  Stevens  was  bom  in  Townsend,  Windham  county,  Vermont,  July 
10,  1816,  son  of  Martin  Stevens,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  when 
about  eleven  years  old.  He  received  a  good  common  school  education,  and  fol- 
lowed teaching  for  a  time.  He  worked  upon  the  home  farm  for  some  years,  and 
later  engaged  extensively  in  lumbering,  but  in  later  life  became  a  farmer.  He  was 
a  good  business  man,  and  was  fairly  successful.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  filled 
all  of  the  township  offices  at  different  periods,  and  served  one  term  as  county  com- 
missioner. He  was  also  a  very  active  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  a 
stockholder  in  the  Wellsboro  and  Tioga  plank  road.  Mr.  Stevens  was  married  Octo- 
ber 9, 1845,  to  Eveline  Dunham,  of  Albany,  'New  York,  bom  January  15, 1820.  Five 
children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Horace  L.,  of  Middlebury;  Clara  M., 
widow  of  J.  0.  W.  Bailey,  of  Mansfield;  Walter  B.-,  and  Adele  L.,  both  of  whom  died 
in  early  youth,  and  Ada  B.,  wife  of  John  A.  McLean,  of  Hammond.  Mr.  Stevens 
died  on  May  28,  1875,  and  his  wife,  September  13,  1895.    ' 

Hoeace  Leeoy  Stevens,  oldest  child  of  Daniel  G.  Stevens,  was  born  on  his 
present  farm  ia  Middlebury  township,  December  19,  1847.  After  attending  the 
district  schools  of  his  native  township,  he  entered  the  State  Normal  School  of 
Mansfield,  and  later  Clinton  Liberal  Institute,  Clinton,  New  York.  He  has  always 
remained  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  at  his  father's  death  purchased  the  interest  of 
the  other  heirs.  This  farm  origiually  embraced  520  acres,  of  which  he  has  since 
sold  290  acres.  At  one  time  he  devoted  his  attention  to  hop  growing,  but  it  proved 
a  failure,  and  he  has  since  been  engaged  quite  extensively  in  lumbering  and  tobacco 
growing.  On  December  35,  1871,  he  married  Augusta  N.  Bailey,  a  daughter  of 
Cephas  and  CaroHne  (Wright)  Bailey.  She  was  bom  in  Peru,  Vermont,  November 
12, 1851,  and  has  three  children,  Grace  M.,  Daniel  G.  and  Ezra  B.  Mr.  Stevens  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Universalist  church,  and  he  is  also  connected  with  the  I. 
0.  0.  F.  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies.  In  politics,  a  Republican,  he  has  been  a  school 
director  for  eleven  years,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Joseph  E.  Lyon  was  born  in  Chemung  county,  New  York,  in  1810,  a  son  of 
Augustus  and  Mary  (Bennett)  Lyon,  natives  of  Massachusetts,  who  came  from  New- 
York  state  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831,  and  purchased  a  farm  at  Niles 
Valley,  where  the  parents  passed  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives.     He  obtained 


794  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

a  good  education,  and  followed  the  profession  of  a  teacher  many  years.  He  came  to 
Tioga  county  with  his  parents,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  taught  in  the  district 
schools  of  the  neighborhood,  and  also  assisted  in  cultivating  the  home  farm.  After 
his  father's  death  his  mother  sold  the  farm  at  Niles  Valley  and  purchased  the  present 
Lyon  farm,  which  at  her  death  became  the  property  of  the  sons  of  Joseph  E.  Lyon 
by  the  will  of  their  grandmother.  Here  he  continued  to  follow  agricultural  pur- 
siiits  up  to  his  death,  January  6,  1888.  He  married  Martha  Ives,  a  daughter  of 
Eoswell  Ives,  of  Middlebury,  to  which  marriage  were  bom  eight  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Augustus,  who  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  was  captiired  and  died  of  starvation  in  Salisbury  prison,North 
Carolina;  Mary,  widow  of  Delan  Catlin,  of  Charleston  township;  Henry,  and  Abram, 
both  residents  of  Middlebury;  Sarah,  wife  of  Lorenzo  Catlin,  of  the  same  township; 
John,  who  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  died  of  starvation  in  Salisbury  prison;  Lydia,  wife  of  Orlando  Jones, 
of  Charleston,  and  Bennett,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Mrs.  Lyon  died  in  1863. 
Mr.  Lyon  was  a  well-known  farmer  of  Middlebury,  and  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
public  schools  of  the  township,  filling  the  ofiice  of  school  director  many  years. 

Abeam  Lyon  was  bom  at  Niles  Valley,  Tioga  county,  March,  14,  1839,  a  son 
of  Joseph  E.  Lyon.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
when  he  began  for  himself  by  working  in  the  lumber  woods  of  his  native  county. 
On  April  33, 1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Eeserve,  being  the 
first  man  to  enlist  in  Mies  Valley.  He  served  in  the  battle  of  Drainsville,  and  was 
then  taken  sick,  and  spent  a  long  period  in  the  hospital.  He  was  discharged  in  the 
autumn  of  1863,  and  returned  home  to  regain  his  health.  The  following  summer 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, and  took  part  in  the  battles-  of  the  Mines,  Weldon  Eailroad,  and  Petersburg. 
He  was  discharged  at  Harrisburg,  in  September,  1865,  and  returned  to  his  home  in 
Middlebury,  where  he  continued  to  work  on  his  farm  until  his  father's  death.  He 
purchased  the  interest  of  the  other  heirs,  and  thus  became  sole  owner  of  the  old 
homestead.  On  September  13,  1873,  Mr.  Lyon  married  Almira  Adamy,  a  daughter 
of  Sylvester  E.  and  Eoxina  (Brovra)  Adamy,  natives  of  New  York.  She  was  the 
second  in  a  family  of  eight  children,  and  was  bom  January  16,  1854.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lyon  have  been  bom  two  children,  viz:  John  J.  and  Bertha  E.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Ee- 
publican  party.  Mr.  Lyon  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  one  of  the  well-known 
citizens  of  his  native  township. 

Andeew  Holiday,  a  native  of  Ireland,  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  prior  to 
the  Eevolution,  and  finally  settled  at  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  coimty,  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Continental  army,  and  did  good  service  for  his  adopted  coun- 
try. He  was  twice  married,  and  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  two  by  the  first 
marriage,  and  seven  by  the  second.  About  1800  he  came  with  his  son,  Daniel  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  at  Lawrenceville.  He  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Troupsburg,  New  York,  but  later  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  at 
Elkland,  where  he  died  and  was  buried. 

Daniel  Holiday,  Se.,  son  of  Andrew  HoHday,  was  bom  at  Stroudsbiirg,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  father  about  1800.     With  the  exception 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  795 


of  a  short  time  spent  at  Troupsburg,  New  York,  he  resided  in  this  county  up  to  his 
death,  dying  at  the  home  of  his  son,  Daniel,  at  Holiday,  Middlebury  township,  in 
1855.  He  married  Ehoda  Searls,  of  WoodhuU,  New  York,  who  bore  him  eleven 
children,  viz:  John,  deceased;  Daniel,  a  resident  of  Holiday;  Margaret,  Lavina, 
Timothy  and  Amos,  all  of  whom  ai-e  dead;  Catherine,  wife  of  Ambrose  Ives,  of 
'IVoupsbiirg;  Mary,  wife  of  Daniel  White,  of  Holiday;  Samuel  S.,  a  resident  of 
Marsh  Creek;  Ehoda,  and  Thomas,  both  deceased.  Mrs.  Holiday  died  upon  the 
old  homestead. 

Daniel  Holiday,  oldest  living  child  of  Daniel  Holiday,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Elk- 
land  township,  Tioga  county,  September  26, 1810.  When  twelve  years  old  he  began 
working  out  as  a  farm  hand,  later  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  came  to  Holiday, 
Middlebury  township,  in  1833,  where  he  conducted  a  hotel  for  fifteen  years.  He 
was  then  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  which  ofSce  he  filled  continuously  for  forty 
years,  and  also  served  as  a  notary  public  six  years.  He  carried  on  a  general  store 
five  years,  and  conducted  a  farm  during  the  whole  time,  finally  retiring  about  1876. 
Mr.  Holiday  married  Alvira  Keeney,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Keeney,  who  bore  him 
the  following  children,  viz:  Byron  B.,  a  merchant  of  Blmira;  Van  Buren  B.,  sta- 
tion agent  at  Holiday;  Delos,  a  farmer  at  Marsh  Creek;  Milford,  deceased;  Milton  G., 
who  was  killed  in  the  Eebellion;  Darius,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro;  Helen,  deceased 
wife  of  Porter  Blanchard,  and  Haletus  P.  His  second  wife  was  Euth  A.,  a  daughter 
of  I.  P.  Keeney,  who  became  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Viola,  deceased; 
Mary,  wife  of  Samuel  Putnam,  of  Covington;  Addie,  wife  of  Samuel  Maxwell,  of 
Corning,  and  Claude  M.,  also  a  resident  of  Corning.  Politically,  Mr.  Holiday  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  filled  nearly  all  the  towTiship  offices  at  different  periods. 

Haletus  P.  Holiday,  youngest  child  of  Daniel  and  Elvira  Holiday,  was  born 
at  Holiday,  Tioga  county,  September  30,  1844.  When  a  week  old  he  was  taken  by 
Lavina  Cady,  a  sister  of  his  father,  and  wife  of  Calvin  Cady,  with  whom  he  lived  for 
many  years.  July  3,  1866,  he  married  Ellen  Eoot,  born  September  4,  1846,  a 
daughter  of  Isaiah  and  Sophronia  Eoot.  To  this  union  there  have  been  born  two 
children,  viz:  George  M.  and  Nettie,  wife  of  Ervin  Lewis.  He  built  a  house  on  the 
Cady  farm  and  followed  agriculture  up  to  1886,  having  bought  forty-five  acres  of 
his  father's  farm  in  1880,  and  later  144  acres  adjoining  it.  He  next  purchased  the 
hotel  property  at  Holiday,  and  conducted  the  house  for  five  years,  during  which 
time  he  also  engaged  in  selling  farm  implements.  Since  giving  up  the  hotel  business 
he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  tobacco  growing.  In  1890  the  Cady  farm  was  willed 
to  him  and  his  son,  George.  Mr.  Holiday  and  wife  are  members  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and 
he  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

John-  West,  a  native  of  Stoughton  Harbor,  Massachusetts,  born  December  2, 
1778,  was  a  son  of  John  West,  a  native  of  England.  He  was  reared  in  Vermont, 
and  subsequently  located  in  Madison  county.  New  York,  whence  he  removed  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1829.  He  engaged  quite  extensively  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  a  few  years  later  purchased  the  farm  of  the  late  Nathan  T.  West,  at 
Middlebury  Center,  where  he  died  May  3,  1853.  He  married  Polly  Holt,  to  whom 
were  born  the  following  children:  Thomas  M.,  Cynthia,  John,  Polly,  Joseph  C.  and 
Nathan  T.,  all  of  whom  are  dead;  Philander,  of  Middleburv  township,  and  Philetus, 


796  HISTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

deceased,  the  two  last  mentioned  being  twins.     Mrs.  West  survived  lier  husband  four- 
teen years,  dying  May  30, 1867,  aged  eighty-three. 

Thomas  M.  West,  oldest  child  of  John  and  Polly  West,  was  born  in  Madison 
county,  New  York,  November  7,  ]  804.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county, 
and  in  1833  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  a  farm  on  Losey 
creek,  in  Middlebury  township.  A  short  time  after  he  bought  and  moved  to  the 
farm  now  owned  by  his  son  Ira,  where  he  followed  farming  ajid  lumbering  up  to 
his  death,  February  20, 1882.  In  1826  he  married  Emily  Balch,  a  native  of  Madison 
county,  New  York,  bom  in  1809,  who  bore  him  twelve  children,  viz:  Truzilla,  de^ 
ceased;  Adaline,  wife  of  Alexander  Combs,  of  Wisconsin;  Aaron  and  Eliza,  both  de- 
ceased; Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomas  B.  Keeney;  Daniel  H.,  a  soldier  in  the  Union 
army,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight  years,  while  home  on  furlough;  Thomas 
H.,  deceased;  Orrin,  and  Ira,  farmers  of  Middlebury  township;  William  E.,  a  farmer 
and  lumberman  of  Wisconsin;  Emily,  wife  of  Gibson  Niles,  of  Delmar  township, 
and  Marian  A.,  wife  of  C.  A.  Goodwin,  of  Middelbury.  Mrs.  West  died  on  May 
30, 1881,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Iea  West  was  bom  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  October  12,  1842, 
the  ninth  child  of  Thomas  M.  and  Emily  West.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
of  his  neighborhood  and  worked  at  home  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  then 
began  working  farms  on  shares,  which  business  he  continued  up  to  1880.  In  that 
year  he  purchased  the  homestead  farm,  and  cared  for  his  parents  during  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives.  On  March  6,  1865,  Mr.  West  married  Polly  P.,  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Nathan  T.  West,  of  Middlebury  Center.  She  was  born  September  25, 
1845,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  in  Middlebury 
township,  viz:  Ploretta,  wife  of  J.  M.  Whitney;  Ada  B.,  wife  of  G.  L.  Niles;  William 
E.,  Alvira  A.,  wife  of  Walter  Ames;  Dora  M.,  Thomas  H.,  Annetta  P.,  Adrain  C.  and 
Nathan  T.  Mrs.  West  is  a  member  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  and  both  she 
and  her  husband  are  connected  with  the  P.  of  H.  In  politics,  he  is  an  independent 
voter. 

Nathan  T.  West  was  bom  in  Madison  county.  New  York,  in  1818,  and  was 
about  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents,  John  and  Polly  West,  came  to  Tioga 
county.  He  remained  on  the  home  farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  pur- 
chased the  fajm  now  owned  by  his  son,  John  E.,  then  consisting  of  103  acres  of  timber 
land.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  property,  and  made  it  his  home  until  his 
father's  death,  when  he  purchased  the  interest  of  the  other  heirs  in  the  old  home- 
stead and  located  upon  it.  He  married  Aurilla  Niles,  a  daughter  of  Erastus  Niles, 
March  23,  1838.  She  was  bom  in  Tioga  township,  March  19,  1821,  and  is  the 
mother  of  the  following  children:  Adelbert,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  John  E.,  a 
resident  of  the  same  township;  Nathan  B.,  a  stonemason  at  Keeneyville;  Polly  P., 
wife  of  Ira  West,  of  Middlebury;  Edward  W.,  of  Parmington;  Alfred  C,  who  lives 
in  Middlebury  township;  Hobart  P.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro;  Aurilla  A.,  wife  of 
George  Eeynolds,  of  Chatham,  and  Eichaxd  A.,  who  lives  near  Jamestown,  New 
York.  Mrs.  West  is  a  member  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church.  Mr.  West  died 
October  6,  1896,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  In  polities,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat, 
held  aJl  the  township  offices  at  different  periods,  and  was  one  of  the  most  substantial 
farmers  in  the  county. 


BIOGHAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  797 


Adelbeet  West,  eldest  child  of  Nathan  T.  West,  was  bom  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  October  17,  1839.  He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood, 
and  worked  on  the  home  farm  until  1863,  when  he  purchased  eighty-six  acres  of  his 
present  farm  and  settled  upon  it.  He  followed  farming  five  years,  and  then  went  to 
Warren  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  two  years.  Returning  to  his  farm 
in  Middlebury,  he  has  ever  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  eighteen  months  spent  in  Warren  county  working  for  the  Buffalo  and 
Warren  Eailroad  Company.  He  now  owns  151  acres  of  well-improved  land.  Mr. 
West  was  married  in  July,  1863,  to  Frances  Cummings,  a  daughter  of  Dwight  Cum- 
mings,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Adelbert  D.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury,  and 
Kittie,  wife  of  Frank  Pease,  of  the  same  township.  His  second  wife  was  Marian 
L.  Briggs,  a  daughter  of  William  Briggs,  of  Warren  county,  Pennsylvania,  whom  he 
married  November  33,  1867.  Four  children  have  been  bom  to  this  union,  viz: 
Leon  J.,  Loretta,  Frederick  W.  and  Eufus  B.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Free 
Will  Baptist  church,  and  Mr.  West  and  wife  are  connected  with  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry.    In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat. 

John  E.  West,  second  son  of  Nathan  T.  West,  was  bom  on  his  present  farm 
in  Middlebury  township,  August  10,  1841.  He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boy- 
hood, and  when  twenty  years  of  age  began  for  himself  by  renting  a  portion  of  the 
old  homestead  from  his  father,  which  he  continued  to  doi  for  sixteen  years.  In 
1870  he  purchased  thirty  acres  of  land  adjoining,  to  which  he  added  a  small  tract 
in  1875,  and  in  1876  bought  from  his  father  the  seventy-eight  acres  he  had  been  rent- 
ing, also  seventy-nine  acres  more,  and  in  1882  an  additional  forty  acres.  In  1888 
he  moved  to  Virginia,  purchased  a  farm  of  450  acres,  and  resided  upon  it  three  years. 
Eetuming  to  Tioga  county,  he  traded  his  "Virginia  land  for  eighty-one  acres  adjoin- 
ing his  Middlebury  farm,  and  now  owns  a  well  improved  farm  of  300  acres  all  in  one 
body.  September  37,  1860,  Mr.  West  married  Martha  Wormer,  of  Chatham  town- 
ship, who  bore  him  one  son,  Nathan  T.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury.  Mrs.  West  died 
May  14, 1865,  aged  twenty-four  years.  Mr.  West  was  again  married  July  4, 1865,  to 
Olive  I.  Croft,  a  daughter  of  John  M.  Croft,  of  Chatham  township.  She  was  bom 
October  26, 1847,  and  has  had  four  children,  viz:  Minnie,  wife  of  E.  E.  Goodwin,  of 
Deerfield;  Nellie,  who  died  at  the  age  of  four;  John  B.,  and  Mildred  E.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  West  are  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

William  Spaulding  was  bom  in  Hebron,  New  York,  September  38,  1788. 
Soon  after  his  birth  the  family  moved  to  Vermont,  where  his  father  died  when  William 
was  about  four  years  old  and  he  then  went  to  live  with  a  Mr.  Taylor.  He  obtained 
a  common  school  education,  and  subsequently  purchased  a  small  farm  in  Vermont, 
where  he  lived  up  to  1836.  In  that  .year  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  bought  a 
piece  of  timber  land  in  Chatham  township,  erected  his  cabin  in  the  midst  of  the 
primitive  forest,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  November  9,  1863.  His  wife, 
Mary  Briggs,  whom  he  married  in  Vermont,  was  born  in  Dummerston,  Vermont, 
December  4,  1790,  and  became  the  mother  of  thirteen  children,  as  follows:  Pris- 
eilla,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-six;  Seth  B.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  sixty-six; 
William,  who  died  aged  seventy  years;  Mary,  aad  Luther,  both  of  whom  died  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five;  John,  a  resident  of  Chatham  township;  Samuel,  who  died  in 


798  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

early  youth;  Sem  P.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  S.  Seymour,  who  died  aged  sixty-eight; 
Hannah,  widow  of  J.  B.  Brown;  Faimie,  wife  of  Milo  Goodwin,  of  Middlebury;  Laura, 
wife  of  David  H.  Curtis,  of  Chatham,  and  Simeon.  Mrs.  Spaulding  died  February 
19,  1886,  at  the  remarkable  age  of  nearly  ninety-six  years. 

Sem  p.  Spaulding  was  born  in  Londonderry,  Vermont,  January  5,  1825, 
eighth  child  of  William  and  Mary  Spaulding.  He  was  eleven  years  old  when  his 
parents  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  he  worked  on  the  homestead  in  Chatham  township, 
assisting  his  father  to  clear  and  improve  it,  until  he  was  seventeen  years  old.  He 
then  began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand  and  in  the  lumber  woods,  which  he  followed 
a  few  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  he  purchased  a  portion  of  his  present  farm, 
now  embracing  250  acres,  where  he  has  since  resided,  devoting  his  attention  to 
farming  and  lumbering.  He  married  Susan  E.  Beckwith,  a  daughter  of  Sylvester 
Beckwith,  an  early  settler  in  Tioga  borough,  and  later  in  Middlebury  township.  She 
was  bom  in  Tioga,  Tioga  county.  May  38,  1835.  Five  children  were  bom  to  this 
union,  viz:  Mary  D.,  wife  of  George  Vanderhoof,  of  Middlebury;  George  B.,  who 
married  Sarah  Brigdon,  and  lives  on  a  part  of  the  old  homestead;  Sem  P.,  who  mar- 
ried Annie  Mosier,  and  also  lives  on  a  part  of  the  home  farm;  William  H.,  a  cigar 
maker  of  Wellsboro,  who  married  Cassie  Gaylord,  of  Mansfield,  and  Effie  M.,  at 
home.  Mrs.  Spaulding  is  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  at  Hammond.  _  In 
politics,  the  family  are  Eepublicans.  Mr.  Spaulding  has  served  as  school  director 
and  supervisor,  and  is  a  successful  farmer  and  an  enterprising  citizen.  He  is  the 
only  one  of  the  family  that  cared  for  the  gun  and  rod,  and  he  has  been  quite  a 
famous  sportsman.  His  home  is  adorned  with  many  trophies  of  the  chase,  in  which 
he  takes  much  pride. 

William  Stakkey  was  born  in  the  state  of  N"ew  York,  in  1787,  there  grew  to 
manhood  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  About  1835  he  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  worked  at  his  trade  here  a  few  years,  and  then  bought  a  farm  in  Mid- 
dlebiiry  township.  He  cleared  a  portion  of  it,  and  resided  there  until  his  death, 
November  14,  1851,  aged  sixty-four  years.  He  married  Mary  E.  Benjamin,  who 
bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Harriet,  deceased  wife  of  Luther  Washburn;  Clarissa, 
wife  of  Allen  Daggett,  of  Southport,  New  York;  Philena  C,  wife  of  William  Barnes, 
of  Middlebury  township;  Samuel  B.,  deceased;  Eliza,  wife  of  Erstine  Ives,  of  Mid- 
dlebury, and  John,  who  resides  at  Middlebury  Center.  Mrs.  Starkey  died  January 
13,  1866,  in  the  seventy-fourth  year  of  her  age. 

John  Staekey  was  bom  in  Allegany  county,  New  York,  February  33,  1830, 
the  youngest  son  of  William  Starkey.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  began  for 
himself  on  a  rented  farm,  but  at  the  end  of  one  year  he  returned  to  his  father's  farm 
and  finished  clearing  it  up  and  paying  off  the  debt  still  due  upon  it  when  his  father 
died.  There  he  remained  up  to  1868,  in  which  year  he  removed  to  a  farm  he  had 
previously  purchased  at  Middlebury  Center,  where  he  also  acted  as  superintendent 
of  the  tiimpike  from  Tioga  to  Wellsboro  for  sixteen  years.  He  built  and  conducted 
a  general  store  at  Middlebury  Center  for  about  ten  years,  and  during  his  whole  busi- 
ness career  has  been  actively  engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1888  he  purchased  the  hotel 
at  that  point,  and  moved  into  it  the  following  year.  In  1891  the  building  was 
burned,  but  he  immediately  rebuilt  and  continued  the  business.  Besides  his  hotel 
property,  Mr.  Starkey  owns  over  1,000  acres  of  land  in  Tioga  county,  and  also  a 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  799 


property  in  Wellsboro,  all  of  which  he  has  accumulated  by  untiring  industry  and 
careful  management.  He  is  to-day  one  of  the  largest  property  owners  in  Middle- 
bury  township,  as  well  as  one  of  its  most  successful  business  men.  Mr.  Starkey 
was  married  January  18,  1859,  to  Caroline  Palmer,  a  daughter  of  Lemuel  M.  and 
Eunice  E.  (Storer)  Palmer,  of  Rutland  township.  She  was  born  in  Tioga  codnty, 
March  37,  1839,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  seven  children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Starkey  have  been  bom  eight  children,  viz:  Addie  V.,  wife  of  Truman  E.  Carpenter, 
of  Charleston  township;  Jennie  M.,  wife  of  Judson  H.  Stephens,  of  Middlebury; 
Prank  W.,  a  merchant  of  Middlebury  Center,  who  married  Anna  L.  Dennison,  of 
Charleston  township,  and  has  two  children,  Maude  and  George  W.;  Angle  H.,  de- 
ceased; Emma  S.,  wife  of  George  N.  Shaff,  of  Belmont,  New  York;  Anna  L.,  deceased; 
Fred  L.,  and  Nellie  E.,  wife  of  Byron  E.  Churchill,  of  Middlebury  township.  In  poli- 
ties, Mr.  Starkey  is  a  liberal  Eepublican,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial 
citizens  of  Tioga  county. 

Olivee  Bhiggs,  a  native  of  New  England,  came  from  Tioga  county.  New 
York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1834,  and  located  in  Middlebury  township, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  A.  B.  A.  Briggs.  Here  he  followed  farming  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Lydia  Hoag,  bore 
him  three  children,  viz:  Jacob,  deceased;  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Perry  Gage,  of  Jack- 
son township,  and  Ebenezer  H.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury.  Mrs.  Briggs  died  in  1830, 
and  he  was  again  married,  to  Betsey  E.  Edwards.  Eight  children  were  bom  to 
this  union,  viz:  Edward  and  Lydia  A.,  both  deceased;  Ira,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury; 
Clarissa,  Walter,  Louisa  and  Oliver,  all  deceased,  and  A.  B.  A.,  who  lives  on  the 
old  homestead,  where  the  parents  died. 

Iea  Beiggs  was  bom  in  Spencer,  Tioga  county.  New  York,  October  1, 1839,  and 
is  the  oldest  living  child  of  Oliver  and  Betsey  E.  Briggs.  He  was  five  years  old 
when  his  parents  came  to  this  county.  Here  he  grew  to  maturity,  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  in  boyhood,  and  assisted  in  the  duties  on  the  farm.  When  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  went  to  work  for  his  brother,  Jacob,  with  whom  he  remained  four 
years,  and  then  purchased  a  portion  of  his  present  farm  from  the  Bingham  estate. 
Eight  years  later  he  purchased  an  adjoining  tractfrom  his  brother,  Jacob,  making 
a  farm  of  146  acres,  on  which  he  has  resided  up  to  the  present,  devoting  his  at- 
tention to  agricultural  pursuits.  Mr.  Briggs  was  married  in  March,  1853,  to 
Margaret  A.  Morrell,  second  daughter  of  Stephen  Morrell,  of  Jackson  township,  -^th 
whom  he  lived  about  twelve  yeai-s,  and  was  then  legally  separated.  On  January  1, 
1871,  he  married  Ermina  M.  Conley,  second  daughter  of  Jacob  Conley,  to  which 
union  were  bom  five  children,  viz:  Bert  J.,Ettie  May, who  married  A.  B.  Pish,  March 
7,  1896;  Eosa  Nell,  wife  of  Homer  P.  Cloos;  Jennie  Y.  and  Mattie  B.,  all  of  whom 
aj-e  living.  The  family  attend  the  Baptist  church.  Beginning  in  life  without  a 
dollar,  he  has  accumulated  through  the  passing  yeajs  a  good  property,  and  has  been 
fairiy  successful  in  his  business  affairs.  He  taught  music  from  1868  to  1871,  and 
the  family  possess  considerable  musical  talent.  In  polities,  Mr.  Briggs  is  a  Ee- 
publican. 

Samuel  A.  Cady,  a  native  of  Jasper,  New  York,  born  March  15,  1810,  was 
the  fourth  m  a  family  of  five  children  born  to  Abel  Cady,  viz:  Michael  Daniel 
Manassa,  Samuel  A.  and  Esther.     He  received  a  common  school  education,'  but  was 


800  HISTORY    OE    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

only  four  years  old  when  his  father  died,  and  was  compelled  to  make  his  own  living 
from  early  boyhood.  When  twenty-five  years  of  age  he  bought  the  Cady  farm  in 
Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  followed  agriculture  until  his  death, 
March  22,  1881.  He  was  postmaster  of  Chatham  Valley  for  a  number  of  years, 
also  at  Holiday  for  two  years,  was  an  active  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  best  business 
men  in  his  section.  In  religion,  he  was  an  Adventist.  On  March  3,  1832,  Mr. 
Cady  married  AdaHne  Cole,  a  daughter  of  Sala  Cole,  who  was  bom  in  Vermont, 
March  3, 1815.  Four  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  Charlotte  M.,  wife  of 
Dennis  Andrews;  Celestia  M.,  wife  of  Edward  A.  Keeler;  Wesley  P.,  who  enlisted  in 
Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  killed 
in  the  charge  on  Port  Mahone,  in  front  of  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865,  in  the  twenty- 
sixth  year  of  his  age,  leaving  a  widow  and  two  daughters,  the  former  now  the  wife  of 
M.  B.  Brown,  of  Lawrence  township;  and  Sala  V.  Mrs.  Cady  died  on  December  26, 
1874. 

Sala  V.  Cady,  youngest  child  of  Samuel  A.  Cady,  was  bom  on  his  present 
farm  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  July  18, 1851,  was  reared  on  the  home- 
stead, and  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  during  the  winter  seasons.  He  was  married 
November  8,  1882,  to  Jane  N.  Clark,  a  daughter  of  Albert  Clark,  of  Chatham  town- 
ship, and  has  one  child,  Leo  I^etto,  born  April  3,  1884.  In  politics,  Mr.  Cady  is 
a  stanch  Democrat,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of  his 
native  township,  where  he  owns  a  well-improved  farm  of  137  acres,  a  part  of  it 
having  belonged  to  the  old  Cady  homestead. 

Alexadee  a.  McLean  was  bom  in  Yates  county,  New  York,  November  3, 
1814,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  at  Dresden,  where  he  served  an  apprentice- 
ship of  five  years.  In  1832,  when  but  eighteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  worked  for  three  years  as  foreman  of  a  blacksmith  shop 
in  Tioga  village.  He  then  moved  to  Middlebury  Center  and  carried  on  a  shop  for 
some  ten  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  went  to  Indiana  and  remained  in  that 
state  up  to  1860.  Eeturning  to  Tioga  county,  he  established  a  shop  at  Hammond, 
and  continued  blaeksmithing  imtil  1880,  when  he  retired  from  active  business  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son,  John  A.  Mr.  McLean  married  Mary  J.  Potter,  a  daughter 
of  Henry  H.  Potter.  She  was  bom  October  25,  1820,  and  became  the  mother  of 
thirteen  children,  viz:  William  and  Marietta,  both  of  whom  died  in  early  youth; 
Edwin,  a  resident  of  Indiana,  who  served  tliree  years  and  nine  months  in  the  Ke- 
bellion;  Sarah,  deceased  wife  of  James  Marcus;  Henry  H.,  who  died  at  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee,  while  a  soldier  in  the  Kebellion;  Delia,  wife  of  M.  S.  Potter,  of  Syracuse; 
Lewis  G.,  a  resident  of  Indiana;  Alanson  C,  who  lives  in  South  Dakota;  John  A., 
a  blacksmith  at  Hammond;  Lizzie,  wife  of  G.  W.  Groom,  of  South  Williamsport; 
Emma,  wife  of  Charles  M.  Jennings,  of  Charleston  township;  Ida  L,  deceased  wife  of 
C.  L.  Ferry,  and  Carrie,  who  died  at  the  age  of  three  years.  Mrs.  McLean  died 
April  17,  1880.     Her  husband  resides  with  his  son,  John  A.,  at  Hammond. 

John  A.  McLean,  son  of  Alexander  A.  McLean,  was  born  at  Bob  Roy,  Fountain 
county,  Indiana,  January  15,  1853,  and  was  seven  years  old  when  his  father 
located  at  Hammond.  When  thirteen  years  of  age  he  went  into  his  father's  shop  to 
leam  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  he  has  followed  continuously  ever  since  at 
Hammond,  but  has  also  been  engaged  in  farming  on  a  small  scale  on  land  owned  by 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  801 


his  wife.  Mr.  McLean  was  married  October  6,  1881,  to  Ada  B.  Stevens,  a  daughter 
of  Daniel  G.  Stevens,  of  Middlebury,  to  which  union  have  been  born  four  children, 
.  viz:  Henry  H.,  Eveline  J.,  Clara  E.  and  Ida  E.  The  family  attend  the  First  Bap- 
tist church,  and  in  politics,  support  the  Eepublican  party. 

Chakles  N.  Wilcox  was  bom  March  29,  1815,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  in 
early  manhood,  locating  in  Middlebury  township.  He  married  Euby  Keeney,  a 
daughter  of  Jesse  Keeney,  of  that  township,  July  31,  1839.  She  was  bom  May  18, 
1833,  and  became  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Edward  A.,  bom  April  19,  1840, 
who  died  in  infancy;  George  E.,  born  November  13,  1841,  and  died  November  6, 
1847;  Jesse  K.,  bom  November  12,  1843,  and  died  in  Andersonville  prison,  in 
October,  1864,  while  a  Union  prisoner;  Catherine  E.,  born  April  13,  1846,  and  died 
December  34,  following,  and  Eansom  E.j  bom  March  24,  1848,  a  farmer  of  Middle- 
bury township.  Mr.  Wilcox  was  a  stanch  Democrat.  He  died  July  11,  1854,  at 
Waterville,  Wisconsin,  while  on  his  way  to  visit  a  brother  in  the  west.  His  widow 
survived  him  six  years,  dying  December  4,  1860. 

Eansom  Eugene  Wilcox,  only  living  child  of  Charles  N.  Wilcox,  was  bom  at 
Keeneyville,  Tioga  county,  March  24,  1848.  He  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion up  to  the  age  of  twelve  years,  when  the  death  of  his  mother  compelled  him  to 
go  out  into  the  world  to  make  his  own  living.  He  worked  as  a  farm  hand  until  he  was 
twenty-three  years  old,  when  he  went  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade.  He  purchased 
a  home  in  Keeneyville,  followed  his  trade  there  until  1877,  and  then  bought  his 
present  farm  of  eighty  acres  northeast  of  that  village.  He  still  continued  to  work 
at  his  trade  for  some  ten  yeaxs,  but  has  since  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  agri- 
culture. Mr.  Wilcox  was  married  March  34, 1869,  to  Mary  L.  Dickinson,  a  daughter 
of  Nathaniel  Dickinson,  of  Middlebury  township,  where  she  was  bom  August  13, 
1844.  Five  children  have  been  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz :  Jesse  N.,  bom  February 
10,  1870,  and  died  September  5,  1889;  Eaymond  C,  bom  January  19,  1873,  and 
died  March  6,  following;  Agnes  M.,  bom  January  5, 1875,  wife  of  Waorren  Colgrove, 
of  Savona,  New  York;  Charles  E.,  bom  June  38,  1878,  and  Euby  L.,  bom  August 
33, 1880,  and  died  October  14,  of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Wilcox  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and 
is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Nathaniel  Dickinson,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  was  born  September  18, 
1818,  a  son  of  Arnold  and  Mary  (Sutton)  Dickinson.  His  father  was  a  son  of 
Nathaniel  Dickinson,  who  came  with  his  brothers,  Francis  and  Amold,  from  England 
to  America  about  1770.  Nathaniel,  Sr.,  and  one  of  his  brothers  were  soldiers  in  the 
Eevolution.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  New  York  and  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1839.  He  purchased  a  farm  four  miles  north  of  Holiday, 
in  Middleburj'  township,  but  was  obliged  to  cut  a  road  through  the  forest  from 
Holiday  to  his  farm  before  he  could  reach  the  latter.  He  cleared  and  improved  this 
property,  and  resided  upon  it  up  to  his  death,  July  7,  1869.  He  married  Eliza  L. 
Smith,  a  daughter  of  David  Smith.  She  was  bom  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  Jan- 
uary 3, 1819,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Mary  L.,  wife  of  E.  E.  Wilcox; 
George  W.,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury;  Fidelia  I.,  wife  of  Albert  E.  Hackett,  of  Smeth- 
port,  McKean  county;  John  J.,  of  Middlebury,  and  a  daughter  that  died  in  infancy. 
Nathaniel  Dickinson  was  a  well  educated  and  public-spirited  citizen,  and  quite  ac- 

51 


802  HISTOEY    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tive  in  public  affairs.     Politically,  a  Eepublican,  he  filled  nearly  all  of  the  town- 
ship offices  at  different  periods.     His  widow  resides  with  her  son,  John  J. 

Geoege  W.  Dickinson,  eldest  son  of  Xathaniel  Dickinson,  was  born  in  Mid- 
dlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  November  15, 1845.  He  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  the  academies  of  the  county,  and  also  attended  Bryant  and  Strat- 
ton's  Commercial  College,  Binghamton,  New  York.  When  nineteen  yeai-s  of  age 
he  commenced  teaching,  and  taught  at  Losey  Creek,  Keeneyville,  Shortsville,  Koe 
and  Treat's.  He  remained  on  the  home  farm  until  twenty-three  years  old,  and  then 
became  book-keeper  for  a  lumber  firm  in  Shippen  township.  Soon  after  he  pur- 
chased his  present  farm  of  fifty  acres,  which  was  then  covered  by  the  primitive 
forest,  and  has  since  resided  upon  it.  In  1887  he  bought  seventy-two  acres  more, 
a  short  distance  northeast  of  the  original  homestead,  and  has  devoted  his  attention 
principally  to  farming.  Mr.  Dickinson  was  married  November  15,  1868,  to  Myra 
J.  Keeney,  a  daughter  of  Eichard  M.  Keeney,  of  Middlebury  township.  They  are 
the  parents  of  two  children,  viz:  Anna  M.,  born  March  19,  1871,  and  died  June  21, 
1880,  and  Burton  N.,  bom  June  24,  1881.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church,  in  which  Mr.  Dickinson  has  been  choir  leader  for  many  years.  In 
politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  held  all  the  township  offices  except  constable  and 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  been  clerk  for  many  years.  Mr.  Dickinson  is  president 
of  the  Tioga  County  Grange  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  and  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  State  Grange.  Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  P. 
of  H.,  and  he  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  that 
society,  to  which  he  has  devoted  a  great  deal  of  valuable  time. 

John  Shaff,  a  native  of  Saratoga  Springs,  New  York,  bom  in  1776,  was  a 
son  of  William  Shaff,  who  came  from  Germany  to  America  and  fought  in  the  Eevo- 
lution.  John  was  reared  in  New  York  state,  and  married  Annis  McCarty,  who  bore 
him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Nancy,  widow  of  Darius  Dickinson;  Stephen 
C,  a  resident  of  Middlebury;  Betsey,  William,  Margaret,  Jane  and  Angeline,  all 
of  whom  are  dead;  Eosanna,  widow  of  Moses  French;  Lucinda,  deceased;  Welling- 
ton, a  farmer  in  Lawrence  township,  and  John  H.,  a  resident  of  Potter  county. 
Mr.  Shaff  and  family  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1839,  and  located  on  a  farm  in  Mid- 
dlebury township.     Here  his  wife  died  in  1857,  and  himself  in  1871. 

Stephen  C.  Shaff,  oldest  son  of  John  Shaff,  was  born  in  Schoharie  county. 
New  York,  April  4, 1809,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsjdvania,  in  January,  1836. 
He  purchased  eighty  acres  of  timber  land  in  Middlebury  township,  and  set  to  work 
clearing  and  improving  it,  making  agriculture  and  lumbering  his  life  vocation.  He 
married  Cynthia  West,  a  daughter  of  John  West.  She  was  bom  February  19,  1806, 
and  became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  viz:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  A.  E.  Eowley,  of 
Middlebury  township;  Henry  J.  and  Porter  D.,  both  residents  of  Middlebury;  Lois, 
wife  of  John  E.  Eoe,  of  the  same  township;  Asa,  James  A.  and  Hulda,  all  of  whom 
are  dead;  Matilda,  wife  of  Jacob  Schaffner,  of  Lindley,  New  York,  and  Alonzo  D., 
of  Middlebury.  Mrs.  Shaff  died  September  24,  1875.  In  July,  1862,  Mr.  Shaff  en- 
listed in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
served  until  February,  1863,  when  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  sickness.'  In 
politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

Heney  J.  Shaff,  eldest  son  of  Stephen  C.  Shaff,  was  born  in  Madison  county, 
New  York,  September  10,  1834,  and  was  less  than  two  years  old  when  his  parents 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHBS.  803 


came  to  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  in  Middlebury  township, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1854  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  worlced  in  the  lumber  woods  of 
that  State  a  few  years.  In  1858  he  and  his  brother,  Porter  D.,  purchased  the  old 
homestead  of  205  acres,  on  which  they  both  now  reside.  Here  he  followed  farming 
up  to  1866,  when  he  and  Newbury  Cloos,  Jr.,  built  a  saw-mill  on  Losey  Creek.  He 
followed  that  business  up  to  December,  1894,  quite  successfully.  Mr.  ShafE 
has  been  identified  with  many  of  the  leading  industries  of  the  county,  and  every 
dollar  he  now  possesses  was  earned  by  hard  work  and  rigid  economy.  He  was  mar- 
ried September  6,  1861,  to  Amarilla  Cloos,  eldest  child  of  Newbury  Cloos,  Jr.  She 
was  born  in  Deerfield  township,  April  1,  1844,  and  is  the  mother  of  three  children, 
viz:  George,  deceased;  George  N.,  a  resident  of  Belmont,  New  York,  and  Sophia  B., 
wife  of  Matthew  Haskell,  of  Middlebury  township.  In  politics,  Mr.  ShafE  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  served  as  a  school  director  three  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  H.,  and  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers  of  the  community. 

PoBTEE  D.  Shaff,  second  son  of  Stephen  C.  Shaff,  and  grandson  of  John  ShafE, 
was  born  in  Madison  county.  New  York,  October  13, 1835,  three  months  prior  to  the 
coming  of  his  parents  to  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  in  Middlebury  township, 
and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district  in  boyhood.  With  the  exception 
of  a  few  months  in  1865,  when  employed  by  the  United  States  government,  and 
about  one  year  spent  in  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  he  has  always  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  lumbering  in  this  county.  His  homestead  farm  contains  307  acres,  and  he 
also  owns  1,193  acres  of  timber  land  in  Lunanburg  county,  Virginia.  On  September 
7,  1861,  he  married  Mary  J.  Dickinson,  a  daughter  of  Darius  Dickinson.  She  was 
born  DeeembesT  30,  1835,  and  has  five  children,  named  as  follows:  Stephen  C,  a 
resident  of  South  Dakota;  James  E.,  of  Middlebury;  Ida  A.,  wife  of  Burt  Sherburn, 
a  resident  of  the  same  township;  Clarence  B.,  and  Nettie  J.,  wife  of  Orrin  Doan, 
both  residents  of  Middlebury.  In  politics,  Mr.  Shaff  is  a  stanch  Eepubliean,  and  has 
been  a  school  director  for  the  past  twenty-five  years,  and  assistant  assessor  three 
terms.  Mr.  Shaff  and  sons,  James  and  Clarence,  are  members  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P., 
and  themselves  and  wives  are  connected  with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is 
one  of  the  progressive,  enterprising  farmers  of  the  county. 

Alonzo  D.  Shaff,  youngest  son  of  Stephen  C.  Shaff,  was  bom  in  Middlebury 
township,  Tioga  county,  April  9,  1851,  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and 
worked  for  his  brother.  Porter  D.,  until  his  majority.  He  then  began  working  out 
as  a  farm  hand,  and  at  the  end  of  six  years  purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now  re- 
sides. Bight  years  later  he  sold  a  part  of  it  to'  his  father,  and  again  went  to  work 
as  a  laborer,  lumberman,  and  farmer,  on  rented  farms,  returning  to  his  old  property 
in  1894,  which  is  owned  by  his  father.  Mr.  Shaff  was  married  January  15,  1876,  to 
Louise  Eggleston,  a  daughter  of  B.  H.  Eggleston,  of  Middlebury  township.  She 
was  bom  April  23,  1856,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Cynthia, 
Edwin,  Mary,  Iva,  Grant,  Grace,  Burr,  who  died  in  infancy;  Ethel,  and  Harold.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Shaff  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics, 
he  is  an  independent  voter. 

Gilbert  B.  Owlett,  Sk.,  was  born  in  Kent  county,  England,  April  11,  1799. 
His  father,  Thomas  Owlett,  was  a  farmer,  and  the  son  adopted  the  same  vocation. 
In  1822  he  married  Miss  Martha  Pope,  and  in  1831  came  with  his  family  to  the 


804  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 


United  States,  locating  in  Saratoga  county,  N'ew  York.  Later  he  removed  to 
Otsego  county.  New  York,  and  in  1840  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
purchased  a  farm  of  140  acres  on  the  line  of  Chatham  and  Middlebury  townships. 
Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  August  22,  1877.  His  farm  then  passed  into  the 
possession  of  his  son  Benjamin,  and  is  still  owned  by  him.  Mr.  Owlett  was  thrice 
married.  His  first  wife  died  in  1851,  leaving  eleven  children,  as  follows:  Thomas 
M.,  a  deceased  farmer  of  Chatham  township;  Martha,  wife  of  Edwin  Temple,  of 
Corning,  New  York;  Gilbert  B.,  a  retired  farmer,  Keeneyville;  Jane,  widow  of 
Charles  Close;  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Albert  Foote;  Mrs.  Eebecca  Poote,  of  Elkland; 
Susan,  wife  of  James  Hamilton,  of  Jackson  township;  John,  a  deceased  farmer 
of  Chatham;  Sally  A.,  wife  of  Charles  H.  Van  Dusen:  Benjamin,  a  retired  farmer, 
Keeneyville,  and  Joseph,  a  farmer  of  Chatham  township.  His  second  wife,  Mrs. 
Phila  Lee,  was  a  daughter  of  Jidius  Seely.  She  died  in  1860,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren: Henry  J.,  of  Horseheads,  New  York,  and  Edward  Howland,  an  attorney 
of  Wellsboro.  His  third  wife,  Mrs.  Adelia  Van  Osten,  nee  Eord,  survived  him  a 
few  years.  Mr.  Owlett  was  a  representative  pioneer  farmer.  Rugged  physical 
powers,  practical  wisdom  and  strict  integrity  were  his  distinguishing  characteristics. 
"When  he  came  to  Tioga  county  he  took  possession  of  an  uncleared  tract  of  land  in 
an  almost  unbroken  wilderness.  At  the  time  of  his  death  five  of  his  sons  were  set- 
tled on  adjoining  farms,  the  family  possessions  embracing  over  1,000  acres  of  land. 

GiLBEET  B.  Owlett,  retired  farmer,  KeeneyvUle,  was  born  in  Kent  county, 
Englaad,  June  26,  182G,  and  was  five  years  old  when  the  family  came  from  England 
to  the  United  States,  and  fourteen  when  they  settled  in  Middlebury  township, 
Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  eighty-two  acres  of  heavily  timbered  land  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship. This  has  since  been  cleared,  added  to  and  improved,  until  his  present  farm 
embraces  225  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  best  in  this  part  of  the  county.  In  1890  Mr. 
Owlett  rented  his  farm  and  moved  to  Keeneyville,  where  he  purchased  a  hotel  prop- 
erty, which  he  has  since  remodeled  and  fitted  up  as  a  residence.  Mr.  Owlett  has 
been  twice  married.  In  1848  he  married  Sarah  Temple,  a  daughter  of  Maj.  Russell 
Temple,  of  Chatham  township,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Jane,  wife  of 
Lawrence  Martin,  of  Parmington;  James  H.,  a  farmer  of  Chatham,  and  Madella, 
wife  of  Charles  0.  Churchill,  of  Chatham  township.  Mrs.  Owlett  died  June  9, 
1888.  On  March  14,  1895,  Mr.  Owlett  married  Julia  Roushy,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
Eoushy,  of  Chemung  county.  New  York.  In  polities,  a  Republican,  he  is  one  of 
the  prominent  and  substantial  citizens  of  Middlebury. 

Calvin  Hammond,  a  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Sally  Hammond,  was  bom  in  War- 
ren county.  New  York,  November  1,  1820.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  county,  and  on  attaining  his  majority  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  found  employment  in  a  saw-mill  at  Hammond.  A  short  time  later  he  bought 
the  plant  and  carried  on  quite  an  extensive  lumber  business,  subsequently  purchas- 
ing the  farm  which  his  two  sons  now  own.  Mr.  Hammond  was  an  energetic  business 
man,  upright  and  honest  in  all  his  dealings,  and  had  many  friends  in  the  commimity. 
He  was  married  in  Warren  county.  New  York,  to  Louisa  Wells,  who  bore  him  five 
children,  viz:  Janette,  wife  of  Andrew  Briggs,  of  Wellsboro;  Alice  M.,  widow  of 
Henry  Hymes;  Emmer,  wife  of  Prank  Steele,   of  Bradford   county;    Prank,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  gQS 


George,  the  latter  deceased.  Mrs.  Hammond  died  August  39,  1860,  and  her  husband 
■was  again  married,  to  Emma  A.  Stone.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  union, 
viz:  Arthur  G.,  of  Middlebury;  Jennie  and  Ida.  Mr.  Hammond  died  May  5,  1876, 
and  his  widow,  December  31,  1891. 

Feank  Hammond,  superintendent  for  J.  B.  Weed  &  Company,  at  Slate  Eun, 
Lycoming  county,  was  bom  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  and  is  the  only 
son  living  of  Calvin  and  Louisa  (Wells)  Hammond.  He  obtained  a  good  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Tioga  and  Wellsboro,  and  at  Mansfield  Business  College. 
He  worked  on  the  home  farm  until  twenty  years  of  age,  and  then  followed  lumbering 
in  Middlebury  township  for  two  years.  He  next  cultivated  a  farm  for  three  years, 
and  conducted  a  store  at  Hammond  for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  he  was 
appointed  foreman  with  J.  B.  Weed  &  Company,  lumber  operators,  and  was  soon 
after  made  shipping  clerk.  He  worked  for  that  firm  three  years,  and  then  entered 
the  employ  of  C.  B.  Parr  &  Company,  lumber  dealers,  and  later  engaged  with  the 
Union  Tanning  Company.  After  a  year  spent  with  the  latter,  he  returned  to  J.  B. 
Weed  &  Company,  with  whom  he  has  since  filled  the  position  of  superintendent  at 
Slate  Eun.  He  owns  and  lives  on  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  and  also  owns  an 
additional  tract  of  seventy-eight  acres  in  Middlebury  township.  Mr.  Hammond 
was  married  August  20,  1876,  to  Amy  Thurston,  a  daughter  of  A.  K.  Thurston,  of 
Middlebury,  and  has  two  children,  Keith  C.  and  Callie  M.  The  family  belong  to 
the  First  Baptist  church,  at  Hammond.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hammond  is  a  Eepubhean, 
and  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  one  term.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.,  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  societies,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
enterprising  citizens  of  the  community. 

Aethue  G.  Hammond,  only  son  of  Calvin  and  Emma  (Stone)  Hammond,  was 
bom  on  his  present  farm,  in  Middlebury  township,  October  20,  1867,  and  obtained 
a  good  education  in  the  district  schools  and  Tioga  graded  schools.  He  is  living  on 
the  old  homestead,  a  well-improved  farm  of  160  acres  near  Hammond,  and  has 
devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture.  On  February  33,  1888,  he  married  Martha 
Simonds,  a  daughter  of  Oscar  Simonds,  of  Middlebury  township,  and  has  one  daugh- 
ter. Hazel.  The  family  are  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  at  Hammond. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Hammond  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 
He  is  one  of  the  substantial  young  farmers  of  Middlebury. 

Henet  H.  Pottee,  a  son  of  Benjamin  Potter,  was  born  in  Ehode  Island,  Sep- 
tember 15,  1791,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Onondaga  county,  !N"ew  York,  in 
1804.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  serving  under  General  Scott,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Lund/s  Lane  and  other  engagements  on  the  Canadian  fron- 
tier. He  was  thrice  married.  His  first  wife  was  a  Miss  Ketehum,  who  bore  him  one 
son,  Alanson  E.,  now  a  resident  of  Spring  Lake,  Minnesota.  His  second  wife  was 
Abigail  Maxwell,  to  which  union  were  born  three  children,  viz:  Howard  H.,  who 
died  in  Wisconsin  in  1878;  Jane,  deceased  wife  of  A.  A.  McLean,  and  Delia  A., 
widow  of  A.  C.  Cole.  About  1824  Mr.  Potter  removed  to  Spring  Mills,  Allegany 
county,  'New  York,  and  built  the  first  mill  at  that  place,  thus  giving  the  hamlet  its 
name.  In  1827  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  kept  the  tavern  at 
Lawrenceville,  afterwards  known  as  Slosson's  Hotel.  Here  his  second  wife  died, 
December  17, 1828.    On  March  13, 1829,  he  married  Malinda  G.  Stevens,  a  daughter 


806  HISTOBT   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  Martin  Stevens,  an  early  settler  of  Middlebury  township.  To  this  union  were  born 
eight  children,  viz:  Harriet,  deceased  wife  of  the  late  W.  H.  Currier,  of  New 
Hampshire;  Jerome  B.,  and  Angle,  wife  of  H.  E.  Potter,  both  residents  of  Wells- 
boro;  Benjamin  B.,  who  lives  in  St.  Clair,  Michigan;  JuUa  A.,  wife  of  L.  A.  Potter, 
and  George  W.,  both  residents  of  Middlebury;  Albert  W.,  of  Mansfield,  and  Alice, 
wife  of  Poleman  Brown,  of  Middlebury.  In  1830  Mr.  Potter  removed  to  Tioga  and 
for  several  years  kept  the  old  Willard  Hotel.  During  the  building  of  the  Corning 
and  Blossburg  railroad  in  1839-40,  he  took  contracts  for  two  sections  of  the  road  bed, 
on  which  he  lost  over  $4,000  by  the  failure  of  the  party  with  whom  he  made  the 
contract.  Mr.  Potter,  however,  paid  his  employes  to  the  last  cent.  For  several 
years  afterwards  he  was  seriously  embarrassed,  but  eventually  succeeded  in  recovering 
from  his  financial  troubles.  In  1843  he  located  at  Middlebury  Center,  where  he 
kept  hotel  for  many  years,  the  place  becoming  widely  known  as  "Potters."  He 
was  elected  county  commissioner  in  1843,  and  sheriff  of  the  county  in  1846.  For 
thirty  years  he  was  postmaster  at  Middlebury  Center,  the  office  originally  being 
named  "Potter"  in  his  honor.  He  died  March  34,  1879,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year 
of  his  age,  and  his  wife,  January  8, 1886,  in  her  seventy-ninth  year. 

Jeeome  B.  Pottee  was  bom  in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  January  6,  1833,  and  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Henry  H.  and  Malinda  G.  Potter.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Alfred  Seminary,  in  Allegany  county,  Few  York.  About  1855  he 
embarked  in  the  mercantile  and  lumber  business  at  Middlebury  Center,  continuing 
four  years.  In  the  spring  of  1861  he  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the  United 
States  treasury  department,  Washington,  D.  C,  which  position  he  resigned  four 
years  later  on  account  of  ill  health.  Eeturning  to  his  home,  he  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Tioga  county  in  1867  and  served  one  term.  He  next  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
and  lumber  business  which  he  followed  up  to  1880.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  inspectors  of  internal  revenue  during  the  Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadel- 
phia. In  1878  he  was  elected  sergeant-at-arms  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  at 
Harrisburg  and  served  through  two  sessions.  In  1881  he  became  private  secretary 
to  Hon.  John  I.  Mitchell,  United  States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania.  He  was  also 
appointed  clerk  of  the  Senate  committee  on  pensions,  serving  in  that  capacity  nine 
years.  In  December,  1895,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  assistant  door-keepers  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  at  Washington,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Potter  rsr 
tains  his  residence  in  Wellsboro  and  owns  the  old  homestead  in  Middlebury  town- 
ship. He  was  married  December  3,  1858,  to  Amy  E.  Eockwell,  a  daughter  of  ISTor- 
man  and  Sophia  Eockwell,  of  Cherry  Flats,  to  which  union  have  been  born  nine 
children,  as  follows:  Cora  L.,  wife  of  T.  C.  Sullivan,  of  Wellsboro;  May  M.,  de- 
ceased; Burton  M.,  an  attorney  of  Wellsboro;  Edwin  S.,  editor  of  the  Pathfinder, 
Washington,  D.  C;  Margaret  S.,  a  physician  of  the  same  city;  Maud  A.,  wife  of  C. 
H.  Seaton,  of  Washington;  Frances  W.,  a  teacher  in  the  Washington  public  schools; 
Helen  H.  and  Shirley  B.  Mr.  Potter  has  been  a  life-long  Eepublican  and  a  stanch 
adherent  of  the  principles  and  measures  of  that  party.  He  was  a  delegate  from  this 
congressional  district  to  the  National  Eepublican  Convention  in  1856,  and  also  to 
the  National  Eepublican  Convention  of  1872. 

EiCHAED  Beown  is  One  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  farmers  in  Middlebury 
township.  He  is  a  native  of  Woodstock,  Connecticut,  bom  August  6,  1815,  a  son  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Carpenter)  Brown,  natives  of  Connecticut  and  Ehode  Island, 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  807 


respectively,  and  of  English  ancestry.  Eichard  was  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  six 
children,  as  follows:  William,  Maria,  Almira,  Eichard,  Amy  and  James  B.  The 
father  was  drowned  in  Ehode  Island  about  1845,  and  the  mother  died  in  Middlebury 
township,  at  the  home  of  her  son  Eichard,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  only  survivor  of  the  family.  When  ten  years  old  he  went  to  work 
in  a  cotton  factory  in  his  native  town,  where  he  was  employed  eight  years,  at  the 
end  of  which  period  the  family  moved  to  Ehode  Island,  and  from  there  to  Otsego 
county.  New  York,  and  subsequenty  to  Michigan.  In  1849  Eichard  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  rented  a  farm  at  Wellsboro,  where  he  resided  ten  years. 
In  March,  1859,  he  purchased  his  present  homestead  in  Middlebury  township,  upon 
which  he  has  lived  for  the  past  thirty-eight  yeajs.  On  August  5,  1847,  Mr.  Brown 
married  Annette  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  Archibald  Wilcox.  She  was  bom  September 
16,  1822,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  viz:  James  H.,  born  November  20, 
1852,  who  resides  with  his  parents,  but  owns  a  farm  adjoining  the  old  homestead 
which  he  also  cultivates;  and  Mary  L.,  bom  May  11,  1854,  wife  of  Albert  Eedfield, 
of  Virginia.  Mrs.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  politics,  the  family 
are  stanch  Eepublicans. 

James  B.  Beown  was  bom  in  Woodstock,  Connecticut,  December  18,  1820,  a 
son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Carpenter)  Brown,  and  a  younger  brother  of  Eichard 
Brown.  When  a  mere  lad  he  went  to  work  in  a  calico-printing  mill,  where  he  was 
employed  up  to  1839.  He  then  emlisted  in  the  United  States  navy,  and  soon  after  was 
chosen  as  one  of  300  picked  men  to  make  the  famous  voyage  around  the  world  on 
board  the  United  States  man-of-war  Boston.  (This  vessel  was  lost  with  all  on  board, 
off  Key  West,  on  the  next  voyage).  On  his  return  from  this  voyage,  which  lasted 
three  and  a  half  years,  he  went  to  Chenango  county.  New  York,  where  he  worked 
on  a  farm  for  a  period.  In  1845  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  found 
employment  ia  the  lumber  woods,  and  later  worked  a  year  on  a  farm  in  Middlebury. 
In  1847  he  bought  eighty-eight  acres  of  timber  land  north  of  Holiday,  and  some 
years  later  purchased  112  acres  more,  on  which  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life, 
engaged  in  agriculture  pursuits.  His  wife,  Hannah,  was  a  daughter  of  William 
Spaulding,  of  Chatham  Valley.  She  was  bom  in  Windham  county,  Vermont,  March 
5,  1829,  and  reared  one  son,  Poleman  E.  Mr.  Brown  died  December  16,  1894.  His 
widow  resides  on  the  old  homestead.  By  his  own  energy  and  industry,  he  created 
one  of  the  finest  farms  in  Middlebury  township.  An  upright.  Christian  man,  he  was 
for  years  a  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Holiday,  and  a  very  liberal  con- 
tributor towards  that  society.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Eepublican  party, 
and  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  school  director  and  collector  at  different  periods. 

PoLEMAsr  E.  Brown,  only  child  of  James  B.  Brown,  was  born  on  his  present 
homestead  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  March  20,  1849,  and  has  spent 
his  entire  life  on  the  home  farm.  He  was  married  September  24,  1872,  to  Alice 
Potter,  youngest  child  of  Henry  H.  Potter.  She  was  born  at  Middlebury  Center, 
September  23, 1850,  and  is  the  mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Eoy,  who  died  at  the  age 
of  five  years,  Shirley  A.,  James  C,  Earl  H.,  Eoss  E.  and  Mary  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brown  are  members  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  and  also  of  the  P.  of  H.  He  belongs 
to  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  in  politics,  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Aevine  Claeke  was  bom  near  Bennington,  Vermont,  July  7,  1791,  and  re- 


808  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


moved  with  his  parents  to  Chenango  coimty,  New  York,  in  1805.  His  father  was  in 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  served  with  Ethan  Alien  and  Benedict  Arnold  at  the 
capture  of  Fort  Ticonderoga.  Early  in  life  he  became  interested  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  in  1840  lumbered  extensively  on  the  Chemung  river  and  its  branches, 
extending  his  operations  to  the  lands  and  mills  on  Crooked  creek,  near  Tioga,  known 
as  the  "Bill  Willard"  property,  during  which  period  he  lived  in  Elmira.  About  1848 
he  came  to  Tioga,  becoming  interested  in  several  tracts  of  timber  land,  and  built 
the  first  steam  saw-mill  in  the  county,  on  Crooked  creek,  near  Hammond.  He  died 
in  1858  at  the  home  of  his  son-in-law,  H.  M.  Johnson,  then  president  of  Dickinson 
College,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Clarke  married  Eliza  Higgins  Clarke,  of 
Chenango  county.  New  York.  She  was  born  April  23,  l'i'89,  and  died  August  26, 
1877,  and  is  buried  beside  her  husband  at  Milford,  New  York.  They  were  the 
parents  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Clarissa  Ann, 
widow  of  Timothy  Eose;  Lucena  Eliza,  who  married  H.  M.  Johnson,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
and  died  March  4, 1890;  Mary  Euth,  who  married  Dr.  Isaac  Sullivan,  of  Mississippi, 
and  died  January  29,  1860;  Sarah  Mariah,  widow  of  Hon.  John  Eddy;  David 
Arvine,  who  died  in  Middlebury  township;  Hairiet  Calista,  wife  of  L.  D.  McCabe, 
D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  vice-president  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  William  Edgar,  a 
minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Marvin  Emory,  a  resident  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

David  Aevine  Clahke  was  born  at  Sidney  Plains,  New  York,  March  7,  1833, 
and  received  a  college  preparatory  education  at  Elmira,  and  Cazenovia  Seminary. 
After  coming  to  Tioga  county,  he  embarked  in  the  lumber  business  with  his  father, 
and  also  engaged  in  merchandising  for  a  short  time.  In  1850  he  bought  the  farm 
in  Middlebury  township  on  which  his  son,  John  E.,  now  resides,  and  devoted  a  part 
of  his  time  to  agriculture.  He  was  one  of  the  well-known  citizens  of  the  com- 
munity, and  at  his  death,  April  39,  1894,  left  a  large  circle  of  friends.  He  married 
Martha  J.  Lockwood,  of  Horseheads,  New  York,  to  whom  were  bom  five  children, 
viz:  John  E.,  of  Middlebury;  Sarah  P.,  a  school  teacher  in  Scranton;  Milbum  A., 
deceased;  Mary  E.,  a  trained  nurse  residing  in  Philadelphia,  and  Anna  C,  a  phy- 
sician of  Scranton,  with  whom  Mrs.  Clarke  resides. 

John  E.  Clabke,  eldest  child  of  David  A.  and  Martha  J.  Clarke,  and  grandson 
of  Arvine  Clarke,  was  bom  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  November  9, 
1853.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district,  and  subsequently  the  normal 
school  at  Cortland,  New  York,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agricultural 
pursuits  in  Middlebury  township.  On  April  4, 1882,  he  married  Sarah  J.,  a  daughter 
of  D.  N.  Lawrence,  of  Bradford  county,  where  she  was  bom  July  2,  1854.  They 
have  three  children:  Arvine  N.,  Daniel  M.  and  Martha  J.  Mrs.  Clarke  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Politically,  Mr.  Clarke  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Grange. 

William  Gee,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  1824,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Parmington  township.  Here  both 
he  and  wife  spent  the  balance  of  their  lives.  He  died  in  1838,  and  his  wife  in 
1843.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  named  as  follows:  Joshua,  Thomas, 
Joseph,  Daniel,  John,  Jane,  Pattie  and  Sally,  all  of  whom  are  dead. 

Joseph  Gee,  second  son  of  William  Gee,  was  born  in  Orange  county.  New  York, 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  809 


in  1808,  and  was  sixteen  years  of  age  when  he  and  an  elder  brother  came  to  Tioga 
county  ahead  of  their  parents  and  made  the  iirst  clearings  upon  the  old  homestead 
in  Farmington  township,  which  he  afterwards  purchased.  He  was  educated  in 
the  district  schools,  and  after  attaining  his  majority  devoted  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing, and  was  also  engaged  in  lumbering  on  the  Cowanesque  river.  He  married 
Lavina  Culver,  who  bore  him  eleven  children,  viz:  Mary,  wife  of  C.  W.  Barlow, 
of  Wisconsin;  Ephraim,  Charles  F.  and  Sallie,  all  deceased;  Hannah,  wife  of  Thomas 
Roe,  of  Middlebury;  Joseph,  deceased;  Amasa,  a  resident  of  Delmar;  Sabra,  wife 
of  Ali  Briggs,  of  Middlebury,  now  deceased;  Leander,  of  Middlebury;  Walter,  de^ 
ceased,  and  Clark,  a  farmer  of  Middlebury  township.  Mr.  Gee  was  burned  to  death 
in  1868,  while  attempting  to  rescue  valuables  from  his  burning  house  in  Middlebury. 
His  widow  resides  with  her  son,  Leander,  in  that  township. 

Leandeb  Gee  was  born  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  December  12, 
1847,  a  son  of  Joseph  Gee,  and  grandson  of  William  Gee.  He  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  has  made  farming  his  life  vocation,  now  owning  the  home- 
stead in  Middlebury,  which  embraces  160  acres  of  well-improved  land,  located  a  short 
distance  northeast  of  Keeneyville.  He  has  devoted  some  attention  to  buying  and 
selling  live  stock  and  wagons.  April  34,  1873,  Mr.  Gee  married  Delia  Leonard, 
a  daughter  of  Justus  and  Nancy  (Young)  Leonard,  of  Farmington  township.  She 
was  born  May  26, 1855,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  Leander  L.  and  Ephraim 
S.  They  have  also  an  adopted  son,  Frank  Hoyt,  whom  they  took  when  less  than 
three  years  old,  and  legally  adopted  in  July,  1895.  Mrs.  Gee  and  children  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  the  family  are  Eepubli- 
cans,  and  are  also  connected  with  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Mr.  Gee  has  served 
one  term  as  school  director,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  farmers  of 
Middlebury. 

Kewbuet  Cloos,  youngest  son  of  Newbury  Cloos,  St.,  was  born  in  Deerfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  in  1837.  He  received  a  good  common  school  education, 
and  taught  during  his  early  manhood.  He  subsequently  purchased  a  farm  in  Mid- 
dlebury township,  and  for  many  years  was  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful 
farmers  of  that  locality.  He  married  Cynthia  Church,  to  which  union  were  born 
eight  children,  viz:  Amarilla,  wife  of  Henry  J.  ShaflE,  of  Middlebury  township; 
Ehoda,  wife  of  Hiram  Kilbourne,  of  Wellsboro;  Esther  and  Sophia,  both  deceased; 
Jane,  widow  of  C.  K.  Palmer,  of  Middlebury;  D.  Wilmot  and  Julia,  both  deceased, 
and  Luther  N.,  a  well-known  physician  of  Keeneyville.  Mr.  Cloos  died  on  his  farm 
in  Middlebury,  February  23,  1875. 

Lutheb  Newbttby  Cloos,  physician  and  surgeon,  Keeneyville,  wa^  bom  in 
Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county.  May  5,  1860,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of 
Newbury  and  Cynthia  Cloos,  and  grandson  of  Newbury  Cloos,  Sr.  He  received  his 
primary  education  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  township,  and  later  attended 
the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  where  he  completed  his  studies.  He  read 
medicine  under  Dr.  Augustus  Niles,  and  graduated  at  the  Baltimore  Medical  Collegft 
in  the  spring  of  1893.  He  soon  afterwards  purchased  the  residence  and  practice 
of  his  preceptor,  and  enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative  business.  Dr.  Cloos  makes  a 
specialty  of  the  diseases  of  women  and  of  the  eye  and  ear,  in  which  he  has  been 
highly  successful.      On  May  1,  1884,  he  married  Cora  L.  Hazlett,  a  daughter  of 


810  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Amariah  Hazlett,  of  Middlebury  Center,  and  has  one  son,  David  Wilmot.  Mrs. 
Cloos  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics.  Dr.  Cloos  is  a 
Democrat,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  L.  0.  T. 
M.,  for  all  of  which  he  is  the  local  medical  examiner. 

Isaac  Beyant,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  came  to  Tioga  county  ia  1850.  His 
father,  David  Bryant,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  Isaac  purchased 
the  property  in  Middlebury  township  where  his  widow  and  son,  James  H.,  now  reside, 
and  followed  farming  up  to  September,  1863.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  K, 
One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  the  famous  Bucktail  regi- 
ment. He  was  a  brave  and  gallant  soldier,  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  and  died  in  Andersonville  prison.  His  wife,  Mary  A.,  was  a  daughter 
of  Henry  Eogers,  of  Seneca  county,  New  York.  She  was  born  October  7,  1819, 
and  became  the  mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Alonzo  H.,  a  farmer  in  Middlebury, 
who  served  in  the  Civil  War;  Melissa  A.,  deceased;  Albert  T.,  also  a  soldier  in  the 
Rebellion,  who  died  in  Salisbury  prison.  South  Carolina;  Henry  E.,  who  served  in 
the  Union  army,  and  has  since  died;  Lizette  J.,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  James 
H.,  who  cultivates  the  old  homestead.  Mrs.  Bryant  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  one  of  the  intelligent,  helpful  women  of  her  neighborhood. 
She  is  very  active  in  good  works,  and  is  well  preserved  for  a  person  of  her  advanced 
years.  Her  husband  and  three  of  her  sons  went  out  in  defense  of  the  flag,  and  two 
of  the  four  laid  down  their  lives  that  this  free  government  might  live. 

Geoegb  Westbeook,  a  native  of  Chemung  county,  Wew  York,  born  in  1808, 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1848,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Tioga. 
Three  years  later  he  purchased  a  large  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  a  portion  of 
which  is  now  owned  by  the  widow  of  Horace  P.  Westbrook.  In  1867  he  traded  for 
a  farm  on  Crooked  creek,  a  half  mile  below  Holiday,  and  later  moved  to  Middle- 
bury Center,  thence  to  Wellsboro,  and  finally  to  Chatham  township,  where  he  died. 
He  married  Lovisa  B.  Taylor,  bom  in  Windsor  county,  Vermont,  in  1808,  who  bore 
him  a  family  of  fifteen  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows: 
Polly,  widow  of  Baitman  Monroe,  of  Addison;  Horace  P.,  deceased;  Ephraim,  a 
resident  of  Mansfield;  Jane,  wife  of  Jason  Prutsinan,  of  Elmira;  Stella,  wife  of 
Samuel  Love,  of  Little  Marsh;  Benjamin,  who  lives  in  Mansfield;  Hattie,  wife  of 
George  Curran,  of  Knoxville,  and  James  T.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Westbrook  died  Octo- 
ber 18,  1887,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

HoEACE  Feeeland  Westbeook  was  born  in  Chemung  county,  Wew  York,  No- 
vember 27,  1829,  eldest  son  of  George  Westbrook.  He  lived  with  his  parents  until 
the  family  removed  to  Tioga  county,  when  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  farm 
bought  by  his  father  in  Middlebury  township,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming 
until  the  autumn  of  1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Fifty-seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  went  to  the  front  with  the  rank  of  orderly  sergeant.  He 
fought  in  every  battle  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  up  to  Malvern  Hill,  where 
he  was  killed,  July  1,  1862.  He  married  Eachel  M.  Prutsman,  a  daughter  of 
Abram  and  Maria  Prutsman,  at  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  September  30,  1856.  She 
was  bom  at  Tioga  village,  October  17,  1833,  and  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Wil- 
lis H.,  who  lives  in  Tioga;  Edgar  L.,  of  Middlebury,  and  Ada  B.,  wife' of  Otis  L. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  811 


Coolidge,  of  Morris.    Mrs.  Westbrook  resides  on  the  old  homestead.     She  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Edgae  L.  Westbbook,  youngest  son  of  Horace  F.  Westbrook,  was  born  in 
Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  August  29,  1859,  and  obtained  his  education 
in  the  district  schools  and  the  Soldiers'  Orphan  School,  at  Mansfield.  He  has  re- 
mained on  the  home  farm,  assisting  his  mother  in  its  cultivation.  On  November 
3,  1881,  he  married  Helen  H.  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Dennis  and  Hester  (Bates) 
Johnson,  of  Sullivan  county,  New  York,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  three  chil- 
dren, viz:  Mamie  A.,  Nida  L.,  and  Clarence  J.,  the  last  deceased.  Mr.  Westbrook 
is  an  independent  voter  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

societies. 

James  E.  Andrews,  a  native  of  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  and  a  son  of  Obed 
Andrews,  was  bom  Febraarj- 16,  1799.  His  father  was  a  native  of  the  same  county, 
and  a  well-to-do  faraier.  James  E.  was  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz: 
James,  Parmelia,  Lansing,  Ephraim,  Hulda,  Harrison,  Sarah,  Serena  and  Obed. 
He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  followed  farming  in  his  native  county 
up  to  1855,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased  the  present  An- 
drews farm  in  Middlebury  township.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  September 
22, 1871.  He  married  Clarissa  Weeks,  February  7,  1822.  She  was  born  in  Cayuga 
county.  New  York,  Febraary  7,  1802,  and  bore  him  eight  children,  viz:  Gardner 
K.,  who  died  in  September,  1892,  aged  sixty-eight  years;  Sarah  J.,  who  died  on 
April  14,  1877,  aged  fifty-two  years;  Eliza  E.,  who  died  on  August  22,  1858,  aged 
thirty-one  years;  Matthias  A.,  who  died  in  California  in  May,  1871,  aged  forty-two 
years;  Dennis,  a  farmer  in  Middlebury  township;  Obed  H.,  who  died  while  a  soldier 
in  the  Union  army,  November  19,  1861,  aged  twenty-eight  years;  Alfred  A.,  a 
resident  of  Middlebury,  and  Liscomb  L.,  who  resides  in  the  west.  All  of  this  family 
except  Dennis  and  Liscomb  were  school  teachers.  Mrs.  Andrews  died  September 
7,  1880,     She  was  a!  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 

Dennis  Andrews,  a  son  of  James  E.  Andrews,  was  born  in  Venice,  Cayuga 
county.  New  York,  April  10, 1831,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  When 
eighteen  years  old  he  commenced  learning  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed 
in  his  native  county  until  the  removal  of  the  family  to  this  county  in  1855.  He 
joined  his  father  in  the  purchase  of  the  present  homestead,  off  whieb  he  sold  100 
acres  in  January,  1896,  retaining  seventy-five  acres,  and  has  since  devoted  his 
attention  to  farming  and  lumbering  in  connection  with  his  trade.  Mr.  Andrews 
was  married  June  21,  1857,  to  Charlotte  M.  Cady,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  A.  Cady, 
who  has  borne  him  six  children,  viz:  Francis  S.,  a  carpenter  of  Wellsboro;  Gardner 
L.,  who  also  follows  that  trade  in  Wellsboro;  Eddie  P.,  and  Flora  A.,  both  of  whom 
died  in  infancy;  Eobert  S.,  who  lives  on  the  home  farm,  and  Grace  L.,  at  home. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Andrews  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  filled  the  oflaee  of  township  assessor. 
He,  wife  and  daughter,  Grace,  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  His  sons, 
Gardner  L.  and  Eobert  S.,  are  members  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

Hiram  Wahren  Avas  born  in  Eoxbury,  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  descendant 
of  the  brother  of  General  Warren  of  Eevolutionary  fame,  and  his  father  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Continental  army,  and  was  wounded  at  Bunker  Hill.  Hiram  Warren  was 
reared  in  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  about  1838, 


812  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

locating  in  Charleston  township.  He  was  a  shoemaker,  and  followed  his  trade  until 
his  death.  His  wife,  Maiy,  was  a  daughter  of  Ludwig  Hart,  of  Charleston  town- 
ship, and  bore  him  ten  children,  viz:  James,  a  farmer  of  Nelson  township;  Majy, 
wife  of  Coleman  Furmaji,  of  Wellsboro;  Sylvester,  who  died  in  infancy;  Nancy, 
deceased  wife  of  Andrew  Teachman;  Elijah,  a  resident  of  Charleston  township; 
Philo  S.,  a  farmer  of  Middlehury;  Solon  S.,  who  lives  in  Wellsboro;  Martha,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  seven  years;  Alonzo,  a  farmer  of  Chatham,  and  George,  a  resident 
of  Delmar. 

Philo  S.  "Waeeen,  son  of  Hiram  Warren,  was  born  in  Herkimer  county.  New 
York,  September  30, 1835,  and  was  three  years  old  when  his  paients  came  to  Tioga 
county.  He  was  reared  in  Charleston  township,  and  worked  as  a  farm  hand  until 
he  was  twenty-one  years  old,  when  he  moved  on  a  farm  in  Chatham  township 
owned  by  his  wife,  a  part  of  his  present  property.  In  1865  he  purchased  the  land 
adjoining,  which  he  now  owns,  and  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  He  worked 
in  the  lumber  woods  during  the  winter  seasons  for  many  years,  with  the  exception  of 
four  months  that  he  was  employed  by  the  United  States  government  in  a  construction 
corps  during  the  Eebellion.  On  February  10,  1856,  he  married  Anna  M.  Chamber- 
lain, a  daughter  of  Simon  S.  and  Mercy  (Keeney)  Chamberlain.  She  was  bom 
December  6,  1833,  and  is  the  onJy  living  descendant  of  the  Chamberlain  family  in 
Tioga  county.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Jasper  C,  a  Free 
Will  Baptist  minister,  located  at  Keeneyville,  and  Bion  S.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warren 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Kepublican. 

BioN  Snydee  Waeeen  was  born  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  De- 
cember 25,  1859,  and  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  the  State  Normal 
at  Mansfield.  He  has  remained  upon  the  homestead  farm,  assisting  in  its  cultiva- 
tion. On  July  13,  1881,  he  married  Sarah  J.  Stewart,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  and 
Hannah  (Ellison)  Stewart,  of  Farmington  township,  and  has  three  children.  Earl 
M.,  Eppa  M.  and  Pearl  M.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  Mr.  Warren  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 
society. 

Simon  Snydee  Chamberlain  was  born  in  Belfast,  Allegany  county.  New 
York,  in  1804,  a  son  of  Calvin  and  Isabel  (Ives)  Chamberlain,  and  was  reared  there 
and  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  His  father  was  bom  in  Eoxbury,  Massachusetts,  in 
1771,  the  third  son  of  Simon  Chamberlain,  one  of  three  brothers  who  came  from 
England  to  Eoxburj',  where  he  married  a  Miss  Dodge  and  reared  a  family  of  four 
sons  and  five  daughters.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Ambrose  Ives,  and  a  sister 
of  Timothy,  Titus  and  Benajah  Ives,  early  settlers  of  Tioga.  To  Calvin  and  Isabel 
Chamberlain  were  born  four  children,  viz:  Chandler,  Simon  S.,  Ives  and  Deborah. 
The  father  came  to  the  Cowanesque  valley  early  in  the  century  and  spent  the  re- 
maining years  of  his  life  in  this  part  of  the  State,  and  New  York  state,  dying  in 
Middlebury  township,  at  the  home  of  his  son,  Simon  S.,  in  1859,  aged  eighty-eight 
years.  His  wife  died  in  Farmington  to^^^lship  in  1834,  aged  seventy-one  years. 
Simon  S.  came  to  Middlebury  in  1824  and  settled  on  Crooked  creek,  on  land"  pur- 
chased from  the  Bingham  estate.  He  married  Mercy  Keeney,  a  daughter  of  Deacon 
Thomas  Keeney,  a  soldier  of  the  War  of  1812.  Mr.  Keeney  settled  in  Middlebury 
m  1815.     He  married  Anna  Parshall,  a  daughter  of  Israel  and  Euth  Parshall   of 


BIOGSAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  813 


Chemung  county,  New  York.  They  were  charter  members  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Tioga,  organized  in  1816.  To  Simon  S.  and  Mercy  Chamberlain  were 
born  two  children,  viz:  Anna  M.,  wife  of  Philo  S.  Warren,  and  Snyder  K.,  de- 
ceased.    Mrs.  Chamberlain  died  July  29, 1889,  and  her  husband,  March  14,  1891. 

DwiGHT  CuMMiNGS,  a  natiTB  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  born  July  37, 1818, 
is  a  son  of  Gurdon  and  Abigail  (Pettis)  Cummings,  natives  of  Connecticut,  of 
Scotch-Irish  extraction.  He  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1856,  and 
for  one  year  rented  a  farm  in  Chatham  township  and  the  following  two  years 
worked  a  rented  farm  in  Middlebury.  He  then  purchased  seventy  acres  of  land  in 
Middlebiiry,  to  which  he  has  added  until  he  now  owns  250  acres  of  well-improved 
land.  On  November  6, 1845,'he  married  Sally  Wormer,  who  was  bom  July  15, 1827. 
Five  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  imion,  viz:  Frances  B.,  wife  of  John  Hagen- 
camp,  of  Deerfield;  Charles  Giu-don,  of  Middlebury;  Ellen  J.,  wife  of  David  French, 
of  the  same  township;  Burdett  C,  also  a  resident  of  Middlebury,  and  Abram  W., 
a  physician  of  Oswayo,  Potter  county.  Mrs.  Cummings  died  Augu-st  6,  1881.  Po- 
litically, Mr.  Cummings  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry. 

Chaeles  Guedon  Cummings,  eldest  son  of  Dwight  Cummings,  was  bom  in 
Cayuga  county.  New  York,  December  16,  1847.  Coming  to  this  county  with  his 
parents  when  about  ten  years  of  age,  he  worked  on  the  homestead  farm  until  his 
majority,  and  then  began  working  in  the  lumber  woods  in  the  winter  seasons,  and 
on  farms  in  summer  time,  which  he  followed  six  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period 
he  rented  a  farm  in  Chatham  township,  stayed  there  one  year,  and  then  moved  to 
the  farm  in  Middlebury  township  which  he  now  owns.  He  worked  it  on  shares 
for  five  years,  and  in  August,  1880,  bought  the  property,  which  embraces  116  acres. 
He  has  since  purchased  349  acres  more  in  Middlebury,  and  thus  owns  465  acres  of 
land.  He  erected  his  present  fine  home  in  1888,  and  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers 
of  his  township.  Mr.  Cummings  married  Emma  J.  Button,  a  daughter  of  Ralph 
Button,  of  Middlebury,  November  15,  1874.  Eight  children  have  been  bom  to 
this  union,  viz:  Claude  G.,  Earl  D.,  George  B.,  Roy  E.,  Ella  J.,  Lee  "W.,  Kate  M., 
and  William  C,  the  last  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  In  politics,  the  family  affiliates 
with  the  Republicans,  and  Mr.  Cummings  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 
He  is  a  good  example  of  what  energy  and  perseverance  can  accomplish.  Twenty 
years  ago  he  was  working  as  a  farm  hand,  while  to-day  he  is  one  of  the  largest  prop- 
erty owners  and  most  substantial  citizens  of  Middlebury  township. 

Amos  E.  Rowley,  inventor  and  cabinet  maker,  was  born  at  Southampton, 
Massachusetts,  January  4, 1825,  a  son  of  Chester  and  Rispa  (Barnes)  Rowley,  natives 
of  Massachusetts.  His  parents  reared  the  following  children:  Horace,  deceased; 
Mary,  wife  of  Moses  Thorpe,  of  Cahfomia;  Hayden,  of  Saginaw  City,  Michigan; 
Amos  E.,  of  Middlebury  township;  Elvira,  wife  of  Henry  Wells,  of  New  Haven, 
Connecticut;  Gensie,  Lewis,  Benjamin  and  James,  all  of  whom  reside  in  Connecti- 
cut. Amos  E.  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade  in  Massachusetts,  and  followed  that 
business  in  the  East  up  to^  1859,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He 
settled  at  Keeneyville,  and  has  since  followed  his  trade  in  this  county,  with  the 
exception  of  ten  years  spent  in  Wellsville,  Coming  and  Sandy  Hill,  New  York.  He 
retired  from  active  work  in  1894,  while  a  resident  of  Wellsboro,  removing  to  his 


814  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

farm  in  Middlebury  township,  where  he  devotes  his  attention  to  inventing,  a  business 
that  has  received  a  large  portion  of  his  time  from  early  manhood.  Among  his 
principal  inventions  are  the  Eowley  Car  Coupler,  the  Eowley  Power  Mortising 
Chisel,  which  removes  its  own  chips,  the  Eowley  Bosom  Board,  the  Eowley  Weight 
Power,  and  the  Eowley  Eotating  Churn  Dash,  all  of  which  have  been  fairly  success- 
ful. In  1844  he  was  married  at  AYaterville,  l^'ew  York,  to  Ellen  Tower,  who  bore 
him  seven  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Alice,  wife  of  Eev.  Bain,  of  Edmes- 
ton,  IsTew  York;  Frank,  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister,  of  Troupsburg,  New  York; 
Charles,  a  pattern  maker  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  and  Eose,  wife  of  James  Shaff, 
of  Middlebury  toAvnship.  Mr.  Eowley's  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Mills,  and  his  present 
wife,  Mrs.  Mary  Brown,  nee  Shaff.    In  polities,  he  is  an  ardent  Eepublican. 

Sylvester  E.  Adamy,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Catherine  (Brink)  Adamy,  was 
bom  in  Schuyler  county,  New  York,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about 
1853.  He  located  near  Tioga,  where  he  worked  in  a  saw-mill  three  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Wisconsin.  Five  years  later  he  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased 
a  farm  near  Keeneyville,  but  continued  working  in  saw-mills  imtil  his  death,  in 
1873.  He  married  Eoxina  Brown,  a  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Brown.  Eight  children 
were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  George  E.,  a  merchant  of  Niles  Valley;  Almira, 
wife  of  Abram  Lyon;  Daniel,  a  train  dispatcher  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Dewitt, 
deceased;  Clara  B.,  wife  of  Henry  Sweet,  of  Middlebury;  Catherine  A.,  wife  of 
Versal  Ives,  of  the  same  township;  Minnie  A.,  wife  of  William  Ellison,  also  a  resi- 
dent of  Middlebury,  and  Abram  L.,  a  resident  of  Galeton,  Potter  county. 

George  E.  Adamy,  merchant  and  proprietor  of  saw-mills  at  Niles  Valley,  is 
a  native  of  New  York  state,  bom  September  31,  1851.  When  twenty-one  years  old 
he  went  to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  but  returned  to  Tioga  county  one  year  later  and 
foimd  employment  as  an  engineer  in  a  saw-mill  for  three  years.  For  the  succeeding 
nine  years  he  was  engineer  at  the  Niles  Valley  tannery,  and  later  carried  on  the 
livery  business  in  Elmira,  New  York.  Eeturning  to  Niles  Valley,  he  was  foreman 
in  the  tannery  four  years.  He  then  purchased  his  present  home  and  mercantile 
business,  which  he  has  since  successfully  carried  on,  also  operating  a  saw  and  shingle- 
mill.  Besides  his  property  at  Niles  Valley,  he  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  in  Chatham 
township.  Mr.  Adamy  was  married  July  25,  1875,  to  Mary  A.  Wedge,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Wedge,  of  Niles  Valley,  and  has  six  children,  viz:  May,  Burt,  Henry  S., 
Georgianna,  Louisa  and  Laura  E.  The  family  is  connected  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  chiirch.  In  polities,  Mr.  Adamy  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Jacob  B.  Conley  was  born  at  Lock,  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  November  23, 
1827.  His  father,  Jacob  Conley,  was  bom  in  the  same  county  about  1788,  and  died 
in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1S84,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  son.  He  was  twice 
married  and  the  father  of  fourteen  children.  His  first  wife,  a  Miss  Howard, 
bore  him  twelve  children,  of  whom  Jacob  B.  was  the  fifth.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  whence  he  removed  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1854.  He  bought  a  farm  in  Chatham  township,  lived  there 
up  to  1860,  then  sold  out  and  returned  to  New  York.  In  1865  he  came  back 
to  this  county  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Middlebury  township,  on  the  Chatham  line, 
which  he  sold  two  years  later  and  bought  the  present  Conley  farm  of  forty-one  acres 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §15 


in  the  spring  of  1867.  While  working  in  the  lumber  woods,  he  was  killed  by  a 
rolling  log,  December  23,  1867.  His  wife,  Martha  J.,  whom  he  married  January  1, 
1850,  was  a  daughter  of  Jefferson  and  Sophronia  (Henderson)  Bowker.  She  was 
bom  January  29,  1832,  and  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Amelia,  wife  of  Charles 
Corkins,  of  Colorado;  Brmina  M.,  who  married  Ira  Briggs;  Jefferson  B.,  a  farmer  in 
Middlebury,  and  Sophronia,  wife  of  Alvin  Rice,  of  Charleston  township.  Mrs.  Con- 
ley  was  again  married  in  1870,  to  Silas  Staples,  who  died  June  3,  1888.  His  widow 
now  resides  with  her  son,  Jefferson  B.,  in  Middlebury  township. 

Jeffebson  B.  Conley,  only  son  of  Jacob  B.  and  Martha  J.  Conley,  was  born 
in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  September  1,  18G5.  When  fifteen  years  of 
age  he  commenced  working  out  as  a  farm  hand,  at  which  he  continued  for  three 
years.  He  then  returned  to  the  homestead  farm,  and  bought  the  property,  on  which 
he  has  since  resided.  For  five  years  he  fanned  on  a  small  scale  and  engaged  in  sell- 
ing wagons  and  farming  implements  and  running  a  threshing  machine.  In  1888 
he  bought  what  is  known  as  the  Ralph  Button  property.  Six  years  later  he  also 
purchased  the  George  Weller  place,  and  commenced  farming  on  a  larger  scale, 
keeping  quite  a  large  dairy.  In  1894  he  was  burned  out,  sustaining  a  heavy  loss, 
but  the  same  year  he  rebuilt.  Mr.  Conley  was  married  April  13, 1879,  to  Alice  West, 
a  daughter  of  Philander  West,  who  has  borne  him  four  children,  viz:  Lola  E.,  de- 
ceased; Martha  J.,  Nina  E.,  and  Wand  V.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conley  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Politically, 
he  is  an  independent  voter,  and  is  connected  with  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  society. 

Thomas  Colegeove,  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  bom  Pebraary  32,  1785,  was 
a  son  of  Oliver  Colegrove,  a  grandson  of  Eli  Colgrove,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Francis  Colegrove,  who  came  from  England  about  1667,  and  located  at  Warwick, 
Rhode  Island.  Thomas  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1841,  and  settled  in  Lawrence 
township,  where  he  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  his  death,  February 
3,  1854.  He  was  married  in  Rhode  Island,  to  Polly  Brightman,  who  bore  him  ten 
children,  viz:  Taber,  Zachariah  P.,  John  N.,  Charlotte  and  Marilda,  all  of  whom 
are  dead;  Willet  S.,  a  resident  of  Knoxville;  Andrew  J.,  who  lives  in  Faxmington; 
George  T.,  of  Middlebury;  Henry  B.,  a  farmer  in  Lawrence  township,  and  Aurilla, 
wife  of  Robert  Babeock,  of  Lawrence.  Mrs.  Colegrove  died  in  December,  1864, 
sun'iving  her  husband  over  ten  years. 

Geoege  Thomas  Colegeove  was  bom  in  Troupsburg,  New  York,  August  19, 
1830,  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Polly  Colegrove.  He  was  eleven  years  old  when  his 
parents  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  he  grew  to  manhood  in  Lawrence  township. 
When  twenty-three  years  of  age  he  purchased  land  in  Farmington  township,  lived 
there  until  1865,  and  then  bought  a  farm  near  Holiday,  in  Middlebury  township, 
which  he  soon  afterwards  sold.  In  1873  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  145  acres, 
a  part  of  which  lies  in  Farmington  township,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  cultivat- 
ing it.  In  1853  he  married  Clarissa  E.  Bradley,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Bradley,  of 
Farmington  township.  She  was  bom  July  27,  1837,  and  has  borne  him  six  chil- 
dren, viz:  Eugene  T.,  a  farmer  in  Tioga  township;  Martha  J.,  wife  of  Frank  Lutz, 
of  Middlebury;  James  E.,  who  died  September  18,  1887,  aged  twenty-seven  years; 
Warren  W.,  who  lives  in  Steuben  county,  New  York;  Alma  A.,  wife  of  Byron  D. 
Paris,  of  Lawrence  township,  and  Cora  L.,  wife  of  Abram  Ballman,  of  Middlebury. 


gj^g  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Mrs.  Colegrove  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Politically,  Mr. 
Colegrove  is  a  Kepublican,  and  a  well-known,  successful  farmer. 

Geoege  Eude  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  in  1837,  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Cayuga  county,  New  York,  when  about  two  years  of  age,  and  there  received  a  good 
education.  He  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1853;  remained  eight  years, 
and  then  returned  to  Cayuga  county,  New  York.  A  few  years  later  he  returned  to 
Tioga  and  purchased  the  present  Eude  farm  in  Middlebury  township.  Here 
he  devoted  his  time  and  attention  to  agriculture  for  the  succeeding  thirty 
years,  dying  on  the  old  homestead,  April  17,  1893.  He  married  Lucy  A.  Saxbury, 
a  daughter  of  Adam  Saxbury,  of  Chatham  toAvnship,  to  which  union  were  bom 
four  children,  as  follows:  Abigail,  wife  of  George  Brimmer,  of  Osceola;  Jonas, 
deceased;  Orson,  bom  July  7,  1859,  and  George,  bom  May  7,  1869.  Orson  and 
George  live  upon  the  old  homestead,  which  is  owned  by  the  latter.  Their  mother 
makes  her  home  with  them.  They  are  engaged  in  the  business  of  hay  pressing, 
threshing,  shingle  sawing,  wood  cutting,  and  feed  grinding,  by  steam  power,  own 
two  large  engines,  and  carry  on  a  profitable  trade.  Both  are  adherents  of  the  Ee- 
publican  party,  and  George  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  H'usbandry. 

John  T.  Puhvis,  county  surveyor,  was  bom  in  Cumberland,  Maine,  June  10, 
1823,  a  son  of  Adam  and  Euth  (Tibbets)  Purvis,  natives  of  Maine,  and  grandson  of 
Adam  Purvis,  a  native  of  Scotland.  His  father  was  a  clothier,  and  died  at  Yar- 
mouth, Maine,  January  15,  1878,  aged  seventy-eight  years.  His  mother  died 
August  9,  1876,  aged  seventy-six  years.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children, 
viz:  Andrew,  deceased;  John  T.,  of  Niles  Valley;  Julia,  wife  of  Mr.  Cobb,  of  Yar- 
mouth, Maine;  Susan,  deceased;  Buthetta,  wife  of  Andrew  Leighton,  of  Yarmouth; 
and  Anna,  Jane  and  Mary,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  John  T.  received  an  academic 
education,  graduating  from  Lewiston  Falls  Academy.  He  learned  the  cabinet 
maker's  trade,  and  in  1842  went  to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  lumbering  two  years.  He  then  located  on  Pine  creek,  near  the  site  of 
Ansonia,  Tioga  county,  and  carried  on  a  large  lumber  business  for  nine  years.  He 
next  removed  to  Sinnamahoning,  Cameron  county,  as  superintendent  for  Phelps, 
Dodge  &  Company,  extensive  lumber  operators,  which  position  he  filled  seven  years. 
Tn  the  meantime  he  had  studied  the  art  of  surveying,  and  the  last  year  he  spent 
with  Phelps,  Dodge  &  C^ompany  he  was  employed  in  that  capacity.  Eemoving  to 
Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Mr.  Purvis  formed  a  partnership  with  Calvin  Kelly  and 
opened  a  general  store,  which  they  carried  on  two  years.  In  1867  he  located  at 
Niles  Valley,  in  Middlebury  township,  purchased  his  present  residence,  and  erected 
a  store  building,  in  which  he  conducted  the  mercantile  business  up  to  1885.  He 
has  been  station  agent  at  Niles  ■\''alley  since  the  Pall  Brook  railroad  was  built,  but 
has  devoted  a  great  deal  of  his  time  to  siirveying,  and  is  at  present  filling  the  office 
of  county  surveyor.  Mr.  Purvis  was  married  February  11,  1855,  tO'  Harriet  E. 
Herrington,  a  daughter  of  Eeiiben  Herrington,  one  of  the  eai-ly  settlers  on  Pine 
creek,  where  Mrs.  Purvis  was  bom  April  17,  1830.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  Politically,  Mr.  Purvis  is  a  Democrat,  is  also  a  member  of  the  F. 
&  A.  M.,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  Middlebury. 

Aaeon  Vandeehoof,  a  native  of  Kew  Jersey,  was  bom  September  27,  1814, 
and  grew  to  maturity  in  that  State.     He  followed  farming  there  up  to  I867',  when 


BIOGBAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  817 

lie  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  103  acres  of  land  in  the 
western  part  of  Middlebury  township.  Here  he  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits 
uiitil  1886,  in  which  year  he  sold  out  to  his  son,  George,  and  returned  to  New  Jer- 
sey, where  he  died,  February  25,  1893.  His  wife,  Delila  Wagner,  was  bom  in  New 
Jersey,  June  22,  1817,  and  reared  five  children,  viz:  Lydia  A.,  wife  of  Theodore 
PauUison,  of  New  Jersey:  Susie,  wife  of  John  P.  Lantz,  of  the  same  State;  Ophelia, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  forty-three;  Aaron,  a  farmer  of  Tioga  township,  and  George, 
of  Middlebury.    Mrs.  Vanderhoof  is  a  resident  of  New  Jersey. 

Gbokge  Vandeehoof  was  bom  in  Passaic  county.  New  Jersey,  October  25, 1852, 
youngest  child  of  Aaron  Vanderhoof.  He  came  to  this  county  with  his  parents  in 
1867,  and  worked  on  the  home  farm  up  to  1881.  He  then  moved  to  Hammond, 
where  he  first  rented  and  afterwards  purchased  a  faim.  Five  years  later  he  bought 
the  old  homestead,  and  soon  after  sold  his  farm  at  Hammond.  In  1891  he  pur- 
chased fifty-three  acres  adjoining  the  home  farm,  upon  which  he  has  lived  for  the 
pa^t  ten  years,  devoting  his  attention  to  agriculture.  Mr.  Vanderhoof  married 
Majy  D.  Spaulding,  a  daughter  of  Sem  P.  Spaulding,  in  1876.  She  was  bom  June 
17,  1851,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Sem  P.,  a  resident  of  New 
Jersey;  Mary  E.,  John,  Monroe  H.,  Susie  L.,  Clyde,  Jennie  M.,who  died  in  childhood; 
Dorothy,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Vanderhoof  is  a  member  of  the  L. 
0  .T.  M.,  while  her  husband  is  connected  with  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  In 
politics,  the  family  are  adherents  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

John  B.  Faee,  Se.,  a  native  of  England,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
about  1800,  and  finally  settled  on  a  farm  in  Sullivan  township.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  War  of  1812.  His  wife,  Lydia,  was  a  native  of  Germany,  and  bore  him  the 
following  children,  viz:  John  B.,  William,  Jacob,  Josiah,  Seely,  a  resident  of 
Chemung  county.  New  York;  Czar,  a  resident  of  Jackson  township;  Polly,  Lucy, 
Betsey  and  Lydia.  Mr.  Farr  and  wife  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-four  and  eighty- 
six  years,  respectively. 

John  B.  Uaee,  eldest  child  of  John  B.  Farr,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1804.  In  early  life  he  was  a  mail  carrier  and  stage  driver,  and  later 
engaged  in  the  saw-mill  business.  He  maiTied  Caroline  Ives,  who  bore  him  the  fol- 
lowing children,  viz:  Adelaide,  Jacob,  Isaac  and  Sarah  J.,  all  of  whom  are  dead; 
Lydia  A.,  wife  of  Charles  Dimmick,  of  Tioga;  Lafayette,  of  Middlebury;  Juliette 
and  Samuel,  both  deceased;  Barney  and  Albert,  residents  of  Elkland,  and  Allen, 
deceased.     Mr.  Farr  died  in  1860,  and  his  wife  in  1891,  aged  eighty  years. 

Lafayette  Fake  was  born  at  Seely  Creek,  New  York,  June  15,  1845,  a  son  of 
John  B.  and  Caroline  Farr,  and  grandson  of  John  B.  Farr,  Sr.  In  the  autumn  of 
1863,  when  but  eighteen  years  old,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Eleventh  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Peach  Bottom,  Black  Water,  City 
Point,  Johnson  Farm,  Eeam's  Station,  Darbytown,  Five  Forks,  Berksville  Station, 
and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Lee.  He  was  discharged  in  September,  1865, 
at  Philadelphia,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  this  county.  He  followed  lumbering 
for  a  time,  then  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  finally  engaged  in  farming,  which 
has  since  been  his  occupation.  He  owns  a  farm  of  115  acres  near  Hammond,  which 
he  has  rented,  and  lives  on  the  farm  of  A.  C.  Cole.  Mr.  Farr  was  married  September 
6, 1874,  to  Mary  A.  Eeiger,  and  has  two  children,  Jennie  D.  and  Nida  M.     In  poli- 

52 


818  HISTORY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


tics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  served  two  terms  as  supervisor  ajid  one  term  as  assistant 
assessor  of  his  township.  He  is  a  m.ember  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  G.  A.  R. 
societies. 

GrEOEGE  W.  Pbckham  was  horn  in  Middletown,  Ehode  Island,  May.  14,  1829,  a 
son  of  Timothy  and  Zoa  (Maxen)  Peckham,  natives  of  Rhode  Island.  His  father, 
who  died  February  3,  1834,  was  a  son  of  Philip  Peckham,  a  soldier  in  the  War  of 
1813,  who  owned  and  sold  to  the  government  the  land  on  which  Port  Adams  stands, 
at  Newport,  Ehode  Island.  George  W.  is  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  six  children, 
viz:  Cyrus,  Sarah,  Phoebe,  George  W.,  James,  deceased,  and  Annie  W.  The 
mother  died  in  1879.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion in  his  native  town,  and  when  nineteen  years  old  went  to  Providence,  where  he 
learned  the  machinist's  trade.  He  worked  there  up  to  1859,  and  then  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  embarked  in  the  printing  business,  but  returned  to  Rhode  Island 
two  years  later  and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1881  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  located  on  his  present  farm  of  100  acres,  then  the  property  of  Ezra 
Potter.  Mr.  Peckham  married  Matilda  Potter,  a  daughter  of  Ezra  and  Eunice 
(Sweet)  Potter,  June  30,  1851.  Nine  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  as 
follows:  Ida  E.,  deceased  wife  of  Charles  Monroe,  of  Warren,  Ehode  Island;  Zoa  A., 
wife  of  E.  A.  Newman,  of  Bristol,  same  State;  George  E.,  proprietor  of  a  book  store 
in  New  York  City;  Albert  S.,  mercantile  agent  of  Brooklyn,  New  York;  Josephine 
L.,  a  trained  nurse  of  New  York  City;  Frank  0.,  cashier  and  book-keeper  in  a  whole- 
sale grocery  of  New  York;  James  S.,  deceased;  William  E.,  who  lives  at  home,  and 
Royal  D.,  a  merchant  tailor  of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peckham  are  members 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  and  the  P.  of  H.,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Re- 
publican party. 

Louis  Albert  Potter  was  bom  at  Albion,  Orleans  county.  New  York,  October 
11, 1837,  a  son  of  Dr.  Stephen  M.  and  Ann  (Harding)  Potter.  Dr.  Potter  was  bom 
in  Washington  county.  New  York,  in  1794,  a  son  of  Benjamin  Potter,  a  sea  captain. 
He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  H.  P.  Moore,  of  Manlius,  New  York,  and  com- 
menced practice  at  Albion,  whence  he  removed  to  Cazenovia,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  represented 
his  county  in  the  General  Assembly  in  1845,  and  was  sheriff  of  Madison  county. 
New  York,  three  years.  He  was  an  ardent  Democrat,  a  prominent  physician,  and 
a  respected  citizen.  He  died  at  Manlius,  New  York,  October  4,  1885,  aged  ninety- 
one  years.  Dr.  Potter  was  thrice  married.  His  first  wife,  Polly  Moore,  bore  him 
one  daughter,  Maria,  deceased  wife  of  John  C.  Remon,  of  Syracuse.  His  second 
wife,  Hulda  Collins,  died  without  issue.  His  third  wife,  Ann  Harding,  was  born 
at  East  Hampton,  Connecticut,  in  August,  1810,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Betsey 
Harding,  and  became  the  mother  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  died  in  infancy. 
The  two  surviving  children  are  Louis  A.,  of  Middlebury  township,  and  Charles  L., 
who  lives  in  Syracuse.  Mrs.  Dr.  Potter  died  in  1893.  Louis  A.  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  adopted  farming  as  his  vocation.  He  first  came  to  Tioga 
county  in  1859,  where  he  found  employment  with  a  lumber  firm  to  scale  logs  and 
measure  lumber.  He  settled  permanently  in  this  county  in  1879,  purchasing  his 
present  farm  near  Middlebury  Center,  to  which  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention. 
In  1861  he  married  Julia  A.  Potter,  a  daughter  of  Henry  H.  and  Malinda  G.  (Ste- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  819 


Yens)  Potter.  She  was  born  in  Tioga  in  1840,  and  has  two  sons,  L.  Clarence,  a  pattern 
maker,  residing  at  Syracuse,  and  Jerome  V.,  who  lives  with  his  parents.  Politi- 
cally, Mr.  Potter  is  a  stanch  Democrat. 

James  Lewis  Beees,  physician  and  surgeon,  Holiday,  was  bom  at  Danby, 
Tompkins  county,  New  York,  November  18,  1859.  Ilis  parents,  Andrew  J.  and 
Jemima  (Kightmyer)  Beers,  were  natives  of  New  York  state.  His  father  was  a 
wagonmaker,  and  died  at  Danby,  February  23,  1891,  aged  sixty^six  years.  His 
mother  died  May  17,  1885,  aged  forty-five  years.  James  L.  was  the  eldest  in  a 
family  of  four  children,  the  others  being  Fred.  E.,  a  resident  of  Ithaca,  New  York; 
Anna,  wife  of  Elbert  Hill,  of  Danby,  and  George  A.,  of  Holiday,  Middlebury  town- 
ship. After  graduating  from  the  Danby  High  School,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  W.  H.  Fisher,  of  Spencer,  New  York, 
later  attended  lectures  at  University  Medical  College,  New  York,  and  graduated 
from  that  institution  in  March,  1883.  He  began  practice  at  Preeville,  Tompkins 
county.  New  York,  removed  one  year  later  to  Sayre,  Bradford  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, practiced  there  one  year,  and  then  located  at  Willseyville,  New  York,  where 
he  remained  eighteen  months.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  went  to  Colorado,  fol- 
lowed his  profession  there  for  a  year  and  a  half,  and  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania. 
He  located  at  Holidaytown,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  built  up  a  lucrative 
practice.  Dr.  Beers  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  marriage  occurred  April  G, 
1883,  to  AUie  Shepard,  a  daughter  of  Salomons  Shepard,  of  Spencer,  New  York, 
who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Luella.  His  second  marriage  took  place  September 
6,  1888,  to  Cora  B.  White,  a  daughter  of  M.  G.  White,  of  Holiday,  Tioga  county. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

William  T.  Compton,  a  native  of  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  a  son  of  John  Comp- 
ton,  was  bom  June  31, 1829,  and  learned  the  miller's  and  millwright's  trades  in  his 
native  State,  which  he  followed  there  up  to  1885.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  and  with  his  son,  Jesse,  took  charge  of  the  Central  Mills,  at  Holiday,  at  the 
mouth  of  Hill's  creek,  which  he  continued  to  operate  until  his  death,  July  6,  1890. 
Mr.  Compton  was  a  well-known  and  successful  miller,  and  did  a  good  business. 
On  July  4,  1856,  he  married  Jane  Butcher,  of  Post  Creek,  New  York,  born  Decem- 
ber 30,  1832,  to  which  union  were  bom  three  children,  viz:  Eobert  A.,  who  lives 
in  Michigan;  Luanna,  wife  of  W.  H.  Hamilton,  of  Coming,  and  Jesse,  of  Holiday, 
Middlebury  township    Mrs.  Compton  died  June  30,  1880. 

Jesse  Compton-,  manager  of  the  Central  Mills,  Holiday,  Middlebury  township, 
Tioga  county,  was  born  at  Cuba,  Allegany  county.  New  York,  August  9,  J  860. 
When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  work  with  his  father  to  learn  the  millwright 
and  miller's  trade,  and  has  followed  that  business  up  to  the  present,  having  been 
connected  with  the  Central  Mills  since  coming  to  Tioga  county,  in  1885.  Mr. 
Compton  was  married  December  18,  1887,  to  Cora  E.  Lyon,  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Lyon,  of  Charleston  township,  to  which  union  have  been  born  five  children,  viz: 
Jane  L.,  Alta  M.,  Pearl  L.,  William  T.,  and  Henry  L.  In  politics,  Mr.  Compton  is 
a  Eepublican.  Since  taking  charge  of  the  Central  Mills,  he  has  built  up  a  good 
trade  and  increased  their  reputation  among  the  people  of  Tioga  county. 

Lemuel  Jackson  was  a  native  of  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  bom  in  1797. 
there  grew  to  manhood  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed  in  his 


820  niSTOKY    OF    TIOGA   COTTNTT. 

native  county  until  the  forties.  He  then  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  on  a 
farm  near  Osceola,  remoTing  a  few  years  later  into  Middlebury  township,  and 
tinally  to  Chatham,  where  he  died  in  1891.  He  was  twice  married.  By  his  first 
wife  there  were  seven  children  born  to  him,  viz:  Smith  and  Isaiah,  both  residents 
of  Bradford  county;  Miner,  who  lives  in  Chatham  township;  George  H.,  of  Nelson, 
Pennsylvania;  Fancy,  wife  of  Abisha  Woodward,  of  Iowa;  Paulina,  wife  of  Edward 
Shepard,  of  Bradford  county,  and  Jane  Ann.,  wife  of  Mordecai  Schoonover,  of  Brad- 
ford county.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  Jane  Clark,  a  native  of  Bradford  county, 
who  bore  him  nine  children,  as  follows:  Esther,  wife  of  Joseph  Crippen,  of  Ne- 
braska; Isabella,  wife  of  Albert  Saxbury,  of  Chatham  township;  Lemuel  W.,  a 
resident  of  Clymer;  James  and  Jerry,  both  of  whom  live  in  Middlebury;  Martin 
v.,  of  Charleston;  General  H.,  of  Chatham;  Amos,  who  lives  at  Academy  Comers, 
and  Flora,  wife  of  Jefferson  Chappel,  of  Deerfield.  Mrs.  Jackson  resides  with  her 
daughter,  Mrs.  Saxbury,  in  Chatham  township. 

Jebht  Jackson  was  born  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  June  10,  1852, 
a  son  of  Lemuel  and  Sarah  Jane  Jackson.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education, 
and  on  attaining  his  majority  commenced  learning  the  blacksmith's  trade  with 
M.  L.  Wilson,  of  Keeneyville,  and  has  since  worked  at  Mansfield,  Holiday  and 
Chatham  Valley.  In  the  spring  of  1886  he  removed  from  Chatham  Valley  to  West 
Valley,  where  he  has  since  built  up  a  good  business,  making  a  specialty  of  horse- 
shoeing. In  1880  he  married  Kittie  Niles,  a  daughter  of  Wallace  Mies,  and  has 
three  children,  viz:  Cleve  Merton,  Nellie  Myrtle  and  Pahy  Homer.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jackson  are  members  of  the  Free  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  has  filled  the  office 
of  deacon,  and  is  at  present  one  of  the  trustees.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  K.  0. 
T.  M.,  and  in  politics,  a  Prohibitionist. 

FAEMINGTOK   TOWNSHIP. 

John  C.  Eobb,  a  son  of  John  Eobb,  was  born  in  Muncy  township,  Lycoming 
county,  Pennsylvania,  November  2,  1809.  His  grandfather,  Eobert  Eobb,  was  an 
ensign  in  the  French  and  Indian  war,  in  1758,  and  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Muncy 
township.  When  about  eleven  years  of  age  John  C.  came  to  Tioga  county  and 
lived  for  a  time  with  Aaron  Niles,  at  Niles  Valley.  He  afterwards  went  to  Law- 
renceville  and  worked  several  years  for  Charles  Ford.  About  1831  he  came  into 
Farmington  township,  and  soon  after  bought  a  farm,  a  part  of  the  Bingham  estate, 
in  the  Peter  Mourey  neighborhood,  which  had  previously  been  occupied  by  a  man 
named  Compton,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  township.  Mr.  Eobb  married  Susan 
Locke,  who  became  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Eachel,  deceased  wife  of 
Eev.  Francis  Eand,  of  West  Berlin,  Massachusetts;  Levi  E.,  deceased;  Minerva, 
wife  of  Jeremiah  E.  Green,  of  Tioga,  and  James  L.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  Levi 
E.  enlisted  September  18,  1861,  and  was  mustered  in  as  sergeant  of  Company  H, 
Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  re-enlisted  January  1,  1864,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  second  lieutenant  January  24,  1865,  and  later  to  the  rank  of  captain.  He 
participated  in  many  battles  and  engagements.  In  the  Wilderness  a  part  of  his 
brigade  was  captured  and  marched  off  southward,  but  Lieutenant  Eobb  determined 
to  escape  and  broke  for  liberty.  The  guard  fired  on  him  and  his  clothes  were 
pierced  by  thirty-two  bullets,  but  he  escaped  safely  and  comparatively  uninjured. 
Eejoining  his  regiment,  he  was  mortally  wounded  at  Fort  Hell,  in  front  of  Peters- 


BIOGSAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  821 


burg,  April  2,  1865,  and  died  at  City  Point  Hospitai  seven  days  later.  John  C. 
Eobb  remained  on  the  homestead  in  Farmington  until  1868,  when  he  sold  it  to  his 
son,  James  L.,  and  removed  to  Tioga,  where  he  died  October  7,  1877.  His  wife  sur- 
vived until  April  6,  1890,  dying  at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  In  politics,  he 
wa^  a  Democrat  until  1860,  when  he  became  a  Eepublican  and  voted  for  Abraham 
Lincoln.  He  served  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  from  1840  to  1845,  and  as  a  county 
auditor  from  1851  to  1854.  In  religion,  he  was  a  Presbyterian,  and  one  of  the 
organizers  and  leading  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Farmington,  in 
which  body  he  served  as  an  elder  for  many  years. 

Waltek  Van"  Dusen,  a  native  of  Schoharie  coimty.  New  York,  settled  in 
Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1835,  where  he  cleared  and 
improved  a  farm  of  130  acres.  In  1870  he  removed  to  'Wellsboro,  and  died  there 
in  April,  1879,  at  the  age  of  eighty-six  years.  He  married  Betsey  Thorne,  and 
they  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Hannah,  who  married  Jonas  Seely; 
John,  Maria,  who  married  Ansel  Wright;  Catherine,  who  married  Franklin  Rus- 
sell; "William,  Polly,  who  married  E.  D.  Fish;  Milo,  Ann,  who  married  Robert 
Potter;  Stephen,  Andrew,  and  James,  who  was  killed  April  2,  1865,  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  Virginia,  while  serving  in  the  Union  army. 

William  Van  Dusbn  was  born  in  Schoharie  county,  ISTew  York,  January  8, 
1822,  and  came  with  his  parents,  Walter  and  Betsey  Van  Dusen,  to  Farmington 
township,  Tioga  county,  in  1835.  On  attaining  his  majority  he  purchased  a  tract 
of  fifty  acres  in  Farmington,  for  which  he  went  in  debt  $200,  and  before  the  principal 
was  all  paid,  the  interest  amounted  to  $108.  He  subsequently  added  to  his  original 
purchase  until  he  owned  ninety  acres,  which  he  sold.  In  1863  he  bought  the  Lemuel 
Cady  homestead  of  100  acres,  and  subsequently  added  thereto  100  acres  more.  A 
good  share  of  the  last  tract  he  cleared  and  improved,  and  resided  upon  this  farm  until 
his  death.  Mr.  Van  Dusen  married  Emily  Cady,  a  daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Ruth 
(Gleason)  Cady,  to  which  union  were  born  four  children,  viz:  Oscar  A.,  .Tosephine, 
deceased;  Frank  and  Fred,  the  last  two  being  twins.  In  politics,  he  wa.o  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  in  religious  belief,  a  Methodist.  He  held  many  of  the  local  ofl&ces 
in  Farmington,  was  highly  respected  in  the  community,  where  he  spent  nearly  sixty 
years  of  his  Ufe,  and  always  took  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 

Frank  Van  Dusen,  son  of  AVilliam  Van  Dusen,  and  grandson  of  Walter  Van 
Dusen,  was  bom  in  Farmington  township,  September  29,  1863.  He  was  reared 
upon  the  old  homestead,  and  obtained  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  and  gradiiated  at  Allen's  Business  College, 
Elmira,  New  York,  in  1884.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Fall  Brook  Rail- 
road Company,  as  station  agent  at  Harrison  Valley,  Potter  county,  remaining  there 
one  year.  He  was  afterwards  one  of  the  keepers  in  the  New  York  State  Reforma- 
tory, at  Elmira,  which  position  he  held  nine  m.onths.  In  the  autumn  of  1887  he 
returned  home,  and  taught  one  term  of  school.  In  1888-89  he  was  constable  of 
Farmington  township,  since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  on  the  old 
homestead.  It  comprises  100  acres,  and  he  also  owns  107  acres  known  as  the  John 
Van  Dusen  farm.  He  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and  during  the  session  of  1892, 
he  was  door-keeper  of  the  House  at  Harrisburg,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  con- 
vention in  the  same  city  in  1894.     On  June  30,  1887,  Mr.  Van  Dusen  married  Dell 


822  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Hall,  a  daughter  of  George  M.  and  Sarah  (Green)  Hall,  of  Farmmgixjii,  and  has  had 
two  children,  Gusta  and  Euth,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Van  Dusen  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  He  is  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing citizens  of  his  township. 

EoBEET  Casbeee,  a  son  of  "William  and  Catherine  (Jay)  Casbeer,  was  bom  at 
Owego,  Tioga  coimty,  New  York,  September  4,  1811,  and  was  reared  in  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  from  the  age  of  five  years,  in  the  family  of  Deacon 
Elihu  Hill.  On  attaining  manhood  he  worked  Mr.  Hill's  farm  five  years,  and  for 
five  years  afterwards  was  engaged  in  farming  in  WoodhuU,  Wew  York.  In  1841 
he  settled  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  cleared  and  improved 
upwards  of  300  acres  of  land,  upon  wliich  he  lived  for  many  years,  removing  late 
in  life  to  Osceola,  and  dying  in  1893.  His  first  wife  was  Susan  House,  and  they 
were  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Ann,  wife  of  Aaron  E.  Baker;  Benja- 
min, deceased;  Catherine  J.,  wife  of  John  E.  Smith;  Daniel  E.,  Emily,  wife  of 
Jerome  Spencer;  Flora,  wife  of  Benjamin  Adams,  and  Gratia,  wife  of  Fred  Gaig. 
Mr.  Casbeer  was  a  man  of  positive  character  and  decided  views,  and  possessed  a  vig- 
orous and  energetic  nature.  He  was  ever  ready  to  help  the  needy,  often  refusing 
to  sell  his  farm  produce  for  money,  saying  to  the  would-be  purchaser,  "You  have 
money  and  can  buy  of  others,  while  I  have  poor  neighbors  to  whom  I  must  sell  and 
wait  for  my  pay."  His  wife,  Susan,  was,  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  a  helpmeet. 
Brought  up  in  an  atmosphere  of  refinement,  a  school  teacher  before  her  marriage, 
and  possessing  a  naturally  self-reliant  disposition,  she  was  in  every  way  qualified  to 
help  make  a  Christian  home.  She  was  an  earnest  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  About  two  years  after  Mrs.  Casbeer's  death,  Mr.  Casbeer  married  for  his 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Maria  Barker  Fish,  an  estimable  Christian  woman,  kind  and 
efficient  in  all  her  ways.  She  survived  him  nearly  two  years.  Mr.  Casbeer  was  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  a  sincere  and  consistent  Christian,  and  did 
much  to  shape  and  mould  the  moral  sentiment  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived. 
He  always  took  a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs,  and  served  as  assessor  of  Farming- 
ton  township  seventeen  successive  terms.     In  polities,  he  was  a  Eepublican. 

Daniel  E.  Casbbee  was  born  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1852,  and  is  the  only  surviving  son  of  Eobert  and  Susan  Casbeer.  He 
grew  to  manhood  upon  the  old  homestead,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  Osceola  High  School.  Farming  has  been  his  life  vocation,  and  he  has 
lived  on  his  present  farm  of  140  acres  since  1877.  Mr.  Casbeer  was  married  No- 
vember 8,  1876,  to  Sarah  Peters,  a  daughter  of  James  E.  and  Priscilla  (Smith) 
Peters,  of  Farmington  township.  Four  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz: 
Bennie  L.,  Fred  D.,  Grace  E.  and  Charlie  E.  Mr.  Casbeer  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  for  twenty  years,  and  is  a  trustee  in  the  Pleasant 
Valley  society.  In  polities  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I  0  0  F 
the  P.  of  H.,  and  K.  S.  F.  I.  '     '     "' 

Caelos  House  was  born  in  Connecticut,  November  8,  1812,  son  of  Ansel  aad 
Nancy  (Beel)  House,  early  settlers  of  Farmington  township.  They  located  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  W.  C.  House  about  1830,  and  there  spent  the  remaining  years 
of  their  lives.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Eockwell,  Andrew,  Carlos,  and  Eliza 
who  married  Daniel  Mourey.     Carlos  assisted  in  clearing  the  old  homestead,  where 


BIOGKAPHIOAL   SKETCHES.  823 


he  resided  until  his  death.  He  was  instrumental  in  having  a  postoffiee  established 
at  Farmington  Center,  of  which  he  was  the  first  incumbent,  holding  the  office  eight 
years.  He  was  married  October  3,  1853,  to  Adelia  Lee — bom  July  28,  1834,  in 
Milford,  Otsego  county,  New  York — a  daughter  of  Barnes  and  Azubah  (Sergrents) 
Lee,  who  bore  him  two  sons,  Willie  C,  and  Clarence  M.,  born  May  8,  1855,  and  died 
in  November,  1855.    Mr.  House  died  December  11,  1887. 

Willie  C.  House,  only  living  cliild  of  Carlos  House,  was  bom  on  the  old 
homestead  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  December  15,  1857,  and  has 
spent  his  entire  life  upon  the  farm.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and 
has  made  farming  his  life  vocation.  On  June  10,  1893,  he  married  Bertha  Dodge, 
bom  June  9, 1873,  a  daughter  of  Alpha  W.  and  Mahala  (Smith)  Dodge,  of  Chatham 
township,  and  has  two  daughters,  Helen  L.,  born  March  3,  1894,  and  Julia  Zella, 
bom  September  24,  1895.  Mr.  House  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 
and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Elisha  Soule  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  May  15,  1806,  a  son  of  Eowland 
and  Mary  (Phelps)  Soule.    In  early  life  he  removed  to  Truxton,  Cortland  county, 
New  York,  where  he  was  married  May  10,  1826,  to  Polly  Colgrove,  a  daughter  of 
William  and  Susannah  (Brightman)  Colgrove.     She  was  born  in  Ehode  Island, 
whence  the  family  removed  to  New  York  state.     Eleven  children  were  the  fruits 
of  this  union,  viz:    Comelia  S.,  wife  of  William  P.  Abbott,  of  Monroe  county,  Wis- 
consin;  Sarah  F.,  wife  of  James  D.  Abbott,  of  the  same  eoimty;  WiUiam  L.,  who 
entered  the  United  States  service  in  March,  1863,  and  contracted  typhoid  fever, 
from  which  he  died  at  his  father's  home  in  Farmington,  October  2,  following; 
Wesley  V.,  a  resident  of  Monroe  county,  Wisconsin;    James  E.,  who  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  September,  1861,  and  served 
with  his  regiment  until  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  May  10,  1864,  where  he  was 
killed;   Catherine  E.,  widow  of  J.  D.  Greenfield;  Perry  E.,  who  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  in  March,  1862,  served  with  his  regiment 
until  1864,  when  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  confined  at  Andersonville  until  De- 
cember of  the  same  year,  when  he  was  paroled  and  sent  to  Annapolis,  Maryland, 
where  he  died,  December  31,  1864;   Amanda  M.,  wife  of  George  W.  Bowen,  of 
Farmington;  Omar  H.,  who  enlisted  in  Company  L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
in  February,  1864,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  is  now  a  resident  of 
Steuben  county.  New  York;    Julia  A.,  deceased  wife  of  Charles  Baker,  of  Law- 
rence township,  and  Lelia  L.,  wife  of  Henry  J.  Weltroth,  of  Williamsport.     In 
1830  Mr.  Soule  settled  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  removing  a  few 
years  later  into  Middlebury  township.     About  1839  he  located  near  Keeneyville,  on 
the  Griffin  farni.     After  living  there  seven  years  he  sold  it  and  retumed  to  Farm- 
ington.    In  1849  he  purchased  the  farm  where  his  son-in-law,  George  W.  Bowen, 
now  lives,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death.    By  sturdy  industry  he  cleared 
and  improved  this  property,  erecting  substantial  buildings,  and  bringing  the  land 
to  a  high  state  of  cultivation.     Mr.  Soule  was  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  both  he  and 
his  wife  were  consistent  members  of  the  Methodist  church.     He  died  April  5,  1871, 
and  his  wife,  November  21,  1885. 

Geohge  W.  Bowen  was  born  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  March 
4,  1839,  a  son  of  David  and  Matilda  (Winser)  Bowen,  formerly  of  Ehode  Island. 


824  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

From  the  age  of  two  yeaxs  he  was  reared  in  the  family  of  Peter  Mourey,  of  Farm- 
ington,  with  whom  he  remained  working  on  the  farm  until  his  majority.  On  Jime 
30,  1861,  he  married  Amanda  M.  Soule,  a  daughter  of  Elisha  and  Polly  Soule,  to 
which  union  have  been  born  seven  children,  viz:  Stella  F.,  Grant  and  Daisy,  all 
of  whom  are  dead;  James  E.,  a  resident  of  Philadelphia;  "Wesley  G.,  a  resident  of 
Corning;  Votcott  E.  and  Alfred.  On  September  2,  1864,  Mr.  Bowen  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served  with 
his  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  August,  1865,  he  bought  the  Preston 
farm  in  Farmington  township,  where  he  lived  until  1873,  in  which  year  he  located 
upon  his  father-in-law's  homestead,  which  has  since  been  his  place  of  residence. 
He  also  owns  a  home  in  Tioga.  Mr.  Bowen  is  a  member  of  Tioga  Eiver  Lodge, 
No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Tioga,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  are  charter  members  of 
Fair  View  Grange,  No.  817,  of  Farmington.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Bowen  are  members  of  Farmington  Hill  Presbyterian  church. 

Hbney  Smith,  a  native  of  Jasper,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  was  bom  Jan- 
uary 39,  1813,  and  came  to  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  before  attaining 
his  majority,  where  he  worked  by  the  month.  After  his  maniage  he  settled  in 
Nelson  township  permanently.  In  early  manhood  he  engaged  in  lumbering,  in 
which  business  he  continued  several  years,  and  later  followed  agriculture,  clearing 
and  improving  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son-in-law,  Jerome  L.  Bosard,  upon 
which  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  January,  1894.  He  married  Phoebe  M.  Cook, 
a  daughter  of  John  Cook,  of  Nelson,  to  which  union  were  born  seven  children,  viz: 
"Willard,  Priscilla,  widow  of  James  E.  Peters;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Charles  E.  Howland; 
Maria,  wife  of  Harry  Baxter;  John  E.,  Alice,  wife  of  Jerome  L.  Bosard,  and  Frances, 
wife  of  Walter  Pease.  Mr.  Smith  was  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

John  E.  Smith  was  born  in  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  January  8,  1848, 
and  is  a  son  of  Henry  Smith.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  township,  ajid  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  Union  Academy.  Since  1870  he  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  in  Fajmington  township.  On  December  23,  1868,  he  married  Catherine, 
a  daughter  of  Eobert  and  Susan  (House)  Casbeer,  of  Farmington,  and  has  four 
children,  viz:  Henry  B.,  Lena  E.,  Susan  H.,  and  Phoebe  M.  Politically,  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  three  years  as  constable  and  collector  of  his 
township.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  so- 
cieties, and  is  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  this  vicinity. 

"William  Baxter,  a  native  of  Delaware  county.  New  York,  bom  in  1803,  was 
a  son  of  Nathan  Baxter,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, about  1836.  He  settled  in  Nelson,  where  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  fumiture  for  several  years,  but  later  located  on  a  farm  in  Farmington  township, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  His  wife,  Eachel,  was  a  daughter  of  James  Paul, 
of  Delaware  county,  New  York,  and  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Sarah  A.,  who 
married  Myron  A.  Johnson;  Alva,  William  H.,  and  Adeline,  who  married  Henry 
Mourey.  Mr.  Baxter  was  a  Democrat,  and  though  not  a  member  of  any  church, 
was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  services  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  society. 

Alva  Baxteh,  eldest  son  of  William  Baxter,  was  bom  in  Delaware  county. 
New  York,  July  6,  1829,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  when  about 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §25 


seven  yeaxs  old.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  Nelson,  and  later  learned  the 
carpenter's  trade,  which  he  has  followed  more  or  less  ever  since.  About  1863  he 
settled  on  the  farm  he  now  occupies  in  Faxmington  township,  embracing  180  acres 
of  land,  the  greater  part  of  which  he  has  cleared  and  improved.  In  1855  he  mar- 
ried Lorency  Gleason,  a  daughter  of  Warren  and  Sarah  A.  (Treat)  Gleason,  of 
Farmington.  Three  children  have  been  bom  to  them,  viz:  Sarah  A.,  Eachel,  wife 
of  Charles  Davenport,  and  Edmn.  Mr.  Baxter  is  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  and  has 
been  assessor  of  Fannington  several  times.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and 
the  P.  of  H.,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  township. 

JuLiFS  A.  Phelps  Mas  bom  in  New  England,  April  19,  1803.  His  parents, 
Oliver  and  Eoxanna  Phelps,  natives  of  New  England,  were  pioneers  of  Nelson  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  both  resided  until  their  death.  They 
had  six  children,  viz:  Lydia,  who  married  Gershom  Clark;  Julius  A.,  Gilbert, 
Oliver,  George  W.,  and  Fidelia,  who  jnarried  Joseph  White.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  settled  in  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  in  early  manhood,  and  was  engaged  in 
farming  in  that  locality  up  to  1842,  when  he  removed  to  Farmington  township,  to 
the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  Warren.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  property, 
and  resided  on  it  until  his  death,  January  2, 1883.  His  wife,  Clarissa,  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Benjamin  Worden,  of  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  bore  him  five  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Maria,  M'ho  married  Charles  Webster;  Caroline,  who  became  the 
wife  of  Benjamin  Powers;  Wesley,  Orilla,  wife  of  Ambrose  Place,  and  Warren. 

WakbejST  Phelps,  youngest  child  of  .Julius  A.  Phelps,  was  bom  in  Mansfield, 
Tioga  county,  October  9,  1838,  and  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead  in  Farmington 
township.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district,  and  has  lived  upon 
his  present  farm,  which  was  settled  by  his  father,  since  he  was  three  years  old. 
February  24,  1858,  he  married  Maria  Teaehman,  a  daughter  of  Abram  and  Louisa 
(Brimmer)  Teaehman,  of  Osceola.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  his  township. 

Eetjben-  H.  Close  was  bom  at  Locke,  Cayuga  coxmty,  New  York,  November 
20, 1832,  a  son  of  Peter  M.  and  Lucretia  (Holmes)  Close.     He  came  with  his  parents 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Farmington 
township,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  E.  W.  Close.     He  remained  at  home  until 
his  majority,  and  for  a  few  years  after  he  was  engaged  in  the  nursery  business  at 
Elmira,  New  York.     On  September  15,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Forty- 
fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  soon  after  entering  the  service  he  was  commis- 
sioned second  lieutenant  of  that  company.     He  was,  however,  taken  sick  and  was 
honorably  discharged  for  disability  about  a  year  later.     Mr.  Close  was  married 
February  16,  1864,  to  Esther  0.  Hurlbut,  a  daughter  of  Lyman  and  Caroline  (Sco- 
viUe)  Hurlbut,  of  Lawrence  township,  to  which  union  have  been  born  the  following 
children:  Carrie  H.,  wife  of  Frank  M.  Leonard,  a  lawyer  of  Wellsville,  New  York- 
Mary  A.,  Eandolph  E.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  tw.enty-four;   William  E    Mead  P ' 
Fred,  deceased,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.     Mr.  Close  was  engaged  in  merchan'- 
dismg  at  Farmington  Hill  for  a  few  years  after  the  war,  and  later  purchased  a  farm 
of  110  acres,  where  he  has  since  resided,  owning  one  of  the  best  improved  farms  in 
the  township.     He  devotes  his  whole  attention  to  the  cultivation  and  improvement 
of  his  land,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  fruit  growing.     He  has  served   as  a  school 


826  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    OOITNTT. 

director  for  twenty-five  years,  being  either  secretary  or  treasurer  of  the  board  during 
this  period,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  and  has  also  filled  the  offices  of  assessor 
or  assistant  assessor  for  fifteen  years  and  those  of  township  clerk  or  treasurer  for 
ten  consecutive  years.  Mrs.  Close  is  a  member  of  Farmington  Hill  Presbyterian 
church.  He  is  connected  with  the  Masonic  order,  and  is  also  a  charter  member  of 
Wallace  Bogart  Post,  No.  363,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Nelson. 

Jacob  B.  Doan  was  bom  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  and  was  a 
son  of  Joshua  Doan.  He  came  from  Scipio,  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1841,  and  after  drifting  about  the  county  for  some  years,  finally  settled 
in  Chatham  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  in  the  meantime  work- 
ing at  the  carpenter's  trade.  He  died  upon  the  homestead  in  1887.  His  wife  was 
Sally  Churchill,  and  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Andrew  J.,  Elizabeth,  who  mar- 
ried Charles  Lines;  Eliza,  wife  of  Nathan  Bard;  Sylvester,  who  married  Polly 
Butler;  Mary,  wife  of  Albert  Baker;  Sally,  wife  of  George  Baker,  and  Jacob,  who 
married  Mary  Owlett.  Mr.  Doan  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
He  was  originally  an  adherent  of  the  Whig  party,  later  a  Eepublican,  and  finally 
an  advocate  of  the  Greenback  doctrines. 

Andeew  Jackson-  Boas  was  born  in  Scipio,  New  York,  July  8,  1833,  and 
came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  in  1841,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  learned 
the  carpenter's  trade,  and  followed  that  business  for  fifteen  years.  In  1868  he 
located  in  Farmington  township,  and  since  1872  he  has  resided  on  the  farm  he  now 
occupies,  comprising  100  acres,  the  greater  part  of  which  he  has  cleared  and  im- 
proved. In  1857  he  married  Melissa  E.  Eowley,  a  daughter  of  Orlando  and  Jane 
Eowley,  of  Farmington,  and  has  one  daughter,  Nellie  E.  Politically,  he  is  a  Pro- 
hibitionist; has  been  mercantile  appraiser  of  Tioga  county,  and  has  served  as  justice 
of  the  peace  four  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  one  of  Farming- 
ton's  progressive  citizens. 

Charles  Blanchaed,  Se.,  a  native  of  New  England,  settled  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  about  1803,  a  few  years  later  removing  to  Lancaster  county, 
and  thence  to  Hairisburg,  where  he  died.  He  was  widely  known  as  a  contractor 
on  public  works,  and  in  the  construction  of  public  roads,  canals,  etc.,  during  the 
early  years  of  the  century.  His  wife  was  a  Miss  Bigelow,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  the  following  children:  Ebenezer,  Duodatus,  Sylvanus,  Charles,  Hopestill,  Han- 
nah, who  manied  Samuel  Snow;  Abigail,  who  married  Hosea  Ballon;  Esther, 
Aurilla,  Ira  and  Lodema. 

Chaeles  Blanchaed  was  born  in  Whitehall,  New  York,  April  11,  1795,  a 
son  of  Charles  Blanchard,  Sr.,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  when 
about  seven  years  of  age.  Before  attaining  his  majority  he  assisted  in  clearing  and 
improving  the  farm  in  Lawrence  township  upon  which  his  father  settled,  and  there 
lived  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  July  11, 1878.  He  married  Lovina  Ham- 
mond, a  daughter  of  Josiah  Hammond,  of  Elkland,  who  became  the  mother  of  nine 
children,  viz:  Oliver  H.,  Hopestill,  Eebecca  A.,  wife  of  Chester  B.  Hoyt;  Cal- 
phurnia,  wife  of  William  Phelps;  Jane  E.,  wife"  of  J.  L.  Hurlbut;  Charles,  Emily, 
wife  of  M.  Eandolph;  Myra  and  Lewis.  Mr.  Blanchard  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Nelson,  of  which  he  was  a  deacon  many  years.     In 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §27 


politics,  he  supported  the  Eepublican  party.     He  was  a  man  of  strict  temperance 
habits,  and  a  member  of  the  first  temperance  society  organized  in  Tioga  county. 

Olivee  H.  BiANCHAED,  eldest  child  of  Charles  and  Lo-vina  Blanehard,  was  bom 
in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  March  4,  1833,  and  was  reared  to  manhood 
on  the  old  homestead.  In  1850  he  settled  in  Farmington  township,  and  cut  the 
first  stick  of  timber  on  the  farm  he  now  occupies,  and  upon  which  he  has  lived  for 
nearly  half  a  century.  Mr.  Blanehard  has  been  twice  married.  January  13,  1853, 
he  married  Emily  J.,  daughter  of  Hopestill  and  Myra  (Kirk)  Blanehard,  of  Tioga 
county,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:.  Charles,  deceased;  Mary,  wife  of  Dr.  A. 
H.  Forsythe;  "William  P.,  Chester  H.  and  Frank  E.  His  second  maxriage  occurred 
September  36,  1866,  to  Mary  J.  Mulford,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  S.  and  Eaehel 
(Locke)  Mulford,  of  Fannington,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  two  children, 
Oliver  B.  and  Charles  E.  Mr.  Blanehard  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  was  the  first  nominee  of 
that  party  for  the  office  of  county  treasurer  of  Tioga  county,  to  which  he  was  elected, 
and  served  a  fuU  term  of  two  years. 

Chaeles  Oudeekiek  was  bom  in  Onondaga  county,  New  York,  September 
10,  1816,  a  son  of  Meholas  and  Catharine  Ouderkirk,  and  came  of  Dutch  ancestry. 
In  1844  he  located  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  whence  he  removed 
to  Farmington  township  in  1851,  locating  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  sou, 
Linsford.  This  he  cleared  and  improved,  and  erected  all  of  the  buildings.  His 
wife,  Euby,  was  a  daughter  of  Linsford  and  Mary  (Taylor)  Coates,  pioneers  of  Elk- 
land,  who  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Linsford,  Kate,  wife  of  Frank  Tubbs;  Mor- 
gan, and  Diantha,  wife  of  Frank  L.  Hood.  Mr.  Ouderkirk  was  a  Eepublican,  but 
took  no  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  died  March  30,  1893,  and  his  wife, 
Euby,  May  36, 1895.     Both  are  buried  in  Highland  cemetery,  at  Elkland. 

LiNSFOED  Oudeekiek,  eldest  son  of  Charles  Ouderkirk,  was  bom  in  Hector, 
Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  33,  1843,  and  was  an  infant  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  this  county,  and  obtained  a  good 
education  in  the  Osceola  High  School  and  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield. 
He  has  followed  farming  and  teaching  as  his  principal  vocation,  and  has  taught  fall 
and  winter  terms  for  the  past  twenty  years.  Since  1851  he  has  lived  upon  the  old 
homestead,  which  he  now  owns.  In  1882  he  was  postal  clerk  on  the  Cowanesque 
division  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad.  Politically,  Mr.  Ouderkirk  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
in  religious  belief,  a  close  communion  Baptist. 

Ehodes  W.  Hall  was  born  in  Hancock,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  May 
8,  1833,  a  son  of  Eeuben  HaJl.  On  August  33,  1851,  he  married  Jane  A.  Knight, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1853  settled  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  became  a  partner  with  his  cousin,  G.  M.  Hall,  who  still  resides  in 
that  township.  He  purchased  100  acres  of  land  of  Hiram  Merritt,  which  he  cleared 
up.  He  then  bought  100  acres  of  the  Bingham  estate.  In  1873  he  purchased  from 
A.  J.  Fisk  186  acres  and  cleared  160  acres  in  one  fallow.  He  died  April  4,  1883. 
His  wife,  Jane  A.,  was  a  daughter  of  Caleb  Knight,  of  Eensselaer  county.  New 
York.  She  bore  him  six  children,  who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Alpha,  who  died  in 
1874;  Lyman,  Emma,  wife  of  Charles  L.  Beiver;  Nettie,  Anna,  wife  of  0.  L. 
Ashdown,  and  Jennie,  wife  of  William  Butler.     Mrs.  Hall  died  in  September,  1894'. 


828  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  chiirch,  and  Mr.  Hall 
was  an  adherent  of  the  Eepubliean  party. 

Lyman  Hall  was  born  in  Parmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Jame  23,  1859, 
and  is  a  son  of  Ehodes  W.  and  a  grandson  of  Eeuben  Hall,  pioneers  of  the  same 
township.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's 
trade,  subsequently  spending  several  years  in  Colorado.  He  also  followed  farming 
on  the  old  homestead  for  eight  years,  a  part  of  which  he  now  owns,  but  since  1892 
he  has  conducted  a  blacksmith  shop  in  Nelson.  On  December  4,  1883,  Mr.  Hall 
married  Katie  M.,  a  daughter  of  Alanson  and  Esther  (Young)  Buckbee,  pioneers  of 
Farmington  township,  and  has  four  children  liying:  Alta,  Floyd,  Beimie  and 
Philip.  Mr.  Hall  is  a  Republican,  in  politics,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  E.  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

Stephen  Maetin,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Eichmond,  Cheshire  county,  ISTew  Hamp- 
shire, in  1802,  a  son  of  Wilderness  Martin,  the  first  white  child  born  in  that  town. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  in  religious  belief,  a  QuaJcer.  Stephen 
was  reared  in  New  Hampshire,  and  from  1826  to  1855  was  a  resident  of  Vermont. 
In  the  latter  year  he  settled  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  followed  farming  until  1882.  He  then  removed  to  Westfield,  where  he 
died  in  1889.  His  wife,  Esther,  was  a  daughter  of  Eeuben  Bemis,  of  Springfield, 
Vermont,  and  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Amy,  who  married  Zimri  Allen;  Ansel 
H.,  Almon  P.,  Louisa,  wife  of  John  Felker;  Eeuben  B.  and  Stephen.  Mr.  Martin 
was  a  supporter  of  the  Eepubliean  party. 

Stephen  Maetin,  youngest  child  of  Stephen  Martin,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Barton, 
Orleans  county,  Vermont,  July  21,  1835,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  received  an 
academical  education.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  in  1855,  and  for 
twenty  years  taught  school  during  the  winter  seasons  and  followed  farming  in  the 
summer.  He  lived  in  Farmington  township  until  1882,  when  he  removed  to  West- 
field,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  On  March  26,  1864,  Mr.  Martin  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was 
in  the  engagements  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  Weldon  Eailroad.     In  September, 

1864,  his  regiment  was  ordered  to  Philadelphia,  where  it  remained  until  May  11, 

1865,  when  his  company  was  sent  to  McConnellsburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  detached 
duty,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  August  8,  1865.  Mr.  Martin  married  Ann 
Smith,  a  daughter  of  Philemon  and  Mahala  (Beach)  Smith,  of  Chatham  township, 
June  10,  1857.  Six  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  marriage,  viz:  Armenia,  de- 
ceased; Lawrence  S.,  Clarence  E.,  Philip  Sheridan,  Ernest  and  Fred.  Politically, 
Mr.  Martin  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  G.  A.  E.' 
societies. 

Laweence  S.  Martin,  eldest  son  of  Stephen  Martin,  was  bom  in  Farmington 
township,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  November  16,  1859.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  twelve  yeajs,  he  has  always  lived  on  the  old  homestead.  On  November  1 
1882,  he  married  Jane  Owlett,  a  daughter  of  Gilbert  and  Sarah  (Temple)  Owlett' 
of  Middlebury  township.  Mr.  Martin  is  a  stanch  Eepublicaji,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Lewis  Beiver  was  bom  in  Berks  county, Pennsylvania, May  10, 1827,  and  served 
aa  apprenticeship  to  the  tanner's  trade  at  Jonestown,  Pennsylvania.     About  1849 


biogeaphioal  sketches.  829 


lie  came  to  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  Blaekwell  tannery 
up  to  1863.  He  then  purchased  a  farm  in  Farmington  township,  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  his  son,  Charles  L.,  which  he  partially  cleared  and  improved,  and 
there  died  in  February,  1885.  His  wife,  Eliza,  was  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary 
A.  (Chandler)  Lugg,  of  Farmington,  and  was  the  mother  of  three  children,  two  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Mary  D.,  wife  of  E.  W.  Close,  and  Charles  L.  Mr. 
Beiver  served  in  the  army  during  the  Eebellion,  as  a  member  of  Company  H,  Two 
Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Vohmteers.  Politically,  he  was  a  Eepublican, 
was  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  K.  of  H.  societies,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church. 

Charles  L.  Beivee,  son  of  Lewis  Beiver,  was  born  in  Nelson,  Tioga  county, 
March  5, 1859,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Farmington  township.  He  obtained  a  good 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield.  In  1881-83 
he  was  book-keeper  for  a  mining  company  at  Hillsboro,  New  Mexico,  and  the  balance 
of  his  life  has  been  spent  on  the  old  homestead,  where  he  has  prosecuted  farming 
quite  successfully.  Mr.  Beiver  was  married  October  31,  1883,  to  Emma  Hall,  a 
daughter  of  Ehodes  W.  and  Jane  A.  (Knight)  Hall,  of  Farmington,  and  has  two 
sons,  Claude  H.  and  Clyde  A.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  has  held  the  office  of 
school  director  in  his  township,  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  school  board  for  nine 
years.    He  is  one  of  the  most  intelligent  and  progressive  citizens  of  his  township. 

NELSOJT   BOEOUGH. 

Joseph  Campbell,  Se.,  a  native  of  Scotland,  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland 
to  Pennsylvania,  in  1810,  locating  in  what  is  now  Nelson  borough,  Tioga  county, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Joseph  D.  Campbell,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  His  wife  was  Mary  Harper,  and  their  children  were  as  follows: 
John,  Sally,  who  married  Samuel  Hazlett;  Jane,  who  married  John  Hazlett;  Wil- 
liam, who  died  young;  Joseph,  Elizabeth,  who  married  Eichard  Ellison;  James,  and 
Mary,  who  married  a  Mr.  Gibson.  Mr.  Campbell  was  a  very  strict  Presbyterian, 
and  it  is  said  that  in  maple-sugar  season  he  woiild  turn  over  his  sap-buckets  on 
Saturday  night,  and  would  not  permit  any  work  to  be  performed  on  the  Sabbath 
day,  even  forbidding  the  cooking  of  food  for  family  use.  In  politics,  he  was  a 
Democrat. 

Joseph  Campbell,  Je.,  son  of  Joseph  Campbell,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1793,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1810.  He  soon 
after  took  up  350  acres  of  land  in  Nelson  township,  upon  which  he  resided  until 
his  death,  in  1864.  In  1833  he  manied  Anne  Clinch,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Clinch. 
She  was  born  in  England,  and  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  eleven  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity,  viz:  William,  Sally,  who  married  Benjamin  D.  Congdon;  Mary 
A.,  who  married  Allen  Seely;  Eleanor,  who  married  M.  D.  Bosard;  Elizabeth,  who 
married  Daniel  H.  Hughey;  Phoebe,  who  married  William  Hoyt;  Jane,  who  became 
the  wife  of  George  Ttibbs;  John  H.,  Joseph  D.,  Maria,  wife  of  James  Loop,  and 
Julia,  wife  of  Edward  Selph.  Mr.  Campbell  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Nelson,  which  he  assisted  in  organizing,  and  was  a  deacon  and  elder  in 
that  body.     Politically,  he  was  a  Eepublican. 

John  H.  Campbell,  son  of  Joseph  Campbell,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Nelson  town- 


330  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 

ship,  Tioga  county,  January  12,  1836.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  district,  in  the  Wellsboro  High  School,  and  at  Union  Academy,  and  com- 
menced his  business  life  as  a  farmer  in  Farmington  township.  In  August,  1864, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
was  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman,  Dutch  Gap  and  Petersbiirg.  In  June,  1865, 
he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Alexandria,  Virginia.  On  his  return  home  he 
engaged  as  a  traveling  salesman  for  a  firm  in  Corning,  New  York,  but  since  1867 
he  has  followed  the  general  insuranc-e  business  at  Nelson.  On  February  10,  1858, 
Mr.  Campbell  married  Calfurnia  L.  Bottum,  a  daughter  of  Nathan  and  Betsey 
(Lockwood)  Bottum,  of  Tyrone,  New  York,  and  has  two  children,  Adelbert  E.,  and 
Luella  B.,  wife  of  Philip  E.  Young.  Mr.  Campbell  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  Nelson,  and  he  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  In  politics, 
he  is  a  Kepublican,  and  has  held  various  local  offices. 

Adelbeet  E.  Campbell  was  born  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  De- 
cember 19,  1859,  and  is  the  only  son  of  John  H.  Campbell.  He  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  engaged  in  the  general  insurance  business  with  his  father  at 
Nelson,  with  whom  he  was  in  partnership  five  years.  In  1886  he  embarked  in 
business  for  himself  at  Nelson,  but  removed  to  Elkland  in  the  spring  of  1891,  where 
he  conducted  a  successful  insurance  business  until  January  1,  1896,  when  he  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  fire  insurance 
business.  On  April  6,  1882,  he  married  Carrie  Sebring,  a  daughter  of  Siras  and 
Almira  (Fenno)  Sebring,  of  Tyrone,  New  York,  and  has  two  children,  J.  Harvey 
and  William  S.  In  politics,  Mr.  Campbell  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  recognized  as  an 
enterprising  and  progressive  young  business  man. 

Joseph  D.  Campbell  was  bom  in  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  December  29,  1839, 
and  is  the  youngest  son  of  Joseph  Campbell,  Jr.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  Union  Academy,  and  remained  working  on  the  old  homestead  farm  until 
1866.  For  the  succeeding  five  years  he  was  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Nelson. 
From  1871  to  1876,  he  was  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  John  H.,  in  the  general 
insurance  business,  but  since  the  latter  year  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
J.  Bottom  &  Company,  of  Nelson,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  coal,  grain,  pressed 
hay,  etc.  From  1879  to  1881,  this  firm  had  a  large  commission  house  in  New  York 
City,  and  from  1880  to  1883  were  the  proprietors  of  a  wholesale  grain  and  feed  store 
at  Elkland,  Tioga  county.  They  were  afterwards  proprietors  of  a  general  flour  and 
feed  store  at  Harrison  Valley,  Potter  county,  where,  in  1883,  they  erected  a  building 
suitable  for  carrying  on  that  business.  This  firm  took  an  active  part  in  securing- 
the  right  of  way  for,  and  in  building  the  Cowanesque  branch  of  the  Fall  Brook 
railroad,  of  which  Mr.  Campbell  has  been  station  agent  at  Nelson  since  1879.  He 
was  married  December  2, 1862,  to  Dolly  Bottom,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Phoeb& 
(Pierce)  Bottom,  to  which  union  have  been  born  three  children,  viz:  Grace,  wife  of 
G.  W.  Buck,  of  Elmira;  Myra  and  Phoebe,  the  last  two  of  whom  are  dead.  Politically, 
Mr.  Campbell  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  in  religious  faith,  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian, 
church.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Nelson  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  has  held  most  of  the 
offices  in  Nelson  borough,  including  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten  years,  and  ha& 
served  two  terms  as  burgess.     He  is  a  gentleman  of  commendable  enterprise  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §31 


public  spirit,  and  has  done  his  full  share  towards  promoting  the  best  interests  of 
the  Cowanesque  valley. 

Walter  Bottom,  formerly  spelled  "Bottum,"  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and 
settled  in  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  Pennsybania,  in.  1837.  He  built  a  mill  and  was 
engaged  in  lumbering  for  many  years,  dying  there  at  the  age  of  seventy-five.  His 
wife  was  Dolly  Clark,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Eliza,  who  married  Gilbert 
Phelps;  Walter,  Dolly,  who  married  Leander  Culver;  Charles,  Sally,  who  married 
William  Clark;  Nathan,  and  Sophronia,  who  became  the  wife  of  Jacob  Brooks. 

Charles  Bottom,  son  of  Walter  Bottom,  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1837.  On  attaining  his 
majority  he  settled  in  Farmington  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  one 
of  the  largest  farms  in  the  township,  upon  which  he  lived  upwards  of  thirty-fiv.e 
years,  and  then  removed  to  Nelson,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  His  wife, 
Phoebe,  is  a  daughter  of  Cromwell  Pierce,  of  Farmington  township.  They  are  the 
parents  of  five  children,  three  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Dolly,  wife 
of  Joseph  D.  Campbell;  Jerome,  and  Eebeeea,  widow  of  Eobert  Lugg.  Mr.  Bottom 
has  been  a  life-long  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  has  been  a  Republican 
since  the  organization  of  that  party. 

Jerome  Bottom  was  bom  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  January  31, 
1843,  and  is  the  only  son  of  Charles  Bottom.  He  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead, 
and  attended  the  pubHc  schools  of  his  district  in  boyhood,  also  assisting  his  parents 
in  the  duties  of  the  farm.  In  1861  he  commenced  buying  and  shipping  stock,  in 
which  he  continued  for  some  years.  Since  1876  he  has  been  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  J.  Bottom  &  Company,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  coal,  grain, 
pressed  hay,  etc.  Mr.  Bottom  has  been  in  business  at  Nelson  since  1870,  and  a  resi- 
dent of  the  town  since  1879.  He  was  prominent  and  active  in  securing  the  right  of 
way  for,  and  in  the  construction  of  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  and  in  1875  shipped  the 
first  car  load  of  pressed  hay  over  that  road  to  New  York  City.  Januajy  8,  1861,  he 
married  Mary  Eedfield,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  and  Ann  (Lee)  Eedfield,  of  Farm- 
ington township.  Mr.  Bottom  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of 
the  public-spirited  and  substantial  business  men  of  the  Cowanesque  valley. 

Samuel  Eathbun,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  was  an  early  settler  o|  Nelson  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  locating  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Mrs. 
Mariam  Eathbun,  widow  of  his  oldest  son,  Henry.  He  cleared  and  improved  this 
property,  and  continued  to  reside  there  until  his  death,  in  1845,  and  was  buried  on 
the  homestead,  where  all  of  the  deceased  members  of  the  Eathbun  family  have  been 
interred.  His  wife,  Jane  Vroman,  who  died  March  18,  1876,  was  a  native  of  the 
Mohawk  valley,  and  bore  him  eleven  children,  named  as  follows:  Henry,  Mary, 
who  married  Henry  Dinninny;  Eliza,  second  wife  of  William  Heysham;  John' 
Susan,  who  married  Philip  Perkins;  Betsey,  first  wife  of  William  Heysham;  Orsemus. 
who  died  December  7, 1896;  Samuel,  Thomas,  Job  and  G.  M.  Dallas.  Mr.  Eathbun 
was  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  day  in  the  Cowanesque  valley,  and  in  addition 
to  farming,  he  was  associated  with  Joel  Parkhurst,  of  Elkland,  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness for  some  years.  He  assisted  in  clearing  the  land  in  Wellsboro  whereon  the 
present  court  house  stands.     In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat. 

Henry  Eathbun  was  bom  in  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  March  6,  1816,  and 


g32  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


was  a  son  of  Samuel  Rathbun,  who  soon  afterwards  located  in  Nelson  township, 
where  Henry  spent  nearly  all  his  life,  engaged  in  farming.  He  married  Mariam 
Owen,  a  daughter  of  Ambrose  and  Betsey  (Wright)  Owen,  of  Addison,  New  York, 
January  16,  1844,  to  which  union  were  bom  nine  children,  who  grew  to  maturity, 
named  as  follows:  Eosetta,  wife  of  Emory  Bland;  Elizabeth  J.,  wife  of  Theodore 
Smith;  Diantha,  wife  of  John  E.  Mack;  Lydia,  wife  of  Frank  Congdon;  Julia, 
wife  of  "William  Cady;  Cora,  wife  of  i'rank  Kice;  Tressa,  deceased  wife  of  William 
Eice;  Carrie,  wife  of  Herbert  Dunning,  and  George  Dell.  Mr.  Eathbun  died  August 
19,  1871.  He  was  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  served  one  term  as  treasurer  of  Tioga 
county.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  one  of  the  most  respected  citizens 
of  the  community  in  which  he  lived. 

Job  Eathbitn  was  born  in  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  March  18,  1841, 
and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  Eathbun.  He  grew  to  manhood  upon  the  old  homestead, 
and  attended  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy  during  his  boyhood  days. 
For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  farming  in  Nelson  township,  and  spent  nine  years 
in  the  west,  where  he  followed  lumbering  in  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota  and 
Iowa.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Elkland  since  1889,  where  for  three  years  he  con- 
ducted a  milk  route,  but  since  1893  he  has  been  in  the  lumber  business.  He  still 
owns  a  farm  in  Nelson  township.  Mr.  Eathbun  was  married  March  7, 1869,  to  Susie 
Tubbs,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Susan  (Bowman)  Tubbs,  of  Westfleld,  and  has 
one  son,  Benjamin  S.  Mr.  Eathbun  is  a  member  of  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  in  politics, 
an  ardent  Democrat. 

Geoege  Henet  Baxtee  was  bom  in  Tuscarora,  Steuben  county.  New  York, 
November  9, 1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Ira  and  Betsey  (Manley)  Baxter,  and  grandson  of 
Eev.  Aaron  Baxter.  The  latter  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  in  1766,  a  son  of  Aaron 
Baxter,  both  of  whom  served  in  the  War  of  the  Eevolution.  Ira  and  his  father 
removed  from  Connecticut  to  Schoharie  county.  New  York,  and  subsequently  to 
Chenango  county,  early  in  the  present  century.  Ira  afterwards  settled  in  Steuben 
county,  where  for  a  number  of  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1838,  he 
was  a  justice  of  the  peace.  George  Henry  Baxter  was  reared  in  his  native  town, 
and  there  received  a  common  school  education.  In  1849  he  located  in  Nelson, 
Tioga  countyj  Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  merchandising,  which  he  fol- 
lowed the  greater  part  of  his  time  up  to  1880.  Mr.  Baxter  was  twice  married.  In 
1845  he  married  Clarissa  Campbell,  of  Nelson.  His  second  marriage  occurred  in 
1850,  to  Clara  Manley,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Betsey  (Wright)  Manley,  of 
Canton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  Her  grandfather,  Charles  Wright,  was 
a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  her  father  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  She  bore 
him  five  children,  viz:  Nora,  Telia  F.,  Eva,  wife  of  J.  E.  Hazlett;  Susan,  wife  of 
M.  F.  Cass,  and  Calvin  S.  Politically,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  was  postmaster  at 
Nelson  from  1860  to  1880,  associate  judge  of  Tioga  county  from  1880  to  1885,  and 
from  1889  to  1892  he  filled  the  office  of  jury  commissioner.  Mr.  Baxter  was  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  belonged  to  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  After  giving 
up  merchandising  he  engaged  in  farming,  which  he  followed  the  latter  years  of  his 
life. 

Calvin  S.  Baxtee,  physician  and  surgeon,  is  a  son  of  Judge  George  Henry 
and  Clara  (Manley)  Baxter,  and  was  bom  in  Tuscarora,  New  York,  October  8,  1860. 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  833 


He  was  reared  in  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
at  the  literary  institute  of  Franklin,  New  York.  In  1878  he  commenced  his  medical 
studies  with  Dr.  A.  M.  Loop,  of  Nelson,  and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1883.  For  five  years  he  practiced  his  pro- 
fession in  Carbon  county,  Pennsylvania,  locating  in  Nelson  in  1887,  where  he  has 
since  devoted  his  attention  to  its  active  duties  and  is  recognized  as  an  able  physician. 
Dr.  Baxter  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Hattie  Elderkin,  a  daughter 
of  David  and  Hattie  (Eobinson)  Elderkin,  of  Franklin,  New  York,  who  bore  him  two 
children,  Clara  and  Florence.  His  second  wife  was  Mary  A.  Eenton,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Mary  (Whitney)  Eenton,  of  Elmira,  New  York.  The  Doctor  is  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society,  also  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and 
the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican.  Dr.  Baxter  lives  on  a  part  of 
the  land  settled  and  improved  by  his  great  grandfather,  Eev.  Aaron  Baxter,  whose 
wife,  Abigail  Webster,  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Gov.  John  Webster. 

Jerome  L.  Bosaed  was  born  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county.  May  39,  1849,  and  is 
the  third  son  of  Andrew  Keller  Bosard,  and  grandson  of  Andrew  Bosard.  He  was 
reared  upon  the  homestead  farm  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  Osceola  High 
School.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  father,  which  he  has  followed  more 
or  less  since  attaining  his  majority.  With  the  exception  of  three  years,  from  1883 
to  1885,  that  he  spent  in  Dakota,  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Nelson  since  1871.  Mr. 
Bosard  was  married  May  9,  1871,  to  Alice  M.  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Phoebe  M.  (Cook)  Smith,  of  Nelson,  and  has  three  children:  Myra  L.,  Andrew  K. 
and  Edith  M.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bosard  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  Pres- 
byterian.    He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  societies. 

Chakles  M.  Pheston-  was  born  in  Steuben  county,  New  York,  March  8,  1853. 
His  father,  Aaron  0.  Preston,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  married  Ann  Olcott,  and 
in  1857  located  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  carried  on  a 
hotel  for  several  years.  He  was  the  father  of  three  children,  viz:  Charles  M., 
William  0.  and  Emma  L.  He  died  in  Elkland  in  1884,  aged  sixty-five  years. 
.  Charles  M.  was  about  four  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county,  where 
he  grew  to  manhood.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he  went  to  Dakota,  where  he  spent 
nine  years,  and  then  returned  to  Tioga  county.  He  has  since  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  farming,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  Nelson  township.  Mr. 
Preston  was  married  December  33,  1887,  to  Ellen  Tubbs,  a  daughter  of  Philip  and 
Betsey  (Spencer)  Tubbs,  of  Nelson,  and  has  two  children,  Otis  and  Ernest  Politi- 
cally, he  is  a  Eepubhcan,  and  is  at  present  serving  as  one  of  the  school  directors  of 
Nelson. 

William  B.  Stetens,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Campbell,  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  January  1,  1865,  a  son  of  Ealph  and  Margaret  (Gilmore) 
Stevens,  and  is  of  English  and  Scotch  extraction.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  and  there  obtained  a  public  school  education.  He  entered  a  drug  store  at 
Campbell,  New  York,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  four  years  at  that  business. 
In  1884  he  established  a  drug  store  at  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  which  he  carried  on 
two  years,  and  the  following  two  years  conducted  a  similar  business  at  Harrison 
Valley,  Potter  county.  In  1885  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  M.  E. 
Pritchard,  of  Harrison  Valley,  and  in  1888  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 

53 


834  HISTORY   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

delphia,  where  he  graduated  in  April,  1891.  He  immediately  located  at  Nelson, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  has  built  up  a  successful  btisiness.  Dr.  Stevens  was  married  September 
28,  1887,  to  Anna  M.  Gray,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  T.  and  Fannie  (Brown)  Gray,  of 
Corning,  New  York,  and  has  two  daughters,  Fannie  L.  and  Margaret.  He  is  an 
ardent  Eepublican,  and  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  principles  and  measures  of  that 
party.  In  religion,  he  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the 
I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  societies. 

Eev.  Hallock  Aemsteong,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Nelson,  was 
born  in  Minisink,  Orange  county.  New  York,  October   31,  1823.     His   parents, 
James  T.  and  Euth  (Hallock)  Armstrong,  were   natives   of    Orange   county,   his 
father's  ancestors  being   Scotch-Irish,  and  those  of  his   mother  early  settlers  of 
Connecticut.     During  the  Eevolutionary  War  his  paternal  grandfather  was  con- 
fined for  several  months  on  a  British  prison  ship  in  New  York  harbor.     His  father, 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  removed  to  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  in  1830,  and  thence 
to  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1838.     In  his  old  age  he  located  in  Bing- 
hamton.  New  York,  where  he  died  in  March,  1884.   His  mother  died  in  February, 
1878,  aged  seventy-eight  years.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the   second  in  a 
family  of  five   children,  viz:   Frances   Maria,  deceased  wife  of  Simeon   Hanchett; 
Hallock,  of  Nelson;  Mary  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  childhood;  James  Horace,  a  con- 
tractor and  builder,  of  Binghamton;   Albert  D.,  an  attorney  at  law,  who  died  in 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  in   1886.     Mr.  Armstrong  was   educated  in  the   public  schools 
and  at  Lafayette  College,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1848.     He  then 
took  a  course  in  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  where  he  graduated  in  1851,  and 
then  entered  the  ministry.     He  began  preaching  at  Wilkes-Barre,  where  he  preached 
and  taught  three  years,  and  then  went  to  Bethany,  Genesee  county.  New  York,  and 
taught  in  the  Presbyterian  Academy  two  years,  preaching  at  Portage.     He  next 
preached  and  taught  six  years  at  Laporte  and  Dushore,  Sullivan  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  served  as  county  superintendent  of  schools  in  that  county  from  1858  to 
1861.     His  next  charge  was  at  Monroetown,  Bradford  county,  where  he  remained 
nineteen  years,  seventeen  of  which  he  spent  in  teaching,  fourteen  being  passed  in 
the  same  school  room.     In  1864  he  was  drafted  into  the  army  and  mustered  in  as 
chaplain  of  the  Fiftieth   Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  which   capacity  he   served 
nearly  a  year.     In  1881  he  went  to  Aspinwall,  Bradford  county,  where  he  had  charge 
of  a  congregation  for  ten  years.     In  July,  1891,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Nelson,  which  position  he  has  since  filled  acceptably.     Mr.  Armstrong  was  married 
on  September  2, 1851,  to  Mary  Bronson,  of  Harford,  New  York,  a  daughter  of  Eev. 
Edwin  and  Mary  H.  Bronson.     Her  father  died  in  November,  1893,  aged  ninety- 
three;  her  mother  resides  with  our  subject,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-eight.     The 
following  children  were  born  to  this  union:  Mary  Frances,  wife  of  Charles  Myer, 
of  Athens,  Bradford  county;  Charies  E.,  of  Troy,  Bradford  county;  A.  A.,  a  phy- 
sician, of  Fair  Haven,  New  Jersey;  Euth  Hallock;  William   C,  a  physician,  of 
Eedbank,  New  Jersey,  and  James  Edwin,  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  New  York.     Mr. 
Armstrong  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  K.  of  p' 
and  G.  A.  E.  societies.     Since  entering  the  ministry  in  1851,  he  has  lost  but  two 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §35 


Sundays  by  reason  of  illness,  and  during  the  last  thirty-four  years  has  moved  but 
twice.  He  is  able  and  scholarly,  and,  notwithstanding  his  advanced  years,  an 
eloquent  preacher. 

ELKLAND    B0E0TJ6H. 

LiNTSFOED  CoATBS,  a  native  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  a  son  of  Timothy 
and  Content  (Stuart)  Coates,  was  of  English  and  Scotch  extraction.  He  settled 
at  an  early  day  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  cleared  and  improved  a 
farm,  and  was  quite  extensively  engaged  in  lumbering.  He  resided  there  until  his 
death.  He  married  Mary  A.  Taylor,  of  Tioga  county,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  the  following  children:  Betsey,  who  married  Perry  Daily;  Timothy,  David, 
Mahala,  who  married  Daniel  Parks;  Harriet,  Euby,  who  married  Charles  Ouder- 
kirk;   John,  Diana,  who  married  John  Daily,  and  Morgan. 

Timothy  Coates,  second  child  and  eldest  son  of  Lintsford  Coates,  was  bom 
in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  July  30,  1812.  He  there  grew  to  manhood  and  cleared 
a  farm  within  the  present  limits  of  Elkland  borough.  The  homestead  is  now  occu- 
pied by  his  widow  and  children.  Mr.  Coates  was  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Elkland 
for  many  years,  and  was  also  extensively  engaged  in  lumbering.  He  married  Almira 
B.  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Moses  and  Betsey  (Cole)  Johnson,  of  Wellsboro,  Novem- 
ber 11,  1850.  Six  children  were  the  issue  of  this  union,  viz:  Mary  E.,  Timothy  I., 
Lintsford  M.,  Franklin  N.,  Edwin  W.  and  Eva  L.  Mr.  Coates  was  an  advocate  of 
temperance  in  all  things,  and  was  a  very  worthy  citizen.  He  died  August  9,  1891, 
in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  filled  the 
ofQees  of  councilman  and  burgess  of  Elkland. 

LiNTSEOED  M.  Coates,  son  of  Timothy  Coates,  was  bom  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  February  5,  1856,  and  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  town  in  boyhood. 
In  1879  he  embaxked  in  the  livery  business,  which  he  continued  up  to  1886.  In 
that  year  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  Edwin  "W.,  under  the  firm  name 
of  E.  &  L.  Coates,  and  engaged  in  the  general  hardware,  agricultural  implement  and 
harness  business,  which  they  have  since  successfully  carried  on,  doing  the  leading 
business  in  this  line  in  Elkland.  Mr.  Coates  was  married  in  June,  1888,  to  Ann 
Taylor,  a  daughter  of  Philip  S.  Taylor,  of  Osceola,  and  has  one  son,  Eoy  T.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Democrat. 

Edwin-  W.  Coates,  of  the  firm  of  E.  &  L.  Coates,  was  born  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  June  33,  1863,  and  is  a  son  of  Timothy  Coates.  He  received  a  good  com- 
mon school  education,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  taught  one  term  in  Nelson  town- 
ship. In  1886  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  &  L.  Coates,  of  Elkland,  general 
hardware  and  implement  dealers,  with  which  he  has  since  been  connected.  From 
1885  to  1887,  he  was  collector  of  taxes  for  Elkland  borough.  In  politics,  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Joel  Paekhttest  was  bom  at  Marlborough,  New  Hampshire,  April  8,  1800, 
and  received  a  good  English  education.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  came  to 
Pennsylvania  and  located  at  Loyalsock,  I^ycoming  county,  where  he  taught  a  term 
of  school  during  the  winter  season.  The  next  winter  he  taught  at  Long  Reach, 
near  Williamspoi't,  and  then  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Painted  Post,  New  York. 
During  the  winter  of  1832  he  taught  at  Mansfield  and  studied  medicine  during  his 
spare  hours,  his  father  and  several  brothers  being  physicians.    Not  liking  the  pro- 


836  HISTOET   OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

fession,  he  gave  up  his  studies  and  entered  the  government  employ  as  a  sun^eyor. 
While  on  Lake  Erie,  en  route  to  Michigan  to  fulfill  this  engagement,  the  steamboat 
carrying  him  and  othere  was  overtaken  by  a  storm  and  compelled  to  put  into  Cleve- 
land for  repairs.  This  delay  caused  him  to  change  his  plans,  and  he  walked  to 
Hteubenville,  Ohio,  carrying  his  baggage  on  his  shoulder.  Here  he  purchased  a 
horse  and  saddle,  intending  to  return  to  his  home  in  Eiehmond,  New  Hampshire, 
which  he  did,  after  a  short  stay  in  Pittsburg.  He  clerked  two  years  for  a  merchant 
in  Eiehmond,  accepting  goods  to  the  value  of  $300  for  his  services.  After  buying  a 
horse  and  wagon  on  credit,  he  loaded  his  goods  and  made  his  way  to  Mansfield, 
Pennsylvania,  where  his  brother,  Dr.  Dexter  Parkhurst,  was  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine.  This  was  in  1835.  After  remaining  here  a  short  time  he  went  to 
Lawrenceville  and  there  formed  a  mercantile  partnership  with  his  brother,  Dr. 
Curtis  Paxkhurst.  In  1838  this  partnership  was  dissolved  and  he  went  to  Elk- 
land  and  entered  into  partnership  with  John  Eyon  and  Eobert  Tubbs,  whose 
interests  he  soon  aiterwards  bought  out,  and  continued  the  business  alone.  He  was 
the  second  postmaster  of  the  village  and  held  the  ofi^ce  several  years.  Mr.  Park- 
hurst became  the  leading  merchant  of  the  Cowanesque  valley,  his  business  tact  and 
ability  enabling  him  to  safely  weather  the  panic  and  convulsions  of  1837.  Through 
the  passing  years  he  accumulated  a  large  fortime  and  became  one  of  the  wealthy  men 
of  the  northern  tier.  In  1867,  in  connection  with  John  Parkhurst,  he  established 
the  banking  house  of  J.  &  J.  Parkhurst,  in  Elkland,  with  which  he  was  connected 
for  several  years.  The  Pattison  National  Bank  of  Elkland  is  the  lineal  successor 
of  that  institution.  Mr.  Parkhurst  was  also  intimately  identified  with  the  principal 
manufacturing  enterprises  of  Elkland  during  his  business  career,  and  did  much  to 
forward  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  borough.  Mr.  Parkhurst  was  twice  mar- 
ried. On  November  16,  1835,  he  married  Emeline  E.  Allen,  at  Cortland,  New 
York.  She  was  bom  in  Bridgewater,  New  York,  December  13,  1815,  and  bore  him 
a  family  of  eight  children,  as  follows:  Edward  J.,  John  C,  Sarah  M.,  Anna  S., 
Mary,  Prank,  Curtis  S.  and  Charles,  all  of  whom  died  in  childhood  except  Anna 
S.,  who  became  the  wife  of  Charles  L.  Pattison.  Mrs.  Parkhurst  died  in  Elkland 
October  29,  1854.  On  May  14,  1855,  Mr.  Parkhurst  was  again  married  at  Lindley, 
New  York,  to  Martha  H.  Steele,  to  which  union  were  born  two  children,  viz:  Susan 
A.,  deceased  wife  of  Eev.  John  B.  Grier,  and  Benjamin  H.,  of  Elkland.  Mr.  Park- 
hurst died  at  his  home  in  Elkland,  December  6,  1884;  his  wife  survived  until  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1889.  In  religion,  he  was  a  Presbyterian,  and  in  politics,  an  active  and 
influential  supporter  of  the  EepubHcan  party.  He  is  one  of  the  best  remembered 
citizens  of  the  Cowanesque  valley,  where  he  lived  for  more  than  half  a  centurv. 

Chaeles  L.  Pattison  was  bom  in  Chestertown,  AVarren  county.  New  York, 
February  16, 1841,  a  son  of  Thurman  and  Susan  W.  (Bishop)  Pattison.  In  1847  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
father  was  extensively  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  up  to  1867.  In  that  year 
Thurman  Pattison  removed  to  Lock  Haven,  Clinton  county,  where  he  continued  the 
same  business  until  1872.  He  then  retired  from  active  life,  and  since  1882  he  has 
been  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  To  Thurman  and  Susan  W.  Pattison  were  bom  four 
children,  viz:  Orville,  Charies  L.,  Mary  A.  and  John.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  but  SIX  years  of  age  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.     He  was  reared  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  837 


Lawrenceville  and  there  received  an  academical  education.  During  his  school  days 
he  occasionally  assisted  his  father  in  rafting  and  lumbering.  In  August,  1860, 
he  began  clerking  in  the  store  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  at  Pall  Brook,  in 
whose  employ  he  remained  ten  years,  two  years  of  which  time  he  was  paymaster  and 
four  years  cashier.  On  October  21,  1868,  Mr.  Pattison  married  Anna  S.  Parkhurst, 
a  daughter  of  Joel  and  Emeline  (Allen)  Parkhurst,  of  Elkland,  and  in  October, 
1869,  he  came  to  Elkland  and  obtained  a  half  interest  in  the  banking  house  of  J.  & 
J.  Parkhurst,  the  name  of  which  was  then  changed  to  J.  Parkhurst  &  Company.  It 
continued  until  August  1, 1889,  when  the  title  was  changed  to  C.  L.  Pattison  &  Com- 
pany, and  from  June  20, 1890,  up  to  his  death,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pattison  were  sole  pro- 
prietors. The  bank  was  well  and  favorably  known  throughout  the  Cowaaesque  valley 
and  transacted  a  large  business.  It  was  succeeded  by  the  Pattison  National  Bank, 
June  2,  1896,  so  named  in  honor  of  the  dead  financier.  Mr.  Pattison  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Cowanesque  Valley  Eailroad  Company,  since  absorbed  by  the 
Fall  Brook  Company,  and  the  chief  promoter  of  the  enterprise.  He  also  organized 
and  was  president  of  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company,  which  com- 
pleted the  section  from  Addison  to  "Westfield  in  ninety  days  and  ran  a  train  of  cars 
between  those  points  within  that  period.  lie  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania 
division  of  the  road  during  the  last  twelve  years  of  his  life.  Another  of  his  enter- 
prises was  the  Elkland  Furniture  Factory,  which  he  established  in  1883  and  kept  in 
operation  until  its  destruction  by  fire  ten  years  later.  Mr.  Pattison  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county,  September  7,  1888,  biit  gave  no  attention 
to  his  profession  aside  from  using  his  legal  knowledge  to  avoid  litigation  and  suc- 
cessfully guide  and  manage  his  many  large  and  diversified  interests.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  bar  association  and  one  of  its  most  liberal  friends.  He  affiliated 
with  the  Democratic  party  up  to  1890,  since  which  year  he  was  a  Eepublican,  though 
he  took  no  active  part  in  political  affairs.  He,  however,  served  as  burgess  of  Elk- 
land from  1894  until  his  death,  April  10, 1896. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Pattison  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  business  interests  of  the 
Cowanesque  valley,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  foremost  citizens.  This  sad  event 
occurred  at  the  Hospital  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  had  gone  with  the  hope  of  obtaining  relief  through  a  surgical  operation  for 
disease  of  the  stomach,  but  died  soon  after  the  operation  was  performed.  The  bar, 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  passed  appropriate  resolutions  on  his  demise,  and  several 
of  his  legal  friends,  including  the  court,  spoke  warm  words  of  praise  on  his  many 
excellent  qualities  as  a  business  man,  citizen  and  friend.  Mr.  Pattison  was  a  kind- 
hearted,  generous  and  upright  man,  courteous  in  his  social  relations,  and  thorough 
and  practical  in  his  business  methods.  The  accuracy  and  rapidity  with  which  he 
transacted  business,  his  wonderful  capacity  for  work,  his  quiet  reserve  and  dignity, 
and  his  absolute  truthfulness  were  among  the  strongest  traits  of  his  character.  In 
his  death  the  church  and  the  school  lost  a  liberal  supporter  and  the  poor  a  benevolent 
friend,  to  whom  suffering  humanity  never  appealed  in  vain. 

Dr.  Edward  L.  Wilson,  of  Few  York,  an  old  personal  friend,  pays  the  following 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  Mr.  Pattison  in  the  June  number  (1896)  of  "Wilson's  Pho- 
tographic Magazine: 


838  HiSTOEY  or  tioga  cotjntt. 

Mr.  Pattison  was  the  head  of  the  banking-  firm  of  C.  L.  Pattison  &  Company,  at  Elk- 
land,  and  was  connected  with  many  business  enterprises  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties. 
He  was  an  enthusiastic  friend  and  patron  of  photography.  Besides  owning  a  fine 
camera  and  assisting  others  in  the  practice  of  our  art,  he  was  able,  owing  to  his  peculiar 
opportunities,  to  do  more  than  usually  falls  to  the  lot  of  the  busy  man,  to  create  food, 
so  to  speak,  for  the  camera.  His  home  was  situated  at  Elkland,  in  the  beautiful  Cowan- 
esque  valley,  a.  few  rods  from  the  picturesque  river  of  the  same  Indian  name,  where 
lovely  views  of  hill  and  valley  appear  on  every  side.  Mr.  Pattison,  we  say,  did  more  than 
any  one  to  bring  about  these  sublime  combinations  of  natural  scenery.  He  came  into 
this  valley  nearly  fifty  years  ago  from  Chester,  New  York,  with  his  father  (one  of  the 
most  prominent  early  settlers).  Then  the  hills  were  covered  with  dense  forests,  and 
there  were  no  thoroughfares  along  the  Cowanesque.  Since  then  the  mines  of  coal  have 
been  developed;  the  woodsmen,  the  lumbermen,  and  the  raftsmen  have  been  and  are 
gone;  the  forests  have  fallen;  well-kept  highways  now  zigzag  along  each  side  of  the 
stream  and  wind  over  every  hill.  The  rolling  stock  of  two  railways  may  be  seen  from 
any  incline,  ascending,  descending,  plunging  through  a  valley  lined  by  magnificent 
farms,  the  scene  varied  by  many  prosperous  towns  on  the  way.  With  the  development 
of  all  this  Charles  L.  Pattison  had  to  do.  His  happy  school-days  were  broken  into  occa- 
sionally by  rafting  experiences,  many  of  which  were  related  by  him  as  we  strolled  to- 
gether with  the  camera  among  the  pictures  which  his  industry  and  enterprise  had  helped 
to  makei  After  serving  a  time  as  cashier  of  a  great  coal  company,  he  in  turn  became 
operative  farmer;  manager  of  real  estate;  banker;  a  party  to  all  sorts  of  enterprises; 
a  member  of  the  bar;  a  railroad  president  and  a  manufacturer.  He  never  forgot  the 
importance  of  keeping  a  photographic  record  of  the  many  changes  which  contributed 
to  making  the  valley  of  the  Cowanesque  prosperous  and  picturesque.  He  was  a  noble, 
warm-hearted,  generous  man.  Prospered  unusually,  he  took  the  unusual  view  that  wealth 
was  a  blessing  which  should  be  used  to  assist  others;  and  so  it  was  his  policy  to  keep 
his  means  employed  in  the  development  of  the  community  in  which  he  resided.  Thus 
he  brought  much  personal  labor  upon  himself  that  he  need  not  have  undertaken;  thus 
he  became  the  great  blessing  he  was  to  the  people  among  whom  he  lived.  So,  it  came 
about  that  those  who  best  knew  him,  most  loved  him.  His  w^ord  was  truth.  No  one 
ever  thought  of  doubting  what  he  said.  He  was  manly  and  brave.  One  of  his  mottos 
(a  legacy  for  all  of  us)  was,  "I  never  dread  anything  that  I  feel  I  ought  to  do.''  His 
passing  away  seems  untimely;  but  as  to  that  we  may  not  judge.  A  great  shadow  hangs 
over  all  the  pictures  now;  yet  we  may  continue  to  gather  sunshine  and  inspiration  from 
his  busy  life. 

Oetillb  Pattison,  president  of  the  Pattison  liational  Bank,  of  Elkland, 
Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Chestertown,  Warren  county,  New  York,  May  13,  1838, 
eldest  son  of  Thurman  and  Susan  W.  Pattison.  In  the  summer  of  1847  he  came 
with  his  paxents  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  graduated  from  the  public 
schools  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and  later  took  a  course  in  the  Bryant  and  Stratton 
Business  College,  Buffalo,  N"ew  York.  Eetuming  home  he  clerked  in  a  general 
store  at  Lawrenceville,  and  also  had  charge  of  the  books,  which  he  attended  to  in  the 
evening  after  his  day's  work  was  done.  In  May,  1860,  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Pall  Brook  Coal  Company,  in  whose  employ  he  remained  more  than  twenty  yeajs. 
After  spending  two  years  at  Pall  Brook,  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  head 
book-keeper  in  the  general  office  at  Watkins,  Kew  York,  where  he  continued  until 
1879,  when  because  of  failing  health  he  was  appointed  agent  of  the  company  store 
at  Antrim,  Tioga  county.  In  the  spring  of  1884  he  located  at  Elkland  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  his  brother,  Charles  L.,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
furniture.  He  also  assisted  his  brother  in  the  private  banking  office  of  J.  Parkhurst 
&  Company.     He  continued  in  the  furniture  business  until  the  factory  was  burned, 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  839 


in  January,  1893.  In  1890  he  entered  the  bank  of  C.  L.  Pattison  &  Company,  of 
which  institution  he  was  cashier  until  the  death  of  his  brother  necessitated  a  re- 
organization of  the  business.  A^Tven  the  Pattison  National  Bank  was  organized,  June 
2,  1896,  Mr.  Pattison  was  elected  president,  a  tribute  to  his  financial  abilitj  and 
cajefvil  business  methods.  November  7,  1867,  Mr.  Pattison  married  Susie  Bloore, 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Catherine  Bloore.  Her  father  died  at  Waterford,  New 
York,  and  her  mother  married  Judge  George  C.  Shearer.  Her  maternal  grand- 
father was  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  navy,  and  his  son  was  Eear  Admiral 
John  A.  Livingstone,  U.  S.  N.  Mrs.  Pattison  is  the  mother  of  two  sons,  John 
Orville  and  Charles  Lewis,  twins.  Mr.  Pattison's  early  habits  of  industry  and  long 
association  with  careful  business  men  have  fitted  him  to  fill  the  responsible  position 
he  now  holds,  and  to  continue  the  successful  financial  record  established  by  his 
deceased  brother. 

Geokge  Doeeance  was  born  in  Columbia,  Tolland  county,  Connecticut,  Oc- 
tober 10, 1802,  and  was  a  son  of  George  Gershom  and  Mary  (Crocker)  Dorrance,  and, 
grandson  of  Col.  George  Dorrajice.  The  ancestor  of  the  American  branch  of  the 
Dorrance  family,  was  Eev.  Samuel  Dorrance,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  who  came 
from  Ireland  in  1723,  and  had  charge  of  the  congregation  at  Voluntown,  Con- 
necticut, upwards  of  forty  years.  His  son,  George  Dorrance,  was  born  at  Volun- 
town, March  4,  1736,  and  became  a  lieutenant  colonel  of  militia  in  the  Connecticut 
Line.  He  was  one  of  the  principal  officers  under  Col.  Zebulon  Butler  in  his  oper- 
ations against  the  British  and  their  savage  allies.  Colonel  Dorrance  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  the  battle  of  Wyoming,  fought  July  3,  1778,  and  distinguished  himself 
by  his  great  bravery.  He  fell  severely  woiinded,  was  taken  prisoner  and  bratally 
slain  by  his  Indian  captors  the  following  day.  As  he  was  highest  in  rank  of  the 
victims  of  this  terrible  slaughter,  known  in  history  as  the  Wyoming  Massacre,  his 
name  is  at  the  head  of  those  inscribed  upon  the  monument  erected  at  Wyoming  in 
1843,  in  commemoration  of  their  courage  and  patriotism.  In  the  spring  of  1839, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Blkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  then  almost 
a  wilderness,  and  purchased  about  sixty  acres  of  land,  containing  a  small  clearing, 
erected  a  little  frame  house  and  began  farming  in  true  pioneer  fashion.  He  soon 
afterwards  commenced  lumbering,  and,  as  the  country  grew  older,  he  gradually  en- 
larged his  operations,  until  he  became  one  of  the  most  extensive  lumbermen  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley.  He  was  one  of  the  most  successful  business  men  in  the  county, 
occupied  a  prominent  position  in  its  affairs,  and  stamped  upon  the  business  interests 
of  the  community  the  impress  of  his  own  high  character.  Mr.  Dorrance  continued 
to  reside  upon  the  old  homestead,  and,  as  the  years  rolled  on,  he  made  additions 
to  his  farm  until  he  owned  320  acres  of  well-improved  land.  In  place  of  the  old 
house,  he  erected  one  of  more  commodious  dimensions,  which  to-day  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  any  farm  residence  in  the  valley.  In  August,  1832,  he  mar- 
ried Susan  Hammond,  a  daughter  of  David  aad  Polly  (Tubbs)  Hammond,  who 
were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Elkland.  Seven  children  blessed  this  imion,  viz: 
Lester,  Elizabeth,  Benjamin,  Mary,  Sarah,  George  G.  and  Charles.  Throughout 
his  life,  Mr.  Dorrance  was  a  generous  contributor  to  the  support  of  all  charities 
having  for  their  object  the  relief  of  human  suffering.  He  was  honored  and  respected 
by  all  -who  knew  him,  and  his  purse-strings  were  ever  open  in  assisting  every  good 


840  HISTOET   OP    TIOGA    COtTNTY. 


work.  He  did  no  man  intentional  -wrong,  and  his  integrity  and  honesty  were  never 
questioned  in  the  community  where  he  spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  Politi- 
cally, he  was  a  JefEersonian  Democrat,  and  during  the  dark  days  of  civil  strife  his 
influence  was  ever  on  the  side  of  the  Union.  He  contributed  freely  towards  the 
payments  of  bounties  of  volunteers  and  the  support  of  their  families  while  they 
were  absent  in  the  field.  Mr.  Dorranee  was  a  practical  farmer,  of  liberal  and  ad- 
vanced ideas,  and  the  farmers  of  the  county  have  missed  his  good  example  in  the 
various  improvements  which  have  made  the  Cowanesque  valley  one  of  the  garden- 
spots  of  the  State.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Elkland,  June  13,  1881,  and  his  re- 
mains rest  in  the  new  cemetery  on  the  hillside,  which  his  own  hands  helped  to 
beautify  and  adorn. 

Hon.  Benjamin  Dokeance,  second  son  of  George  Dorranee,  was  bom  in  Elk- 
land,  Tioga  county.  May  3,  1836.     He  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead,  and  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  in  the  district  schools.     He  later  attended  Union 
Aeademj'-,  Tioga  county,  and  Alfred  University,  Allegany  county,  N"ew  York,  en- 
tering the  junior  class  of  the  latter  institution  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  at  the  age  of  twenty,  having,  in  the  meantime,  taught  two  or 
three  terms  of  public  school.     In  1856  the  Eepublican  party  placed  John  C.  Fremont 
ia  the  field  as  its  first  presidential  candidate,  while  James  Buchanan  was  the  choice 
of  the  Democratic  party.     The  campaign  resulted  in  the  success  of  the  Democracy. 
Although  still  in  his  minority,  Mr.  Dorranee  took  an  active  part  in  behalf  of  the 
new  party,  attended  mass  meetings  and  torchlight  processions,  and  did  his  full 
share  towards  defraying  the  expenses.     Until  the  day  of  his  death,  he  remained 
true  to  his  early  convictions,  though  all  the  other  members  of  his  family  were  Dem- 
ocrats.   After  the  close  of  his  school  years,  he  took  charge  of  his  father's  extensive 
lumber  interests,  making  frequent  trips  down  the  river  on  rafts  to  the  various 
markets,  and  in  the  summer  seasons  assisting  in  the  farm  duties.     In  the  early  six- 
ties he  entered  the  copartnership  with  J.  G.  Parkhurst  and  David  Dunbar,  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  Elkland,  with  whom  he  was  associated  until  1872,  when  the 
firm  was  dissolved.     He  then  embarked  in  the  drug  business  at  Elkland,  which  he 
carried  on  five  years.    In  1877  he  entered  the  political  field  as  the  Eepublican  can- 
didate for  the  legislature  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of  Hon.  Hugh  Young.     After 
a  hard  and  spirited  contest  he  received  the  nomination,  which  was  ratified  at  the 
November  election  by  a  rousing  majority.     In  the  summer  of  1878,  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  re-election,  for  a  full  term  of  two  years.     His  party  conceded  him  the  nomi- 
nation by  acclamation,  and  in  ISTovember  following  he  was  elected  by  an  increased 
majority,     The  next  session  of  the  legislature  was  a  lengthy  and  exhaustive  one, 
and  just  before  its  close  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  post  on  account  of  failing 
health.     His  disease  being  of  a  pulmonary  character,  he  went  to  Colorado,  where  he 
spent  nearly  a  year,  seeking  in  vain  for  the  restoration  of  his  health.     The  winter 
and  spring  of  1880  was  spent  in  the  south,  with  the  same  futile  result,  and  he  ar- 
rived home  in  June,  1880.     Here  he  spent  the  summer,  aad  in  the  autumn  went 
to  Elmira,  New  York,  for  medical  treatment,  but  science  and  skill  were  unable  to 
cope  with  his  disease,  and  he  died  in  his  rooms  at  Elmira,  June  26,  1881.     By 
strict  attention  to  his  business,  and  honorable  dealing,  he  accumulated  a'competency 
of  this  worid's  goods,  which  he  judiciously  disposed  of  by  will  ere  he  died.     His 


BIOGKAPHIOAL   SKETCHES.  §41 


death  occurred  while  he  was  yet  in  the  prime  of  manhood,  with  a  future  of  great 
promise;  but  he  had  lived  to  good  purpose,  and  his  mission  was  already  fulfilled  ac- 
cording to  the  measure  of  his  years. 

George  Geeshom  Doekance,  third  son  of  George  Dorrance,  was  bom  on  the 
old  homestead  in  Elkland  township,  Tioga  county,  September  21,  1849,  and  has 
spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  place.  He  obtained  a  good  common  school  edu- 
cation, and  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  On  February  5,  1890,  he  mar- 
ried Carrie  Bulkley,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mariette  (Perry)  Bulkley,  of  Osceola, 
and  has  two  children:  Susan  Mariette  and  George.  Mr.  Dorrance  is  one  of  the 
progressive  and  enterprising  farmers  of  Elkland.  Like  his  father,  he  has  always 
been  a  Democrat,  and  has  filled  various  local  offices,  including  that  of  burgess  of 
Elkland  one  term,  and  assessor  and  councilman  about  fifteen  years  each.  In  1890 
he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  the  legislature,  and  ran  far  ahead  of  the  ticket, 
thus  proving  his  popularity  among  the  people  of  his  native  county. 

AsAHEL  Weight  was  bom  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1789,  and  was  a  son  of 
George  and  Betsey  (Post)  Wright.  When  quite  young  he  removed  to  Greene 
county,  ISTew  York,  where  he  learned  the  miller's  trade,  and  later  owned  and  operated 
a  mill  there.  In  1844  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Peimsylvania,  locating  in  Earm- 
ington  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  of  100  acres,  during  which 
period  he  also  followed  his  vocation  of  miller  in  Lawrenceville  and  Nelson.  After 
getting  his  farm  in  good  shape,  he  sold  it  and  went  to  Minnesota,  where  he  in- 
vested his  money  in  mortgages.  After  remaining  there  a  number  of  years,  he  re- 
turned to  Tioga  coimty,  and  resided  in  Kelson  until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
five.  His  wife.  Temperance  Jones,  was  born  at  Saybrook,  Connecticut,  in  1789, 
and  was  a  relative  of  John  Paul  Jones  of  Eevolutionary  fame.  She  became  the 
mother  of  nine  children,  viz:  Cordelia  A.,  who  married  David  Stevens;  Washington 
E.,  Oscar  F.,  Charles  B.,  Chauncey  P.,  William  W.,  Almira  A.,  wife  of  Alonzo  Lee; 
Omar  H.  and  Judson  P. 

William  W.  Weight,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Cairo,  Greene  coimty. 
New  York,  March  31,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of  Asahel  and  Temperance  Wright.  He 
came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents  in  1844,  and  was  educated  in  the  High 
Schools  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  and  Tompkins  county,  New  York.  In  1848 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Nelson  Packer,  of  Wellsboro,  attended 
lectures  at  Geneva  Medical  College,  Geneva,  New  York,  and  was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1849-50.  In  the  latter  year  he  commenced  practice  at  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  where,  with  the  exception  of  four  years'  residence  at  Nelson,  he  has  con- 
tinued in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession  for  the  past  forty-seven  years.  Dr. 
Wright  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Alice,  was  a  daughter  of  David  and 
Polly  (Tubbs)  Hammond,  of  Elkland;  while  his  second  wife  was  Agnes  A.  Whitney, 
of  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of  the  old  Tioga  County  Medical  Society  during  its 
existence,  and  has  always  been  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

John  T.  Wood  was  bom  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  in  1797,  and  in  1836 
settled  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a 
farm,  on  which  he  resided  until  1868.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  what  is  now  the 
State  of  South  Dakota,  where  he  died  June  9,  1871.  He  was  a  son  of  Amos  and 
Ruth  Wood,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  and  came  of  Quaker  ancestry.     His  wife, 


342  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COTIN-TT. 


Phoebe,  was  a  daughter  of  John  T.  and  Betsey  (Daxtt)  Benedict,  formerly  of 
Norwich,  Connecticut,  who  settled  in  Otsego  county,  New  York,  m  1816.  Eight 
children  were  bom  to  them,  tiz:  Eleazer,  Edgar,  Bligh,  Eobert  T.,  Euth,  who  mar- 
ried Samuel  Hitchcock,  Bucklin,  Levantia,  wife  of  George  W.  Benedict,  and  Lester. 
CoL.  EoBKET  T.  Wood  was  bom  in  Laurens  township,  Otsego  county,  New 
York,  Febmary  2,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of  John  T.  Wood.  He  was  educated  at  Mill- 
viUe  Academy,  Orleans  county,  and  Wilson  College,  Niagara  county,  New  York.  In 
1850  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  James  Lowrey,  of  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1869.  With  the  exception  of  six  years  spent  in  what  is  now  South  Dakota, 
and  the  time  he  was  in  the  army,  he  has  continued  to  practice  his  profession  at  Elk- 
land  since  his  admission  to  the  bar.  In  August,  1861,  he  raised  Company  L,  Sec- 
ond Pennsylyania  Cavalry,  and  went  to  the  front  as  captain  of  his  company.  On 
October  4,  1862,  he  resigned  his  commission,  by  reason  of  disability.  But  not  con- 
tented to  remain  idle  while  the  Nation's  life  was  in  danger,  he  re-enlisted,  July  6, 

1864,  raised  Company  H,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  again  went  to  the  front  as  captain  of  that  company.  On  March  35, 1865,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  June  7,  1865,  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel.     He  was  wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg,  April  3, 

1865.  For  six  years  he  was  district  attorney  of  Bon  Homme  county,  in  what  is  now 
South  Dakota.  On  December  10,  1851,  he  married  Mary  E.  Culver,  a  daughter  of 
Leander  and  Dolly  (Bottum)  Culver,  of  Elkland,  and  has  two  children,  Leander  and 
Jennie.  Colonel  Wood  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  was  clerk  in  the  House  of  Eepre- 
sentatives  in  1869,  1870  and  1871,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  suc- 
cess of  his  party.  He  has  been  commander  of  J.  Edgar  Parkhurst  Post,  No.  581,  G. 
A.  E.,  of  Elkland,  five  successive  terms,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and 
the  I.  0.  0.  F.    In  religious  faith  he  adheres  to  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Lewis  W.  Fbnton  was  born  in  WoodhuU,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  June 
23,  1846,  a  son  of  Lewis  and  Jemima  (Eowley)  Fenton,  and  is  of  American  and 
English  descent.  Until  eleven  years  of  age  he  resided  with  his  mother,  and  came 
to  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  in  1858,  where  he  worked  for  his  board,  clothes  and 
schooling  four  years.  On  October  27, 1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  L,  Second  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  served  until  the  fall  of  1863,  and  then  re-enlisted  as  a  veteran  in 
the  same  company  and  regiment.  He  was  promoted  to  corporal  in  the  spring  of 
1864,  and  June  28,  1865,  was  honorably  discharged,  after  three  years  and  ten 
months'  service.  He  was  taken  prisoner  by  Mosby's  command,  near  Fairfax  Court 
House,  Virginia,  in  1864,  and  after  six  days  detention  was  paroled.  He  took  part 
in  all  the  important  engagements  of  his  regiment,  and  was  a  good  and  brave  soldier. 
After  his  discharge  he  returned  to  Elkland,  and  was  employed  on  a  farm  as  a 
teamster  four  years.  In  1869  he  went  to  Scranton,  where  for  two  years  he  was  em- 
ployed as  a  brakeman  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  railroad.  Since 
1871  he  has  been  a  permanent  resident  of  Elkland,  and  for  fourteen  years  was  en- 
gaged in  the  livery  business.  Mr.  Fenton  was  married  June  4,  1878,  to  Sarah  Case, 
a  daughter  of  William  John  Case,  of  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  and  has  one  son, 
Lewis  Eaymond.  Mrs.  Fenton  died  March  13,  1896.  On  October  4,  1896,  he  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Lottie  Eockwell,  nee  Earl.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  843 


a  member  of  the  borough  council  of  Elkland  three  years,  and  constable  twenty-four 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  J.  Edgar  Parkhurst  Post,  No.  581,  G.  A.  E.;  the  I.  0. 
0.  P.,  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  K.  of  H.  societies. 

WiNDSOE  Gleason  was  born  in  Waxren,  Washington  county,  Vermont,  August 
26, 1837,  and  is  a  son, of  Windsor  and  Sophia  (Clark)  Gleason.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  county  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  attended  the  district  schools  of  his 
neighborhood.  In  1845  he  located  at  Chester,  New  Hampshire,  remaining  there 
about  five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Massachusetts,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  1863.  In  November  of  that  year  he  enlisted  in  the  Pirst  Massachusetts 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness  Campaign. 
He  was  wounded  near  North  Anna,  Virginia,  May  37,  1864,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged from  the  service  in  June,  1865.  The  same  year  he  removed  to  Elkland, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  1888,  when 
he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  to  which  of&ee  he  was  re-elected  in  1893.  On 
July  4,  1850,  Mr.  Gleason  married  Mary  Angelia  Powers,  a  daughter  of  David 
Powers,  of  Hardwick,  Worcester  coimty,  Massachusetts.  Mrs.  Gleason  was  bom  in 
Eichmond,  New  Hampshire,  February  16,  1839.  Of  the  siz  children  born  to  this 
union,  three  are  living,  viz:  Eugene  H.,  Fred  D.,  and  Lottie  L.,  wife  of  Morgan 
Ouderkirk.  The  mother  died  at  her  home  in  Elkland,  March  30, 1897,  dying,  as  she 
had  lived,  a  faithful,  consistent  Christian.  Mr.  Gleason  is  an  elder  in  the  Presby- 
terian church  of  Elkland,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  B. 
A.  TJ.  societies.     Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

Eugene  H.  Gleason,  eldest  son  of  Windsor  Gleason,  was  bom  in  Petersham, 
Massachusetts,  October  1,  1851,  and  was  fourteen  years  old  when  his  parents  came 
to  Tioga  county.  He  obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  and  since  attaining 
his  majority  he  has  been  engaged  in  lumbering,  merchandising,  dealing  in  real  es- 
tate, and  contracting  and  building.  On  December  37, 1873,  he  married  Mary  Cady, 
a  daughter  of  Chester  and  Catherine  (Baxter)  Cady,  of  Farmington  township,  and 
has  one  chUd,  Pearl  M.  Mr.  Gleason  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  a  member  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Samitel  Pbbey  Babcock  was  bom  in  Otsego  county,  New  York,  May  9,  1805, 
and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1838,  remaining  one  year  at  Lawrenee- 
ville.  In  1840  he  settled  in  Farmington  township,  where  he  had  purchased  135 
acres  of  land,  and  there  made  his  home  until  his  death,  in  1878.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife,  Maxamilla  Tallman,  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz: 
Lucretia,  wife  of  Charles  Weeks;  Eobert,  and  Hester  A.,  wife  of  Luther  Bradley. 
His  second  wife  was  Mary  Ann  CannifE,  a  daughter  of  William  Canniff,  of  Broome 
county.  New  York.  Ten  children  were  born  to  this  union,  as  follows:  William, 
Oliver  Perry,  Juliaett,  wife  of  Floyd  Wiley;  Buell  E.,  Mercy  J.,  Mary  E.,  wife  of  J. 

D.  Seely;  Ann  E.,  wife  of  Job  Bronson;  Eva,  wife  of  Evlyn  Shaw;  Dolly,  and  Samuel 

E.  Mr.  Babcock  was  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Free 
Will  Baptist  church. 

Oliver  Peeby  Babcock  was  born  in  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county, 
Febraary  7,  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  Perry  and  Mary  Ann  (Canniff)  Babcock. 
He  was  reared  in  his  native  township,  there  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and 
began  his  business  life  as  a  farmer  on  the  old  homestead.     In  September,  1863,  he  en- 


844  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

listed  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteera^  and 
went  into  the  war  as  second  sergeant  of  his  company.  He  participated  in  several 
skirmishes  and  minor  engagements,  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  March,  1863. 
In  September,  1864,  he  joined  Company  H,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  regiment, 
was  promoted  to  first  sergeant,  and  served  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman  and 
Petersburg.  He  was  wounded  in  the  latter  engagement;  was  sent  to  the  hospital,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  June  5,  1865.  On  his  return  home  he 
purchased  a  farm  in  WoodhuU,  Steuben  county,  Kew  York,  lived  there  three  years, 
and  in  1869  bought  his  present  homestead  in  Elkland  borough,  containing  150  acres, 
upon  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Babcock  has  been  twice  married.  On  July  5, 
1863,  he  married  Mary  Davenport,  a  daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Polly  (Boordman) 
Davenport,  of  Elkland,  who  became  the  mother  of  two  children,  Charles  L.  and 
Oliver  Perry.  His  second  wife  was  Kate  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Newton  and  Eliza- 
beth (Tipple)  Johnson,  of  Wellsboro.  Politically,  Mr.  Babcock  is  a  Eepublican.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  of  the  0.  A.  R.,  and  I.  0.  0.  P.  so- 
cieties. 

Chaeles  Levi  Babcock,  eldest  child  of  Oliver  Perry  and  Mary  (Davenport) 
Babcock,  was  born  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  April  21,  1864,  and  there  grew  to 
manhood.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  State  Normal  School,  Mans- 
field, and  graduated  at  Lowell's  Business  College,  Binghamton,  New  York,  in  1882. 
He  then  began  clerking  in  the  general  store  of  R.  K.  Skinner,  of  Elkland,  where  he 
was  employed  five  years.  In  1887  he  engaged  in  the  general  mercantile  business 
at  Nelson,  which  he  successfully  conducted  until  the  fall  of  1896,  when  he  was 
elected  by  the  Eepublican  voters  to  the  office  of  register  and  recorder,  which  position 
he  now  occupies.  Mr.  Babcock  was  married  October  21,  1885,  to  Mae  Bell  Skinner, 
a  daughter  of  Richard  K.  and  Ellen  (Baker)  Skinner,  of  Elkland.  Three  children 
have  been  bom  to  them,  viz:  Portia,  who  died  at  the  age  of  thirteen  months:  Gene- 
vieve, and  Richard  0.  During  his  residence  in  Nelson,  Mr.  Babcock  was  the  leading 
merchant  and  was  well  known  as  a  gentleman  of  enterprise  and  public  spirit.  A 
stanch  Republican,  he  has  served  the  party  in  various  official  capacities.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  also  of  the  P.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the 
K.  0.  T.  M.  societies. 

Joseph  Coenelius  was  born  in  Hampshire,  England,  May  4,  1815,  and  was  a 
son  of  George  and  Mary  Cornelius.  He  learned  the  tanner's  trade  in  his  native  land, 
and  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1854,  settling  in  Graysville,  Herkimer 
county,  New  York,  where  he  was  superintendent  of  a  tannery  for  ten  years.  In 
1864  he  removed  to  Aldenville,  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  a  tannery  until  1873.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  located  at  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  purchasing  the  Elkland  tannery,  which  he  enlarged  from  time  to  time  to 
accommodate  his  increasing  business,  and  conducted  it  with  gratifying  success  until 
the  autumn  of  1893,  when  he  retired  from  active  business  life,  and  died  in  Elkland 
November  15,  1895.  On  August  6,  1853,  he  married  Eliza  J.  Taylor,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Jane  Taylor,  of  Hampshire,  England,  who  survived  him  one  month 
dying  December  12,  1895.  Eleven  children  were  born  to  this  union,  as  follows' 
Ahce  E.,  wife  of  John  H.  Brock;  Florence,  wife  of  William  Brock;  Mary  J  Fannie 
E.,  wife  of  Eugene  G.  Webb;  Frank  M.,  William  T.,  George  S.,  Byron  G  '  Charles 


BI06EAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  845 


H.,  Carrie  B.,  wife  of  Fred  T.  Smith,  and  Thome.  Mr.  Cornelius  was  a  member 
of  the  Elkland  Methodist  Episcopal  ch-urch,  and  the  most  liberal  contributor  towards 
the  erection  of  the  present  church  building.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  was  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  adopted  home  and  a  prominent  factor  in  the  gi-owth 
and  development  of  Elkland. 

Feank  M.  Coenelius  was  born  in  Graysville,  Herkimer  county,  New  York, 
December  10,  1860,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  J.  (Taylor)  Cornelius,  natives 
of  England.  He  was  reared  in  Wayne  and  Tioga  counties,  Pennsylvania,  received 
a  good  education,  and  later  began  clerking  in  his  father's  tannery  office  in  Elkland. 
In  1881-83  he  was  employed  as  book-keeper  and  assistant  casMer  in  the  banking 
house  of  Joel  Parkhurst  &  Company,  of  Elkland.  In  the  fall  of  1883  he  took  the 
management  of  his  father's  tannery,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  until  1891,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  lumber  business,  which  he  continued  until  May,  1893. 
He  then  became  connected  with  the  tannery  interests  of  Proctor,  Hunt  &  Com- 
pany, of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  as  their  agent  and  manager  at  Elkland,  a  position 
he  stUl  occupies.  Mr.  Cornelius  was  married  September  36, 1888,  to  Myra  Edwards, 
a  daughter  of  Jacob  C.  and  Ada  (Carter)  Edwards,  of  Elkland,  and  has  three  chil- 
dren, Guy  E.,  Alice  Margaret  and  Joseph.  Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Elkland,  and  he  was  chairman  of  the  building  com- 
mittee in  the  construction  of  the  Methodist  church  in  that  borough.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  lodge  in  Elkland,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  that  society.  Mr.  Cornelius  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  filled 
nearly  all  of  the  local  ofiices  of  Elkland  borough. 

Elijah  Smith  came  from  Delaware  cotmty,  Kew  York,  to  Tioga  coimty, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1840,  and  followed  the  miller's  trade  in  this  county  up  to  his  death, 
in  Februarj',  1858,  aged  fifty-one  years.  He  was  caught  in  the  machinery  at  the 
Davenport  mill,  in  Elkland,  and  was  so  badly  injured  that  he  died  within  an  hour. 
For  three  years  prior  to  his  death  he  had  resided  at  Osceola.  He  married  Maria 
A.  Eomaine,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Diantha  C,  wife  of  John  Tubbs; 
Augustus  and  Eugene  B. 

AuGTTSTTjs  Smith  was  born  in  Franklin,  Delaware  county,  New  York,  June  27, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Elijah  Smith.  He  was  but  two  years  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  Union  Academy.  He  commenced  clerking  at  Osceola  in  a  general 
store,  and  later  carried  on  the  mercantile  business  there  several  years.  Since  July, 
1883,  he  has  been  the  agent  at  Osceola  for  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eailroad 
Company.  Mr.  Smith  was  married  April  30,  1863,  to  Helen  Taylor,  a  daughter 
of  Col.  Philip  and  Sally  (Eyon)  Taylor,  of  Osceola,  and  has  two  children,  Eva  L.  and 
Fred  T.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Feed  T.  Smith  was  born  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  January  37,  1870,  and  is  a 
son  of  Augustus  Smith,  and  grandson  of  Elijah  Smith.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
town  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  then  located  at  Knoxville  as  telegraph  operator 
for  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company,  which  position  he  filled  six 
months.  In  June,  1887,  he  came  to  Elkland,  where  he  held  the  position  of  railroad 
agent  for  the  same  company  until  January,  1894.  In  1890  he  engaged  in 
the   wholesale   lumber   business,   in   which   he  still   continues,    and   since   May, 


§4.6  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


1894,  has  also  been  sales  agent  for  the  lumber  interests  of  C.  L.  Pattison. 
Mr.  Smith  was  married  November  12,  1890,  to  Carrie  B.  Cornelius,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Eliza  (Taylor)  Cornelius,  of  Elkland,  and  has  one  son,  Clayton  C.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  He  is  one  of  the  enterprising  young  busi- 
ness men  of  Elkland,  and  gives  a  hearty  support  to  every  worthy  project. 

Egbert  P.  McCann  was  born  in  Bath,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  August  16, 
1847,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Phoebe  (Gregory)  McCann.  His  paternal  grandfather, 
John  McCann,  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  while  his  maternal  grandfather,  Stephen 
Gregory,  was  from  Connecticut,  and  a  pioneer  of  Steuben  county.  New  York.  His 
father,  Jacob  McCann,  was  a  native  of  Chemung  county.  New  York,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  occupation  of  a  farmer.  During  the  Kebellion,  he  served  in  Company  P, 
One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  New  York  Volunteers,  and  was  wounded  in  the  side 
by  a  shell  in  the  Eed  Eiver  campaign.  After  three  years'  service,  he  was  honorably 
discharged,  and  died  in  1873,  from  the  effects  of  his  wounds.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  reaped  in  his  native  county,  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and 
from  thirteen  years  of  age  was  employed  on  a  farm.  In  August,  1864,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  H,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-ninth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  Five  Forks  and  other  engagements.  He  was  promoted  to 
orderly  sergeant  in  February,  1865,  and  the  following  May  was  mustered  out  with 
his  regiment  at  Washington,  3D.  C.  After  his  return  home,  he  learned  the  brick 
mason's  and  plasterer's  trades,  which  he  followed  fifteen  years.  Since  1872  he  has 
been  a  resident  of  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  where  he  engaged  in  the  general  insurance 
business  in  1889,  which  he  still  continues.  In  July,  1894,  he  was  appointed  post- 
master of  Elkland,  which  office  he  still  occupies.  In  1866,  Mr.  McCann  married 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Strong,  daughter  of  John  E.  Shott,  of  "Waterlooj  New  York.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  G.  A.  E. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  served  five  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Elkland. 

Joseph  C.  Dulso  was  born  at  "Waterloo,  Seneca  county.  New  York,  January 
21,  1858,  a  son  of  Nicholas  and  Katherine  E.  (Ester)  Dulso,  and  is  of  French  and 
German  descent.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Union  army  during  the  Eebellion, 
and  died  in  the  hospital  at  Newberne,  North  Carolina,  in  1864,  from  yellow  fever. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  town,  and  there  obtained  a  public  school  educa- 
tion. He  served  an  apprenticeship  of  over  three  years  at  the  barber's  trade,  in 
Seneca  Falls,  New  York,  and  in  1875  he  located  at  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  where 
he  embarked  in  business  for  himself.  At  that  time  he  was  the  only  barber  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley,  between  Lawrenceville  and  the  Potter  county  line.  For  the 
past  twenty  yeaxs  he  has  continued  to  carrj^  on  the  same  business  at  Elkland,  and 
has  accumulated  a  competence.  In  1893  he  erected  a  substantial  brick  building 
for  business  purposes,  fitted  up  with  all  modern  improvements,  including  bath  rooms. 
The  building  is  conspicuous  for  its  beauty,  and  would  attract  attention  in  a  much 
larger  town  thau  Elkland,  being  no  doubt  the  finest  barber  shop  in  Tioga  county. 
Mr.  Dulso  was  married  May  27,  1877,  to  Sarah  J.  Cunningham,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Margaret  Cunningham,  of  Campbell,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  and  has  two 
children,  Katie  aud  Annie.     In  politics,  Mr.  Dulso  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religious 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  847 


belief,  a  Catholic.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  one  of  the  enterprising 
citizens  of  the  borough. 

Joel  Chambeeiain  was  born  in  Maryland,  Otsego  county,  New  York,  in  1795, 
a  son  of  Elisha  and  Deborah  (Holdridge)  Chamberlain,  natives  of  New  England  and 
pioneers  of  Otsego  county.  In  1840  he  came  with  his  family  to  Chatham  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  subsequently 
removing  to  Farmington  township,  where  he  died  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  Henry, 
February  1,  1869,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year.  His  wife,  Eleanor,  was  a  daughter 
of  Henry  Waite,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  and  died  in  Chatham  township,  June 
26,  1879,  in  her  seventy-seventh  year.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  David  W., 
Henry  E.,  Jonathan  Ed.,  Martha  A.,  who  married  Eli  Beard;  Sally  D.,  who  married 
Oscar  Clark;  WilUam,  Eleanor,  who  married  Frank  Andrews;  _  Joel,  and  Esther  M., 
who  married  Samuel  Kendrick.  Mr.  Chamberlain  was  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church,  while  his  wife  was  a  Presbyterian.  In  politics,  he  supported  the  Eepublican 
party,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 

Henet  Elisha  Chambeelaist,  son  of  Joel  Chamberlain,  was  born  in  Mary- 
land, Otsego  county.  New  York,  March  14,  1837,  and  came  to  Chatham  township 
with  his  parents  when  about  thirteen  years  old.  He  assisted  his  father  to  clear  the 
old  homestead,  and  after  his  marriage,  in  1849,  he  settled  on  a  farm  of  fifty-five 
acres  in  Chatham,  which  he  subsequently  sold  and  purchased  105  acres  in  the  same 
township,  twenty  of  which  he  cleared.  In  1882  he  removed  to  Elkland  borough, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  June  3,  1895.  On  April  8,  1849,  he  married 
Maria  Gleason,  a  daughter  of  Nelson  and  Esther  (Taylor)  Gleason,  whose  paternal 
and  maternal  grandfathers,  Paul  Gleason  and  Ebenezer  Taylor,  were  pioneers  of 
Tioga  county.  Four  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  three  of  whom  survive,  viz: 
Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Truman  E.  Pierce;  George  E.,  and  Dora  A.,  wife  of  E.  A.  How- 
land.  On  September  13,  1864,  Mr.  Chamberlain  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Ninety- 
ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was  transferred  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
ninth  regiment,  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Hatcher's  Bun,  Clover  Hill,  Appomat- 
tox and  Petersburg,  and  was  honorably  discharged,  June  28,  1865.  In  religion,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican, 
He  was  connected  with  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  was  a  worthy,  patriotic  citizen. 

Lemuel  Cadt,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  settled  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  about 
1810.  In  1813  he  removed  to  Farmington  township  and  purchased  300  acres  of 
land,  which  he  soon  afterwards  sold  and  returned  to  Osceola.  He  was  a  carpenter, 
and  worked  at  his  trade  up  to  1833  in  Osceola,  when  he  bought  100  acres  in  Farm- 
ington adjoining  his  original  purchase.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  property 
and  resided  upon  it  many  years.  In  later  life  he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  died  in  that 
State  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years.  He  married  Ruth  Gleason,  of  Connecticut, 
who  bore  him  eleven  children,  viz:  Chester,  Abner,  Lemuel,  William,  Simeon, 
Selina,  who  married  I.  D.  Foote;  Polly,  who  married  Lucius  Daly;  Emma,  who 
married  "William  Van  Dusen;  George,  Charles  and  Erastus.  In  religion,  Mr.  Cady 
was  an  adherent  of  the  Christian  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Republican. 

Simeon  Cadt,  fourth  son  of  Lemuel  and  Ruth  Cady,  was  bom  in  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  January  27,  1822,  was  reared  in  Farmington  township,  and  attended 
the  common  schools  in  boyhood.     He  made  farming  his  life  vocation,  first  clearing 


348  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 


up  fifty  acres  in  Farming-ton,  which  he  later  exchanged  for  156  acres  in  the  same 
township.  This  he  also  cleared  and  improved,  and  owned  it  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  He  resided  on  his  farm  until  1886,  when  he  removed  to  Elkland,  and  died 
in  that  borough,  March  10,  1896,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year.  Mr.  Cady  was  married 
May  24, 1843,  to  Jemima  Baxter,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Phoebe  Baxter,  of  Parm- 
ington  township,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Melvtn,  de- 
ceased, who  married  Elizabeth  Edwards;  Edwin,  who  married  Addie  Upton; 
Marietta,  wife  of  Ira  Keeney;  Marcus,  who  married  Ella  Beard;  Milton,  who 
married  Lillian  Shelly,  and  John,  who  married  Bertha  Bolt.  Mrs.  Cady  died 
January  23, 1894.  Mr.  Cady  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  half 
a  century,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party.  His  life  was  an 
example  of  honesty  and  industry,  as  well  as  kindly  charity  towards  his  fellowmen. 

Geoege  C.  Signob,  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Signor,  was  bom  at  Kingston, 
Ulster  county.  New  York,  February  15,  1858,  and  is  a  son  of  Capt.  David  A.  and 
Sarah  M.  (DeBell)  Signor.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Jacob  I.  Signor,  son  of 
David  Abiel  Signor,  was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Ulster  county,  of  which  at  one 
time  he  was  sheriff.  His  paternal  grandmother  was  Catherine  Hasbrouck.  His 
maternal  grandparents,  Daniel  and  Phoebe  A.  (Fairchild)  DeBell,  were  also  resi- 
dents of  Ulster  county,  New  York.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  that  State,  and  was 
educated  in  the  Ithaca  public  schools  and  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Cortland, 
graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1875.  After  leaving  school  he  studied  law 
for  a  year  and  a  half,  for  the  purpose  of  fitting  himself  for  business.  He  next  spent 
three  years  in  Kansas,  as  overseer  and  manager  of  a  large  cattle  ranch.  In  1880 
he  located  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  conducted  the  Eagle  House  for 
one  year.  The  following  three  years  he  spent  in  Virginia,  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness, and  in  1884  purchased  the  National  Hotel  at  Corning,  New  York,  which  he 
conducted  one  year.  He  then  sold  out  and  bought  the  Westlake  Hotel,  at  Addison, 
New  York,  which  he  carried  on  one  year,  and  then  sold  it.  In  1886  he  purchased 
the  hotel  property  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  since  known  as  the  Hotel  Signor. 
Here  he  has  built  up  a  successful  business,  and  conducts  one  of  the  model  hotels 
of  the  Cowanesque  valley.  Mr.  Signor  was  married  September  8,  1880,  to  Etta 
Piay,  a  daughter  of  Nelson  G.  and  Hattie  (Howland)  Pay,  of  Knoxville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  one  son.  Pay.  In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  S.  F.  I. 

Asa  Ceandall,  a  native  of  Phode  Island,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Coving- 
ton, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  furni- 
ture a  number  of  years.  He  was  of  Scotch  descent,  his  ancestors  being  members 
of  the  Clan  McCannan.  His  wife,  Matilda,  was  a  daughter  of  Captain  Saunders, 
an  Englishman,  who  was  lost  at  sea  while  on  a  whaling  expedition.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Crandall  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  John,  Eliza,  who  married 
George  Backus;  Mary,  who  married  George  Frink;  Asa,  Artemesia,  who  married 
a  Mr.  Booth;  Sarah,  who  married  Deacon  Kinney;  Hannah,  who  married  Chauncy 
Johnson,  and  Chai-les  M.  Mr.  Crandall  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Baptist 
church,  and  in  politics,  he  was  a  Whig.  He  died  in  Covington  about  1850,  and 
is  there  buried. 

Chaeles  M.  Ceandall,  youngest  son  of  Asa  and  Matilda  (Saunders)  Crandall, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  849 


was  born  in  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  30,  1834,  and  was  reared  in 
Tioga  county.  In  eaxly  life  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  Indiana,  but  dur- 
ing the  war,  he  returned  east  and  located  at  Montrose,  Susquehanna  county,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  toys  and  novelties  from  1861  to  1883.  In 
the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Waverly,  New  York,  where  he  has  since  carried  on 
the  same  business.  Mr.  Crandall  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Susan, 
a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Margaret  (Wilcox)  Kress,  of  Bradford  county.  Her 
grandfather  was  an  expert  silversmith,  and  stole  his  passage  to  America  because 
of  an  English  law  prohibiting  silversmiths  leaving  that  country.  Four  children 
were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Fred  W.,  Benjamin  J.,  Jesse  M.  and  Fannie.  His 
second  wife  was  Annie  F.  Austin,  a  daughter  of  Dana  Austin,  of  Montrose,  Penn- 
sylvania, who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Bessie,  Charlie,  Florence,  Mable  and 
Dorothea.  Mr.  Crandall  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party,  and  in  religion, 
a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Feed  W.  Ceandall,  eldest  child  of  Charles  M.  and  Susan  (Kress)  Crandall, 
was  born  at  Laporte,  Indiana,  March  29,  1855.  When  six  years  oLd  he  removed 
mth  his  parents  to  Montrose,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools, 
and  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Millersville,  and  v/hen  fifteen  years  of  age  he 
entered  his  father's  factory  at  Montrose.  He  served  as  manager  for  two  years, 
and  on  attaining  his  majority  he  took  entire. charge  of  the  factory  under  contract, 
occupying  that  position  until  1880.  A  stock  company  was  then  organized,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  our  subject  taking  one-fourth  of  the  amount.  He  eon- 
tinned  as  manager  of  the  manufacturing  branch  of  the  business  up  to  1883,  when 
the  stock  company  was  wound  up,  Mr.  Crandall  purchasing  the  business  and  con- 
tinuing it  under  the  firm  name  of  F.  W.  Crandall  &  Company,  until  August  26, 
1886.  On  that  date  the  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire,  entailing  a  loss  of  $40,000. 
Two  weeks  later  he  resumed  business  in  rented  rooms,  using  power  from  the  agri- 
cultural works  at  that  place,  and  in  January,  1887,  he  removed  to  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  purchasing  the  plant  of  the  Elkland  Chair  Company.  He  has  since  added 
sub=laniial  buildings  to  accommodate  his  increasing  business  in  the  manufacture 
of  toys  and  novelties,  and  gives  employment  to  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  hands, 
doing  an  annual  business  of  $30,000.  He  has  also  been  engaged  in  lumbering  since 
1894,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and  substantial  citizens  of  the  borough.  Mr. 
Crandall  was  married  at  Montrose,  Pennsylvania,  October  12,  1876,  to  Augusta  A. 
Seymour,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Ann  E.  (Howell)  Seymour.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  four  children,  viz:  Susie  K.,  Mary  H.,  Fannie  M.  and  Helen  A.  Mrs. 
Crandall  died  March  14,  1893.  Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  has  served  on  the 
school  board  and  common  council  of  Elkland,  and  is  a  member  and  trustee  of  the 
Presbyterian  church. 

Clark  B.  Bailey,  a  son  of  Clark  W.  and  Vesta  (Judd)  Bailey,  and  grandson 
of  Eoswell  Bailey,  a  pioneer  of  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  was  born  in 
Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  September  30,  1851.  When  he  was  five  years 
of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Mansfield,  where  he  obtained  his  education  at  the 
State  Normal  School.  In  1884  he  purchased  a  foundry  plant  at  Knoxville,  which 
was  burned  in  1888,  and  in  January,  1890,  he  erected  a  plant  at  Elkland.  This 
was  burned  in  December  following,  and  he  immediately  rebuilt  in  1891,  which  he 

54 


850  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

still  owns,  but  leases.  Prom  August,  1893,  up  to  March,  1896,  he  operated  the 
Elkland  Basket  Works,  of  which  he  was  four-fifths  owner,  and  gave  employment 
to  seventy-five  hands.  On  the  latter  date  he  sold  to  the  Davidge  Manufacturing 
Company,  in  which  he  is  a  stockholder,  and  the  works  were  removed  to  Coudersport, 
Potter  county.  Mr.  Bailey  is  general  agent  for  the  McCormick  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  Chicago,  for  the  sale  of  their  machines  in  Tioga  and  adjoining  coun- 
ties, which  position  he  has  held  since  1888.  He  hiis  built  up  an  extensive  business, 
increasing  his  sales  from  twelve  machines  the  first  year  to  300  in  1895.  On  March 
15,  1882,  Mr.  Bailey  married  Fettle  Bixby,  a  daughter  of  Gilbert  H.  and  Louisa 
Bixby,  of  "Waverly,  New  York.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children:  Eoy  J., 
Clara  V.,  Gertrude  B.  and  Harold  C.  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  in  poliiics,  is  a  Eepublican. 

Phof.  Makion  F.  Cass,  principal  of  the  Elkland  public  schools,  was  born  in 
.Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  26,  1850,  a  son  of 
Willard  and  Esther  (Cass)  Cass,  both  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  and  of  Scotch 
extraction.  His  parents  settled  in  Farmington  township  about  1847,  where  his 
father  resided  until  his  death  in  1894.  Marion  F.  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead 
until  thirteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Elkland  and  entered  the  employ  of  Joel 
Parkhurst,  with  whom  he  remained  three  years.  He  then  returned  to  Farmington, 
and  worked  on  a  farm  in  summer,  while  he  taught  school  during  the  winter  seasons, 
for  several  years.  He  graduated  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  in  1873, 
and  subsequently  taught  six  years  at  Nelson  anl  three  years  at  Lawrenceville.  He 
was  county  superintendent  of  schools  for  nine  successive  years,  and  filled  the  office 
with  credit  and  ability.  In  1890  he  was  principal  of  the  Elkland  public  schools, 
and  since  1891  he  has  filled  the  same  position,  being  to-day  one  of  the  most  popular 
teachers  in  the  county.  Professor  Cass  was  married  May  17,  1876,  to  Susan  M. 
Baxter,  a  daughter  of  G.  Henry  and  Clara  (Manley)  Barter,  of  Nelson  township, 
and  has  two  children,  George  W.  and  Eva  E.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  also  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  0.  0.  P. 

Cael  E.  Bailey  was  born  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
January  11,  1865,  and  is  a  son  of  Eobert  B.  and  Julia  (Hager)  Bailey,  a  sketch  of 
whom  appears  in  this  work.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
township  and  at  Charleston  High  School,  In  1883  he  went  to  Herkimer  county, 
New  York,  continuing  there  for  nearly  seven  years,  during  which  period  he  learned 
his  present  business.  In  1889  he  located  at  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  meat  market,  and  has  since  successfully  carried  on  a  wholesale  and  retail 
business,  the  leading  business  of  the  kind  in  this  vicinity.  He  also  owns  and  oper- 
ates the  largest  cold  storage  plant  in  Tioga  county,  and  is  the  proprietor  of  the  only 
ice  business  in  Elkland.  Mr.  Bailey  was  married  April  .33,  1891,  to  Viola  Cross,  a 
daughter  of  Nathan  and  Adelia  (Smith)  Cross,  of  Little  Falls,  New  York.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  is  also  connected  with  Elkland  Lodge,  No.  800,  I.  0.  0. 
F.,  and  is  one  of  the  progressive  young  business  men  of  that  borough. 

John  Wakely  (originally  spelled  "Waklee"),  born  in  Otsego  county,  New  York, 
in  1796,  was  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Cummings)  Wakely,  pioneers  'of  Deerfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.     In  1827  he  removed  to  Brookfield  town- 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  851 


shipj  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  of  136  acres.  In  the  spring  of  1864 
he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Tronpsbiirg,  New  York,  where  he  died  March  38,  of 
that  year,  aged  sixty-eight.  He  was  twice  married.  PLis  first  wife,  Dinah,  was  a 
daughter  of  Rnfus  and  Mary  Cook,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  and  became  the 
mother  of  six  children.  His  second  wife  wa.s  Mary  A.  Murdoek.  During  his  resi- 
dence in  Deerfield  township,  Mr.  "Wakely  served  as  constable  for  several  years,  and 
for  twelve  years  he  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Brookfield  township.  In  1837  he 
was  elected  sherifE  of  Tioga  county,  which  office  he  filled  for  three  years.  In  1841 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  and  served  in  that  body  with  marked  ability.  Mr. 
Wakely  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

William  0.  Wakely,  son  of  John  and  Mary  A.  (Murdoek)  Wakely,  was  bom 
in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  June  5,  1840,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  Union  Academy.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was  slightly  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
and  after  nine  months'  service  was  honorably  discharged.  In  1864  he  re-enlisted  in 
Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  For  twelve  years  afterwards  he  dealt  in  horses,  during 
which  time  he  resided  in  Westfield,  and  from  1888  to  1884,  he  followed  the  same 
business  in  Wisconsin.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  employed  as  a  salesman  of 
agricultural  implements  in  Tioga  county  and  vicinity,  his  residence  being  at  Elk- 
land  since  April,  1894.  Mr.  Wakely  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Mrs.  Kate 
Secord,  was  a  daughter  of  John  Losey,  of  West  Pike,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania, 
who  left  one  son  by  her  former  husband,  Sheridan  J.  Secord.  His  second  wife 
was  Cassie  Sherwood,  a  daughter  of  Orrin  and  Lucy  A.  (Seely)  Sherwood,  of  Brook- 
field  township.  Mr  WaJcely  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  in  politics,  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Chahles  Sandbach,  son  of  William  and  Catherine  Sandbach,  was  born  in 
Prussia,  Germany,  April  13, 1842,  and  immigrated  to  New  York  City  in  1850.  He 
there  learned  and  followed  the  occupation  of  a  feeder  of  cylinder  presses.  In  1864 
he  married  Maria  Wiesner,  of  that  city,  and  the  same  year  located  in  Germania,  Pot- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  became  the  proprietor  of  the  Germania  Hotel, 
which  he  conducted  until  1880.  In  1881  he  purchased  the  Baldwin  House,  at 
Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  changed  the  name  to  the  Sandbach  House,  thoroughly 
refitted  and  refiimished  it,  and  has  since  successfully  carried  it  on.  Mr.  Sandbach 
and  wife  are  the  parents  of  five  children,  viz:  Eobert  W.,  Eichard  E.,  Emily  M., 
wife  of  Dr.  F.  L.  Dolbeai'e,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York;  Martha  and  Elsa.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Sandbach  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 

EiCHAED  E.  Sandbach,  second  son  of  Charles  Sandbach,  was  born  in  Ger- 
mania, Potter  county,  October  29,  1866,  and  was  reared  in  Potter  and  Tioga  coun- 
ties. In  1884  he  went  to  New  York  City,  where  he  was  employed  as  entry  clerk 
and  assistant  book-keeper  in  a  wholesale  hotise  until  1887,  during  which  period  he 
passed  a  civil  service  examination  for  a  clerkship  in  the  appraisers'  department  of 
the  United  States  Custom  House,  which  position  he  filled  from  January  18,  1887, 
until  March  6,  1890.  On  April  1,  1890,  he  returned  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county, 
where  he  clerked  in  his  father's  hotel  three  months,  and  then  assumed  management 
of  the  same  until  January  1, 1891.     In  October  of  the  latter  year,  he  went  to  Oeosta, 


852  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Washington,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  brewing  business  for  two  years  and  a  half. 
In  May,  1894,  he  removed  his  brewery  to  Keno,  Nevada,  but  sold  out  in  October 
and  returned  to  Tioga  county.  His  mother  having  purchased  the  Coles  Hotel,  at 
Elkland,  he  became  proprietor  of  the  same,  and  since  November  1,  1894,  he  has 
since  conducted  it  under  the  name  of  the  Sandbach  House.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  0.  0.  r.,  and  K.  of  P.,  and  in  politics,  an  ardent  Democrat. 

WiLLAKD  C.  Griffiths  was  born  in  Elmira,  New  York,  February  38,  1867,  a 
son  of  William  E.  and  Mary  C.  (Gould)  Griffiths,  and  is  of  Welsh  descent.  He  was 
reared  in  New  York  state,  and  was  educated  in  the  Addison  Union  school  and  acad- 
emy. On  August  14,  1881,  he  entered  the  oiiice  of  the  Addison  Advertiser,  to  serve 
an  apprenticeship  at  the  printer's  trade,  and  remained  there  six  years.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1887,  he  went  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  where  he  worked  on  different  papers, 
and  finally  lield  an  important  position  in  a  large  job  printing  and  book  publishing 
house  of  that  city  four  years  In  1891  he  located  at  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  pui'- 
chasing  the  plant  of  the  Elkiand  Journal,  which  paper  he  conducted  until  Septem- 
ber, 189G,  when  it  suspended  publication.  Mr.  Griffiths  was  married  FebmarTy'  35, 
1893,  to  .Jennie  M.  Hammond,  a  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Addie  (Delamater)  Ham- 
mond, of  Osceola,  and  has  two  daughters,  Helen  M.  and  Florence  A.  Politically, 
Mr.  Griffiths  is  a  Eepublican. 

OSCEOLA   BOROUGH. 

IsH-4EL  BuLKLET  WHS  One  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  Cowanesque  valley,  locating 
in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  ISOO.  The  Bulkley  family  is  of  ancient 
English  lineage.  Ten  generations  can  be  traced  on  English  soil  down  to  Eev. 
Peter  Bulkley,  of  Odell,  a  graduate  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  who  immi- 
grated to  America  in  1634,  and  settled  at  Concord,  Massachusetts.  From  the  Eev. 
Peter  Bulkley,  the  line  of  descent  runs  through  the  Eev.  Gershom  and  Eev.  .John 
Bulkley,  to  Peter  Bulkley,  of  Colchester,  Connecticut,  who  married  Susamiah 
Newton,  and  was  the  father  of  Israel  Bulklej',  tlie  pioneer  of  the  family  in  Tioga 
county.  Israel  was  born  January  33,  1763,  and  served  a  brief  time  in  Capt.  N. 
Waterman's  company,  in  the  Eevolution,  when  the  British  burned  New  London. 
He  married  Lucy  Chapin,  born  November  23,  1767.  Their  children  were  as  fol- 
lows: Ealph,  born  December  19, 1794;  George,  November  37, 1796,  who  died  young; 
Lucy,  March  39,  1799,  who  married  Col.  Lemuel  Davenport;  George  (3nd),  October 
3, 1801,  the  first  of  the  family  born  in  Tioga  county;  Ira,  March  3, 1804;"  Hiram,  Sep- 
tember 17,  1806;  Newton,  April  34,  1809,  and  Charles,  September  18,  1813,  who 
died,  in  early  youth.  At  the  time  of  his  removal  to  this  county,  Mr.  Bu.lkley  pos- 
sessed considerable  property,  and  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley.  He  brought  with  him  an  improved  breed  of  cattle  and  other 
live  stock,  cleared  the  farm  upon  which  his  grandson,  Charles  Bulkley,  now  resides, 
established  a  blacksmith  shop,  dealt  in  merchandise,  built  a  grist-mill,  earding-mill 
and  distillery,  and  was  a  land  surveyor  and  agent  for  the  Strawbridge  estate.  He 
planted  a  nursery  of  fruit  trees  upon  his  farm,  from  which  was  raised  the  first 
orchards  in  Tioga  county.  His  plantation  was  a  central  point  in  the  pioneer  set- 
tlements, and  meetings,  elections  and  general  training-days  were  held  at  his  place 
for  several  years.  He  died  January  18, 1838,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Ira,  who 
then  took  charge  of  the  homestead  farm. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  853 


Ika  Bulkley  was  honi  in  Osceola,  Tioga  eoimty,  Maxch  3,  1804,  grew  to  man- 
liood  on  the  homestead,  and  limited  his  business  operations  almost  entirely  to  farm- 
ing. He  brought  his  farm  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  was  awarded  the 
prize  of  the  Tioga  County  Agricultural  Society  several  times  for  possessing  the  best 
improved  farm  in  the  county.  One  of  the  attractions  of  the  place  for  many  years 
was  a  well-stocked  deer  park.  Mr.  Bulkley  was  twice  married.  On  October  4, 1826, 
he  married  Harriet  Belding,  a  daughter  of  Cyprian  and  Harriet  (Belding)  Wright, 
to  whom  were  bom  three  children,  viz:  Charles,  bom  November  25,  1827;  Esther, 
June  13,  1829,  and  Harriet,  December  13,  1831,  the  last  two  of  whom  died  young. 
He  was  again  married  November  24, 1833,  to  Esther  Maria  Wright,  born  in  1812,  who 
died  September  18, 1895.     Mr.  Bulkley  died  November  19, 1876. 

Chaeles  Bulkley,  only  living  child  of  Ira  Bulkley,  was  born  on  the  homestead, 
November  25,  1827.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Union 
Academy.  He  succeeded  to  the  home  farm,  and  has  acquired  by  successive  purchase 
the  larger  part  of  his  grandfather's  real  estate,  until  to-day  he  is  the  owner  of  over 
500  acres  of  highly  improved  farming  land.  He  has  held  many  local  offices  with 
much  acceptance  to  those  he  served.  He  has  been  twice  married.  On  November 
26,  1856,  he  married  Marietta,  a  daughter  of  Lloyd  and  Maria  (Eeynolds)  Perry. 
Their  children  were:  Perry,  bom  August  29,  1857,  who  died  young;  Myra,  Novem- 
ber 15, 1858,  wife  of  Henry  Tubbs,  and  Carrie,  September  24,  1867,  wife  of  George 
Gershom  Dorrance.  He  was  again  married  August  26,  1885,  to  Mrs.  Clarissa 
Mannigan,  who  died  November  10, 1896. 

George  Newton  Bulkley  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  October  8, 
1845,  and  resided  on  the  Newton  Bulkley  homestead  in  Osceola  borough  until  his 
death,  January  7, 1885.  He  was  a  son  of  Newton  and  Phoebe  Ann  (Barker)  Bulkley, 
and  a  grandson  of  Israel  and  Lucy  (Chapin)  Bulkley.  His  father  was  born  in  Osceola, 
April  24,  1809,  married  Phoebe  Ann  Barker,  and  lived  and  died  upon  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  his  grand-daughter,  Mrs.  Eobert  C.  Baker.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  married  March  19,  1867,  to  Hannah  Eudora  Brader,  a  daughter  of  George  and 
Mary  (Chapin)  Brader,  of  Kingston,  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  who  bore  him 
two  children:  Thomas  B.,  deceased,  and  Phoebe  Prances,  wife  of  Robert  C.  Baker. 
Mr.  Bulkley  was  a  florist  and  market  gardner,  took  a  deep  interest  in  horticulture, 
and  won  many  prizes  at  county  fairs  and  exhibits.  He  owned  235  acres  of  land,  of 
which  160  acres  is  in  the  old  homestead.  In  politics,  he  was  an  ardent  Eepublican, 
and  in  religion  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Abner  Gleason  was  born  in  Oxford,  Massachusetts,  December  6,  1745,  a 
son  of  Joseph  and  Lydia  (Tarbox)  Gleason.  He  came  from  Charlton,  Massachusetts, 
to  what  is  now  Osceola,  Tioga  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1809,  and  worked  at  the 
cooper's  trade.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  mfe,  Abigail  Rich,  bore  him  six 
children,  viz:  David,  Rachel,  Paul,  Abigail,  Abner  and  William.  His  second 
wife,  Deborah  Baker,  was  the  mother  of  two  children:  Ruth,  who  married  Lemuel 
Cady,  and  Polly,  who  married  Simon  Nicholas.  Mr.  Gleason  died  in  1816,  and  his 
remains  were  the  first  interred  in  Osceola  cemetery. 

Paul  Gleason,  son  of  Abner  and  Abigail  Gleason,  was  bom  in  Charlton, 
Massachusetts,  JaJiuary  12,  1778,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Osceola,  Tioga 
county,  in  1809,  where. he  worked  at  the  shoemaker's  trade  and  also  engaged  in 


854  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


farming.  On  February  16, 1803,  he  married  .Judith,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Cathe- 
rine Warren.  Seven  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Nelson,  Julia, 
who  married  Armon  Cloos;  Warren,  John  W.,  George  E.,  Anna,  who  married  James 
Tuhbs,  and  Maneir.  Mr.  Gleason  was  the  first  constable  of  Elkland,  and  held  several 
other  local  offices  at  different  periods.     He  died  June  38,  1843. 

Mancie  Gleason,  youngest  child  of  Paul  and  Judith  Gleason,  was  born  in 
Osceola,  Tioga  county,  July  14,  1834,  and  in  early  manhood  began  working  in  the 
lumber  woods,  and  also  on  a  farm.  He  later  spent  two  years  as  a  jobber  in  clearing 
land  in  Chatham  township.  In  1844  he  purchased  the  farm  in  Osceola  upon  which 
he  now  resides,  where  he  has  lived  for  more  than  half  a  centuiy.  Mr.  Gleason  was 
married  November  9,  1851,  to  Mary  Van  Zile,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Hannah 
(Mills)  Van  Zile,  of  Osceola,  and  has  three  children:  Ezra,  James  and  Metta. 
Mrs.  Gleason  died  November  6, 1896.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member 
of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

EzEA  Gleason,  eldest  child  of  Maneir  Gleason,  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga 
county,  September  33,  1853,  grew  to  manhood  upon  the  old  homestead,  and  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Elkland  and  Osceola.  In  1877  he  purchased 
ninety  acres  of  the  old  farm,  most  of  which  he  has  cleared  and  improved,  and  has 
since  added  sixty-six  acres  to  his  original  purchase.  On  March  33,  1877,  he  mar- 
ried Sarah  S.  Perkins,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Marietta  (Brown)  Perkins,  of 
Steuben  county.  New  York.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children:  Judd,  Bertha, 
Samuel  and  Harry.  Mr.  Gleason  is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and  the  K.  &  L.  of  H. 
He  is  a  Republican,  in  politics,  and  is  one  of  the  school  directors  of  Osceola. 

Ebenezeb  Tayloe  was  bom  on  the  Delaware  river,  in  either  Pennsylvania  or 
New  Jersey,  November  15,  1767,  a  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Permelia  Taylor.  He 
settled  in  what  is  now  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1803,  removing  to 
what  is  now  Osceola  in  1811.  He  was  a  hunter  of  considerable  note,  and  when 
not  out  on  the  chase,  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  He  married  Polly  Cook, 
a  daughter  of  Reuben  Cook,  the  pioneer,  who  died  at  Osceola,  June  35,  1839. 
Their  children  were  as  follows:  Sally,  who  married  John  Mascho;  Samuel,  Per- 
melia, who  married  Samuel  Tubbs;  Philip,  Polly,  who  married  Benjamin  Tubbs; 
Margaret,  who  married  Abel  Cloos;  Esther,  who  became  the  wife  of  Nelson  Gleason; 
Catherine,  who  married  Asahel  Morey;  Lavina,  who  married  William  Weeks; 
Lucinda,  who  married  John  W.  Gleason,  and  Elvira  C,  who  became  the  wife  of 
David  M.  Van  Zile.     Mr.  Taylor  died  November  14,  1850. 

Col.  Philip  Tayloe,  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Polly  Taylor,  is  a  well-remembered 
farmer  of  Osceola,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  the  farm  now  owned  by  Charles 
B.  Hoyt.  He  was  married  by  Nathaniel  Seely,  Esq.,  June  3,  1835,  to  Sally  Ryon, 
a  daughter  of  Judge  John  and  Susannah  Eyon,  who  settled  on  the  site  of  Elkland 
in  the  spring  of  1811.  She  was  bom  in  Newtown,  now  a  part  of  Elmira,  New  York, 
December  38, 1808,  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  twelve  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living.  Mrs.  Taylor  became  the  mother  of  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  survive, 
as  follows:  Polly,  who  married  Jeremiah  Stoddard;  Charlotte  R.,  widow  of  Prol 
I.  G.  Hoyt;  Hiram,  Susan,  who  married  J.  B.  Payne;  Helen  M.,  who  married  Au- 
gustus Smith;  Charles  R.,  and  Permeha,  who  married  P.  G.  Wass.  Mr.  Taylor  was 
a  colonel  in  the  militia  prior  to  the  Rebellion,  hence  his  title.     He  filled  several 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  855' 


local  offices  in  the  township  at  different  periods,  and  took  an  active  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs.  Colonel  Taylor  and  wife  united  with  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Elk- 
land,  Majch  13,  1859,  and  remained  consistent  members  until  their  death.  He 
died  in  1866.  His  wife  surviyed  him  thirty  years,  dying  in  Osceola,  Sunday  morn- 
ing, March  1,  1896,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year  of  her  age,  one  of  the  last  links  that 
bound  the  historic  past  to  the  eventful  and  changing  present. 

Capt.  Charles  Eton  Tatloe  was  born  in  what  is  now  Osceola  borough, 
Tioga  county,  August  9,  1840,  a  son  of  Col.  Philip  and  Sally  Taylor.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  town,  ajid  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  Union 
Academy.  He  commenced  his  business  life  as  a  clerk  in  a  general  store  at  Academy 
Oomers.  October  8,  1861,  he  entered  Company  L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
as  first  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  to  captain  November  1,  1862.  He  partici- 
pated with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  battles  of  Wolfton,  Cedar  Mountain, 
Second  Bull  Eun,  New  Baltimore,  Little  "Washington,  Berryville,  Occoquan,  Glou- 
cester Point,  Prying  Pan,  Gettysburg,  Culpepper,  Bristoe  Station,  Brentsville,  Bev- 
erly Ford,  Brandy  Station,  Mine  Eun,  Beaver  Dam,  Meadow  Bridge,  Hawe's  Shop, 
Trevillian  Station,  White  House  Landing,  St.  Mary's  Church,  Jerusalem  Plank 
Eoad,  Deep  Bottom,  Lee's  Mills  and  Beam's  Station,  where  he  received  a  gun-shot 
wound  in  the  right  hand,  August  23,  1864,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
November  5,  of  that  year.  Captain  Taylor  returned  to  Osceola,  and  in  1871  em- 
barked in  the  mercantile  business  in  that  borough,  which  he  continued  three  years. 
He  was  constable  of  Osceola  for  thirteen  years,  and  has  held  the  office  of  justice  of 
the  peace  since  1886.  On  February  17, 1870,  he  married  Stella  A.  Seely,  a  daughter 
of  Morgan  and  Harriet  (Beebe)  Seely,  of  Osceola.  In  politics.  Captain  Taylor  is  a 
stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  G.  A.  E.  , 

Samuel  Tubes,  Se.,  a  son  of  Lebbeus  and  Bathsheba  (Hamilton)  Tubbs,  was 
bom  in  Lyme,  Connecticut,  in  1755.  In  1773  he  came  with  his  parents  from  New 
London,  Connecticut,  to  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  at  "Wyoming.  August  26,  1776, 
he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Eobert  Durkee's  Independent  Company,  which  was  attached  to 
Col.  John  Durkee's  regiment  of  the  Connecticut  Line.  He  remained  in  the  service 
until  the  close  of  the  Eevolution,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Bound  Brook,  Mill 
Stone  Eiver,  Mud  Creek,  Brandywine  and  Germantown.  He  wintered  with  the 
army  at  Valley  Forge,  and  served  in  Sullivan's  Expedition  against  the  Indians  of  the 
Genesee  valley  in  1779.  His  father  and  the  other  members  of  the  family  were  in 
the  fort  at  "Wyoming  during  the  massacre,  but  escaped  unhurt.  His  command  was 
on  its  way  to  the  valley  at  the  time  and  stopped  the  night  before  at  Shoup's 
Tavern,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1787  he  removed  to  Newtown,  now 
Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  remained  until  March,  1811,  when  he  came  to  Tioga 
county  and  settled  at  Elkland,  on  a  tract  of  land  the  original  warrant  for  which  was 
issued  to  Dr.  Henry  Lattimer,  of  "Wilmington,  Delaware.  Here  he  remained  until 
his  death,  September  7,  1841.  Mr.  Tubbs  married  Sarah  Susannah  Dorrance, 
eldest  child  of  Lieut.  Col.  George  and  Mary  ("Wilson)  Dorrance.  Colonel  Dorrance 
was  killed  in  the  "Wyoming  Massacre.  Mrs.  Tubbs  was  born  in  1760,  and  died  Au- 
gust 16,  1838.  She  was  the  mother  of  eleven  children,  as  follows:  A  son  born  in 
1778,  who  died  in  childhood;  Eobert,  born  March  34, 1780,  married  Clara  Hoyt,  and 
died  August  9,  1865;  Cynthia,  bom  May  11,  1782,  married  Samuel  Jenkins,  and 


856  HISTOET    0¥    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


died  Maxch  6,  1860;  Betsey,  born  in  1786,  married  Jonathan  Jenkins,  and  died 
Maxch  28,  1817;  Polly,  born  September  15,  1789,  married  David  Hammond,  ajid 
died  January  21,  1867;  George,  born  in  1790,  and  died  in  1792;  Susannah,  bom 
January  10,  1794,  married  John  Eyon,  Jr.,  and  died  March  5,  1881;  Samuel,  born 
December  15,  1794,  married  Permelia  Taylor,  and  died  May  15,  1870;  Benjamin, 
bom  December  19,  1796,  maxried  Polly  Taylor,  and  died  August  19,  1873;  James, 
bom  in  January,  1800,  married  Sally  Coates,  and  died  November  20,  1823,  and 
Hannah,  bom  December  35,  1802,  married  Martin  Stevens,  and  died  May  24,  1850. 

Samuel  Tubes,  Jb.,  son  of  Samuel  Tubbs,  Sr.,  was  bom  at  Newtown,  New 
York,  December  15, 1794,  and  was  ia  his  seventeenth  year  when  his  parents  located 
at  Elkland.  In  1815  he  maxried  Permelia  Taylor,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Ebenezer  and* 
Polly  (Cook)  Taylor,  to  which  union  were  bom  six  children,  viz:  Polly,  who  mar- 
ried Benson  Tubbs;  James,  of  Osceola;  Clara,  who  lives  with  her  youngest  brother, 
George;  Sally,  who  married  Lyman  P.  Hoyt;  Philip,  whose  first  wife  was  Sarepta 
Crandall,  and  second  wife,  Betsey  Spencer,  and  George,  who  married  Jane  Campbell. 
Mr.  Tubbs  lived  nearly  all  his  life  in  Osceola.  In  1840  he  built  the  house  now  oc- 
cupied by  Morgan  Seely,  and  died  at  the  home  of  his  son,  George;  May  15, 1870.  His 
wife  died  on  July  21,  1851. 

James  Tubes,  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Tubbs,  Jr.,  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga 
county,  February  12,  1818,  there  grew  to  maturity,  and  made  farming  his  principal 
vocation.  In  early  manhood  he  taught  school  in  Elkland  and  other  places  in  the 
Cowanesque  valley.  He  was  married  May  9, 1841,  to  Anna  Gleason,  bom  December 
19,  1819,  a  daughter  of  Paul  and  Judith  (Warren)  Gleason,  to  .which  union  were 
bom  two  children,  viz:  Charles  and  Henry,  both  residents  of  Osceola.  Mrs.  Tubbs 
died  April  29,  1879,  and  her  husband  makes  his  home  with  his  son,  Charles.  He 
was  a  captain  of  militia  from  1841  to  1850,  a  school  director  for  thirty  years,  a 
supervisor  for  fifteen  years,  and  has  also  served  as  burgess  of  Osceola.  In  politics, 
he  is  a  Eepublican. 

George  Tubes  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  12, 
1829,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Permelia  (Taylor)  Tubbs.  With  the  exception  of 
three  years  that  he  lived  in  Elkland,  he  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  town- 
ship. He  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
farming,  having  assisted  in  clearing  several  farms,  including  a  part  of  the  old  home- 
stead. On  April  10,  1852,  he  married  Jane  Campbell,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Anna  (Clinch)  Campbell,  of  Nelson  township,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Prank, 
Ann,  wife  of  0.  A.  Van  Dusen,  and  Minnie,  wife  of  W.  H.  Clark.  Mr.  Tubbs  is  a 
stanch  Eepublican,  and  has  held  various  local  ofiBees,  such  as  supervisor  and  col- 
lector, and  has  been  a  school  director  of  Osceola  ten  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  and  progress  of  that 
society. 

John  Tubbs,  son  of  Eobert  and  Clara  (Hoyt)  Tubbs,  was  bom  and  reared  in 
Osceola,  Tioga  county.  He  cleared  a,  farm  of  150  acres,  now  owned  by  his  son,  Ed- 
ward E.,  and  was  also  extensively  engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  His  wife, 
Eebecca,  was  a  daughter  of  James  and  Nancy  (Eobb)  Atherton,  of  Elkland,  and 
bore  him  two  children,  Edward  E.,  and  Lizzie  A.,  wife  of  Eussell  Wentworth.  Mr. 
Tubbs  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  chui-ch,  also  of  the  Masonic  order,  and 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  §57 


in  politics,  a  KepuUican.  He  died  January  9,  1893.  His  wife  died  June  3,  1873, 
at  the  age  of  thirty-seven  years. 

Edwakd  E.  Tubes,  only  son  of  John  and  Eebecca  Tubbs,  was  born  in  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  July  19,  1857,  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  township  in  boy- 
hood, and  later  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield.  He  has  always  been  a 
resident  of  Osceola,  and  is  engaged  in  farming  and  in  buying  and  shipping  live 
stock  for  the  New  York  markets.  Mr.  Tubbs  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife  was  Mrs.  Delia  6.  Pratt,  a  daughter  of  Philip  Fridley,  of  Seneca  county.  New 
York,  who  bore  him  one  son,  John  E.  His  second  wife  was  Alice  Perry,  a  daughter 
of  Albert  and  Fannie  (Coykendall)  Perry,  of  Steuben  county.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Tubbs  is  a  EepubHcan,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 

Nathaniel  Seelt  was  a  native  of  Southport,  Chemung  county.  New  York, 
bom  November  30,  1788,  a  son  of  Nathaniel  Seely,  Sr.  He  settled  in  what  is  now 
Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  up  to 
1830,  also  kept  an  inn  for  the  accommodation  of  travelers,  and  for  twenty  years  was 
a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  was  married  February  16, 1809,  to  Lucy  Kelsey,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Abner  and  Ann  (Eaton)  Kelsey,  who  became  the  mother  of  thirteen  children, 
only  seven  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Jonas  B.,  George  G.,  Morgan,  Henry, 
Jane  E.,  who  married  Eussell  Crandall;  Ann  K.,  who  married  A.  W.  Lugg,  and  Allen. 
Mrs.  Seely  was  bom  August  31,  1791.  Both  she  and  her  husband  were  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Osceola,  October  15, 
1866.     His  wife  survived  him  until  September  15,  1873. 

MoKGAN  Seelt,  banker,  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county.  May  15,  1816,  and 
is  a  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Lucy  Seely.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native 
town,  and  completed  his  education  at  Wellsboro  Academy.  He  commenced  his  bus- 
iness career  as  a  clerk  in  the  store  of  the  late  Joel  Parkhurst,  of  Elkland,  with  whom 
he  remained  several  years.  In  1845  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Elkland,  where  he  carried  on  merchandising  one  year.  He  subsequently  conducted 
the  same  line  of  business  at  Nelson  and  Osceola,  his  mercantile  career  extending  over 
a  period  of  thirty  years.  In  1869,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Seely,  Coates  &  Com- 
pany, he  established  a  bank  at  Knoxville,  which  existed  for  eight  years.  In  1877 
he  founded  a  bank  at  Osceola,  which  he  has  carried  on  successfully  up  to  the 
present.  In  1885,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Tucker  &  Seely,  he  established  the 
Farmers'  and  Traders'  Bank,  of  Westfield.  This  partnership  existed  until  November, 
1892,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Frank  J.  Mr.  Seely  was  married  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1847,  to  Harriet  Beebe,  a  daughter  of  Anson  and  'Lucy  (Lincoln)  Beebe,  of 
Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  and  is  the  father  of  four  children,  viz:  Mrs.  Stella 
A.  Taylor,  Ida  V.,  deceased  wife  of  Dr.  C.  H.  Bosworth;  Frank  J.,  and  Ed.  M. 
Politically,  Mr.  Seely  is  a  EepubHcan,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church. 

Peank  J.  Seelt  was  bom.  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  November  14, 1854,  and  is 
the  third  child  and  eldest  son  of  Morgan  Seely.  He  was  reared  in  Osceola,  and  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and  Wellsboro  High 
School.  In  1875  he  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Nelson,  where  he  continued  in 
business  until  1884.  He  then  entered  the  banking  house  of  his  father,  at  Osceola, 
and  filled  the  ofl&ce  of  cashier  until  November,  1893,  when  he  removed  to  Westfield 


858  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


to  accept  the  same  position  in  the  Farmers'  and  Traders'  Bank^  succeeding  his 
father  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Tucker  &  Seely.  He  is  also  a  member  of  C.  W. 
Morgan  &  Company,  wholesale  dealers  in  hay,  grain,  etc.,  established  at  Osceola  in 
1889,  to  which  place  he  returned  in  the  spring  of  1897.  On  October  30,  1880,  he 
married  Maria  Augusta  Phelps,  a  daughter  of  Volcut  C.  and  Diantha  (Smith) 
Phelps,  of  Osceola,  and  has  two  children,  Gertrude  and  Sara.  Mr.  Seely  is  an  ardent 
Eepublican,  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  is  connected  with  the  P.  & 
A.  M.,  and  K.  &  L.  of  H. 

Ed.  M.  Seely,  youngest  son  of  Morgan  Seely,  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga 
county.  May  15,  1861.  He  obtained  his  education  at  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  and  received  a  preliminary  banking  training  in 
New  York,  and  in  1880  entered  his  father's  bank  in  Osceola.  He  was  cashier  of  that 
institution  from  1882  to  1885.  November  1,  1885,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Farmers'  and  Traders'  Bank,  of  "Westfield,  of  which  he  was  cashier  until  November, 
1892,  when  he  returned  to  Osceola  and  resumed  his  old  position  as  cashier  of  his 
father's  bank,  which  he  still  retains.  Mr.  Seely  was  married  July  4,  1893,  to 
Kittie  M.  Strawn,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Ann  (Curran)  Strawn,  of  Chatham 
township.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics,  he 
is  a  Eepublican. 

Andeew  Bosaed,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  born  on  the  old  Bosard  homestead,  in  Monroe  county,  Pennsylvania, 
February  14, 1780.  His  grandfather,  Johan  Philip  Bossert,  immigrated  from  Alsace, 
Germany,  in  1729  and  settled  at  Bossardsville,  Monroe  county,  immediately  below 
the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  in  1745,  where  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land  from  the 
sons  of  William  Penn.  Andrew  there  gxew  to  manhood,  and  learned  the  trade  of 
cabinet-making.  On  February  32,  1804,  he  married  Nancy  Hammond,  a  sister  of 
the  late  John  Hammond,  of  Elkland,  and  settled  upon  a  farm  about  two  miles  from 
Bossardsville,  where  he  remained  until  1809,  when  he  removed  to  Chemung  county. 
New  York,  locating  near  Elmira.  In  1813  he  came  to  the  Cowanesque  valley  and 
settled  on  the  Bosard  homestead,  in  Osceola,  where  he  practiced  the  arts  of  hus- 
bandry for  many  years.  In  1814,  during  the  War  of  1812,  he  enlisted  in  the  army, 
but  was  never  mustered  into  actual  service.  He  died  in  Osceola  on  August  30, 
1858.  His  wife,  Nancy  Hammond,  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  April  4, 
1784,  and  died  in  Osceola  on  November  24,  1839.  Their  children  were  as  follows: 
James  Huntington,  Alvers,  Emma,  Maria,  Arthur  F.,  Andrew  Keller,  Melchior  De 
Pui,  Nancy  and  Peter.  Alvers  Bosard  succeeded  to  the  homestead,  and  his  widow 
and  daughter  now  occupy  the  same.  James  Huntington,  Emma  and  Nancy  died 
in  1834,  1831  and  1836,  respectively.  Maria  married  Henry  C.  Bosworth,  in  1843 
and  lived  for  some  lime  at  Smithfield,  Pennsylvania,  bub  removed  to  Osceola  about 
1853,  and  resided  there  until  her  death,  in  1870. 

Andeew  Kellee  Bosaed  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  December  27 
1819,  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Nancy  Bosard.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  TV  ellsboro  Academy,  which  he  attended  for  a  short  time.  He  leamed  the 
trades  of  a  cabinet-maker  and  carpenter,  aud  also  taught  school  four  or  five  years 
m  early  manhood,  subsequently  devoting  his  attention  to  working  on  his  farm  and 
at  his  trade.     In  October,  1843,  he  married  Hetty  CiUy,  a  daughter  of  John  and 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  859 


Marcia  (Goodwin)  Cilly,  of  Osceola.  His  wife  died  November  23,  1865,  and  in  1867 
he  married  Anne  Sherman.  He  resided  at  Osceola  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
March  12, 1877.  His  second  wife  survived  imtil  1882.  Mr.  Bosard  reared  a  family 
of  ten  children,  seven  by  his  first  wife  and  three  by  his  second,  as  follows:  James 
Huntington,  bom  in  1845,  a  lawyer  of  Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota;  George  Leroy, 
bom  in  1847,  a  carpenter  and  farmer,  who  married  Mary  Beagle,  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Cornelius  Beagle,  of  Elkland,  and  died  in  1878;  Jerome  Leon,  bom  in  1849,  a 
carpenter  residing  in  Nelson;  Florence  Hortense,  bom  in  1851,  who  married  WilUs 
K.  Bierly,  of  Williamsport,  in  1872,  and  died  in  that  city  in  1873;  Sara  Louise, 
bom  in  1853,  who  married  Willis  E.  Bierly,  in  1874,  and  resides  at  Grand  Forks, 
North  Dakota,  where  her  husband  is  a  newspaper  man;  Willie  Bums,  who  married 
Carrie  Fical,  in  1878,  and  in  1880  removed  to  North  Dakota,  and  now  resides  at 
Emerado;  Maria,  bom  in  1859,  wife  of  Herbert  B.  Mitchell,  of  Eock  Island,  Illinois, 
a  son  of  Judge  John  I.  Mitchell,  of  Wellsboro;  Emma,  born  in  1867,  wife  of  J.  B. 
Eedfield,  of  Farmington;  Stella  M.,  bom  in  1869,  wife  of  Fred  Allison,  of  Mills, 
Potter  county,  and  Lizzie,  born  in  1874,  wife  of  Jesse  0.  Treat.  In  the  days  of  the 
State  Militia,  before  the  war,  Mr.  Bosard  was  colonel  of  his  regiment,  and  was  active 
on  muster  days  at  military  encampments.  During  the  Eebellion  he  was  employed 
by  the  township  as  recruiting  agent,  and  represented  Osceola  at  Williamsport,  Har- 
risburg  and  Carlisle.  In  polities,  he  was  first  a  Whig  of  the  Henry  Clay  school,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  to  join  the  ranks  of  the  Eepublican  party  at  its  organization. 
True  to  the  instinct  and  teaching  of  his  mother,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  lived  and  died  in  that  faith.  He  was  also  connected  with  the 
I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  in  which  societies  he  always  manifested  a  deep 
interest. 

Stennett  Ceandall  was  bom  in  Ehode  Island,  November  1,  1767,  resided  in 
Madison  county.  New  York,  for  many  years,  whence  he  removed  to  what  is  now 
Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1823,  settling  on  the  farm  originally  occu- 
pied by  David  Jay.  He  engaged  in  farming,  and  also  worked  at  the  shoemaker's 
trade,  having  his  shop  in  his  dwelling  house.  His  wife,  Caty  Greenman,  bom  June 
10, 1773,  bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Silas,  Joel,  Ehoda,  who'  married 
Stephen  Card;  Tmman,  Jairas,  Bamey,  Stanton,  William,  Henry,  Eussell,  and  one 
that  died  in  infaacy.  Mrs.  Crandall  died  August  17,  1837,  and  her  husband  No- 
vember 13,  1853. 

Eussell  Chandall  was  bom  in  Cazenovia,  Madison  county.  New  York,  Au- 
gust 9,  1817,  and  is  the  youngest  son  of  Stennett  Crandall.  He  was  about  six  years 
old  when  his  parents  located  at  Osceola,  where  he  attended  the  pioneer  schools  of 
the  neighborhood,  obtaining  but  a  limited  education.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
commenced  life  for  himself,  as  a  farm  hand,  working  in  that  capacity  eight  years. 
In  1841  he  engaged  iif  general  merchandising  at  Osceola,  which  he  followed  suc- 
cessfully up  to  1890,  a  period  of  nearly  fifty  years,  when  he  retired.  Mr.  Crandall 
was  twice  man-ied.  His  first  marriage  occurred  March  12,  1844,  to  Jane  Seely,  a 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Lucy  (Kelsey)  Seely,  pioneers  of  Osceola.  Of  the  f  Jur 
children  bom  to  this  union,  three  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Francis  M.,  deceased; 
Vine  and  Albert;  S.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Julia  Scott,  nee  Carr,  of  Milesburg 
Pennsylvania.     Mr.  Crandall  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Osceola,  with  which  bor- 


860  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

oiigh  he  has  been  prominently  connected  for  more  than  half  a  century.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  establishing  the  Osceola  High  School,  in  1860,  served  as  a  school 
director  for  twenty-five  years,  and  was  treasurer  for  nearly  as  long.  In  politics,  he 
is  a  Republican. 

Fhancis  Marion  Cbandall,  eldest  son  of  Russell  and  Jane  Crandall,  was  a 
native  of  Osceola,  where  he  followed  the  mercantile  business  from  1868  until  1880, 
when  he  removed  to^  Grand  Forks,  Forth  Dakota.  He  there  continued  merchandis- 
ing until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1881.  His  wife  was  Orcelia  C,  a  daughter  of 
Charles  and  Maria  (Eng)  Toles,  of  Tioga  county,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Charles  L. 
During  Lee's  invasion,  in  1863,  he  served  three  months  with  the  Emergency  Men. 
In  politics,  he  was  a  Republican,  and  was  connected  with  the  Masonic  order. 

Vine  Ceandall,  second  son  of  Russell  and  Jane  Crandall,  was  born  at 
Osceola,  Tioga  countj',  SeptenAer  17,  1846,  and  obtained  a  good  education  in  the 
Osceola  High  School.  In  1866  he  entered  the  general  mercantile  business  with 
Philetus  Crandall,  under  the  firm  name  of  P.  Crandall  &  Company,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1869.  He  then  located  at  Knoxville,  where,  as  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Seely,  Coates  &  Company,  he  was  engaged  in  the  banking  business  a  number  of 
years.  In  1878  he  returned  to  Osceola,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to 
lumbering.  Mr.  Crandall  was  married  December  15,  1869,  to  Sarah  A.  Kinney,  a 
daughter  of  Rev.  Chester  D.  and  Eliza  (jSTorthrup)  Kinney,  of  Osceola,  and  has  one 
son,  Henry  K.,  bom  April  15,  1879.  In  politics,  Mr.  Crandall  is  a  Republican,  is  a 
member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  a  trustee  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  progressive  and  enterprising  citizens  of  Osceola. 

Thuman  Ceandall,  third  son  of  Stennett  Crandall,  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
county.  New  York,  February  5,  1796,  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Osceola  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1822,  taking  up  130  acres  of  land,  which  he  cleared 
aad  improved.  In  1850,  he  embarked  in  the  general  mercantile  business  at  Osceola, 
in  which  he  was  engaged  for  many  years.  He  married  Nancy  Card,  a  daughter  of 
Judge  Card,  of  Madison  county.  New  York.  She  died  November  12,  1863.  To 
this  union  were  bom  seven  children,  named  as  follows:  Philetus,  Saropta,  who 
married  Philip  Tubbs;  Lydia,  who  married  Henry  Seely;  Silas  G.,  Phoebe,  Charles 
and  Rebecca.     Mr.  Crandall  died  March  23,  1882,  in  his  eighty-seventh  year. 

Silas  G.  Ceandall,  son  of  Truman  and  Nancy  Crandall,  was  bom  in  what 
is  now  Osceola  township,  Tioga  county.  May  12,  1827,  was  reared  upon  the  old 
homestead,  and  obtained  a  limited  education  in  the  public  schools.  He  followed 
farming  until  1850,  and  then  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Osceola  with 
his  father  aad  brother,  under  the  firm  name  of  P.  Crandall  &  Brother.  He  also 
built,  in  connection  with  others,  a  tannery  at  Osceola,  which  he  operated  for  several 
years.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Nelson,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  up  to  1883. 
In  that  year  he  located  at  Kno.xville,  which  has  since  been  his  home,  where  he  con- 
ducted the  hardware  business  for  a  number  of  years.  Mr.  Crandall  was  married 
January  24,  1858,  to  Mary  Weeks,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Lovina  (Taylor) 
Weeks,  of  Osceola  township,  and  has  two  children:  Eva  G.,  wife  of  James  C  Good- 
speed,  and  Lettie,  wife  of  George  W.  Bottum.  In  politics,  Mr.  Crandall  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  is  a  member  of  the  E.  A.  U. 

James  Woeks,  a  native  of  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  settled  in  what  is  now 


BIOGKAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  861 


Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813.  In  1814  he  removed  to  what  is 
known  as  the  Ouderldrk  farm,  in  Farmington  township,  and  thence  to  Troupsburg, 
New  York,  where  he  died  and  was  buried.  His  first  wife  was  Eachel  Cass,  of  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  James  F.,  Matilda,  who  married 
Hosea  Aldrich;  Loncy,  who  married  George  Champlin;  Sally,  who  married  a  Mr. 
Clark;  Jane,  who  married  a  Mr.  Brooks,  and  Asa.  His  second  wife  was  a  Miss 
Whitaker,  to  which  union  was  bom  one  son,  Leonidas. 

James  F.  "Wokks  was  bom  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  February  13,  1808,  and 
removed  with  his  parents,  James  and  Eachel  Works,  to  Tioga  county  when  about 
five  years  old.  He  was  reared  by  the  Bulkl'ey  family,  of  Osceola,  vri.th  whom  he 
lived  twenty-eight  years,  and  obtained  a  limited  common  school  education.  In 
1841  he  purchased  seventy-five  acres  of  land  on  Holden  creek,  in  Osceola  township, 
upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death,  which  occurred  December  33,  1894,  in  his 
eighty-seventh  year.  His  wife,  Jane,  was  a  daughter  of  Selas  and  Elizabeth  (Horton) 
Taylor,  of  Osceola,  and  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Esther  M.,  wife  of  A.  L.  Brant; 
Benjamin,  deceased,  and  Justus  M.  E.  Mr.  Works  was  of  a  retiring  disposition, 
temperate  in  all'things,  and  was  one  of  the  last  of  the  original  settlers  in  this  section 
of  the  county  to  pass  to  the  great  beyond.  In  politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat, 
but  never  took  any  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 

Justus  M.  E.  Woeks,  son  of  James  F.  and  Jane  Works,  was  bom  in  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  August  13,  1860.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  Woodhull  Academy,  and  has  made  farming  his  vocation,  having  spent  his  en- 
tire life  upon  the  old  homestead,  where  he  was  born  and  reared.  In  politics,  he  is 
a  Democrat,  has  held  various  local  oifices  in  Osceola  borough,  and  is  at  present  a 
school  director. 

John  Hazlett,  Se.,  son  of  Eobert  Hazlett,  was  bom  in  the  North  of  Ireland, 
and  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1810.  The  same  year  he  settled  in  Nelson 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  his  descendants,  upon  which  he  died.  On  April  11,  1811,  he  mar- 
ried Jane  Campbell,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Campbell,  of  Nelson  township,  and  their 
children  were  as  follows:  Eachel,  who  married  James  Cook;  Mary,  who  married 
John  FHnt;  Samuel,  who  married  Catherine  Knapp;  Archibald,  Jane,  John,  Eliza 
Ann,  who  married  William  Merritt;  Sally  J.,  who  married  Charles  Horsley,  and 
Maria,  wife  of  Washington  Eichardson. 

John  Hazlett,  son  of  John  and  Jane  Hazlett,  was  bom  on  the  home&tead 
farm  in  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  and  spent  his  entire  life  there,  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  married  March  35, 1855,  to  Lucy  Dunham,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Nancy  (Brown)  Dunham,  of  Farmington  township.  Six  children  were 
bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Frank  E.,  Nancy,  wife  of  William  Pepper;  Edward, 
Ella,  deceased;  Fannie,  wife  of  William  Monroe,  and  Herbert.  Mr.  Hazlett  died 
March  15,  1893.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Ee- 
publican  party. 

Feank  E.  Hazlett  was  born  in  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  April  3,  1856, 
and  is  the  eldest  son  of  John  and  Lucy  Hazldtt.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
township,  and  completed  his  education  in  the  Coming  High  School.  He  began  his 
business  career  as  a  clerk  in  the  largest  grocery  house  in  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  f  ol- 


362  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


lowed  that  occupation  five  years.  He  was  subsequently  in  the  employ  of  the  Fall 
Brook  Eailroad  Company  at  Academy  Corners  for  eleven  months.  In  1885  he 
embarked  in  general  merchandising  at  Osceola,  which  business  he  has  since 
continued,  and  by  judicious  management  and  strict  attention  to  the  details  of  his 
business  he  has  built  up  one  of  the  largest  trades  in  the  Cowanesque  valley,  though 
he  conducts  his  establishment  on  a  strictly  cash  basis.  In  1894  he  built  a  store  in 
Elmira  Heights  which  is  conducted  by  Hazlett,  Monroe  &  Company.  On  December 
23,  1888,  Mr.  Hazlett  married  Eula  M.  Taylor,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  Taylor,  of 
Osceola,  and  has  three  children:  Clinton  E.,  John  H.  and  E.  Blaine.  Politically, 
he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  now  serving  as  a  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  K.  of  H.,  the  K.  &  L. 
of  H.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

Henky  C.  Boswokth,  M.  D.,  was  bom  in  Vernon,  New  York,  March  8,  1811, 
and  was  a  son  of  Reed  and  Amarilla  (Peck)  Bosworth.  He  was  reared  in  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1837  was  graduated  from  Geneva  Medical'  College,  New 
York.  For  thirteen  years  he  practiced  his  profession  at  Smithfield,  Bradford  county. 
In  1850  he  removed  to  Deerfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  for  two 
years,  and  also  in  general  merchandising  at  Academy  Comers.  In  1853  he  re- 
moved to  Osceola,  where  he  continued  the  mercantile,  business  up  to  his  death, 
December  5,  1870.  His  wife,  Maria,  was  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Nancy  (Ham- 
mond) Bosard,  pioneers  of  Osceola,  and  bore  him  three  children:  Edward  E..  Ur- 
bane A.  and  Charles  H.  Dr.  Bosworth  was  a  man  of  genial  disposition  and  pos- 
sessed hosts  of  friends.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  poli- 
tics, a  Republican,  he  served  as  postmaster  of  Osceola  from.  1861  to  his  death. 

Chahles  H.  Boswoeth,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  November  22,  1851,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Dr.  Henry  C. 
and  Maria  Bosworth.  He  was  educated  at  Union  and  Woodhull  Academies,  com- 
menced reading  medicine  in  1879,  and  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1881.  From  1870  to  1890,  he  was  engaged 
in  general  merchandising  at  Osceola,  and  was  postmaster  of  that  borough  from  1879 
to  1886.  He  began  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  at  Osceola  in  1890,  to 
which  he  has  since  devoted  his  whole  attention.  Dr.  Bosworth  was  married  Sep- 
tember 2,  1872,  to  Ida  V.  Seely,  a  daughter  of  Morgan  and  Harriet  (Beebe)  Seely, 
of  Osceola,  and  has  two  children:  Ford  E.  and  Reed  S.  Mrs.  Bosworth  died  April 
14,  1896.  In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Republican,  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Peop.  Isaac  Gunn  Hoyt  was  born  in  Kingston,  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylva- 
nia, July  23,  1826,  a  son  of  Levi  and  Sarah  (Gunn)  Hoyt.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Daniel  Hoyt,  a  son  of  Comfort  and  Anna  (Beach)  Hoyt,  of  Danbury,  Con- 
necticut, settled  in  Kingston,  Pennsylvania,  in  1795.  His  maternal  grandfather, 
Abel  Gunn,  was  a  direct  descendant  of  one  of  the  Scottish  chiefs,  who  was  head  of 
a  claa  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  He  came  to  America  prior  to  the  Revolution, 
and  served  in  that  war  as  a  member  of  Washington's  body-guard.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  educated  at  the  Kingston  graded  schools,  Wyommg  Seminary  and 
Poughkeepsie  Seminary,  and  studied  music  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania, 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  and  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music,  Boston, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  ggg 


Massachusetts.  Tor  several  seasons  he  attended  the  annual  sessions  of  the  New 
England  Institutes  of  music,  thus  availing  himself  of  the  advantages  to  be  obtained 
by  these  courses  under  the  best  musical  directors.  He  devoted  his  life  to  the  musical 
profeesion,  and  to  the  cultivation  of  music  as  an  art.  His  method  of  teaching  was 
the  same  as  that  used  by  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music,  obtained  from  L. 
Franklin  Snow,  secretary  of  the  Conservatory,  and  consisted  of  studies  from  Bach, 
Moschelles,  Kohler,  Beethoven  and  others  of  the  old  masters.  In  1853 
Professor  Hoyt  located  at  Osceola  and  entered  upon  his  life-work  as 
a  musical  instructor.  He  taught  here  one  year,  and  in  1854,  at 
Ithaca,  New  York.  From  1856  to  1859  he  was  musical  instructor  at 
Osceola  and  Union  Academy;  from  1859  to  1861  at  Greensboro  Synodi- 
cal  Female  College,  Atlanta,  Georgia;  from  1861  to  1865  in  the  Osceola  High 
School,  and  from  1866  to  1871  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield.  In  18,73  he 
opened  the  Osceola  School  of  Musical  Instruction,  which  he  conducted  successfully 
four  yeaJB.  In  1884  he  was  again  called  to  take  charge  of  the  Musical  Department 
of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  which  position  he  filled  until  1887.  He 
resigned  and  returned  to  Osceola,  where  he  was  engaged  in  giving  musical  instruction 
and  dealing  in  musical  instruments  up  to  his  death,  November  12,  1895.  In  1859 
Professor  Hoyt  married  Charlotte  E.  Taylor,  a  daughter  of  Philip  and  Sally  Taylor, 
of  Osceola.  They  reared  an  adopted  daughter,  Leah  Louise.  Professor  Hoyt  was 
a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  was  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party  from  its 
organization. 

Stltanus  S.  Bakeb  was  bom  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  November  38, 
1813,  a  son  of  George  and  Susan  (Knapp)  Baiter.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  whence  he  removed  in  1844  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  a  year  later  settled  in  Westfield  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved 
a  farm,  upon  which  he  died  in  the  winter  of  1895.  In  May,  1834,  he  married  Sally 
Guiles,  a  daughter  of  Eay  and  Molly  (Hodge)  Guiles,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York. 
Nine  children  were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Leroy,  M0II3',  who  married  Anderson 
Burdick;  George,  Susan,  who  married  Samuel  Pierce;  Aaron  E.,  Lester,  Arsula,  who 
married  Albert  Gament;  Annie,  wife  of  Dana  Learn,  and  Allen.  Mr.  Baker  was  a 
member  of  the  Westfield  Methodist  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican.  Mrs. 
Baker  was  an  able  and  willing  helper,  beaxing  cheerfully  a  large  part  in  providing 
for  her  family.     She  was  one  of  whom  those  who  knew  her  could  say  only  good. 

Aaeon  E.  Bakek,  son  of  Sylvanus  S.  Baker,  was  born  in  Chatham  township, 
Tioga  county.  May  25,  1844,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  in  Westfield  township. 
In  1867  he  located  on  his  present  farm  situated  on  the  line  of  Osceola  and  Farming- 
ton  townships,  and  lived  on  the  Farmington  side  up  to  1884,  when  he  moved  to  his 
new  residence  in  Osceola.  Mr.  Baker  was  married  December  35,  1866,  to  Ann 
Casbeer,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  and  Susan  (House)  Casbeer,  who  were  among  the 
pioneers  of  Farmington  township.  Of  the  five  children  born  to  this  union,  four  are 
living,  viz:  Eobert  C,  Eaymond  E.,  Victor  H.,  and  S.  Lelia.  Mr.  Baker  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school,  also  a  class  leader.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

EoBEBT  Casbeee  Bakeb,  eldest  son  of  Aaron  E.  Baker,  was  bom  in  Farming- 


gg4  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


ton  township,  Tioga  county,  August  30,  1868,  was  reared  beneath  the  parental  roof, 
and  obtained  his  education  in  the  Osceola  public  schools.  With  the  exception  of 
four  years  that  he  clerked  in  a  general  store  at  Osceola,  farming  has  been  his  occu- 
pation, and  he  has  lived  on  his  present  farm  since  the  fall  of  1888.  Mr.  Baker  was 
married  to  Phoebe  Trances  Bulkley,  a  daughter  of  George  Newton  and  HannaJi 
Eudora  (Brader)  Bulkley,  September  11,  1888.  Mrs.  Baker  is  a  grand-daughter  of 
Newton  and  Phoebe  Ann  (Barker)  Bulkley,  and  great-grand-daughter  of  Israel  Bulk- 
ley,  who  settled  in  what  is  now  Osceola  in  the  year  1800.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baker  have 
two  children  living.  Prances  Edna  and  Anna  C.  They  reside  upon  the  old  Newton 
Bulkley  homestead.  Mr.  Baker  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
while  his  wife  is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  faith.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Ke- 
publican. 

Gayloed  G.  Colvin  was  born  in  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  and  was  a  son 
of  Joshua  Colvin,  and  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Colvin,  pioneers  of  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  Joshua  Colvin  improved  upwards  of  300  acres  of 
land  near  Academy  Corners,  in  which  work  he  was  assisted  by  our  subject.  The 
Colvins  were  of  Ehode  Island  Quaker  stock.  Joseph  was  a  son  of  Joseph,  a  grandson 
of  Thomas,  a  great-grandson  of  Samuel,  and  a  great-great-grandson  of  John  Colvin, 
the  first  of  the  family  to  settle  in  America.  The  children  of  Joseph  and  Euth 
Colvin,  the  pioneers  of  Deerfield,  were  as  follows:  Wealthy,  who  married  Nehe- 
miah  Eobinson;  Joseph,  Betsey,  who  married  Daniel  Cummings;  Lydia,  who  married 
Jonathan  Matteson;  Joshua,  Christopher  and  Thomas.  Of  these  Joshua  and  Chris- 
topher were  the  father  and  father-in-law,  respectively  of  our  subject.  Gaylord  G. 
Colvin  came  with  his  parents  to  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  and  was  suc- 
cessively a  farmer  and  merchant.  In  later  life  he  removed  to  Osceola,  where  he 
died  May  8,  1883,  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years.  His  wife,  Euth,  was  a  daughter 
of  Christopher  and  Elizabeth  (Hills)  Colvin,  of  Herkimer  county.  New  York.  She 
became  the  mother  of  seventeen  children,  only  three  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz: 
Benjamin  P.,  Daniel  C,  and  Mary  C,  wife  of  Charles  L.  Hoyt. 

Benjamin  P.  Colvin  was  born  in  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  January  10, 
1836,  a  son  of  Gaylord  G.  and  Euth  Colvin.  From  the  age  of  seven  years,  he  was 
reared  in  Spring  Mills,  New  York.  In  1848  he  removed  to  Bingham,  Potter  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  lived  until  1871.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  1883,  when  he  retired  from 
active  business.  On  January  31,  1862,  Mr.  Colvin  enlisted  in  Company  K,  One 
Hundred  and  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  In  May  following  he  was  in- 
jured in  a  railroad  wreck,  between  Harper's  Ferry  and  Winchester,  Virginia,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  January  31,  1865.  In  October,  1865, 
he  married  Jennie  Crissman,  of  Blairsville,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Colvin  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  Masonic  order  and 
the  G.  A.  E.  In  politics,  he  is  an  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the  Prohibition 
party. 

John  Beown  was  bom  in  Sweden,  January  2,  1847,  a  son  of  Johannes  and 
Kate  (Andrus)  Brown.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  country,  there  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1869.  He  re- 
mained in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  eight  months,  coming  to  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county, 


BIOGHAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  865 


Pennsylvania^  in  1870,  where  he  found  employment  in  the  mines  five  yeao-s.  In 
1875  he  removed  to  Elkland,  entering  the  employ  of  Joel  Parkhurst,  and  in  1876  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  business  he  has  since  continued.  He  lived  in  Elkland  up  to 
April  1,  1894,  when  he  removed  to  Osceola,  which  was  his  home  until  the  spring  of 
1897  when  he  took  charge  of  one  of  the  Pattison  estate  faxms  in  Elkland.  During 
"his  former  residence  at  Elkland,  he  was  buyer  for  a  large  wholesale  tobacco  house  of 
New  York  City.  On  January  34,  1874,  he  was  married  in  Pall  Brook  to  Christina 
Hunson,  a  native  of  Sweden,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Anna,  Charlie  ajid  Emma. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Brown  is  a  Republican,  was  burgess  of  Elkland  three  terms,  school 
director  three  years  and  assistant  assessor  three  years. 

HoEACE  Eldkidge,  a  native  of  Saratoga  county.  New  York,  was  a  son  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Graham)  Eldridge,  natives  of  Vermont,  and  New  York 
states,  respectively,  who  settled  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1847.  Horace  assisted  his  father  in  clearing  a  farm,  and  in  1861  returned  to 
Saratoga  Springs,  New  York.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  P,  Ninety-fifth  New 
York  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Weldon  Railroad,  near  Culpepper, 
Virginia,  in  May,  1864.  His  wife,  Mary,  was  a  daughter  of  Sylvester  Hall,  of  Sara- 
toga, New  York,  and  bore  him  two  children:  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William  Baker,  of 
Woodhull,  New  York,  and  John  Edward,  of  Osceola,  Tioga  county. 

John  Edwakd  Eldkidge  was  born  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1849,  and  is  the  only  son  of  Horace  and  Maoj  Eldridge.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  township  and  at  Port  Edward  Jnsti' 
tute.  Fort  Edward,  New  York.  He  followed  clerking  in  a  general  store  for  two  years, 
and  from  1866  to  1880  clerked  in  various  hotels,  including  the  Marvin  House,  Sara- 
toga Springs,  New  York;  Sun  Hotel,  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  and  Prasier  House, 
Blmira,  New  York.  Since  1880  he  has  been  employed  in  the  Osceola  tannery,  and 
for  the  past  ten  years  has  held  the  important  position  of  superintendent  of  the 
liquor  department,  being  in  charge  of  the  liquid  used  in  tanning  leather.  Mr. 
Eldridge  was  married  October  4,  1874,  to  Mary  Gleason,  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Mary  Gleason,  of  Elmira,  New  York.  They  have  four  children,  viz:  George, 
Prances,  "Walter  and  Gertrude.  In  politics,  Mr.  Eldridge  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  H. 

Pbop.  Aetemtjs  Edwaeds  was  bom  at  Norwich,  Chenango  county.  New  York, 
October  31, 1843,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Sarah  A.  (Brookins)  Edwards.  He  was 
educated  at  Professor  Kenyon's  academy,  Troupsburg,  New  York,  and  Alfred  Uni- 
versity, Alfred,  New  York,  and  began  his  career  as  a  teacher  at  seventeen  years  of 
age.  He  taught  twenty  terms  in  the  common  schools  of  New  York  state.  On 
March  27,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  New  York 
Volunteers,  was  with  General  Banks  on  the  Red  River  Expedition,  and  took  part  in 
the  battles  of  Spanish  Port  and  Port  Blakely.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Tallahassee,  Plorida,  November  17,  1865,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  New  York, 
where  he  resumed  teaching.  In  1882  he  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  was  principal  of  the  graded  schools  six  years.  In  1888  he  be- 
came principal  of  the  Osceola  High  School,  a  position  he  filled  in  a  very  creditable 
manner  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  people  up  to  the  spring  of  1896.  In  the 
autumn  of  that  year  he  took  charge  of  the  schools  at  Potter  Brook,  which  position 

55 


ggg  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


he  Still  occupies.  On  March  14,  1867,  he  married  Maria  BroTO,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Sarah  (Bartles)  Brown,  of  Oxford,  New  York,  ajid  had  three  children 
by  this  union:  Fr^d  E.,  Edith  M.  and  PaulJ.  His  second  wife  was  May  Northrop, 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  G.  W.  and  W.  Ellen  (De  Wolf)  Northrop,  of  Bradford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  who  is  *he  mother  of  two  children:  George  A.  and  Ellen  M. 
Professor  Edwards  is  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church.     He  is  a  E.  A.  M.  in  the  Masonic  order,  and  is  also 

connected  with  the  G.  A.  R. 

Geoege  Eebek  was  bom  in  Locust  Valley,  Schuylkill  county,  PennsylYania, 
September  19, 1824,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Mary  (Knittle)  Eeber.  His  paternal 
grandfather,  George  Eeber,  was  a  native  of  Schuylkill  county,  where  he  kept  a 
hotel  for  many  years,  and  was  an  extensive  owner  of  coal  lands.  His  maternal 
grandfather,  Abraham  Knittle,  was  a  prominent  farmer  of  that  county.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Schuylkill  county,  and  received  a  meagre  common 
school  education.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  at  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  he 
completed  in  1851,  and  followed  that  vocation  upwards  of  thirty  years.  In  1885 
he  located  at  Academy  Comers,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  quarrying 
stone  for  three  years.  He  quarried  the  first  flag-stone  from  the  Ingham  quarry, 
near  Academy  Corners,  and  also  from  the  Westfield  quarry.  In  1888  he  located  at 
Osceola,  where  for  the  past  nine  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  quarrying  a  fine  grade 
of  flag-stone  from  a  quarry  which  he  leased  at  that  place.  Mr.  Eeber  has  been  twice 
married.  His  first  wife,  Mary  Jane  Cavenaugh,  was  a  daughter  of  James  and  Mary 
(Clark)  Cavanaugh,  of  Elmira,  New  York,  and  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  James, 
George,  Charles,  Ella  and  Wilson.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Eeed,  nee 
Fuller.  Mr.  Eeber  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics, 
a  Eepublican. 

Edwin  E.  Claek,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  WoodhuU,  Steuben 
county,  New  York,  May  15,  1866,  and  is  a  son  of  Eleazer  and  Julia  A.  (Johnson) 
Clark,  and  is  of  New  England  ancestry.  He  was  reared  in  New  York  state,  and  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Starkey  Seminary.  In  1889  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine,  and  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  Mai7land,  in  April,  1893.  In  May  of  that  year  he  located  at  Osceola, 
where  he  has  gradually  built  up  a  good  practice,  and  has  secured  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  community.  Dr.  Clark  was  married  October  17, 1894,  to  Bertha  May 
Duley,  a  daughter  of  John  G.  and  Alice  (Ives)  Duley,  of  Osceola.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  P.  &  A.  M.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Lewis  J.  Claek  was  bom  at  Scio,  Allegany  coimty.  New  York,  July  10,  1867, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Eussell)  Clark.  His  maternal  grand- 
parents, Hamilton  and  Sarah  (Van  Zile)  Eussell,  were  pioneers  of  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  grandfather  was  a  miller  and  merchant, 
and  died  in  that  place.  Lewis  J.  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  began  his 
business  life  clerking  in  a  general  store  at  Allentown,  New  York,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  one  year.  He  then  learned  telegraphy  and  was  an  operator  on  the  Brad- 
ford, Eldred  and  Cuba  railroad,  and  also  carried  on  a  variety  store  at  Allentown  f  our 
years.  For  a  short  time  he  was  employed  as  a  traveling  salesman,  and  for  two  yeai's 
was  a  band  leader  and  director  of  music  in  Allegany  county.  New  York,  and  Potter 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  §67 


county,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  spring  of  1895  he  opened  a  grocery  and  variety  store 
at  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  and  has  since  built  up  a  good  trade.  On  .February  30, 
1895,  he  married  Euth,  a  daughter  of  0.  B.  and  Mary  Van  Velzor,  of  "Wirt  Centre, 
Allegany  county.  New  York.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Populist,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  the  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.,  the  Knights  of  St.  John  and  Malta,  and  the  College 
of  Ancients. 

W.  Eensselaek  Colvin  was  born  in  WoodhuU,  Steuben  county,  New  York, 
May  39,  IS'^O,  a  son  of  DeLaneey  and  Mary  (Brooks)  Colvih.  He  was  educated  at 
"WoodhuU  Union  school,  where  he  graduated  in  1889.  Mr.  Colvin  began  life  as 
a  merchant,  which  he  continued  five  years,  and  subsequently  was  a  buyer  of  live 
stock  for  the  New  York  markets.  In.  the  fall  of  1894  he  embarked  in  the  hotel 
business  "at  Osceola,  where  he  has  since  conducted  one  of  the  best  hotels  in  Tioga 
county,  known  as  the  Osceola  Hotel.  On  December  34,  1890,  he  married  Cora 
"Wildrick,  a  daughter  of  "William  and  Susannah  (Tubbs)  "Wildrick,  of  "Woodhull, 
New  York,  who  died  November  15,  1896.  Mr.  Colvin  is  a  member  of  the  K.  0.  T. 
M..,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 


CHAPTEE  LXI. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 
Deeepield  Township  and  Knoxville  Borough— Westfield    Township  and 

BOEOUGH— BrOOKFIELD  TOWNSHIP. 


"William  Knox,  formerly  a  resident  of  the  Mohawk  valley,  New  York,  settled 
in  what  is  now  Deerfield  township,  Tiog'a  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1798,  on  the 
lands  now  owned  by  William  J.,  George  W.  and  John  "W.  Knox.  "With  the  assist- 
ance of  his  sons,  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  here,  upon  which  he  resided  until 
his  death.  His  wife  was  Margaret  Colton,  and  their  children  were  as  follows: 
John,  William,  Archibald,  James,  Colton,  Betsey,  who  married  Charles  Carpenter, 
and  Dolly,  who  married  -John  E.  "White.  Mr.  Knox  died  in  the  prime  of  life,  but 
left  numerous  descendants  to  perpetuate  his  name  and  revere  his  memory. 

James  Knox,  son  of  William  Knox,  was  the  first  white  male  child  bom  in  what 
is  now  Deerfield  toivnship,  Tioga  county,  his  birth  occurring  March  38,  1800.  He 
spent  his  whole  life  in  Deerfield,  was  an  extensive  land  owner  and  a  prominent 
farmer.  The  homestead  farm  is  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  sons,  Minzo  W.  and 
Aaron.  The  house  built  by  Mr.  Knox  in  1836,  is  now  the  home  of  the  former. 
He  married  Ann  Faulkner,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Faulkner,  of  Deerfield,  and  their 


868  HISTOHY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


children  are  as  follows:  Archibald  D.,  Franklin  W.,  Harriet,  wife  of  Peter  Bosard; 
Eleanor,  Angeline,  wife  of  John  Husted;  Aaron,  and  Minzo  W.  Mr.  Knox  died 
September  20,  1881,  in  his  eighty-second  year. 

Aechibald  D.  Knox,  eldest  son  of  James  Knox,  was  born  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  October  3,  1821,  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  and 
cleared  a  portion  of  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  Edward  L.,  as  well  as  that 
owned  by  his  son,  George  H.,  settling  on  the  latter  in  1852.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Abigail  Ann  Eushmore,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Millie 
Eushmore,  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Mary, 
wife  of  F.  V.  Balch.  His  second  wife  was  Julia  A.  White,  a  native  of  Erie  coimty, 
New  York,  and  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Horton)  AVhite.  Seven  chil- 
dren were  born  to  this  union,  five  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Abbie  C!,  wife  of 
E.  A.  Bean;  Helen  A.,  wife  of  Linden  Case;  Laura  M.,  wife  of  J.  C.  White;  Edward 
L.  and  George  H.  Mr.  Knox  died  Jime  25,  1892.  He  was  a  Eepublican,  in  poli- 
tics, was  superintendent  of  the  Tioga  county  poor  house  for  one  year,  and  was  a 
well-known,  representative  farmer. 

Edwaed  L.  Knox,  son  of  Archibald  D.  and  Julia  A.  (White)  Knox,  was  bom 
in  Deerfield  t-ownship,  Tioga  county,  July  4,  1855.  He  was  reared  in  this  county, 
and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  "Qnion  Academy.  Farming 
has  been  his  life  vocation,  and  since  1877,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  he  has 
lived  on  his  present  farm  in  Deerfield  township.  In  September,  1878,  he  married 
Mary  Vredenburg,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Malinda  (Leinaburg)  Vredenburg,  of 
Knoxville.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  union,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr. 
Knox  is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Geohge  H.  Knox,  son  of  Archibald  D.  and  Julia  A.  ("RTiite)  Knox,  was  born 
in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  April  8,  1860.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Williamsport  Commercial  College,  and  since  attaining  his  majority 
he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Knox  was  married  April 
25, 1883,  to  Carrie  A.  Everitt,  a  daughter  of  Noah  and  Catherine  (Winfield)  Everitt, 
of  Deerfield  township,  and  has  two  children,  C.  LaEue  and  Lulu  B.  In  politics,  he 
is  a  Eepublican,  has  served  two  terms  as  school  director,  and  three  terms  as  auditor 
of  the  township.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grange. 

Ebenezeh  Seelye  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  served  throughout  the  Eevo- 
lutionary  War  in  Sheldon's  Light  Horse,  a  Connecticut  company,  a  portion  of  the 
time  under  Washington.  He  was  married  in  Connecticut  to  Mehetabel  Todd,  and 
later  removed  with  lus  family  to  Lindley,  Steuben  coimty.  New  York,  where  he 
improved  a  large  tract  of  land.  In  March,  1799,  they  removed  from  New  York 
to  what  is  now  DeerBeld  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  imme- 
diately east  of  Academy  Corners.  Here  Mr.  Seelye  erected  a  saw-mill  in  1810,  one 
of  the  first  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  He  died  June  23,  1837,  in  the  eighty-second 
year  of  his  age.  His  wife  died  May  27, 1839,  in  her  eighty-third  year.  Their  children 
were  as  follows:  Mehetabel,  Anna,  Lucina,  Laura,  Julius,  Elanson,  Harvey  Eleazer 
and  Sally,  who  was  born  May  4,  1800— the  first  female  child  bom  in  Deerfield 
township-and  married  Prince  King.  Mr.  Seelye  was  a  Quaker  in  religion,  an 
upnght  man,  and  a  good  neighbor  and  citizen.  Many  of  his  descendants  are  among 
the  leading  people  of  Tioga  county. 


BI06HAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Elanson  Seelte  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  married  Mercy  Howland,  a 
native  of  Ehode  Island,  and  one  of  the  early  teachers  of  Tioga  county.  Her  par- 
ents, John  and  Lois  (Eddy)  Howland,  came  with  their  son,  Dr.  Eddy  Howland,  to 
Deerfield  township  in  1803.  To  Elanson  and  Mercy  Seelye  were  bom  fourteen 
children,  as  follows:  "Willard,  Ebenezer,  John,  Mercy,  Hulda,  Lois,  David,  Eddy, 
Chloe,  Susan,  Eoby,  Elanson,  Malvin  and  Franklin.  Of  these  Eddy,  Elanson,  Mal- 
vin,  Lois  and  Eoby  survive.  Mr.  Seelye  died  on  the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield, 
December  29,  1866,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year.  His  wife  died  November  35,  1867, 
in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  her  age.  Like  his  father,  Mr.  Seelye  was  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat, was  an  adherent  of  the  Quaker  faith,  and  an  honored  and  respected  citizen. 

De.  Eddy  Howland  was  a  son  of  John  Howland,  a  descendant  of  John  How- 
land, one  of  three  brothers  who  came  to  America  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  The 
Doctor  and  his  father  were  among  the  pioneers  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
locating  in  what  is  now  Deerfield  township  in  1803.  His  father  is  said  to  have 
raised  the  first  tobacco  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  Dr.  Howland  took  up  a  large 
tract  of  land,  a  pajt  of  which  is  still  owned  by  his  descendants,  which  he  cleared 
and  improved  with  the  assistance  of  his  sons.  He  erected  a  saw-mill  in  1804,  estab- 
lished a  store  in  1814,  and  built  a  cider-mill  in  1817.  He  spent  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life  upon  the  old  homestead,  and  at  his  death  was  buried  thereon.  He 
married  Molly  Parker,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  their  children  were  as  fol- 
lows: Eoby,  who  married  Benjamin  Smith;  Eeuben,  Eunice,  second  wife  of  Ben- 
jamin Smith;  John,  Joseph,  Polly,  Eddy,  Prince,  and  Olive,  who  married  Charles 
Hackett. 

Eddy  Howland,  son  of  Dr.  Eddy  Howland,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in 
Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  March  12,  1808,  and  resided  there  until  his 
death,  October  23,  1893.  He  married  Charlotte  Eexford,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
Eexford,  of  Troupsburg,  New  York,  August  5,  1832,  and  reared  a  family  of  three 
children,  viz:  Harriet,  wife  of  Nelson  Eay;  Charles  E.,  and  Maria,  wife  of  William 
Wagner.  Of  Quaker  ancestry,  Mr.  Howland  always  lived  up  to  that  creed,  and 
was  an  estimable  and  worthy  citizen.  In  polities,  he  was  a  Democrat,  held  the  of&ce 
of  commissioner  of  Tioga  county  two  terms,  and  for  many  years  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace.     It  is  said  that  none  of  his  decisions  were  ever  reversed  by  a  higher  court. 

Chakles  E.  Howland,  son  of  Eddy  Howland,  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  August  5,  1836,  and  obtained  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy.  Farming  has  been  his  principal 
occupation  since  early  manhood,  though  for  fourteen  years  he  followed  merchan- 
dising at  Academy  Comers,  and  has  also  been  extensively  engaged  in  shipping 
baled  hay  to  eastern  markets,  having  shipped  as  many  as  333  carloads  in  one  winter 
to  one  man,  besides  other  large  shipm.ents.  On  October  16,  1859,  Mr.  Howland 
married  Elizabeth  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Phoebe  (Cook)  Smith,  of  Nelson 
township,  and  has  three  sons:  Eay,  Harry  and  Arthur.  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent 
Democrat,  has  filled  various  local  oflices,  and  was  postmaster  at  Academy  Corners  one 
term.  Mr.  Howland  is  the  owner  of  two  fine  farms  in  Deerfield  township,  and 
is  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of  the  county. 

Emhee  Bowen,  Se.,  a  son  of  Ezra  Bowen,  and  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1804,  and  settled  in  Deerfield  township,  where 


870  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

he  cleared  and  improTed  what  is  known  as  the  old  Bowen  homestead.  Here  he 
resided  until  his  death,  May  3,  1841,  aged  seventy-one  years.  His  wife,  Huldah 
Howland,  was  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Howland,  who  came  to  America  in  the 
Mayflower.  She  died  July  9,  1847,  aged  seventy-two  years.  Their  children  were 
as  follows:  Lois,  who  married  Elisha  Train;  Orpha,  who  married  Gamer  Monroe; 
Cynthia,  who  married  Abram  Pease;  Samuel,  who  married  Polly  Cook;  Miriam, 
who  married  Ashbel  Monroe;  Otis  D.,  who  m.arried  Melinda  Luce;  Benjamin  S., 
who  married  Hannah  Whitaker;  Susannah,  who  married  Theodore  Doty;  Bmmer, 
who  married  Nancy  A.  Clark;  Patience,  who  married  Leonard  Daniels,  and  Huldah, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Oliver  Pease.  All  the  children  are  dead.  The  grand- 
children of  Emmer  Bowen,  Sr.,  number  over  100,  while  his  descendants  by  inter- 
marriage are  far  more  numerous.  Mr.  Bowen  was  a  Quaker,  in  religion,  and  a  man 
of  strong  character  and  strict  integrity. 

Emmee  Bowen  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga 
county,  May  37,  1815,  a  son  of  Emmer  and  Huldah  Bowen.  He  was  reared  midst 
scenes  of  pioneer  life,  and  attended  the  common  school  of  his  district.  He  re- 
mained on  the  old  farm  up  to  1880,  when  he  removed  to  the  home  of  his  son,  Enoch 
E.,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  February  7,  1896,  at  the  ripe  age  of  nearly 
eighty-one  years.  On  December  13,  1837,  he  married  jSTaney  A.  Clark,  a  daughter 
of  Eleazer  and  Abigail  (Armstrong)  Clark,  of  Deerfield  township.  She  was  born 
in  Eliode  Island,  in  1815,  and  bore  him  iovac  children,  two  of  whom  grew  to  maturity, 
viz:  Enoch  E.,  deceased,  and  Abbie  C,  wife  of  Henry  E.  Hayes,  of  Brooklyn,  New 
York.  The  widow  lived  with  her  son,  Enoch  E.,  in  Deerfield  township,  until  his 
death.  In  1840  Mr.  Bowen  and  his  brother,  Benjamin,  in  company  with  a  few 
capitalists,  built  a  large  woolen  factory  in  Deerfield  township,  of  which  they  soon 
afterwards  became  sole  proprietors.  They  carried  on  the  business  successfully 
imtil  1847,  when  the  plant  was  burned.  With  characteristic  enterprise  they  imme- 
diately rebuilt  the  mill  and  continued  the  business  until  January,  1863,  when  it 
was  purchased  by  the  late  Joseph  Ingham,  and  is  now  operated  by  J.  S.  Ingham  & 
Sons.  Throughout  this  period  Mr.  Bowen  was  also  engaged  in  lumbering  and 
farming.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions  and  inflexible  principles,  thoroughly 
unselfish,  and  possessing  unbounded  faith  and  confidence  in  his  fellowmen.  °He 
was  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  community  in 
which  his  entire  life  was  passed,  and  his  jovial  manners  and  lovable  traits  ca^ed 
him  to  be  widely  known  by  the  title  of  "Uncle  Emmer."  Mr.  Bowen  was  for  maav 
years  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  a  pioneer  in  the  F  &  A 
M.  and  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  societies.  In  poHties,  he  was  originally  a  Whig,  and  a  Ee- 
pubJican  from  the  birth  of  that  party. 

Enoch  E.  Bowen,  son  of  Emmer  and  Nancy  A.  Bowen,  was  bom  in  Deerfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  October  6,  1838,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  spent  his 
entire  life  near  the  place  of  his  birth.  He  lived  on  the  old  homestead  up  to  1880, 
when  he  purchased  a  farm  in  the  same  township,  on  which  he  died,  April  17  1896 
Mr.  Bowen  was  married  to  Addie  Guinnip,  a  daughter  of  E.  H.  and  Adeline  (Canan) 
Gumnip,  of  Elmira,  May  7,  1874.  Politically,  he  was  an  ardent  Eepublican.  He 
was  a  quiet,  unpretentious  man,  a  good  neighbor,  and  an  afEectionate  son 

Benjamin  S.  Bowen,  a  son  of  Emmer  Bowen,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Deerfield  town- 


BIOGBAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  871 


ship,  Tioga  county,  in  1807,  and  spent  his  entire  life  on  the  old  homestead.  He 
maxried  Hannah  C,  a  daughter  of  Jabez  B.  and  Thankful  (Champlin)  Whitaker, 
who  came  from  Ehode  Island.  Mrs.  Bowen's  brother,  John  C.  Whitalcer,  was  a 
leading  physician,  of  Tioga  county,  and  also  filled  the  office  of  associate  jiidge.  She 
became  the  mother  of  ten  children,  viz:  lisura,  who  married  J.  D.  Eay;  John, 
Samuel  B.,  Mary,  who  married  J.  W.  Allen;  George  C,  Benjamin  F.,  Sarah  M.,  wife 
of  Dr.  A.  J.  Heggie;  Emmer  H.,  Ezra  E.  and  William  H.  Mr.  Bowen  died  in  1889, 
aged  eighty-two  years.  From  early  manhood  he  was  a  member  of  the  Free  Baptist 
church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Geoege  C.  Bowen,  son  of  Benjamin  S.  and  Hannah  C.  Bowen,  was  bom  in 
Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  November  11,  1838,  and  was  reared  in  his  native 
township.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Union  Academy,  them 
under  the  charge  of  Samuel  B.  Price,  its  founder.  In  1859  he  commenced  clerk- 
ing, and  followed  that  vocation  until  1874.  Politically,  he  has  always  been  a  Ee- 
publican. In  the  winter  of  1874-75,  he  was  doorkeeper  of  the  Senate  at  Harris- 
burg.  In  1875  he  was  elected  register  and  recorder  of  Tioga  county,  and  was 
re-elected  three  times  in  succession,  filling  the  oilice  four  terms.  During  President 
Harrison's  administration,  he  was  private  secretary  for  the  Commissioner  of  Cus- 
toms two  years,  at  Washington,  D.  0.  Since  1893  he  has  made  his  home  in  Elmira, 
New  York,  and  is  at  present  a  commercial  traveler.  In  1860,  Mr.  Bowen  married 
Hannah  P.  Stebbins,  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer  and  Hannah  (Pierce)  Stebbins,  of 
Jamestown,  New  York,  and  has  three  children:  Charles  E.,  Martha  S.,  wife  of  G. 
J.  Stewart,  and  Anna  P.  Mr.  Bowen  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,and  the  K. 
of  H. 

^  John  Goodspeed,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Vermont,  in  1801,  a  son  of  Cornelius  and 
Phoebe  Goodspeed,  and  grandson  of  Anthony  and  Abigail  Goodspeed.  In  1813 
the  family  came  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  parents  spent 
the  remaining  years  of  their  lives.  John  grew  to  manhood  amidst  the  scenes  of 
pioneer  days  and  acquired  a  good  education  for  that  period.  He  taught  school 
and  also  followed  surveying,  being  employed  by  the  Bingham  estate  as  one  of  their 
land  agents  and  surveyors  up  to  1836.  In  that  capacity  he  became  widely  known 
throughout  the  Cowanesque  valley.  About  this  time  he  engaged  in  merchandising 
at  Knoxville,  which  business  he  followed  many  years,  and  also  dealt  quite  extensively 
in  lumber.  His  long  residence  in  Knoxville  and  his  business  enterprise  entitles 
him  to  recognition  as  one  of  its  leading  pioneers.  Mr.  Goodspeed  died  in  that  town, 
August  26,  1864,  in  tlie  sixty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  His  wife,  Orril(  Scott)  Good- 
speed,  a  daughter  of  Luke  Scott,  survived  him  one  year,  dying  August  13,  1865,  in 
the  sixty-seventh  year  of  her  age.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  named 
as  follows:    Francis,  John,  Charles,  Emily,  Samuel,  Charlotte  and  James. 

John  Goodspeed,  Je.,  was  bom  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  November  15, 
1832,  second  son  of  John  Goodspeed,  Sr.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  town  and 
there  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  which  he  followed  until  his  removal  to  Sa- 
binsville,  where  he  died  August  33, 1895.  He  married  Melissa  A.  Phillips,  a  native 
of  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county.  She  was  bom  June  31,  1828,  a  daughter  of 
Eiehard  and  Amity  Phillips,  a  grand-daughter  of  Sylvester  and  Eachel  Phillips,  and 
great-grand-daughter  of  Eiehard  and  Mercy  Phillips,  and  died  in  Sabinsville,  Janu- 


872  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


ary  5,  1894.  They  were  the  paients  of  four  children,  viz:  John  Francis,  James 
C,  Mary  and  Ella. 

JoHK  P.  GooDSPBED  was  bom  in  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  De- 
cember 8,  1854,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  John  ajid  Melissa  A.  (Phillips)  Goodspeed. 
He  was  reared  in  Deerfield  township,  and  educated  in  the  piiblic  schools  of  KnoxviUe, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Elmira,  New  York.  For  two  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  grocery 
trade  at  KnoxviUe,  and  in  1884  located  at  Sabinsville,  where  for  ten  years  he  was 
manager  of  a  general  store.  In  1894  he  embarked  in  the  grocery,  and  hoot  and 
shoe  business  at  Sabinsville,  which  he  continued  up  to  the  spring  of  1896.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  treasurer  of  Clymer  town- 
ship since  1891.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of 
the  K.  of  H.  Mr.  Goodspeed  wa^  married  January  30,  1877,  to  Ida  Johnson,  a 
daughter  of  Joel  and  Caroline  (Ives)  Johnson,  of  KnoxviUe.  They  are  the  parents 
of  three  chUdren,  named  as  follows:    Leon  F.,  Charles  L.  and  James  G. 

James  C.  Goodspeed,  now  a  prominent  insurance  man  of  Eochester,  New 
York,  was  bom  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  November  3, 
1858,  the  second  son  of  John  and  MeUssa  A.  (PhiUips)  Goodspeed,  and  is  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  the  county.  He  was  reared  in  Deerfield, 
attended  the  public  schools  of  that  township,  and  later  the  Elmira  Academy,  and 
graduated  from  Warner's  Business  College,  Elmira,  New  York,  in  the  class  of  1879. 
In  1881  he  embaxked  in  the  general  insurance  business  at  KnoxviUe,  which  he 
successfully  prosecuted  here  in  connection  with  dealing  in  real  estate,  until  his  re- 
moval to  Eochester,  New  York.  Mr.  Goodspeed  was  married  December  15,  1880, 
to  Gertrude  CrandaU,  a  daughter  of  Silas  G.  and  Mary  (AVeeks)  Crandall,  of  Nelson 
township,  Tioga  county.  They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz:  Mary  M., 
Eva  G.,  Helen  C,  Grace,  Gertrude,  Irving  and  Jeannie  S.  In  politics,  Mr.  Good- 
speed  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  filled  several  local  offices  in  KnoxviUe.  He  is  a  E. 
A.  M.  in  the  Masonic  order,  also  a  K.  T.  of  Tyagaghton  Commandery. 

Chaeles  Caepentee,  a  native  of  New  England,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  the  Cowanesque  valley.  He  located  on  the  site  of  Osceola,  but  a  few  years  later 
removed  to  Deerfield  township  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  the  widow 
of  Lorentes  Carpenter,  which  he  partially  cleared  and  improved.  He  died  upon 
that  farm,  as  did  also  his  parents,  who  came  with  him  to  Tioga  coomty.  His  wife 
was  Lucy  Darling,  and  they  had  a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  James,  Abijah, 
Charles,  Sylvia,  who  married  N.  P.  Eobinson;   Lyman,  and  Samuel. 

Lyman  Caepentee,  a  sou  of  Charles  Carpenter,  was  born  May  5,  1796,  and 
was  reai-ed  to  manhood  in  Deerfield  township.  After  his  father's  death,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  homestead  farm,  but  later  in  life  sold  it  and  moved  to  Brookfield 
township  and  thence  to  Farmington,  where  he  died  February  19,  1873.  He  was 
twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Almira  Cook,  a  daughter  of  Levi  and  Elizabeth 
(Calkins)  Cook,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  twelve  children,  as  follows:  EHzabeth, 
who  married  Curtis  Tifl;any;  Lorentes,  Arthxir,  Polly,  whose  first  husband  was 
Eldridge  Eathbone,  and  second  husband  John  Casner;  Levi,  Celestia,  who  married 
Caleb  Stadon;  Sylvia,  who  married  Charles  Cronrath;  Charles,  Valores  B.,  Maxey 
B.,  Samantha,  who  first  married  Wallace  Green  and  afterwards  Normaji  Bovee, 
and  George  B.     Mr.  Carpenter's  second  wile  was  Mrs.  Alta  Elwood. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  873 


LoEBNTES  Caepentee,  eldest  son  of  Lyman  and  Almira  Carpenter,  was  bom 
in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  April  4, 1823.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead, 
and  during  the  sixties  located  on  the  farm  now  the  home  of  his  son,  Willard  S., 
where  he  resided  six  years.  Pie  then  purchased  the  Carpenter  homestead,  and  lived 
there  until  his  death,  October  7, 1893.  He  married  Lois  Seelye,  a  daughter  of  Elan- 
son  and  Mercy  (Howlaaid)  Seelye,  May  14,  1846.  On  the  paternal  side,  she  was  a 
grand-daughter  of  Ebenezer  and  Mahetabel  (Todd)  Seelye,  and  on  the  maternal  side, 
of  John  and  Lois  (Eddy)  Howland,  all  pioneers  of  Tioga  county.  She  bore  him  the 
following  children:  Mercy  S.,  deceased;  Willard  S.,  A.  Delphine,  who  married 
Ephraim  Shaut;  Delia,  who  married  Grant  Seely;  Hattie,  Belle,  widow  of  C.  Ells- 
worth Clark;  Clara,  deceased  wife  of  John  Northrop;  Frank,  and  Frances,  twins. 
Frank  married  Mamie  Harrison,  and  Frances  is  dead.  Mr.  Carpenter  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Democrat.  His  widow  lives 
on  the  old  homestead. 

WiLLAED  S.  Caepentee,  eldest  son  of  Lorentes  Carpenter,  was  born  in  Deer- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  Xovember  24,  1848.  He  was  reared  upon  the  home- 
stead farm,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  Union  Academy. 
He  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  Deerfield  township,  and  has  resided  upon  his  present 
farm  of  225  acres  since  1886,  sixty  acres  of  which  he  cleared.  Mr.  Carpenter  was 
married  May  14,  1873,  to  Emma  Daniels,  a  daughter  of  Henry  F.  ajid  Esther 
(Close)  Daniels,  of  Deerfield  township,  who  has  had  four  children,  viz:  Leah,  wife 
of  Frank  J.  Doan;  Fred  L.,  Ada  E.,  and  Walter  L.,  deceased.  In  polities,  he  is 
a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  one  of  the 
representative  farmers  of  Deerfield  township,  as  well  as  a  descendant  of  two  of  the 
oldest  families  of  Tioga  county. 

Eleazee  Claek  was  bom  in  Burrellsville,  Ehode  Island,  October  6,  1788,  a 
son  of  Capt.  Eleazer  and  Pmdence  Clark.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  cooper,  was 
captain  of  a  company  during  the  Eevolution,  and  lived  and  died  in  Rhode  Island. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  that  State,  was  a  cooper  by  trade,  and  came  to  Deerfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1817,  locating  on  the  farm  now  owned 
and  occupied  by  his  son,  Elias  H.  It  embraces  200  acres,  which  he  cleared  and 
improved.  He  followed  his  trade  in  connection  with  agriculture  for  upwards  of 
forty  years,  and  was  regarded  as  the  best  mechanic  in  his  line  for  miles  around. 
Mr.  Clark  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Abigail  Armstrong,  of  Rhode 
Island,  who  became  the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Nancy,  who  married  Emmer 
Bowen;  Roswell,  William,  Eleazer,  and  Abigail,  who  married  Enoch  Steere.  His 
second  wife  of  Rosamond  Salisbury,  a  daughter  of  John  Salisbury,  of  Elkland, 
Tioga  county.  Five  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  Erastus,  George  W., 
Sarah  J.,  wife  of  Franklin  Fairchilds;  Elias  H.  and  Susan  H.  Mr.  Clark  died  on 
the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield  township,  October  7,  1863,  being  one  day  over 
seventy-four  years  old.  He  was  an  enterprising  and  progressive  farmer,  a  good 
citizen  and  kind  neighbor.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  always  took  a  com- 
mendable interest  in  public  affairs. 

Elias  H.  Claek,  youngest  son  of  Eleazer  and  Rosamond  Clark,  was  bom  on 
the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  April  38,  1836,  and  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy.     He  has  spent 


874  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COITNTY. 


his  entire  life  upon  the  old  homestead,  which  he  inherited  from  his  father.  He 
has  been  an  extensive  tobacco  grower  since  1882,  and  is  a  breeder  of  Holstein  cattle, 
and  has  been  a  breeder  of  Hambletonian  and  Pereheron  horses.  Mr.  Clark  was  mar- 
ried May  11,  1862,  to  Marietta  Close,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Maria  (Sweet)  Close, 
of  Westfield,  Tioga  county.  Six  children  have  blessed  this  union,  viz:  Byron  L., 
Cecil  A.,  Eosamond  M.,  Clare  E.  and  Horton  E.  In  politics,  Mr.  Clark  is  a  Ke- 
publican,  is  connected  with  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  is  recognized  as  a  progressive  and 
enterprising  farmer. 

Cecil  A.  Clakk,  son  of  Elias  H.  and  Marietta  (Close)  Clark,  was  bom  on  the 
old  Clark  homestead  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  February  13,  1864,  where 
he  also  grew  to  manhood.  He  was  educated  at  the  Osceola  High  School,  and  since 
attaining  his  majority  has  been  engaged  in  farming.  In  1884  he  removed  to  Brook- 
field  township,  remaining  there  until  1894,  when  he  located  in  Westfield  town- 
ship, where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming,  making  a  specialty  of  raising 
potatoes  and  buying  and  selling  stock.  Mr.  Clark  was  married  December  21,  1885, 
to  Ida  Grist,  a  daughter  of  Chester  and  Amanda  (Bowman)  Grist,  of  Athens,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  has  four  children,  viz:  EarlE.,  Marietta,  Ivan  L.,  and  Manning. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican;  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  0.  0.  F., 
and  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  the  township. 

C.  Elswobth  Claek  was  bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  August  25,  1861, 
a  son  of  Eleazer  and  Julia  (Johnson)  Clark,  of  Steuben  county,  ISTew  York.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  a  son  of  Eleazer  Clark,  Sr. 
Elsworth  was  educated  in  Osceola  and  at  the  business  college  in  Elmira,  New  York, 
graduating  in  both  places.  He  later  took  charge  of  the  old  Clark  homestead  in 
Steuben  county,  and  afterwards  of  the  old  Carpenter  homestead  in  Tioga  county, 
and  was  a  thrifty,  prosperous  farmer.  He  married  Belle  Carpenter,  a  daughter 
of  Lorentes  and  Lois  Carpenter,  who  survives  him.  Mr.  Clark  died  Ifovember 
29,  1893,  leaving  two  children,  Clarence  E.  and  Loren  C. 

Joseph  Falkneh,  Sb.,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  now 
the  home  of  the  widow  of  his  sons,  William  and  Joseph.  Here  he  died  in  1838 
He  married  Phoebe  Monroe,  and  reared  a  laxge  family,  eight  of  whom  grew  to 
maturity.  William  served  in  the  Civil  War  and  died  in  a  hospital  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  June  21,  1864;  Margaret,  married  William  Hoskins;  Levi,  died  in  Knox- 
ville;  Elizabeth,  married  Silas  Finch;  Mary  J.,  married  John  Cook;  Lucinda,  mar- 
ried Smith  Cornell;  Joseph,  died  in  Deerfield  township,  and  Phoebe,  married  Miles 
Finch. 

Joseph  Falkneb,  Jb.,  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  April  25,  1829,  and  spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  thereon, 
making  farming  his  vocation.  On  June  29,  1865,  he  married  Mrs.  Eleanor  Fdk- 
ner,  widow  of  his  brother,  WilUam,  and  daughter  of  William  and  Polly  (Humphrev) 
Wass,  pioneers  of  Chatham  township.  Mrs.  Falkner  was  born  near  Elmira  New 
York,  but  was  reared  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county.  She  was  married  at 
her  father's  home  to  William  Falkner,  after  whose  death  she  became  the  wife  of  his 
brother,  Joseph,  who  died  March  16,  1895.  In  politics,  Mr.  Falkner  was  a 
Democrat. 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  875 


Levi  Faulkner  was  born  in  Deerfield  township.  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
!N'ovember  21,  1814,  and  died  at  Knoxville,  January  30,  1889,  in  the  seventy-fifth 
year  of  his  age.  He  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Phoebe  (Monroe)  Faulkner,  of  New 
York,  who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  in  Deer- 
field,  and  after  his  parents'  death  had  charge  of  the  homestead  farm  until  his  mar- 
riage, when  he  started  out  in  life  for  himself,  settling  on  a  farm  immediately  east 
of  Knoxville,  which  is  yet  in  possession  of  his  widow.  Mr.  Faulkner  was  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Polly  Butler,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York.  She 
•died  September  1,  1863,  in  her  fiftieth  year.  In  September,  1864,  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  A.  Dearman,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Olive  (Beach)  Dearman,  and 
sister  of  Albert  and  Justus  Dearman,  a  sketch  of  whom  appears  in  this  chapter. 
She  is  the  mother  of  two  children:  Mary  L.,  and  Wilson,  the  latter  of  whom  died 
in  infancy.  Mrs.  Faulkner  resides  in  Knoxville.  Mr.  Faulkner  dealt  quite  ex- 
tensively in  live  stock,  was  a  careful,  honest  business  man,  and  was  respected  most 
by  those  who  knew  him  best. 

Silas  Billings  took  a  conspiciious  part  in  the  lumbering  business  on  the 
Cowanesque  river  and  Pine  creek  in  early  days,  and  for  many  years  was  one  of  the 
leading  operators  in  this  section  of  the  State.    He  was  bom  in  Amherst,  Massa- 
chusetts, May  23,  1790,  and  in  1820  settled  on  Seely  creek,  in  Southport  township, 
Chemung  county.  New  York,  where  he  operated  a  linseed  oil  and  wool-carding 
mill.    In  1822  he  sold  his  factory  and  removed  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, purchasing  large  tracts  of  timber  lands  on  the  Cowanesque.     Here  he 
built  an  extensive  pearl  ashery  in  1823,  and  the  same  year  he  and  his  brother-in- 
law.  Col.  Hiram  Freeborn,  erected  a  distillery,  which  business  he  carried  on  several 
years.     He  also  opened  a  store  in  the  village  and  was  the  leading  merchant  of 
Knoxville  for  a  long  period.     In  1824  he  erected  a  linseed-oil  mill,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  a  ,giist-mill;   operated  several  saw-mills  and  a  tannery  at  different  periods, 
and  conducted  a  hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  travelers  from  1836  to  1840,  thus 
setting  an  example  of  business  enterprise  to  the  people  of  the  valley.     During  this 
period  he  made  extensive  purchases  of  timber  lands  on  Pine  creek,  operated  saw-nulls 
in  what  is  now  Gaines  township,  and  rafted  the  luraber  down  Pine  creek  to  Har- 
risburg  and  other  southern  markets.     Mr.  Billings  was  one  of  the  most  prompt 
and  reliable  lumbermen  that  did  business  on  the  Susquehanna  in  those  days.     In 
many  respects  he  was  quite  eccentric,  but  wa.s  frank,  outspoken  and  scrupulously 
honest.     When  he  came  into  Tioga  county  the  forest  along  Pine  creek  was  almost 
unbroken,  and  no  man  of  his  day  in  the  county  made  a  better  record  in  the  de- 
velopment of  its  great  lumber  interests.     For  seventeen  years  he  labored  in  the 
mill,  in  the  woods  and  on  the  river,  getting  his  lumber  and  timber  to  market.     In 
1840  he  removed  from  Knoxville  to  Elmira,  New  York,  and  purchased  the  first 
brick  building  erected  in  that  city,  in  which  he  lived  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life,  dying  August  28,  1853,  in  his  sixty-fourth  year.     While  residing  in  Elmira 
he  still  kept  an  eye  on  his  business  affairs  in  Tioga  county,  and  after  recuperating 
his  broken  health,  he  returned  occasionally  to  Gaines  township,  where  his  sons, 
Silas  X.  and  Charles  F.,  and  son-in-laAv,  P.  S.  S.  McNeil,  were  living,  and  prose- 
cuted his  business  with  increased  vigor  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.     Mr.  Billings 
was  married  four  times.     His  first  wife  was  Lauriette  Freeborn,  a  daughter  of 


876  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


David  Freeborn,  of  Cazenovia,  Madison  county.  New  York.  She  died  in  Cazenovia, 
leaving  three  children,  viz:  Lauriette,  David  and  Nancy.  His  second  wife  was 
Abby  Freeborn,  his  first  wife's  sister,  who  became  the  mother  of  Silas  X.,  Abbie 
B.,  widow  of  P.  S.  S.  McNeil,  who  lives  in  Elmira,  and  Charles  F.,  a  resident  of  the 
same  city.  Mrs.  Billings  died  at  Ivnoxville,  February  16,  1831,  and  he  was  again 
married  to  Eosette  Chapman,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Mary,  now  the  widow 
of  John  Dexter.  His  last  wife  was  Eachel  Sloan,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  who 
survived  her  husband  three  years. 

Silas  X.  Billings,  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  successful 
citizens  of  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1836,  a  son  of  Silas  and  Abby  (Freeborn)  Billings.  His  father  was  an 
extensive  lumberman  on  the  Cowanesque  river  and  Pine  creek,  and  Silas  X.  thus 
became  acquainted  with  the  details  of  the  lumber  business.  In  1840  his  father 
removed  to  Elmira,  New  York,  where  our  subject  acquired  a  good  English  educa- 
tion in  the  Elmira  Academy.  In  1847  he  was  sent  to  take  charge  of  the  timber 
lands  owned  by  his  father  in  Gaines  and  Elk  townships,  located  on  Pine  creek,  and 
Cedar  and  Slate  runs.  Here  a  steam  saw-mill  was  erected  under  the  management 
of  Mr.  Billings  aad  P.  S.  S.  McNeil.  In  1853  his  father  died,  and  Silas  X.  was 
appointed  one  of  the  administrators  to  settle  the  estate,  which  he  successfully  car- 
ried out  at  the  end  of  two  years,  taking  his  own  share  of  the  estate  in  wild  lands  in 
Tioga  county.  In  1855  he  located  permanently  at  Gaines,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  until  his  death.  January  5,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  M.  Locke,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Jesse  and  Lura  Locke,  who  survives  him,  and  now  resides  in  Wellsboro. 
Mr.  Billings  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  methodical  business  habits,  and  unsullied 
integrity.  He  purchased  large  tracts  of  coal  and  timber  lands,  erected  mills, 
stores,  tanneries  and  hotels,  and  was  eminently  successful  in  all  his  undertakings. 
Tie  was  prominently  associated  with  the  early  struggles  to  obtain  and  keep  alive 
the  charter  for  the  Jersey  Shore,  Pine  Creek  and  Buffalo  railroad  (now  the  Pine 
Creek),  which  in  the  face  of  great  opposition  succeeded,  though  he  did  not  live 
to  see  the  road  built.  A  few  months  before  his  death,  he  was  prevailed  upon 
by  his  friends  to  seek  medical  relief  and  repose,  and  went  to  New  York  City  to 
consult  eminent  physicians.  On  his  return,  while  visiting  his  sister,  Mrs.  McNeil, 
at  Elmira,  New  York,  he  was  stricken  with  an  attack  of  Bright's  disease,  from 
which,  however,  he  rallied  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Gaines.  Some  three' weeks 
later  he  was  again  prostrated  by  the  same  insidious  disease,  and  on  the  morning 
of  October  13,  1879,  his  spirit  took  its  flight.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the 
Wellsboro  Cemetery,  where  a  beautiful  granite  monument,  erected  by  his  loving 
wife,  marks  his  last  resting  place.  Politically,  he  was  a  life-long  Democrat  but 
aside  from  performing  the  duties  of  citizenship,  took  no  active  interest  in  public 
affairs.  Mr.  Billings  was  a  genial  companion,  a  true  and  steadfast  friend  an 
affectionate  husband,  generous  and  open  hearted  to  the  poor  and  suffering  and 
ever  ready  to  give  his  encouragement  and  support  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  social 
and  material  interests  of  his  native  county. 

Chaelbs  Febeboen  Billings  was  born  in  the  old  Billings  homestead  at 
Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  erected  by  his  father  in  1823  and  yet 
standing  m  the  western  limits  of  the  borough,  Februarv  16,  1831,  and  is  the  young- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  §77 


est  son  of  Silas  and  Abby  Billings.  He  spent  his  childhood  in  his  native  town. 
and  removed  with  his  father  to  Elmira,  New  York,  in  1840,  where  he  attended 
school  until  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  then  returned  to  Tioga  county  to  assist  his 
brother,  Silas  X.,  in  the  lumber  business  established  by  their  father,  where  his 
delicate  constitution  rapidly  improved,  drinking  in  the  pure  air  of  the  pine  forest 
and  eating  the  homely  fare  of  camp  life.  After  becoming  familiar  with  the  lumber 
business,  he  had  charge  of  various  departments,  finally  returning  to  Elmira  and 
spending  two  years  at  school.  After  his  father's  death  he  gave  his  attention  to 
the  farming  interests  of  the  large  estate,  while  his  brother  had  charge  of  the  lum- 
ber business.  In  the  winter  of  1858  Mr.  Billings  met  Miss  Helena  Sweet,  fourth 
daughter  of  Eev.  Elisha  Sweet,  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister  then  laboring  in 
the  circuit  embracing  Knoxville,  and  September  13,  1859,  the  young  couple  were 
married  and  settled  on  a  fine  farm  of  225  acres  on  Troup's  creek,  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, a  short  distance  from  Knoxville.  Here  they  resided  some  twenty  years,  when 
the  death  of  his  brother  placed  an  estate  of  aboiit  -10,000  acres  of  timber,  coal  and 
farm  lands,  lying  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties,  under  his  control,  besides  one-half 
of  the  personal  property.  Eemoving  to  Elmira,  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
principally  to  the  management  of  the  property  which  then  came  to  himself  and 
sister,  Mrs.  McNeil.  Mr.  Billings  has  been  identified  with  the  development  of  his 
native  county  since  early  manhood,  and  usually  spends  the  summer  months  in 
Ejioxville.  He  assisted  in  securing  the  construction  of  the  Addison  and  Penn- 
sylvania railroad,  which  has  proven  a  great  benefit  to  the  Cowanesque  valley  and 
the  vast  lumbering  and  coal  interests  of  western  Tioga.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Billings 
are  the  parents  of  four  daughters,  viz:  Carrie,  wife  of  Preston  Gilbert,  of  New 
York  City;  Jessie,  wife  of  Willis  Beach,  of  Knoxville;  Abbie,  wife  of  Horace 
Brewster,  of  Elmira,  and  Louise,  Avife  of  Edward  T.  Youmans,  a  resident  of  the 
same  city.  Politically,  Mr.  Billings  voted  with  the  Eepublican  party  until  after 
the  presidential  election  of  1876,  when  believing  that  Samuel  J.  Tilden  was  the 
legally-elected  president  of  the  United  States,  and  was  defrauded  out  of  the  office 
by  the  Eepublican  leaders,  he  left  that  party  and  has  since  been  an  independent 
voter,  though  he  generally  supports  the  Democracy  on  state  and  national  issues. 
Possessing  large  means,  he  gives  liberally  to  religious,  charitable  and  educational 
objects.  The  Billings  Park  at  Knoxville  is  one  of  his  gifts  to  the  people  of  his 
native  village. 

Col.  Hibam  FKEEBOHiir  was  born  in  Cazenovia,  New  York,  in  1799,  a  son  of 
David  Freeborn,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1832 
with  Silas  Billings,  his  brother-in-law,  and  located  at  Knoxville,  where  he  became 
a  partner  of  Mr.  Billings  in  a  distillery,  which  he  subsequently  carried  on  by  him- 
self for  many  years.  He  also  engaged  in  farming,  clearing  up  the  land  now  occu- 
pied by  his  son,  D.  L.,  upon  which  he  lived  and  died.  He  married  Cynthia  Lorinda 
Thompson,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Thompson,  and  a  native  of  Otsego  county.  New 
York.  To  this  union  were  bom  three  children,  viz:  Levantia  W.,  who  married 
Levi  B.  Eeynolds;  DeLancy,  of  Knoxville,  and  Viola,  who  maxried  William  Mead. 
Colonel  Freeborn  held  various  township  offices,  and  was  prominent  in  the  militia 
during  the  early  years  of  the  county's  history.  He  was  a  Democrat  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he  became  a  Eepublican.     In  religion,  he  was  a 


878  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COTTNTY. 

member  of  the  Congregational  church,  and  died  in  that  faith  in  1889,  in  the  nine- 
tieth year  of  his  age.  Throughout  the  greater  portion  of  his  residence  in  Knoxville, 
Colonel  Freeborn  was  one  of  its  prominent  and  influential  citizens,  and  his  name 
is  closely  interwoven  with  the  history  of  the  tcyn. 

Leti  B.  Ebynolds  was  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  and  a  son  of  William  and 
Lydia  (Church)  Eeynolds,  of  that  State.  When  Levi  B.  was  about  seven  years  old 
his  parents  removed  to  Spring  Mills,  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
grew  to  manhood  and  learned  the  mercantile  business  with  Judge  Gaylord  Colvin. 
He  later  became  a  merchant  at  Bums,  Few  York,  in  partnership  with  Ira  Daven- 
port, of  Bath,  who  furnished  the  capital  against  young  Eeynolds'  business  experi- 
ence. In  1847  the  firm  located  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  the  business 
was  continued,  under  the  firm  name  of  Levi  B.  Eeynolds,  in  a  store  building  owned 
by  his  father-in-law.  Col.  Hiram  Freeborn.  After  his  marriage  to  Levantia  W. 
Freeborn,  Mr.  Eeynolds  bought  his  partner's  interest  and  continued  the  business 
up  to  1870.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  where  he  followed  merchan- 
dising until  1874,  when  his  store  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Eeturning  to  Knoxville 
he  again  embarked  in  merchandising,  which  he  carried  on  until  he  was  succeeded 
by  his  son,  William  D.,  and  his  son-in-law,  H.  T.  Gilbert.  He  then  devoted  his 
attention  to  his  real  estate  interests  until  his  death,  October  31,  1891,  aged  seventy- 
two  years.  Mr.  Eeynolds  was  a  careful  and  honest  business  man,  and  highly 
respected  for  his  many  sterling  qualities.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  E.  A.  U.  societies.  He  filled  the  office  of 
postmaster  at  Knoxville,  as  well  as  other  local  positions.  His  widow  and  three 
children  survive  him,  viz:  Mrs.  Ella  C.  Gilbert  and  William  D.,  both  residents  of 
Ehnira,  ISTew  York,  and  Mrs.  Effie  L.  Beach,  of  Knoxville. 

HiEAM  Gilbert  was  born  in  JS'ew  England,  March  6,  1796,  and  came  to  Deer- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1824,  where  he  worked  at  the  car- 
penter's trade.  He  later  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  at  Knoxville,  which 
he  carried  on  there  upwards  of  thirty  years.  He  then  purchased  a  couple  of  farms 
m  Deerfield  township,  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  sons,  Wallace  and  George,  and 
died  on  that  occupied  by  the  former,  June  10,  1871,  in  his  seventy-sixth  year  His 
wife  was  Eunice  Powers,  of  Cuba,  New  York,  who  bore  him  six  children,  as  follows: 
Wallace,  Mortimer,  George,  Eleanor,  Truman  and  Emmett. 

Geoege  Gilbert,  third  son  of  Hiram  Gilbert,  was  bom  in  Knoxville  Tioga 
county,  June  27,  1829,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  Union  Academy.  Soon  after  attaining  his  majority,  he  engaged  in 
farmmg  m  Deerfield  township,  which  vocation  he  has  since  continued  and  for 
twenty-five  years  he  also  followed  cattle  droving.  During  the  Eebellion,  he  en- 
hsted  m  Company  G,  Thirty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Militia,  known  as  Emergency  Men, 
who  were  called  out  for  the  purpose  of  repelling  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania. 
On  October  3  1854,  Mr.  Gilbert  married  Emeline  Butler,  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Anna  (Guy)  Butler,  of  Otsego  county,  Few  York,  and  has  three  sons  living:  Prank 
L.,  Eiigene  and  Jerome.  Mr.  Gilbert  is  a  member  of  the  E,  A.  U.,  and  in  politics,  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Eepubhcan  party. 

Frank  L.  Gilbert,  eldest  son  of  George  Gilbert,  was  bom  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  September  9,  1856.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 


BIOGKAPmCAL    SKETCHES.  §79 


of  Knoxville  and  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  aiter  which  he  taught 
for  two  terms.  In  1877  he  emharked  in  the  drug  business  at  Knoxville,  in  which 
he  has  continued  up  to  the  present,  being  recognized  to-day  as  the  leading  druggist 
of  the  borough.  Mr.  Gilbert  was  married  March  14,  1879,  to  Eva  M.  Buckbee,  a 
daughter  of  Daniel  H.  and  Emeline  (Hammond)  Buckbee,  of  Knoxville.  They  are 
the  parents  of  three  children:  Maud,  Dora  and  Arthur  B.  In  politics,  Mr.  Gilbert 
is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  was  postmaster  of  Knoxville  for  four  years  during 
Harrison's  administration.     He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  0.  E.  M. 

John  E.  White  was  bom  in  "Wyndham  county,  Connecticut,  May  26,  1809, 
a  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  (Bottum)  White.  His  father  was  bom  in  Connecticut, 
June  8, 1780,  and  died  December  18, 1866.  He  was  married  four  times.  His  first 
wife  was  Sarah  Bottum,  whom  he  married  October  1, 1801.  She  was  born  November 
18,  1776,  and  died  August  21,  1813.  Their  children  were  Malinda,  Joseph  M., 
John  E.,  Mary  Ann  and  Sarah.  His  second  wife  was  Elizabeth  Bottum,  who  bore 
him  two  children,  Sumner  P.  and  Sophronia.  His  third  wife  was  Alice  Hartson, 
who  became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  named  as  follows:  George  A.,  Freeman, 
Earl  A.,  Angeline,  Sophronia,  Charles  and  Henry.  His  fourth  wife  was  Anna 
Parkhnrst,  to  which  union  were  born  four  children,  viz:  Lester,  Eliza  Ann,  Sarah 
A.,  and  Lucian.  John  E.  White  came  with  his  brother,  Joseph  M.,  to  Nelson, 
Tioga  county,  in  1831,  where  they  worked  at  blacksmithing,  which  business  they 
had  learned  in  Connecticut.  In  1833  John  E.  removed  to  Knoxville,  where  he 
continued  working  at  his  trade.  His  brother  remained  at  Nelson,  where  he 
afterwards  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  for  many  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  waS"  Minerva  C.  Baker,  a  daughter  of  Abisha  and 
Martha  (Lytle)  Baker,  of  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  whom  he  married  September  23, 
1832.  She  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Sumner  P.,  Susan  B.  and 
Malvina  D.,  who  married  Enos  Nichols.  Mrs.  Minerva  C.  White  died  June  18, 
1849.  On  September  16,  1850,  he  married  Dolly  Knox,  a  daughter  of  William 
Knox,  who  settled  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1798,  and  a  sister  of 
John  C.  Knox,  a  distinguished  jurist,  at  one  time  a  judge  of  thei  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania.  She  died  April  19,  1875.  Four  children  were  bom  to  this  marriage, 
viz:  John  C,  James  B.,  Newell  K.,  and  Emily  K.,  wife  of  Richard  Hill.  Mr.  White 
was  an  ardent  Republican,  and  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  Knoxville  for 
thirty-three  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P., 
and  is  one  of  the  well-remembered  pioneers  of  the  borough,  where  the  greater  por- 
tion of  his  life  was  passed.     He  died  in  Knoxville,  January  31,  1884. 

JoHur  C.  White,  son  of  John  E.  and  Dolly  (Knox)  White,  was  bom  in  Knoxville, 
Tioga  county,  October  11,  1851.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  village,  and  obtained 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  Union  Academy.  On  attaining  his  majority, 
he  followed  the  vocation  of  a  painter  and  paper-hanger  several  years,  and  for  nine 
years  was  constable  and  collector  of  Knoxville.  Since  1885  he  has  been  the  clerk 
of  the  Adams  House  at  Knoxville,  and  has  been  manager  of  the  same  since  the  fall 
of  1893.  Mr.  White  was  married  June  23,  1878,  to  Laura  M.  Knox,  a  daughter 
of  Archibald  and  Julia  A.  (White)  Knox,  of  Deerfield  township.  Mrs.  White  was 
bom  in  that  township  June  20,  1853,  and  has  one  son,  J.  Archie,  bom  September 
3, 1887.     Mr.  White  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  K.  of  H.,  the  K.  &  L.  of  H., 


880  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

and  the  I.  F.A.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Kepublican,  has  been  a  member  of  the  borough 
council  six  years,  and  president  of  the  board  for  two  years. 

Newell  E.  White,  son  of  John  E.  and  Dolly  White,  was  born  in  Knoxville, 
Tioga  county.  May  30,  1860.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  town.  Prom  1880  to  1884  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Standard 
Oil  Company  as  a  member  of  the  pipe-line  force.  During  the  next  three  years  he 
was  in  the  employ  of  the  American  House  at  Westfield.  In  1890  he  leased  the 
Park  Hotel  at  Tioga  and  conducted  that  house  for  a  year  and  a  half.  He  then 
located  in  Wellshoro  and  for  four  years  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cider 
and  vinegar.  Since  September,  1895,  he  has  been  employed  in  the  Coles  House. 
Mr.  White  was  married  March  2,  1889,  to  Margaret  E.  Lane,  a  daughter  of  Patrick 
and  Elizabeth  Lane,  of  Westfield,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  William  Francis, 
John  C,  deceased,  and  Marguerite.  In  politics,  Mr.  White  is  a  Democrat,  and  was 
elected  an  inspector  of  election  in  Wellsboro  in  February,  1896.  He  is  a  member  of 
Tioga  Lodge,  No.  374,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Tioga,  and  of  Wellsboro  Lodge,  No.  273,  K.  of  P. 

Daniel  Angell  was  bom  in  the  town  of  New  Berlin,  Chenango  county.  New 
York,  March  24,  1809,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Cynthia  (Burlingame)  Angell.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  county,  and  learned  the  tanner's  and  shoemaker's  trades.  In 
1842  he  located  in  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  worked  for  Joel 
Campbell  two  years.  In  1844  he  came  to  Knoxville,  and  the  same  year  erected  a 
tannery,  with  which  he  was  actively  connected  up  to  1859,  manufacturing  mostly 
finished  leather  in  calf,  kipp,  upper  and  some  sole  leather.  During  this  time  he  also 
ran  a  shoe  shop,  and  nearly  all  the  leather  made  in  the  tannery  was  made  up  into 
boots  and  shoes  for  the  surrounding  country,  thus  giving  employment  to  a  large 
number  of  men.  In  1859  he  sold  the  tannery  to  A.  D.  Knox  in  exchange  for  a  farm 
about  two  miles  west  of  Knoxville,  where  for  the  next  twelve  years,  or  until  about 
1871,  he  was  actively  engaged  in  farming  and  clearing  land.  In  this  line  of  work 
he  also  gave  employment  to  a  number  of  men.  In  1868  he  again  became  the  owner 
of  the  tannery,  which  he  thoroughly  repaired,  putting  in  steam  power  and  many 
modem  improvements,  and  in  addition  to  his  farm  business,  he,  in  connection 
with  his  sons,  Delos  D.  and  William  Darius,  carried  on  the  tanning  business  until 
the  spring  of  1872,  when  he  sold  the  tannerj-  to  his  son  William  Darius  and  the 
balance  of  his  property  to  other  parties,  and  moved  to  Grafton,  Fillmore  county, 
Nebraska,  where  he  worked  at  farming  until  the  spring  of  1896,  when  he  sold  out 
and  returned  to  Knoxville,  where  he  now  resides.  He  w:as  always  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  the  commimity  in  which  he  lived.  He  married  Mary  A. 
Tiffany,  a  daughter  of  Humphrey  and  Hannah  (Mathewson)  Tiffany,  of  Norwich, 
New  York.  She  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Daniel  Delos,  born  March  15,  1839; 
William  D.,  September  14,  1844;  Adelbert  L.,  August  27,  1846;  Orrin,  October 
30,  1848;  Edward,  May  18,  1854,  who  died  December  4,  1890,  and  Albert,  May  18, 
1854,  who  died  in  childhood.  Mrs.  Angell  died  July  20,  1890.  Mr.  Angell  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

William  Daeiits  Angell,  second  son  of  Daniel  Angell,  was  born  in  Knox- 
ville, Tioga  county.  Pa.,  September  14,  1844,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  his 
native  place.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Union  Academy, 
and  began  his  business  career  on  a  farm.     He  engaged  in  the  tanning  business  in 


A^cti^j^   C^%iA-^^-^p.^ 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  881 


1868,  followed  it  for  ten  years,  and  then  embarked  in  general  merchandising,  which 
he  still  continues.  Mr.  Angdl  was  married  December  34,  1865,  to  Jennie  E.  How- 
land,  a  daughter  of  Willard  and  Minerva  (Luce)  Howland,  of  Deerfield  township, 
and  has  three  living  children,  viz:  Bertha  M.,  born  February  3, 1868,  wife  of  George 
H.  Fowler;  Ellen  I.,  born  February  6,  1870,  and  Euth  M.,  June  18,  1878.  Melvin 
D.,  born  October  8,  1874,  died  August  15,  1876.  Mr.  Angell  is  a  member  of  the 
E.  A.  U.  and  K.  of  H.,  and  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Democratic  Free  Silver 
party. 

WiLLAED  HowLAND  was  born  in  Exeter,  New  York,  March  15,  1806,  a  son  of 
Willard  and  Polly  (Munyan)  Howland,  and  grandson  of  John  Howland.  His  father 
was  an  operator  in  the  cotton  mills  of  Webster,  Massachusetts;  a  deacon  in  the  Bap- 
tist church,  and  reared  a  family  of  twenty  children.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
married  Minerva  Luce,  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Mahetabel  (Bates)  Luce,  and 
in  1836  came  to  Tioga  county  and  found  employment  in  the  woolen  factory  in 
Deerfield  township.  He  returned  to  Massachusetts  twice,  coming  to  this  county 
the  last  time  in  1861,  and  dying  September  18,  1889.  His  widow  is  still  living  at 
the  age  of  eighty-nine  years.  She  is  the  mother  of  five  children,  named  as  follows: 
Henry  W.,  bom  June  21,  1831;  Erastus  J.,  May  33,  1833;  Mary  M.,  May  8,  1835, 
who  died  January  11,  1894;  Melvin,  February  9,  1838,  and  Jennie  E.,  June  34, 
1843,  now  the  wife  of  W.  D.  Angell.  Erastus  J.  went  to  Kansas  in  1867,  when 
the  free  soil  and  pro-slavery  trouble  was  the  issue  there,  and  was  actively  engaged 
in  it.  His  friends  in  the  east  had  letters  from  him  for  some  time  afterward,  when 
they  ceased,  since  which  the  most  earnest  efforts  have  failed  to  find  any  trace  of 
him.  Melvin  enlisted  in  the  Fifteenth  Volunteer  Cavalry,  July  13,  1861,  in  the 
War  of  the  Eebellion,  and  died  in  the  hospital  at  Poolsville,  Maryland,  August  37, 
1861,  having  been  in  the  United  States  service  only  a  little  over  a  month.  Henry 
W.  is  now  living  in  Camden,  New  Jersey,  and  is  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business. 
Geoege  H.  Fov7lee,  son  of  Charles  W.  and  Lucy  A.  (Harney)  Fowler,  was 
born  in  Jacksonville,  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  September  18,  1867.  He  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education;  afterward  studied  pharmacy,  and  has  since 
followed  the  business  of  a  druggist.  He  was  married  June  35,  1890,  to  Bertha  M., 
eldest  daughter  of  W.  D.  and  Jennie  E.  Angell.  They  are  the  parents  of  one 
daughter,  Irma,  born  June  30,  1893.     Mr.  Fowler  is  a  resident  of  Knoxville. 

Albeet  and  Justus  Deaeman,  sons  of  George  and  Olive  (Beach)  Dearman, 
were  bom  in  Groton,  Tomkins  county.  New  York,  the  former  October  13,  1834,  and 
the  latter  September  8, 1839.  Their  father  was  a  son  of  George  and  Sally  Dearman, 
and  was  a  skillful  mechanic  and  an  artist  of  considerable  ability.  He  died  in 
Knoxville,  December  7,  1867,  aged  sixty-nine  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  and  a  temperate,  industrious,  good  citizen.  His  wife  died  August 
13,  1833.  They  were  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Albert,  Sarah  A.,  Justus 
and  Jane,  the  last  two  of  whom  are  dead.  In  early  manhood  Albert  worked  with 
his  father  at  the  house-painter's  trade.  In  1844  he  came  to  Knoxville,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  entered  the  employ  of  his  uncle,  0.  P.  Beach,  in  whose 
store  he  clerked  for  one-half  year,  when  his  uncle  took  him  into  partnership  under 
the  firm  name  of  Beach  &  Dearman.  In  1849  the  firm  dissolved,  and  Justus 
Dearman  then  came  to  Knoxville  and  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  for  the 

56 


882  nisTOKT  OF  tioga  county. 


sale  of  merehandisej  the  combined  capital  not  exceeding  $1,000.  The  firm  of  A, 
&  J.  Dearman  existed  for  fifteen  years,  and  by  fair  dealing  and  strict  attention 
to  business  prospered  beyond  their  expectations.  At  the  end  of  that  period  the 
firm  dissolved  by  mutual  consent,  Justus  continuing  the  business  at  the  old  stand. 
In  1871  his  store  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  in  1873  he  erected  the  substantial  busi- 
ness house  which  he  occupied  until  his  death,  December  14,  1880.  Justus  Dearman 
never  married.  He  possessed  great  taste  and  pride  in  his  home  and  surroundings, 
and  his  store  and  grounds  were  arranged  and  ornamented  under  his  personal  super- 
vision. He  was  a  liberal  contributor  towards  any  project  for  the  benefit  of  his 
adopted  town,  while  he  was  known  as  one  of  the  most  lenient  creditors.  He  is 
buried  in  Fairview  Cemetery,  at  Osceola,  in  a  lot  which  has  been  beautifully  fitted 
up  with,  all  the  attention  brotherly  affection  could  suggest.  Albert  Dearman 
remains  as  he  has  been  for  many  years,  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  Knoxville, 
and  is  probably  the  oldest  merchant  in  Tioga  county  in  continuous  business.  He 
married  October  1,  1861,  Jennie  Sutliff,  a  daughter  of  Case  and  Jane  (Dearman) 
Sutliff,  of  Dryden,  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  and  has  two  children  living: 
Charlie  G.  and  Everett  J.  Mr.  Dearman  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  burgess 
of  Knoxville  fifteen  years,  being  last  re-elected  in  1894  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
He  has  also  served  several  terms  as  a  school  director.  In  religious  belief,  he  is  a 
Free-Thinker. 

William  Mahkham  was  born  in  England,  July  6,  1817,  a  son  of  John  Mark- 
ham,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1833  and  located  near  Ithaca,  Few  York, 
whence  the  family  removed  to  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania. 
John  Markham  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Deerfield,  where  he  cleared  a  farm 
of  over  300  acres.  Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  removed  to  Knoxville  and  died  at 
the  age  of  eighty-five  years.  He  was  twice  married.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs. 
Catharine  Cornell,  nee  Quick.  He  reared  five  children:  Samuel,  William,  George, 
Thomas,  and  Ann,  who  married  Thomas  Kymes.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew 
to  manhood  in  Deerfield  township,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  and  also 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  for  many  years.  During  the  Civil  War  he  carried 
on  a  hardware  store  in  Knoxville,  in  company  with  Giles  Koberts.  His  wife,  Betsey, 
was  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Anna  (Baker)  Giles,  of  Deerfield,  and  bore  him 
four  children,  viz:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  William  Morse;  Albert,  Charles  D.,  and 
Sophronia,  wife  of  Guy  E.  Kelts.  Mr.  Markham  died  on  July  12,  1883,  from 
injuries  received  by  falling  from  a  scaffold.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepubliean. 

Albeet  Maekham,  eldest  son  of  William  Markham,  and  grandson  of  John 
Markham,  was  born  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  December  37,  1850,  and  has  always 
lived  in  his  native  place.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education  and  also  attended 
Union  Academy.  After  spending  two  years  at  the  harness  maker's  trade,  he  em- 
barked in  business  for  himself  in  1873,  and,  with  the  exception  of  five  years,  has 
continued  in  that  business  up  to  the  present.  Mr.  Markham  married  Mary  Fisk, 
a  daughter  of  Orlando  and  Catharine  (Loomis)  Fisk,  of  Knoxville,  February  13, 
1876,  and  has  two  children,  Walter  and  Mabel.  In  politics,  Mr.  Maxkham  is  a  Ee- 
publiean, and  has  filled  various  local  oifices.     He  is  a  member  of  the  P.  &  A.  M., 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  883 


the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  aad  the  I.  0.  K.  M.  societies,  in  all  of  which  he  takes 
an  active  interest. 

Giles  Eobeets,  a  prominent  merchant  of  Knoxville,  was  horn  in  Cincinnatus, 
Cortland  eotinty,  E"ew  York,  March  10,  1833,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Eliza 
(Green)  Roberts.  The  Eoberts  family  came  from  Connecticut,  and  the  Green 
family  from  Ehode  Island.  Mr.  Roberts  was  reared  in  his  native  county  until  six- 
teen years  of  age,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  In  1848  he  went  to 
Ehode  Island,  where  he  served  an  apprenticeship  of  three  years  at  the  tinner's 
trade,  and  later  worked  as  a  journeyman  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire.  In 
1853  he  settled  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  same  year  em- 
barked in  the  tin  and  stove  business,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Markham  & 
Eoberts,  which  partnership  existed  for  ten  years.  He  then  purchased  his  partner's 
interest,  and  has  since  carried  on  a  general  hardware  business.  During  this  period 
he  was  also  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Markham  &  Roberts,  lumber  dealers,  and  did 
quite  an  extensive  business  in  that  line.  In  January,  1855,  Mr.  Roberts  married 
Helen  Dunham,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Ruby  (Mattison)  Dunham,  of  Knoxville, 
and  has  one  daughter  living,  Mrs.  Alfred  Edgcomb.  He  is  now  serving  his  third 
term  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Knoxville;  was  coroner  of  Tioga  county  one  term,  and 
has  always  given  an  earnest  support  to  the  principles  and  measures  of  the  Repub- 
lican party. 

Heney  G.  Short  was  bom  in  De  Eeuyter,  Madison  county,  New  York,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1821,  a  son  of  Zadock  and  Hannah  (Van  Horn)  Short.  He  was  reared 
in  Cortland  county.  New  York,  but  never  attended  school  except  six  weeks,  and 
whatever  education  he  possesses  was  self-acquired.  In  1853  he  settled  at  Knox- 
ville, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  for  fifteen  years  was  a  traveling  salesman 
for  a  New  York  hat,  cap  and  fur  house,  and  for  an  additional  fifteen  years  filled 
a  similar  position  for  a  wholesale  gTOcery  house  of  the  same  city.  He  still' lives  in 
the  suburbs  of  Knoxville,  on  a  farm  of  thirty  acres,  upon  which  he  settled  more 
than  forty  years  ago,  clearing  and  improving  the  land  through  the  passing  years. 
Mr.  Short  was  married  July  2,  1845,  to  Mercy  Barker,  a  daughter  of  Albert  and 
Sophronia  (Eastman)  Barker,  of  Homer,  Cortland  county.  New  York.  They  are 
the  parents  of  two  children:  Helen  A.,  wife  of  E.  H.  Bowen,  and  John  G.  In 
early  life  Mr.  Short  served  a  four  years'  apprenticeship  at  the  harness-maker's 
trade,  but  not  liking  the  business,  he  never  followed  it  afterwards.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  held  every 
local  office  in  Knoxville  from  burgess  down. 

Joel  Johnson  was  born  in  Triangle,  Broome  county,  New  York,  August  28, 
1818,  a  son  of  Edward  and  Eoxanna  (Cook)  Johnson.  On  attaining  his  majority 
he  engaged  in  farming  until  1852,  when  he  located  at  Jasper,  Steuben  county,  New 
York,  where  he  operated  a  steam  saw-mill  and  grist-mill  for  three  years.  He  then 
returned  to  Triangle,  Broome  county,  whence  he  removd  in  1863  to  Knoxville, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  .ind  purchased  the  grist  and  saw-mill  property  later 
operated  by  his  son,  Laveme  J.  He  continued  in  this  business  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  November  9,  1893,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years.  In  1888  he 
tore  down  the  old  mill,  erected  in  1825  by  Silas  Billings,  and  built  the  present 
one,  which  is  equipped  with  all  the  modem  improvements  of  mill  machinery.     His 


884  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


wife  was  Caroline  Ives,  of  Guilford,  New  York,  who  bore  him  fcix  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living,  viz:  Frances,  wife  of  0.  H.  Wood;  Leverett  A.,  Alice,  wife  of 
F.  L.  Seoville;  Ida,  wife  of  J.  F.  Goodspeed,  and  Laverne  J.  Mr.  Johnson  was 
an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party,  and  in  religious  faith,  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church. 

Laveene  J.  Johnson,  youngest  son  of  Joel  and  Caroline  Johnson,  was  bom 
in  Triangle,  Broome  county,  'New  York,  February  12,  1861,  and  was  two  yeaxs 
old  when  his  parents  cajne  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  cotmty.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  that  borough,  and  later  Starkey  Seminary,  Yates  county,  New  York,  and 
Elmira  Business  College.  Before  attaining  his  majority,  he  took  charge  of  the 
grist-mill,  purchasing  and  selling  supplies,  and  in.  1883  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  father  and  brother,  which  continued  until  January,  1894,  when  he  became  sole 
proprietor  of  the  mill,  and  managed  it  until  August,  1895.  Mr.  Johnson  was  mar- 
ried February  37,  1889,  to  Cora  J.  lAigg,  a  daughter  of  Anthony  W.  and  Ann 
(Seely)  Lugg,  of  Knoxville,  and  has  two  children,  Glenna  A.  and  Eeed  Laveme. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Bepublican,  and  also  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  one 
of  the  well  known  young  business  men  of  Knoxville,  where  he  now  carries  on  a 
flour  and  feed  store. 

NoAK  EvEEiTT  was  bom  in  Wantage,  Sussex  county,  New  Jersey,  May  4,  1837, 
and  is  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Phoebe  (Tuttle)  Everitt,  who  came  to  Deerfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1870,  where  his  father  engaged  in  farming, 
and  died  in  1874.  Jesse  and  Plioebe  Everitt  were  the  parents  of  four  children  who 
grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Isaac,  Noah,  Jesse  and  Josiah.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  reared  in  his  native  county,  there  received  a  good  common  school  education,  and 
later  taught  school  for  several  years,  but  has  spent  most  of  his  life  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  He  settled  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1866,  purchasing  150 
acres  of  land,  which  he  partially  cleared  and  improved,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
he  operated  a  dairy  of  thirty  cows.  In  1890  he  removed  to  Knoxville,  where  he 
has  since  carried  on  a  grocery,  flour,  feed  and  general  mercantile  business.  In 
1858  Mr.  Everitt  married  Kate  Winfield,  a  daughter  of  Isaiah  aaid  Kate  Winfield, 
of  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  and  has  three  children:  Henry,  Caxrie,  wife  of  Her- 
man Knox,  and  Florence,  wife  of  J.  N.  Losey.  Mr.  Everitt  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  a  stanch  adherent  of  the  Democratic  pajty.  He 
has  filled  various  local  offices  in  Deerfield  township,  and  is  now  recognized  as  one 
of  the  substantial  business  men  of  Knoxville. 

Chestee  Wells  was  bom  in  Binghamton,  New  York,  April  33,  1835,  a  son  of 
Chester  and  Polly  (Sleiter)  Wells.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  and  his  mother  of  Binghamton,  New  York,  where  she  was  bom  in 
1796,  when  that  place  contained  but  two  log  cabins.  She  was  of  French  descent. 
Mr.  Wells  was  reared  in  Binghamton,  and  there  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with 
B.  F.  Scisson,  with  whom  he  remained  seven  years.  In  1851  he  removed  to  Towanda, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  went  into  the  furniture  and  undertaking  business,  and 
carried  on  the  same  until  Jajiuary  1,  1865,  when  he  removed  to  Waverly  New 
York  and  later  to  Addison.  He  followed  the  lumber  business  and  also'  con- 
ducted a  general  store  at  Addison,  remaining  there  between  four  and  five  years 
In  October,  1869,  he  located  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  countv,  where  he  carried  on  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  885 


fiimiture  and  undertaking  business  for  twenty-six  yeajs.  Mr.  Wells  was  married 
October  4,  1849,  to  Margaret  A.  Chambers,  a  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Hannah 
(Simonson)  Chambers,  of  Staten  Island,  who  died  on  January  14,  1894.  Seven 
children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  named  as  follows:  George,  deceased;  Ches- 
ter F.,  a  resident  of  Binghamton;  J.  Stewart,  an  attorney  of  West  Superior,  Wis- 
consin; William  P.,  Edmund  L.,  Helen  C.  and  Mrs.  Grace  Howland.  Mr.  Wells 
died  in  Knoxville,  October  3,  1895,  and  the  business  has  since  been  conducted  by 
his  daughter,  Helen  C.  He  was  a  member  of,  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  ,and  in  politics,  a 
stanch  Democrat.  Upright  and  straightforward  in  all  his  dealings,  he  enjoyed 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  community,  and  was  one  of  the  popular  business 
men  of  Knoxville. 

Charles  A.  Reese,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
30,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  Eev.  Charles  and  Catherine  (Gephart)  Reese,  natives  of 
Lebanon  and  Lancaster  counties,  Pennsylvania,  respectively,  who  were  of  Welsh 
and  German  descent.  His  father  was  a  minister  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  was 
widely  known  throughout  the  State.  Charles  A.  was  reared  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  Bernville  Academy,  Berks  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. From  the  age  of  eleven  to  nineteen  he  clerked  in  a  general  store,  and 
during  the  Rebellion  recruited  thirty-four  men  for  the  Union  army,  which  under 
the  ruling  of  Governor  Curtin  entitled  him.  to  a  captaincy,  but  he  never  applied 
for  the  commission.  In  1860  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  his 
brother.  Dr.  D.  J.  Reese,  now  of  Renovo,  Pennsylvania,  and  attended  one  partial  and 
one  full  course  of  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia.  In 
1863  he  commenced  practice  at  Sinnamahoning,  Cameron  county,  where  he  con- 
tinued for  twelve  years.  In  the  fall  of  1872  he  attended  another  course  of  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1873,  In 
1875  he  located  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  where  for  more  than  twenty-one  years 
he  was  engaged  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Reese  was  married 
August  31,  1864,  to  Alice  M.  Stamp,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Maria  (Fish)  Stamp, 
of  Clinton  county,  Pennsylvania.  They  are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  six  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity.  Their  names  are  as  follows:  Libbie,  wife  of  Eugene 
Wortm.an;  Frajacis  Gurney  Smith,  who  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  the  class  of  1895,  and  is  now  practicing  medicine  in  Coudersport;  Imogene, 
wife  of  Norman  P.  Madison;  Bertie,  deceased;  Allie  M.  and  Eva  M.  In  politics. 
Dr.  Reese  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  was  a  member  of  the  school  board  of  Knox- 
ville for  seven  years.  During  his  residence  in  Cameron  county,  which  is  strongly 
Republican,  he  was  elected  coroner  by  the  largest  majority  ever  given  to  a  candi- 
date for  a  county  office  up  to  that  time.  Against  his  earnest  protest  he  was  re- 
nominated for  a  second  term,  but  used  his  influence  for  his  opponent,  aad  even  then 
was  defeated  by  only  a  small  majority.  While  a  resident  of  Knoxville,  he  enjoyed 
a  good  practice,  and  was  recognized  by  his  medical  brethren  as  one  of  the  able 
physicians  of  the  county.  In  the  spring  of  1897  Dr.  Reese  removed  to  Coudersport, 
where  he  has  since  continued  to  pursue  his  profession. 

John  W.  Fitch,  a  native  of  N"ew  York  state,  and  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Sally 
(Woodcock)  Fitch,  came  in  early  manhood  to  Nelson  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  removing  at  a  later  day  to  Erookfield  to^Tiship,  where  he  purchased 


386  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


a  tract  of  land  and  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  now  owned  by  Fred.  Busli,  which 
he  afterwards  exchanged  for  a  farm  in  the  same  township.  He  resided  in-  Brook- 
iield  upwards  of  forty  years,  and  at  one  time  owned  over  400  acres  of  land  in  that 
part  of  the  coimty.  During  this  period  he  was  extensively  engaged  in  lumbering, 
and  was  an  energetic,  enterprising  citizen.  About  1878  he  located  at  Knoxville, 
where  he  later  embarked  in  general  merchandising,  which  business  he  conducted 
until  his  death,  September  26,  1889,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age.  Mr. 
Fitch  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Minerva  Seeley,  a  daughter  of  Barney 
Seeley,  of  Brookiield  township,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Sally  A.,  who 
married  Henry  Holt;  Charles,  William  G.,  John  E.,  and  Ella,  wife  of  Chauncey 
Keynolds.  His  second  wife  was  Sally  Seeley,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife.  At  one 
time  Mr.  Fitch  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  He  was  a  Eepublicaji,  in  politics, 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Knoxville  council. 

John  E.  Fitch,  son  of  John  W.  and  Minerva  Fitch,  was  bom  in  Brookfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  June  12,  1850.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  township, 
and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  "Woodhull  Academy.  After 
attaining  his  majority,  he  was  engaged  in  farming  for  twelve  years  in  Brookfield, 
and  also  as  a  drover,  buying  and  selling  cattle  for  the  New  York  and  Philadelphia 
markets.  He  lived  in  Brookfield  until  1888,  when  he  removed  to  Knoxville,  where 
he  has  since  been  successfully  engaged  in  general  merchandising.  Mr.  Fitch  was 
married  October  18,  1875,  to  Orcelia  Beagle,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Malvina 
(Kevins)  Beagle,  of  Steuben  county,  ISTew  York,  and  has  one  son,  David  B.,  bom 
March  13,  1880,  also  an  adopted  daughter.  Myrtle.  In  politics,  Mr.  Fitch  is  a 
Eepublican,  has  served  five  years  in  the  borough  council,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Knoxville. 

Chaeles  Lugg  was  born  in  Gloucestershire,  England,  October  11,  1791,  a  son 
of  Eobert  and  Phoebe  (Haley)  Lugg,  the  latter  a  cousin  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  followed  that  business  as  a  vocation  all  his  life.  He 
first  came  to  the  TJnited  States  with  his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and  five  chil- 
dren, in  1830,  and  located  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  later  rented 
a  farm  on  Thorn  Bottom  creek,  one  mile  and  a  half  west  of  Nelson,  on  Beecher's 
Island.  But  being  disappointed  with  the  country,  he  returned  with  his  family  to 
England  in  May,  1831.  In  the  autumn  of  1833  he  again  came  to  Tioga  county, 
settling  on  what  is  known  as  Sober's  Hill,  in  Farmington  township,  where  he  pur- 
chased 100  acres  of  land,  containing  a  log  house  and  barn,  and  about  four  acres 
cleared.  He  subsequently  added  150  acres  to  his  first  purchase,  cleared  up  200 
acres  of  the  tract,  and  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  on  this  farm.  Mr.  Lugg 
was  married  in  England,  by  Eev.  Edward  Mansfield,  August  18,  1818,  to  Mary  Ann 
Chandler,  born  June  30,  1797,  a  daughter  of  James  Chandler,  of  Gloucestershire, 
England,  to  which  union  were  bom  eight  children,  viz:  Sarah,  who  married  Isaac 
C.  Whitehead,  and  for  her  second  husband,  David  Hoyt;  Mary  A.,  who  married 
Alanson  Hoyt;  Eliza,  who  became  the  wife  of  Lewis  Beiver;  Anthony  W.,  Eobert 
S.,  who  married  Eebecca  Bottum;  Caroline,  who  mamed  Enoch  Blackwell;  Eliza- 
beth and  Charles.  Mr.  Lugg  died  January  13,  1874,  aged  eighty-three  years,  and 
his  wife,  March  12,  1873,  aged  seventy-five  years.  Both  were  members  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  for  sixty  years. 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  887 


Anthony  W.  Lugg,  eldest  son  of  Chnxles  and  Mary  A.  Lugg,  was  born  in 
Grloueestersliire,  England,  August  25,  1835,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, with  his  parents  in  1830,  and  again  in  1833.  In  early  manhood  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  he  followed  until  thirty  yeaxs  of  age.  In  October,  1855, 
he  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  which  he  successfully 
continued  there  up  to  1881.  In  1877-78  he  spent  seven  months  in  California 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  in  1881-82  six  months  in  that  State  for  the  same 
purpose.  From  1882  to  1886  he  was  engaged  in  farming  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Farmington  township,  and  in  the  spring  of  the  latter  year  located  at  Knox- 
ville,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  January  29,  1897.  As  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  A.  W.  Lugg  &  Sons,  he  followed  general  merchandising  in  that  borough 
for  more  than  ten  years.  On  February  6,  1851,  Mr.  Lugg  married  Ann  K.  Seely, 
a  daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Lucy  (Kelsey)  Seely,  of  Osceola.  Six  children  were 
the  fruits  of  this  union,  four  of  whom  survive,  viz:  Wayne,  Charles  H.,  Cora,  wife 
of  L.  J.  Johnson,  and  A.  Waldo.  In  polities,  Mr.  liUgg  was  an  advocate  of  pro- 
hibition. While  a  resident  of  Nelson  township,  he  served  twenty-two  years  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace,  being  elected  five  successive  terms.  For  more  than  forty  years 
Mr.  Lugg  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  respected  citizens  of  Knoxville,  a  kind  husband  and  a  good  father. 

Andrew  B.  Hitchcock  was  born  in  Caton,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  May 
15,  1863,  a  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Martha  (Silsbee)  Hitchcock.  His  parents  came  to 
Covington,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1865,  and  later  removed  to  Morris 
Eun,  and  thence  to  Lawrence  township,  where  his  mother  died  in  1887. 
They  had  eight  children,  six  boys  and  two  girls.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Tioga  county  from  the  age  of  two  years,  and  was  educated  in  the  district  schools 
and  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  Pennsylvania.  He  graduated  from 
the  latter  institution  in  1884,  and  commenced  teaching  in  the  fall  of  that  year 
in  the  schools  of  Union  township,  and  the  next  year  was  principal  of  the  schools 
at  Morris  Eun.  In  1886  he  became  principal  of  the  Knoxville  graded  schools  and 
attained  a  front  rank  among  the  educators  of  the  county.  In  1895  he  resigned 
his  position  as  principal  and  purchased  a  general  insurance  business.  Mr.  Hitch- 
cock was  married  August  5,  1891,  to  Ola  AVoodbury,  the  daughter  of  Frederick  and 
Sarah  (Kelly)  Woodbury,  of  Knoxville.  They  have  had  two  children,  Eeed  W. 
and  Howard  F.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  also  of  the 
F.  &  A.  M.  In  politics,  he  is  a  supporter  of  the  Eepublican  party,  and  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  in  February,  1897,  which  ofiice  he  is  now  filling. 

Philip  Eeway  was  bom  in  Chemung  county.  New  York,  September  14,  1823, 
a  son  of  Philip  and  Anna  (Fogel)  Erway,  and  is  of  Irish  and  Dutch  extraction.  He 
remained  in  New  York  state  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  his  education  was 
limited  to  less  than  three  months'  attendance  at  the  common  schools.  In  1840  he 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  found  employment  on  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township  for  three  years.  In  1843  he  purchased  a  tract  of  seventy-five  acres  in 
Chatham  township,  which,  as  time  would  permit,  he  cleared  and  improved,  v.'-ork- 
ing  in  the  lumber  camps  during  the  winter  seasons.  In  the  meantime  he  built 
a  log  cabin  on  his  farm,  in  which  he  kept  "bachelor's  hall"  for  about  two  yeaxs, 
and  lived  there  until  1863,  when  he  exchanged  that  farm  for  another  of  eighty 


888  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

acres,  to  which  he  subsequently  added  fifty  acres  more,  making  a  total  of  130 
acres.  In  1869  he  purchased  another  sixty-acre  tract,  cleared  and  improved  it, 
and  sold  it  in  1882.  He  lived  in  Chathajn  township  until  1886,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Knoxville,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Erway  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Mary  King,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  P.  and  Eleanor  (Spring- 
steel)  King,  of  Chatham  township,  who  bore  him  eight  children,  viz:  Eutsor  P., 
Oscar,  Floyd,  Amos,  Euth,  wife  of  Hiram  Close;  Edgar,  Otis  H.  and  Andrew  G. 
His  second  wife  was  Amy  W.  Marlatt,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Pease) 
Marlatt,  of  Steuben  county,  New  York.  In  politics,  Mr.  Erway  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  is  one  of  the  prosperous,  well  known  and  respected  citizens  of  the  community. 

John  S.  Adams  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  November  13,  1843, 
a  son  of  Elijah  and  Ann  Eliza  (Cressman)  Adams,  and  was  of  English  and  Ger- 
man descent.  In  early  manhood  he  went  to  Pike  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  in  the  fall  of  1881  he  located  in  Galeton,  Potter 
county,  where  he  remained  one  year.  In  October,  1882,  he  removed  to  Gaines, 
Tioga  county,  and  in  partnership  with  Michael  Maloney  embarked  in  the  hotel 
business.  They  greatly  improved  the  moral  siirroundings  of  the  house,  and  proved 
that  a  hotel  on  Pine  creek  could  be  conducted  decently  and  in  order.  He  remained 
there  three  years  and  a  half  in  the  hotel  business,  and  after  one  year's  retirement 
he,  in  April,  1887,  purchased  the  brick  hotel  property  at  Knoxville  since  known 
as  the  Adams  House.  He  soon  built  up  the  reputation  of  the  house,  and  carried 
it  on  successfully  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  October  31,  1893.  Dur- 
ing this  period  he  had  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  leading  business  men 
of  the  borough.  Mr.  Adams  was  married  August  11,  1870,  to  Celestia  Armstrong, 
a  daughter  of  Caleb  and  Louisa  (Gardner)  Armstrong,  of  Otsego  county.  New 
York,  who  became  the  mother  of  three  cliildren,  viz:  Mary  E.,  Charles,  deceased, 
and  Floyd.  He  was  a  prominent  Mason  and  Odd  Fellow;  was  also  connected  with 
the  K.  of  H.,  and  in  politics,  was  a  stanch  Democrat.  Mr.  Adams'  word  was  re- 
garded as  good  as  his  bond,  and  he  was  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best,  landlords 
in  the  history  of  Knoxville.  He  was  kind  and  hospitable,  and  no  needy  person 
ever  went  hungry  from  his  door. 

Chaeles  E.  Beuglee,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Knoxville  Courier,  was 
bom  in  Blairstown  township,  Warren  county  New  Jersey,  March  7,  1855,  a  son 
of  James  and  Susannah  (Konkle)  Brugler.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  Honeywell  Academy.  He 
served  six  years'  apprenticeship  at  the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Blairs- 
town Press,  and  later  was  assistant  foreman  of  the  New  Jersey  Herald,  published 
at  Newton,  New  Jersey,  for  nearly  four  years.  On  November  1,  1889,  he  purchased 
the  plant  of  the  Knoxville  Courier,  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  which  under 
his  management  has  become  one  of  the  leading  papers  in  the  Cowanesque  valley. 
Mr.  Brugler  was  married  April  25,  1877,  to  Eosa  A.  Bunnell,  a  daughter,  of  Henry 
and  Mary  (Lanterman)  Bunnell,  of  Blairstown,  New  Jersey.-  They  are  the  parents 
of  four  children,  as  follows:  C.  Harry,  Lewis  J.,  Milton  A.  and  E.  Bunnell.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Brugler  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  social  affairs,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies. 


BIOGEArHICAL    SKETCHES.  889 


Alonzo  KibbEj  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Harrison  township,  Pot- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania,  April  16,  1856,  a  son  of  Thomas  J.  and  Dorcas  (Cotton) 
Kibbe.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  TJlysses  Academy.  In  1883  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  M.  K. 
Pritchard,  of  Harrison  VaUey,  and  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Maiyland,  March  13,  1885.  The  same  year  he  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Galeton,  Potter  county,  removing  one  year  later  to 
Troupsburg,  where  he  continued  in  practice  for  five  years.  In  April,  1891,  Dr. 
Kibbe  located  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has  since  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  been  twice  maxried.  His  first  wife 
was  Ida  L.  Hurlbut,  of  Harrison  township.  Potter  county.  His  second  wife  was  Anna 
G.  Merrick,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Hannah  (Sears)  Merrick,  of  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  who  has  borne  him  four  children:  Kussell  L.,  Eose  Geraldine, 
Sarah  lone  and  Stewart  E.  Dr.  Kibbe  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  is  connected  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  the  K.  of  H.,  the  I. 
0.  0.  P.  and  I.  0.  E.  M.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  a  member  of  the  board . 
of  health  of  Knoxville.  Since  locating  in  Tioga  county,  he  has  built  up  a  lucrative 
practice  and  attained  a  front  rank  among  the  medical  fraternity  of  this  portion  of 
the  State. 

William  Wass  was  bom  in  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  March  37,  1794,  and 
was  a  son  of  Adam  Wass,  a  native  of  Germany.  He  served  through  the  War  of  1813, 
and  drew  a  pension  from  the  government  for  his  services  in  that  war.  Soon  after 
its  close,  he  removed  to  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  was  married,  and  in  1817 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  settling  in  Deerfield  township,  but  in  1818 
he  removed  to  Chatham  township.  Here  he  cleared  two  large  farms,  and  also  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business,  and  for  forty  years,  during  the  rafting  season,  was  a 
pilot  on  the  Susquehanna  river.  At  the  end  of  each  season  he  walked  home 
from  Columbia,  Pennsylvania,  a  distance  of  200  miles,  making  the  trip  in  four 
days.  He  died  upon  his  farm  in  Chatham  township,  May  19,  1889,  where  he  had 
lived  for  more  than  seventy  years,  and  is  buried  in  Eiverside  Cemetery,  at  Knox- 
ville. His  wife  was  Polly  Humphrey,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Humphrey,  of  Ohio,  who 
bore  him  a  family  of  ten  children,  viz:  George,  Eleanor,  widow  of  Joseph  Palk- 
ner;  John,  Sally  A.,  who  married  Abram  Humphrey;  Harriet,  who  married  A.  D. 
White;  Mary,  wife  of  John  Faulkner;  William,  Alexander,  David  and  Eobert.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Waes  was  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  remembered  as  one  of  the  oldest  citi- 
zens in  the  county  at  the  time  of  his  death,  attaining  the  ripe  old  age  of  over  ninety- 
five  years. 

David  Wass,  son  of  William  Wass,  was  bom  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga 
county.  May  13,  1837,  and  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead  upon  which  he  lived 
until  1890,  when  he  removed  to  Knox\dlle,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is  still 
the  owner  of  the  old  farm,  settled  by  his  father  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century 
ago.  He  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and- lumbering  since  early  manhood,  and 
has  been  quite  successful.  On  May  3,  1874,  he  married  Lucinda  Perry,  a  daughter 
of  Wooster  and  Maria  (Lucas)  Perry,  of  WoodhuU,  Steuben  county,  New  York. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  while  his  wife  is  a  Presbyter- 
ian.   In  polities,  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 


890  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Moses  Insoho,  second  son  of  Obadiah  and  Judith  Inseho,  was  born  April  28, 
1793,  and  was  six  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared 
upon  the  homestead  farm  in  Lawrence  township,  and  in  1825  located  in  Deerfield 
township,  where  he  partially  cleared  and  improved  a  farm.  He  did  considerable 
business  as  a  teamster,  owned  a  saw  mill  and  dealt  in  lumber  to  some  extent.  About 
fifty  years  ago  he  built  the  wooden  bridge  yet  standing  south  of  Knoxville.  On 
January  1,  1818,  he  married  Mary  Seelye,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Lindsley)  Seelye,  pioneers  of  Steuben  county,  New  York.  She  was  born  January 
31,  1793,  and  became  the  mother  of  ten  children,  as  follows:  William  Edwin, 
bom  October  11,1818,  and  died  May  10,  1881;  Eliza  Lindsley,  born  January  15, 
1830,  widow  of  John  0.  Ward;  Hiram,  born  February  24,  1831,  and  died  March 
35,  1896;  Mary  Ann,  born  ISTovember  6,  1832,  who  married  Benoni  Madison,  and 
died  August  10, 1871;  Charlotte  A.,  bom  July  5,  1835,  who  lives  upon  the  old  home- 
stead; Eachel,  born  February  16,  1837;  James  Byron,  born  N"ovember  35,  1838, 
and  died  September  16,  1854;  Micajali  Seelye,  born  November  12,  1830;  Emily  J., 
bom  May  22,  1833,  and  Lucius  C,  bom  December  6,  1834,  and  died  January  8, 
1896.  Mr.  Inseho  died  October  1,  1848,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year,  and  his  wife, 
January  11,  1872,  in  her  seventy-ninth  year.  Their  daughter,  Charlotte  A.,  who 
has  remained  unmarried,  occupies  the  old  homestead,  and  is  the  owner  of  365  acres 
of  land.  Her  history  from  early  girlhood  is  full  of  interest,  and  illustrates  what 
persistent  industry  can  accomplish.  She  started  in  life  with  an  earned  capital  of 
$16,  and  is  to-day  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  Deerfield.  She  carried  on  mer- 
chandising in  Knoxville  for  many  years,  and  is  noted  for  her  sound,  progressive 
business  qualifications  and  sterling  integrity. 

HiHAM  Inscho,  second  son  of  Moses  Inseho,  and  grandson  of  Obadiah  Inseho, 
was  born  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  February  34,  1831,  and  spent  his  entire 
life  in  his  native  coimty  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Lucretia  George,  and  his  second,  Mrs.  Betsy  Glover,  but  he  left 
no  children  by  either  marriage.  He  died  March  25,  1896.  He  was  a  quiet,  retir- 
ing, honest  man,  and  a  good  citizen,  but  never  accumulated  much  of  this  world's 
goods.    In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican. 

MicAJAH  Seelte  Inscho,  son  of  Moses  and  Mary  Inscho,  and  grandson  of 
Obadiah  Inscho,  was  bom  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  November  13,  1830, 
He  was  reared  on  the  Inscho  homestead,  and  attended  the  common  schools  and  Union 
Academy  in  boyhood.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  working  as  a  lumber  pilot 
on  the  Cowanesque  river,  and  followed  the  lumber  business  upwards  of  thirty 
years.  He  also  bought  cattle  and  sheep  for  the  New  York  and  Williamsport  markets 
for  several  years,  and  has  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  farming,  having  re- 
sided in  Westfield  township  since  1878.  In  1858  Mr.  Inscho  married  Charlotte 
Howland,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lucy  (Rexford)  Howland,  of  Steuben  county, 
New  York,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Merrit  F.,  Lucy,  wife  of  Ealph  Skinner, 
and  Mary,  wife  of  Fred  Preston.  In  September,  1863,  he  efilisted  in  Company  A, 
One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged after  a  service  of  ten  months.    In  politics,  Mr.  Inscho  is  a  Republican. 

Capt.  John  Seelte,  though  never  a  resident  of  this  county,  has  numerous 
descendants  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.     He  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut, 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  891 


April  22,  1757,  and  died  in  Lindley,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  January  17,  1813. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Lindsley,  March  9,  1783.  She  was  bom  July  17,  1764,  and 
died  January  25,  1852.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Eleazer  Lindsley,  a  soldier  of 
the  Eevolution  and  a  pioneer  of  Steuben  county,  where  the  town  of  Lindley  was 
named  in  his  honor,  though  a  mistake  was  made  in  the  ofBcial  spelling  of  the 
word,  which  was  intended  to  be  "Lindsley."  Captain  Seelye  and  wife  were  among 
the  honored  pioneers  of  that  locality,  and  reared  the  following  children:  Mahlon, 
Samuel,  Daniel,  Mieajah,  Mary,  Phoebe,  Louise,  A¥illiam,  Eleazer  and  Eliza.  Cap- 
tain Seelye  was  a  prominent  Mason,  and  his  grand-daughter.  Miss  Charlotte  A. 
Inscho,  has  in  her  possession  a  gold  locket  containing  his  portrait,  on  the  back  of 
which  is  carved  the  mystic  symbols  of  the  Masonic  order.  It  is  an  heirloom  highly 
prized  by  its  owner. 

Nathan  Bakee,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1827,  and  in  the  following  year  settled  in  what  is  now  Deerfleld  town- 
ship, on  the  farm  owned  and  occupied  by  his  grandson,  Allen  Baker.  With  the  as- 
sistance of  his  sons,  he  cleared  and  improved  this  farm,  and  resided  there  until  his 
death.  He  died  April  17,  1846,  and  was  interred  upon  the  homestead.  His  wife 
was  Hannah  Wood,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Sally,  who  married  Marvel 
Handy;  Daniel,  Charlotte,  who  married  Jarvis  Freeman;  Ira,  Esther,  who  married 
Hiram  Bostwick;  Nathan,  Hannah,  who  married  Hiram  Swimley;  Perry  and 
Elisha. 

Iea  Bakee,  son  of  Nathan  and  Hannah  Baker,  was  born  in  Otsego  county. 
New  York,  February  26, 1815,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1827.  Soon  after  arriving  at  manliood  he  took  up  and  cleared  a  farm 
in  Chatham  township,  about  a  mile  south  of  the  old  homestead.  Here  he  remained 
until  1852,  when  he  returned  to  the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield,  settled  by  his  father 
in  1828,  and  there  died  September  23,  1894.  He  married  Lydia  Philley,  a  daughter 
of  Luman  and  Eunice  (  Coburn)  Philley,  pioneers  of  Deerfield  township.  Three 
children  were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Laura,  wife  of  Timothy  Hastings;  Allen, 
and  Alta  M.,  wife  of  Welch  Eeynolds.  Mr.  Baker  was  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church,  and  in.  politics,  a  Eepubliean. 

Allen  Bakes,  only  son  of  Ira  and  Lydia  Baker,  was  bom  in  Chatham  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  January  15, 1843,  and  from  nine  years  of  age  was  reared  on  what 
is  known  as  the  Baker  homestead  in  Deeriield  township,  which  he  now  owns  and 
occupies.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  and  has  made  farming  his  life 
vocation.  On  December  24,  1875,  he  married  Hattie  Guile,  a  daughter  of  Alonzo 
and  Mary  J.  (Watkins)  Guile,  of  Deerfield  township,  who  is  the  mother  of  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Edith,  deceased;  Emest  G.,  Blanche  0.  and  Everitt  A.  In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Baker  is  a  Eepubliean;  has  served  as  school  director  of  his  township  four- 
teen years;  is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  influential 
farmers  of  the  community. 

Henet  F.  Daniels,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Broome  county.  New  York,  July  16, 
1817,  a  son  of  George  and  Lydia  (Hoskins)  Daniels,  who  settled  in  Jasper,  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  in  1828.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Hannah,  who  mar- 
ried Edmund  Porter;  Nathan,  Barney,  George  W.,  William,  Leonard,  Lurania, 
who  married  Abram  Freeland;  Ehoda,  who  became  the  wife  of  Amos  Eaymond; 


892  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Henry  F.,  and  Lydia  J.,  who  married  Truman  Kibbe.  In  1832  Henry  P.  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  locating  in  what  is  now  Deerfield  township,  and  in 
1838  he  settled  on  his  present  farm,  most  of  which  he  has  cleared,  and  has  erected 
all  the  buildings  now  thereon.  It  embraces  186  acres.  Mr.  Daniels  married  Esther 
Cloos,  September  37,  1838.  She  is  a  daughter  of  IsTewbury  and  Esther  (Short) 
Cloos,  and  a  grand-daughter  of  Eeuben  Cloos,  pioneers  of  Tioga  county.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Melissa,  Henry  F.,  Mary  J.,  wife  of 
Lueian  A.  Mattison;  Emma,  wife  of  Willard  S.  Carpenter,  and  Jeannette,  wife  of 
Frank  H.  Smith.  Mr.  Daniels  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church,  and  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Heney  p.  Daniels,  Je.,  was  born  in  what  is  now  Deerfield  township,  Tioga 
county,  February  26,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  Henry  P.  Daniels,  Sr.  He  lived  upon 
the  old  homestead  until  he  was  tliirty-two  years  of  age,  when  he  located  upon  the 
farm  of  his  uncle,  Eeuben  Cloos,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He  was  educated 
in  the  Osceola  High  school,  and  the  Union  and  Troupsburg  academies,  and  has 
always  followed  farming  as  an  occupation.  On  July  14,  1866,  he  married  Jerusha 
L.  Van  Dusen,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Jerusha  (Lee)  Van  Dusen,  of  Chatham 
township.  They  have  five  children,  viz:  Ned  J.,  and  Fred  P.,  twins,  the  latter  de- 
ceased; Bertha  E.,  Ben.  B.  and  George  H.  On  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
1863,  Mr.  Daniels  joined  Company  G,  Thirty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Militia,  and  served 
two  months.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  various  local  offices  in 
Deerfield,  including  clerk  and  treasurer,  and  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  Febru- 
ary, 1896.    He  is  a  member  of  the  6.  A.  E.,  the  Grange  and  the  K.  of  H. 

Moses  Lee  was  bom  in  Milford,  Otsego  county,  New  York,  December  32, 
1813,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Hannah  (Butts)  Lee,  and  was  of  English  and 
Dutch  descent.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  was  a  natural  mathematician.  In  middle  life  he  took  up  surveying, 
became  quite  efficient  in  that  profession,  and  did  an  extensive  business.  In  1832, 
when  nineteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  the  balance  of  his  life  was  spent  in  agricultural  pursuits.  A  short 
time  after  his  coming,  his  parents  located  in  Chatham  township.  Their  children 
were  as  follows:  Moses,  James  E.,  Seneca,  Thomas  D.,  Jerusha,  who  married 
Benjamin  Van  Dusen,  and  Maiy,  who  married  Joseph  Walling.  The  sons  cleared 
and  improved  a  farm,  which  is  now  situated  on  the  line  of  Deerfield  and  Chatham 
townships,  and  is  still  in  the  possesion  of  the  family.  Moses  Lee  lived  on  the  home- 
stead until  his  death,  December  10,  1892,  being  then  within  twelve  days  of  eighty 
years  of  age.  His  first  wife  was  Sylvia  Costley,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Orpha 
(Bowen)  Costley,  of  Deerfield  township.  She  was  the  mother  of  four  children,  two 
of  whom-  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Mary,  who  married  William  Wass,  Jr.,  and  Daniel 
H.  They  also  had  an  adopted  daughter,  Jane,  who  married  Lemuel  Jackson.  Mr. 
Lee's  second  wife.  Amy,  a  daughter  of  Abram  Teachman,  resides  in  Chatham  town- 
ship. 

Daniel  H.  Lee  was  bom  on  the  old  Lee  homestead,  in  what  is  now  Deerfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  November  2,  1838,  and  is  the  only  surviving  son  of  Mo«es 
and  Sylvia  Lee.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Alfred  University,  and 
has  always  followed  farming  as  aa  occupation.    He  lived  on  the  old  homestead  until 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  893 


twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  he  purchased  an  adjoining  farm  where  he  resided 
until  1894  and  then  removed  to  Knoxville.  He  married  Armenia  M.  Lee,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Alonzo  and  Almira  (Wright)  Lee,  of  Chatham  township,  and  has  one  son, 
Joseph  H.  In  politics,  Mr.  Lee  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  Pomona  Grange, 
No.  30,  P.  of  H.,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  H. 

Jacob  Peice,  a  New  Jersey  Quaker,  was  a  pioneer  of  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, locating  near  Freeman's  grist  mill',  in  Westfield  township,  where  he  made 
a  clearing  and  erected  a  house,  which  is  still  standing.  He  later  removed  to  what 
is  now  Philips  Station,  in  the  same  township,  where  he  continued  in  agricultural 
pursuits  until  his  death.  He  was  maiTied  three  times.  His  second  wife,  a  Miss 
Baker,  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  and  his  last  wife  bore  him  one  child. 

Samuel  B.  Peice,  a  son  of  Jacob  Price  by  his  second  marriage,  was  bom  in 
Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1819.  He  received  a  good  education,  and  for 
twenty-one  years  followed  school  teaching,  as  well  as  farming,  in  Deerfield  township. 
He  established  Union  Academy,  at  Academy  Comers,  which  he  conducted  for  twenty- 
one  years,  and  was  an  educator  of  considerable  local  celebrity.  His  wife  was 
Sophia  Leonard,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Peninah  (Darrow)  Leonard,  of  West- 
field,  who  bore  him  two  children,  one  of  whom  is  living,  Charles  R.  Mr.  Price  was 
not  only  a  leading  educator,  but  a  prominent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  an  enterprising,  progressive  citizen.  He  was  a  stanch  Republican, 
and  served  one  term  as  superintendent  of  schools  of  Tioga  county.  He  died  in 
1868. 

Chaeles  R.  Peice,  only  surviving  child  of  Samuel  B.  Price,  was  bom  in  Deer- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  February  36,  1856,  and  was  educated  at  Union 
Academy  and  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield.  He  later  taught  school  for  two 
terms,  but  since  1871  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  On  January  19, 1878, . 
he  married  Emma  Mead,  a  daughter  of  Frank  and  Mary  (Phippen)  Mead,  of 
Lawrenoeville,  Tioga  county,  and  has  four  children,  viz;  Earl  P.,  Hugh  S.,  Wayne 
and  Reid.  Mr.  Price  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  also  of 
the  P.  of  H.    In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  a  strong  advocate  of  prohibition. 

Maetin  Bowen,  a  son  of  Elihu  and  Lucy  Bowen,  was  bom  in  Rhode  Island, 
October  9,  1788,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  In  1816  he  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  settled  in  Westfield  township,  later  removed  to  Farmington,  and 
thence  to  Deerfield,  where  he  operated  a  tannery  for  some  years.  He  died  in  Deer- 
field,  June  5,  1858.  His  wife,  Freelove,  was  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Potter,  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz;  Cyrus  P.,  William,  Alma, 
who  married  Joseph  Edson,  and  subsequently  William  Weeks;  Rhoda,  Elihu,  who 
recently  died  in  this  township;  Lucy,  who  married  George  Aldrich;  Freelove  J., 
Ruth,  who  married  Allen  King,  and  Phoebe  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bowen  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Society, of  Friends,  and  died  in  that  faith. 

Elihtj  Bowen,  son  of  Martin  and  Freelove  Bowen,  and  grandson  of  Elihu 
and  Lucy  Bowen,  was  born  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  March  14, 
1819,  and  spent  his  entire  life  in  this  county.  He  was  married  May  37, 
1849,  to  Eliza  Ann  Greene,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Polly  Greene,  of  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  and  settled  on  his  late  homestead  in  Deerfield  township  the  same 
year,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  Pebmary  14,  1896.    His  original  purchase 


894  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

embraced  ninety-seven  acres,  to  which  he  afterwards  added  until  he  owned  a  well- 
improved  farm  of  129  acres.  He  was  the  father  of  four  children,  viz:  Eva  J.,  de- 
ceased wife  of  Elmer  "Wheaton;  Addie  P.,  wife  of  Wallace  Davis,  of  Deerfield;  Lena, 
deceased,  and  Cora  M.,  wife  of  William  Smith,  of  South  Addison,  Ifew  York.  Mrs, 
Bowen  resides  on  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Bowen  was  an  honest  and  respected 
citizen  of  Deerfield,  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Prohibi- 
tionist. 

Joseph  0.  I^bwman  settled  at  Academy  Comers,  Deerfield  township,  Tioga 
county,  in  1855.  He  was  a  blacksmith,  and  followed  his  trade  there  until  1861, 
when  he  removed  to  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county,  where  he  continued  working  at 
his  trade  until  his  death,  in  1871.  His  wife  was  Sarah  A.  Burrows,  of  Otsego 
county.  New  York,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Andrew  J.,  Albert,  Esther, 
wife  of  James  Scott;  Mary,  wife  of  P.  M.  Spicer;  Ferris  L.,  Orlando,  Edward  aad 
Willis. 

Albert  Newman,  second  son  of  Joseph  0.  Fewman,  was  born  in  Otsego  county. 
New  York,  October  8,  1842.  He  attended  school  only  two  terms,  and  was  prac- 
tically reared  in  his  father's  blacksmith  shop,  which  trade  he  has  followed  since 
twelve  years  of  age.  In  1855  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Academy  Comers,  Tioga 
county,  and  in  1861  removed  with  them  to  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county.  In 
Febraary,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  which 
formed  a  part  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
when  not  in  the  field  he  performed  the  duties  of  a  blacksmith.  He  was  in  Sheridan's 
campaign  from  the  Eapidan  to  the  Wilderness,  and  was  in  the  engagements  at 
Cold  Harbor,  Weldon  Eailroad,  Spottsylvania,  Todd's  Tavern,  Eiehmond  Heights, 
Malvern  Hill,  Jerusalem  Plank  Eoad,  Gaines'  Mill,  Petersburg,  and  many  others, 
.  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service,  July  22,  1865.  He  has  been  located 
at  Academy  Comers,  Tioga  county,  since  1867,  where  he  has  carried  on  the  black- 
smithing  trade.  In  1867  he  married  Mrs.  Louisa  Ellis,  nee  Wager,  a  soldier's  widow, 
of  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county,  and  has  one  son  living,  Albert  J.  Politically, 
Mr.  Newman  is  a  Eepublican. 

Oliver  L.  Wood,  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  bom  in  1797,  and  a  son  of  Oliver 
and  Phoebe  (Gregg)  Wood,  came  from  Orange  county.  New  York,  to  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1861,  and  located  on  a  farm  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  his  son,  Joseph,  consisting  of  220  acres.  He  lived  there  imtil  1880, 
then  disposed  of  his  farm  to  his  son,  Joseph,  and  removed  to  Sussex  county.  New 
Jersey,  where  he  died  in  1882,  at  the  age  of  eighty-five  years.  His  children  were 
as  follows:  Absalom  S.,  Oliver  H.,  Phoebe  J.,  wife  of  E.  P.  Masterson;  Mary  A., 
wife  of  Martin  Wilson;  William  C,  Thomas  E.,  Emily,  wife  of  Samuel  Christy,  and 
Joseph. 

Joseph  Wood,  youngest  son  of  Oliver  L.  Wood,  was  bom  in  Orange  county. 
New  York,  April  10,  1846,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  came  with  his  parents  to 
Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Whiteman's  Academy,  Osceola,  and  has  always  made  farming  his 
principal  occupation.  He  owns  and  occupies  the  old  homestead  of  220  acres,  upon 
which  his  father  settled  in  1861,  which  he  purchased  from  the  latter  in  1880,  and 
with  the  exception  of  two  years'  residence  in  Knoxville,  he  has  lived  upon  this  farm 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  g95 


since  coming  to  Tioga  county.  He  has  been  a  breeder  of  Hambletonian  horses, 
and  is  now  interested  in  the  breeding  of  Jersey  cattle,  and  is  also  an  extensive 
tobacco  grower.  Mr.  "Wood  was  married  February  39,  1870,  to  Myrtilla  Wain- 
wright,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Esther  (Everitt)  "Wainwright,  of  Deerfield  town- 
ship, and  has  four  children,  viz:  Fred.  J.,  Perry  L.,  Edna  N.  and  Russell.  In 
politics,  Mr.  "Wood  is  a  Democrat,  is  a  member  of  "V"alley  Grange,  of  Academy 
Corners,  and  Pomona  Grange,  of  "Wellsboro,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  one  of  the  represen- 
tative farmers  of  Deerfield  township. 

Joseph  S.  Ingham  was  born  in  Monroeton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
April  14, 1836,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Johanna  (Blakeley)  Ingham,  natives  of  England, 
who  immigrated  to  Philadelphia  in  1821,  and  in  1835  removed  to  Monroeton.  His 
father  there  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  woolens,  and  also  in  lumbering,  until 
1863,  when  he  settled  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  purchasing  the  woolen 
mills  now  owned  by  his  son,  Joseph  S.  He  continued  in  the  manufacture  of  woolen 
goods  until  his  death,  December  35,  1869,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three  years.  His 
widow  survived  until  August,  1888,  dying  at  the  age  of  eighty-six.  They  reared 
the  following  children:  Martha,  who  died  in  childhood;  Elizabeth,  who  married 
John  G.  Mason;  James  B.,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  September 
17,  1863;  George  "W.,  Henry  H.,  Harriet  A.,  who  married  Warren  Landon;  Joseph 
S.,  Euth  A.,  who  married  Omal  Kellogg;  Cecelia  E.,  second  wife  of  "Warren  Landon, 
and  Alice.  In  religious  belief,  Mr.  Ingham  was  a  follower  of  Swedenborg,  and  in 
politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Eepublican.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Brad- 
ford county,  and  obtained  his  education  in  public  and  private  schools.  He  later 
commenced  clerking  in  a  general  store,  and  in  1858  embarked  in  the  mercantile 
business  at  Monroeton,  Pennsylvania,  but  at  the  end  of  a  year  his  store  was  burned. 
He  then  engaged  as  a  traveling  salesman  for  a  flouring  mill,  at  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1861.  On  August  10th  of  that  year,  he  enlisted  in  the  Fiftieth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  went  to  the  front  as  second  lieutenant  of  Company 
K,  his  brother,  James  B.,  being  captain  of  the  same  company.  In  August,  1863, 
he  was  transferred  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  B,  same  regiment,  and  com- 
manded that  company  until  his  resignation,  in  November,  1863,  on  account  of 
sickness,  doing  the  duty  of  captain  and  drawing  a  captain's  pay.  During  his  term 
of  service  he  was  detailed  as  a  recruiting  officer  until  January,  1863.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Pocotaligo  (where  he  was  in  command  of  the  left  skirmish 
Hne),  Second  Bull  Eun,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  In  1863  he 
came  to  Deerfield  tovmship,  Tioga  county,  with  his  parents,  where  he  has  since 
been  engaged  in  farming,  manufacturing  woolen  goods,  cider  and  jelly.  His  two 
sons  have  been  connected  with  him  in  business  since  1887,  under  the  firm  name  of 
J.  S.  Ingham  &  Sons.  On  November  10,  1863,  Mr.  Ingham  married  Isabella  M. 
Purple,  who  was  bom  May  39, 1839,  in  the  court  house  of  Potter  county,  a  daughter 
of  Ansel  and  Maria  (Howard)  Purple,  of  Deerfield  township.  Her  father  was  a 
pioneer  of  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  the  first  sheriff  of  that  county,  and 
later  settled  at  Purple  Brook,  on  the  line  of  "Westfield  and  Brookfield  townships, 
Tioga  county,  which  place  was  named  in  his  honor.  Mrs.  Ingham  is  the  mother 
of  two  sons,  Daniel  P.  and  Ansel  Grant.  The  former  married  Nellie  Howland,  and 
has  one  son,  Lawrence.    Ansel  Grant  married  E.  May  Dunham,  of  Knoxville.    Mr. 


896  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Ingham  is  ,a  staacli  Eepublican,  has  filled  the  oface  of  auditor  of  Deerfield  for 
seventeen  years  and  is  at  present  holding  that  position.  He  has  cleared  up  the 
township  debt  twice,  and  thus  proven  himself  a  good  financier.  He  was  transcribing 
clerk  of  the  House  during  the  legislative  sessions  of  1874-75.  He  is  a  Eoyal  Arch 
Mason,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  K.  of  H.  and  the  Grange.  In 
the  summer  of  1896  he  developed  on  his  land  one  of  the  finest  stone  quarries  in 
the  county,  for  the  product  of  which  there  is  considerable  demand  in  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania. 

William  L.  Meekick  was  bom  in  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  father, 
Moses  Merrick,  was  an  early  settler  of  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  where 
William  L.  was  reared  to  manhood  and  partially  cleared  a  farm.  He  later  removed 
to  Chatham  township,  where  he  died  in  1887,  aged  seventy  years.  His  wife  was 
Caroline  Whitney,  a  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Whitney,  of  Middlebury  township,  Tioga 
county.  They  reared  five  children,  as  follows:  Fidelia,  who  married  Erastus  Rice; 
Wheeler  0.,  Bradford  W.,  E.  Moses,  who  died  from  wounds  received  at  the  battle 
of  Cold  Harbor,  and  Eannie,  wife  of  Ira  Mourey.  Mr.  Merrick  and  wife  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat. 

Beadfoed  W.  Meeeick,  son  of  William  L.  Merrick,  was  bom  in  Middlebury 
township,  Tioga  county,  March  19,  1842.  He  was  reared  in  this  county,  and  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  common  schools.  On  August  4,  1862,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  after  nine  months'  service.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  re-enlisted 
in  Company  C,  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in 
August,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville, 
and  all  of  the  engagements  of  the  final  campaign  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
ending  with  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox.  Prom  the  close  of  the  war  until 
his  death  Mr.  Merrick  was  engaged  in  famaing  in  Deerfield  township.  In  1866 
he  married  Emily  E.  Howland,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lucy  (Rexford)  Howland, 
of  Chatham  township,  who  bore  him  three  children:  Philip  H.,  Fred.  J.  and  Daniel 
W.  Mr.  Merrick  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  K.  of 
H.  and  the  Grange.    He  died  June  1,  1896,  from  diseases  contracted  in  the  army. 

William  Wagnee  was  born  in  Steuben  county,  ISTew  York,  December  23,  1842, 
a  son  of  Inglehart  and  Christina  (Collier)  Wagner,  and  is  of  German  and  English 
extraction.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Abraham  Wagner,  was  a  native  of  Germany, 
and  a  pioneer  of  Steuben  county.  William  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  on  attaining  his  majority  clerked  in  a  store, 
and  later  engaged  in  farming  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has 
resided  since  1870.  In  May,  1868,  he  married  Maria  Howland,  a  daughter  of  Eddy 
and  Charlotte  (Rexford)  Howland,  of  Deerfield  township,  and  has  one  son  living, 
Eddy  H.  The  latter  has  developed  a  rare  taste  for  Indian  and  ancestral  relics, 
and,  although  but  sixteen  years  of  age,  has  gathered  a  collection  to  be  proud  of. 
Mr.  Wagner  resides  with  his  wife  and  son  on  the  Eddy  Howland  homestead.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  held  the  ofiice  of  school  director  nine  years.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  a  charter  member  of  the  Grange  organized  at 
Academy  Comers  in  1889. 

Ebbnezee  a.  Bean  was  born  in  Centreville,  Allegany  county,  New  York, 


^^.^r    <v^n>^jp/^^^^^«-*'^ 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  "^     897 


April  10,  1844,  a  son  of  Orson  and  Clara  (Van  Buren)  Bean.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  coimty,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  On  August  9,  1863,  when 
but  eighteen  jears  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth 
New  York  Volunteers,  from  which  he  was  transferred  with  his  regiment,  in  July, 

1863,  to  the  First  New  York  Dragoons.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Deserted 
Farm,  near  Black  Water,  Virginia,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  hand,  losing 
his  thumb,  and  also  in  other  engagements,  and  was  honorably  discharged  April  1, 

1864.  He  then  engaged  in  farming  in  Allegany  county.  New  York,  until  1875, 
when  he  removed  to  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  For  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  operated  a  cheese  factory  in  Deer- 
field,  and  a  similar  factory  in  Austinburg,  for  twelve  y^ars.  These  factories  have 
a  combined  annual  product  of  200,000  pounds.  Since  the  spring  of  1895  he  has 
operated  the  West  Farmington  Cheese  Factory,  in  Farmington  township.  Its  annual 
output  is  70,000  pounds.    Mr.  Bean  was  married  May  18,  1890,  to  Abbie  C.  Knox, 

,a  daughter  of  Archibald  D.  and  Julia  A.  (White)  Knox,  of  Deerfield  township.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  also  of  Lafayette  Hose  Company,  of  Knoxville,  and 
in  politics,  is  a  Republican. 

William  A.  jACKSOisr,  son  of  Asa  and  Mary  Jackson,  was  bom  in  Sullivan 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  1, 1833,  and  grew  to  manhood  on  his 
father's  farm,  his  parents  being  pioneer  settlers  of  that  township.  He  was  married 
December  30,  1856,  to  Susan  Slocum,  bom  August  1,  1838,  in  Dutchess  county, 
New  York,  a  daughter  of  John  P.  and  Eliza  T.  Slocum,  who  settled  in  Chatham 
township,  Tioga  county,  about  1843,  on  the  farm  where  Mrs.  Jackson  now  resides. 
After  his  marriage,  Mr.  Jackson  resided  in  Shippen  township  three  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Chatham  township,  where  he  followed  farming  until  his  death,  Oc- 
tober 23,  1891.  Seven  children  were  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackson,  viz:  Henry  C, 
a  resident  of  Deerfield  township;  Anna  E.,  wife  of  David  Short;  Lewis,  deceased; 
Lelia,  A.,  wife  of  Frank  Husted;  Wilbur  A.,  of  Deerfield  township;  Tyna  B.,  wife 
of  Fred.  Walker,  and  Delia  M.  During  the  war  Mr.  Jackson  served  as  a  corporal 
in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  partici- 
pating with  his  regiment  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  but  was  paroled  on  the  field.  In  politics,  he 
was  a  Eepublican,  and  was  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  the  K.  of  H. 

Henet  C.  Jackson,  eldest  son  of  William  A.  Jackson,  was  born  in  Shippen 
township,  Tioga  county,  N"ovember  18, 1857.  When  about  two  years  old  his  parents 
removed  to  Chatham  township,  where  he  was  reared  to  manhood,  obtaining  a 
common  school  education.  He  engaged  in  fanning,  and  also  kept  a  hotel  at  Academy 
Comers  four  years.  Since  1881  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Deerfield  township.  In 
1880  he  married  Ellen  Mattison,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Betsey  (Cooper)  Mat- 
tison,  of  Chatham  township,  and  has  one  daughter,  Ethel  R.  In  politics,  Mr.  Jack- 
son is  a  Republican;  has  served  as  township  supervisor  two  terms;  as  constable 
six  years,  and  as  collector  four  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of 
the  I.  0.  R.  M. 

John  B.  Bfsh  was  bom  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  March  36,  1836, 
a  son  of  Peter  and  Julia  ( Joard)  Bush,  both  natives  of  Canada  and  of  French  descent. 
His  paternal  grandfather  was  Jacques  Bush,  and  his  maternal  grandfather  was 
57 


898  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Francis  Joard,  both  natives  of  France.  His  parents  located  in  Granville,  Wash- 
ington county,  New  York,  in  1847.  His  father  served  in  the  Union  army  one  year 
during  the  Eebellion,  enlisting  at  Fairfax,  Vermont.  He  died  in  a  hospital  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  of  disease  contracted  in  the  service,  and  is  buried  at  Fairfax. 
His  mother  was  born  July  13,  1809,  in  St.  Ours,  Canada;  came  to  Brookfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  in  1866,  where  she  remained  until  1885,  then  returned  to 
Canada,  and  died  at  the  residence  of  her  daughter  in  1890.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  reared  in  Granville,  New  York,  from  the  age  of  eleven  years.  After 
attaining  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  spent  three  winter  terms  in  a  country  school,  which 
was  all  the  educational  advantages  he  ever  received.  In  1857  he  came  to  Brookfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  rented  a  farm  one  year.  In  1858  he  purchased 
108  acres  of  land  which  he  cleared  and  improved,  and  still  owns,  and  subsequently 
added  thereto  105  acres  adjoining.  He  later  purchased  two  farms  of  fifty  acres 
each  in  the  same  township.  He  resided  in  Brookfield  until  1887,  when  he  pur- 
chased the  Emmer  Bowen  farm,  in  Deerfield  township,  consisting  of  250  acres, 
for  which  he  paid  $10,500,  and  upon  which  he  has  since  lived.  During  the  Ee- 
bellion  he  was  drafted,  and  went  to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  with  the  intention 
of  joining  his  regiment,  but  for  family  reasons  subsequently  sent  a  substitute.  In 
1886  he  built  a  grist-mill  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  at  an  expense  of  $10,000, 
which  he  operated  one  year  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Eichardson  &  Bush,  when  he 
sold  out.  The  mill  was  burned  in  1891.  Mr.  Bush  was  married  in  1857,  to  Sarah 
Kilburn,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Sophia  (Burch)  Kilburn,  of  Brookfield  township, 
and  has  four  children  living,  viz:  Florence  E.,  wife  of  Samuel  Ludlam;  Julius 
Edgar,  Sarah  Ethel  and  Zadie  Evangeline.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bush  is  a  Eepublican, 
has  filled  various  local  oflS^ces,  and  is  a  member  of  Valley  Grange. 

Charles  Metcalf  was  born  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  1838,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Hanna  (Terwilliger)  Metcalf,  pioneers  of 
Brookfield.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  that  township,  and  then  located  in  Har- 
rison township.  Potter  county,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  upon  which 
he  resided  until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  forty-three  years.  His  wife,  Cornelia,  was 
a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Polly  (Young)  Manchester,  of  Westfield  township,  Tioga 
county.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz:  Esther,  wife  of  Henry  Eood; 
James,  Justus,  Daniel  P.,  Lydia,  Polly,  wife  of  Charles  Stephens,  and  Zoa,  wife  of 
Eufus  Camp. 

Daniel  P.  Metcalf,  son  of  Charles  Metcalf,  was  born  in  Harrison  township. 
Potter  county,  July  30,  1861,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  Starkey 
Seminary,  and  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  He  has  followed  farming  as 
an  occupation,  devoting  considerable  attention  to  tobacco  growing.  Since  1870 
he  has  been  a  resident  of  Tioga  county,  and  has  lived  in  Deerfield  township  since 
1888,  where  he  owns  a  fine  tobacco  farm  of  126  acres,  known  as  the  Eleazer  Seely 
farm.  Mr.  Metcalf  was  married  August  12,  1896,  to  Caroline  M.  Wood,  a  daughter 
of  Oliver  H.  Wood,  of  Deerfield  township.  He  is  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.;  is  a 
Eepublican  in  politics;  has  held  various  local  offices,  and  is  now  the  assessor  of  Deer- 
field township. 

Samuel  Ludlam  was  born  in  Eoseboom,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  January 
30,  1859,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Martha  (Barber)  Ludlam,  natives  of  Derbyshire, 


BI06HAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  899 


England,  who  came  to  the  United  States  about  1835,  and  located  in  Otsego 
county,  New  York,  where  the  father  engaged  in  farming.  In  1867  he  removed  to 
Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  purchased  a  farm,  and  resided  thereon  up  to 
his  death,  January  27,  1884,  aged  seventy-six  years.  His  wife  died  February  4, 
1883,  aged  seventy  years.  They  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz:  Mary  A., 
wife  of  Joseph  Webb;  Martha,  wife  of  George  Neal;  Henry,  who  died  of  disease 
while  a  soldier  in  the  late  war;  George,  John,  Lucy,  wife  of  George  Wingate; 
Elizabeth,  deceased;  Thomas  and  Samuel.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  seven 
years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  has  always  followed  farming 
as  an  occupation.  He  lived  in  Charleston  township  from  1866  to  1884,  and  then 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  Osceola,  later  went  to  Nelson,  and  in  1890 
located  upon  his  present  farm  in  Deerfield,  which  he  purchased  in  1893.  Mr. 
Ludlam  has  been  twice  married.  His  iirst  wife  was  Huldah  Monroe,  a  daughter 
of  Levi  G.  and  Cynthia  (Pease)  Monroe,  of  Potter  county,  whom  he  married  June 
17,  1886,  and  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Lewis  L.,  Lawrence  and  Laura, 
the  last  two  being  twins.  His  second  wife,  whom  he  married  April  3,  1893,  was 
Florence  E.  Bush,  a  daughter  of  John  B.  and  Sarah  (Kilburn)  Bush,  of  Deerfield. 
Mr.  Ludlam  is  a  member  of  the  Grange,  in  politics,  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the 
office  of  township  auditor. 

Henet  Cubban  was  born  in  Chanceford,  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  March 
jO,  1807,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Curran.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
snd  about  1838  came  to  Tioga  county,  where  he  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  and 
in  the  spring  rafted  lumber  down  the  Susquehanna  to  his  home.  On  October  13, 
1830,  he  married  Mrs.  SaUy  Parker,  a  daughter  of  David  Short,  a  pioneer  of  Deer- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  and  the  same  year  settled  on  his  wife's  farm  in 
Chatham  township.  He  cleared  and  improved  it,  and  resided  there  until  his  death, 
October  6, 1855.  Ten  children  were  born  of  his  marriage  to  Mrs.  Parker,  as  follows: 
Elias,  Margaret,  who  married  W.  W.  Beach;  Melissa,  who  married  Orange  G.  John- 
son; Ira,  Ann,  who  married  Samuel  M.  Strawn;  Emily  A.,  who  married  Benjamin 
F.  Westbrook;  George  W.,  Clarissa,  wife  of  Samuel  P.  King;  Esther,  wife  of  C. 
E.  Beach,  and  Henry. 

Geoege  W.  Ctjeean,  son  of  Henry  Curran,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in 
Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  July  33,  1844,  obtained  a  common  school  educa- 
tion, and  resided  on  the  home  farm,  which  he  still  owns,  until  1891.  In  that  year 
he  removed  to  Knoxville.  He  has  always  followed  farming  as  a  vocation,  and  for 
eight  years  made  cattle  droving  a  specialty,  buying  for  the  lower  Pennsylvania 
markets.  Besides  the  old  homestead  of  113  acres,  he  also  owns  a  100-acre  farm 
adjoining.  He  served  in  Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Port  Steadman  and  Petersburg,  his 
company  being  in  the  front  line  during  the  latter  engagement.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  June  5,  1865.  Mr.  Curran  married  Hattie  M.  Westbrook,  a  daughter 
of  George  and  Lovisa  (Taylor)  Westbrook,  of  Middlebury  township,  September  1, 
1867.  After  the  death  of  Elias  Curran  and  wife,  they  reared  and  educated  his 
brother's  three  children,  viz:  Frankie  M.,  wife  of  Frank  C.  Teaehman;  Samuel,  and 
Nettie,  wife  of  George  H.  Bloom.  They  have  also  an  adopted  son,  Fred.  In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Curran  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.  and  the  G.  A.  E. 


900  .  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Benjamin  Van  Dusen  was  born  in  Maryland,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  in 
1806,  a  son  of  Jacob  Van  Dusen,  whose  ancestors  were  natives  of  Holland.  He 
grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  and  came  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831,  took  up  150  acres  of  land,  which  he  cleared  and  im- 
proved, and  resided  there  until  1869.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Cattaraugus 
county.  New  York,  where  he  died  soon  after  at  the  age  of  sixty-three.  His  wife 
was  Jerusha  Lee,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Hannah  (Butts)  Lee,  of  Chatham  town- 
ship. Daniel  Lee  was  a  Eevolutionary  soldier  and  a  relative  of  the  Lee  family  of 
Virginia.  She  bore  him  a  family  of  ten  children,  viz:  Clarissa,  Emily,  who  married 
Morris  Seeley;  Daniel,  Jacob,  Charles  H.,  Mary,  wife  of  William  Townsend;  Ben- 
jamin, Jerusha, wife  of  H.  P.  Daniels;  James  and  Amelia,  wife  of  Frank  Godfrey. 

Chaklbs  H.  Van  Dtjsen,  son  of  Benjamin  Van  Dusen,  was  bom  on  the  old 
homestead  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  August  35,  1837.  He  received 
a  good  common  school  education,  and  taught  school  one  term  in  Charleston  town- 
ship. He  clerked  for  two  years  in  a  store  at  Wellsboro.  In  October,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  C,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
from  the  service  in  June,  1863.  On  his  return  home  he  engaged  in  farming  in 
Chatham  township,  which  business  he  still  continues,  though  he  has  resided  in 
Knoxville  borough  since  1893.  Mr.  Van  Dusen  married  Sallie  A.  Owlett,  a  daughter 
of  Gilbert  B.  and  Martha  (Pope)  Owlett,  of  Chatham  township,  January  17,  1866, 
and  has  three  children:  Kate,  wife  of  Eugene  Sprague;  Claribel,  wife  of  Harley  R. 
Pride,  and  Mary.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Van  Dusen  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Republican.  He  has  held  nearly  all  the  minor  o;ffices 
of  both  Chatham  and  Deerfield  townships,  and  is  connected  with  the  P.  of  H.,  K.  of 
H.,  and  the  G.  A.  R. 

WESTFIELD    TOWNSHIP    AND    BOEOUGH. 

Jonathan  Seamans,  a  native  of  Foster,  Providence  county,  Rhode  Island, 
born  April  19,  1794,  was  a  son  of  Israel  Seamans,  and  a  grandson  of  Thomas  Sea- 
mans,  who  served  as  a  major  in  the  Revolution.  Jonathan  came  to  Westfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1817,  and  settled  on  land  now  owned  by  Hol- 
lister  Baker,  in  Westfield  borough.  In  1848  he  removed  to  the  land  still  owned 
by  his  sons,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  August  15,  1867. 
He  married  Rebecca  Tuttle,  September  38,  1819.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Ayers 
Tuttle,  who  fought  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  was  bom  in  Catherine, 
Tompkins  county.  New  York,  May  16,  1803.  She  came  with  her  parents  to  what  is 
now  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1809,  where  she  resided  up  to  her  death, 
September  16,  1873.  Thirteen  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  twelve  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Polly  R.,  who  married  Levi  Scott;  Eliza  P.,  who 
married  William  Morris;  Hannah  L.,  who  married  Aurora  Streeter;  Israel  A., 
William  Orville,  Eli  B.,  Chloe  L.,  who  married  John  Potter;  Lorania  L.,  who  mar- 
ried Frank  Cowles;  Sheldon  Alonzo,  Loren  B.,  John  M.  and  Milo  P.  The  family  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  in  the  county,  and  are  eamest  supporters  of  the 
principles  and  measures  of  the  Republican  party.  Numerous  descendants  of 
Jonathan  Seamans  are  living  in  Tioga  county,  and  many  of  them  are  among  the 
enterprising  citizens  of  the  community  which  he  helped  to  found. 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  901 


William  Oeville  Seamans,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Eebeeca  Seamans,  was  born 
in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  May  6, 1839,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  the 
same.  He  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  of  seventy  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative farmers  of  his  native  township.  On  April  17,  1853,  he  married  Julett 
Thompson,  a  daughter  of  Demarous  L.  and  Philadelphia  (Rowell)  Thompson,  of 
"Westfield.  Her  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  and  wa^  stationed  at 
Saekett's  Harbor.  Her  grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Seamans  are  among  the  well-known  people  of  Westfield,  and  give  an  earnest  support 
to  every  worthy  object.    In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Eli  B.  Seamaks,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Eebeeca  Seamans,  was  bom  in  West- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  August  33,  1831,  was  reared  upon  the  homestead 
farm,  and  attended  the  public  schools  in  boyhood.  On  attaining  his  majority  he 
engaged  in  farming,  and  owns  fifty  acres  of  his  father's  farm,  and  100  acres  ad- 
ditional, most  of  which  he  has  cleared  and  improved.  In  April,  1861,  he  enlisted 
for  the  Three  Months'  service,  in  the  famous  Bucktail  regiment,  and  on  May  3,  of 
the  same  year,  he  re-enlisted  for  three  years,  in  Company  A,  of  the  same  regiment, 
known  as  the  First  Pennsylvania  Eifies.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Drainsville, 
Mechanicsville,  Gaines'  Mill,  Savage  Station,  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  Charles  City 
Cross  Eoads,  and  was  wounded  in  the  last  engagement,  in  three  places,  June  30, 
1863.  He  was  there  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  Libby  prison.  After  four  months 
he  was  paroled  and  sent  to  Davis  Island  Hospital,  where  he  remained  four  months, 
and  was  then  detailed  for  garrison  duty  at  Fort  Hamilton,  and  assisted  in  putting 
down  the  New  York  riots  of  July,  1863.  In  September,  1863,  he  rejoined  his  regi- 
ment at  Culpepper,  Virginia,  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Mine  Eun,  Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  and  Bethesda  Church.  On  June  14,  1864,  he  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  re- 
turned to  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  Mr.  Seamans  was  married  July  3,  1865,  to 
Maria  McMines,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Olive  (Tubbs)  McMines,  of  Westfield, 
who  has  borne  him  four  children:  Jennie,  William,  Albert  and  Justus.  Mr.  Sea- 
mans is  a  member  of  Babeock  Post,  No.  358,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield,  and  in  politics, 
lie  is  a  Eepublican.  , 

Sheldon  Alonzo  Seamans,  fourth  son  of  Jonathan  and  Eebeeca  Seamans, 
was  born  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  February  15,  1839.  He  grew  to 
manhood  beneath  the  parental  roof,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  He  has  been  engaged  in  farming  since  attaining  his  majority,  and  owns 
and  occupies  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  cleared  and  improved  by  his  father.  For 
upwards  of  thirty  years  he  has  also  followed  lumbering  in  connection  with  farming. 
From  1857  to  1865,  he  was  connected  with  the  leading  lumber  firm  of  Salamanca, 
New  York,  but  since  the  latter  year  he  has  resided  permanently  on  his  farm.  Mr. 
Seamans  was  married  December  3,  1867,  to  Susan  G.  Boileau,  a  daughter  of  Daniel 
E.  and  Betsey  Boileau,  of  Centre  county,  Pennsylvania.  They  are  the  parents  of  two 
children:  Daniel  Eay,  and  Edna  Eebeeca.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has 
held  various  local  offices  in  his  township.  He  is  a  member  of  Eulalia  Grange,  No. 
1088,  of  Westfield,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  and  enterprising  citizens 
of  the  community. 

Stephen  Pottee,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  bom  in  1789,  came  to  Tioga 


902  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTT. 


county,  Pennsylvania,  in  company  with  a  party  of  settlers  from  his  State,  in  1817, 
and  later  cut  a  road  through  the  forest  from  the  site  of  Westfield  borough  to  that  of 
Potter  Brook.  Here  he  located  in  1818,  and  cleared  a  farm  of  135  acres.  The  vil- 
lage of  Potter  Brook  stands  on  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  the  remaining  thirty- 
five  acres  being  owned  by  his  son,  George  W.  Mr.  Potter  was  a  stonemason  and 
bricklayer,  and  followed  that  business  for  many  years.  It  is  said  that  he  laid  every 
stone  in  the  front  portion  of  the  court  house  at  WeUsboro.  He  learned  his  trade  in 
Ehode  Island,  serving  seven  years'  apprenticeship.  He  married  Matilda  Aldrich, 
to  which  union  were  born  the  following  children:  Sarah  Ann,  who  married  Charles 
H.  Metcalf;  Elizabeth,  who  married  David  Taylor;  Stephen,  who  married  Olive 
"Wood;  Jonathan,  who  married  Hannah  Brooks;  Mary  Adelcy,  who  rdarried  I.  C. 
Thompson;  Matilda,  who  married  Calvin  Brooks;  William,  who  remained  single; 
John,  who  married  Chloe  Seamans;  George  W.,  a  resident  of  "Westfield  township, 
and  Benjamin  Franklin,  who  married  Amanda  Mack,  entered  the  Union  army,  and 
died  in  Andersonville  prison.  Mr.  Potter  was  a  member  of  the  Free  "Will  Baptist 
church,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Eepubliean  party.  He  died  April  9,  1875,  in  his 
eighty-seventh  year.  His  wife  died  August  36,  1874,  in  the  eighty-second  year  of 
her  age. 

Geoege  W.  Pottee,  the  only  surviving  son  of  Stephen  and  Matilda  Potter, 
was  born  on  the  homestead  at  Potter  Brook,  Tioga  county,  February  14,  1835,  and 
obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Union  Academy.  On  at- 
taining his  majority,  he  worked  for  a  short  time  at  the  mason's  trade,  and  afterwards 
worked  as  a  carpenter  for  fifteen  years.  He  next  engaged  in  farming,  and  has 
since  operated  a  planing,  shingle,  feed  and  carding-mill.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  was  confined  in  Libby  prison  about  one 
month.  From  there  he  was  sent  to  Camp  Parole,  Annapolis,  Maryland,  where  he 
remained  some  five  months,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Harrisburg  after  ten 
months'  service.  Mr.  Potter  has  been  married  three  times.  His  first  wife  was  Mary 
L.  Mulford,  a  daughter  of  Edward  Mulford,  whom  he  married  January  1,  1869. 
She  bore  him  three  children:  ISTewell,  Eddie  and  Frank,  and  died  July  13, 1883.  His 
second  wife  was  Emma  E.  Baker,  a  daughter  of  Harrison  Baker,  whom  he  married 
January  1,  1885.  She  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Lena,  Leon  and 
IN'ellie.  He  was  again  married  July  20,  1895,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Ordiway,  widow  of 
John  Ordiway,  and  a  daughter  of  Edwin  Manning.  She  has  one  daughter  by  her 
former  marriage,  Ola  Ordiway,  now  eighteen  years  of  age.  Mr.  Potter  is  a  Eepub- 
liean, in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E. 

James  King,  Se.,  a  pioneer  of  AVestfield  tovmship,  Tioga  county,  and  a  son  of 
James  and  Ehoda  (Allen)  King,  was  born  in  Providence,  Ehode  Island,  March  38, 
1765.  His  father  was  bom  in  December,  1731,  and  died  December  16,  1818.  The 
family  traces  its  ancestry  back  to  James  King,  who  came  from  England  to  America 
and  settled  in  Ehode  Island.  His  son  James  married  a  Miss  Clark,  and  reared  two 
sons  and  several  daughters.  The  sons  were  David  and  James.  The  former  never 
married,  but  James  married  Ehoda  Allen,  and  reared  seven  children,  as  follows: 
Keziah,  Ehoda,  Phoebe,  James,  Sarah,  Amy  and  Eachel.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  settled  on  the  farm  in  "Westfield  borough,  now  owned  by  C.  E.  Krusen,  in 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  903 


1835.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  property  and  at  his  death  was  buried  thereon. 
He  introduced  and  used  the  first  cow  stancheons  in  the  county,  and  was  quite  a  pros- 
perous farmer.  He  married  Eoby  Howland,  born  March  9,  1769,  who  became  the 
mother  of  thirteen  children,  viz:  Prince,  Allen,  Eddy,  Ozial  H.,  Sarah,  who  married 
Christopher  Sayles;  John,  James,  Keziah,  who  married  Joel  Crandall;  Willaxd 
H.,  Hannah,  who  married  Stephen  Partello;  Eoby,  who  married  James  Calkins; 
Adriel  and  Almon.  There  was  also  a  half  brother,  Stephen,  who  was  older  than 
Prince.  Mr.  King  died  November  13,  1844,  in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age,  and 
his  wife,  Eoby,  November  3,  1836,  in  her  sixty-eighth  year. 

Peince  King,  eldest  son  of  James  and  Eoby  (Howland)  King,  was  born  in  Bur- 
rUlville,  Providence  county,  Ehode  Island,  June  30,  1789.  In  1815  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1831  settled  on  Jemison  creek,  in  Westfield 
township.  Here  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  upon  which  he  died  October  14, 
1871,  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years.  He  married  Sally  Seelye,  a  daughter  of  Eben- 
ezer  Seelye,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier  and  a  pioneer  of  Deerfield  township.  She  was 
bom  May  4,  1800,  the  first  white  female  child  bom  in  Deerfield,  and  died  April  38, 
1845.  Ten  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  James,  Allen,  Julius  S.,  Eoby, 
who  married  Eufus  A.  Stanton;  Ozial  H.,  Ebenezer,  deceased;  Friendship  P.,  who 
married  Squire  Southworth;  Mary  S.,  who  married  Ethan  Taft,  and  died  May  26, 
1894,  in  Midland,  Michigan;  Prince  W.  and  "Willard  A.  Mr.  King  was  a  carpenter, 
and  followed  his  trade  in  connection  with  farroing.  Originally  a  Democrat,  he 
was  a  Eepublican  from  the  organization  of  that  party.  He  was  called  upon  many 
times  to  fill  various  township  ofi&ces,  and  was  drawn  as  a  jur5rman  in  the  courts  at 
Wellsboro  twenty-one  years  in  succession.  Mr.  King  was  a  great  bible  student,  led 
an  exemplary  life,  and  was  highly  respected  by  his  friends  and  neighbors. 

James  King  was  bom  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  April  9,  1820,  a 
son  of  Prince  King,  and  grandson  of  James  King,  Sr.  His  parents  removed  to 
Westfield  township  the  year  after  his  birth,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  In  1842 
he  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  sons,  Lorenzo  K.  and  Aaron  P.,  cleared 
and  improved  it,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  April  4,  1894.  He  married 
Louisa  Hoover,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  J.  Hoover.  Her  parents  settled  in 
Westfield  township  in  1833,  where  her  father  died  in  February,  1841,  and  her 
mother  in  June,  1847,  aged  sixty-three  and  sixty-six  years,  respectively.  Mrs.  King 
became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Sally  J.,  who  married  Alexander  Lattimer; 
Amelia,  who  married  Seth  Tremain;  Adelia,  who  married  G.  H.  Tremain  (Amelia 
and  Adelia  were  twins);  Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Charles  T.  Boom;  Ehadetska,  Lorenzo 
K.  and  Aaron  P.  Mrs.  King  died  November  15,  1893,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 
Politically,  Mr.  King  was  a  Eepublican  from  the  organization  of  that  party,  prior 
to  which  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  held  various  local  ofiices  in  the  township.  He 
was  one  of  the  well-known  mechanics  and  bridge  builders  of  "Westfield. 

Ehadetska  King,  son  of  James  and  Louisa  King,  was  bom  on  the  homestead 
farm,  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  January  18, 1850,  and  obtained  a  common 
school  education.  He  is  a  natural  mechanic,  and  has  followed  carpentering,  bridge 
building,  and  railroad  contracting,  in  connection  with  farming.  He  has  resided 
on  his  present  farm  since  1870,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  citizens  of  the  town- 
ship.   He  married  Mary  E.  Boom,  a  daughter  of  John  P.  Boom,  of  Knoxville,  Tioga 


904  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


county.  Five  children  were  born  to  this  union,  three  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Ef- 
fie,  wife  of  Byron  Havens;  Jay  and  Bix  Gilbert.  In  politics,  Mr.  King  is  a  Kepub- 
lican,  and  is  one  of  the  progressive  citizens  of  the  township. 

LoHBNZO  K.  King  was  born  upon  the  homestead  in  Westfield  township, 
Tioga  county.  May  13, 1852,  a  son  of  James  and  Louisa  King.  He  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  Mansfield  State  Normal  School;  has  followed  the  occu- 
pations of  farmer,  meehamc,  teacher  and  jobber;  was  clerk  in  the  county  commis- 
sioners' office  at  Wellsboro  for  three  years,  and  served  one  term  as  county  auditor. 
He  was  one  of  the  chief  movers  in  organizing  the  Cowanesque  Valley  Agricultural 
Society;  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  estabUsh  it  on  a  firm  foundation,  and  was 
its  first  president.  He  also  started  the  Breeders'  and  Dairy  Association  of  Tioga 
county,  of  which  he  is  secretary.  He  has  given  considerable  effort  toward  writing  for 
various  publications,  aud  possesses  good  literary  taste.  Mr.  King  was  married  April 
4,  1885,  to  Ada  E.  Haven,  a  daughter  of  Solon  E.  and  Amelia  A.  (Kenyon)  Haven, 
of  "Westfield  township.  She  was  born  July  15, 1859,  in  Rutland,  Tioga  county,  and 
taught  fourteen  terms  of  school.  She  is  the  mother  of  one  son,  James  Eex.  In 
politics,  Mr.  King  is  a  Republican,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  the 
township. 

OziAL  H.  King,  son  of  Prince  and  Sally  King,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  November  3,  1829.  Heleamed  the  black- 
smith's trade,  which  he  followed  forty  years  in  connection  with  farming  and  lum- 
bering, and  has  lived  on  his  present  farm  since  1867.  Mr.  King  was  maxried  May 
13,  1854,  to  May  Elizabeth  Carpenter,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Electa  (Parker) 
Carpenter,  of  Westfield.  She  was  bom  August  27,  1834,  and  is  the  mother  of  eight 
children,  viz:  Amy  Celia,  born  March  16,  1855,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Bryant;  Electa 
L.,  bom  August  22,  1857,  wife  of  Darius  S.  Short;  Eddie  P.,  bom  September  29, 
1859;  James  Devillo,  bom  May  12, 1862;  Willard  H.,  bom  August  12, 1864;  Frank 
J.,  bom  November  7,  1871;  Ward  L.,  bom  June  5,  1873,  and  Earl,  bom  May  30, 
1877,  and  died  July  15,  following.     In  politics,  Mr.  King  is  a  Republican. 

WiLLAED  King,  the  youngest  child  of  Prince  and  Sally  King,  was  bom  on  the 
old  homestead  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  August  29,  1843.  He  there 
grew  to  manhood,  and  has  always  made  it  his  residence.  At  thirteen  years  of  age 
he  left  school  and  started  in  life  as  a  teamster,  but  since  attaining  his  majority  he 
has  cultivated  the  homestead  farm.  For  the  past  thirteen  years  he  has  been  as- 
sociated with  his  brother,  Prince  W.,  in  the  lumber  business.  On  October  26, 
1883,  Mr,  King  married  Sarah  Partello,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Hannah  (Kling) 
Partello,  of  Whitesville,  New  York.    Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  Republican. 

William  Howland,  eldest  son  of  John  and  Susannah  (Salisbury)  Howland, 
was  bom  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  12,  1814.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Rhode  Island,  and  among  the  first  settlers  of  Deerfield 
township,  and  later  residents  of  Westfield.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Wil- 
liam, Hannah,  who  married  Eleazer  Seeley;  Miriam,  who  married  Samuel  Mon- 
roe; Polly,  who  maiTied  James  Swimelar;  Roby,  Susan,  second  wife  of  Samuel 
Monroe,  and  John.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  on  Jemi- 
son  creek,  in  Westfield  township,  now  occupied  by  his  widow,  and  owned  by  his 
son,  John  M.    He  married  Sarah  J.  Hoover,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  J.  (Al- 


"%^        ^     ^;^J6^^s^^3*^<J^^<^ 


BIOGHAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  905 


bert)  Hoover,  January  2,  1840.  Her  parents  were  residents  of  Westfield,  whence 
they;  came  from  Schoharie  county,  New  York,  in  1830.  Thirteen  children  were  the 
fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Melvina,  Emily,  Miriam,  who  married  Sherwood  Hotal- 
ing;  Sarah  J.,  Polly,  who  married  L.  Helmer;  John  M.,  Hannah,  wife  of  Dolph  Brace; 
Susan,  Louisa,  Samuel,  Bemieia,  wife  of  Fred  Warner;  Theron,  and  Clara,  wife  of 
Lee  Witlers.  Mr.  Howland  was  a  prominent  farmer  of  his  day,  and  held  various 
offices  in  the  township.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  for  twenty-three  years.     He  died  June  7,  1893. 

John  Melvin  Howland,  eldest  son  of  William  and  Sarah  J.  Howland,  was 
bom  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  May  17,  1849.  He  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  district,  and  since  attaining  his  majority  has  been  extensively 
engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering,  turning  out  about  2,000,000  feet  of  lumber 
annually.  He  is  the  owner  of  the  old  homestead  in  Westfield  township,  and 
also  owns  a  fine  farm  in  Chatham  township.  Mr.  Howland  was  mar- 
ried April  31,  1867,  to  Jeannette  Chapman,  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Margaret 
(Swimely)  Chapman,  of  Clymer  township,  and  has  five  children:  Lena  B.,  wife  of 
Henry  Spicer;  Jennie,  wife  of  Oren  Mack;  Lewell,  who  married  Ella  Mack;  Maud, 
wife  of  J.  W.  Smith,  and  Zecal.  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat;  has  held 
various  township  offices,  and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Democratic  county  com- 
mittee.   Mr.  Howland  is  a  E.  A.  M.  in  the  Masonic  order. 

Melkiee  Labae,  son  of  Melkier  Labar,  a  native  of  France,  was  bom  in  1755, 
and  settled  in  Westfield  towniihip,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1834,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son  James.  His  wife  was  Margaret  Jolly, 
who  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  manhood  and 
womanhood,  as  follows:  Catherine,  who  married  Jacob  Krantz;  Deborah,  who 
married  Elijah  Bellews;  George,  Philinda,  who  married  Morgan  Huyler;  Matilda, 
wife  of  Samuel  Westgate;  Priscilla,  wife  of  Allen  Brace;  Phoebe  A.,  wife  of 
James  Carpenter;  John,  Mary,  wife  of  Delos  Parrish,  and  James.  Mr.  Labar  died 
on  the  homestead  in  Westfield  township  in  1851,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  ninety-six 
years. 

James  Labae,  youngest  son  of  Melkier  Labar,  was  bom  in  Tompkins  county, 
New  York,  August  9,  1832,  and  was  about  two  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in 
Westfield  township,  Tioga  county.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  this  county,  obtaining 
but  a  limited  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  has  since  lived  on  the  old  home- 
stead, most  of  which  he  cleared  from  the  original  forest.  He  has  erected  all  of  the 
buildings  now  upon  it,  and  has  owned  the  farm  since  1861.  In  September,  1863,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Mine  Eun,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor  and 
Petersburg.  He  was  wounded  in  the  last  mentioned  engagement,  in  June,  1864, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  in  July,  1865.  In  1855  he  married 
Harriet  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  (Knapp)  Hunt,  of  Westfield  town- 
ship, and  has  two  sons:  Elvemon  and  Marion  S.  Mr.  Labar  is  a  Eepublican,  in 
politics,  and  is  a  leading  farmer  of  his  township. 

Timothy  Leonahd  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Massachusetts,  July  3,  1757, 
a  son  of  Deacon  Abiel  and  Abigail  (Elliott)  Leonard.  His  grandfather,  Samuel 
Leonard,  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Leonard,  and  a  grandson  of  James  Leonard, 


906  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


a  native  of  England,  who  settled  at  Taunton,  Massachusetts,  in  1653.  James 
Leonard  was  the  progenitor  of  the  Leonards  of  Taunton,  and  the  ancestor  of  the 
Leonards  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  erected  the  first  forge  or  furnace 
in  the  Plymouth  Colony,  which  afterwards  became  the  principal  one  in  America. 
He  and  his  sons  often  traded  with  the  Indians,  with  whom  they  were  on  terms  of. 
friendship,  and  when  King  Philip's  War  broke  out,  strict  orders  were  given 
that  the  Leonards  should  not  be  harmed.  Thomas  Leonard  became  a  noted  phy- 
sician; was  a  major  in  the  militia,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  a  church  deacon,  and 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from  1703  to  1713.  Samuel  Leonard,  his 
fourth  son,  was  a  man  of  distinguished  piety,  and  filled  the  ofiices  of  deacon  in  the 
church,  captain  and  justice  of  the  peace.  Deacon  Abiel  Leonard,  son  of  Samuel, 
was  bom  February  36,  1710,  and  died  October  37,  1803.  But  little  of  his  history 
is  known.  Timothy  Leonard,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  married  Susannah  Presby, 
of  Taunton,  Massachusetts,  who  bore  Mm  a  family  of  eight  children.  He  was  a 
man  of  strict  integrity,  earnest  piety,  and  inherited  the  sterling  qualities  of  his 
ancestors,  with  the  exception  that  he  lacked  successful  financial  ability.  He  died 
at  Smyrna,  New  York,  July  10,  1830. 

Stephen  A.  Leonaed,  son  of  Timothy  and  Susannah  Leonard,  was  born  in 
Saratoga  county.  New  York,  September  9,  1798,  and  in  1836  he  settled  in  "West- 

<  field  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Leonard 
homestead.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  farm,  and  resided  there  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  May  4,  1868.  On  April  36,  1831,  he  married  Penninah  TJ.  Darrow, 
to  which  union  were  bom  nine  children,  viz:  Lovina  H.,  who  married  C.  Henry 
Judd;  Sophia,  who  married  Samuel  B.  Price;  Cornelia,  who  married  Darius  W. 
Nobles;  Walter,  Timothy  E.,  Peter  D.,  S.  Selina,  who  married  Sidney  Beach; 
Orpha  and  Delos  F.  Mr.  Leonard  was  a  licensed  preacher  of  the  Wesleyan  Metho- 
dist church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Petee  D.  Leonaed,  son  of  Stephen  A.  lieonard,  was  bom  in  Smyrna,  Chenango 

>  county.  New  York,  August  19,  1833,  and  was  four  years  old  when  his  parents 
located  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  was 
a  farmer  and  manufacturer  of  cheese,  and  followed  these  vocations  in  .Westfield 
and  Delmar  townships,  also  in  New  York,  Harrison  Valley  and  North  Bingham, 
Pennsylvania,  finally  returning  to  Westfield,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his 
death,  March  30,  1893.  Mr.  Leonard  was  twice  married.  His  first  marriage 
occurred  March  14,  1859,  to  Selina  Houghton,  who  died  July  17,  1860.  He  was 
again  married  December  15,  1863,  to  Martha  Peet,  a  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Eliza- 
beth (Allen)  Peet,  pioneers  of  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.  To  this  marriage 
were  born  seven  children,  four  of  whom  survive,  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Geoege  Champlin,  a  native  of  Charleston,  Ehode  Island,  bom  September  39, 
1793,  was  a  son  of  Joshua  Champlin,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about 
1831.  He  worked  a  farm  on  shares  in  Deerfield  township  for  one  year,  and  in  1833 
he  purchased  a  farm  in  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  cleared  up  a  part  of  it, 
and  resided  there  fifteen  years.  In  1837  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  pur- 
chased the  land  in  Westfield  township  now  owned  by  his  sons,  James  and  John,  upon 
which  he  resided  until  his  death.  On  January  6,  1832,  he  married  Loncy  Works, 
a  daughter  of  James  and  Eachel  (Cass)  Works,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York,  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  907 


which  union  were  born  eight  children,  viz:  William,  Eobert  H.,  Mary  M.,  James, 
Emma  A.,  wife  of  Stephen  Sperry;  Joseph  W.,  John,  and  Alpha  A.,  wife  of  James 
E.  Dodge. 

James  Champlin,  son  of  George  and  Loncy  Champlin,  was  bom  in  Harrison 
township.  Potter  county,  Pennsylsrania,  March  13,  1831,  and  was  six  years  old  when 
his  parents  located  in  Westlield  township,  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the  pioneer 
schools  of  his  neighborhood  in  youth,  and  assisted  his  father  in  clearing  and  im- 
proving the  old  homestead,  of  which  he  now  owns  seventy-eight  acres.  He  also 
owns  187  acres  adjoining,  a  good  share  of  which  he  cleared  himself,  and  erected 
thereon  all  of  the  buildings.  He  lived  there  until  1889,  and  then  removed  to 
Cowanesque,  where  he  is  now  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  early  industry.  In  1861 
he  married  Mary  Lattimer,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Helen  (Haining)  Lattimer, 
natives  of  Scotland,  who  settled  in  Westfield  township  in  1853.  Her  parents  died 
at  the  age  of  eighty-five  and  seventy-five  years,  respectively.  Mrs.  Champlin  was 
born  in  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland,  April  10,  1841,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  sons,  viz: 
Harrison,  Sherman,  Luman,  James  and  Elder,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  The  three 
eldest  and  the  youngest  all  died  within  five  weeks  with  diphtheria,  and  a  strange 
coincident  is  that  each  died  on  a  Thursday.  Mr.  Champlin  has  an  adopted  daugh- 
ter, Hilda.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  is- recognized  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  the  township. 

HoLLiSTEE  Bakee,  born  in  Eochester,  New  York,  in  1816,  a  millwright  by 
trade,  settled  in  "Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1839,  and 
erected  one  of  the  first  grist-mills  in  that  locality.  He  afterwards  lived  on  Pine 
creek  for  a  time  and  later  worked  in  a  foundry  and  machine  shop  at  Otsego,  New 
York.  In  1849  he  returned  to  Westfield  and  built  a  foundry,  which  he  operated 
until  the  sixties,  when  it  was  burned  down.  In  1865,  in  company  with  his  son 
Albert,  he  rebuilt  on  the  same  site,  and  began  the  manufacture  of  carriages  and 
wagons,  which  they  manufactured  four  years,  when  the  structure  was  again  burned. 
Nothing  daunted,  they  rebuilt  and  carried  on  the  works  for  a  short  time  and  then 
sold  out.  Mr.  Baker  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming.  He  married  Dorlesca 
Phillips,  a  daughter  of  Eichard  and  Amity  Phillips,  of  Westfield,  to  which  union 
were  born  six  children,  viz:  Albert,  Victoria,  wife  of  Dr.  Frank  Buck;  Cecil 
E.,  Viola,  wife  of  E.  M.  Baker;  Effie,  wife  of  Herbert  E.  Baker,  and  Ora  E.  Mrs. 
Baker  died  November  10,  1888,  aged  sixty-six  years.  Mr.  Baker  has  been  rather 
independent  in  politics,  and  has  filled  the  oifice  of  assessor. 

Albeht  Bakee,  eldest  son  of  Hollister  Baker,  was  born  in  Westfield,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  16,  1842.  He  attended  the  public  schools  in  boyhood,  and  later 
Eastman's  Business  College,  Poughkeepsie,  New  York.  Being  a  natural  mechanic, 
he  adapted  himself  to  the  machinist's  trade,  though  for  some  years  prior  to  the 
Civil  War  he  worked  at  cajpentering.  On  May  30,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
A,  First  Eifle  Eegiment,  Thirteenth  Pennsylvania  EeseiTe,  widely  known  as  the 
Bucktail  regiment,  and  participated  in  fifteen  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  lost  his 
left  arm  at  South  Mountain,  September  15,  1862,  and  was  honorably' discharged 
November  26,  following.  From  1865  to  1869,  he  was  engaged  in  business  with  his 
father  in  Westfield,  and  later  studied  civil  engineering.  In  May,  1880,  he  em- 
barked in  business  for  himself  in  Westfield,  where  he  has  since  successfuUv  carried 


908  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


on  a  foundry,  machine  and  general  repair  shop.  Mr.  Baker  was  married  in  1864, 
to  Sellie  Smith,  a  daughter  of  E.  G.  and  Betsey  (Burdic)  Smith,  of  Sabinsyille, 
Tioga  county,  and  has  three  children:  Ilba,  wife  of  Emil  Buhr;  Vida,  wife  of 
Edward  Ladd,  and  Klein  D.  In  politics,  Mr.  Baker  is  independent,  and  has  held 
various  local  offices. 

Newbuky  Cloos,  Sk.,  a  native  of  the  Mohawk  valley.  New  York,  came  with 
his  father,  Eeuben  Cloos,  a  native  of  Scotland,  to  the  Cowanesque  valley  in  1807, 
and  settled  in  what  is  now  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm.  The  records  show  that  he  acquired  title  to  his 
land  on  January  1,  1808.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Esther  Short,  was 
the  mother  of  eleven  children,  as  follows:  Eeuben,  Polly,  who  married  George  Parker; 
Abel,  Matilda,  whose  first  husband  was  William  Falkner,  and  second  husband, 
Barney  Daniels;  Sophia,  who  married  Charles  Avery,  an  early  settler  of  Chatham 
township;  Hannaii,  who  became  the  mfe  of  Daniel  D.  Church;  Armon,  David, 
Ambrose,  Newbury,  and  Esther,  who  married  Henry  P.  Daniels,  all  of  whom  are 
dead  except  Mrs.  Daniels.  Mrs.  Cloos  died  October  2,  1839,  and  her  husband  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Patty  P.  Eeynolds,  who  survived  him  three  months.  He  died  May  7, 
1853,  in  his  eighty-first  year,  and  his  wife,  Patty  P.,  August  7,  following,  in  the 
eighty-third  year  of  her  age. 

David  Cloos,  a  son  of  Newbury  and  Esther  Cloos,  was  born  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  March  7,  1809,  and  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead.  He 
cleared  and  improved  a  farm  in  his  native  township,  and  in  December,  1840,  removed 
to  Westfield  township,  where,  with  the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  occupied 
the  old  homestead  in  Deerfield,  he  resided  until  his  death,  July  12,  1863.  From 
December,  1840,  to  April,  1847,  he  was  proprietor  of  a  hotel  in  Westfield,  after 
which  period  he  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  farming.  He  married  Maria  Sweet, 
of  Deerfield  township,  who  bore  him  twelve  children,  eleven  of  whom  grew  to 
maturity,  viz:  Ambrose,  Noah,  Marietta,  wife  of  Elias  H.  Clark;  Amelia,  wife  of 
Eobert  E.  Parshall;  Matilda,  wife  of  Albert  W.  Potter;  A.  Byron,  Bernard,  Burnett, 
Marie,  wife  of  G.  A.  King,  and  Cora,  wife  of  George  Trim. 

Ambeose  Close,  originally  spelled  "Cloos,"  is  the  eldest  son  of  David  and 
Maria  Cloos.  He  was  bom  in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  coimty,  March  4,  1835, 
and  came  to  Westfield  with  his  parents  when  but  five  years  of  age.  He  was  reared 
in  Westfield,  and  educated  at  the  Union  Academy  and  Alfred  University.  For 
twenty  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Westfield,  and  three  and 
a  half  years  at  Elkland,  and  for  forty  years  he  has  been  more  or  less  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. Mr.  Close  was  married  March  12,  1861,  to  Ann  V.  Secord,  a  daughter  of  Gil- 
bert S.  and  Sophia  (Marsh)  Secord,  of  Westfield,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Eoy,  who 
died  February  2,  1881,  in  his  fifteenth  year.  Mrs.  Close  died  November  9,  1891, 
aged  fifty-nine  years.  She  was  an  attendant  of  the  Universalist  church,  a  charitable 
and  kind  neighbor,  and  a  good  wife  and  mother,  who  enjoyed  the  love  and  esteem 
of  all  who  knew  her.  Mr.  Close  has  liberally  supported  the  churches  of  Westfield, 
more  especially  the  Universalist  church.  He  is  an  ardent  Eepubliean,  has  been 
burgess  of  Westfield  for  several  terms,  and  has  also  filled  other  local  offices.  He 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of  the  borough,  in  which  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life  has  been  passed. 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  QQQ 


Daniel  McNaughton,  M.  D.,  a  son  of  Malcomb  and  Christie  McNaughton, 
was  a  native  of  Howard,  Steuben  county,  'New  York,  and  of  Scotch  descent.  He 
studied  medicine  in  Eoehester,  New  York,  and  in  1845  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death,  which  occvirred  December  34, 1883,  aged  sixty-five  years.  He  always  took  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs,  was  a  stanch  Eepublican  from  the  organization  of  that 
party,  and  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Westfield  in  1861,  which  position  he  filled 
until  1873,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his  seat  as  associate  judge  of  Tioga  county. 
He  filled  the  latter  office  one  term,  and  was  then  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Westfield  borough.  Dr.  McNaughton's  wife  was  Ann  Gray,  a  daughter  of  Abiathar 
and  Amelia  Gray,  of  Howard,  New  York.  She  bore  him  a  family  of  three  children, 
viz:  Niles  Wesley,  Francis  D.,  and  Helen  M.,  wife  of  B.  E.  Close.  As  a  physician. 
Dr.  McNaughton  became  prominent  among  his  professional  brethren  of  Tioga  and 
adjoining  counties,  and  as  a  citizen  he  was  identified  with  the  growth  and  progress 
of  his  adopted  home  for  nearly  forty  years. 

NiLES  Wesley  McNaughton,  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Daniel  McNaughton,  was  bom 
in  Westfield,  Pennsylvania,  September  4,  1845,  and  was  reared  in  his  native  town. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Union  Academy,  Academy  Corners, 
and  at  seventeen  years  of  age  began  clerking  in  a  drug  store,  which  business  he 
followed  as  clerk  and  proprietor  from  1863  until  1893.  During  the  incumbency 
of  his  father  as  postmaster  of  Westfield,  he  filled  the  position  of  assistant,  and  during 
President  Grant's  first  administration  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Westfield, 
which  position  he  filled  continuously  until  the  fall  of  1885.  Like  his  father,  he 
is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  gives  his  earnest  support  to  the  principles  and  measures 
of  his  party.  In  1867  he  married  Emma  L.  Larrison,  a  daughter  of  William  and 
Sarah  (Stryker)  Larrison,  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county.  Mr.  McNaughton 
is  a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  365, 
and  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No.  38,  of  Wellsboro,  in  all  of  which  he  takes  an 
active  interest. 

William  Simmons  was  bom  in  Benton,  Yates  county.  New  York,  December 
13,  1837,  eldest  son  of  Peter  and  Sarah  (Perry)  Simmons.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Joseph  Simmons,  was  a  pioneer  of  Yates  county,  where  his  father  was  born. 
Peter  Simmons  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Sarah  Perry,  bore  him  four 
children,  viz:  William,  Joseph  P.,  Charles  H.,  and  Delia,  who  married  Alvah 
Hurlbut.  His  second  wife,  Cynthia  Lilley,  became  the  mother  of  six  children,  as 
follows:  Leonard,  Peter,  Wilbert,  Lafayette,  Triphena,  and  Elizabeth,  who  mar- 
ried William  Wood.  When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  child  his  parents  moved 
to  Independence,  Allegany  county,  New  York,  and  a  few  years  later  to  West  Union, 
Steuben  county.  In  1845  he  came  to  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  became  a  clerk  in  the  store  of  Eussell  &  Hunt,  then  in  charge  of  Eichard  Krusen. 
About  five  years  later  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Krusen,  and  they  carried 
on  business  in  the  original  store  building  for  two  years.  In  1855  he  purchased  a 
part  of  the  farm  in  Westfield  borough  on  which  he  now  resides,  and  has  made  addi- 
tional purchases  from  time  to  time,  erected  a  commodious  residence,  and  made  many 
other  improvements.  Mr.  Simmons  has  been  connected  with  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness more  or  less  for  a  number  of  years.     He  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  E.  & 


910  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

■William  Simmons,  of  Westfield,  for  about  seven  years,  and  carried  on  the  business 
for  two  years  alone  after  his  son's  death.  He  has  since  devoted  his  principal  atten- 
tion to  his  farm.  On  November  3,  1850,  he  married  Annice  C.  Boardman,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Elkanah  and  Clarissa  C.  (Benedict)  Boaxdman,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York. 
Five  sons  were  born  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Esson  E.,  born  January  26,  1852,  who 
married  Addie  L.  Smith,  and  died  November  26,  1882;  Charles  B.,  bom  January 
19,  1862,  who  married  Lena  R.  Patten,  and  lives  in  Westfield;  Prank  W.,  born 
March  6,  1864,  a  resident  of  Buenos  Ayres,  South  America;  Pred  P.,  born  April 
29,  1867,  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  who  married  Ida  Louns- 
bery,  ajid  Arthur  J.,  bom  May  27,  1869,  a  resident  of  "Westfield.  They  have  also 
reared  an  adopted  daughter,  Mrs.  Henry  Hyde,  of  Groton,  New  York.  The  family 
are  adherents  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  support  the 
Eepublican  party. 

Peank  W.  Simmons,  a  son  of  "William  Simmons,  was  bom.  in  Oswayo,  Potter 
county,  March  6,  1864.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  "Westfield  and  grad- 
uated at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  in  the  class  of  1882.  He  then  entered 
the  law  office  of  Maj.  George  "W.  Merrick,  of  Wellsboro,  but  was  compelled  to  dis- 
continue his  law  studies  because  of  failing  eye-sight.  He  later  became  book-keeper 
in  the  office  of  H.  H.  Craxy  &  Company,  tanners,  of  Westfield,  and  subsequently  went 
to  Salamanca,  New  York,  to  fill  the  position  of  general  business  manager  for  the  same 
people,  under  the  firm  name  of  James  Horton  &  Company.  In  July,  1894,  he  was 
sent  to  Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  by  the  United  States  Leather  Company,  as  super- 
intendent of  two  tanneries  in  Tennessee,  onfe  in  Georgia,  and  one  in  Kentucky.  In 
March,  1895,  he  was  sent  by  the  same  company  to  Buenos  Ayres,  to  represent  them 
in  South  America,  where  he  is  at  present  living.  Mr.  Simmons  was  married  Januaiy 
10,  1892,  to  Pannie  "W.  Seidler,  of  Leroy,  New  York,  who  accompanied  him  to  the 
southern  hemisphere. 

Ahthue  J.  Simmons,  youngest  son  of  "William  Simmons,  was  bom  in  "Westfield, 
Tioga  county.  May  27,  1869,  and  was  educated  in  the  "Westfield  public  schools.  He 
later  found  employment  in  the  tannery  of  H.  H.  Crary  &  Company  for  a  short 
time,  and  then  went  to  Salamanca,  New  York,  where  he  filled  the  position  of 
book-keeper  in  the  tannery  office  for  some  two  years.  Returning  to  Tioga  county, 
he  became  book-keeper  in  the  tannery  office  at  Tioga.  In  July,  1893,  he  was  ap- 
pointed traveling  auditor  of  the  United  States  Leather  Company,  for  the  tanneries 
controlled  by  that  company  in  New  York,  "Wisconsin  and  Maine,  which  position  he 
still  occupies,  though  making  his  home  with  his  parents  in  "Westfield. 

Lyman  Tkemain  was  born  in  Connecticut,  October  29,  1786,  a  son  of  Julius 
and  Lucy  Tremain.  His  father  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Shapley)  Tremain, 
and  grandson  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  Tremain,  who  came  from  England  to  America 
in  1666,  and  settled  at  New  London,  Connecticut.  Their  grandson,  Gaines  Tre- 
main, was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  Lyman  Tremain  was  a  pioneer  of  Lawrence 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  improved  a  farm,  and  died  in 
Westfield,  January  13,  1864.  He  was  married  January  16,  1811,  to  Sophia  Mer- 
sereau.  She  was  bom  August  24,  1786,  and  died  August  10,  1880.  They  were  the 
parents  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Edward,  Julius,  John  M.,  Joshua,  Martin, 
Theodore  and  Arthur. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  911 


John  M.  Tremain,  third  son  of  Lyman  and  Sophia  Tremain,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 2,  1816,  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  commenced  life  for  himself  at  Lindley, 
Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  was  a  pioneer  of  Lawrence  township,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Westfield, 
and  died  in  that  borough,  January  15,  1878,  in  his  sixty-second  year.  He  was  twice 
married,  his  first  wife  being  Abigail  B.  Goodwin,  of  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  who 
bore  him  ten  children,  namely:  Almira  M.,  who  married  Orson  Bdgcomb;  Seth 
K.,  Lyman  J.,  John  A.,  Gilbert  H.,  Warren  H.,  Abigail,  who  married  George  W. 
Neely;  Orrin  A.,  Maria  L.,  who  married  Eobert  Walker,  and  Theodore  M.  His 
second  wife  was  Mrs.  Betsy  Whipple,  nee  Pierce,  of  Westfield,  who  bore  him  two 
children,  Willis  J.  and  Luther  D.  Sis  of  his  sons  by  his  first  marriage  served  in 
the  Eebellion,  namely:  Seth  K.,  Lyman  J.,  who  is  supposed  to  have  been  killed  in 
the  war;  John  A.,  who  was  killed  at  Gettysburg;  Gilbert  H.,  Warren  H.,  and  Orrin 
A.  Mr.  Tremain  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics, 
an  ardent  Bepublican. 

Gilbert  H.  Tremain,  fourth  son  of  John  M.  and  Abigail  Tremain,  was  bom 
in  Lindley,  Steuben  county,  Xew  York,  December  26,  1843,  and  is  of  the  sixth 
generation  from  Joseph  and  Eliza  Tremain,  who  settled  at  New  London,  Connecti- 
cut. He  was  reared  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools.  He  enlisted  in  Company  D.,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-first  New  York 
Volunteers,  August  14,  1862,  and  served  in  the  battles  of  Lookout  Mountain,  Mis- 
sionary Eidge,  Dalton,  Einggold,  Tunnel  Hill,  Eesaca  and  other  engagements.  He 
was  Avounded  at  Eesaea  May  15,  1864,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  ser- 
vice May  27, 1865.  On  his  return  home  he  engaged  in  lumbering  up  to  1873;  later 
served  as  constable  and  collector  of  Westfield,  and  in  1882  was  appointed  agent 
for  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company  at  Westfield,  which  position 
he  s^jll  occupies.  Mr.  Tremain  was  man-ied  May  26,  1869,  to  Adelia,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Louisa  (Hoover)  King,  of  Westfield.  He  is  a  member  of  Babcock 
Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield;  also  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A. 
M.,  and  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  265,  of  Westfield,  and  Tyagaghton  Commandery, 
No.  28,  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  local  political  afEairs  for  many  years. 

Theodore  Tremain  was  born  in  Lindley,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  April 
10,  1825,  a  son  of  Lyman  and  Sophia  Tremain.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  for  many  years  was  engaged  in  farming  in  Law- 
rence and  Westfield  townships.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Cowanesque  valley 
since  1877.  Mr.  Tremain  has  been  t^vice  married.  His. first  wife  was  Josephine 
Sprague,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Keziali  (Warren)  Sprague,  of  Westfield,  who 
became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Herman,  E.  Augustus  and  Samuel. 
His  second  wife  was  Hannah  Eeynolds,  who  bore  him  two  children:  Josephine, 
wife  of  William  Kress,  and  Lyman  H.     Politically,  he  is  a  Prohibitionist. 

James  Masten,  M.  D.,  was  bom  in  Penn  Yan,  New  York,  May  26,  1827,  a  son 
of  Cornelius  and  Maria  (Vosburg)  Masten.  His  father  was  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
his  day,  and  during  President  Van  Buren's  administration  he  was  president  judge 
of  Yates  county.  New  York,  and  was  also  for  a  number  of  years  president  of  Yates 
County  Academy.     The  maternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  Gen.  Peter  I. 


912  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Vosburg,  of  Stuyvesant,  New  York,  who  distinguished  himself  ia  the  War  of  the 
Kevolution.  Cornelius  Masten  at  one  time  was  the  owner  of  valuable  tracts  of 
timber  lands  in  Warren  county,  Pennsylavnia,  which  have  since  become  valuable 
as  oil  producing  territory.  Dr.  Hasten  was  educated  at  the  Yates  County  Academy, 
and  the  Military  University  at  Norwich,  Vermont.  He  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Drs.  A.  P.  &  W.  Oliver,  of  Penn  Yan,  New  York,  and  attended  lectures 
at  Buffalo  Medical  College.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  White's 
Comers,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1849,  remaining  there  for  eleven  years. 
In  1860  he  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  having 
attained  a  front  rank  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Masten  was  married 
April  9,  1851,  to  Nancy  C.  Manning,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Amanda  M.  (Gilbert) 
Manning,  of  Harrison  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  and  grand-daughter  of  Eev.  John  D. 
Gilbert,  a  distinguished  divine  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  Dr.  Masten 
and  wife  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  five  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Nor- 
man L.,  Ida  E.,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Francis;  Edward  S.  and  Effie,  twins,  the  latter 
the  wife  of  Isaac  Taft,  and  Frank  G.,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  and 
the  Western  Pennsylvania  Medical  College  of  Pittsburg.  He  also  has  a  diploma 
from  the  New  York  Polyclinic  School,  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1891, 
and  is  now  located  at  Westfield.  He  was  married  February  18,  1896,  in  New  York 
City,  to  Miss  Amy  Stead.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Masonic  order,  with  which  he  has  been  prominently  connected  since  1853.  He  is 
a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge  and  Chapter,  being  secretary  of  the  latter,  and  is  a 
charter  member  of  both  organizations.  Dr.  Masten  was  censor,  vice  president,  and 
president  of  the  old  Tioga  County  Medical  Society  while  it  was  in  existence,  and  is  at 
present  a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  and  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Medicine. 
In  1884  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Westfield  by  President  Cleveland,  and  filled 
the  office  four  years.  He  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat,  as  was  his  father,  and  a 
stanch  advocate  of  Democratic  principles.  He  has  done  considerable  work  as  a 
correspondent  of  various  newspapers,  and  has  also  written  a  history  of  Westfield. 
During  the  Rebellion  he  drilled  the  first  members  of  the  famous  Bucktail  regiment 
LQ  Tioga  county,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  military  affairs.  As  a 
physician.  Dr.  Masten  is  widely  known,  being  the  oldest  practitioner  in  the  north- 
western part  of  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  enjoyed  for  many  years  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Cowanesque  Valley  Agricultural 
and  Fair  Association,  and  has  given  much  attention  to  the  gi-owth  and  progress  of 
agriculture. 

William  N.  HI^ELB^T  was  bom  in  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  April  8,  1835, 
third  son  of  Lyman  Hurlbut.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  in  the 
spring  of  1856,  and  five  years  later  removed  to  Lawrence  township.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at  Wyoming  Seminary.  In 
1862  he  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Westfield,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E. 
Krusen  &  Company,  which  partnership  lasted  two  years.  He  then  removed  to 
Cowanesque  village  and  formed  a  partnership  with  E.  Skinner  and  Ira  Edgcomb, 
under  the  firm  name  of  E.  Skinner  &  Company,  general  merchants,  and  manu- 
facturers of  doors,  sash  and  blinds,  in  which  he  was  engaged  for  ten  years.  He 
then  returned  to  Westfield  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  Krusen  &  Company,  and 


JAMES  CHAMPLIN. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  913 


followed  the  lumber  business  until  July,  1889.  At  that  time  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Westfield,  was  re-appointed  on  December  37,  1891,  and  filled  the 
position  up  to  the  close  of  1895.  Mr.  Hurlbut  was  married  January  18,  1869,  to 
Helen  Close,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Eachel  (Miller)  Close,  of  Westfield,  and 
has  three  children,  viz:  Satie  B.,  Nellie  and  Fred.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he 
has  been  a  school  director  of  Westfield  for  twenty  consecutive  years.  Mr.  Hurlbut 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising, 
well-known  citizens  of  Westfield. 

Isaac  Plank,  third  son  of  Lovel  Plank,  Sr.,  was  born  at  Penis  Hill,  Oneida 
county.  New  York,  in  1817,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Brookfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  received  a  common  school  education.  He  cleared  a  farm 
in  that  township,  and  followed  agriculture  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  West- 
field  and  embarked  in  merchandising,  which  he  followed  for  two  years,  and  then 
retired  from  business.  He  married  Sally  Ann  Smith,  a  daughter  of  David  and 
Catherine  (Duscheimer)  Smith,  of  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  to  which 
union  were  born  five  children,  viz:  Catherine,  wife  of  Henry  Wood;  Lovel, 
Devalience,  Hajvey,  and  Lydia,  wife  of, Tyler  Spaulding.  Mrs.  Plank  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  church,  and  died  July  34,  1859,  aged  forty-two  years.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Plank  was  a  Eepublican,  and  held  various  offices  in  Brookfield  and 
Westfield,  and  always  took  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  was  constable 
and  collector  for  many  years,  and  at  one  time  was  personally  acquainted  with  nearly 
every  voter  in  the  county.  He  was  a  great  favorite  with  the  young,  and  was 
familiarly  known  as  "Uncle  Isaac."'  Mr.  Plank  died  May  6,  1883,  aged  sixty-seven 
years,  dying  as  he  had  lived,  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Lovel  Plank,  eldest  son  of  Isaac  and  Sally  Ann  Plank,  was  born  in  Brook- 
field township,  Tioga  county,  July  36,  1843,  and  grew  to  manhood  iipon  the  old 
homestead.  Shortly  after  attaining  his  majority,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Two 
Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  which  was  assigned  to  the  Third 
Brigade,  Third  Division,  Ninth  Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Port  Stedman,  Petersburg,  Hatcher's  Eun,  and  other  minor  engage- 
ments, and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  May  13,  1865.  In  1866 
he  located  in  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  embarked  in  the  grocery  business, 
which  he  continued  for  ten  years,  when  he  added  thereto  a  stock  of  dry  goods  and 
carried  on  a  general  store  until  1883.  In  that  year  he  engaged  extensively  as  a  dealer 
in  all  kinds  of  agricultural  implements,  wagons,  buggies,  harness,  etc.,  in  which 
he  has  since  successfully  continued.  The  firm  of  L.  Plank  &  Company  also  carries 
on  the  leading  undertaking  and  furniture  establishment  in  this  section  of  the 
county,  keeping  as  fine  a  line  of  goods  as  is  usually  found  in  large  cities.  Mr. 
Plank  is  also  interested  in  other  industries  of  Westfield.  He  owns  and  occupies  for 
business  purposes  the  finest  block  in  the  borough,  which  he  erected  in  1885  on  the 
same  site  where  he  commenced  business  nearly  twenty  years  before.  On  August  37, 
1868,  Mr.  Plank  married  Mary  A.  Hancock,  a  daughter  of  Warren  and  Claxissa 
(Hill)  Hancock,  of  Clymer  township,  and  has  three  children:  Lydia,  Burt  B.  and 
Isaac  W.  In  politics,  Mr.  Plank  is  a  Eepublican,  was  the  first  burgess  of  Westfield, 
and  has  served  three  consecutive  terms  in  that  office.  He  is  a  member  of  Babcock 
Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield:  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A.  M.;  West- 

58 


9;l4  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


field  Chapter,  No.  265;  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No.  28,  of  Wellsboro,  and 
Jemison  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Westfield.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Cowanesque  Agricultural  Society,  of  which  he  was  president  for  several  years,  and 
it  owes  much  of  its  success  to  his  liberality  and  efforts.  Mr.  Plank  is  now  the 
pioneer  business  man  of  Westfield  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive  and 
public-spirited  citizens  of  the  Cowanesque  valley. 

Harvey  Plank,  the  youngest  son  of  Isaac  and  Sally  Ann  Plank,  was  bom 
in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  June  19,  1847,  and  was  reared  and  educated 
in  his  native  township.  After  attaining  his  majority,  he  engaged  in  farming  until 
1883,  when  he  removed  to  Westfield  borough  and  embarked  in  the  sash  and  blind 
manufacturing  business,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  E.  Krusen  &  Company,  which 
he  continued  for  two  years.  He  then  became  a  drover  and  stock  dealer,  which  he 
followed  five  years.  In  1891  he  carried  on  a  meat  market  in  Westfield,  and  has 
since  been  engaged  in  various  pursuits.  Mr.  Plank  was  married  in  1871,  to  Jean  E. 
McCoy,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Appia  (Coffin)  McCoy,  of  Brookfield  township, 
and  has  one  daughter,  Hattie.  Politically,  he  is  an  earnest  Eepubliean,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Iv.  of  H. 

Feank  P"]beele  was  bom  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  April  28,  1843,  a  son  of  Joseph 
and  Fanny  (Schalkohn)  Eberle.  The  Eberle  family  were  tanners  for  many  gen- 
erations, while  his  mother  came  from  an  old  and  wealthy  family  of  brewers.  Frank 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  land,  and  there  served  an  apprenticeship  of 
three  years  at  the  tanners  trade  in  his  father's  tannery  and  under  his  father's 
instruction,  and  subsequently  worked  two  years  as  a  cun-ier.  In  1866  he  immi- 
grated to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  where  he  worked  in  his  brother's  tannery  one 
year,  as  a  currier,  and  in  1867  he  located  in  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania. 
He  continued  working  at  his  trade  for  six  months  and  then  purchased  the  old 
tannery  property  of  Ambrose  Close,  at  that  time  almost  completely  run  down. 
With  characteristic  enterprise  and  energy,  Mr.  Eberle  soon  remodeled  and  equipped 
the  tannery  with  modem  appliances  and  machinery,  and  gradually  built  up  a  suc- 
cessful business,  his  product,  upper  leather  and  harness  leather,  finding  a  ready 
market  in  the  east,  principally  in  New  York  City.  Mr.  Eberle's  great  energy  was 
manifested  on  many  occasions.  During  the  flood  of  1889  he  suffered  a  loss  of  over 
$8,000,  by  the  washing  away  of  all  his  vats,  bams  and  storehouses,  but  he  imme- 
diately rebuilt  the  plant,  which  is  to-day  one  of  the  best  appointed  and  equipped 
tanneries  in  the  State.  On  September  8,  1873,  Mr.  Eberle  was  married  to  Mary 
H.  Jeager,  a  daughter  of  Alouis  and  Crescence  (Lang)  Jeager,  of  Germania,  Potter 
county,  to  which  union  were  bom  four  children,  viz:  Joseph  F.,  who  has  charge 
of  the  tannery;  Frank  and  Fannie  C,  both  deceased,  and  Cressie  C.  Mr.  Eberle  died 
April  16,  1895,  almost  in  the  prime  of  life.  In  his  death  Westfield  lost  one  of  its 
most  substantial  and  useful  citizens.  In  all  that  goes  to  make  true  manhood  and 
the  higher  success  in  life  he  was  a  shining  example.  A  kind  father  and  husband, 
a  good  neighbor  and  a  charitable  man,  he  won  and  retained  the  respect  of  those 
who  knew  him  best.  He  was  the  moving  spirit  in  the  erection  of  the  new  Episcopal 
church  at  Westfield  and  was  an  indefatigable  worker  in  church  affairs.  He  was 
ever  ready  to  assist  the  needy  and  lend  a  helping  hand  to  those  startling  in  life.  In 
polities,  he  was  a  Eepubliean,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor.    His 


BIOGHAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  915 


son,  Joseph  F.,  is  following  in  his  father's  footsteps,  having  served  an  apprentice- 
ship at  the  tanner's  trade  in  all  its  branches,  and  has  now  the  general  supervision 
of  the  business. 

Geokge  Bulkley,  third  son  of  Israel  Bulkley,  was  born  in  what  is  now  Osceola, 
Tioga  county,  October  2, 1801.  He  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead;  was  a  natural 
mechanic,  and  for  some  years  carried  on  a  general  blacksmith  and  wagon  shop. 
He  also  owned  ajid  conducted  a  farm,  and  had  a  fine  orchard  in  which  he  took  much 
pride,  but  his  taste  was  for  mechanical  pursuits.  About  1823  he  married  Laura 
P.  Whitaker.  of  Osceola,  formerly  of  Eh  ode  Island,  who  became  the  mother  of  nine 
children,  seven  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Olivia  C,  who  married  Julius 
Seelye;  Sarah  F.,  who  married  Ira  D.  Hotchkiss;  Lucy  M.,  who  married  Augustus 
Alba;  Edwin  B.,  Hannah,  who  married  Jerome  S.  Warner;  Julia,  deceased,  and 
Ralph.  In  early  life  Mr.  Bulkley  was  a  Whig,  but  was  a  stanch  Eepublican  from 
the  organization  of  that  party.     He  died  January  17,  1867. 

Edwin  B.  Bulkley,  eldest  son  of  George  and  Laura  B.  Bulkley,  was  born  in 
Osceola,  Tioga  county,  June  2,  1835.  He  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead;  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  at  Deerfield  Academy,  and  began  life  as  a  farmer 
upon  the  home  place.  On  March  25,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Eighty- 
sixth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  October 
18,  1862,  because  of  disability  through  typhoid  fever.  In  1868  he  located  at  West- 
field,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Bulkley  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife  was  Delia  H.  Ellison,  a  daughter  of  Eichard  and  Jane  (Hazlett)  Ellison,  of 
ITelson,  Tioga  county,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Ira  E.  The  latter  married  Maude 
Williams.  Mr.  Bulkleys  second  marriage  occurred  March  30,  1864,  to  Malvina 
Doud,  a  daughter  of  Harrison  and  Emily  (Miller)  Doud,  of  Lenoxville,  Susque- 
hanna county,  Pennsylvania.  She  is  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Emily, 
wife  of  James  Streeter;  George  H.,  who  married  Eachel  Strait,  and  Charles  E. 
Mrs.  Bulkley's  father,  Harrison  Doud,  was  a  member  of  the  Thirteenth  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  and  was  a  prisoner  in  Libby  prison  foiP  some  time.  Her  brother, 
George  H.  Doud,  also  served  three  years  and  ten  months  in  the  late  war.  Mr. 
Bulkley  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  while  his  wife  is  an 
Episcopalian.  He  is  one  of  the  charter  members  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P. 
&  A.  M.,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Babcock  Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Lyman  Hancock  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Madison  county.  New  York,  in  1799, 
removed  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1836,  and  settled  in  Clymer  township. 
He  cleared  a  portion  of  a  farm  from  the  wilderness,  and  resided  upon  it  until  1868, 
when  he  removed  to  Westfield,  where  he  died  in  1882.  His  wife,  Ehoda  Ide,  bore 
him  a  family  of  seven  children  who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Electa,  who  married 
Freeman  Wilcox;  Sophronia,  second  wife  of  Freeman  Wilcox;  J.  Warren,  John, 
Oliver,  Lyman  and  William. 

James  Waeeen  Hancock,  eldest  son  of  Lyman  and  Ehoda  (Ide)  Hancock, 
was  bom  in  Lebanon,  Madison  county.  New  York,  July  5,  1830,  and  came  to  Tioga 
county  with  his  parents  when  six  years  of  age.  He  was  reared  in  Clymer  town- 
ship, and  cleai'ed  about  sixty  acres  of  the  home  farm  before  he  was  of  age,  his  father 
having  been  an  invalid  from  the  time  our  subject  was  thirteen  years  old,  and  never 


916  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


afterward  able  to  work.  He  obtained  a  limited  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  neighborhood;  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  has  followed  that  business 
since  attaining  his  majority.  He  lived  in  Clymer  township  until  1870,  in  which 
year  he  removed  to  Westfield,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  March,  1864,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  paoiicipated  in  the  battles  oi  Petersburg,  Weldon  Eailroad,  and  other  minor 
engagements,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  in  August,  1865.  In 
1851  Mr.  Hancock  married  Clarissa,  a  daughter  of  Harry  M.  and  Luna  (Cobum) 
Hill,  of  Clymer  township,  and  has  two  children:  Mary,  wife  of  Lovel  Plank,  and 
Clarence.  In  polities,  he  is  an  ardent  Republicaji,  and  a  member  of  Babcock  Post, 
No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield.  He  is  also  connected  with  Westfield  Lodge.  No. 
477,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  365,  E.  A.  M. 

William  Kizeb  was  born  in  Greenwich,  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  March 
7,  1808,  and  came  from  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  Farmington  township, 
Tioga  county,  in  1845.  Here  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  on  which  he  resided 
until  his  death,  in  1866.  His  wife  was  Susannah  M.  Stocker,  a  native  of  Easton, 
Pennsylvania,  whom  he  married  in  Wilkes-Barre,  February  7,  1836.  She  bore 
him  a  family  of  nine  children,  all  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Morris,  Delilah,  wife 
of  Samuel  Satterlee;  Wairen  H.,  William  M.,  Frances  A.,  wife  of  John  J.  Mascho; 
John  A.,  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Charles  Stansborough;  Charles  C.  and  Legrand  E. 
Mr.  Kizer  was  a  Eepubliean,  and  a  stanch  adherent  of  his  party. 

William  Morgan  Kizeb, third  son  of  William  and  SusannahM.  Kizer,  was  bom 
in  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  17,  1843,  and  was  reared  in  Farmington 
township,  Tioga  county,  from  the  age  of  three  years.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and  was  engaged  in  farming,  and  later  in  butchering, 
in  Westfield  and  Wellsboro.  Since  1869  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Westfield,  where 
he  followed  farming  and  merchandising  until  he  finally  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. On  May  6,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  L,  Second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
and  participated  in  most  of  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  including 
Fredericksburg,  Gettysburg  and  the  Wilderness.  He  received  a  bayonet  woimd 
at  Eeam's  Station,  August  31,  1864;  was  taken  prisoner,  and  confined  in  Libby, 
Danville  and  Salisbury  prisons  until  March,  1865.  He  was  then  paroled,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service  May  30,  1865.  Mr.  Kizer  was  married  April 
1,  1866,  to  Nettie  Tubbs,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  E.  (Lewis)  Tubbs,  of 
Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  and  has  one  son,  Samuel  T.,  who  married 
Bertha  Pritchard,  of  Westfield.  Mr.  Kizer  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  his  wife  of  the  Universalist  church.  In  polities,  he  is  a  EepubUcan, 
and  is  connected  with  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  the  P.  of  H. 

Joseph  P.  Simmons  was  born  at  Italy  Hill,  Yates  county  New  York,  February 
13,  1838,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Sarah  (Perry)  Simmons.  He  was  reared  in  West 
Union,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  attended  the  common  schools  during  his  boy- 
hood, and  commenced  life  as  a  farmer  in  West  Union.  In  1864  he  embarked  in 
the  mercantile  business  at  Oswayo,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  but  after  six 
months  removed  to  White's  Comers,  same  county,  and  engaged  in  general  mer- 
chandising and  farming  for  eight  years.  In  1873  he  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  has  since  continued  the  mercantile  business.     His  wife  was  Lucy 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  917 


M.  Mosher,  a  daughter  of  Lola  Mosher,  of  Big  Flats,  Chemung  county,  New  York, 
to  whom  have  been  born  two  sons:  George  H.  and  Arthur  "W.  Mr.  Simmons  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  in  politics,  he  is 
a  supporter  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

George  H.  Simmons,  eldest  son  of  Joseph  P.  Simmons,  was  born  in  Coming, 
Steuben  county.  New  York,  September  2,  1857.  He  was  reared  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Alfred  UniTersity. 
He  came  to  Westfield  with  his  parents  in  1873,  and  in  1879  embarked  in  the  livery 
business,  which  he  has  since  continued.  He  was  married  September  11,  1878,  to 
Fannie  L.  Packard,  a  daughter  of  Peter  M.  Packard,  of  Oxford,  New  York.  Mr. 
Simmons  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  He  is  a  stanch  Ee- 
publican, and  has  served  seven  consecutive  years  as  constable  of  "Westfield  borough. 

William  H.  Paesons  was  born  in  what  is  now  Gallatin,  Columbia  county, 
New  York,  July  4,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of  Joshua  and  Maria  (Miller)  Parsons,  who 
were  of  Scotch  and  Holland  Dutch  descent.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
receivd  a  limited  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  served  five  j^ears'  apprentice- 
ship at  the  tailor's  trade  at  Hudson,  New  York.  After  working  as  a  journeyman 
three  years  in  Hudson,  he  removed  in  1850  to  Lanesboro,  Susquehanna  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  carried  on  business  for  himself  thirteen  years.  He  was 
afterwards  located  in  business  at  TJnadilla,  Gilbertville  and  Stamford,  New  York, 
and  ia  1872  settled  in  "Westfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  conducted  a 
merchant  tailoring  business.  Mr.  Parsons  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife 
was  Elizabeth  Baker,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  Baker,  of  Lanesboro,  Pennsylvania, 
who  became  the  mother  of  three  children:  George  A.,  William  H.,  and  Frank 
P.  His  second  wife  was  Antoinette  Flint,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Flint,  of 
Unadilla,  New  York,  to  which  union  has  been  bom  six  children,  namely: 
Alice,  Lester,  Edwin,  Anna  B.,  Vanness  and  Charles  J.  His  wife  and  family  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Parsons  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
has  held  various  offices  in  Westfield,  having  served  nine  successive  years  as  school 
director,  and  is  now  serving  his  sixteenth  year  as  justice  of  the  peace. 

Chkistophee  Satles  was  bom  in  Burrellsville,  Ehode  Island,  January  18, 
1791,  a  son  of  Christopher  and  Martha  (Brown)  Sayles.  He  was  of  the  fourth  genera- 
tion from  John  Sayles,  who  came  to  America  from  England  in  the  Seventeenth 
century,  and  a  great-grandson  of  Eoger  Williams.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
town,  and  spent  three  years  in  "Vermont,  where  he  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade. 
In  March,  1825,  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  settling 
in  Delmar  township,  where  he  followed  his  trade  until  1828.  He  then  purchased 
a  farm  on  Jemison  creek,  in  Westfield  township,  and  conducted  a  farm  in  connection 
with  his  trade  until  1856,  when  he  removed  to  a  farm  near  the  village  of  West- 
field.  In  1863  he  went  to  Wellsville,  New  York,  where  he  lived  for  eighteen  years. 
Eetuming  to  Westfield  township  in  1881,  he  made  his  home  with  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Keziah  Bateheller,  until  his  death,  July  10,  1884,  in  his  ninety-fourth  year. 
His  wife,  Sarah,  was  a  daughter  of  James  and  Eoby  (Howland)  King,  of  Ehode 
Island,  and  a  descendant  of  John  Howland  and  Govemor  Winston,  of  Massachu- 
setts, who  came  over  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  She  bore  him  a  family  of  eight 
children,  who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:    Ira,  Eoby,  who  married  Henry  Crandall; 


918  HISTOET    or    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

James,  Loren,  Martha,  who  married  Joseph  Pickett;  Philander,  Keziah,  who  mar- 
ried Harrison  Bateheller,  and  Adriel  K.  Mr.  Sayles  is  one  of  the  well  remembered 
pioneers  of  the  community. 

Adeiel  K.  Sayles,  youngest  son  of  Christopher  and  Sarah  Sayles,  was  born 
in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  December  9,  1832.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  township,  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his  brother  James  and  others, 
and  afterwards  followed  that  business  for  twelve  years  as  a  journeyman.  He  served 
in  the  Eebellion  three  years,  as  a  sergeant  of  Company  A,  of  the  famous  Bucktail 
regiment,  enlisting  in  1861  and  being  honorably  discharged  in  1864.  Mr.  Sayles 
was  woimded  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  and  participated  in  nearly  every  battle 
in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  during  his  term  of  service.  In  1865  he  estab- 
lished a  blacksmith  shop  at  Edgcomb,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  he  has  carried 
on  the  same  business  at  Westfield,  doing  the  leading  business  in  his  line  in  the  bor- 
ough. In  1862  he  married  Martha  Bennett,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Betsy  (ShoufE) 
Beimett,  of  Elkland,  and  has  two  sons:  Edmund  K.,  and  Elmer  T.  Mr.  Sayles  is 
a  stanch  Eepublican,  is  a  member  of  Babcock  Post,  Ko.  358,  G.  A.  E.,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Westfield  Lodge,  JSTo.  477,  and  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  365,  P.  &  A.  M. 

Aethtje  L.  Bottum,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  what  is  now  Nelson  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  April  19, 1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Walter  C.  and  Content  (Culver) 
Bottum.  His  father  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1805,  was  a  son  of  Clark  and 
Hannah  (Clark)  Bottum,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1839,  his  parents  coming 
later  and  settling  in  Nelson  township.  Walter  C.  was  extensively  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  for  upwards  of  thirty  years,  and  during  this  period  he  erected 
three  saw-mills  in  the  Cowanesque  valley.  He  also  cleared  and  improved  a  farm 
in  Nelson  township,  upon  which  he  resided  until  1861,  when  he  removed  to  Wood- 
hull,  Steuben  county.  New  York.  In  1886  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  made 
his  home  with  his  son  in  Westfield  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1890,  in  the 
eighty-fifth  year  of  his  age.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Amasa  Culver,  a  native  of 
New  England  and  a  suiweyor  by  profession.  Her  father  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  Tioga  county,  and  owned  at  one  time  a  portion  of  the  land  now  embraced  in 
Wellsboro.  Mrs.  Content  Bottum,  mother  of  our  subject,  was  bom  in  what  is  now 
Nelson  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1810,  and  was  one  of  six  pupils  which  formed 
the  first  private  school  in  that  section  of  the  county.  She  was  the  mother  of  six 
children,  as  follows:  Dorothea,  Sarah,  who  married  Samuel  Hazlett;  Hannah,  who 
married  Lester  Dorrance;  Cornelia,  who  married  T.  A.  Patterson;  Clark,  and 
Arthur  L.  The  last  mentioned  was  reared  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Steuben  county.  New  York,  and  received  an  academical  education  at  the  Knoxville 
and  Woodhull  Academies.  In  1871  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Wil- 
liam T.  Humphrey,  of  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  later  took  a  course  of  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Detroit  Medical 
College,  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1875.  In  the  spring  of  that  year  he  located  at  West- 
field,  where  he  continued  to  practice  for  nine  years.  He  then  went  to  Europe 
and  took  a  special  course  at  the  Eoyal  Imperial  Hospital  of  Vienna,  whence 
he  returned  to  Westfield  to  continue  his  professional  duties.  Dr.  Bottum  has 
built  up  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
leading  physicians  of  his  native  county.     In  1891  he  established  a  private  hospital 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  919 


in  Westfield,  for  special  diseases  of  women  and  surgery,  which  has  proven  a  success- 
ful venture.  On  April  13,  1876,  Dr.  Bottum  was  married  to  Lettia,  daughter  of 
David  and  Isabel  (Tate)  Webber,  of  Westiield,  and  has  two  children:  Charles  N., 
and  Content  A.  The  Doctor  was  a  member  of  the  old  Tioga  County  Medical  Society 
during  its  existence,  and  in  June,  1896,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  present 
society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and  has  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  the  groiwth  and  progress  of  medical  science.  He  is  an  ardent  supporter 
of  the  Eepublican  party,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the 
K.  0.  T.  M. 

Joseph  Fhbdeeick  Etjgaber  was  bom  at  Hazleton,  Luzerne  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  16, 1855,  a  son  of  Christian  Z.  and  Mary  Gr.  (Pfiuger)  Rugaber,  natives 
of  Wurtemburg,  Germany.  His  father  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  1853,  and  located 
at  Hazleton,  removing  in  1857  to  Germania,  Potter  county,  where  he  cleared  a  farm 
from  the  wilderness.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  section  and  took  an  active 
part  in  building  the  first  public  highways  in  his  vicinity.  He  served  in  the  Re- 
bellion one  year,  as  a  member  of  Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
the  father  of  ten  children,  as  follows:  C.  Henry,  J.  Frederick,  Minnie,  who  married 
C.  N.  Rawson;  Christian  G.,  Sophia  B.,  who  married  Cyrus  Quick;  Pauline  C,  who 
married  Fred  Hagemann;  George  "W.,  Gottlieben  D.,  who  married  John  McKay; 
John,  and  Mary  M.,  wife  of  Fred  Daggett.  Mr.  Rugaber  died  in  1885.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the  homestead  in  Germania,  Potter  county,  and 
graduated  from  the  Wellsboro  Academy  in  1873.  In  1873  he  entered  on  an  appren- 
ticeship to  the  shoemaker's  trade,  and  served  three  years.  In  1876  he  engaged  in 
the  shoe  business  at  Westfield,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  ISTorthrup  &  Rugaber, 
which  partnership  existed  until  1881.  In  that  year  he  purchased  the  plant  of  the 
Free  Press,  at  Westfield,  which  he  canied  on  successfully  for  ten  years,  enlarging 
the  subscription  list  from  300  to  1,000  in  a  short  time,  and  changing  the  sheet  from 
a  four  to  an  eight-page  paper.  He  sold  the  plant  in  1891,  and  has  since  conducted 
a  job  printing  office  in  Westfield.  Since  1893  he  has  also  been  proprietor  of  a  variety 
store.  In  1883  he  married  Sophia  Baur,  a  daughter  of  John  J.  and  Amelia  Baur, 
of  Elmira,  New  York.  They  have  four  children:  Charles  F.,  Emma,  Arthur  and 
Walter.  Mr.  Rugaber  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church;  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  is  connected  with  Jemison  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Westfield,  Westfield 
Encampment,  Canton  Keystone  of  Wellsboro,  the  P.  &  A.  M.  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M, 

Edwaed  M.  Tttckee,  president  of  the  Farmers  and  Traders  Bank,  of  Westfield, 
was  born  in  Tr'oupsburg,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  February  31,  1839,  a  son  of 
John  and  Lydia  (Farwell)  Tucker.  His  paternal  grandparents,  Daniel  and  Sally 
J.  (Mackenzie)  Tucker,  were  of  Scotch  ancestry,  and  were  among  the  pioneers  of 
Chenango  county,  New  York,  where  they  eleai-ed  a  farm  from  the  primitive  forest 
which  is  still  in  the  possession  of  their  descendants.  Dajiiel  Tucker  was  the  yoimg- 
est  of  several  brothers  who  served  in  the  Revolution,  two  of  whom  died  in  the  ser- 
vice. The  maternal  grandparents  of  our  subject,  Abram  M.  and  Lydia  (Jackson) 
Farwell,  were  of  Puritan  stock.  His  father,  John  Tucker,  was  bom  in  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  May  8,  1797,  and  removed  to  Steuben  county  in  1837,  where 
he  engaged  in  lumbering.     He  afterwards  followed  agricultural  pursuits  and  cleared 


920  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

a  farm  which  is  still  owned  by  the  family.  He  was  the  father  of  eight  children, 
five  of  whom  grew  to  maturity  and  are  now  living,  as  follows:  EdAvard  M.,  Jeannette, 
wife  of  L.  A.  Williams;  Daniel  A.,  Catherine  S.,  wife  of  Oscar  P.  Spencer,  and 
Naomi.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead  in  Steuben 
county,  New  York,  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Oxford  Academy, 
and  commenced  life  as  a  farmer  in  his  native  county,  where  he  resided  until  1871. 
In  that  year  he  came  to  I'ioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1872  embarked  in 
merchandising  at  Little  Marsh,  in  which  he  continued  until  1877,  when  he  removed 
to  Westfield.  Here  he  followed  the  mercantile  business  in  connection  with  the  pur- 
chase of  tan  bark  for  the  Osceola  tannery  until  1885,  when  he  became  the  leading 
spirit  in  establishing  the  Farmers  and  Traders  Bank  of  Westfield,  the  only  banking 
house  in  the  borough.  It  proved  a  successful  business  venture,  and  is  recognized 
as  a  solid,  substantial  institution.  Mr.  Tucker  was  married  in  1863,  to  Esther  M. 
Perry,  a  daughter  of  Wooster  and  Maria  (Lucas)  Perry,  of  Woodhull,  Steuben 
county,  New  York.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Ema  L.,  wife  of  W.  E. 
Westbrook,  and  Perry  H.  Politically,  Mr.  Tucker  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member 
of  Ossea  Lodge,  No.  357,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  a  progressive  and  enter- 
prising citizen,  and  has  shown  his  public  spirit  in  many  ways  since  locating  in 
Westfield. 

John  Wesley  Smith  was  bom  in  Wayne,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  Pebruary 
1 1, 1852,  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Lydia  J.  Smith.  His  father  was  a  native  of  England, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  childhood.  He  was  reared  in 
Steuben  county.  New  York,  learned  the  carriage  maker's  trade,  and  carried  on  a 
shop  of  his  own.  He  married  Lydia  J.  Smith,  a  native  of  Orange  county.  New 
York,  where  her  parents  were  pioneers.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  union, 
viz:  John  Wesley,  George  S.,  deceased,  and  Carrie,  wife  of  Edward  Kniskem,  of 
Elmira.  In  religion,  Mr.  Smith  was  a  Methodist,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  took 
a  deep  interest  in  church  affairs.  He  died  Pebruary  23,  1890,  aged  seventy-two 
years.  His  widow  resides  in  Wayne,  New  York.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
reared  in  his  native  place,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  began  his  busi- 
ness life  in  1876  as  manager  of  Strock's  Hotel,  Woodhull,  New  York,  where  he 
remained  two  years.  In  the  spring  of  1878  he  came  to  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  as 
manager  of  the  Westfield  House,  and  in  November  of  the  same  year  purchased  the 
hotel,  which  he  has  successfully  conducted  up  to  the  present  time.  Mr.  Smith  was 
married  September  3,1876  ,  to  Maria  "VanGorden,  a  daughter  of  J.  D.  VanGorden, 
of  Barrington,  New  York.  One  daughter,  Inez,  was  born  to  this  union,  but  died 
in  infancy.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A,  M.; 
also  of  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  263,  and  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No.  38,  of  Wells- 
boro. Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive 
citizens  of  Westfield. 

Henry  Pick  was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  March  30, 1847,  a  son  of  Prederick 
and  Mary  (Wilson)  Eick,  who  came  to  America  in  1868  and  located  in  Hancock, 
Sullivan  county.  New  York.  In  1877  they  removed  to  Westfield,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  they  spent  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives.  They  had  a 
family  of  five  children,  viz:  Henry,  Mary,  wife  of  Hugh  McNellen;  Eicka,  deceased; 
Minnie,  wife  of  Henry  Eoner,  and  Betty,  wife  of  John  Weeks.     The  subject  of  this 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


921 


sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  remaining  there  until  1873,  and  then  immi- 
grated to  Sullivan  county,  New  York,  where  he  worked  in  a  tannery  three  years. 
In  1875  he  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  in  the 
employ  of  the  Cowanesque  tannery,  and  has  held  the  position  of  foreman  since 
1880.  Mr.  Eick  married  Augusta  Taggie,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Dora  Taggie, 
of  Germany.  Ten  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Charles,  Fred.,  Otto, 
deceased;  Frank,  Willie,  deceased;  Eoland,  Mary,  deceased;  Eddie,  Johnnie  and 
Essie.  Mr.  Eick  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church;  is  a  Eetpublieaji,  in  politics, 
and  is  connected  with  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  E.  A.  U.  societies. 

Claek  Kimball  was  born  at  Weare,  New  Hampshire,  April  31,  1803,  a  son 
of  Jonathan  and  grandson  of  Jonathan  Kimball,  both  natives  of  Massachusetts. 
In  1835  he  removed  to  Woodstock,  New  York,  and  in  1835  settled  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  for  many 
years,  and  also  in  farming  in  what  is  now  Osceola  borough.  He  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Clarissa  Cilley,  of  Woodstock,  New  York,  who  bore  him  four 
children,  one  of  whom  survives,  Laverne  L.  His  second  marriage  occurred  in  May, 
1841,  to  Hannah,  a  daughter  of  Clark  W.  Whittemore,  of  Lyndeborough,  New 
Hampshire,  and  grand-daughter  of  Jonathan  Whittemore,  a  son  of  Daniel  Whitte- 
more. She  bore  him  six  children,  three  of  whom  survive,  viz:  Orville  S.,  Alvin  C, 
and  Ida  H.  Although  not  a  member  of  any  religious  denomination,  he  was  a 
hberal  supporter  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  he  was  for  many 
years  a  Eepublican,  but  in  later  life  he  was  a  stanch  Prohibitionist. 

Alvin  C.  Kimball,  son  of  Clark  and  Hannah  Kimball,  was  born  in  what  is 
now  Osceola  borough,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1846,  was  reared  on 
the  homestead  farm,  and  educated  in  the  Osceola  High  School.  He  began  teaching 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  followed  that  vocation,  ofE  and  on  in  Tioga  county, 
and  later  in  Wellsville,  Missouri,  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1868  he  removed  to 
Wellsville,  where  he  owned  a  prairie  farm,  which  he  cultivated  up  to  1876,  when 
he  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  lived  on  the  old  homestead  at  Osceola  until  1881, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Westfield.  From  1880  to  1890  he  was 
engaged  in  the  portrait  and  view  business  in  various  sections  of  the  country.  On 
January  1, 1890,  he  purchased  the  plant  of  the  Free  Press,  at  Westfield,  which  paper 
he  has  since  made  one  of  the  brightest  and  newsiest  papers  in  the  county.  Mr. 
Kimball  was  married  October  5, 1867,  to  Lucy  L.,  a  daughter  of  Orrin  P.  and  Sarah 
N.  (Morse)  Eice,  of  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county.  They  are  the  parents  of 
two  living  children:  Claude  C.  and  Orrin  E.  Mr.  Kimball  and  wife  are  members  of 
the  TJniversalist  church  of  Westfield.  He  is  connected  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the 
I.  0.  0.  F.  of  Westfield.  Politically,  he  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  has  served  in  the 
borough  council  of  Westfield  for  three  years. 

Oeville  S.  Kimball,  son  of  Clark  and  Hannah  (Whittemore)  Kimball,  was 
bom  in  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  4,  1843.  In  1847  his  parents 
moved  to  the  farm,  where  he  practically  resided  until  1893.  In  February,  1863,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Third  New  York  Volunteers,  for  three 
years  or  during  the  war.  The  regiment  was  a  few  days  later  ordered  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  thence  to  Annapolis,  Maryland,  and  embarked  on  the  United  States 
steamer  Errieson.     After  a  stormy  voyage  of  five  days  it  was  landed  at  Hatteras 


922  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Inlet,  North   Carolina,   and  the  following  day,  April   1st,  proceeded  by  a  river 
steamer  to  New  Berne.     Mr.  Kimball's  company  was  on  outpost  duty  at  Evans' 
Mills,  seven  miles  from  New  Berne,  until  April  20,  1863,  and  was  then  detached 
with  two  other  companies  and  sent  to  Hatteras  Island  for  guard  duty.     Corporal 
Kimball,  with  a  detachment  of  twenty  men,  was  sent  to  Cape  Hatteras  Lighthouse, 
as  guard.      September  1st,  they  received  orders  and  joined  the  regiment  on  the 
29th,  at  Antietam  Creek,  Maryland,  and  marched  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
to  Fredericksburg,  Virginia.     The  army  crossed  the  Eappahannock  on  December 
13,  charged  Marye's  Heights  on  the  14th  and  recrossed  the  river  on  the  15th.     In 
February,  1863,  the  regiment  came  to  Newport  News,  and  a  month  later  to  Suffolk, 
Virginia,  where  it  was  during  the  siege  of  that  place,  which  ended  in  a  hard  fought 
battle,  May  3,  1863,  in  which  the  regiment  sustained   heavy  loss.     It  was   near 
Portsmouth,  Virginia,  May  27,  1863;   Yorktown,  June  22;  White  House  Landing, 
July  1;  Taylor's  Farm  and  Hanover  Jimction,  July  4,  and  destroyed  the  railroad, 
cutting  off  Lee's  communication  with  Richmond;   returned  to  Portsmouth,  July 
13,  and  landed  at  Folly  Island,  South  Carolina,  August  2,  1863.      Mr.  Kimball 
re-enlisted  in  the  field,  in  same  company  and  regiment,  at  Folly  Island,  in  February, 
1864.     He  was  at  James  Island,  South  Carolina,  from  July  2nd  to  the  10th,  1864, 
and  while  commanding  a  skirmish  line,  his  boot  sole  was  shot  away  by  a  grape  shot. 
He  was  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  August,  and  later  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  until 
December,  1864.     He  was  at  Bermuda   Front  from   January   until   April,  1865. 
After  the  close  of  hostilities,  he  was  on  detached  service  at  Petersburg,  and  Surry 
Court  House,  Virginia,  in  the  subsistence  department,  until    mustered   out,   De- 
cember 16,  1865.     He  was  promoted  to  sergeant  in  September,  1862,  and  to  orderly 
sergeant  in  December,  following.      On  October  24,  1866,  he  married  Mary  L.,  a 
daughter  of  Charles  D.  and  Lucretia  (Weeks)  Cameron,  of  Osceola,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  went  to  housekeeping  on  the  old  homestead  farm.     Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union:  Ernest  Harlan,  Ida  Grace,  and  Bessie  May.     In 
1880  he  was  commissioned  a  Justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  the  office  for  ten  con- 
secutive years.     He  is  a  charter  member  of  Capt.  A.  J.  Sofield  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  of 
Osceola,  of  which  he  was    commander  four    successive  terms,  quartermaster    one 
term,  and  adjutant  eight  terms.     In  March,  1891,  Mr.  Kimball  accepted  a  position' 
with  the  Free  Press,  of  Westfield,  with  which  paper  he  was  editorially  connected 
for  nearly  five  years.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  also  of 
the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  he  and  family  are  members  of  the  Grange  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 
In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  gives  an  earnest  support  to  the  principles  of  that  party. 
Eenest  Haelan  Kimball,  only  son  of  Orville  S.  and  Mary  L.  Kimball,  was 
bom  at  Osceola,  Tioga  county,  March  22, 1868.     In  early  life  he  showed  an  aptitude 
for  photography,  and  has  always  been  identified  with  that  business,  which  he  has 
prosecuted  quite  successfully  at  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  also  in  Kentucky,  Indiana, 
and  different  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  as  well  as  at  Camden,  New  Jersey,  and 
other  places.     In  January,  1894,  he  located  permanently  at  Westfield,  where  he 
has  established  a  fine  studio  and  has  built  up  a  successful  business.     Mr.  Kimball 
was  married  April  23, 1891,  to  Miss  May  L.  Davies,  of  Westfield,  to  which  union  has 
been  bom  a  son,  Harlan  D.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  also  a  member 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  923 


of  Westfield  Tent,  No.  155,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  a  charter  member  of  Fleetfoot  Tribe, 
No.  366, 1.  0.  E.  M.,  of  Westfield. 

Wilson  Davis,  eldest  son  of  Jared  and  Parmelia  DaTis,  early  settlers  of  Clymer 
township,  was  born  in  Cortland  county.  New  York,  and  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  with  his  parents  early  in  the  century.  He  began  his  business  career 
as  a  lumberman  on  Pine  creek,  which  business  he  continued  for  many  years.  He 
later  engaged  in  farming  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties,  and  died  in  the  latter  July 
13,  1877,  in  his  sixtieth  year.  His  wife  was  Esther  Pease,  a  daughter  of  Abram 
and  Cynthia  (Bowen)  Pease,  of  Westfield  township,  who  bore  him  three  children: 
Frank  M.,  Emmett,  and  Hattie,  wife  of  Uri  Lucas.  Mr.  Davis  was  a  Democrat 
in  politics,  and  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Fhank  M.  Davis,  eldest  son  of  Wilson  and  Esther  Davis,  was  bom  in  Clymer 
township,  Tioga  county,  August  14,  1853.  He  grew  to  maturity  in  Potter  and 
Tioga  counties,  attending  the  public  schools  during  boyhood,  and  after  attaining 
his  majority  he  followed  lumbering  for  seven  years,  and  for  five  years  was  a 
farmer  in  Westfield.  He  was  a  clerk  ten  years  at  the  Westfield  House,  in  West- 
field,  and  served  one  year  in  the  same  capacity  at  the  Coles  House,  in  Wellsboro. 
In  1893  he  embarked  in  the  grocery  and  bakery  business  at  Westfield,  in  which  he 
still  continues.  Mr.  Davis  was  married  June  10,  1883,  to  Ida  Hoffman,  of  Clinton 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  John  W.,  Perley,  and  Hazel. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Davis  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  West- 
field;  Westfield  Encampment,  No.  272;  Canton  Keystone,  No.  5,  of  Wellsboro;  also 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the  K.  of  H.,  and  is  First  Sachem  of  Fleetfoot  Tribe,  No.  366, 
I.  0.  E.  M. 

Elisha  S.  Hoeton  was  born  in  Spring  Mills,  Allegany  county,  New  York,  July 
10, 1842,  a  son  of  Elias  and  Almira  (Knox)  Horton,  and  is  descended  from  Puritan 
ancestry.  His  ancestors  on  the  paternal  side,  tradition  says,  came  to  America  in 
the  Mayflower,  in  1620.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Wolcott,  Connecticut,  was  a 
millwright  and  carpenter,  and  settled  in  early  manhood  in  the  Cowanesque  valley. 
He  married  there  and  later  located  at  Spring  Mills,  Allegany  county,  New  York, 
where  he  reared  his  family.  In  1865  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  locating  at 
Lawrenceville,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1882,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine 
years.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  William  Knox,  a  pioneer  of  Tioga  county,  in 
whose  honor  the  borough  of  Knoxville  was  named.  Eleven  children  were  the 
fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Alonzo  B.,  Ira,  Elias,  William,  Sarah,  who  married 
Christopher  Prutsman;  Elisha  S.,  John  C.,Myra,  who  married  J.  C.  Doane; 
Chauncey,  Emily  and  Mary.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to  manhood  at  Spring 
Mills,  New  York,  and  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Ulysses 
Academy.  On  August  25,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Forty-sixth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  was  promoted  to  second  sergeant  in  1864.  He  served  in  the 
battles  of  Winchester,  and  Chancellorsville,  and  was  with  Sherman  on  his  celebrated 
March  to  the  Sea.  He  was  taken  prisoner  twice,  first  at  Winchester,  where  he 
spent  two  months  doing  hospital  duty,  and  was  then  exchanged.  He  was  again 
taken  prisoner  at  Chancellorsville,  and  after  spending  two  months  in  Libby,  Castle 
Thunder  and  Belle  Island  prisons,  was  paroled  and  sent  to  Annapolis,  Maryland, 
where  he  was  exchanged.     He  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Dechard  Station,  Tennessee, 


924  HisTOBT  or  tioga  county. 


and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  30, 1865. 
He  then  located  at  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  and  was  engaged  in  farming  two 
years;  next  went  to  Blossburg  and  entered  the  hardware  busiaess,  which  he  fol- 
lowed four  years,  and  then  embarked  in  the  furniture  and  undertaking  business, 
in  which  he  continued  for  the  same  period.  He  later  engaged  in  general  mer- 
chandising for  two  years,  when  he  was  appointed  administrator  of  his  father-in- 
law's  estate.  After  settling  it  up  he  again  engaged  in  farming,  but  in  December, 
1882,  was  appointed  station  and  express  agent  at  Westfield,  for  the  Pall  Brook  Eail- 
road  Company,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Horton  was  married  in  1872,  to  Kate 
Campbell,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Helen  (Peaslee)  Campbell,  of  Nelson,  and  has 
four  children:  Prank  G.,  Nellie  C,  Harry  J.  and  Arthur  E.  In  politics,  Mr.  Horton 
is  a  Eepublican.  He  is  a  member  of  Babcock  Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield, 
and  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A.  M. 

Asaph  T.  Kunkel,  M.  D.,  was  bom  ia  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  15, 

1859,  a  son  of  Daniel  S.  and  Catherine  (Trexler)  Kunkel.  He  was  reared  upon  the 
homestead  farm,  and  after  obtaining  a  common  school  education,  he  attended  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Kutztown,  and  Muhlenburg  College,  at  AUentown,  Penn- 
sylvania. In  1880  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  A.  L.  Bottum,  of 
Westfield,  Tioga  county,  and  afterwards  read  under  Dr.  J.  W.  Chambers,  of  Balti- 
more, Maryland.  He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  the  latter  city  in  1883,  and  at  once  located  in  practice  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county, 
where  he  has  since  prosecuted  the  duties  of  his  profession.  On  September  25, 1884, 
he  married  Dollie  Parker,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  P.  and  Euth  (Kelley)  Parker,  of 
Brookfield,  Pennsylvania.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  Euth  and 
Kate.  Dr.  Kunkel  is  a  member  of  the  Hornellsville  Medical  Society,  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  and  the  Tioga  County  Medical  Society.  He  is  a  member  of 
Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A.  M.;  Jemison  Lodge,  No.  332,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of 
Westfield,  and  Westfield  Encampment. 

John  E.  Dengle  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  28, 

1860,  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Blinn)  Dengle,  both  natives  of  Germany.  His  father 
came  to  the  United  States  about  1850,  and  located  in  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  but 
removed  to  Wellsboro  prior  to  1860,  where  he  still  resides.  Por  some  years  he  was 
engaged  in  farming  in  Delmar  township.  His  children  were  John  E.,  Louisa,  wife 
of  Herbert  Severson;  Samuel  L.,  and  Anna,  wife  of  William  P.  Jordan.  Our  subject 
was  reared  in  Wellsboro,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  In  1877  he  entered 
the  employ  of  White  Brothers,  grocers,  of  Wellsboro,  in  whose  services  he  remained 
imtil  the  fall  of  1883.  He  then  removed  to  Gaines,  where  he  was  manager  of  the 
store,  warehouse  and  lumber  business  of  Charles  H.  Eexford,  until  May,  1885,  when 
he  located  at  Westfield,  and  has  since  been  successfully  engaged  in  the  grocery  and 
crockery  business.  Mr.  Dengle  was  married  Pebmary  21,  1883,  to  Elizabeth  U. 
Eexford,  a  daughter  of  Charles  H.  and  Alwilda  (Vermilyea)  Eexford,  of  Gaines, 
and  grand-daughter  of  Horace  Vermilyea,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  that  section 
of  the  county.  One  daughter,  Alwilda  M.,  was  bom  to  this  union.  Mr.  Dengle  is 
a  member  of  Jemison  Lodge,  No.  232, 1.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Westfield;  Westfield  Encamp- 
ment, No.  272,  and  Canton  Keystone,  No.  5,  of  Wellsboro;   the  Grand  Lodge  of 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  925 


Pennsylvania,  and  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M.     In  politics,  he  is  a 
stanch  Democrat,  and  was  elected  burgess  of  Westfield  in  February,  1897. 

John  C.  Edgcomb,  conductor  on  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad,  was 
bom  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  September  36,  1865,  a 
son  of  Orson  and  Almira  (Tremain)  Edgcomb.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Samuel 
Edgcomb,  came  from  Broome  county.  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
at  an  early  day;  was  a  cooper  by  trade,  and  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Cowanesque 
valley.  His  maternal  grandfather,  John  M.  Tremain,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Tioga  county,  as  was  also  his  maternal  great-grandfather,  Lyman  Tremain,  both 
of  whom  have  sketches  in  this  chapter.  Orson  Edgcomb  was  engaged  in  lumbering 
in  early  manhood,  and  was  later  a  farmer  and  hotel-keeper  at  Cowanesque.  His 
children  were  as  follows:  Hester  A.,  wife  of  George  Daugherty;  John  C,  and 
Charles  W.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Westfield  township,  and  obtained  his  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools.  He  then  became  an  employe  of  a  sash  and  blind 
factory  at  Cowanesque,  where  he  worked  for  three  years.  In  1884  he  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Eaikoad  Company,  as  a  brakeman,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1891  was  promoted  to  passenger  conductor,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Mr. 
Edgcomb  was  married  April  34,  1889,  to  Kittle  Melvin,  a  daughter  of  Edward  and 
Catherine  (Loftus)  Melvin,  of  Gouldsboro,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  one  daughter, 
Faye  A. 

John  Eieppel  was  born  in  Hopfau,  Bavaria,  Germany,  June  8,  1837,  a  son  of 
Albert  and  Theresa  (Schrembs)  Eieppel,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1873 
and  located  in  Eenovo,  Pennsylvania.  His  mother  died  there,  and  is  buried  in 
North  Bend  Cemetery.  His  father  was  an  iron  worker,  and  was  employed  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company  for  several  years.  After  eleven  years'  residence 
in  Eenovo,  he  returned  to  Germany,  and  died  there  in  1889,  aged  seventy-nine 
years.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  was  educated  in  the 
Industrial  and  Polytechnic  School,  and  by  profession  is  a  mechanical  engineer.  For 
seven  years  he  was  connected  with  his  father  in  the  machinery  and  foundry  business 
in  Germany.  In  1871  he  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  and  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad  Company  at  Eenovo,  where  he  worked  as  a  machinist  for 
twelve  years.  In  1883  he  removed  to  Gaines,  Tioga  county,  and  carried  on  a  ma- 
chine shop  four  years,  when  he  was  burned  out,  and  then  located  in  Westfield  town- 
ship, establishing  his  present  foundry  and  machine  shop,  which  he  has  since  success- 
fully conducted.  In  1871  he  married  Anna  KoUer,  a  daughter  of  Christopher 
KoUer,  of  Eenovo.  They  are  the  parents  of  five  children,  viz:  George,  Maggie, 
Martin,  Emma  and  John.  Mr.  Eieppel  is  a  member  of  Eenovo  Lodge,  No.  495, 
P.  &  A.  M.,  and  in  politics,  he  is  independent. 

NiMEOD  Stott,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Nimrod  Stott  &  Sons,  was  bom 
in  Yorkshire,  England,  May  8, 1836,  and  is  a  son  of  Hartley  and  Nannie  (Peal)  Stott. 
He  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  and  at  the  age  of  eight  years  began  working  in  a 
stone  quarry,  at  which  he  served  a  thorough  apprenticeship  in  all  its  branches, 
and  has  followed  the  business  for  over  half  a  century.  In  1891  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  part- 
nership with  his  sons,  George,  Harry  and  Nimrod,  purchased  the  stone  quarry 
at  that  place.  They  have  since  so  successfully  developed  and  operated  it,  that  it 
now  produces  the  finest  grade  of  stone  for  building  and  flagging  purposes.     Their 


926  HisTOEY  or  tioga  county. 

product  finds  a  ready  market  in  Westfield  and  nearby  towns,  while  large  shipments 
are  also  occasionally  made  to  Elmira,  Kew  York.  The  handsome  new  Episcopal 
church  at  Westfield  is  constructed  of  stone  from  this  quarry,  and  it  has  heen  used 
in  many  other  buildings  in  Westfield,  while  all  the  stone  sidewalks  in  the  borough 
have  been  taken  from  this  quarry.  The  business  has  become  one  of  the  leading 
industries  of  the  borough.  Mr.  Stott  was  married  in  England,  to  Maria  Jewett,  a 
daughter  of  John  Jewett,  of  England,  and  has  four  living  children,  viz:  George, 
Harry,  Nimrod,  and  Lucy,  wife  of  John  Beach.  The  firm  of  Mmrod  Stott  &  Som 
is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial  ones  of  Westfield. 

John  N".  Mead  was  bom  in  New  Jersey,  in  1810,  and  in  early  manhood  Uved 
in  Ludlow ville,  New  York,  where  he  was  engaged  in  contracting  and  in  the  car- 
riage and  foundry  business.  In  1857  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Chatham  township,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  his  death,  AprU 
1,  1872.  He  was  a  son  of  Eobert  and  Kebecca  (Nichols)  Mead.  His  first  wife, 
Sarah,  was  a  daughter  of  William  Brown,  of  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  and  had 
two  children:  William  B.  and  Emily  C.  His  second  wife  was  Maria  H.  Newton, 
of  the  same  county,  who  became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  John  N.,  Celia 
A.,  wife  of  Egbert  Woodcock;  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  Horatio  Chisholm;  Marian  A., 
Maria  B.,  wife  of  Homer  Hawley;  Ada  E.,  wife  of  Alfred  Short,  and  Ward.  Mr. 
Mead  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  polities,  an  adherent 
of  the  Eepublican  party. 

William  B.  Mead,  only  son  of  John  N.  and  Sarah  (Brown)  Mead,  was  bom 
in  Ludlowville,  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  April  11, 1839,  and  was  eighteen  years 
old  when  his  parents  removed  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the 
common  schools,  and  also  Union  Academy,  at  Academy  Comers,  and  in  1862  be- 
'  came  an  apprentice  in  a  sash  and  blind  factory,  which  business  he  has  since  followed. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Plank,  Krusen  &  Company,  of  Westfield,  since 
1893..  Mr.  Mead  was  married  in  1867,  to  Viola,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Cynthia 
L.  (Thompson)  Freeborn,  of  Knoxville.  His  second  wife  was  Eva  M.  Benedict,  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  Elisha  and  Emily  (Eyon)  Benedict,  of  Elkland.  They  have  had 
two  children,  only  one  of  whom,  Harry,  is  now  living.  Mr.  Mead  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  H.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  during  his  residence  in  Elkland  he  was  a  Justice  of  the  peace  for  two  years. 

E.  J.  Neal,  proprietor  of  livery  stables,  was  born  in  Ulysses,  Potter  county, 
Pennsylvania,  January  22,  1870,  a  son  of  John  W.  and  Mary  J.  (Bailey)  Neal.  He 
was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  On 
attaining  his  majority,  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  at  Mills,  Potter  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  in  1893,  he  located  at  Westfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has 
since  been  connected  with  the  livery  business.  In  June,  1893,  he  married  Miss 
Bertha  Stone,  of  East  Charleston,  Tioga  county.  In  politics,  Mr.  Neal  is  a  Eepub- 
lican. 

Asa  Hill,  proprietor  of  the  American  House,  Westfield,  was  bom  in  Ulster 
county.  New  York,  July  9,  1856,  a  son  of  John  and  Harriet  (Bowers)  Hill,  and  of 
English  descent.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  where  he  attended  the  public 
schools,  and  in  1879  removed  to  Laporte,  Sullivan  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  employed  by  the  Laporte  Tannery  Company,  for  two  years.     In  1880  he  located 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  927 


at  Coudersport,  Potter  county,  where  he  worked  one  season  in  the  lumber  woods, 
and  after  a  varied  business  career,  he  started  a  restaurant  and  billiard  hall  at  Gale- 
ton,  Potter  county,  in  1886,  which  he  conducted  seven  years.  In  February,  1894, 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hill  &  Eohrbach,  he  purchased  the  American  Hotel 
property  at  Westfield,  which  has  since  been  thoroughly  remodeled  and  fitted  up 
vrith  modern  improvements,  and  under  Mr.  Hill's  mangement  has  obtained  a  fine 
reputation.  He  married  Carrie  Eohrbach,  a  daughter  of  John  Eohrbach,  of  Ger- 
mania,  Pennsylvania,  in  April,  1887,  and  has  one  daughter.  May.  Mr.  Hill  is  a 
member  of  Galeton  Lodge,  No.  1014,  I.  0.  0.  P.;  Westfield  Encampment,  N'o.  272, 
and  Canton  Keystone,  No.  5,  of  "Wellsboro.     Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

John  Eohebach  was  bom  in  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  May  6,  1862,  a  son 
of  John  and  Catherine  (Yagge)  Eohrbach,  both  natives  of  Germany.  In  1886  the 
family  located  at  Germania,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  father,  who 
was  a  carpenter,  died  in  1889.  He  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  six  are 
now  living,  viz:  Kate,  wife  of  Michael  Kerry;  Mrs.  John  Applalf,  Lucy,  Andrew, 
John  and  Michael.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1886,  where  he  worked  as 
a  lumberman  for  six  years.  In  February,  1894,  in  partnership  with  Asa  Hill,  he 
purchased  the  American  Hotel  at  Westfield,  which  they  conducted  together,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Hill  &  Eohrbach,  until  Mr.  Eohrbach's  removal  to  Addison,  New 
York,  in  1895.  He  was  married  in  1884,  to  Libbie  Abbel,  of  Germania,  Potter 
county.  In  politics,  Mr.  Eohrbach  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  0. 
U.  W. 

Gbokge  0.  Manwabing  was  bom  in  Smyrna,  Chenango  county,  New  York, 
March  10,  1863,  a  son  of  Daniel  0.  and  Helen  A.  (Wilber)  Manwaring.  The 
family  is  of  English  descent,  and  of  Puritan  stock.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his 
native  county,  attended  the  common  schools  in  early  boyhood,  and  at  the  age  of 
eleven  years  began  working  by  the  month  on  a  farm,  in  which  -vocation  he 
continued  nine  years.  He  then  went  to  Syracuse,  New  York,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  clerking  for  five  years,  and  in  1888  came  to  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania.  For 
a  short  time  he  was  employed  as  a  book-keeper  in  a  lumber  office,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  lumbering  on  his  own  account  for  one  year.  In  1892  he  located  at 
Brookfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  conducted  a  general  store,  and  also  filled  the 
position  of  postmaster,  up  to  April  1,  1894,  when  he  removed  to  Westfield  borough, 
where  he  has  since  carried  on  one  of  the  leading  grocery  stores  of  the  town.  Mr. 
Manwaring  was  married  November  11,  1891,  to  Lizzie  M.  Pedley,  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Martha  (Malone)  Pedley,  of  Baldwinsville,  New  York.  In  politics,  he 
is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Baptist  church. 

John  Yottmans,  Se.,  was  bom  in  New  Jersey,  May  12,  1811,  and  came  in 
boyhood  with  his  parents  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county.  They  were  for- 
merly from  New  Jersey,  and  were  among  the  pioneers  of  this  section  of  the  county. 
John  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Chatham  township,  and  later  cleared 
several  farms,  one  in  Covington,  and  one  in  Eiehmond,  and  also  jobbed  for  others. 
His  wife,  Sarah,  was  a  daughter  of  Jacob  A.  I.  Johnson,  of  Covington  township, 
and  they  were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  viz:  Harriet,  who  married  Harry 
Cleveland;  Miles,  Martha,  who  married,   Z.  M.  P.  Baird;  John,  William,  Alphonso 


928  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

J.,  Charlotte,  wife  of  Edwin  Kloek,  and  Adelaide,  who  married  Contine  Connelly. 
Mr.  Youmans  died  January  26,  1859.     His  wife  died  in  the  fall  of  1863. 

John  Yotjmans,  second  son  of  John  and  Sarah  Youmans^  was  bom  in  Cov- 
ington township,  Tioga  county,  February  2, 1841.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Mansfield  Classical  Seminary,  and  began  life  as  a  teacher.  He 
taught  for  several  terms,  and  was  the  first  principal  of  the  graded  school  at  Coving- 
ton. In  the  meantime  he  had  engaged  in  farming,  and  in  1880  removed  from 
Covington  to  Chatham  township,  where  he  partially  cleared  and  improved  a  farm. 
In  1888  he  located  in  Knoxville,  and  engaged  in  the  sewing  machine  business  as  a 
salesman  for  the  Singer  Manufacturing  Company,  removing  to  Westfield  in  April, 
1894.  He  is  now  located  in  Athens,  Bradford  county,  where  he  is  general  agent  of 
the  Singer  Company.  Mr.  Youmans  was  married  February  15,  1863,  to  Elizabeth 
Wallace,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Isabel  (Baird)  "Wallace,  of  Hazleton,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  five  children,  viz:  Lizzie  B.,  wife  of  George  Beach;  Lottie,  wife  of 
William  H.  Husted;  Ella,  wife  of  Fred  J.  Wood;  Myron  L.,  and  Arthur.  In  poli- 
tics, he  is  independent,  has  served  as  auditor  of  Tioga  county  one  term,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  H. 

Daniel  Hunt,  a  native  of  Muncy,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  born  in 
1796,  was  a  son  of  WilHam  and  Kancy  (Colbom)  Hunt,  and  a  grandson  of  Wilson 
Hunt,  a  native  of  Cheshire,  England,  who  was  driven  from  his  native  land  because 
of  his  religious  opinions,  and  at  an  early  day  settled  in  Warren  county,  New 
Jersey,  whence  he  removed  to  Scipio,  New  York.  The  parents  of  our  subject 
immigrated  to  Muncy,  Pennsylvania,  and  later  removed  to  Lansing,  New  York, 
where  they  died.  His  father,  William  Hunt,  entered  the  Continental  army  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  and  served  during  the  last  three  years  of  the  war.  Daniel  Hunt 
was  reared  in  Lansing,  New  York,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  in  1840 
settled  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  on  the  farm  now  owned  and  occupied 
by  his  son  Barton,  which,  with  the  assistance  of  his  sons,  he  cleared  and  improved. 
There  he  resided  until  his  death,  December  14,  1862,  in  his  sixty-seventh  year. 
His  wife  was  Sarah  Knapp,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Knapp,  of  Dryden,  New  York. 
They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  viz:  Samuel,  Barton,  Ann,  who  married 
John  Brown;  Isaac,  who  married  Catharine  Whitmarsh;  Charity,  who  married 
Dewey  Whitmarsh;  Harriet,  wife  of  James  Labar;  Betsey,  Preelove,  and  AdeUne, 
wife  of  John  Eowland. 

Babton  Hunt,  second  son  of  Daniel  Hunt,  was  bom  in  Ithaca,  New  York, 
November  13,  1824,  was  reared  in  Tompkins  county  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  and 
then  removed  with  his  parents  to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  assisted  in  clearing  the  old  homestead,  which  he  now  owns  and  occupies, 
and  where  he  has  resided  since  coming  to  this  county.  For  twenty-two  years  he 
followed  lumbering,  and  was  also  a  pilot  for  twenty  years  on  Pine  creek  and  the 
Susquehanna  river,  from  Gaines  to  Fort  Deposit  and  Columbia.  He  is  an  adept 
with  the  jack-knife,  and  has  more  than  a  local  reputation  for  making  anything 
that  can  be  whittled  out  with  an  ordinary  pen-knife.  Mr.  Hunt  was  married  No- 
vember 13,  1859,  to  Anna  Douglass,  a  daughter  of  William  A.  and  Salina  L.  (Han- 
cock) Douglass,  of  Clymer  toT^Tiship,  and  has  had  four  children:  Ada,  deceased; 
Effie  M.,  wife  of  Clawson  McMindes;  William  Sherman,  deceased,  and  Charle*  B. 


7^A,  A^  c^a^^^^ 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  929 


In  politics,  Mr.  Hunt  is  a  Democrat,  has  held  various  local  offices  in  his  township, 
is  a  good  farmer  and  respected  citizen. 

John  Whitmaesh  was  bom  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  about  1810,  there 
grew  to  manliood,  and  in  1843  settled  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Cornelius  Bush.  He  cleared  a  portion  of 
it,  and  resided  in  this  township  until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three  years. 
He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Catherine  Hilsinger,  of  Oneonta,  New  York, 
was  a  daughter  of  Michael  Hilsinger,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  She  bore  him  one 
son,  Alexander.  His  second  wife  was  Eleanor  Hilsinger,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife. 
Seven  children  were  born  to  this  union,  viz :  Catherine,  wife  of  Isaac  Hunt;  Dewey, 
Jacob,  Amelia,  wife  of  Jonathan  Weeks;  Frances,  wife  of  Oscar  Butler;  Lucinda, 
wife  of  William  Case,  and  Susan,  who  married  Herbert  Moore. 

Dewet  Whitmaesh,  son  of  John  and  Eleanor  Whitmarsh,  was  bom  in 
Oneonta,  New  York,  March  13,  1833,  and  was  ten  years  old  when  his  parents  set- 
tled in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  obtained 
a  Hmited  education  in  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  commenced 
life  for  himself,  as  a  farmer,  and  in  1866  located  on  fifty  acres  of  land  in  Westfield 
township,  which  he  still  occupies,  all  of  which  he  cleared  and  improved.  In  1851 
he  married  Charity  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  (Knapp)  Hunt,  of  West- 
field,  and  is  the  father  of  six  children,  viz:  William,  Charles,  Lavina,  wife  of  Lewis 
Breese;  Alice,  wife  of  Ered  Beach;  James,  and  Nettie,  wife  of  Charles  Eoe.  In 
February,  1864,  Mr.  Whitmarsh  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Second  Pennsylvania 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Cold  Harbor, 
North  Anna,  James  Eiver,  and  Petersburg.  He  was  wounded  in  the  last  mentioned 
engagement,  June  17,  1864,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  in 
February,  1866.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Gr.  A.  E. 

Aaeon-  L.  S.  Leach  was  bom  in  Niagara  county.  New  York,  August  6,  1813,  a 
son  of  Willard  and  Irene  (Brown)  Leach,  natives  of  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  State,  where  he  served  an  apprenticeship  at  the  shoemaker's 
trade,  which  occupation  he  followed  for  some  years  in  New  York  state,  and  fox  a 
short  period  after  his  permanent  settlement  in  this  county,  in  1840.  In  later  life  he 
engaged  in  farming  in  Westfield  township,  clearing  a  part  of  the  land  now  owned 
by  James  Vincent,  and  also  followed  various  other  occupations,  including  dealing 
ia  horses,  hotel  keeping,  and  for  a  short  time  was  in  the  grocery  business  at  West- 
field.  He  was  a  tireless,  energetic  man,  and  changed  his  business  as  often  as  cir- 
cumstances warranted.  Mr.  Leach  was  married  March  8, 1843,  to  Mary  P.  Bennett, 
a  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Betsey  (Shoff)  Bennett.  She  was  bom  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  James  V.,  a  lawyer  by  pro- 
fession, who  died  in  1875,  in  his  thirty-first  year;  Virgil  V.,  deceased;  Frank  V., 
George  V.,  deceased;  Eoss  V.,  Mary  V.,  deceased,  and  William  V.  Mr.  Leach  died 
January  25,  1890,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year. 

Eoss  V.  Leach,  son  of  Aaron  L.  S.  Leach,  was  bom  in  Westfield,  Tioga  county, 
June  9,  1853,  and  obtained  a  public  school  education.  He  commenced  life  for 
himself  working  on  a  farm  by  the  month.  In  1878,  with  his  brother,  Frank  V.,  he 
purchased  100  acres  of  land  in  Westfield  township,  and  shortly  afterwards  bought 
his  brother's  interest.     He  lived  upon  his  farm  until  1893,  when  he  removed  to 

59 


930  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Westfield  borough,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  Mr.  Leach  was  married 
March  13,  1878,  to  Almeda  Converse,  a  daughter  of  Frank  and  Adelia  (Jones)  Con- 
verse, of  Steuben  county,  New  York.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Leon 
V.  and  Mna  V.     In  politics,  Mr.  Leach  is  a  stanch  Democrat. 

Chaeles  H.  Metcalf  was  bom  in  Susquehanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1803, 
a  son  of  Daniel  and  Jedidah  (Lacy)  Metcalf,  natives  of  Connecticut,  and  pioneers 
of  Susquehanna  county.  He  was  reared  in  that  county,  and  there  learned  the 
cooper's  trade.  In  1827  he  settled  in  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  where  he 
cleared  a  farm  of  300  acres,  upon  which  he  resided  until  1843.  In  that  year  he  re- 
moved to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  cleared  a  portion  of  a  100- 
acre  farm.  In  1833  he  married  Sarah  A.  Potter,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and 
Matilda  (Aldrich)  Potter,  pioneers  of  Westfield  township.  Four  children  were  bom 
to  this  union,  viz:  Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Peter  Edgcomb;  James  H.,  Mary  E.,  wife  of 
Charles  A.  Gilbert,  and  Stephen  L.  Mr.  Metcalf  was  prominent  in  temperance 
circles,  and  died  July  39,  1878,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

James  H.  Metcalf,  eldest  son  of  Charles  H.  and  Sarah  A.  Metcalf,  was  born 
in  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  34,  1838,  and  was  five 
years  old  when  his  parents  located  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county.  He  ob- 
tained his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Union  Academy,  Academy  Comers, 
and  later  learned  the  mason's  trade,  which  he  followed  seventeen  years.  On  Au- 
gust 13,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  was  honorably  discharged  May  39,  1863.  He  re-enlisted 
February  39,  1864,  in  Battery  P,  Second  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery,  and  was 
finally  discharged  from  the  service  May  39,  1866.  He  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Peters- 
burg, and  other  engagements.  He  entered  the  service  as  third  sergeant,  and  was 
promoted  to  first  sergeant.  During  his  second  term  he  was  commissary  sergeant 
of  Battery  I,  Provisional  Heavy  Artillery,  and  for  twenty  months  was  on  detached 
service  in  the  chief  quartermaster's  department  of  Appomattox,  under  Capt.  C.  W. 
Folsom.  Since  1868  Mr.  Metcalf  has  been  engaged  in  farming  in  Westfield  town- 
ship, and  has  also  followed  his  trade  when  convenient.  He  was  married  February 
4, 1864,  to  Philena  Tanner,  a  daughter  of  A.  B.  and  Dorcas  M.  (Koblyer)  Tanner,  of 
Clymer  township,  and  has  three  children:  Minnie,  Estella  and  Jennie.  He  mar- 
ried a  second  time,  in  1878,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Aldrich,  nee  Dodge,  of  Westfield.  Her 
parents,  Israel  and  Sally  (White)  Dodge,  came  to  Potter  county  as  pioneers.  Mr. 
Metcalf  is  a  member  of  Babcock  Post,  No.  358,  6.  A.  E.,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  H. 
Politically,  a  Republican,  he  has  served  ten  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  West- 
field  township. 

Nathan  Bhoughton,  a  native  of  Delaware  county.  New  York,  was  among  the 
pioneers  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1817  he  located  on  Pine  creek,  but 
later  removed  to  Delmar  township,  where  his  principal  business  was  lumbering, 
and  he  resided  there  until  his  death,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-four  years.  His  wife 
was  Sally  Walker,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Uriel,  Henry,  Horace,  Maria, 
who  married  Fred  Boos;  William,  Eliza,  who  married  Andrew  Greiner;  Eachel, 
who  married  Hiram  Campbell;   Nathan  and  Everton. 

Henry  Beott6hton,  second  son  of  Nathan  Broughton,  was  born  in  Delaware 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  931 


county.  New  York,  in  1812,  and  was  about  five  years  old  when  his  parents  settled 
on  Pine  creek,  in  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  in  Delmar  township,  and  in  early 
life  engaged  in  farming  and  in  lumbering.  In  1845  he  settled  in  Westfield  town- 
ship, on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  William,  cleared  and  improved  it,  and 
died  there  at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  His  wife  was  Parmelia  Phillips,  a 
daughter  of  Eichard  Phillips,  of  Westfield,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  seven  chil- 
dren, viz:  Sarah  J.,  who  married  George  Baker;  William,  Saloma,  who  married 
Herman  Seeley;  Barzilla,  Phillips,  Uriel,  and  Flora,  wife  of  Le  Grand  Mascho. 
Mr.  Broughton  was  an  adherent  of  the  Kepublican  party,  and  in  religion,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Christian  church. 

William  Beoughton,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Broughton,  was  born  in  Delmax 
township,  Tioga  county,  March  27,  1840.  When  he  was  five  years  old  his  parents 
removed  to  Westfield,  where  he  has  since  resided,  now  owning  the  old  homestead 
farm.  In  1862  he  married  Nancy  Guile,  a  daughter  of  Herrick  and  Jane  (Butler) 
Guile,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York.  Mr.  Broughton  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics, 
and  one  of  the  enterprising  f  axmers  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 

Petee  B.  Bush,  son  of  John  Bush,  was  bom  August  4,  1819,  in  Orange  county. 
New  York,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1843,  locating  at  Knox- 
ville,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  two  years.  He  then  removed  to 
Westfield,  and  continued  the  same  business  five  years,  conducting  the  Eed  Lion 
and  Boardman  Hotels.  He  later  engaged  in  farming,  bought  and  sold  stock  quite 
extensively,  and  for  four  years  operated  a  stage  line  between  Westfield  and  Addison, 
New  York.  Mr.  Bush  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Mary  Ann  Linder- 
man,  a  daughter  of  Cornelius  Linderman,  of  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  who 
bore  him  three  children:  Cornelius,  Mary,  wife  of  Abijah  Stanley,  and  Harriet, 
wife  of  Delos  Ellis.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Strawn)  Miller,  of  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county.  Four  children 
were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  John  M.,  Samuel,  who  died  February  27,  1896;  Jacob, 
and  Edwin  M.  Mr.  Bush  died  January  7, 1874.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P., 
and  in  politics,  a  stanch  Eepublican. 

CoENELius  Bush,  eldest  child  of  Peter  B.  and  Mary  Ann  (Linderman)  Bush, 
was  bom  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  28,  1844,  and  when 
he  was  about  two  years  old  his  parents  located  at  Westfield,  where  he  grew  to  ma- 
turity. He  then  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering,  partially  clearing  the  farm 
in  Westfield  township  on  which  he  now  resides,  upon  which  he  located  in  1867. 
In  1866  he  married  Lina  L.  Douglas,  a  daughter  of  William  A.  and  Salina  (Hancock) 
Douglas,  of  Clymer  township.  They  have  had  one  son,  Charles  P.,  who  died  Octo- 
ber 26, 1896.  Mr.  Bush  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  is  one  of  the  representative 
farmers  of  Westfield  township. 

John  Little  was  born  in  Woodhull,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  May  12,  1834, 
a  son  of  William  and  Margaret  (Sammis)  Little,  and  came  with  his  mother  and 
family  to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1847,  where,  with  the  assistance 
of  her  sons,  she  cleared  and  improved  what  is  now  known  as  the  Graham  farm. 
She  married  George  Graham  after  locating  in  this  county,  and  died  upon  the  home- 
stead in  Westfield  township.  By  her  first  husband,  William  Little,  she  was  the 
mother  of  nine  children,  viz:   Susan,  who  married  Luke  Scott;  Latham  M.,  Jesse, 


932  HISTOET    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

John,  William  W.,  James,  Emma,  who  married  William  D.  Eedner;  Edwin  E.,  and 
Mary  A.,  wife  of  Onan  Trowbridge.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in 
Westfield  township  from  the  age  of  thirteen  years,  and  obtained  his  education  in 
a  pioneer  frame  school  house.  Since  arriviag  at  manhood,  he  has  devoted  his  at- 
tention to  farming,  though  sometimes  engaged  in  jobbing  as  a  lumberman.  He 
has  cleared  a  portion  of  several  farms  in  Westfield  township,  and  has  lived  on  his 
present  homestead  since  1864.  In  August,  1863,  Mr.  Little  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville.  After  nine  months'  service  he 
was  honorably  discharged,  having  never  been  absent  from  duty  or  missed  a  day's 
service  during  his  term.  On  December  25,  1863,  he  married  Eachel  M.  Aldrich,  a 
daughter  of  Halsey  and  Matilda  (Works)  Aldrich,  of  Westfield  township,  to  which 
union  have  been  bom  the  foUovring  children:  William  J.,  Jesse  H.,  Halsey  J., 
and  Walter  D.,  and  they  have  also  an  adopted  daughter,  Grace  B.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Little  is  a  Eepublican,  has  held  various  local  offices,  and  is  a  member  of  Babcock 
Post,  Fo.  258,  Q.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield.  . 

Thomas  Sphague  settled  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1849,  where 
he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  now  owned  by  L.  E.  Garner.  He  was  a  native  of 
Colchester,  Delaware  county,  New  York,  and  resided  on  his  farm  in  Westfield  town- 
'  ship  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years.  His  wife  was 
Keziah  Warren,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Page,  Maria,  who 
married  Arthur  Tremain;  Melissa,  who  married  Fred.  Thurber;  Josephine,  who 
married  Thomas  Tremain;  Hiram,  Helen,  who  became  the  wife  of  John  Burtross; 
Henrietta,  who  married  Hiram  Burdic;  Hannah,  who  married  Albert  Orson; 
Arthur,  Albert,  and  Mary,  who  became  the  wife  of  L.  E.  Garner. 

HiEAM  Speagtje,  son  of  Thomas  and  Keziah  Sprague,  was  bom  in  Colchester, 
New  York,  May  18,  1834,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Westfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  in  1849.  Here  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  of  fifty-one  acres  upon 
which  he  now  resides.  He  married  Mary  K.  Eice,  a  daughter  of  Sylvanus  and 
Harriet  (Seeley)  Eice,  of  Tioga,  and  has  two  children:  Lewis  and  Eugene.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Sprague  is  a  Eepublican. 

Lewis  Speague,  eldest  son  of  Hiram  and  Mary  K.  Sprague,  was  bom  in  West- 
field  township,  Tioga  county,  October  3,  1862;  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
district,  and  is  a  farmer  and  miller  by  occupation.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  is  filling  the  offices  of  constable  and  collector  of  Westfield  township.  On 
November  27, 1884,  he  married  Alvira  A.  Cooper,  a  daughter  of  Erastus  and  Amanda 
(Sedam)  Cooper,  of  Westfield  township,  and  has  two  children:  Frank  E.  and 
Harriet  A.    Mr.  Sprague  is  a  member  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M. 

WiLLETT  Vincent  was  a  native  of  Swaygo,  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  bom 
June  3, 1805,  and  a  son  of  Gilbert  and  Eebecca  (Justis)  Vincent,  and  was  of  French, 
English,  German  and  Irish  ancestry.  He  came  to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county, 
in  1850,  settling  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son,  James  T.  He  cleared  a  por- 
tion of  it,  and  there  died  in  November,  1868.  His  wife  was  Maria  Tompkins,  a 
daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Kate  (Brown)  Tompkins,  of  Schenectady  county.  New 
York.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz: 
Katie,  who  married  James  Southall,  of  Alabama;  James  T.,  Horace  G.,  who  died 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  933 


in  1864,  from  disease  oonti"aeted  in  the  axmy,  and  who  was  buried  in  Greenwood, 
Long  Island j  Phoebe,  deceased;  George,  who  was  killed  by  a  falling  tree,  in  1859; 
Dow,  deceased;  Mary,  wife  of  William  E.  McFall;  Mercy,  wife  of  Mulford  Labax; 
Harriet,  wife  of  Orlando  Tarbox,  and  Gilbert  G.  Mr.  Vincent  was  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

James  T.  Vincent,  son  of  Willett  and  Maria  Vincent,  was  born  in  Broome 
county,  New  York,  December  36, 1830,  was  educated  in  his  native  county,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1850.  He  has  since  resided 
on  the  old  homestead,  settled  by  his  father,  most  of  which  he  has  cleared,  paid 
for  and  improved.    In  politics,  Mr.  Vincent  is  an  independent  voter. 

Isaac  Thompson,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  born  in  April,  1794,  was  a  son  of 
Jared  Thompson,  and  a  grandson  of  Samuel  Thompson,  a  pioneer  of  Tompkins 
county,  New  York.  In  1832  Isaac  settled  in  Harrison  township.  Potter  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  midst  of  an  unbroken  forest,  his  nearest  neighbors  being  from 
two  to  four  miles  distant".  Here  he  cleared  a  farm,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his 
death,  in  1873,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  His  wife  was  Keziah  Wickes,  a  daughter 
of  Israel  P.  Wickes,  of  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  but  later  a  resident  of  Ohio. 
She  bore  him  six  children  who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Lydia,  who  married  E.  Z. 
Olney;  Jared,  Isaac  C,  Nancy,  who  married  Aaron  Webster;  Prudence,  who 
married  Alonzo  Hawks;  Harriet  E.,  who  married  J.  A.  Smith,  and  Israel.  Mr. 
Thompson  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  an  ardent  Eepub- 
Hcan.  He  filled  the  office  of  county  commissioner,  and  also  treasurer  of  Potter 
county,  for  one  term  each,  and  was  a  man  of  enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

Isaac  C.  Thompson,  second  son  of  Isaac  and  Keziah  Thompson,  was  born  in 
Ulysses,  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  November  16,  1821,  and  was  in  his  twelfth 
year  when  his  parents  settled  in  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  attended  school 
in  the  Uttle  log  school  house  of  his  district,  and  after  attaining  his  majority,  he 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  seven  years.  Since  that  time,  with  the  exception  of 
four  years  that  he  was  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Potter  Brook,  where  he  erected 
the  first  store  building,  he  has  followed  farming  in  Potter  and  Tioga  counties.  He 
assisted  his  father  to  clear  the  old  homestead,  and  also  cleared  and  improved  a  farm 
for  himself  in  Hector  township.  Potter  county,  but  since  1866  he  has  been  a  resident 
of  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county.  In  September,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  was  detailed  on  detached 
service,  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  June,  1865.  Mr.  Thompson  has  been 
twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Mary  A.  Potter,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and 
Matilda  (Aldrich)  Potter,  who  settled  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in 
1817.  She  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Emily,  who  married  William  Weeks; 
Sophronia,  who  married  B.  P.  Mulford;  Julia  A.,  who  married  L.  J.  Skinner;  Eva 
K.,  who  married  A.  V.  Hawley,  and  Hattie,  who  became  the  wife  of  William  Nivison. 
He  married  for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Stevens,  nee  Eossiter.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Thompson  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  an  advocate  of  prohibition.  During  his  resi- 
dence in  Potter  county,  he  served  as  auditor,  and  also  as  a  justice  of  the  peace. 
Since  locating  in  Westfield  township,  he  has  filled  the  latter  office  two  terms.  He  is 
known  in  the  community  as  a  good  citizen,  a  kind  neighbor,  and  a  public-spirited 
man. 


934  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Ekastus  G.  Hill,  a  native  of  Lebanon,  Madison  county,  New  York,  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  owning  at  one  time  300  acres  of  land,  which  has  since 
been  divided  into  several  farms.  Later  in  life  he  removed  to  Westfleld  township, 
where  he  continued  farming,  but  afterwards  erected  a  hotel  in  what  is  now  Westfield 
borough,  known  as  the  Hill  House.  He  conducted  this  hotel  for  five  years,  then 
sold  out  and  retired  from  active  business.  His  wife  was  Violet  Thompson,  who  bore 
him  four  children  who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Lafayette,  Kirk  B.,  Emma,  wife  of 
George  Parmenter,  and  Perry.  Mr.  Hill  died  in  Westfield,  in  1879,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-two  years. 

Kirk  B.  Hill,  second  son  of  Erastus  G.  and  Violet  Hill,  was  born  in  Clymer 
township,  Tioga  county,  January  9, 1845.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
and  select  schools  of  Westfield,  and  in  early  manhood  worked  at  the  carpenter's 
trade.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  employed  in  a  sash  and  blind  factory  at  Cowan- 
esque.  Since  1883  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  in  Westfield  township, 
and  is  one  of  its  progressive  and  successful  citizens.  Mr.  Hill  was  married  Septem- 
ber 25,  1874,  to  Addie  Burdic,  a  daughter  of  Nelson  and  Susan  (Pease)  Burdic,  of 
Westfield,  and  has  two  children:  Benjamin  and  Hazel.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Ee- 
publican,  is  a  member  of  Eulalia  Grange,  of  Westfield,  and  has  filled  various  local 
offices  in  his  township. 

James  Lattimee  was  born  in  England,  February  6,  1803,  was  a  miller  by 
trade,  and  spent  some  years  in  Scotland.  In  1854  he  immigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  in  Westfield,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  until 
his  death,  September  8,  1889.  His  wife  was  Helen  Haining,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
who  was  the  mother  of  eight  children,  viz:  William,  Agnes,  who  married  John 
T.  Stephenson;  Alexander,  Mary,  wife  of  James  Champlin;  James,  George,  David 
and  John.  Mr.  Lattimer  was  a  life-long  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and 
in  politics,  he  was  an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Geoege  Lattimee,  fourth  son  of  James  and  Helen  Lattimer,  was  bom  in 
Dumfrieshire,  Scotland,  June  23,  1846,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Westfield, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1854.  He  was  reared  upon  a  farm;  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education,  and  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits  since  boyhood.  He 
has  resided  upon  his  present  homestead  in  Westfield  township  since  1879.  On 
December  25,  1874,  he  married  Mary  A.  Price,  a  daughter  of  Phineas  and  Sybil 
(Bump)  Price,  of  Westfield  township,  and  has  one  daughter,  Maggie.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Lattimer  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  gives  an  earnest  support  to  Democratic 
measures  and  principles. 

S.  Austin  Buck,  a  native  of  Bennington,  Vermont,  bom  about  1826,  was  a 
son  of  Hiram  Buck,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  about 
1849.  Hiram  Buck  was  a  blacksmith,  which  trade  he  followed  for  some  years  at 
Elkland,  whence  he  removed  to  Coudersport.  His  children  were  as  follows:  Abel, 
S.  Austin,  Hiram,  Clarissa,  who  married  Harry  Wheaton;  Lucy,  who  married 
Alpheus  Bassett;  Myrtle,  who  became  the  wife  of  William  H.  Banks;  Lucretia, 
Frank  and  Charies.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with 
his.  father,  and  followed  that  business  for  many  years  at  Elkland  and  Westfield. 
He  was  also  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Westfield,  and  Harrison  Valley,  Potter 


BIOGEAFHICAL    SKETCHES.  935 


county,  for  several  years,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  K.  Krusen  &  Company,  general 
merchants  and  millers.  About  1865  he  purchased  the  farm  in  Westfield  township 
now  occupied  by  his  sons,  Eugene  A.  and  Eandolph  H.,  where  he  continued  to  reside 
up  to  his  death,  in  1870.  His  wife  was  Aurilla  Hurlbut,  a  daughter  of  Giles  Hurl- 
but,  of  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  to  which  union  were  bom  four  children, 
viz:  Eugene  A.,  Randolph  H.,  Norman  and  Loren.  In  politics,  Mr.  Buck  was  a 
Eepublican,  and  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  several  years  at  Hanison  Valley. 

Randolph  H.  Buck,  second  son  of  S.  Austin  Buck,  was  born  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  November  35,  1852.  He  was  reared  in  this  county,  obtained  a  common 
school  education,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years  at  the  tanner's  trade, 
which  business  he  gave  up  on  account  of  ill  health.  Since  1879  he  has  been  engaged 
in  farming,  and  is  now  serving  his  fourth  year  as  treasurer  of  the  Cowanesque 
Valley  Agricultural  Society.  Mr.  Buck  was  married  October  5,  1876,  to  Emily  A. 
Wheaton,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Rozetta  (Whitcomb)  Wheaton,  of  Pine  Creek, 
Potter  county,  and  has  one  daughter,  Helen  0.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  been  clerk  of  Westfield  township  for  the  past  seven  years.  He  has  been 
financial  secretaxy  of  New  Hall  Council,  No.  846,  Jr.  0.  II.  A.  M.,  of  Potter 
Brook,  since  its  organization,  and  secretary  of  Eulalia  Grange,  No.  1088,  of  West- 
field,  for  the  past  three  years. 

James  E.  Dodge  was  bom  in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  September  26,  1836, 
a  son  of  Israel  and  Sally  (White)  Dodge,  both  natives  of  Oxford,  Chenango  county. 
New  York,  who  settled  in  Harrison  township,  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1839.  His  father  v/as  a  millwright,  at  which  trade  he  worked,  in  eomiection  with 
farming,  until  his  death.  He  had  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz:  Angeline,  who 
married  Henry  Cummins;  Martin,  Franklin,  Elizabeth,  who  married  Horatio  Aldrieh; 
James  E.,  Vincent,  Clarissa,  who  married  John  Champlin;  Anna,  who  married 
Eugene  Stevens,  and  Eugene.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Potter 
county,  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  began  life  for  himself  as  a  lum- 
berman, which  business  he  followed  four  years.  In  1860  he  located  in  Westfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  which  he  still  owns, 
and  is  now  the  owner  of  two  farms  in  Westfield  township,  embracing  260  acres, 
and  one  of  111  acres  in  Harrison  township.  Potter  county,  besides  some  village 
property  in  Harrison  Valley.  Mr.  Dodge  was  married  October  28,  1860,  to  Alpha 
A.  Champlin,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Loncy  (Works)  Champlin,  of  Westfield 
township.     Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  various  township  offices. 

Deacon  Richahd  Ellis,  sixth  child  of  Reuben  and  Mehitabel  (Scott)  Ellis, 
was  bom  in  Ashfield,  Massachusetts,  December  20,  1760.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Richard  Ellis,  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1704,  came  to  America  in  1717, 
landing  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  1728  married  Jane  Phillips,  a  daughter  of  Capt. 
John  Phillips,  of  Easton,  that  State.  They  had  a  fam.ily  of  nine  children.  Reuben 
Ellis,  the  father  of  Deacon  Richard  Ellis,  was  born  in  Easton,  November  5,  1728, 
there  grew  to  manhood,  and  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  War  from  1754  to 
1757.  He  was  an  ensign  in  the  Colonial  service,  and  three  of  his  sons  served  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  being  one  of  them.  In  1811  Deacon 
Richard  Ellis  settled  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  purchasing 
a  large  tract  of  land,  upon  which  he  later  built  two  saw-mills  and  two  erist-mills. 


936  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

He  ■manufactured  lumber  on  Pine  creek,  and  was  a  man  of  great  industry  and  enter- 
prise. In  later  life  he  removed  to  EUisburg,  Potter  county,  which  was  named  ia 
his  honor,  where  he  erected  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill  and  a  tavern.  He  was  twice 
married,  his  first  wife  being  Eunice  Chilson,  who  bore  him  six  children.  His  second 
wife,  Chloe  Chilson,  was  a  sister  of  his  first,  and  to  this  union  thirteen  children  were 
bom.  Mr.  Ellis  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  to  which  denomination  most 
of  his  children  adhered.     He  died  at  EUisburg,  Potter  county.  May  14,  1841. 

EiCHARD  Ellis,  Je.,  was  born  in  Ashfield,  Massachusetts,  December  6,  1795, 
a  son  of  Deacon  Eichard  and  Chloe  Ellis,  and  came  to  Del'mar  township,  Tioga 
county,  with  his  parents  in  1811.  He  became  a  Baptist  minister,  though  not  or- 
dained for  some  years  after  he  commenced  to  preach.  He  kept  a  general  store  and 
shoe  shop  at  Wellsboro,  for  several  years.  His  wife  was  Patience  Herrington,  who 
bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Amasa,  Consider,  Samuel  G.  and  John  M.  Mr.  Ellis 
died  in  Wellsboro,  in  1827. 

Amasa  Ellis,  eldest  son  of  Eichard  Ellis,  Jr.,  was  born  in  what  is  now  Shippen 
township,  Tioga  county,  February  18,  1819.  In  1840  he  located  in  the  town  of 
Willing,  Allegany  county,  'New  York,  where  he  followed  farming  imtil  1865,  when 
he  removed  to  AVestfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyh'ania,  which  has  since  been  his  home. 
On  September  29,  1849,  he  married  Martha  Schoonover,  a  daughter  of  Christopher 
and  Chloe  (Pemberton)  Schoonover,  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county.  Eive  chil- 
dren have  been  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  Mary  E.,  wife  of  E.  A.  Buck;  Delos  E.,  James 
D.,  Frank  and  Charles.  In  religious  belief,  Mr.  ElUs  is  a  Baptist,  and  in  politics,  a 
stanch  Democrat.  During  his  residence  in  Willing,  New  York,  he  held  the  oflGice 
of  supervisor  for  seven  consecutive  years. 

Delos  E.  Ellis  was  bom  in  Allegany  county,  New  York,  in  the  town  of  Will- 
ing, September  13, 1853,  a  son  of  Amasa  and  Martha  Ellis.  He  came  to  Tioga  coimty 
with  his  parents  when  about  twelve  years  old,  and  obtained  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. Since  early  manhood  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  in  Westfield  township. 
On  October  10,1882,  Mr.  Ellis  married  Harriet  Bush,  a  daughter  of  Peter  B.and  Mary 
A.  Bush,  of  Westfield  township,  and  has  three  children:  Fred,  Bessie  M.  and  Burt. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat. 

Job  Eexfoed  was  bom  in  Cincinnatus,  Cortland  county,  New  York,  January  23, 
1817,  and  was  of  Irish  descent.  About  1839  he  came  to  Shippen  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  for  twenty-eight  years  was  engaged  in  lumbering  on  Pine 
creek.  In  1865  he  located  in  Westfield,  and  in  1877  removed  to  Harrison  Valley, 
Potter  county,  where  he  died  in  1880.  His  wife  was  Chloe  Ellis,  a  daughter  of 
David  Ellis,  of  Shippen  township.  She  became  the  mother  of  three  children  who 
grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Perry  E.,  Nancy  0.,  wife  of  J.  W.  Stevens,  and  Stella,  wife 
of  Dr.  E.  J.  Shaw.  Mr.  Eexford  enjoyed  a  wide  acquaintance  in  Tioga  county, 
and  was  one  of  its  prominent  citizens  for  many  years.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepub- 
Ucan,  and  filled  the  office  of  county  commissioner  for  three  terms,  being  the  only 
man  to  enjoy  that  honor  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

Peeet  E.  Eexfoed,  only  son  and  eldest  child  of  Job  and  Chloe  Eexford,  was 
bom  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  February  22,  1845,  and  grew  to  manhood 
in  his  native  county.  He  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and  began  his 
business  life  as  a  farmer,  which  vocation  he  has  followed  up  to  the  present.  Since 
1866  he  has  occupied  his  present  homestead  farm  in  Westfield  township.    In  1870 


BIOGBAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  937 


he  married  Clara  J.  Swetland,  a  daughter  of  M.  W.  and  Parmelia  (Stevens)  Swetland, 
of  Harrison  township,  Potter  county,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Lillian,  Edith  and 
Lena.  Mr.  Eexford  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  in  politics,  a  Eepubliean, 
and  has  held  various  township  offices. 

John  P.  Stephenson  was  born  in  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland,  August  13,  1836,  a 
son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Pool)  Stephenson.  He  was  reared  upon  a  farm  in  his 
native  land,  and  in  18-52  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  in  Westfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  where  he  spent  five  years.  For  the  following  five  years  he  was 
engaged  in  farming  in  Du  Page  county,  Illinois.  In  July,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany B,  One  Hundred  and  Fifth  Illinois  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Stone  Eiver  and  all  of  the  engagements  on  Sherman's  March  to  the  Sea.  He  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  7,  1865.  Eeturning  to  Westfield, 
Tioga  county,  he  there  engaged  in  farming,  and  was  also  employed  in  the  planing 
mill  at  Cowanesque  for  eleven  years.  Here  he  lost  his  right  hand,  and  has  since 
lived  retired  from  active  life.  Mr.  Stephenson  was  married  in  1845,  to  Agnes  Lat- 
timer,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Helen  (Haining)  Lattimer,  of  Westfield  township,  all 
natives  of  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland.  They  are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  viz:  John, 
William,'  Mathew,  Helen,  wife  of  A.  P.  King;  James,  Archibald,  Mary,  Janet,  Prank 
and  George.'  In  politics,  Mr.  Stephenson  is  a  Eepubliean,  has  held  the  offices  of 
school  director  and  supervisor  of  Westfield  township,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E. 

Samuel  Tubes  was  bom  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  February, 
1833.  His  father,  James  Tubbs,  was  a  son  of  Samuel  Tubbs,  Sr.,  a  pioneer  oi  Elk- 
land,  who  at  one  time  owned  the  land  upon  which  that  borough  stands.  James  was 
bom  in  January,  1800,  and  came  to  the  site  of  Elkland  with  his  parents  in  1811. 
He  married  Sally  Coates,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  two  sons:  Samuel  and  Benja- 
min. The  former  was  reared  in  Elkland  and  Brookfield  townships,  and  now  resides 
in  Brookfield,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  for  more  than  half  a  century, 
having  cleared  and  improved  three  farms  in  that  township.  He  married  Mary  Lewis, 
a  daughter  of  Simon  Lewis,  of  Brookfield.  Mrs.  Tubbs  became  the  mother  of  four 
children,  and  died  December  9,  1872.  The  children  are  as  follows:  James  B., 
Jeannette,  wife  of  Morgan  Kizer;  Charles  F.,  and  Lueina,  the  last  of  whom  died 
Febraary  5,  1873.  Mr.  Tubbs  is  a  stanch  Eepubliean,  and  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  of  his  native  county. 

James  B.  Tubes,  eldest  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Tubbs,  was  bom  in  Brookfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  3,  1844.  He  received  an  academical  education  in 
Union  and  Troupsburg  Academies.  He  has  followed  agriculture  as  an  occupation 
since  boyhood,  but  has  devoted  some  attention  to  teaching  vocal  and  band  music, 
and  was  chorister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  over  twenty-five  years.  He 
located  in  Westfield  in  1867,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  In  September,  1892, 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  Mt.  Pleasant  Cemetery,  which  position  he  still 
occupies.  Mr.  Tubbs  was  married  March  16,  1867,  to  Mary  Snyder,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Sally  (Marble)  Snyder,  of  Harrison,  Potter  county,  and  has  two 
children:  Carrie  G.,  wife  of  Frank  Wedge,  and  Lewis  L.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church;  also  of  the  Grange,  and  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  is 
Wigwam  of  Fleetfoot  Tribe,  No.  366,  Improved  Order  of  Eed  Men.  In  politics, 
lie  is  a  Eepubliean,  has  held  the  office  of  constable,  and  is  now  serving  his  second 
term  as  assessor  of  Westfield  township. 


938,  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Chaeles  H.  Maetin  was  born  in  Erwin,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  August 
2,  1850,  a  son  of  Alfred  and  Mary  J.  (Onan)  Martin.  His  paternal  grandfather, 
Hiram  Martin,  was  a  son  of  John  Martin,  a  pioneer  of  Addison,  New  York.  His 
maternal  grandfather,  James  Onan,  was  born  in  Ireland  September  15,  1785. 
In  1806,  being  then  in  his  twenty-first  year,  he  left  his  native  country  for  America. 
While  on  his  way  across  the  ocean  he  was  taken  by  a  British  man-of-war  and  held 
prisoner  three  years,  when  he  effected  his  escape.  After  remaining  secreted  in  Porto 
Eieo  three  months,  he  made  his  way  to  the  United  States,  and  was  naturalized  in 
Philadelphia,  September  20,  1815.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Cattaraugus  county, 
New  York.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  there 
received  a  common  school  education.  In  1869  he  located  at  Cowanesque,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  began  work  in  the  sash  and  blind  factory  at  Cowanesque, 
afterwards  owned  and  operated  by  him  for  two  years,  and  of  which  he  has  held  the 
position  of  foreman  for  eighteen  years.  Mr.  Martin  married  Olive  Luce,  a  daughter 
of  Ira  and  Isabel  (Pease)  Luce,  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  September  30,  1874, 
and  has  one  son,  Eandall.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Democrat,  has  held  various  township 
ofSces,  and  is  now  postmaster  of  Cowanesque.  He  is  a  member  of  Jemison  Lodge, 
I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Westfield. 

Dana  Lbaen  was  bom  in  Groton,  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  May  31,  1849, 
son  of  Daniel  J.  S.  and  Catherine  (Houser)  Learn.  Both  his  paternal  and  ma- 
ternal grandfathers,  John  Learn  and  Samuel  Houser,  lived  at  Lansing,  Tompkins 
county.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  obtained  a  common  school 
education.  In  1870  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  for  two  years 
worked  on  a  farm  and  in  the  lumber  woods.  In  1873  he  engaged  in  farming  in 
Clymer  township,  and  the  following  year  was  elected  constable  of  that  subdivision. 
In  1875  he  removed  to  Woodhull,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  but  returned  to  Tioga 
county  in  1876,  and  located  in  Westfield  township,  where  he  followed  agriculture 
for  three  years.  In  1879  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Brookfield  township,  and  lived 
upon  it  two  years.  In  1880  he  bought  110  acres  in  Westfield  township,  to  which 
he  afterwards  added  fifty-seven  acres  adjoining,  malting  a  total  of  167  acres,  seventy 
of  which  he  cleared  and  improved  himself.  Mr.  Learn  married  Anna  Baker,  a 
daughter  of  Sylvanus  and  Sally  (Guiles)  Baker,  of  Westfield  township,  February 
5, 1873.  Six  children  have  been  bom  to  this  union,  viz:  L.  Claude,  Alta  J.,  George 
W.,  Grace,  Clair  and  William.  In  politics,  Mr.  Learn  is  a  Democrat;  has  held  the 
office  of  school  director  of  Westfield  township  for  two  years,  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial farmers  in  his  locality. 

Petee  Rushmoee  came  from  Dutchess  county.  New  Y'ork,  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  early  in  the  present  century,  and  settled  at  Knoxville,  removing  at 
a  later  day  to  Clymer  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  upon  which 
he  spent  the  remaining  years -of  his  life.  His  wife  was  Amelia  Wyatt,  and  their 
children  were  as  follows:  Samuel,  Amelia,  who  married  George  Campbell;  Elsie, 
who  married  Elihu  Wixon;  Abbey,  who  married  Arch  Knox;  John,  Silas,  Emily, 
who  married  William  Tate;  Joshua,  Lizzie,  who  became  the  wife  of  Joseph  Sunder- 
lain,  and  Watson  E. 

Silas  Rushmoee,  son  of  Peter  and  Amelia  Eushmore,  was  a  native  of  New 
York  state,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his  parents.     He  was  a  tanner  and 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  939 


currieT,  and  operated  a  tannery  in  Clymer  township  about  fifteen  years,  where  he 
also  cleared  and  improved  a  farm.  His  wife  was  Hannah  Baker,  a  daughter  of 
James  and  Deborah  Baker,  of  "Warsaw,  New  York,  who  became  the  mother  of  eight 
children,  viz:  Watson  E.,  James  B.,  Peter,  Silas,  Levi,  William,  Deborah,  who  mar- 
ried Wallace  Wheaton,  and  Frank.  Mr.  Eushmore  was  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  and 
filled  various  offices  in  Clymer  township.  He  died  upon  his  farm  in  that  township, 
August  7, 1878,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years. 

Watson  E.  Eushmoee,  eldest  son  of  Silas  and  Hannah  Eushmore,  was  bom  in 
Warsaw,  Yates  county,  New  York,  September  16,  1843,  was  reared  in  Clymer 
township,  Tioga  county,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  In  1869  he 
commenced  farming  for  himself  in  Clymer  township,  which  occupation  he  has  since 
successfully  continued,  owning  two  fine  farms  in  Westfield  township,  where  he  per- 
manently located  in  1877.  Since  the  fall  of  1893  he  has  been  a  resident  of  West- 
field  borough.  On  October  20,  1869,  he  married  Sophena  Cottrell,  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  W.  S.  Cottrell,  of  Whitesville,  New  York,  and  has  four  living  children,  viz: 
William,  Celestia,  wife  of  Ira  Sherwood;  Albert  E.  and  Nina  May.  On  August  18, 
1864,  Mr.  Eushmore  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Hallett  House  Battery,  Hatcher's  Eun, 
Fort  Steadman,  Stony  Creek,  and  Petersburg.  He  was  wounded  in  the  last  men- 
tioned engagement,  April  2,  1865,  and  was  honorably  discharged.  May  27,  follow- 
ing. Mr.  Eushmore  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  is  connected  with  the 
K.  of  H.,  the  Orange,  and  the  G.  A.  E.  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  Eepublican  party. 

Joseph  M.  Deckee,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  was  a  son  of  Henry  Decker, 
and  was  reared  in  Chemung  county.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  followed 
it  in  Breesport,  New  York,  and  in  1870  settled  in  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued  working  at  his  trade  in  connection  with  farming. 
In  1882  he  removed  to  Westfield  township,  and  resided  there  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  on  January  25,  1892,  in  his  sixtieth  year.  Mr.  Decker  was  thrice 
mamed.  His  first  wife  was  Jane  Benson,  who  bore  him  one  son,  John.  His 
second  wife  was  Minerva  Wood,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  H.  Wood,  of  Eutland  town- 
ship, to  which  union  were  born  three  children,  viz:  Addie  J.,  wife  of  Edgar  Smith; 
Charles  P.,  and  Anna,  deceased.  His  third  wife  was  Eliza  A.  Ackley,  of  Westfield 
township.  Mr.  Decker  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  in  politics,  a  stanch 
Eepublican. 

Chaeles  F.  Deckee,  son  of  Joseph  M.  and  Minerva  (Wood)  Decker,  was  born 
in  Chemung  county,  New  York,  April  30,  1862,  and  was  ten  years  old  when  his 
parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the  common  schools,  and  also  Mans- 
field Business  College,  and  has  been  a  farmer  since  attaining  his  majority.  He 
wns  a  farm  in  Eutland  township,  but  has  resided  in  Westfield  township  since  1885. 
He  married  Hattie  Ackley,  a  daughter  of  Henry  C.  and  Eliza  (Sweazy)  Ackley,  of 
Westfield,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  three  children:  Maude,  Charles  H.  and 
Joseph  Walter.     Mr.  Decker  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Waltee  C.  Kendall  was  bom  at  Altay,  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  October 
<!^,  1858,  a  son  of  Merritt  and  Adeline  (Carmichael)  Kendall,  and  is  of  New  England 
and  Scotch  descent.     He  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  educated  in  the  public 


940  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

scliools.  He  engaged  in  merchandising  in  1877,  at  Kendall  Station,  Chemimg 
county,  New  York,  where  he  carried  on  business  two  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Moreland,  Schuyler  county,  where  he  continued  as  a  merchant  three  years.  In 
1882,  he  located  at  Potter  Brook,  in  general  merchandising,  where  he  has  since 
successfully  carried  on  business,  having  to-day  one  of  the  finest  stores  in  the  county. 
From  1883  to  1889  he  was  also  extensively  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  for  five  years 
has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Kendall  &  Wyckoff,  proprietors  of  the  Kendall 
House  at  Potter  Brook.  In  January,  1886,  he  married  Maude  Derr,  a  daughter 
of  David  and  Alice  (Schrayer)  Derr,  of  Hector,  Potter  county,  and  has  two  sons: 
Clarence  and  Arthur.  Mr.  Kendall  is  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  and  has  been  post- 
master of  Potter  Brook  since  June,  1894.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.,  and  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county. 

Chaeles  D.  Mahkham  was  bom  in  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
January  31,  1854,  a  son  of  William  and  Betsey  Markham,  a  sketch  of  whom  will 
be  found  in  this  chapter.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Knox- 
ville, and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  He  began  his  business  career  as 
a  clerk  in  a  drug  store  at  KnoxvUle,  in  which  he  served  three  years,  when  he 
purchased  the  business  of  his  employer  and  carried  it  on  four  years.  The  year 
1882  he  spent  in  the  South,  and  in  1883  he  located  at  Potter  Brook,  Tioga  county, 
where  he  has  since  carried  on  general  merchandising.  In  1879  Mr.  Markham 
married  Emma  J.  Martin,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  A.  (Johnson)  Martin,  of 
Knoxville,  and  has  one  son,  Carl  W.  Mr.  Marldiam  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church,  and  also  of  Cowanesque  Lodge,  No.  351,  P.  &  A.  M.  In  politics,  he  is 
a  Eepublican,  and  served  as  postmaster  of  Potter  Brook  five  years. 

Matthevt  Eugene  MgNinch  was  bom  in  Conesus,  Livingston  county.  New 
York,  March  5,  1851,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Clarissa  (Cruger)  McNinch.  He 
grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  and  there  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. In  1876  he  located  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  farming  until  1883,  in  which  year  he  removed  tO'  Westfield  township, 
where  he  has  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  also  conducted  a  milk  route 
in  Westfield  borough.  Mr.  McNinch  was  married  January  1,  1874,  to  Amanda  A. 
Brownell,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Veranus  Brownell,  of  Livingston  county.  New  York, 
and  has  one  daughter,  Ada  Louise,  wife  of  Delos  Cooper.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Ee- 
publican, and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  young  farmers  of  the  township. 

William  Champlain,  a  son  of  George  and  Loncy  (Works)  Champlain,  was  a 
native  of  Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  but  in  early  life  removed  to  Westfield  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  His  wife  was  Nancy  Verguson,  and  they  were  the  parents  of 
two  sons,  George  and  Robert. 

RoBEHT  Champlain,  youngest  son  of  William  and  Nancy  Champlain,  was  bom 
in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  September  2,  1846,  and  lived  in  his  native 
township  until  his  death,  September  24,  1879,  caused  by  being  accidentally  shot' 
while  cutting  com  on  his  farm.  He  dwelt  on  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  and  also 
owned  a  farm  on  Broughton  hill,  which  he  cleared  and  improved.  His  wife,Helen 
Eliza,  was  a  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Catherine  Graves,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York, 


BIO&EAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  941 


and  bore  him  two  children,  Joseph  and  Einmett.     The  widow  of  Eobert  Champlain 
married  I.  P.  Van  Zile,  and  now  resides  in. Osceola. 

Joseph  Champlain,  eldest  son  of  Robert  and  Helen  E.  Champlain,  was  bom 
in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  October  1, 1867,  and  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Westfield  and  Osceola  in  boyhood.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  of  four  years 
at  the  blacksmith's  trade,  and  has  worked  as  a  journeyman  since  1885.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party. 

BEOOkFIELD    TOWNSHIP. 

William  Simmons  was  born  April  7, 1804,  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  and 
removed  to  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1816.  In  1819 
he  married  Mary  A.  Brown,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  Brown,  a  Revolutionary  soldier, 
and  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Brookfield  township.  The  following  children  were 
born  to  this  marriage:  John,  Ebenezer,  Lucinda,  who  married  Rev.  William  Gr. 
Eaymondj  Elizabeth,  who  married  Joseph  Montague;  Andrew  J.,  and  Mary,  wife 
of  William  Bullock.  Mr.  Simmons  first  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  John 
Dougherty,  made  a  small  clearing  there,  and  later  removed  to  the  fai-m  now  owned 
by  his  son,  Andrew  J.,  which,  with  the  assistance  of  his  sons,  he  cleared  and  im- 
proved. He  died  upon  the  homestead  January  17,  1880,  aged  nearly  seventy-six 
years.  He  kept  a  general  store  for  many  years,  and  for  fifteen  yeaxs  filled  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  He  was  one  of  the  leading  Republicans  of  his  town- 
ship, and  a  very  worthy  citizen. 

Andrew  J.  Simmons,  youngest  son  of  William  Simmons,  was  born  upon  his 
present  homestead  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  December  13,  1835.  He 
attended  the  common  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and  later  Union  Academy,  at 
Academy  Comers.  He  owns  and  occupies  the  old  homestead,  and  since  1858  has  been 
engaged  in  farming,  though  he  also  conducted  a  general  store  in  Brookfield  for 
twenty  years,  and  held  the  office  of  postmaster  for  the  same  period.  December  9, 
1858,  Mr.  Simmons  married  Martha  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Richard  and  Phoebe  Hunt, 
of  Brookfield  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  viz:  Gaylord  B., 
Fred  C,  Rose,  wife  of  G.  A.  Kelley;  Mary,  wife  of  Eark  Perry;  George  W.,  Amanda, 
wife  of  Schuyler  Lozier;  Willie,  and  Lena,  wife  of  P.  E.  Parker.  Mr.  Simmons  is 
the  possessor  of  a  valuable  relic,  consisting  of  a  hollow  pewter  tube,  with  a  plunger 
or  rod  for  compressing  air,  which  was  used  by  his  grandfather,  John  H.  Brown, 
during  the  Revolution,  for  lighting  punk  with  which  to  build  fires.  In  politics,  he 
is  an  independent  voter,  and  is  an  active  member  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance. 

Daniel  Schoonovee,  a  son  of  Richard  and  Mima  (Bailey)  Schoonover,  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  whence  he  removed  to  Lower  Canada  and 
later  to  Troupsburg,  New  York,  where  he  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven  years. 
In  1814  Daniel  settled  on  a  piece  of  forest  land  in  Brookfield,  which  he  cleared 
and  improved.  It  is  now  owned  by  Jonas  G.  Kilbum.  In  1865  he  removed  to 
McKean  county,  where  he  died  in  1867.  His  first  wife  was  Minerva  Seely,  a  daughter 
of  Cornelius  and  Sally  Seely,  and  bore  him  three  children:  Anson,  Benjamin  and 
Richard.  His  second  wife  was  Dama  Warner,  to  which  union  were  born  three 
children,  viz:  Ezra,  Charlotte,  who  married  Joseph  Fairbanks,  and  Daniel. 


942  HISTOHY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

EiCHAKD  ScHOONOVEEj  youiigest  son  of  Daniel  and  Minerva  Schoonover,  was 
bom  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  August  6,  1826,  there  grew  to  ma- 
turity, and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  He  began  his  business  life  as  a 
jobber  in  lumber,  but  in  1847  looated  on  a  farm  in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  and 
engaged  in  farming.  He  returned  to  Brookfield  township  in  1875,  since  which 
time  he  has  occupied  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  lives.  For  many  years  he  dealt 
in  agricultural  implements,  beginning  in  New  York  state,  and  has  also  been  engaged 
in  merchandising  at  Austinburg  for  several  years  in  company  with  his  son,  Eichard 
P.  Nearly  all  his  life  he  has  been  more  or  less  engaged  ia  lumbering,  which  busi- 
ness he  has  found  congenial.  In  April,  1848,  he  married  Sophronia  Schoonover, 
a  daughter  of  Christopher  and  Chloe  (Pemberton)  Schoonovea:,  of  Clymer  town- 
ship. They  have  reared  five  children,  viz:  Chloe,  deceased;  Eichard  P.,  Lucina, 
deceased  wife  of  John  D.  George;  Hiram  B.,  deceased,  and  Elizabeth.  In  politics, 
he  is  an  independent  Democrat,  and  has  held  various  local  offices  in  Brookfield. 

ErcHAED  P.  ScHOONOVEH,  SOU  of  Eichard  and  Sophronia  Schoonover,  was  bom 
in  Troupsburg,  New  York,  February  8,  1854,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his 
native  county,  receiving  a  common  school  education.  In  1880  he  located  in  Brook- 
field township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  followed  farming  until  1893,  when  he  em- 
barked in  merchandising  at  Austinburg,  in  which  business  he  still  continues.  Mr. 
Schoonover  was  married  February  26,  1873,  to  Eliza  Lurvey,  a  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin and  Eliza  (George)  Lurvey,  of  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  and  has  three  children: 
Albertus,  Hiram  and  Teresa.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church; 
also, of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  In  politics,  a  Democrat,  he  has  served 
as  clerk  of  Brookfield  township  three  terms,  and  has  been  postmaster  at  Austin- 
burg since  1893. 

Darius  W.  Nobles  was  born  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, August  5,  1833,  a  son  of  Asahel  and  Hannah  (Joseph)  Nobles.  His  father, 
and  grandfather,  Azel  Nobles,  both  settled  in  Brookfield  township  in  1816,  locat- 
ing on  the  farm  now  the  home  of  W.  S.  Hubbard,  which  was  cleared  and  improved 
by  Asahel  Nobles,  and  on  which  Asahel  and  Darius  W.  lived  and  died.  Azel,  grand- 
father of  Darius  W.,  lived  on  the  homestead  but  a  short  time.  He  removed  to 
Parmington  township,  and  there  died.  Five  generations  of  the  family  have  lived 
on  the  homestead,  the  wife  of  W.  S.  Hubbard  being  the  fourth,  and  their  son,  Forrest 
L.,  the  fifth.  Asahel  Nobles  was  the  father  of  two  children,  viz:  Hannah,  who 
married  John  E.  Coffin,  and  Darius  W.  The  latter  was  bom,  reared  and  died  on  the 
old  homestead.  His  wife  was  Cornelia  Leonard,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  Stephen  A.  and 
Peninah  U.  (Darrow)  Leonard,  of  Westfield.  She  was  the  mother  of  four  children, 
as  follows:  George  E.,  Walter  L.,  Emma  P.,  wife  of  W.  S.  Hubbard,  and  Cora  S., 
wife  of  Gaylord  B.  Simmons.  Mr.  Nobles  died  March  11,  1894.  He  was  a  stanch 
Eepublican,  filled  various  local  offices  in  his  township,  and  was  recognized  as 
one  of  its  most  prominent  citizens. 

WiNFiELD  Scott  Hubbahd  was  bom  in  Troupsburg,  Steuben  county,  New 
York,  April  38,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of  Noah  B.  and  Jemima  (Cady)  Hubbard.  He 
was  reared  in  his  native  town,  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  Since  1876  he 
has  resided  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in 
farming.    August  28,  1881,  he  married  Emma  P.  Nobles,  a  daughter  of  Darius  W. 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  943 


and  Cornelia  Nobles,  of  Brookfield  township,  and  has  one  son,  Forrest  L.  Mr. 
Hubbard  is  a  member  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.;  is  a  Eepublican,  in  polities,  and  has  held 
various  local  of&ces  in  the  township. 

LovEL  Plank,  Sb.,  a  native  of  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  born  April  84,  1795,  was 
a  son  of  William  and  Olive  J.  (Holmes)  Plank,  and  a  grandson  of  Ebenezer  and 
Jedidah  Plank,  who  were  of  English  descent.  Lovel  was  the  youngest  in  a  family 
of  six  children,  named  as  follows:  Matilda,  Waldo,  Elijah,  Elisha,  Elizabeth  and 
Lovel.  In  1831  he  settled  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  grandson,  W.  L.  Plank,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death,  October  1, 1864,  in  his  seventieth  year.  His  wife  was  Mehitabel  Metcalf,  who 
died  December  28,  1857,  aged  sixty-six  years.  She  bore  him  six  children,  viz: 
Sylvester  L.,  who  married  Permelia  Stanton;  Daniel  L.,  who  married  Eliza  White; 
Olive  J.,  who  married  Samuel  Robinson;  Isaac,  Charles  H.,  who  married  Lurania 
Beebe,  and  Laura  L.,  who  married  John  George.  Mr.  Plank  was  a  deacon  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Brookfield  for  many  years,  and  also  took  an  active  part 
in  public  affairs. 

Chables  H.  Plank,  fourth  son  of  Lovel  Plank,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Paris,  Oneida 
county,  New  York,  January  19,  1820,  and  was  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents 
settled  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county.  He  assisted  in  clearing  the  old  home- 
stead, upon  which  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  November  17, 
1891,  in  his  seventy-second  year.  His  wife  was  Lurania  Beebe,  a  daughter  of 
Harry  and  Martha  (Foote)  Beebe,  of  Harrison  township,  Potter  county.  She  bore 
him  two  sons,  Spencer  B.,  deceased,  and  Welcome  L.  Mr.  Plank  was  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Spencee  B.  Plank,  eldest  son  of  Charles  H.  and  Lurania  Plank,  was  born  on 
the  old  homestead  in  Brookfield  township,  June  35,  1851;  was  educated  in  his 
native  county  and  in  Woodhull,  New  York,  and  made  farming  his  life  vocation.  He 
married  Martha  Pierce,  a  daughter  of  Zenas  and  Hannah  (VanWinkel)  Pierce. 
Mr.  Plank  died  in  Westfield  township,  April  14,  1893.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Welcome  L.  Plank  was  bom  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  August 
31, 1854,  and  is  the  only  surviving  child  of  Charles  H.  and  Lurania  Plank.  He  has 
lived  upon  the  old  homestead  all  his  life,  and  has  followed  farming  as  a  vocation. 
On  December  31,  1872,  he  married  Jane  Ackley,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Susan 
(Yale)  Ackley,  of  Clymer  township,  and  is  the  father  of  the  following  children: 
Charles  W.,  Arthur  L.,  deceased;  John  S.,  Anna  E.,  George  H.  and  Ethel  M.  Mr. 
Plank  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  a  E.  A.  M.  in  the  Masonic  order.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  recognized  as  a  successful  and  enterprising 
citizen. 

Stephen  Lane,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Susannah  (Ives)  Lane,  was  born  in  Dan- 
ville, New  York,  February  29,  1812.  His  father  died  in  1814,  and  his  mother,  who 
was  a  daughter  of  Titus  Ives,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Brookfield  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  returned  to  that  township  after  her  husband's  death.  There 
our  subject  was  reared  to  manhood,  and  soon  after  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned 
by  his  son,  William  G.,  cleared  and  improved  it,  and  died  April  1,  1874.  He 
married  Jane  George,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Olive  (Gardner)  George,  of  Brook- 


944  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    C0T7NTT. 

field  township,  who  had  two  children  by  this  union,  viz:  Juliette,  wife  of  G.  J. 
Davis,  and  William  G.  Mr.  Lane  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

William  G.  Lane  was  bom  on  the  Lane  homestead  in  Brookfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  June  20,  1850,  and  is  the  only  son  of  Stephen  Lane.  He  has  always 
resided  upon  the  home  farm,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education  in  the  district 
schools.  On  January  1, 1879,  he  married  Ida  Davis,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Jane 
(Finkner)  Davis,  of  Westfield,  and  has  two  children,  Bessie  and  Arthur.  Politically, 
Mr.  Laae  is  a  Republican. 

Geoege  W.  Hunt  was  born  in  Connecticut,  in  1771,  a  son  of  George  and  Mary 
(Herrington)  Hunt.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  Indian  war,  while 
he  served  in  the  War  of  1812  for  three  months.  He  was  married  in  Dutchess  county. 
New  York,  to  Mary  Brown,  a  daughter  of  John  Brown,  a  Eevolutionaxy  soldier. 
He  removed  to  Delaware  county,  New  York,  and  in  1844  settled  in  Brookfield 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  blacksmith  and  worked  at 
his  trade  up  to  1857.  He  died  in  1859,  at  the  age  of  eighty-eight  years.  To 
George  W.  and  Mary  Hunt  were  bom  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  maturity, 
as  follows:  Charles,  Elizabeth,  who  married  Eri  Baker;  John,  Eichard,  George, 
Jane,  who  married  William  Millard;  Sally,  who  married  William  Coffin;  Jackson, 
Eobert  and  Adam. 

EiCHAED  Hunt,  third  son  of  George  W.  Hunt,  was  bom  in  Middletown,  Dela- 
ware county,  New  York,  April  6,  1813,  and  was  there  reared  and  educated.  He 
worked  on  a  farm,  and  also  as  a  carpenter  and  joiner  until  1844,  when  he  removed 
to  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county,  and  cleared  a  part  of  the  farm  settled  by 
his  grandfather,  John  Brown.  He  made  all  the  improvements  in  buildings,  but 
sold  out  in  1866  and  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  In  1838  he  married 
Phoebe  Van  Dusen,  a  daughter  of  Lawrence  and  Peggy  (Turner)  Van  Dusen,  of 
Delaware  county.  New  York.  He  has  reared  seven  children,  as  follows:  Martha, 
who  married  Andrew  J.  Simmons;  Sylvester,  who  died  in  1863,  while  serving 
in  the  Union  army;  Marietta,  wife  of  Seth  Kelly;  George,  Eoxanna,  wife  of  S.  P. 
Chase;  Violetta  J.,  wife  of  Edgar  McLean,  and  Lester  B.  The  last  mentioned  is  a 
native  of  Brookfield  township,  was  there  reared  and  educated,  and  has  made  farm- 
ing his  life  vocation.  He  married  Eosetta  Moore,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Moore, 
and  has  four  children  living,  viz:  Lettie,  Eea,  Ina  and  Eichard  E.  He  is  a  Ee- 
publican, and  has  held  several  local  offices  of  Brookfield  township.  Eichard  Hunt  is 
proud  of  the  fact  that  he  has  thirty-seven  grandchildren  and  eight  great-grand- 
children living.  In  religious  belief,  he  is  a  Tlniversalist.  He  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Eepublican  party,  and  filled  the  office  of  treasurer  of  Brookfield  township  for  one 
term. 

Petee  Kilbuen,  a  native  of  Montreal,  Canada,  came  from  Vermont  to  Farm- 
ington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1854,  whence  he  removed  to  Wood- 
hull,  New  York,  and  in  1857  settled  in  Brookfield  township,  Tioga  county.  He 
cleared  and  improved  a  farm  in  this  township,  and  died  at  Austinburg,  in  1889,  at 
the  ripe  age  of  eighty-four  years.  His  wife  was  Sophia  Burch,  and  their  children 
were  as  follows:  Sarah,  wife  of  John  B.  Bush;  Jonas  G.,  Serena,  wife  of  Jackson 
Bush;  Solomon  P.,  and  Jane,  wife  of  Joseph  Bush. 


<^.:f  ^iia-. 


t<A/yi 


BIOGKAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  945 


Jonas  G.  Kilbukn,  eldest  son  of  Peter  and  Sophia  Kilbum,  was  born  in  Or- 
well, Franklin  county,  Vermont,  May  11,  1843,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga 
conaty  in  1854.  Since  attaining  hiB  majority  he  has  deYoted  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing. On  September  17,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  P,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  held  the  ranks  of  corporal  and  sergeant  during  his  term  of  service. 
He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  James  Island,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Predricks- 
burg,  Chancellorsville,  Knoxville,  Jackson,  Vicksburg,  the  Wildeimess,  and  many 
other  engagements.    He  was  wounded  in  the  left  knee  at  the  Wilderness,  May  6, 

1864,  and  laid  in  the  woods  three  days  before  being  picked  up.  He  re-enlisted 
in  December,  1863,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service,  July  17,  1865, 
having  served  nearly  four  years.  In  1871  he  married  Libbie  Wakley,  a  daughter 
of  John  B.  and  Mary  (Woodward)  Waldey,  of  Deerfield  township,  and  has  four 
children,  viz:  Walter  J.,  Lola,  Madge  and  Eena  M.  For  some  years  Mr.  Kilbum 
was  a  breeder  of  Hambletonian  horses,  and  among  other  valuable  animals,  he  bred 
"Kilbum  Jim,"  with  a  record  of  2.23,  which  he  sold  for  the  sum  of  $5,300.  Mr. 
Kilbum  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  is  one  of  the  representative  and  progressive 
farmers  of  his  township. 

Stephen  P.  Chase  was  born  in  'Sew  Bedford,  Massa,chusetts,  IsTovember  29, 
1840,  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Betsey  T.  (Payne)  Chase,  both  of  whom  are  dead. 
He  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1854,  and  on  September  7,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  H,  Eighty-sixth  New  York  Volunteers.  He  was  enrolled  as  a 
private,  and  was  promoted  to  corporal,  sergeant,  color-sergeant  and  color-bearer,  sue- 
sessively.  In  March,  1862,  he  was  taken  sick  with  typhoid  fever,  and  was  confined 
in  the  regimental  hospital  near  Good  Hope,  Virginia,  for  two  months.  On  May 
13, 1864,  he  was  appointed  color-bearer  of  the  regiment,  and  at  the  battle  of  North 
Anna,  by  a  conspicuous  act  of  bravery,  he  rallied  the  regiment,  which  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  a  line  of  rebel  earthworks.  Mr.  Chase  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Brandy  Station,  Virginia,  December  30,  1863,  and  re-enlisted  the  following  day  in 
his  old  company  and  regiment.  He  received  a  gun-shot  wound  in  the  left  side  of 
head,  at  Petersburg,  June  18,  1864,  and  was  in  hospital  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Philadelphia,  for  five  months.  He  has  now  in  possession  the  bullet  extracted  from 
his  head,  and  prizes  it  as  a  precious  relic.  The  wound  soon  broke  out,  and  on 
October  30,  1864,  he  was  sent  to  City  Point  Hospital,  where  he  was  under  treat- 
ment for  nine  weeks.  During  his  service  he  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Second  Bull 
Run,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Wapping  Heights,  Mine  Run, 
Wilderness,  Po  River,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  South  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Siege 
of  Petersburg,  and  the  final  assault  on  the  lines  in  front  of  Petersburg,  April  2, 
1865.    He  was  finally  mustered  out  of  the  service  near  Washington,  D.  C,  June  27, 

1865.  Mr.  Chase  had  two  brothers  in  the  service,  Vincent,  from  Rhode  Island, 
and  Charles  W.,  who  was  a  member  of  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  A  brother  of  Mrs.  Chase  served  in  Company  H,  Eighty- 
sixth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  died  in  the  service.  On  November  21,  1867,  Mr. 
Chase  was  married  at  Jasper,  New  York,  to  Roxanna  S.  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Richard 
and  Phoebe  (Van  Dusen)  Hunt,  of  Brookfield  township.  Mrs.  Chase  was  bom 
January  21,  1848,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Ina  A.,  Cora  B., 
Charlie  W.,  Phoebe  A.,  Maud  and  Lucy  M.     Mr.  Chase  has  been  superintendent  of 

60 


946  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

the  Methodist  Episcopal  Sunday  school  at  Brookfield  most  of  the  time  since  the 
war.  He  is  a  member  of  the  E.  P.  Babcock  Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield. 
He  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  held  the  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace,  constable  and 
collector  of  Brookfield  township.  He  has  made  farming  his  life  vocation,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  respected  citizens  in  the  community. 

William  Austin  was  bom  in  Carroll,  Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  April 
3, 1840,  a  son  of  James  P.  and  Sally  (Cook)  Austin.  In  1859  he  located  in  Steuben 
county,  New  York,  where  he  followed  farming  until  1861.  In  September  of  that 
year,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Eighty-sixth  New  York  Volunteers.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  and  other 
minor  engagements.  He  held  the  ranks  of  corporal  and  sergeant  successively,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  February  7,  186-4,  on  a  surgeon's  certificate  of  disability. 
He  was  slightly  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  July  3,  1863,  but  never  reported  it  and 
continued  in  active  duty.  On  his  return  to  Steuben  county,  he  continued  farming 
until  1866,  when  he  returned  to  Chautauqua  county.  In  1871  he  located  at  what  ia 
now  Austinburg,  which  is  named  in  his  honor,  and  there  engaged  in  general  merchan- 
dising until  1892.  ■  A  postoffice  was  established  at  this  point  in  1877,  mainly  through 
his  efforts,  of  which  he  was  the  first  incumbent.  He  held  the  office  until  August, 
1893,  when  he  voluntarily  resigned.  In  June,  1878,  he  married  Emeline  Seely,  of 
Troupsburg,  New  York,  who  bore  him  three  children,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  His 
second  marriage  occurred  October  30,  1888,  with  Harriet  Seely,  of  Knoxville.  Mr. 
Austin  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  also  of  the  G.  A.  E.  In  politics,  he 
is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  clerk  of  Brookfield  township  twO'  terms. 

William  L.  Etdee  was  born  in  Gloucester,  England,  January  8,  1857,  and  is  a 
son  of  Charles  Henry  Eyder,  a  member  of  one  of  the  old  and  well  known  families 
of  that  town.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  and  there  received  his  education, 
with  the  exception  of  three  winter  terms  after  coming  to  the  United  States.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  entered  the  British  navy,  where  he  spent  five  years.  In  1875  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  and  located  in  Livingston  county.  New  York,  where  he 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  five  years,  and  then  removed  to  Brookfield  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming.  In  1891 
he  purchased  what  is  known  as  the  Grove  farm,  embracing  ninety-six  acres,  prior  to 
which  year  he  had  conducted  the  old  Samuel  Bacon  farm.  In  1879  Mr.  Eyder  mar- 
ried Mary  Coleman,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  Coleman,  natives  of  England, 
who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1856.  Four  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  union, 
viz:  Mattie,  Willie,  Mabel  and  Maggie.  Mr.  Eyder  is  an  attendant  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  a  member  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  Politically,  a  Eepublican,  he 
is  one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  Brookfield  township. 

Geoege  Eiettee  was  bom- in  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  December  15, 1830,  a  son 
of  Michael  and  Fredericka  (Bach)  Eietter.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
land,  and  in  1854  immigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  soon  after  located  at  Smeth- 
port,  McKean  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  by  the  month  on  a  farm  for 
two  years.  He  then  engaged  in  f aiming  for  himself  in  that  county,  which  he  con- 
tinued for  tw3nty-f our  years,  four  years  at  Smethport  and  twenty  years  at  Eew  City, 
clearing  and  improving  a  farm  at  the  latter  place.  In  1881  he  removed  to  Brook- 
field township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  now  owns  a  fine  farm 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  947 


of  400  acres.  Mr.  Eietter  was  majiied  August  24, 1856,  (o  Eosa  Burtch,  a  daughter 
of  Prederiek  and  Barbara  (Fleisch)  Burtch,  of  McKean  county.  Five  children  have 
blessed  this  union,  viz:  Christina  W.,  wife  of  Gotthold  Burtch;  John  F.,  Ernest, 
Frank  and  Delano.  Mrs.  Eietter  died  August  24,  1885,  aged  fifty-seven  years.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Eietter,  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  He  is  a  prominent  supporter  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  aud 
is  one  of  the  most  successful  farmers  in  Brookfield  township. 


CHAPTEE  LXII. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 
Chatham,  Clymek,  Gaines,  Elk  and  Shippen  Townships. 


Stlvestee  Teeat,  Se.,  was  bom  in  Madison  county.  New  York,  April  14, 
1802,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Hannah  Treat,  who  were  of  English  ancestry,  and  settled 
in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1827,  locating  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  his  son,  Sylvester,  which  he  cleared  and  improved  from  the  wilder- 
ness. He  resided  there  until  his  death,  October  5, 1866.  He  first  purchased  160  acres, 
to  which  he  kept  adding  until  he  owned  300  acres  of  good  land.  He  was  one  of 
the  substantial  citizens  of  Chatham,  and  was  honored  and  respected  by  his  neigh- 
bors. His  wife,  Lucinda,  was  a  daughter  of  Abiatha  and  Alvira  (Holt)  Gates,  of 
Madison  county,  New  York,  and  bore  him  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz:  Mary, 
wife  of  Thomas  Owlett;  Lydia,  wife  of  Dr.  William  B.  Eich;  Eufus  G.,  Caroline, 
wife  of  L.  D.  Carl;  Darinda  L.,  wife  of  James  H.  Carl;  Amelia,  wife  of  Leonidas 
Avery,  and  Sylvester. 

EuFtrs  G.  Teeat,  eldest  son  of  Sylvester  Treat,  Sr.,  was  bom  on  his  father's 
farm  in  Chatham  townehip,  Tioga  county,  July  31,  1832,  there  grew  to  manhood, 
and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district.  He  owns  and  occupies  a  part  of  the 
old  farm  settled  by  his  father,  purchased  before  and  since  the  latter's  death,  upon 
which  he  has  lived  since  1853.  On  August  14,  1853,  he  married  Mary  J.  Snyder,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Adeline  (Baker)  Snyder,  of  Faxmington  township.  They 
have  reared  a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  Caroline,  wife  of  Thomas  Eansom;  Nellie, 
wife  of  George  Eansom;  Jesse,  who  married  Lizzie  Bosard;  Mary,  wife  of  E.  W. 
Conklin;  Ernest,  and  Ada,  wife  of  Frank  Palmer.  In  September,  18ff4,  Mr.  Treat 
enhsted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
He  was  in  the  battle  of  Boydstown  Plank  Eoad,  October  27,  1864,  and  for  six 
weeks  after  was  on  picket  duty  at  Port  Sedgwick,  where  he  was  transferred  to  the 


948  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Army  of  the  James,  under  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler,  and  later  under  Gen.  0.  C.  Ord.  He 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  June  28, 1865,  and  received  his  final  discharge  July  8, 
1865.  Mr.  Treat  is  one  of  Chatham's  leading  farmers,  and  has  been  postmaster  of 
East  Chatham  since  1870.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  and  K.  of  H. 

Sylvester  Teeat,  youngest  son  of  Sylvester  Treat,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Chatham 
township,  Tioga  coauty,  upon  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  December  36,  1846. 
He  was  reared  to  manhood  upon  the  old  homestead,  and  became  its  owner  at  his 
father's  death.  This  farm  now  embraces  150  acres  of  well-improved  land.  On 
September  38,  1868,  Mr.  Treat  married  Sarah  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Judy  (Close)  Miller,  of  Chatham  township.  They  are  the  parents  of  eight  children, 
viz:  Lewis,  Alice,  wife  of  Judd  Butler;  Burt,  Agnes  L.,  Fannie,  Claude  S.,  Samuel 
and  Clara.  In  politics,  Mr.  Treat  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  the  ofB.ee  of  school 
director  for  six  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.,  and  one  of  the  progressive 
farmers  of  the  community. 

Matthbvf  Boom  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  New  York,  in  1798,  and  was  a 
son  of  Forgarty  Boom.  About  1836  he  settled  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  taking  up  200  acres  of  land,  and  built  a  log  cabin  in  the  midst  of 
the  forest.  Here  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his 
death.  His  «vife,  Caroline  Pangbum,  a  native  of  Montgomery  county.  New  York, 
was'the  mother  of  eight  children,  named  as  follows:  John  F.,  William,  Mary  A.,  who 
married  James  P.  King;  Sylvester,  Phoebe  E.,  wife  of  Paul  Hunter;  Darius,  Melissa, 
wife  of  William  Coburn,  and  Ben.  Mr.  Boom  did  service  as  a  guide  in  the  War  of 
1812.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  a  very  worthy 
citizen. 

Ben  Boom,  youngest  child  of  Matthew  Boom,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  April  4,  1843,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  has 
always  followed  farming  as  an  occupation.  In  1861  he  married  Nancy  Mattison,  a 
daughter  of  Gardner  and  Betsey  (Winegardner)  Mattison,  of  Knoxville,  Tioga 
county,  and  has  two  children:  Carrie  E.,  wife  of  Myron  Reynolds,  and  Jessie.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Boom  is  a  Republican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.  He  is  one  of 
Chatham's  progressive  farmers,  and  owns  and  occupies  the  old  homestead  settled  by 
his  father  about  sixty  years  ago. 

Jeebmiah  Gaknee  M-ern  bom  in  Chenango  county,  New  York,  October  3,  1804, 
and  was  a  son  of  Gideon  and  Patty  Garner.  In  1841  he  came  from  Locke,  Cayuga 
county,  New  York,  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  Delos,  upon  which  he  resided  imtil  his  death, 
August  30,  3879,  in  his  seveaty-fifth  year.  He  cleared  and  improved  this  farm 
through  the  passing  years,  and  succeeded  in  making  it  valuable  property.  Mr. 
Garner  was  a  hard-working,  honest  and  industrious  farmer,  and  was  highly  esteemed 
by  his  neighbors.  He  was  married  to  Maria  Reynolds,  October  2,  1825,  to  which 
union  were  born  eight  children,  viz:  Lucy  A.,  wife  of  Charies  Mosher;  Wilham 
J.,  Daniel  W.,  Betsey  J.,  wife  of  R.  J.  Mosher;  Martha  M.,  wife  of  John  F.  Ackley; 
Delos,  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  Amason  Sensabatigh,  and  Lucius  R.  Mrs.  Garner  died 
March  5,  1875,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  her  age. 

Delos  Gaenee  was  born  in  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  July  10, 1838,  and  came 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  949 


to  Chatham  township  with  his  parents,  Jeremiah  and  Maria  Garner,  in  1841,  since 
which  time  he  has  lived  upon  his  present  farm.  He  attended  the  district  schools 
in  boyhood,  and  his  entire  attention  has  been  devoted  to  farming.  Mr.  Gamer 
was  mai'ried  April  39,  1871,  to  Josephine  GrifSn,  a  daughter  of  Philo  and  Jane 
(Leach)  Griffin,  of  Middlebury  township.  They  have  an  adopted  daughter,  Millie 
E.  In  politics,  Mr.  Gamer  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  Chatham's 
leading  citizens. 

Lucius  E.  Gabneh,  youngest  child  of  Jeremiah  Gamer,  was  bom  on  the  old 
homestead  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  June  12,  1844.  He  was  reared  in 
his  native  township,  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and  has  always  fol- 
lowed farming  as  an  occupation.  Since  1880  he  has  resided  on  the  old  Sprague 
farm  in  Westfield  township.  On  April  29,  1871,  Mr.  Garner  married  Mary 
Sprague,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Keziah  Sprague,  of  Westfield  township,  and 
has  one  son,  Jerrold  Paige.  Mr.  Gamer  is  a  Eepubliean,  has  filled  several  local 
offices  in  the  township,  and  is  one  of  its  respected  citizens. 

Solomon  Coopek  was  born  in  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  April  5,  1827, 
a  son  of  Jason  and  Maria  (Champlain)  Cooper.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Chat- 
ham township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1844,  where  his  father  took  up  a 
tract  of  land,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death.  Jason  Cooper  was  a  soldier 
in  the  War  of  1812,  and  reared  the  following  children:  Solomon,  Erasmus,  Hannah, 
who  married  "Warren  Boom;  Winchester  E.,  Betsey,  who  married  Henry  Madison; 
Burdick,  Eobert,  and  Esther,  who  married  William  E.  Freeman.  On  attaining 
his  majority,  Solomon  Cooper  engaged  in  farming,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by 
W.  E.  Cooper,  cleared  and  improved  a  part  of  it,  and  there  died,  January  11,  1856, 
in  his  twenty-ninth  year.  His  wife,  Urania  J.,  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Ehza  (Stringer)  Mack,  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York.  She  became  the  mother  of 
four  children,  three  of  whom  survive:  Eliza,  wife  of  Norman  Tremain;  Jason  and 
Joseph.  Mr.  Cooper  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in 
politics,  a  Whig. 

Joseph  Coopeh,  youngest  son  of  Solomon  and  Urania  J.  Cooper,  was  bom  in 
Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  March  22,  1853.  He  left  home  when  twelve 
years  of  age,  and  for  five  years  worked  at  anything  he  could  find  to  do.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  engaged  in  farming,  and  so  successful  have  been  his  efforts 
through  the  passing  years,  that  he  owns  to-day  700  acres  of  land  in  Tioga  county, 
principally  in  Chatham  township.  For  upwards  of  twenty  years  Mr.  Cooper  has 
been  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  stock  to  the  New  York  markets,  and  also  has 
been  more  or  less  interested  in  general  merchandising.  He  has  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  various  other  business  interests,  and  has  been  generally  successful  in  all  his 
undertakings.  Mr.  Cooper  was  married  July  9,  1870,  to  Helen  Mosher,  a  daughter 
of  Charles  and  Lucy  A.  (Gamer)  Mosher,  of  Clymer  township,  and  has  three  chil- 
dren: Lelia,  wife  of  Luther  Davis;  Delos,  who  married  Ada  McNinch,  and  Fred 
A.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has  served  as  supervisor  of  Chatham  town- 
ship for  ten  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  K.  of  H.,  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  social  affairs.  Mr.  Cooper  is  pre-eminently  a  self-made  man. 
Without  any  school  advantages,  he  made  his  way  in  the  world  from  the  age  of  twelve 


950  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

years,  and  is  to-day  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  his  native  county,  as  well 
as  one  of  its  largest  land-owners 

Geoege  Feeeis  was  bom  in  Locke,  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  in  1833,  and 
was  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Ferris,  a  native  of  New  England.  He  came  to  Chatham 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1851,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a 
farm,  now  owned  by  Lucy  Ann  Goodwin,  and  a  grandson,  Loren  Clark.  In  later 
life  he  purchased  another  farm  near  Shortsville,  Chatham  township,  where  he  died 
in  1877,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year.  He  married  Huldah  A.  Harris,  a  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Eunice  (Boga)  Harris,  of  Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  three  children:  Joseph 
H.,  Lucy  Ann,  wife  of  William  Goodwin,  and  George  A.  Mr.  Ferris  was  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Joseph  H.  Feeeis,  eldest  son  of  George  Ferris,  was  bom  in  Locke,  Cayuga 
county.  New  York,  December  13, 1844,  and  was  in  his  seventh  year  when  his  parents 
located  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield.  At  eighteen  years  of 
age  he  began  his  career  as  a  teacher,  and  followed  that  profession  during  the  winter 
seasons  for  fifteen  years.  He  was  principal  of  Westfield  High  School  in  1877,  and 
taught  his  last  term  at  Little  Marsh  in  1880.  Mr.  Ferris  has  also  followed  the 
carpenter's  trade  to  some  extent,  as  well  as  farming,  and  was  in  the  mercantile 
business  at  Little  Marsh  for  a  year  and  a  half,  and  for  several  years  was  engaged  in 
huckstering  on  a  large  scale.  On  December  38,  1876,  he  married  Emma  J.  Cady, 
a  daughter  of  Jerry  P.  Cady,  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York.  They  are  the  parents 
of  four  children,  viz:  Earl  J.,  Frank  A.,  Sadie  Z.  and  Nellie.  Mr.  Ferris  is  a  stanch 
Eepublican,  and  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga  county  in  1885,  and  served  three 
years.  He  has  also  held  nearly  all  the  different  local  offices  in  Chatham  township, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 

Alvin  H.  Eice,  a  native  of  Delaware  county.  New  York,  bom  December  2, 
1810,  settled  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1847,  on  a  tract 
of  forest  land,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  built  a  saw-mill  and  blacksmith 
shop,  and  carried  on  one  of  the  first  stores  at  Little  Marsh.  His  wife  was  Sally 
Faulkner,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Luther,  Orrin,  George  W.,  Erastus, 
Austin  D.,  Chancey  J.,  Amelia  A.,  William  A.,  James  M.,  Eeuben  H.,  Sally  A.  and 
Charles  A.    Mr.  Eice  died  March  23, 1869,  and  his  wife,  January  37",  1880. 

Austin  D.  Eice  was  bom  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  June  1,  1839,  a  son 
of  Alvin  H.  Eice,  and  came  to  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  with  his  parents 
when  he  was  about  eight  years  old.  He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and 
learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  he  followed  about  seven  years.  On  September 
17, 1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served 
with  his  regiment  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  He  lost  his 
left  leg  in  the  latter  engagement,  September  17,  1863,  and  received  an  honorable 
discharge  in  March,  1863.  On  his  retum  home. he  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade, 
which  he  followed  eight  years,  but  later  engaged  in  general  merchandising  for  five 
years,  since  which  time  he  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits  more  or  less.  Mr. 
Eice  was  married  July  11,  1868,  to  Martha  A.  English,  a  daughter  of  George  and 
Ellen  (McEwen)  English,  of  Delmar  township.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
and  her  mother  of  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.     Her  maternal  grandfather. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  951 


John  McEwen,  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and  a  pioneer  of  Delmar  township. 
His  wife  was  a  Miss  Miller.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eiee  have  two  children  living:  Ellen  wife 
of  Ural  King,  and  Hazel.  Mrs.  Eice  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Woman's  Eelief 
Corps,  of  Little  Marsh.  Mr.  Eice  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  the  TJ.  V.  L.,  the 
K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  K.  of  H.  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  served  four 
years  as  postmaster  of  Little  Marsh  under  President  Cleveland's  first  administration. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  same  office  in  1894,  which  he  now  occupies,  and  has  held 
various  local  offices  in  Chatham  township,  including  that  of  justice  of  the  peace  for 
twenty-four  years. 

NoEMAN  A.  AsHTON^  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  ISTovember  10, 
1827,  a  son  of  Matthew  and  Esther  (Lewis)  Ashton.  He  was  reared  in  that  State, 
there  married  Hannah  C.  Mchols,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Electa  (Eisden)  Nichols, 
of  Livingston  county,  and  in  1864  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  in  Chatham  township.  Here  he  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits 
up  to  his  death.  May  17, 1890.  Five  children  were  bom  to  him,  four  of  whom  grew 
to  maturity,  viz:  Frances,  wife  of  J.  M.  Swimelar;  ■  Catharina,  wife  of  Grant  Gleason; 
Nathan  W.  and  Henry  A.  Mr.  Ashton  was  a  Democrat,  and  filled  various  local 
offices  in  his  township. 

Benjamin  J.  Fitlkeeson,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Gulich  town- 
ship, Clearfield  county,  Pennsylvania,  March  7,  1855,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Eleanor 
(Stephens)  Fulkerson,  and  is  of  Welch  and  German  extraction.  He  was  educated 
at  Eeed  Institute,  Clarion  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1873  began  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  W.  H.  Edwards,  of  Smith's  Mills,  Clearfield  county.  In  1874-75, 
he  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New  York,  and  in  1879- 
80,  and  in  1880-81,  he  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  New  York  City,  where 
he  was  graduated  in  March,  1881.  In  August  of  that  year,  he  located  at  Little 
Marsh,  in  Chatham  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  built  up  quite  an  extensive 
practice,  and  became  widely  known  as  a  good  physician.  In  1895  he  removed  to 
Tyrone,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  now  resides  and  pursues  his  profession.  Dr.  Ful- 
kerson was  married  September  1,  1881,  to  Ida  J.  Alleman,  a  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Catherine  (Shoemaker)  Alleman,  of  AUeman's,  Clearfield  county.  They  are 
the  parents  of  three  children,  viz:  Katie,  Eleanor  and  Daniel.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
stanch  Eepubliean,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F„  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  K.  0.  T. 
M.  societies. 

CLTMEB    TOWNSHIP. 

Luke  Scott  was  bom  in  Vermont,  May  11,  1765,  and  settled  at  Knoxville, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1804,  where  he  engaged  in  lumbering.  He  sub- 
sequently lived  on  Troup's  creek,  in  Deerfield  township,  and  resided  with  his  son 
Eufus,  in  Clymer  township,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  September  19,  1838.  His 
wife  was  Chloe  Darling,  and  their  children  were  as  follows:  Joanna,  who  married 
Julius  Seely;  Stephen,  Luke,  Caroline,  who  married  Archibald  Knox;  Orril,  who 
married  ^ohn  Goodspeed,  Sr.;  James,  Eufus,  Charles,  and  Harriet,  who  married 
Orson  Pemberton. 

Eufus  Scott,  son  of  Luke  Scott,  was  bom  in  New  Hampshire,  July  34,  1802, 
and  was  about  two  jeaxs  old  when  his  parents  settled  at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county. 
In  1823  he  located  in  Clymer  township,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  the  farm 


952  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son,  Eli  D.,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  June 
i,  1884,  aged  eighty-two  years.  His  wife,  Caroline,  was  a  daughter  of  Robert 
and  Hannah  (Mattison)  Dickens,  of  Clymer  township.  They  were  the  parents  of 
ten  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Lafayette,  Luke,  James,  Joel, 
Eli  D.,  Chloe,  who  married  Stephen  Dickens;   Lemuel  and  Winfield. 

WiNFiELD  Scott,  youngest  son  of  Eufus  Scott,  and  grandson  of  Luke  Scott, 
the  pioneer,  was  bom  on  the  old  Scott  homestead  in  Clymer  township.  May  18, 
1847.  He  was  educated  at  Union  and  Ulysses  Academies,  and  has  always  followed 
farming  as  an  occupation.  With  the  exception  of  a  two  years'  residence  in  Hector 
township.  Potter  county,  he  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  Clymer  township.  In 
1873  he  married  Eosina  Scott,  a  daughter  of  Levi  and  Polly  (Seamans)  Scott,  of 
Westfield,  and  has  one  daughter,  Julia  L.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  leading  farmer  of  Clymer, 
and  an  active  supporter  of  every  worthy  enterprise.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  the  P.  of  H.,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  both  societies. 

Silas  S.  Gbiffin  was  born  in  Georgetown,  Madison  county,  New  York,  June 
30,  1811,  a  son  of  William  and  Polly  (Sweet)  Griffin,  and  was  of  English  descent. 
His  grandfather,  Conrad  Griffin,  immigrated  from  England  to  Long  Island.  Our 
subject  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  in  1833  settled  in  Clymer  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  now  occupied 
by  his  widow,  the  wife  of  Charles  P.  Bruce,  upon  which  he  spent  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Elizabeth  Thompson, 
daughter  of  Bethlehem  Thompson,  a  pioneer  of  Deerfield  and  Cljnner  townships. 
Two  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union:  Mary  E.,  who  married  Hannibal  Ladd, 
and  Lucius.  On  May  7,  1845,  he  married  Susannah  M.  Thomas,  a  daughter  of 
Abial  P.  and  Lydia  L.  (Pickett)  Thomas,  natives  of  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts, 
respectively,  and  early  settlers  of  Troupsburg,  New  York.  Eight  children  were 
born  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Silas  Alvin,  William  Albert,  Lucetta  S.,  wife  of  Einaldo 
Taylor;  Maretta  L.,  \vdfe  of  William  PauU;  Maletta  Lavina,  wife  of  John  South- 
worth;  Annis  Adora,  wife  of  Eugene  Schoonover;  Lemuel  A.,  and  Sarah  J.,  wife 
of  James  Keman.  Mr.  Griffin  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
for  many  years,  and  in  politics,  a  supporter  of  the  Republican  party. 

Silas  Alvin  Geiffin,  eldest  son  of  Silas  S.  and  Susannah  M.  (Thomas) 
Griffin,  was  born  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  January  4,  1846.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy.  In  August,  1864,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
participated  in  all  of  the  battles  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  wounded  in  the  right  leg  in  the  last  fight  in  front  of  Peters- 
burg, and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  May  31,  1865.  After  his 
return  home,  he  remained  on  the  homestead  until  1868,  when  he  removed  to  a  farm 
of  his  own.  He  has  cleared  four  farms  in  Clymer  township,  ha^  resided  on  his  pres- 
ent farm  since  1879,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  land-owners  in  this  section  of  the 
county.  On  August  11,  1867,  he  married  Sai-ah  E.  Hurd,  a  daughter  of  Russell 
and  Louisa  (Higgins)  Hurd,  of  Gaines  township,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  five 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Benjamin  A.,  who  married  Olive  Hoagland;  Eva 
M.,  who  mai-ried  Frank  Keman,  and  died  leaving  one  son,  George  Alvin,  now  being 


BIOGBAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  953 


reared  by  our  subject;  Maretta  A.,  wife  of  Clayton  Scott;  Clai-k  S.,  and  Walter 
D.  Mr.  Griffin  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  progressive  faxmers  of  Tioga  county, 
and  takes  a  commendable  interest  in  public  affairs.  In  politics,  a  Republican,  he 
has  held  the  office  of  school  director  several  terms,  and  is  a  leading  member  of  the 
G.  A.  E. 

Isaac  Beach,  a  native  of  Dutchess  county,  'New  York,  came  from  Tompkins 
county.  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  April,  1836,  settling  in 
Clymer  township,  then  a  part  of  Westfield.  He  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  now 
occupied  by  his  son  Burdett,  where  he  also  kept  a  store  and  entertained  the  travel- 
ing public.  He  was  quite  a  prominent  citizen  of  his  time,  and  both  he  and  wife 
died  upon  the  old  homestead.  Her  maiden  name  was  Jane  Miller,  a  native  of 
Tompkins  county.  New  York,  and  she  became  the  mother  of  seven  children  who 
grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Jefferson  B.,  Emily,  who  married  Joshua  Eushmore;  Clark 
W.,  Burdett,  Annette,  wife  of  Israel  Smith;  Almira,  who  married  John  Sunderlain, 
and  Miranville  K.  Mrs.  Beach  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
but  her  husband  was  connected  with  no  religious  denomination. 

Jefferson  B.  Beach,  eldest  son  of  Isaac  and  Jane  Beach,  was  bom  in  Dryden, 
Tompkins  county.  New  York,  August  25,  1835,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  what 
is  now  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1836.  He  attended  the  district  schools 
in  boyhood,  and  farming  has  been  his  life  vocation.  He  cleared  350  acres  of  land 
in  Clymer  township  himself,  and  is  the  owner  of  four  fine  farms  in  that  township, 
embracing  nearly  400  acres  of  land.  In  1885  he  retired  from  active  b\isiness  life, 
and  has  since  been  a  resident  of  "Westfield.  Mr.  Beach  was  married  October  29, 
1848,  to  Catherine  Douglas,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Sally  (Eedner)  Douglas, 
of  Hector  township.  Potter  county.  Eight  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz: 
Wallace  D.,  Augustus  C,  Ezra  G.,  Charles  L.,  Ida  A.,  wife  of  Leon  Kilbourn;  John 
W.,  who  died  aged  eleven  months;  Jenny  S.,  wife  of  Guy  Waterman;  Nettie,  wife 
of  Frank  Bristol,  and  Elwood  S.  Mr.  Beach  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  in  which  he  served  as  steward  forty-three  years,  and  is  now  filling 
the  office  of  trustee.  He  has  been  a  Republican  since  the  organization  of  that  party, 
and  is  one  of  the  well-known  and  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  county. 

EzEA  G.  Beach  was  -bom  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  June  21,  1855, 
a  son  of  Jefferson  B.  and  Catherine  (Douglas)  Beach.  He  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  township,  and  on  attaining  his  majority  went  into  the  lumber 
woods  jobbing  for  tanneries,  principally  for  H.  H.  Crary  &  Company,  of  Westfield. 
He  has  also  been  largely  connected  with  lumber  operations,  and  has  given  employ- 
ment to  a  large  number  of  woodsmen.  He  has  followed  this  business  successfully 
for  about  twenty-four  years,  until  the  forests  in  his  vicinity  have  been  stripped  of 
their  best  timber.  On  July  6,  1888,  Mr.  Beach  married  Louisa  Putman,  a  daughter 
of  Wilham  and  Harriet  (Campbell)  Putman,  of  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county,  who 
has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Mabel,  who  died  February  26,  1891,  and  Grace 
May,  who  died  April  24,  1893.  In  1894  Mr.  Beach  located  on  the  old  William 
Furman  farm,  on  Pine  creek,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He  is  a  member  of 
Middlebury  Lodge,  No.  844,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Keeneyville;  also  of  Gaines  Encamp- 
ment, No.  314,  of  Gaines.     In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Orein  Stebbins,  Sh.,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  from  Madison  county. 


954  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    C0T7NTY. 


Kew  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1837,  and  located  on  the  site  of 
Sabinsville,  Clymer  township,  which  was  at  that  time  covered  with  forest.  Prior 
to  his  settlement  in  this  county  he  had  married  Nancy  Hancock,  who  bore  him 
three  children,  viz:  Nancy  Lorena,  born  July  3,  1827,  and  died  September  8,  fal- 
lowing; BUjah  H.,  bom  August  6,  1839,  who  died  December  18,  1880,  and  Orrin, 
born  December  11,  1833,  who  died  October  12,  1880.  Mr.  Stebbins  cleared  and 
improved  a  farm  in  Clymer  township,  upon  which  he  spent  the  remaining  years 
of  his  life,  dying  December  5,  1874.     His  wife  survived  until  July  7,  1S84. 

Elijah  H.  Stebbins  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Madison  county,  New  York, 
August  6,  1829,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county, 
when  about  eight  yeajs  of  age.  He  attended  the  district  schools  of  his  neighbor- 
hood, and  followed  farming  and  lumbering  after  attaining  manhood,  up  to  1872, 
when  his  father's  property  was  divided  and  he  received  as  his  share  a  general  store 
and  a  part  of  the  homestead  farm.  In  1875  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother-in-law,  George  Eoberts,  and  built  a  steam  grist  and  saw-miU,  which  was 
burned  in  1877.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  rebuilt  the  saw-mill,  which  he 
continued  to  operate  until  his  death,  December  18,  1880.  Mr.  Stebbins  married 
Lydia  A.  Eoberts,  a  daughter  of  D.  D.  and  Mary  A.  Eoberts,  of  Clymer  township, 
and  reared  three  children,  viz:  Milford  H.,  of  Wellsboro;  George  A.,  of  Sabins- 
ville,  and  Cora  I.,  who  resides  with  her  mother  on  the  old  homestead.  He  was 
a  charter  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A.  M. 

Alonzo  Giles  Sabins  was  bom  in  Lebanon,  Madison  county.  New  York, 
August  28,  1812,  and  settled  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1838,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  widow  and  son,  Luman  E.  At  the  time 
of  his  settlement  Clymer  township  was  an  almost  unbroken  Avildemess,  with  an 
occasional  clearing  here  and  there,  and  he  resided  upon  his  land  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  October  30,  1886.  He  taught  school  the  first  winter  after  his 
arrival,  and  was  one  of  the  first  teachers  in  his  locality.  Mr.  Sabins  was  married 
September  15, 1838,  in  Lebanon,  New  York,  to  Phoebe  F.  Eisk,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Millie  (Stevens)  Eisk.  On  the  maternal  side  Mrs.  Sabins  is  a  grand-daughter 
of  Gaylord  Stevens,  of  Lebanon,  New  York.  On  the  day  succeeding  their  mar- 
riage, the  young  couple  took  their  wedding  trip  to  theii'  new  home  in  the  forest 
of  Clymer  township,  and  settled  down  to  house-keeping.  They  became  the  parents 
of  two  children,  John  M.,  deceased,  and  Luman  E.  Mr.  Sabins  was  an  attendant 
of  the  TJniversalist  church.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  filled  the  office 
of  township  auditor  for  a  period.  He  was  a  thrifty  and  progressive  man,  and  the 
village  of  Sabinsville  was  named  in  his  honor. 

Luman-  E.  Sabins,  only  surviving  child  of  Alonzo  G.  Sabins,  was  bom  on  the 
homestead  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  August  15,  1845,  and  has  spent  his 
entire  life  upon  the  home  farm.  On  October  1,  1882,  he  married  Flora  Hewitt, 
a  daughter  of  George  and  Martha  (Jewett)  Hewitt,  of  Waterville,  Oneida  county. 
New  York,  and  has  two  children,  John  L.  and  Bessie  A.  Politically,  Mr.  Sabins 
is  a  Democrat,  has  been  tax  collector,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  as  constable 
of  Clymer  township.  He  is  a  member  of  "Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  also  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  and  the  Grange. 

EiLET  BuEDic  came  with  his  parents,  Jesse  Bnrdic  and  wife,  to  Clymer  town- 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  955 


ship,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1837,  where  his  father  died  at  the  age  of 
seventy-eight  years,  and  his  mother  aged  eighty  years.  They  reared  a  large  family, 
and  one  of  their  sons  served  in  the  War  of  1812.  Eiley  was  mai-ried  on  Addison 
HUl,  Tnscarora  township,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  June  4,  1830,  to  Miss 
Schoonover,  a  daughter  of  Jonas  and  Elsie  (Strait)  Schoonover.  She  became  the 
mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Hiram,  George,  Sally  Mariah,  who  married  Wesley 
ISrewton;  William  K.,  Emma,  wife  of  John  Jenkins,  and  Peleg.  Mr.  Burdic  owned 
a  farm  of  140  acres  of  land,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death.  In  politics,  he 
was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church. 
His  widow  resides  with  her  son,  William  E.,  in  Clymer  township,  at  the  ripe  age 
of  eighty-four  years. 

William  E.  Buedic  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead  in  Clymer  township, 
Tioga  coimty,  January  5,  1842,  and  was  reared  beneath  the  parental  roof.  In 
August,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  participating  in  the  Siege  of 
Petersburg  and  the  charge  on  Port  Steadman.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  the 
home  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  politics,  Mr.  Burdic  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Grange  and  the  G.  A.  E. 

Feeeman  Wilcox,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  and  a  son  of  Hazzard  Wilcox, 
was  born  in  1810,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  State.  About  1840  he  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  soon  after  purchased  100  acres  of  land,  which 
he  cleared  and  improved,  and  upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1884,  aged 
seventy-four  years.  On  March  19,  1843,  he  married  Sophronia  Hancock,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Lyman  and  Ehoda  (Ide)  Hancock,  pioneers  of  Clymer  township.  She  bore 
him  three  children,  two  of  whom  survive,  Frank  L.  and  William  W.  Mr.  Wilcox 
was  a  quiet,  unobtnisive  man,  and  was  respected  by  his  neighbors. 

William  W.  Wilcox,  youngest  son  of  Freeman  and  Sophronia  Wilcox,  was 
born  on  the  old  Wilcox  homestead  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  January  11, 
1849,  and  has  always  lived  upon  the  same  farm,  which  he  now  owns.  He  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  has  made  agriculture  his  life  vocation.  On  April 
9, 1871,  he  married  Mary  Sutton,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Huldah  (SeeJy)  Sutton, 
of  Deerfield  township.  They  have  three  children  living,  viz:  Joseph  D.,  Eoba 
and  Arlington.  Mr.  Wilcox  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  supervisor  of  Clymer 
township  three  years. 

Thomas  Eldeidge,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  a  son  of  John  Eldridge,  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1847.  He  settled  in  Clymer  township,  and  with 
the  assistance  of  his  son,  John,  cleared  and  improved  the  farm  now  owned  by  the 
latter,  where  he  died  in  1867.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Graham,  of  Washington 
county.  New  York.  She  bore  him  a  family  of  eight  children,  viz:  Joshua,  Martha, 
who  married  Abner  Harding;  Thomas,  Horace,  James,  John,  Edwin  and  Hiram. 
Of  these,  Martha,  John  and  Edwin  are  living.  Mr.  Eldridge  was  a  soldier  in  the 
War  of  1812,  and  his  father  was  a  veteran  of  the  Eevolution. 

John  Eldeidge  was  bom  in  Hartford,  Washington  county,  New  York,  March 
22,  1830,  and  came  with  his  parents,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Eldridge,  to  Saratoga 
and  Tompkins  counties.  New  York,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  The  family 
settled  in   Clymer   township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1847,  where  John 


956  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

remained  one  winter.  For  the  nine  succeeding  years  lie  lived  at  Groton,  New 
York,  where  he  was  employed  in  buying  material  for  a  firkin  factory.  In  1857 
he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  lived  two  years  on  his  father's  homestead,  and  in 
1860  embarked  in  the  hotel  business  at  Sandy  Hill,  New  York.  In  1861  he  sold 
out  and  enlisted  in  a  New  York  regiment,  and  served  three  months,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged.  He  then  returned  to  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  three  years  that  he  spent  in  the 
hotel  business  at  Addison,  New  York.  In  1865,  Mr.  Eldridge  married  Almira 
Morse,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  Morse,  of  Moravia,  New  York,  and  has  one  daughter, 
Ella  E.,  wife  of  Charles  Brewster.  Politically,  Mr.  Eldridge  is  independent,  votiag 
for  the  best  man,  regardless  of  party  creed. 

EoswELL  AcKLET  was  bom  in  Groton,  New  York,  March  14,  1805,  and  was 
a  descendant  of  one  of  four  brothers  who  came  to  America  with  Lafayette  during 
the  Eevolution.  In  1848  he  settled  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  farm,  now  occupied  by  his  son.  Chancy  C,  which  he  cleared  and  improved 
with  the  assistance  of  his  sons,  while  at  the  same  time  he  worked  at  the  carpenter's 
trade.  His  wife,  Almira,  was  a  daughter  of  Beriah  Southworth,  and  bore  him  eight 
children,  viz:  George  M.,  Sally  A.,  wife  of  Aaron  Yale;  John,  Beriah  S.,  Lovinus 
B.,  Henry  C,  Chancy  C,  and  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Alvin  Sweazey.  All  of  Mr.  Ackley's 
sons,  except  John,  were  soldiers  in  the  Union  army  during  the  Eebellion.  He  and 
wife  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Ee- 
publiean  from  the  organization  of  the  party,  but  he  east  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  Andrew  Jackson,  under  whose  administration  he  was  postmaster  of  Groton 
City,  New  York,  though  later  he  became  a  Whig.  He  filled  several  minor  offices 
in  Clymer  township,  among  them  Justice  of  the  peace.  Mr.  Ackley  died  May  31, 
1883. 

Chancy  C.  Ackley,  son  of  Eoswell  Ackley,  was  born  in  Groton  City,  New 
York,  September  6,  1840,  and  was  eight  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga 
county.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy  and  com- 
menced life  as  a  teacher,  which  vocation  he  followed  for  three  years.  He  then 
engaged  in  farming,  buying  and  selling  stock,  and  various  other  occupations  at 
different  periods.  On  August  34,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eleventh  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  entering  the  service  as  a  sergeant.  In  December,  186,3,  he  was 
honorably  discharged.  In  the  fall  of  1863,  he  assisted  in  raising  an  independent 
battery  of  180  men,  which,  however,  was  afterward  disbanded,  by  order  of  Adjtitant- 
General  Eussell.  In  August,  1864,  he  recruited  forty  men  for  Company  D,  Two 
Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  of  said  company  September  3,  1864.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  ser- 
vice May  31, 1865.  During  his  first  term  he  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Pen- 
insular Campaign,  as  a  member  of  the  Eleventh  Cavalry,  and  thence  to  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  and  through  to  North  Carolina.  During  his  second  term  of  service,  he  was 
in  command  of  the  picket-line  along  the  James  river,  and  received  the  thanks  of 
his  general  for  giving  warning  of  an  expected  attack  by  the  rebels  in  front  of 
Owlett  House  battery.  He  was  also  in  the  battles  of  Stony  Creek,  Hatcher's  Eun, 
and  Fort  Steadman.  In  the  last  battle  he  charged  ahead  of  his  compajiy,  and  took 
five  prisoners  himself.    He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  head,  back  and  right  arm 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  957 

at  Petersburg,  from  the  eilects  of  which  wounds  he  still  suffers.  Mr.  Ackley  was 
married  January  3,  1895,  to  Mary  A.  Higgins,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Higgins,  of 
Clymer  township.  He  is  a  member  of  H.  C.  Ackley  Post,  No.  469,  G.  A.  E.,  of 
Sabinsville,  and  in  politics,  an  ardent  Kepublican. 

Capt.  Keuben  Pish  was  born  July  11,  1780,  and  was  a  son  of  Capt.  Ebenezer 
Pish,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier.  He  spent  nearly  all  his  life  in  Cortland  county,  New 
York,  and  was  captain  of  a  company  during  the  War  of  1812.  His  wife,  Betsey, 
was  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Cleveland,  and  was  of  the  same  ancestry  as  President 
Cleveland.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Parmelia,  who  married  Jared  Davis; 
Ephraim  C,  and  Ephraim  (2d);  Ebenezer  D.,  Stephen  P.,  Sally,  who  married 
Holland  Wood;  Mary,  who  married  Hendrick  Nash;  Perlina,  who  married  John 
Luce;  Betsey,  who  married  William  Rexford;  Lydia,  John  P.,  Jane,  who  married 
Enos  Campbell,  and  Eeuben.  Many  of  the  descendants  of  Capt.  Eeuben  Fish  are 
now  residents  of  Tioga  county. 

Jaeed  Davis  was  born  in  Ehode  Island,  September  25,  1795,  a  son  of  Daniel 
and  Deborah  (Talbot)  Davis.  He  was  reared  in  the  town  of  Butternuts,  Otsego 
county.  New  York,  and  spent  his  early  manhood  in  Cortland  county.  New  York, 
where  he  married  Parmelia  Pish,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Eeuben  and  Betsey  (Cleve- 
land) Fish.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  spent  one  year,  and  then  returned  to  Cortland  county.  In  1846  he  located  in 
Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  and  engaged  in  lumbering  until  1858,  when  he 
removed  to  Clymer  township,  where  he  cleared  the  land  now  the  site  of  Davis 
Station,  on  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad,  which  was  named  in  his  honor. 
He  resided  there  until  his  death,  November  22,  1883.  His  children  were  as  follows: 
Wilson,  Julia,  wife  of  V.  E.  Gee;  Eeuben  F.,  Fanny,  wife  of  Eufus  Eice;  J-ired,  John, 
Betsey,  wife  of  Benjamin  Eldridge,  and  Silas  B.  Mr.  Davis  was  a  veteran  of  the 
War  of  1812,  and  in  politics,  a  stanch  Democrat. 

Eeuben  F.  Davis  was  born  in  Cincinattus,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  Feb- 
ruary 3, 1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Jared  and  Parmelia  Davis.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  In  1848  he  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  Gaines  township,  where  he  followed  lumbering  for  ten 
years.  He  then  exchanged  his  business  for  a  farm,  located  in  Clymer  and  Hector 
townships,  in  Tioga  and  Potter  counties,  respectively,  which  he  cleared  and  im- 
proved. He  resided  upon  it  until  1884,  then  removed  to  Sabinsville,  where  he  lived 
until  the  spring  of  1895,  when  he  returned  to  the  old  homestead.  On  March  25, 
1846,  Mr.  Davis  married  Betsey  Hickox,  a  daughter  of  Luther  and  Eunice  (White) 
Hiekox,  of  Cortland  county.  New  York.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children,  viz: 
Helen,  wife  of  C.  S.  Eushmore;  Charles  M.,  and  Ida,  wife  of  Myron  Barber.  Mr. 
Davis  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  in  politics,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church. 

Chaeles  M.  Davis  was  bom  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  December  31, 
1851,  and  is  the  only  son  of  Eeuben  F.  Davis.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead 
farm,  and  was  educated  in  the  Westfield  High  School  and  Union  Academy.  Since 
attaining  his  majority,  he  taught  school  and  followed  agricultural  pursuits  up 
to  1891,  in  Hector  township.  Potter  county.  In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Sabins- 
TiUe,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  merchandising,  and  has 


958  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

filled  the  office  of  postmaster  since  May,  1894.  Mr.  Davis  was  married  September 
26,  1875,  to  Francelia,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Lavina  (Miller)  Bldridge,  of 
Clymer  township,  and  has  three  children:  Bert  E.,  Bessie  L.,  and  Mary  H.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  the  E.  A.  U.,  and  K.  of  H.,  and  politi- 
cally, an  ardent  Democrat. 

JoHH  Davis,  son  of  Jared  Davis,  was  bom  in  Cortland  county.  New  York, 
September  24,  1831.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county, 
in  1846,  and  for  a  time  was  in  business  at  Pike  Mills,  Potter  county,  where  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  when  but  twenty  years  of  age.  In  1856  he  located  in  Clymer 
township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  and  lumber- 
ing. Since  1882  he  has  also  carried  on  the  mercantile  business.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  establishing  the  postoffice  of  Lansing,  located  at  Davis  Station,  on  the 
Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad.  He  was  postmaster  at  Pike  Mills  from  1851 
to  1856,  and  has  filled  the  same  office  at  Lansing  from  1856  up  to  the  present.  He 
has  been  postmaster  ever  since  he  was  twenty  years  old.  Mr.  Davis  was  married 
April  15,  1859,  to  Parmelia  Larrison,  a  daughter  of  "William  and  Sarah  (Stryker) 
Larrison,  of  Clymer  township,  and  has  one  daughter,  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  William  A. 
Eitter.  Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat,  has  held  the  office  of  assessor  of  Clymer  town- 
ship for  many  years,  and  is  now  serving  his  first  term  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is 
a  charter  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  P.  &  A.  M. 

Chaeles  N.  Butts  was  born  in  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  March  30,  1851, 
a  son  of  Michael  and  Eliza  (McCaslin)  Butts,  and  is  of  English,  French  and  Irish 
ancestry.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  city,  and  obtained  a  limited  education  in  the 
public  schools.  In  boyhood,  he  drove  mules  on  the  canal,  and  was  iaured  to  habits 
of  rigid  industry.  In  the  fall  of  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Forty-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Five  Forks,  Petersburg,  and 
Farmersville,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox.  He  was  hon- 
orably discharged  from  the  service  in  July,  1865,  and  then  returned  to  his  home  in 
Williamsport.  He  commenced  learning  the  mason's  trade,  which  he  worked  at  up 
to  fifteen  years  ago,  and  then  embarked  in  business  for  himself  as  a  contractor,  for 
the  erection  of  bridge  abutments  and  all  kinds  of  stone  and  brick  work,  excavating, 
etc.  He  has  an  enviable  record  for  first-class  work  in  his  line,  and  has  carried  on 
quite  a  successful  business.  He  has  lived  at  SabinsviUe,  Tioga  county,  since  1872. 
On  July  3,  of  that  year,  he  married  Adelia  Newton,  a  daughter  of  Wesley  and  Sarah 
M.  (Burdic)  Newton,  of  SabinsviUe.  They  have  five  children  living,  viz:  Marcena, 
Hattie,  wife  of  Wallace  Burrell,  Charles  L.,  Michael  and  Eena.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Butts  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  connected  with  the  G.  A.  E.,  the  K.  of  H.,  the  K.  0. 
T.  M.,  and  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  societies. 

Thomas  A.  Bate,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Mt.  Pleasant  township, 
Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  21,  1848,  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Harriet 
(Brinker)  Bair,  and  is  of  Holland  Dutch  and  German  extraction.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Westmoreland  county.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Adam  Bair,  was  a 
Eevolutionary  soldier,  and  settled  in  Westmoreland  county  in  1783,  receiving  the 
deed  for  his  land  from  John  Penn,  the  elder,  and  John  Penn,  the  younger.  His  wife 
was  Catherine  Eeichard.  The  matemal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  Henry  Brinker, 
was  also  a  pioneer  of  Westmoreland  county.    Thomas  A.  was  educated  in  the  com- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  959 


mon  schools  and  at  Sewiekley  Academy.  In  1875  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in  March,  1879. 
He  practiced  at  Holton,  Jackson  county,  Kansas,  for  a  year  and  a  half,  and  in  De- 
cemher,  1880,  located  at  Sabinsville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has 
since  been  engaged  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession.  JDr.  Bair  has  been  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Sarah  J.  Steele,  of  Westmoi-eland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
His  present  wife  was  Ellen  Eexford,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Betsey  (Fish)  Eex- 
f ord,  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county.  She  is  the  mother  of  one  son,  E.  Eexford. 
In  politics.  Dr.  Bair  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477, 
F.  &  A.  M.;  also  of  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  and  the  Empire  State  Degree  of  Honor.  He 
is  medical  examiner  for  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  and  the  L.  0.  T.  M.;  also  for  the  New  York 
Mutual  Life,  New  York  Life,  Aetna,  Penn  Mutual,  New  England  Mutual  and  other 
insurance  companies. 

Feank  L.  Seaes  was  bom  in  Groton,  New  York,  August  4, 1840,  a  son  of  Frank 
and  Caroline  (Eowland)  Sears.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  since  sixteen  years  of  age  he  has  been  dependent  upon 
his  own  energies  and  resources.  In  1861  he  came  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  where 
for  two  years  he  was  employed  in  a  foundry.  He  then  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the 
same,  and  for  four  years  carried  on  the  business,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Sears  & 
Blather.  Eetuming  to  Groton,  New  York,  he  purchased  a  farm,  lived  there  five 
years,  and  later  spent  one  year  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county.  In  1880  he  located  at 
Sabinsville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  been  successfully  engaged  in  general 
merchandising.  Mr.  Sears  was  married  September  15, 1869,  to  Josephine,  a  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Doumaux)  Eiberolle,  both  natives  of  France.  Her  father 
settled  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  in  1848,  and  died  there  in  August,  1893.  He 
carried  on  a  tannery  in  Wellsboro  for  thirty  years,  and  is  one  of  its  well-remembered 
citizens.  Mr.  Eiberolle  was  married  three  times.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Nancy 
Taylor,  nee  Brickley,  and  his  third  wife,  Betsey  Titus,  who  died  in  Wellsboro,  No- 
vember 9, 1896.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sears  are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Walter  J.  and 
Eddie  E.,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  They  are  members  of  the  K.  of  H.,  and  in  politics, 
he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Edwin  B.  Schott  was  bom  in  Waterloo,  Seneca  county.  New  York,  April  9, 
1838,  a  son  of  Frederick  and  Miranda  (Bellis)  Schott,  and  is  of  German  and  Scotch 
descent.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  town,  and  educated  in  the  Union  schools.  In 
1858  he  went  to  California,  where  he  spent  twelve  years  in  mining  and  ranching. 
In  1870  he  returned  to  Waterloo,  New  York,  where  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness. In  1876  he  came  to  Tioga  coxiatj,  Pennsylvania,  remained  in  Elkland  six 
months,  and  then  removed  to  Westfield,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  cigars  and  other  pursuits  until  1884.  In  that  year  he  located  at  Sabinsville, 
purchasing  the  Samuel  Goodell  mill  property,  which  he  has  since  operated  as  a  saw 
and  feed-mill,  and  also  carried  on  a  cheese  factory,  with  a  capacity  for  using  the 
product  of  600  cows.  Since  coming  into  the  possession  of  this  property,  Mr.  Schott 
has  practically  rebuilt  and  remodeled  the  mill,  and  is  doing  a  good  business.  He  was 
married  July  16, 1884,  to  Flora  0.  Gill,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Eliza  (Winchester) 
Grill,  of  Westfield.    They  have  four  children,  viz:  Miranda,  Frederick,  Walter  and 


960  HISTORY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Ellen.    Mr.  Schott  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  P.  of  H.;  and  is  a  stanch 
adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Elihu  H.  Fatjlknee  was  bom  ia  Orange  county,  New  York,  January- 15, 1814, 
and  was  a  son  of  John  Faulkner,  his  mother's  maiden  name  being  Horton.  About 
1845  he  located  on  Pine  creek,  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  lumbering  some  twelve  years.  He  then  commenced  farm- 
ing in  the  same  township,  and  cleared  and  improved  the  farm  now  the  home  of  his 
widow,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  July  33,  1885.  His  wife,  Anna  A.,  was  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Alberta)  Benn,  of  Gaines  township.  Her 
father  was  the  first  settler  of  Gaines  village,  cleared  the  land  whereon  it  stands,  and 
resided  in  the  township  until  his  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Faulkner  were  the  parents 
of  five  children,  viz:  John  W.,  Leonard  S.,  Lemuel  M.,  Amanda  E.,  wife  of  Edgar 
Hurlbut,  and  Pasco  N. 

Lemuel  M.  Paulknek  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in   Gaines  township, 
Tioga  county,  August  18,  1861,  and  is  a  son  of  Elihu  H.  Faulkner.    He  was  reared 
upon  the  farm,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  district.    On  attaining  man- 
hood he  engaged  in  fanning  in  Clymer  township,  on  a  farm  adjoining  his  father's 
place,  which  he  still  owns.    In  1891  he  removed  to  his  present  home,  upon  which 
he  has  since  resided.    Besides  farming,  Mr.  Faulkner  has  been  more  or  less  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business.    He  married  Ida  Briggs,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  W.  and  Eliza 
(Baker)  Briggs,  of  Clymer  township,  December  25,  1884,  and  has  two  children: 
Lottie  A.  and  Duleie  D.    Mr.  FaxUkner  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  is  connected  with 
the  P.  of  H.,  and  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  enterprising  farmers  of  his  township. 
Andkew  Bbimegin  was  bom  in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  November  30,  1844,  a 
son  of  John  and  Ellen  (Halland)  Brimegin,  natives  of  the  same  place.    His  parents 
had  two  children,  Patrick  and  Andrew.    The  father  died  in  Ireland,  and  the  family 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1846  and  settled  in  Steuben  county.  New  York. 
Here  the  children  grew  to  maturity  and  obtained  a  common  school  education. 
Patrick  is  now  a  Jeweler  in  the  city  of  New  York.    Andrew  turned  his  attention  to 
farming  and  lumbering.    On  July  33,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Sixty-first  New  York  Volunteers,  and  served  through  the  war.    He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Port  Hudson,  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  Pleasant  Hill  and  the 
Siege  of  Fort  Morgan,  and  later  was  on  guard  duty  over  the  assassins  of  Lincoln. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Morgan  by  a  bullet  through  the  left  wrist, 
and  was  captured  at  Sabin  Pass  and  served  in  rebel  prisons  at  the  mouth  of  Eed 
river  from  September  8,  1863,  to  July  33,  1864.    After  the  war  he  returned  home, 
where  he  devoted  himself  to  farming.    In  1866  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  and  afterwards  in  agricultural  pursuits.    He 
now  resides  in  Clymer  township,  where  he  has  two  farms,  one  of  fifty  and  another 
of  forty  acres.    Mr.  Brimegin  has  been  twice  married.    His  first  wife  was  Emma 
Swope,  a  native  of  Tioga  county,  and  a  daughter  of  Abiather  Swope,  of  Shippen 
township,  to  which  union  were  born  two  children:   Frank  E.  and  Nellie  E.    His 
second  wife  was  Mrs.  Eulalia  Metcalf,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Lane,  of  Brookfield 
township.    Two  children  are  the  fruits  of  this  union:  Lloyd  E.  and  Nettie.     In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Brimegin  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  nearly  every  office  in  Elk,  Shippen 
and  Gaines  townships,  among  them  that  of  supervisor  for  ten  years.    In  1894  he 


IKerna^.VV 


tiyt^^/^^y 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  961 

was  elected  a  jury  commissioner,  in  which  office  he  is  still  serving.  He  is  a  member 
of  E.  C.  Bahcock  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  veterans  of  the  war. 

GAINES   AND   ELK   TOWNSHIPS. 

Maktin  W.  Ftjeman  was  bom  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
August  30, 1829,  a  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Waldorff)  Furman.  His  father  came 
from  Sunbury,  Northumberland  county,  to  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  about 
1806,  and  settled  on  the  south  bank  of  Pine  creek,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  the  site 
of  Gaines.  He  had  been  in  this  county  several  times  prior  to  his  final  settlement; 
was  a  noted  hunter  and  was  employed  with  the  surveyors  of  the  Bingham  estate. 
He  was  the  father  of  ten  children,  and  died  in  1861.  His  widow  survived  him  about 
two  years.  Martin  W.  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  was  trained  to  habits 
of  frugality  and  industry.  In  March,  1849,  he  married  Eunice  J.  Dartt,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  Dartt,  of  Delmar  township.  The  following  children  were 
bom  to  this  union,  all  of  whom  arrived  at  maturity  before  they  died:  Evelina,  who 
married  Daniel  Furman,  of  Delmar;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Fred.  Nobles,  of  the  same 
township;  Delphine,  who  married  John  Ackley,  of  Sabinsville;  George  Hurlburt, 
who  married  Julia  Weeks;  Manning,  who  mairied  Hattie  Dunbar,  of  Brookland, 
Potter  county;  Cyrus,  of  Cross  Forks,  Potter  county;  Julius,  of  Gaines  township; 
Daniel,  who  lives  in  Corry,  Erie  county;  Aurilla,  wife  of  Charles  McCoy,  of  Corry; 
Annie  N.,  wife  of  W.  Nathan  Ladd,  of  Gaines  township;  John  Norton,  of  Brook- 
land,  Potter  county,  and  Julia,  wife  of  John  Behrman,  of  Gaines  township.  About 
1849  Mr.  Furman  bought  a  farm  in  Delmar,  on  which  he  lived  up  to  1861.  He  then 
sold  it  and  returned  to  the  old  homestead  to  care  for  his  parents  in  their  declining 
years.  After  their  death  he  took  charge  of  the  farm  and  cultivated  it  up  to  1893, 
when  he  sold  it  and  purchased  his  present  homestead.  Though  farming  has  been 
his  principal  occupation,  he  has  devoted  considerable  attention  to  lumber  jobbing, 
in  which  he  has  been  fairly  successful.  Mrs.  Furman  died  in  1877,  and  about  three 
years  after  her  death,  he  married  for  his  second  wife,  Viancy  Hacket,  of  Sabinsville. 
She  became  the  mother  of  two  children  who  died  in  infancy.  She  died  and  June 
30,  1891,  he  married  Sarah  J.  Strait,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Mabel  (Omes) 
Strait,  of  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Joshua  Bebnatjee  was  born  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
June  12, 1827,  a  son  of  Conrad  and  Maria  (Zuber)  Bernauer.  His  father  emigrated 
from  Germany  to  Philadelphia  in  1814,  where  he  met  and  married  Maria  Zuber. 
They  lived  in  that  section  of  Pennsylvania  up  to  1817,  in  which  year  they  came  to 
Tioga  county  and  bought  175  acres  of  land  in  what  is  now  Gaines  township.  Here 
his  wife  died,  and  he  married  Sarah  Smith,  who  died  on  October  16,  1865.  He 
cleared  and  improved  his  farm,  and  resided  upon  it  until  his  death,  August  1,  1870, 
in  his  eighty-first  year.  Joshua  was  reared  upon  the  homestead,  and  attended  the 
common  schools  of  his  district  in  boyhood.  On  attaining  his  majority  he  learned 
the  cabinet-maker's  trade,  and  subsequently  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  has 
followed  more  or  less  up  to  the  present.  September  16,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Battery 
D,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  and  a  month  later  joined  his  regiment  at 
61 


962  niPTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Cedar  Creek,  taking  part  in  that  battle.  He  was  soon  after  sent  to  the  general  hos- 
pital, Philadelphia,  and  was  finally  discharged  June  8,  1865.  Mr.  Bemauer  haa 
been  twice  married.  His  first  marriage  occurred  June  8,  1854,  to  Irene  A.  Smith, 
a  daughter  of  David  and  Lomanda  Smith,  of  Gaines  township,  who  bore  him  two 
children,  viz:  Anna  Maria,  deceased,  and  Ellen  Irene,  wife  of  C.  C.  Flynn,  of  West 
Pike,  Potter  county.  Mrs.  Bemauer  died  June  17,  1856.  He  was  again  married 
February  28,  1857,  to  Lucy  E.  Beach,  a  daughter  of  Johial  and  Sally  Beach,  of  Elk 
township.  Pout  children  were  born  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Sally  Bethana,  who 
died  May  4, 1858;  Mary  Emeline,  who  died  April  30, 1864;  Morris  John,  of  Gaines, 
and  Herbert,  at  home.  Politically,  Mr.  Bemauer  is  a  EepubUean,  and  has  filled 
several  of  the  of&ces  in  his  township.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Free  Baptist  church, 
and  fills  the  office  of  deacon  in  that  body.  He  is  also  a  charter  member  of  Marsh- 
field  Grange,  No.  1113,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  chaplain  in  the  I.  0.  G.  T. 

Alexandeh  Mattison,  originally  spelled  "Matteson,"  was  born  in  Herkimer 
county,  'N&w  York,  in  1810,  and  came  with  his  parents,  Alexander  and  Lydia 
(Cleveland)  Matteson,  natives  of  Ehode  Island,  to  the  site  of  Knoxville,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1811.  His  father's  brothers,  Jonathan  and  Solomon,  also 
natives  of  Ehode  Island,  and  their  parents,  came  at  the  same  time,  from  Herkimer 
county,  New  York,  and  all  settled  on  the  Cowanesque  river,  where  Knoxville  now 
stands.  In  1815  Alexander  and  Jonathaja  Matteson,  and  Joshua  Colvin,  erected 
a  saw-mill  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Cowanesque,  Alexander's  wife  sawing  the  first 
board.  In  1817  Jonathan  built  a  grist-mill  on  the  north  bank  of  the  river,  opposite 
the  saw-mill,  in  connection  with  which  was  also  a  fulling-mill.  The  Mattesons  were 
interested  in  the  erection  of  a  log  distillery  about  the  same  period,  which  stood  in 
the  north  part  of  the  village.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  at  Knoxville, 
whence  he  removed  to  Westfield,  and  about  1840  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in 
Gaines  township,  containing  a  saw  and  grist-mill,  where  he  later  erected  a  hotel. 
Lumbering  was  his  principal  occupation  the  greater  portion  of  his  life,  and  he  was 
a  man  of  considerable  enterprise  and  public  spirit.  He  married  Clara  Potter,  who 
bore  him  a  family  of  twelve  children.  Mr.  Mattison  was  one  of  the  best  known  citi- 
zens in  Gaines  township,  and  died  at  his  home  in  March,  1876. 

Silas  B.  Mattison  was  bom  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  April  36, 
1835,  a  son  of  Alexander  and  Clara  Mattison.  When  he  was  five  years  old  his  parents 
removed  to  Gaines  township,  where  he  assisted  his  father  in  lumbering  and  farming. 
At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Eebellion,  Silas  B.  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Fifty-seventh 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  all  of  the  battles  in  which  his  regiment 
was  engaged  up  to  Chancellorsville,  May  3,  1863,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner.  He 
was  paroled  three  weeks  later  at  Eichmond,  Virginia,  was  sent  to  Annapolis,  Mary- 
land, and  was  soon  after  discharged  from  the  service.  Eetuming  home  he  purchased 
a  farm  near  Gaines,  which  he  later  sold  and  then  bought  his  present  home  near 
Marshfield,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  In  April,  1865,  Mr.  Mattison  married 
Miss  Lucy  Coon,  a  daughter  of  Lyman  and  Lucy  Coon.  Seven  children  have  been 
bom  to  this  marriage,  as  follows:  Horatio,  Grant,  Howard,  Andrew,  Belle,  Silas  and 
Clara  E.,  the  last  being  dead.  Mr.  Mattison  is  a  charter  member  of  Marshfield 
Grange,  'So.  1113,  P.  of  H.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

John  H.  Baknhaet  was  bom  in  Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  Octo- 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  963 


ber  17,  1817,  a  son  of  Adam  and  Eachd  (AnderBon)  Barnhart,  originally  from 
Union  county.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which 
was  his  principal  occupation  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  In  1843  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Gaines  township,  immediately  west 
of  the  present  Barnhart  homestead,  on  which  he  located  a  few  years  later.  At  that 
time  Gaines  was  a  comparative  wilderness,  with  very  few  settlers  and  little  or  no 
improvements.  Mr.  Barnhart  assisted  in  building  the  first  saw-mill  on  Elk  run,  as 
well  as  the  first  house  erected  in  that  locality,  that  of  David  Smith,  which  is  still 
standing.  By  industry  and  economy  he  managed  to  clear  and  improve  hit,  farm,  on 
which  he  resided  up  to  his  death.  May  18, 1894,  being  then  one  of  the  oldest  citizens 
in  the  township.  On  February  18,  1843,  Mr.  Barnhart  married  Sarah  Harrison,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Eachel  (Freese)  Harrison,  who  became  the  mother  of  ten 
children,  viz:  Ann  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Justus  D.  Strait,  of  Gaines;  Darwin,  of  the 
same  township;  John  M.,  Eachel  0.,  deceased;  Amanda,  wife  of  Oscar  Macumber, 
of  Wisconsin;  JuHa,  deceased;  Idessa  M.,  wife  of  N.  L.  Hanscom,  of  Marshfield; 
Justus  W.,  deceased;  Otis,  and  Ambrose  B.,  the  last  two  of  whom  reside  with  their 
mother  on  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Barnhart  took  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of 
his  township,  and  served  as  collector  and  treasurer.  He  was  a  kind  husband  and 
father,  a  good  citizen,  and  an  honest,  worthy  man. 

David  Smith,  a  son  of  David  Smith,  Sr.,  was  a  native  of  New  Haven  county, 
Connecticut,  and  came  from  Chenango  county.  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  the  fall  of  1833.  Thirteen  years  later  he  and  his  son,  Octaviiis  A.,  came 
to  the  place  now  called  Marshfield,  Gaines  township,  cleared  a  piece  of  land,  and 
made  other  preparations  for  building  a  home.  In  February  following  he  came  again 
and  built  a  log  house,  which  he  occupied  the  following  spring.  This  was  the  first 
permanent  settlement  made  on  Elk  run,  though  there  was  at  the  time  a  saw-mill  in 
operation  about  a  mile  from  the  mouth  of  that  stream,  of  which  John  L.  Phoenix,  Sr., 
was  proprietor.  Mr.  Smith  lived  on  this  farm  up  to  the  fall  of  1869,  when  his  feeble 
health  compelled  him  to  take  up  his  residence  with  his  son,  Octavius  A ,  at  whose 
home  he  died  March  15,  1870,  aged  eighty-eight  years.  His  widow,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Lomanda  Wright,  survived  until  April  30,  1875.  They  were  the  parents 
of  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 

Octavius  A.  Smith,  son  of  David  and  Lomanda  Smith,  was  bom  in  Chenango 
county,  New  York,  May  5,  1833,  and  was  only  a  few  months  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  receiving  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  Wellsboro  Academy.  About  1854  he  located  on  a  tract  of  timber 
land  near  the  site  of  what  is  now  Marshfield,  in  Gaines  township,  and  commenced 
clearing  and  improving  it,  teaching  school  during  the  winter  seasons.  He  has  con- 
tinued in  agricultural  pursuits  on  this  farm  up  to  the  present,  which  he  cleared 
principally  by  his  own  individual  efforts,  and  now  in  his  riper  yeaxs  is  enjoying  the 
fruits  of  a  life  of  honest,  persistent  labor.  Mr.  Smith  was  married  May  36,  1863,  to 
Hannah  Kleinhans,  a  daughter  of  Carl  and  Wilhelmina  (Hoeppe)  Kleinhans,  who 
has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Marshall  M.,  a  merchant  of  Gaines,  and  WiUiel- 
mina,  wife  of  Prof.  W.  0.  Eobinson,  supervisory  principal  of  of  the  Athens  High 
schools,  Athens,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Smith  has  been  township  auditor  for  thirty 
years,  has  filled  the  office  of  county  commissioner  one  term,  and  that  of  county 


964  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

auditor  for  three  years,  and  has  also  served  the  people  in  other  capacities.  In  poh- 
tics,  he  is  an  ardent  Eepublican.  Mr.  Smith  possesses  considerable  poetic  and  literary 
ability,  and  is  the  author  of  quite  a  number  of  worthy  productions  that  have  been 
extensively  copied  in  the  public  press,  some  of  which  have  been  copyrighted. 

Marshall  M.  Smith,  son  of  Octavius  A.  Smith,  and  grandson  of  David  Smith, 
was  born  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  March  7,  1864.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  Wellsboro  High  school,  and  is  also  a  graduate  of  Mansfield 
Business  College.  He  taught  in  the  winter  and  worked  on  the  farm  at  home  during 
the  summer  seasons  for  several  years,  and  was  also  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store 
at  Leetonia  and  in  the  Galeton  tannery  store.  In  1889  he  came  to  Gaines,  Tioga 
county,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  William  H.  Vermilyea,  in  the  mercantile 
business.  Three  years  later  he  purchased  the  interest  of  his  partner  and  continued 
the  business  alone.  He  has  since  purchased  the  store  building  and  residence,  has 
remodeled  the  same,  and  has  enjoyed  a  lucrative  trade.  On  December  4,  1889,  he 
married  Nellie  E.  Watrous,  a  daughter  of  William  H.  and  Emma  (Williams)  Watrous, 
of  Gaines  township,  who'  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Sadie  M.  and  Carl  W. 
Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Gaines,  and  of  Gaines 
Encampment,  and  has  passed  the  chairs  in  both  lodges.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
Ossea  Lodge,  No.  317,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  Wellsboro. 

Charles  B.  Watrous  was  born  at  Colesville,  Broome  county.  New  York,  Oc- 
tober 13,  1835,  a  son  of  William  and  Eliza  H.  (Smith)  Watrous.  His  father,  a  son 
of  James  S.  Watrous,  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  December  39,  1798,  and  removed  to 
Broome  county.  New  York,  whence  he  came  to  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  spring  of  1847,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  March  19, 
1883.  Charles  B.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  was  twelve  years  old 
when  the  family  came  to  Gaines  township.  Here  his  father  engaged  quite  exten- 
sively in  lumber  operations,  and  subsequently  cleared  and  improved  a  farm  one 
mile  south  of  the  mouth  of  Elk  run.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  always  been 
connected  with  the  lumber  business,  principally  in  Tioga  county,  though  he  also 
spent  some  time  in  Michigan.  In  February,  1861,  he  married  Harriet  M.  Hurd,  a 
daughter  of  Stephen  Hurd,  of  Caton,  New  York.  Two  children  were  bom  to  this 
union,  viz:  William,  deceased,  and  Eobert  S.,  of  Watrous,  Gaines  township.  Mr. 
Watrous  married  for  his  second  wife,  Isabella  Brewster,  a  daughter  of  Luther  H. 
and  Olive  (Palmer)  Brewster,  of  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county.  Two  chil- 
dren are  the  fruits  of  this  union,  as  follows:  Mary  B.,  wife  of  Eobert  Tuton,  of 
New  York  City,  and  William  H.,  a  resident  of  Minnesota.  Politically,  Mr.  Watrous 
is  a  Eepublican.  He  is  still  one  of  the  active  business  men  of  Gaines,  and  devotes 
his  attention  to  lumbering. 

Ethan  Strait,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Sally  (Crowl)  Strait,  was  bom  in  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  July  13,  1816.  He  was  married  September  20,  1838,  to  Julania 
Wright,  a  daughter  of  Justus  and  Anne  Wright,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Justus  D., 
a  resident  of  Gaines  township.  Mr.  Strait  learned  the  wagonmaker's  trade  in  early 
life,  and  followed  it  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1847  he  located  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  whence  he  removed  to  Lawrenceville.  In  March,  1850,  he  settled  in  Gaines 
township,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  son,  Justus  D.     During  the  old  training 


BIOGBAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  955 


days,  lie  took  an  active  part  in  militai-y  affairs  and  served  as  a  captain  in  the  militia. 
He  died  March  12,  1876,  aged  sixty  years. 

Justus  D.  Stkait,  only  child  of  Ethan  and  Julania  Strait,  was  bom  in  Steuhen 
county.  New  York,  June  23,  1839.  When  he  was  eight  years  old  his  parents  came 
to  Tioga  county,  and  in  March,  1850,  settled  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
Mr.  Strait  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Wellsboro  Academy,  and  has 
devoted  his  principal  attention  to  agriculture.  He  has  been  a  successful  farmer 
and  dairyman,  and  was  a  merchant  in  Gaines  for  a  few  years.  He  is  the  owner  of 
a  fine  herd  of  thoroughbred  Jersey  cows,  and  his  dairy  is  supplied  with  the  most 
improved  appliances.  September  31, 1861,  Mr.  Strait  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Forty- 
fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  re-enlisted  in  the  field,  December  31,  1863.  He 
participated  with  his  regiment  in  over  thirty  engagements,  besides  a  number  of 
sMrmishes.  On  September  30,  1864,  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Poplar 
Grove  Church,  and  was  confined  in  prisons  at  Petersburg  and  Eichmond,  Virginia, 
and  Salisbury,  North  Carolina,  and  was  exchanged  February  23,  1865.  After  a 
short  furlough  he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  and  was  discharged 
at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  18, 1865.  While  in  the  service  he  was  promoted 
to  corporal  and  sergeant,  successively.  April  5,  1865,  Mr.  Strait  was  married  to 
Annie  E.  Bamhart,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  and  Sarah  (Harrison)  Barnliart,  of 
Gaines  township.  Nine  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  .ns  follows: 
Getta  0.,  wife  of  Harvey  Gardner,  of  Gaines;  Ida  H.,  John  E.,  Norman  I.,  Julia, 
Daxwin  C,  Eugene  J.,  deceased;  Sarah  A.,  and  Carl  C.  In  politics,  Mr.  Strait  is  a 
Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  school  director  and  auditor  of  his  township  three 
terms  each.  He  is  a  member  of  Ackley  Post,  No.  469,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Sabinsville,  and 
a  charter  member  of  the  Association  of  Ex-Prisoners  of  War,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is 
also  connected  with  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Gaines;  Marsh- 
field  Lodge,  No.  130, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  and  Forest  Grove  Lodge,  A.  P.  A.,  of  Forest  Grove, 
Oregon.    In  religion,  Mr.  Strait  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

David  Ebxfokd  was  bom  in  Cincinnatus,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  July  10, 
1820,  a  son  of  William  and  Nancy  (Blanchard)  Eexford.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  county,  and  in  1839  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in 
lumbering  in  Shippen  township,  which  he  followed  there  about  sixteen  years.  In 
1855  he  purchased  900  acres  of  timber  land  in  Gaines  township,  located  upon  it, 
and  continued  in  his  lumber  operations  up  to  1890,  when  he  sold  his  mill  and  retired 
from  active  business.  Mr.  Eexford  was  married  August  27,  1843,  to  Catherine  A. 
Purman,  a  daughter  of  Josiah  and  Samantha  (Grey)  Furman,  of  Gaines  township. 
Ten  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Delos  D.  and  Jesse  J.,  both  resi- 
dents of  Gaines  township;  Henrietta,  deceased;  William  L.,  who  lives  at  home; 
Ahce  L.,  deceased;  Catherine  A.,  wife  of  E.  C.  Kelts,  of  Sheffield,  Pennsylvania; 
Delia,  wife  of  William  Larrison,  of  Gaines  township;  Charles  L.,  at  home;  Oscar, 
and  Ida  May,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Eexford  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  has  held  every 
township  ofiSce  except  justice  of  the  peace,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Tyadaghton 
Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Gaines. 

Delos  D.  Eexfokd,  eldest  child  of  David  and  Catherine  A.  Eexford,  was  bom 
m  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  November  9,  1844,  and  was  about  eleven  years 
old  when  the  family  removed  to  Gaines  township.     He  was  educated  in  the  com- 


966  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

men  schools  and  Union  Academy,  and  was  connected  with  his  father  in  the  himber 
business  from  boyhood,  though  he  also  devoted  considerable  attention  to  fanning. 
On  March  23,  1868,  he  married  Emma  S.  Seagers,  a  daughter  of  Henry  J.  and 
Altaira  (Eixford)  Seagers,  of  Westfield,  who  has  borne  him  six  children,  as  fol- 
lows: May  H.,  wife  of  Eupert  K.  Jones,  of  Gaines;  Satie  B.,  who  died  at  the  age 
of  three  years;  Blanche  L.,  Leon  J.,  Ina  A.  and  Kittie  A.  In  politics,  a  Democrat, 
Mr.  Eexford  has  been  constable  and  (|ollector  of  Gaines  township  for  seven  con- 
secutive years,  supervisor  several  terms,  and  is  now  filling  the  office  of  school  direc- 
tor.   He  is  one  of  the  energetic  and  enterprising  fanners  of  his  township. 

William  H.  Veemilyea  was  bom  near  Addison,  New  York,  July  18,  1847, 
a  son  of  Horace  C.  and  Ursula  A.  (Green)  Vermilyea.  His  parents  came  to  the 
Cowanesque  valley  when  William  H.  was  but  seven  years  old.  His  father  owned 
and  conducted  a  tavern  at  Academy  Corners  and  later  cai'ried  on  a  hotel  at  Gaines, 
where  he  also  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  for  eighteen  years.  He  died  June  4, 
1878.  His  wife  died  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  November  34,  1895.  They  were  the 
parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Alwilda,  wife  of  C.  H.  Eexford;  Albina,  widow  of 
the  late  Dr.  F.  D.  Eitter;  Adelbert  E.,  and  William  H.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
graduated  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield,  in  1869.  After  completing  his 
education  he  was  induced  to  study  chemistry  and  medicine  at  Athens,  Pennsyl- 
vania, with  his  brother-in-law.  Dr.  Eitter,  and  from  1873  to  1877  he  was  a  drug- 
gist in  Westfield,  Tioga  county.  He  then  accepted  a  position  as  traveling  salesman 
for  the  Bradley  &  Hubbard  Manufacturing  Company,  of  New  York,  and  for  ten 
years  was  in  the  employ  of  that  firm  selling  gas  and  coal  oil  fixtures.  In  the  mean- 
time he  had  purchased  the  hotel  at  Gaines  from  his  father,  and  after  leaving  the 
road  he  carried  on  the  business  up  to  his  death,  by  accident,  July  7,  1894.  The 
old  hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  with  characteristic  energy  and  enterprise  he  at 
once  erected  the  present  commodious  structure  now  occupying  the  site  and  known 
as  Hotel  Vermilyea.  Mr.  Vermilyea  was  married  August  3,  1873,  to  Miss  AUce 
r.  Closson,  a  daughter  of  David  B.  and  Julia  A.  (Stryker)  Closson,  and  a  grand- 
daughter of  John  and  Eliza  (Beach)  Closson.  Her  father  was  bom  in  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Massachusetts,  May  7,  1813,  and  her  mother  in  Morris  county.  New  Jersey, 
April  19,  1820.  They  reside  with  her  in  Westfield,  to  which  place  she  removed  in 
189.5.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vermilyea  were  the  parents  of  two  children,  viz:  Inez  M., 
wife  of  W.  W.  Marsh,  and  Horace  C.  The  latter  died  November  30,  1893,  aged 
eight  years.  In  politics,  Mr.  Vermilyea  was  an  ardent  Eepublican,  was  postmaster 
at  Gaines  under  Harrison's  administration,  and  served  as  chairman  of  one  of  the 
county  conventions.  He  was  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  was 
a  Knight  Templar  in  the  Masonic  order.  He  was  a  man  of  commendable  enter- 
prise and  public  spirit  and  his  death  was  a  great  loss  to  the  business  interests  of  the 
community  in  which  he  lived. 

Heney  S.  Cowbuen  was  born  in  Dewsberry,  Yorkshire,  England,  February 
3,  1830,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Ann  (Snowden)  Cowburn.  He  was  reared  ia 
his  native  land,  and  attended  the  public  schools  of  Dewsberry.  His  father  was 
postmaster  at  Mirfield,  England,  for  more  than  forty  years,  and  died  there  April 
30,  1871,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year.  His  mother  died  Febraary  11,  1869,  aged  sixty- 
four  years.     Henry  S.  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  in  England,  and  came  to  the 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  967 


United  States  when  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  found  employmeait  with  Silas  X. 
BiUings,  of  Gaines  township,  Tioga  county,  for  whom  he  worked  a  number  of  years. 
He  was  married  to  Mercy  Mattison,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Hannah  (Brown) 
Mattison,  of  Clymer  township,  July  ^8,  1853.  Six  children  were  bom  to  this 
union,  as  follows:  Joseph  E.,  of  Gaines  township;  William  B.,  of  Ulysses  town- 
ship. Potter  county;  Charles  S.,  of  Perryville,  Potter  county;  James  H.,  of  Gaines 
township;  Mary  Hannah,  and  Jane  Elizabeth,  the  last  two  of  whom  are  dead. 
Mrs.  Cowbum  died  July  5, 1893.  In  1871  Mr.  Cowbum  purchased  a  farm  on  Lick 
run,  in  Gaines  township,  upon  which  he  has  since  lived.  He  has  cleared  and  im- 
proved the  land,  and  erected  thereon  substantial  buildings.  In  religion,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  Brookland,  Potter  county.  Politi- 
cally, a  Democrat,  he  has  served  as  school  director  in  Gaines  township,  and  has 
always  taken  an  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  his  adopted  home. 

Charles  E.  Dimmick,  a  son  of  George  "W.  and  Caroline  M.  (Hotchkiss)  Dim- 
miek,  was  born  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  4,  1856. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town- 
ship. He  worked  at  lumbering  until  he  came  to  what  is  now  Watrous,  Gaines 
township,  where  he  purchased  the  Conrad  Bemauer  farm  at  the  mouth  of  Elk  run, 
on  which  he  has  since  resided.  In  connection  with  his  farm,  Mr.  Dimmick  has 
also  continued  lumber  jobbing.  He  maxried  Esther  S.  Putman,  a  daughter  of 
Wilham  and  Harriet  (Campbell)  Putman,  of  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county,  June 
6, 1885,  and  has  two  children,  Bruce  H.  and  Verl  E.  The  new  and  rapidly  growing 
village  of  Watrous  is  built  entirely  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Dimmick.  The  first  building 
was  commenced  in  December,  1894,  and  it  is  now  a  thriving  hamlet  of  between  thirty 
and  forty  buildings,  with  two  stores  and  a  very  commodious  school  house,  built  by 
himself.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Buffalo  and  Susquehanna,  and  the  Addison  and 
Pennsylvania  railroads.  Here  is  also  located  the  Maple,  Beech  and  Birch  Flooring 
Company's  plant,  which  cost  $30,000,  and  was  incorporated  in  July,  1894.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Dimmick  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor  and 
school  director.  He  has  been  a  member  of  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  ISTo.  981, 1.  0.  0.  F., 
of  Gaines,  since  1884,  and  is  also  a  charter  member  of  Gaines  Encampment,  Ko. 
314,  and  of  Marshfield  Grange.  Mr.  Dimmick  is  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of 
his  native  county. 

Daniel  W.  Etjggles  was  bom  in  Chemung  county.  New  York,  March  10, 
1833,  a  son  of  Homer  and  Mercy  S.  (Morse)  Euggles.  His  father  was  bom  in  1793, 
married  Mercy  S.  Morse,  and  became  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Elk  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania.  While  a  resident  of  New  York  state,  Homer  Euggles  served 
in  the  War  of  1813.  His  wife's  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolution.  He 
resided  in  Elk  township  from  1854  until  his  death,  in  1865,  aged  seventy-two  years. 
Daniel  W.  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  in  Elk  township,  and  assisted  his  father 
on  the  farm  up  to  1856,  in  which  year  he  purchased  land  in  the  same  township  and 
devoted  his  attention  to  clearing  and  improving  it.  In  February,  1858,  he  mar- 
ried Eosette  E.  Kelley,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Sophronia  (Butler)  Kelley,  of 
Charleston  township,  Tioga  county.  The  following  children  were  born  to  this 
union:  Arthur  A.,  of  Westfield  township;  Eva  M.,  wife  of  Jesse  Beach,  of 
Wellsboro;  James  H.,  who  carries  on  the  harness  business  at  Gaines;  Mabel,  wife 


968  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  Thomas  A.  Sweet,  of  Middlebury,  and  Martha  V.,  wife  of  A.  W.  Stickley,  of 
Tiadaghton.  Mrs.  Ruggles  died  ia  August,  1875,  and  January  2,  1877,  he  married 
Zelia  0.  Colgrove,  a  daughter  of  H.  L.  and  Eliza  (Bundle)  Colgrove,  of  Elk  town- 
ship. Seven  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Charles  D.,  Joseph 
H.,  Emma  E.,  Bessie  L.,  Eben  E.,  Hazel  E.  and  Lena  A.,  the  last  deceased.  In 
February,  1864,  Mr.  Euggles  enlisted  at  Wellsboro,  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred 
and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  his  company  being  in  command  of 
Capt.  George  W.  Merrick.  They  proceeded  to  Harrisburg,  spent  three  weeks  at 
Camp  Curtin,  then  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
at  Cold  Harbor,  Virginia.     Mr.  Euggles  served  with  his  regiment  up  to  November, 

1864,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Philadelphia  to  recruit  and  do  guard  duty.    In  June, 

1865,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Harrisburg,  and  was  on  guard  duty  at  that  place 
until  mustered  out  of  the  service  in  August  following.  Eetiirning  home  Mr.  Rug- 
gles engaged  in  farming  in  Charleston  township,  but  a  few  years  later  embarked 
in  carpentering  and  wagon-making  at  Wellsboro.  In  1875,  on  the  death  of  his 
first  wife,  he  entered  the  employ  of  C.  B.  Watrous,  of  Gaines  township,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  followed  farming  in  connection  with  operating  a  wagon  shop  at 
Gaines.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  served  as  constable  about  six  years  in 
Elk  township,  and  as  many  in  Gaines  township.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  also  of  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Gaines,  and 
Babcock  Post,  No.  258,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Westfield. 

Charles  H.  Huhlbdrt,  a  son  of  Alexander  and  Hannah  (Sogers)  Hurlburt, 
of  Troupsburg  township,  Steuben  county.  New  York, .  was  bom  in  Troups- 
burg,  December  9,  1854.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  was 
reared  on  a  farm.  Before  attaining  his  majority  he  came  to  Westfield,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  found  employment  as  a  farm  hand  for  one  year,  and  later  entered 
the  employ  of  Cook  &  Billings,  as  a  teamster  at  their  tannery  on  Pine  creek. 
About  1877  he  bought  a  farm  on  Lick  run,  in  Gaines  township,  but  soon  disposed 
of  it  and  located  in  the  village  of  Gaines.  In  1882  he  again  purchased  property 
on  Lick  run,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Hurlburt  is  also  engaged  in  lumbering 
in  that  locality.  On  January  1,  1875,  he  married  Lydia  Matteson,  a  daughter  of 
Harris  and  Emehne  (Brace)  Matteson,  of  Westfield  township.  Nine  children  have 
been  born  to  this  marriage,  named  as  follows:  William  H.,  deceased;  George,  Ina, 
Addie  May,  Walter,  Hannah  E.,  Nancy  J.,  Winfred  C.  and  Bessie  E.  Mr.  Hurlburt 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Democrat. 

William  Nathan  Ladd,  a  son  of  Hannibal  and  Mary  E.  (Griffin)  Ladd,  was 
bom  in  McKean  coimty,  Pennsylvania,  near  Port  Allegheny,  November  13,  1857. 
Two  or  three  years  later  his  parents  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Potter  Brook,  in 
Westfield  township,  Tioga  county.  Soon  afterwards  William  Nathan  took  up  his 
home  with  his  paternal  grandfather,  William  Ladd,  in  Westfield  township,  with 
whom  he  lived  until  1866,  when  he  returned  to  the  father's  home  in  the  same 
township.  At  an  early  age  he  went  into  the  lumber  woods,  first  doing  chores  or 
light  work,  and  later  taking  a  man's  place.  He  was  principally  engaged  on  Pine 
creek,  but  spent  four  years  in  the  pineries  of  northern  Michigan.  Fifteen  years 
of  his  life  was  passed  in  the  occupation  of  a  woodsman,  in  which  business  he  became 
an  expert.     On  July  5,  1881,  Mr.  Ladd  married  Annie  M.  Furman,  a  daughter  of 


BIOQEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  9(59 


Martin  W.  and  Eunice  J.  (Dartt)  Furman,  to  which  union  have  heen  born  four  chil- 
dren, viz:  Lola  B.,  born  July  28,  1883;  Ida  M.,  February  19,  1885;  Archie  W., 
April  3,  1889,  and  Lillian  Pearl,  October  20,  1894.  In  October,  1883,  Mr.  Ladd 
purchased  a  farm  on  the  south  bank  of  Pine  creek,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Gaines, 
where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture,  but  also  spends  the  winter 
season  in  lumber  jobbing.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  worthy 
citizens  of  his  township. 

Samuel  Weight  was  bom  in  Canandaigua,  New  York,  February  5,  1819,  a 
son  of  Kobert  and  Hannah  (Easland)  "Wright.  He  grew  to  maturity  in  his  native 
place,  and  March  2,  1839,  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  F.  Farmer,  a  daughter  of 
James  and  Deborah  (Jewell)  Farmer.  One  son  was  bom  to  this  union,  who  died 
in  May,  1880,  at  Bath,  New  York,  and  was  interred  in  that  town.  Mr.  Wright  lived 
two  years  in  Canandaigua  after  his  marriage,  and  then  moved  to  Bloomfield,  and 
later  to  Kushville,  in  the  same  State,  whence  he  returned  to  Canandaigua.  He 
next  went  to  Perm  Yan,  where  he  resided  about  twelve  years,  then  removed  to  Wayne, 
and  afterwards  kept  a  hotel  at  Bath  for  twelve  years.  In  1886  he  located  in  Gaines 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  purchasing  a  farm  near  Phoenix  Station, 
on  the  Addison  and  Pennsylvania  railroad.  Soon  after  this  he  became  an  invalid, 
and  continued  in  failing  health  up  to  his  death,  October  8,  1895.  Since  her  hus- 
band's death  Mrs.  Wright  has  made  her  home  with  her  grand-daughter,  Mrs.  C.  P. 
Conine,  of  Prattsburg,  New  York,  though  she  owns  the  homestead  farm  in  Gaines 
township,  and  spends  a  portion  of  her  time  in  Tioga  county  looking  after  her 
property. 

John  Fischleb  was  bom  in  Germany,  February  25,  1845,  a  son  of  John  and 
Ehzabeth  (Kalsch)  Fischler,  natives  of  Germany.  In  May,  1856,  the  family  came  to 
Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  father  carried  on  a  boot  and  shoe 
store  for  more  than  twenty  years.  John  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade,  and  fol- 
lowed that  business  in  his  father's  shop.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, eight  of  whom  are  living.  The  Fischler  brothers  are  all  accomplished  musi- 
cians, and,  when  living  in  Wellsboro,  composed  the  Fischler  orchestra  of  that  place, 
from  1878  to  1887.  Charles  is  now  leader  of  the  Stopper  &  Piske  Orchestra, 
of  Williamsport,  and  Edwin  is  a  member  of  the  same  organization.  In  October, 
1887,  Mr.  Fischler  purchased  the  drug  store  at  Gaines,  then  owned  by  Dr.  F.  D. 
Eitter.  On  April  21,  1865,  he  married  Louise  A.  Stickley,  a  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Lydia  (Watkins)  Stickley,  of  Wellsboro,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz: 
Ernest  M.,  a  resident  of  Auburn,  Indiana,  and  Lillian  Louise,  who  lives  at  home. 
They  also  have  an  adopted  son,  Lee,  a  son  of  Edwin  and  Lida  (Newton)  Fischler, 
the  former  of  whom  lives  in  Williamsport.  Mr.  Fischler  is  a  member  of  Tyadaghton 
Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  of  Gaines  Encampment,  No.  314,  both  located  at 
Gaines,  Tioga  county. 

Henet  Mengee,  a  native  of  Hanover,  Germany,  and  a  son  of  Christopher  and 
Elizabeth  (Volmer)  Mengee,  was  bom  January  33,  1824,  and  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  native  land.  He  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade,  and  worked  at  the 
same  seven  years  after  serving  his  apprenticeship.  In  1846  he  immigrated  to 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  where  he  found  employment  at  his  trade  for  three  years,  and 
then  went  to  New  York  City  and  worked  in  the  ship-joiner's  shop  of  James  H. 


970  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 

Cutter.  About  1866  he  located  in  Germania,  Potter  county,  Pennsylyania,  where 
he  purchased  a  farm.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Mengee  has  worked  at  his  trade  in 
Wellsboro  and  other  towns  of  the  county,  while  his  family  carry  on  the  farm.  In 
April,  1845,  he  married  Louise  Sittig,  a  daughter  of  Fred  and  Elizabeth  (Volmer) 
Sittig,  natives  of  Germany,  who  came  with  him  to  the  United  States.  Eight  chil- 
dren were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Henry  and  Julia,  both  deceased;  George  A., 
a  resident  of  Watrous;  William,  of  Wellsboro;  Agnes,  deceased;  Fred  L.,  of  Ger- 
mania; Emily,  wife  of  Jacob  Zoerb,  of  the  same  place;  Henry  F.,  a  resident  of 
Washington,  and  Herman  T.,  who  lives  in  Prattsburg.  Mrs.  Mengee  died  in  the 
autumn  of  1881,  and  was  interred  in  the  Germania  cemetery. 

Hbeman  T.  Mengee,  youngest  child  of  Henry  Mengee,  was  born  in  Germania, 
Potter  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  38, 1868.  He  obtained  a  common  school  educa- 
tion, and  engaged  in  lumbering  in  the  employ  of  Woef  el,  Zinert  &  Company,  of  Ger- 
mania. In  1893-94  he  was  landlord  of  a  hotel  in  that  place,  later  named  the  Cottage 
Hotel.  In  December,  1895,  he  purchased  a  lot  at  Watrous,  one  mile  south  of 
Gaines,  erected  a  store,  stocked  it  with  hardware  and  general  merchandise,  and 
carried  on  business  there  until  his  removal  to  Prattsburg,  New  York,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  the  hotel  business.  On  April  30,  1893,  he  married  Annie  Meixner,  a 
daughter  of  Prank  and  Catherine  (Zengule)  Meixner,  of  Germania,  Potter  county, 
and  has  two  children,  Clarence  F.  and  Allen  H.  Mr.  Mengee  is  a  member  of  Abbott 
Lodge,  No.  1015, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Germania,  and  was  connected  with  Germania  Tent, 
K.  0.  T.  M.     He  is  also  a  charter  member  of  the  Schutzen  Verin,  of  Germania. 

John  Matnaed  was  bom  in  Adderbury,  Oxfordshire,  England,  December  5, 
1811,  a  son  of  Edward  and  Mary  A.  (Busby)  Maynard.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
land,  and  immigrated  to  Vermont  in  1837,  soon  after  removing  to  Massachusetts. 
There  he  met  and  married  Abigail  Whitney,  a  daughter  of  Harry  and  Mary  Whitney, 
of  Littleton,  New  Hampshire,  January  1,  1833.  Seven  sons  and  six  daughters  were 
the  fruits  of  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Mary  Ann,  deceased  wife  of  Wheeler 
Bratton,  of  Vermont;  C.  John,  who  died  in  childhood;  John  C,  of  Gaines  town- 
ship; Martha  M.,  wife  of  Gustave  E.  Winkler,  of  Camden,  New  Jersey;  Marshall 
M.,  who  died  in  Kentucky,  September  33,  1863,  while  a  member  of  Company  I, 
Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  Ede  and  Edward  E.,  both  of  whom  died  in 
youth;  Edwin  E.,  who  died  in  1885;  Ede,  wife  of  Charles  Furman,  of  Camden,  New 
Jersey;  Edward  E.  (3nd),  deceased;  Eeuben  G.,  who  lives  on  the  homestead;  Carrie 
E.,  who  first  married  John  C.  Trowbridge,  and  is  now  the  wife  of  John  M.  Purhen, 
of  Elk  township,  and  Annie  M.  I.,  wife  of  Herman  Perry,  of  Kalamazoo,  Michigan. 
In  June,  1847,  Mr.  Maynard  came  to  Westfield  township,  Tioga  county,  and  some 
two  years  later  removed  to  Shippen  township,  where  he  was  foreman  of  the  lumber- 
ing interests  of  his  brother,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Maynard  &  White.  In  1853  he 
located  in  Elk  township,  where  several  years  before  he  had  purchased  over  500  acres 
of  timber  land  near  the  head  of  Elk  nm.  He  was  the  first  permanent  settler  in  the 
township,  and  built  his  home  in  the  midst  of  the  primitive  forest,  cleared  up  a  good 
farm  and  reared  a  large  family.  Mr.  Maynard  was  a  practicing  physician  ia  that 
section,  but  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  the  cultivation  and  improvement  of 
the  homestead.  He  planted  out  large  orchards  of  apples  and  pears  at  quite  an 
early  day,  and  furnished  his  neighbors  with  abundance  of  frait  free  of  cost.     At 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  97^ 


the  organization  of  Elk  township,  Mr.  Maynard  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  filled  the  ofSce  continuously  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  also  held  nearly 
every  other  township  office  at  different  periods,  and  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
chosen  to  select  the  site  of  the  county  poor  farm.  In  addition  to  his  original  pur- 
chase, he  had  bought  other  tracts  from  time  to  time,  until  he  owned  and  sold  nearly 
every  farm  for  two  miles  square,  in  all  between  1,600  and  1,700  acres.  Mr.  May- 
nard died  on  his  farm,  December  9,  1878;  his  widow  survived  until  September  33, 
1886. 

Eeuben  G.  Matnaed,  a  son  of  John  and  Abigail  Maynard,  was  born  in  Ship- 
pen  township,  Tioga  county,  January  39,  1851,  and  was  two  years  old  when  the 
family  settled  in  Elk  township.  He  attended  the  district  school  near  his  home,  and 
worked  on  the  farm  and  in  the  lumber  woods  throughout  his  early  life.  He  is  now 
the  owner  of  the  old  homestead,  to  which  he  devotes  his  entire  attention,  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  farmers  of  this  section  of  the  county.  He  takes  commendable  pride 
in  the  improvement  of  his  property,  and  has  an  orchard  of  500  bearing  trees.  On 
May  5, 1875,  Mr.  Maynard  married  Ettie  P.  Mies,  a  daughter  of  E.  "W.  amd  Catherine 
(Backus)  Niles,  of  Middlebury  township,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  They  are  the 
parents  of  seven  children,  viz:  Edith  K.,  wife  of  Charles  Wheeler,  of  Earmington 
township;  Wallace,  deceased;  John  W.,  Floyd  and  Lloyd  (twins),  the  latter  de- 
ceased; Eeuben  E.  and  Harry.  Politically,  Mr.  Maynard  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has 
filled  the  office  of  school  director,  supervisor,  auditor,  constable,  collector  and  as- 
sessor, and  is  the  present  treasurer  of  the  school  board.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyadagh- 
ton  Lodge,  Ko.  981,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  also  of  Gaines  Encampment,  No.  314,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Marshfield  Grange,  No.  1113,  P.  of  H.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maynard  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  respected 
and  progressive  citizens  of  the  community. 

Charles  H.  West,  son  of  James  H.  and  Catherine  (Lull)  West,  was  bom  in 
Cortland  county.  New  York,  August  26,  1836,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  About 
1865  he  went  to  Vermont,  where  on  December  3,  of  that  year,  he  married  Lura  E. 
Draper,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Huldah  (Kimberly)  Draper,  of  West  Haven,  Eut- 
land  county,  Vermont.  Four  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  viz :  James  H.,  who 
died  October  30,  1895;  Arthur,  born  March  31,  1869;  Norman  E.,  bom  October 
7, 1871,  and  Lettie  A.,  bom  May  19, 1873.  In  1868  Mr.  West  removed  to  Westfield, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  same  year  located  in  Elk  township,  where  he 
purchased  the  farm,  on  the  headwaters  of  Kettle  creek,  on  which  his  family  now 
reside.  It  was  covered  by  an  almost  unbroken  forest,  which  has  since  been  cleared 
off,  and  here  Mr.  West  died  August  14,  1873.  On  October  9,  1874,  Mrs.  West  mar- 
ried Wilbur  Welch,  and  to  this  union  have  been  bom  five  children,  as  follows:  Lettie 
A.,  widow  of  Claude  Ellsworth,  who  died  at  Sunderlinville,  Potter  county,  August 
27,  1895;  Albert  J.,  born  October  6,  1877;  Sarah  E.,  April  17,  1880;  Huldah  L., 
August  24, 1883;  Annie  E.,  March  31,  1885,  and  Henrietta  A.,  November  38,  1887. 
Mr.  Welch  is  employed  in  cutting  and  stocking  logs  during  the  lumbering  season, 
and  devotes  his  attention  to  farming  the  balance  of  the  year. 

John  C.  Teowbeidge  was  bom  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  14,  1847,  a  son  of  Caleb  and  Eliza  (Losey)  Trowbridge.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  Union  Academy,  and  assisted  his  parents  on  the 


972  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

farm  until  his  marriage.  On  January  4,  1871,  he  married  Carrie  E.  Maynard  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Abigail  Maynard,  of  Elk  township,  who  bore  him  two  chil- 
dren, Edward  C,  and  Grace  A.,  the  latter  deceased.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Trow- 
bridge was  engaged  in  lumber  operations  on  Pine  creek  and  its  tributaries  during 
the  fall  and  winter  seasons,  but  always  returned  to  the  old  homestead  to  assist  his 
parents  in  the  duties  of  the  farm,  which  he  continued  to  do  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death. 

Edwaed  C.  Teowbeidge,  only  living  child  of  John  C.  and  Carrie  E.  Trow- 
bridge, was  bom  in  Clymer  township,  Tioga  county,  November  21,  1871.  He  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  his  native  township,  and  has  since  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  lumbering.  He  makes  hjs  home  with  his  mother,  Mrs.  John  M. 
Purhen,  in  Elk  township,  where  he  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  and  other  property.  He 
is  a  member  of  Marshfield  Grange,  No.  1113,  P.  of  H. 

John  M.  Puhhen  was  born  in  Hazleton,  Pennsylvania,  March  3,  1854,  a  son 
of  Frank  and  Dorothy  (Franck)  Purhen,  of  Elk  township,  Tioga  county,  whither  the 
family  removed  during  the  childhood  of  our  subject.  He  remained  with  his  parents 
until  1883,  when  he  purchased  a  saw-mill,  which  he  has  since  operated  near  his 
present  home.  On  February  27, 1884,  he  married  Mrs.  Carrie  E.  Trowbridge,  widow 
of  John  C.  Trowbridge,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Abigail  Maynard,  who  has  borne 
him  two  children,  Marshall  M.  and  Martha  M.,  twins,  born  June  4,  1890.  Mr. 
Purhen  is  engaged  in  farming,  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  He 
is  a  member  of  Marshfield  Grange,  No.  1113,  P.  of  H. 

John  E.  Feeligh  was  bom  in  Cattaraugus  county,  New  York,  April  22,  1841, 
a  son  of  Moses  J.  and  Harriet  (Boughton)  Freligh.  AVhen  he  was  a  child  his  parents 
removed  to  Delaware  county.  New  York,  where  his  father  worked  at  the  mason's 
trade,  though  devoting  a  portion  of  his  attention  to  farming.  John  E.  was  reared 
on  a  farm.  His  mother  having  died  when  he  was  quite  young,  he  was  taken  by  a 
farmer  of  Delaware  county,  with  whom  he  lived  many  years.  After  attaining  his 
majority,  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Broome  county.  New  York,  and  three  years  later 
went  to  Iowa,  where  he  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1876  he  bought 
eighty  acres  of  land  in  Floyd  county,  Iowa,  on  which  he  lived  up  to  1887,  when  he 
came  to  Elk  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  his  present 
homestead.  On  August  10,  1862,  Mr.  Freligh  married  Emma  P.  Howe,  a  daughter 
of  Israel  and  Hannah  (Childs)  Howe,  of  Broome  county.  New  York,  and  has  four 
children,  viz:  Lillian  E.,  wife  of  W.  H.  Brownell,  of  Elk  township;  Edgar  E.,  John 
Wilbur  and  Elsie  M.  Mrs.  Freligh  owns  100  acres  of  land  a  short  distance  from 
their  home,  left  her  by  her  father.  The  homestead  is  nearly  all  cleared  and  im- 
proved, making  a  very  pleasant  place  of  residence.  In  1892  Mr.  Freligh  became 
interested  with  his  son,  Edgar  E.,  in  the  Star  Washer,  and  purchased  the  rights 
to  sell  the  same  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  A  year  later  they  purchased 
eleven  more  States.  In  1892  they  began  the  manufacture  of  these  machines  at 
Westfleld,  which  they  carried  on  up  to  the  spring  of  1894,  when  they  suspended 
work  and  Mr.  Freligh  returned  to  the  farm.  The  family  are  all  charter  members 
of  Marshfield  Grange,  No.  1113,  P.  of  H.  Mr.  Freligh  is  also  a  member  of  St. 
Charles  Lodge,  No.  442,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Charles  City,  Iowa,  and  in  politics,  is  an 
ardent  Eepublican. 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  973 

EoBEHT  Thompson,  third  son  of  Samuel  and  Rachel  Thompson,  was  bom  in 
County  Antrim,  Ireland,  December  33,  1853.  His  parents  were  Scotch-Irish,  and 
reared  the  following  children:  Jane,  wife  of  Taylor  Quade,  a  farmer  residing  near 
BufPalo,  New  York;  James,  a  tannery  foreman  at  Limestone,  New  York;  John,  a 
farmer  of  Green  county,  New  York;  Robert,  of  Leetonia;  Rachel,  who  lives  in 
Canada,  and  Margaret,  deceased.  The  mother  died  in  Ireland,  and  her  husband 
subsequently  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Kingston, 
Ulster  county.  New  York,  in  1862,  where  he  still  resides.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  came  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and  found  employment  in  a  tannery  in 
Gouldsboro,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  learned  the  tanner's  trade.  In  1871  he  re- 
moved to  Leetonia,  Tioga  county,  becoming  an  employe  in  the  Cedar  Run  Tannery, 
which  began  operations  that  year.  He  has  been  foreman  of  the  tannery  for  the  past 
five  years,  and  is  one  of  the  most  thorough  and  practical  men  in  the  business. 
On  June  14,  1880,  Mr.  Thompson  married  Addie  Merrills,  a  daughter  of  Clum  and 
Elizabeth  Merrills,  of  Lycoming  county,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  viz: 
James,  Bffie,  William,  Nellie,  Daisy,  Robert  and  Olive.  Mr.  Thompson  is  the  oldest 
citizen  in  point  of  residence  in  Leetonia,  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his 
neighbors  as  well  as  the  confidence  of  his  employers.  In  politics,  a  Republican,  he 
has  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  of  Leetonia,  and  has  served  nearly  eight  years 
as  school  director. 

SHIPPEN     TOWNSHIP. 

John  English  was  bom  in  County  Monaghan,  Ireland,  June  9,  1809,  a  son  of 
James  and  Margaret  (McConnis)  English,  of  that  place.  He  was  a  weaver,  and 
worked  at  that  trade  until  1835,  when  he  immigrated  to  the  United  States  and 
found  employment  with  Hezekiah  Stowell,  on  Pine  creek,  in  Shippen  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  worked  for  Mr.  Stowell  about  six  years,  most  of 
the  time  in  the  grist-mill  at  what  is  now  Ansonia.  About  1841  he  bought  a  farm 
in  Delmar  township,  located  near  Dvitch  hollow,  on  which  he  settled  the  same  year. 
At  that  time  the  country  was  sparsely  populated,  and  the  lands  were  covered  by  the 
original  forest.  He  made  the  first  clearing  on  his  farm,  and  after  a  residence  there 
of  four  or  five  years  his  wife  died,  and  he  then  sold  out  and  bought  a  house  and 
lot  in  Wellsboro.  He  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  the  vicinity  of  his  fiisst 
purchase  for  a  few  years,  and  then  located  on  his  father-in-law's  farm  in  Delmar,  on 
which  he  lived  up  to  1864,  when  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Shippen  township,  near 
Delmar  postoffice,  where  he  possed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  July  17, 
1887.  Mr.  English  followed  farming  steadily  and  persistently,  but  also  engaged 
to  some  extent  in  the  lumber  business.  In  1873  he  was  awarded  a  contract  for  the 
construction  of  a  public  road  from  Antrim  to  Morris,  which  is  to-day  one  of  the 
best  roads  in  Tioga  county.  He  was  a  stanch  Republican,  and  in  religion,  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  served  as  supervisor  of  Shippen  township 
three  years;  school  director  nine  years,  and  assessor  two  terms.  Mr.  English  was 
three  times  piarried.  In  1833  he  was  married  in  Ireland  to  Catherine  Glass,  a 
daughter  of  John  Glass,  who  bore  him  eight  children  as  follows:  Eliza,  widow  of 
Alonzo  Ellis,  of  Westfield;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  Stephen  English,  of  Lycoming 
county;  Sarah,  deceased  wife  of  Stephen  Campbell,  of  the  same  county;  James, 
George,  John,  Richard  and  William,  all  of  whom  died  before  they  reached  the 


974  HISTOfiY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

age  of  ten  years.  Mrs.  English  died  in  April,  1846,  and  the  following  year  he 
married  Letitia  Kelsey,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eebecca  (Merrick)  Kelsey 
of  Delmar  township.  Eight  children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Daniel  and 
Benjamin  E.,  both  deceased;  Eugene  S.,  of  Shippen  township;  WilHs  L.,  of  Morris 
township:  John  F.,  a  resident  of  Shippen;  Anna  C,  wife  of  Frank  Watkins,  of 
Wellsboro;  Mary  L.,  a  teacher  in  Shippen,  and  Grant,  who  has  been  adopted  by 
Robert  Kelsey,  of  Wellsboro,  and  has  talcen  his  name.  Mrs.  English  died  on  June 
13,  1870,  dying  as  she  had  lived  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  About  a  year  after  her  death  Mr.  English  married  his  third  wife,  Mrs. 
Eliza  Stevens,  of  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania. 

Eugene  S.  English,  oldest  living  child  of  John  and  Letitia  English,  was  bom 
in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  January  3,  1853,  and  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  Wellsboro  High  School,  later  attending  Cook  Academy,  at  Havana, 
New  York,  in  which  institution  he  spent  three  years.  He  earned  money  in  lum- 
bering and  at  farm  work  to  use  in  completing  his  education.  After  his  return  from 
school,  he  lived  at  home  and  cultivated  the  farm,  caring  for  his  parents  and  his  in- 
valid brother,  John.  At  the  death  of  his  father  he  inherited  tFe  old  homestead,  and 
has  made  farming  his  principal  vocation.  Mr.  English  is  one  of  the  progressive,  en- 
terprising farmers  of  Shippen,  and  owns  one  of  the  best  improved  farms  in  the  town- 
ship. On  December  15,  1886,  he  married  Rosetta  M.  Baldwin,  a  daughter  of  Vine 
and  Cynthia  D.  (Boyden)  Baldwin,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  one  child,  Lottie 
M.  Mr.  English  and  wife  are  members  of  Shippen  Baptist  church,  and  also  of 
Middle  Ridge  Grange,  No.  384,  P.  of  H.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has 
filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  auditor,  clerk  and  treasurer  in  Shippen  township. 

Joseph  A.  Darling  was  bom  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  July  5,  1837.  His 
parents,  Joshua  and  Robay  (Millard)  Darling,  were  originally  from  Rhode  Island, 
and  settled  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  at  an  early  day,  whence  they  came  to 
Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  lived  from  1850  to 
1854.  In  the  latter  year  they  removed  to  Nebraska,  and  resided  in  that  state  until 
their  death.  Joseph  A.  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  worked  with  his  father 
at  the  carpenter's  trade  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  In  1846  he  came  to 
Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  and  found  employment  with  Hezekiah  Stowell, 
mt)stly  in  lumber  jobbing.  On  August  19,  1850,  he  married  Helen  M.  Swope,  a. 
daughter  of  Abiather  and  Julia  Anna  (Sherman)  Swope,  of  Shippen  township,  who 
has  borne  him  six  children,  as  follows:  Alice  E.,  wife  of  Vine  R.  Pratt,  of  Reynolds- 
ville,  Jefferson  county;  Anna  M.,  widow  of  Lafayette  Wetherbee,  of  Shippen  town- 
ship; Walter  C,  a  resident  of  Elk  township;  May  J.,  who  died  January  33,  1863; 
Joseph  E.,  a  resident  of  Gaines  township,  and  Grace  E.  M.,  wife  of  Byron  Ford,  of 
Shippen.  About  1855  Mr.  Darling  purchased  a  farm  on  Pine  creek,  in  Shippen 
township,  known  as  the  Pine  Grove  farm,  which  he  cleared  and  improved.  He 
lived  there  up  to  1883,  when  he  sold  the  property  and  bought  300  acres  of  land 
on  Darling  run,  in  the  south  part  of  Shippen  township.  It  was  then  covered  by  the 
original  forest,  which  Mr.  Darling  has  since  cleared  off,  erected  commodious  build- 
ings, and  otherwise  improved  the  property.  In  1890  he  purchased  137  acres  in  the 
southeast  part  of  Shippen,  known  as  the  R.  W.  Wheeler  farm,  both  of  which  he 
still  owns.     During  these  years  Mr.  Darling  has  jobbed  more  or  less  in  connection 


BIOGEAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  975 

with  farm  duties,  and  has  been  quite  successful  in  his  business  ventures.  In  politics, 
a  Republican,  he  has  served  as  a  Justice  of  the  peace  for  twenty  years  continuously, 
and  has  also  filled  nearly  all  of  the  other  township  offices.  He  is  a  member  of  Mid- 
dle Ridge  Grange,  No.  384,  P.  of  H.,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  also  been  con- 
nected with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Darling  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  he  is  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of  Shippen  township. 

HoKACE  Broughton  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylva^ 
nia,  September  1,  1818,  a  son  of  Nathan  and  Sally  (Walker)  Broughton,  who  came 
from  Delaware  county,  New  York,  to  Tioga  county  in  1817.  He  was  reared  upon 
a  farm  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  occupation  he  followed  the  greater 
part  of  his  life.  He  also'  acted  as  a  lumber  pilot  on  Pine  creek,  and  was  engaged 
during  the  rafting  season  of  each  year  in  piloting  lumber  to  the  markets  in  central 
Pennsylvania.  He  finally  purchased  a  farm  on  Pine  creek,  in  Shippen  township, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  July  5,  1893.  His  wife,  Elizabeth, 
was  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Greenleaf)  Sly,  of  Shippen  township.  They 
were  married  August  19,  1838,  and  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  as  follows: 
Amelia,  wife  of  Isaac  Holmes,  of  Michigan;  Maria,  wife  of  Ambrose  Dimmick, 
of  Shippen  township;  Juliet,  wife  of  George  Dimmick,  of  Shippen;  Sarah  E., 
who  died  in  infancy;  Lucy,  deceased  wife  of  Edwin  T.  Everett,  of  Covington; 
jplichard  H.,  a  resident  of  McKean  county;  Job  R.,  of  Westfield  borough;  Emmet  W.,, 
of  Shippen  township,  and  Rosabella,  wife  of  Matthew  Luxenberger,  of  McKean 
county.  Mrs.  Broughton  died  on  January  1,  1877,  in  her  fifty-seventh  year.  Both 
she  and  her  husband  were  members  of  the  Presbyteriaa  church,  of  Ansonia,  and 
are  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  that  place.  In  polities,  Mr.  Broughton  was  a  Republi- 
can, and  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  auditor,  inspector  and  judge  of  election  at 
different  periods.  He  was  also  connected  with  Tyoga  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Wells- 
boro. 

Emmet  W.  Beoughton,  a  son  of  Horace  and  Elizabeth  Broughton,  was  born 
on  the  homestead  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  November  8,  1858,  and  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  the  district  in  boyhood.  He  has  always  lived  upon 
the  old  homestead,  assisting  his  parents  in  the  duties  of  the  farm,  which  he  took 
charge  of  at  his  father's  death.  On  September  34,  1882,  he  married  Anna  M. 
Britting,  a  daughter  of  Conrad  and  Catherine  (Wingerter)  Britting,  of  Germania,. 
Potter  county,  who  has  borne  him  one  daughter,  Ruth  A.  They  also  have  reared 
Maggie  Pletcher,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  Broughton,  whose  father,  George  Pletcher,  lives- 
in  Galeton,  Potter  county.  Politically,  Mr.  Broughton  is  a  Republican,  and  has 
served  as  township  clerk,  treasurer,  inspector  and  clerk  of  election  for  many  years. 

Harris  Daett  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Februarj'  11,. 
1830,  a  son  of  John  and  Betsey  E.  (Butler)  Dartt,  early  settlers  of  that  township. 
He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  ajid  attended  the  district  school  of  his 
neighborhood  until  old  enough  to  earn  his  own  living,  when  his  father  gave  him 
his  time  and  he  afterwards  made  his  own  way  in  life.  He  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade,  and  worked  at  that  business  in  connection  with  farming.  Soon  after  attaining- 
his  majority,  he  purchased  a  farm  on  East  hill,  Delmar  township,  and  eleai-ed  a 
portion  of  it.  A  few  years  later  he  sold  it  and  purchased  a  tract  of  timber  land  in 
the  south  part  of  Shippen  township,  which  he  sold  about  1858  and  bought  138" 


976  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

acres  two  miles  westward,  where  his  widow  and  son,  John  B.,  now  reside.  This 
farm  was  at  that  time  unimproved,  and  Mr.  Dartt  began  at  once  the  erection  of 
a  log  house,  and  devoted  his  energies  toward  clearing  and  improving  the  laud. 
On  September  30,  1860,  he  married  Mary  Caroline  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  William 
and  Lydia  (Buekbee)  Wilcox,  of  Delmar  township,  who  bore  him  one  son,  John  B. 
Mr.  Dartt  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylva- 
nia Volunteers,  February  4, 1864,  and  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was 
taken  sick  with  fever  while  on  his  way  to  the  front,  and  was  sent  to  the  hospital  at 
Philadelphia.  He  later  rejoined  his  regiment,  but  was  again  returned  to  the 
hospital  as  unfit  for  duty,  and  was  finally  discharged,  June  28,  1865.  He  returned 
to  his  home  in  broken  health,  to  resume  the  duties  of  the  farm.  In  1888  he  re- 
placed the  old  log  house  with  a  more  modem  structure,  also  erected  better  out- 
buildings, and  continued  to  reside  on  this  farm  up  to  his  death,  December  28, 1895. 
In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  of  Shippen  township,  to  which  his  widow  also  belongs.  He  served  as  school 
director  nine  years,  also  as  collector,  judge  of  election,  etc.  He  was  a  member  of 
Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  K.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  the 
community. 

John  B.  Daett  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  January  24, 
1863,  and  is  the  only  child  of  Harris  and  Mary  C.  Dartt.  He  has  spent  his  entire^ 
life  on  the  homestead  farm,  which  he  took  charge  of  at  his  father's  death.  On 
July  2,  1889,  he  married  Lillian  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  Deimis  and  Sarah  (Wilson) 
Wilcox,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  two  children,  Nora  and  Harvey.  Mrs.  Dartt 
is  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Shippen,  and  in  politics,  the  family  ad- 
here to  the  Eepublican  party. 

Elihu  J.  DoET,  originally  spelled  "Dartt,"  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga 
county,  January  15,  1832,  a  son  of  John  and  Betsey  E.  (Fuller)  Dariit,  early  settlers 
of  that  township.  Before  attaining  his  majority  he  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade, 
which  business  he  has  followed  more  or  less  in  connection  with  agriculture  About 
1862  he  purchased  an  unimproved  tract  of  104  acres,  in  the  south  part  of  Shippen 
township,  on  which  he  now  resides.  There  was  no  settlement  in  that  part  of  the 
township  at  that  time,  and  Mr.  Dort  was  obliged  to  travel  three  miles  through 
the  woods  every  night  and  morning  while  engaged  in  clearing  a  place  for  his  dwell- 
ing and  in  erecting  the  same.  By  rigid  industry  he  gradually  cleared  ofE  the  dense 
forest,  year  by  year,  and  has  lived  to  see  that  section  thickly  settled  and  converted 
into  productive  farms.  On  January  1,  1858,  he  married  Aurilla  Sherman,  a 
daughter  of  Tile  and  Lurinda  (Babcock)  Sherman,  of  Shippen  township,  who  has 
borne  him  three  children,  viz:  Lurinda  G.,  wife  of  Daniel  L.  Plumley,  of  Shippen; 
Frankie  E.,  wife  of  Darius  Plumley,  of  the  same  township,  and  Porter  J.  Mr.  Dort 
enlisted  in  Battery  D,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  September  15,  1864, 
and  was  under  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  valley  until  January  1,  1865.  The 
battery  was  then  sent  to  winter  quarters  at  Maryland  Heights,  and  the  following 
April  to  Arlington  Heights,  and  was  finally  discharged  in  June,  1865,  when  Mr. 
Dort  retumed  to  his  home  in  Shippen  and  resumed  work  on  the  farm,  to  which  he 
has  since  given  his  principal  attention,  but  has  also  kept  a  blacksmith  shop  for  his 
own  convenience,  as  well  as  for  the  accommodation  of  his  neighbors.    In  politics, 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  977 


a  Eepublican,  he  has  served  as  school  director  and  assessor  of  Shippen.  He  is  a 
member  of  George  Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  K.  of  "Wellsboro.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Dort  are  members  of  the  Free  Baptist  church,  at  Kennedy,  Delmaj  township. 

PoBTEK  J.  DoKT,  joungest  child  ajad  only  son  of  Elihu  J.  Dort,  was  born  on 
the  homestead  in  Shippen  township,  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  district, 
and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his  father,  at  which  he  has  worked  in  the 
lumber  woods  to  a  considerable  extent.  On  February  33,  1893,  he  married  Laveme 
6.  Townsend,  a  daughter  of  Edward  and  Jennie  (Hastings)  Townsend,  of  Tia- 
daghton,  Tioga  county.  She  was  a  native  of  Eau  Claire  county,  Wisconsin,  where 
she  was  bom  July  36, 1874.  Mrs.  Dort  died  March  30,  1894.  In  politics,  Mr.  Dort 
is  a  Eepublican. 

Benjamin  E.  Knowlton,  eldest  son  of  Timothy  Knowlton,  was  born  in  Sulli- 
van township,  Tioga  county,  December  6,  1833,  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
his  majority.  He  afterwards  worked  in  different  portions  of  the  county  as  a  farm 
hand  for  a  few  years.  On  September  10,  1845,  he  married  Lydia  Ames,  of  Sulli- 
van township,  and  in  November  removed  to  Lake  county,  Illinois,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  on  which  he  lived  up  to  1850.  He  then  returned  to  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  and  bought  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  which  he  cultivated  in 
partnership  with  his  brother,  Andrew  J.,  until  1863.  In  that  yeax  he  sold  his  in- 
terest in  the  homestead  farm  and  purchased  150  acres  in  the  south  part  of  Shippen 
township,  which  at  that  time  contained  little  or  no  improvements.  He  has  since 
cleared  and  improved  the  property,  erected  a  modern  residence,  substantial  out- 
buildings, and  reared  a  large  family,  being  to-day  one  of  the  pioneer  landmarks  of 
Shippen  township.  Mrs.  Knowlton  was  bom  November  15, 1830,  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  and  is  the  mother  of  eight  children,  as  follows:  George  0.  and 
Leander  A.,  of  Shippen  township;  Phoebe  A.,  wife  of  Abram  M.  Sherman,  of 
Shippen;  Eugene  F.,  of  Delmar;  Herbert  A.,  of  Clymer;  Lydia  J.,  wife  of  Eev. 
William  J.  Playfoot,  a  Baptist  minister;  Julian  P.,  of  Shippen,  and  Frank  H.,  who 
lives  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Knowlton  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  has  served  as 
supervisor,  school  director  and  treasurer  in  Shippen  township.  His  sqns,  Leander 
and  Frank,  carry  on  the  old  homestead  farm,  and  thus  assist  their  parents  in  their 
declining  years. 

Samuel  Scbanton  was  bom  in  Schoharie  county.  New  York,  September  37, 
1830,  a  son  of  Lyman  and  Elizabeth  (Cronkrite)  Scranton.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Bradford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  thence  to  Ealston,  Lycoming  county.  About  1835  they  located  in 
Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  where  the  father  engaged  in  jobljing,  clearing  land  and 
limbering.  Samuel  worked  with  his  father  until  his  majority,  and  then  settled  in 
Union  township,  Tioga  county.  From  1844  to  1849  he  lived  at  Tiadaghton,  where 
he  was  employed  by  Wilcox  &  Eobinson,  of  Wellsboro.  He  then  moved  to  Stony 
Fork,  in  Delmar  township,  where  he  had  purchased  a  tract  of  land,  and  lived  there 
up  to  1864,  in  which  year  he  removed  to  Marsh  creek,  near  the  Shippen  line.  Two 
years  later  he  purchased  300  acres  in  Shippen  township,  on  which  he  has  lived  up  to 
the  present.  He  followed  the  lumber  business  in  connection  with  farming  up  to  a 
few  years  ago,  but  now  devotes  his  entire  attention  to  agriculture.  On  October  15, 
1843,  Mr.  Scranton  married  Almira  A.  Wheeler,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  and  Laura 

62 


g-^g  *  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


M.  (Smith)  Wheeler,  of  Delmaa-  township.  Seven  children  have  been  bom  to  this 
marriage,  as  follows:  George  M.,  of  Shippen;  Lauretta,  wife  of  Amasa  Gee,  of  Del- 
mar;  Arthur  J.,  deceased;  Stephen  S.,  and  Chester  L.,  both  residents  of  Shippen; 
Anna  M.,  wife  of  Charles  L.  Baker,  of  the  same  township,  and  Mary  I.,  deceased. 
Politically,  Mr.  Scranton  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  supervisor  of  Shippen 
two  terms.  He  is  a  member  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  903,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  also 
an  adherent  of  the  Free  Baptist  church. 

Geohge  M.  Sceanton,  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Scranton,  was  bom  in  Delmar  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  July  20, 1844;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  remained 
with  his  parents  on  the  homestead  until  after  his  majority.  On  July  4,  187!J,  he 
married  Eebecca  E.  Campbell,  a  daughter  of  King  Jerome  Campbell,  of  Delmar, 
to  which  union  have  been  born  three  sons:  Arthur  L.,  Walter  L.,  and  Samuel  J. 
For  several  years  Mr.  Scranton  worked  at  different  places.  In  1875  he  purchased 
a  tract  of  land  on  Maxsh  creek,  in  Delmar  township,  and  lived  upon  it  seven  years. 
He  then  sold  it  and  purchased  an  improved  farm  in  Shippen,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  In  1881  he  was  elected  constable  and  collector  of  Shippen  and  has  held 
these  offices  continuously  up  to  the  present.  He  is  a  member  of  Shippen  Grange, 
No.  902,  P.  of  H.,  of  Ansonia,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Free  Baptist 
church. 

Stephen  S.  Sgeanton,  second  son  of  Samuel  Scranton,  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township  August  1,  1850.  On  April  6,  1891,  he  married  Jennie  Hunt,  a  daughter 
of  William  E.  Hunt,  of  Delmar,  and  has  one  child:  Lyman  H.  Mr.  Scranton  owns 
a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  where  he  now  resides.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he 
has  been  constable  and  collector,  and  also  supervisor  and  inspector  of  elections. 

Chestee  L.  Sgeanton,  youngest  son  of  Samuel  Scranton,  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township,  January  4,  1854,  and  lived  with  his  parents  until  his  marriage.  He 
owns  a  part  of  the  old  homestead  on  which  he  now  resides.  On  October  38,  1880, 
he  married  Luella  E.  Holiday,  a  daughter  of  Delos  Holiday,  of  Delmar,  and  has 
two  children:  Homer  L.  and  Benjamin  M.  Mr.  Scranton  has  been  connected 
with  the  lumbering  interests  more  or  less  since  boyhood,  and  has  also  worked  at 
blacksmithing  and  farming.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  been  supervisor  and 
inspector  of  elections  in  Shippen  township. 

William  C.  Eeyman  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  14, 1833, 
a  son  of  Jacob  and  Eachel  (Empson)  Eeyman.  In  1834  his  parents  removed  to  Brad- 
ford county  and  settled  in  Eidgebury  township,  where  William  C.  grew  to  manhood. 
He  remained  with  his  parents  until  their  decease.  His  father  died  November  9, 
1853,  and  his  mother,  October  14,  1854.  He  then  lived  on  Bentley  creek,  in  Ridge- 
bury  township,  where  he  worked  at  the  shoemaker's  trade  up  to  1866,  in  which  year 
he  removed  to  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  and  settled  on  Marsh  creek.  He 
worked  in  the  lumber  woods  and  jobbed  at  lumbering  until  1881,  when  he  bought 
a  small  farm  on  Darling  run,  in  Shippen  township,  cleared  it  and  erected  substantial 
buildings.  He  has  since  given  his  attention  to  the  cultivation  and  improvement  of 
his  farm.  On  July  3,  1863,  Mr.  Eeyman  married  Hattie  A.  Campbell,  a  daughter 
of  King  J.  and  Charlotte  (Peterson)  Campbell,  of  Delmar  township,  who  has  home 
him  two  children,  viz:  Marian  D.,  wife  of  J.  Munson,  of  Troupsburg,  New  York, 
and  William  J.,  of  Shippen  township.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eeyman  are  members  of 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  979 

Dexter  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Delmax  township,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a 
Republican. 

William  J.  Eeyman,  only  son  of  William  C.  Eeyman,  was  born  in  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  January  25,  1868,  and  received  a  common  school  education. 
He  hved  with  his  parents  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  during  which  time  he 
worked  away  from  home  at  different  periods.  On  December  24,  1889,  he  married 
Jenaie  L.  Lockwood,  a  daughter  of  Charles  C.  and  Carrie  A.  (Snyder)  Lockwood,  of 
Sullivan  county,  New  York,  who  has  borne  him  one  child.  Hazel.  In  May,  1890, 
he  removed  to  Leetonia,  Elk  township,  and  was  employed  in  the  tannery  at  that 
place  up  to  November,  1895.  He  then  located  on  a  farm  in  Shippen  township,  which 
he  had  purchased  the  preceding  April,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming. 
He  is  a  member  of  Middle  Bidge  Grange,  No.  384,  P.  of  H.,  of  Delmai  township,  and 
in  politics,  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Chauncey  Bakes  was  bom  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  February  12,  1817, 
a  son  of  George  and  Susan  (Nott)  Baker.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  September 
22,  1838,  married  Abbie  Marshall,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Lueretia  (Marinus) 
Marshall.  To  this  union  were  bom  fourteen  children,  thirteen  of  whom  are  living 
and  heads  of  families.  Their  names  are  as  follows:  Eliza  L.,  wife  of  Edward 
Eeese,  of  Clymer  township;  Henry,  of  Westfield  township;  Erastus,  of  Chenango 
county.  New  York;  George,  of  Bainbridge,  New  York;  Jonathan  0.,  of  North 
Clarendon,  Pennsylvania;  S.  Harvey,  of  Knoxville,  Tioga  county;  James  N.,  a  res- 
ident of  Otsego  county.  New  York;  Susan  L.,  wife  of  E.  B.  Bradley,  of  Shippen  town- 
ship; Mary  J.,  wife  of  Warner  Thayer,  of  Otsego  county.  New  York;  Charles  L.,  of 
Shippen  township;  Elizabeth  A.,  wife  of  Chester  Schoonover,  of  Clymer  township; 
Alfred  E.,  of  Otsego  county,  New  York;  Albert  C,  deceased,  and  Augustus  B.,  of 
Steuben  county.  New  York.  In  1856  Mr.  Baker  and  family  came  from  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  to  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has  lived 
the  greater  portion  of  the  time  for  the  past  forty  years.  His  business  has  been 
principally  that  of  an  agent,  dealing  in  horses,  mules,  patent  rights,  etc.  He  repre- 
sented Nathan  Stockwell,  of  Broome  county.  New  York,  at  the  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion, held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  having  charge  of  several  exhibits.  Mrs.  Baker 
died  March  19,  1865,  and  in  1867,  he  married  Lucy  Green,  widow  of  Daniel  Green, 
of  Osceola.  She  died^in  September,  1890,  at  their  home  near  Knoxville.  Mr.  Baker 
now  lives  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Schoonover,  in  Clymer  township. 

Charles  L.  Bakeb,  a  son  of  Chauncey  and  Abbie  Baker,  was  bom  in  Knox- 
ville, Tioga  county,  April  3,  1856,  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
place.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  came  to  Shippen  township  and  found  employ- 
ment in  the  lumber  camps  of  Samuel  Scranton,  with  whom  he  remained  several  years. 
From  1876  to  1884  he  was  employed  by  Erastus  P.  Deane,  and  his  son,  Darius  L. 
Deane,  of  Wellsboro>  surveyors,  assisting  them  in  surve}'ing  the  lands  of  Phelps, 
Dodge  &  Company,  in  Shippen  and  adjoining  townships,  also  in  surveying  the 
Bingham  lands.  About  1880  he  purchased  117  acres  on  Marsh  creek,  in  Shippen 
township,  one  mile  east  of  Ansonia,  to  which  he  added  113  acres  by  purchase  in 
May,  1892,  making  in  all  230  acres,  much  of  which  he  has  cleared  and  improved. 
On  July  18, 1875,  Mr.  Baker  married  Anna  M.  Scranton,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Almira  A.  Scranton,  of  Shippen  township.     Three  children  have  been  born  to  this 


980  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

union,  viz:  Homer  L.,  Clarence  L.  and  Stephen  C.  Homer  L.  died  March  38, 
1882.  Mr.  Baker  and  wife  are  members  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  903,  P.  of  H.,  and 
he  has  served  as  school  director  of  his  district. 

Thomas  L.  Woodruff,  a  son  of  Morgan  M.  and  Elsie  E.  Woodruff,  was  bom 
in  Spencer,  Tioga  county.  New  York,  December  14,  1833.  His  parents  removed 
to  Chemung  county  when  he  was  a  youth,  and  he  lived  at  home  on  his  father's  farm 
until  the  death  of  his  mother,  October  38,  1850.  About  1855  he  went  to  Nemaha 
county,  Kansas,  where  he  pre-empted  a  timber  claim  of  eighty  acres.  Eighteen 
months  later  he  returned  to  Chemung  county.  New  York,  whence  he  removed  to 
Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  opened  a  store  at  Eidgebury.  He  also  pur- 
chased a  farm  there,  and  resided  upon  it  up  to  1873,  when  he  sold  out  and  bought 
300  acres  of  land  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga  county,  about  four  miles  northwest 
of  Ansonia.  He  cleared  up  a  part  of  this  land  and  otherwise  improved  it.  Six 
years  later  he  sold  the  property  and  purchased  a  third  interest  in  3,100  acres  of 
the  Babcock  estate,  on  Long  run,  in  Gaines  township,  retaining  a  mortgage  on  his 
first  farm.  Subsequently  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  Babcock  lands  to  Silas  X. 
Billings  and  bought  back  his  former  home  in  Shippen  township.  He  has  bought 
and  sold  several  farms  in  this  vicinity,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  three  farms  aggre- 
gating 334  acres.  Mr.  Woodruff  is  a  prudent,  successful  business  man,  energetic 
and  enterprising  in  whatever  he  undertakes,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  the  township.  On  February  30,  1861,  he  married  Sarah  A. 
Eichardson,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Caroline  (Merritt)  Eichardson,  of  Chemung 
county.  New  York.  The  following  children  were  bom  to  this  marriage:  Laura, 
wife  of  Eush  Culver,  United  States  land  agent  at  Marquette,  Michigan;  Nellie, 
wife  of  Melvin  Swope,  of  Shippen  township;  William  M.,  deceased;  Alvinza,  who 
lives  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  Lafayette,  a  resident  of  Chemung  county,  New 
York.  Mr.  Woodruff  is  a  Eepublica.n,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  auditor, 
school  director  and  clerk.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0. 
0.  P.,  of  Gaines. 

Asa  Wakeiner  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  September  28, 
1842,  a  son  of  William  L.  and  Naomi  (Chase)  Warriner,  of  that  township.  He 
obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his 
father  during  his  boyhood  days.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  working  in  the 
lumber  woods  on  Pine  creek  and  vicinity,  which  he  followed  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Eebellion.  On  July  34,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixth  Penn- 
sylvania Beserve,  and  served  with  his  regiment  until  July,  1862,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Battery  A,  First  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery.  His  command  was  a  part 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  July,  1863,  when  the  battery  was  sent  to  Norfolk, 
Virginia.  About  June,  1864,  it  Joined  the  Army  of  the  James,  at  Bermuda  Front. 
Mr.  Warriner  was  wounded  October  27,  1864,  at  Fair  Oaks,  receiving  a  gunshot 
in  the  left  leg,  and  was  sent  to  Hampton  General  Hospital.  He  was  discharged 
from  the  hospital  May  30,  1865,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  On 
March  14,  1866,  he  married  Josephine  Hoadley,  a  daughter  of  William  J.  and 
Eleanor  M.  (Wheeler)  Hoadley,  of  Delmar  township,  and  has  two  daughters: 
Edith  D.,  wife  of  Arthur  E.  Hawk,  of  Shippen,  and  Ina  M.,  wife  of  Clarence  B. 
Bradley,  of  the  same  township.     In  April,  1875,  Mr.  Warriner  purchased  sixty- 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.   *  981 

four  acres  of  land  on  Marsh  creek  in  Shippen  township,  and  has  since  given  his 
attention  to  its  improvement  and  cultivation.  In  politics,  a  Eepubliean,  he  has 
served  as  township  assessor  two  terms.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  George  Cook 
Post,  No.  315,  Gr.  A.  R.,  of  Wellsboro;  is  a  member  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  902,  P. 
of  H.,  of  Ansonia;  also  ofWashington  Camp,  No.  640,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  and  of  Mom- 
ing  Dawn  Lodge,  No.  61, 1.  0.  G.  T.,  both  of  Marsh  Creek. 

HoKACE  BuTLEE,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Hannah 
(Cross)  Butler,  of  that  State.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  in  early  manhood, 
but  later  gave  it  up  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  lumbering.  On  June 
34,  1837,  he  married  Polly  Ferry,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Polly  (Cross)  Ferry,  'of 
Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Ira  F.,  Charles,  Daniel,  Edward 
H.,  James  M.,  deceased;  Nelson,  and  Hiram,  deceased.  In  1855  Mr.  Butler  and 
family  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar  town- 
ship. He  lived  there  until  April,  1875,  when  he  sold  his  property  and  went  to 
North  Carolina.  He  bought  a  farm  in  that  State,  upon  which  he  resided  up  to 
Ms  death,  February  16,  1876.  Mrs.  Butler  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  subse- 
quently purchased  a  home  in  Delmar  township,  where  she  lived  until  1890.  She 
then  took  up  her  residence  with  her  son,  Edward  H.,  of  Shippen  township,  and 
died  March  17,  1894. 

Edwaed  H.  Btjtlee  was  bom  in  Munson  township,  Hampden  countv,  Massa- 
chusetts, September  17,  1843,  a  son  of  Horace  and  Polly  Butler,  and  was  eleven 
years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county.  He  was 
reared  upon  the  homestead,  and  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  and  in  the  lumber 
woods  until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old.  He  has  since  been  largely  connected  with 
the  lumber  interest,  working  in  the  woods  during  the  fall  and  winter  seasons  up 
to  within  a  few  years.  On  April  25,  1868,  he  married  Laura  E.  Hoadley,  a  daugh- 
ter of  William  J.  and  Eleanor  M.  (Wheeler)  Hoadley,  of  Delmar  township,  who 
has  borne  him  four  sons,  viz:  Leon  M.,  Clayton  W.,  Leverne  J.,  and  Ivan  E.  They 
have  also  an  adopted  daughter,  Mary  E.  Mr.  Butler  purchased  a  farm  in  Delmar 
township  near  Stony  Fork,  and  later  a  farm  on  Stony  Fork  creek,  in  the  same  town- 
ship. In  1876  he  sold  his  Delmar  property  and  bought  a  farm  on  Marsh  creek,  at 
the  mouth  of  Asaph  run,  in  Shippen  township.  This  he  sold  in  1885  and  pur- 
chased his  present  homestead,  in  the  same  vicinity.  He  has  improved  several 
farms,  erected  buildings,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  farming  and  lumbering. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has  served  as  township  supervisor  five  years. 

James  D.  Webstee,  son  of  Allen  and  Thanks  (Norton)  Webster,  was  bom 
May  34,  1834,  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  parents 
had  settled,  and  he  was  there  reared  to  manhood.  He  lived  on  the  homestead  farm 
until  his  majority,  and  for  the  five  succeeding  years  worked  for  Elliot  S.  Rose,  of 
Sullivan  township.  About  1861  he  purchased  a  farm  near  Mainesburg,  on  which 
he  lived  up  to  1865,  when  he  sold  out  and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Mans- 
field, which  he  continued  to  follow  some  eight  years.  In  March,  1876,  he  bought 
a  tract  of  eighty-four  acres  of  timber  land  in  the  south  part  of  Shippen  township, 
on  which  he  settled.  With  the  assistance  of  his  sons,  Mr. -Webster  has  cleared 
nearly  the  whole  tract,  erected  substantial  buildings,  and  otherwise  improved  the 
farm.    He  has  been  twice  married.    On  March  13, 1861,  he  married  Mary  Matteson, 


982  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


a  daughter  of  Solomon  and  Adaline  (McFeal)  Matteson,  of  Dundee,  Yates  county, 
New  York.  She  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Judd  Lew,  of  Shippen,  and  Merwin 
M.,  who  lives  with  his  father.  Mrs.  Webster  died  May  21,  1868,  and  was  interred 
in  the  Mansfield  cemetery.  On  April  2,  1871,  he  married  Permelia  E.  Perry,  a 
daughter  of  Marvin  and  Laura  (Gaylord)  Perry,  of  Eichmond  township.  Three 
children  were  bom  to  this  marriage,  as  follows:  "Walter  M.,  Mary,  who  died  at  the 
age  of  four,  and  Allen  J.  Both  the  sons  live  on  the  homestead  farm.  Mr.  Webster 
was  connected  with  the  lumber  business  to  a  considerable  extent  from  1876  to  1886, 
not  only  in  marketing  the  timber  from  his  own  land,  but  in  jobbing.  Since  the 
latter  year  he  has  given  his  attention  to  the  improvement  of  his  farm.  He  is  a 
charter  member  of  Mansfield  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  also  of  the  I.  0.  G.  T.  Since 
early  manhood  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Close  Communion  Baptist  church, 
and  is  a  deacon  in  the  Shippen  society. 

Judd  Lew  Webster  was  born  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  June  9, 
1862,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  James  D.  Webster.  In  1879  he  was  employed  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Joint  Land  and  Lumber  Company,  of  Williamsport,  and  went  to 
Telfair  county,  Georgia,  where  he  was  engaged  in  lumbering  six  months.  About 
1884  he  purchased  a  farm  adjoining  his  father's,  which  he  has  since  cleared  and 
improved.  He  has  also  jobbed  in  lumber  more  or  less  in  the  vicinity  of  Pine  creek. 
On  December  2,  1891,  he  married  Clara  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Lorenzo  and  Phoebe 
(Knowlton)  Miller,  of  Delmar  township,  and  the  following  year  located  on  his 
farm.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children,  Ola  A.  and  Glenn  D.  Mr.  Webster  is 
a  member  of  Castle,  No.  23,  K.  of  G.  E.,  of  Stony  Fork,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
farmers  of  Shippen  township. 

Jerry  C.  Darling,  a  son  of  Henry  and  Margaret  (Backus)  Darling,  residents 
of  Covington  township,  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county, 
May  9,  1866.  When  he  was  ten  years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Shippen  township, 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  district  in  which  they  lived.  After 
attaining  his  majority  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  worked  at  that  busi- 
ness some  four  years.  On  April  4,  1889,  he  married  Annie  E.  Copp,  a  daughter  of 
D.  L.  and  Sabrina  (Brewster)  Copp,  of  Shippen  township,  who  has  borne  him  two 
children,  viz:  Florence  A.,  born  June  21,  1892,  and  Mabel  A.,  March  11,  1895,  the 
latter  deceased.  After  working  on  a  farm  in  Shippen  township  for  one  year,  he, 
in  1891,  located  on  his  father's  farm,  on  Darling  ran.  He  was  also  engaged  in 
manufacturing  lumber  with  a  portable  mill  for  some  time.  Txl  September,  1895, 
he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  a  farm  of  127  acres,  located  in  the  northeast  comer 
of  Shippen  township,  known  as  the  E.  W.  Wheeler  farm,  which  is  a  well-improved 
property.  Mr.  Darling  lives  upon  and  cultivates  this  farm.  He  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  Dexter  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Delmar  township. 

James  C.  Hamilton  was  born  in  Holtown  township,  Penobscot  county,  Maine, 
December  25, 1847,  a  son  of  George  and  Eoxanna  (Farewell)  Hamilton,  of  the  same 
county.  In  1866  he  went  to  Cameron  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked 
until  the  spring  of  1867  and  then  came  to  Tioga  county  and  found  employment 
with  Perry  Smith,  at  that  time  a  resident  of  Gaines  township,  and  quite  an  ex- 
tensive lumberman.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  worked  in  Potter,  Tioga  and  Ly- 
coming counties  for  Mr.  Smith  up  to  his  marriage,  which  occurred  on  January  1, 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  9g3 


1870,  to  Susan  N.  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Perry  and  Louisa  (Else)  Smith.  Five  chiU 
dren  were  bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Sadie  L.,  wife  of  Samuel  Gee,  of  Shippesu 
township;  George  F.,  Lydia,  Alma  and  Joseph  J.  For  several  years  Mr.  Hamilton 
hved  on  Cedar  run,  near  Leetonia,  in  Elk  township,  where  he  was  employed  in 
jobbing.  In  1875-76  he  was  prospecting  in  Texas,  and  in  1877  came  to  Shippen 
township  and  purchased  a  farm  on  Marsh  creek,  near  Ansonia,  where  the  family 
has  since  resided.  Mr.  Hamilton  has  cleared  and  improved  the  property,  by  the 
erection  of  a  residence  and  out-buildings.  In  1884  he  went  to  Oregon,  leaving  his 
family  on  the  farm,  with  a  view  of  settling  in  that  state.  He  remained  in  Oregon 
three  years  and  a  half,  working  in  the  lumber  woods  most  of  the  time,  aind  became 
such  an  expert  in  driving  oxen,  which  were  the  practical  teams  used,  that  he  readily 
commanded  large  wages.  Since  1888  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  cultivating  his 
farm  during  the  summer  seasons,  and  has  lumbered  in  the  winter  time.  In  politics, 
he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  nearly  every  office  in  the  township,  being  at  present 
supervisor.  He  is  a  member  of  Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Westfield,  ' 
and  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  903,  P.  of  H.,  of  Ansonia,  in  both  of  which  he  takes  an 
active  interest. 

William  G.  Mason"  was  bom  in  Hamden,  Delaware  county,  New  York,  April 
30, 1838,  a  son  of  William  and  Nancy  (Harrower)  Mason,  of  the  same  county.  His 
father  was  a  farmer,  and  died  the  day  after  the  birth  of  our  subject,  who  lived  with  his 
mother  until  his  majority.  He  then  went  to  Colchester,  Delaware  county,  where  he 
married  Charlotte  Bradley,  a  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Catherine  (Williams)  Bradley, 
of  the  same  county.  Eight  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Nancy,  de- 
ceased; William,  a  resident  of  Cammal,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  who  has 
charge  of  the  track  work  on  the  Black  Forest  railroad;  Catherine,  deceased  wife 
of  Leander  Griswold;  Edwin  H.,  of  Shippen  tovmship;  Ida  S.,  deceased;  Charles 
A.,  of  Shippen  township;  Mary  A.,  deceased,  and  Phoebe  A.,  wife  of  Wilbiir  Butler, 
of  Shippen.  At  an  early  age  the  subject  of  this  sketch  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade,  which  busings  he  has  followed  a  portion  of  his  time.  Before  coming  to 
Tioga  coimty  he  was  engaged  in  lumbering,  taking  the  timber  from  the  stump, 
through  the  different  processes  of  manufacture,  and  converting  it  into  dwellings. 
About  1848  he  bought  a  farm  in  Colchester,  containing  a  saw-mill,  which  he  operated 
until  1854,  when  he  sold  the  property  and  removed  to  Lindley,  Steuben  county. 
He  purchased  a  farm  and  saw-mill  in  that  county,  which  he  conducted  success- 
fully up  to  1877,  in  which  year  he  sold  out  and  settled  in  Shippen  township,  Tioga 
county,  purchasing  a  farm  on  Marsh  creek,  near  the  mouth  of  Asaph  run.  He 
cleared  and  improved  this  property,  but  sold  it  in  1893  and  removed  to  Wellsboro, 
purchasing  five  dwelling  houses,  and  a  small  tract  of  land.  He  lived  there  up  to 
March,  1896,  when  he  rented  his  property  in  Wellsboro  and  retumed  to  Shippen 
township.  On  September  30,  1861,  Mr.  Mason  enlisted  in  Company  F,  First  New 
York  Light  Artillery,  which  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  re- 
enlisted  November  19, 1863,  and  was  honorably  discharged  June  30, 1865,  being  mus- 
tered out  of  service  at  Elmira,  New  York.  Mr.  Mason  is  a  member  of  George  Cook 
Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  E.,  also  of  Encampment,  No.  105,  U.  V.  L.,  of  Wellsboro.  Both 
he  and  wife  are  charter  members  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  903,  P.  of  H.,  and  are 


984  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

also  connected  with  "WellslDoro  Grange,  by  transfer.    They  are  members  of  the  Free 
Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  Mr.  Mason  is  a  EepubUcan. 

Pbtee  W.  Bkadley  was  bom  in  Colchester,  Delaware  county,  New  York,  June 
7, 1834,  a  son  of  EUjah  and  Catherine  (Williams)  Bradley,  of  that  county.  He  as- 
sisted his  father  on  the  farm  until  he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age.  In  September, 
1856,  he  married  Maria  Eowe,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Emily  (Seudder)  Kowe, 
of  Delaware  county,  New  York,  who  bore  him  one  child  that  died  in  infancy.  Mrs. 
Bradley  died  in  September,  1857,  and  on  October  20,  1859,  he  married  Calista  M. 
Tilford,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Tilford,  of  Delaware  county.  Six  children  were 
born  to  this  maixiage,  viz:  Lomsa  M.  and  Charles  S.,  both  deceased;  Augusta  A., 
wife  of  Coleman  Chaffee,  of  Pemberville,  Ohio;  Clarence  B.,  of  Shippen  town- 
ship; Mailon  H.,  deceased,  and  Florence  E.,  wife  of  Daniel  Douglass,  of  Shippen. 
Mrs.  Bradley  died  November  9,  1877,  and  he  was  again  married  August  17,  1881, 
to  Angelirie  Purman,  a  daughter  of  Coleman  and  Mary  J.  Purman,  of  Shippen 
township,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Bessie  L.,  and  died  in  November,  1889. 
About  1879  Mr.  Bradley  came  to  Tioga  county  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Shippen 
township,  on  which  Zura  Baker  now  lives.  Here  he  resided  up  to  1885,  when  he  sold 
it  and  purchased  sixty-three  acres  on  the  east  side  of  Marsh  creek,  which  he  has 
suice  made  his  home,  having  cleared  the  land  and  erected  substantial  buildings. 
On  September  10,  1863,  Mr.  Bradley  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Ninety-sevfnth  New 
York  Volunteers,  which  belonged  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Bristoe  Station,  Mine  Eun,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North 
Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  the  assault  on  Petersburg,  June  15  to 
19,  1864.  Here  he  was  wounded  by  a  minie-ball  through  the  left  foot  and  was  sent 
to  Lincoln  Hospital,  Washiagton,  D.  C,  and  finally  discharged  on  July  9,  1865. 
In  polities,  a  Eepubliean,  he  has  served  as  township  supervisor.  He  is  a  member  of 
Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  also  of  Shippen  Grange,  No.  903, 
P.  of  H.,  of  Ansonia. 

Elbkidgb  J.  Bradley  was  born  ta  Colchester,  New  York,.June  4,  1857,  a  son 
of  Isaac  and  Phoebe  (Eyant)  Bradley,  of  Delaware  county.  When  he  was  two  years 
old  his  father  died,  and  he  then  went  to  live  with  his  uncle,  Peter  W.  Bradley,  of  Col- 
chester township,  Delaware  county,  with  whom  he  remained  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  in  the  meantime  removing  to  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  about  1867, 
with  the  family.  Leaving  his  uncle's  home,  he  lived  about  a  yeax  in  Colchester,  and 
then  went  to  Onondaga  county,  where  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  He 
worked  at  that  business  in  Onondaga  and  Delaware  counties  up  to  1879,  ia  which 
year  he  came  to  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued 
working  at  his  trade.  On  June  2, 1881,  he  married  Helen  Cady,  a  daughter  of  Porter 
and  Catherine  (Paddock)  Cady,  of  Chatham  township,  who  has  borne  him  one  son, 
Linn  N.  In  1883  he  purchased  a  farm  on  Marsh  creek,  in  Shippen  township,  one 
mile  east  of  Ansonia,  on  which  he  settled  soon  after.  He  cleared  and  improved  this 
property,  and  has  since  cultivated  the  farm,  while  at  the  same  time  he  devotes 
considerable  attention  to  his  trade.  In  April,  1895,  he  leased  aad  took  charge  of 
the  hotel  at  Ansonia,  owned  by  the  Pennsylvania  Joint  Land  and  Lumber  Com- 
pany, of  Williamsport,  which  he  has  conducted  up  to  the  present.     Mr.  Bradley  is  a 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  985 


stanch  KepuWiean,  and  was  elected  township  auditor  in  February,  1896.  He  is 
also  a  memher  of  the  P.  0.  S.  of  A. 

Benjamin  F.  Wheelee  was  bom  in  East  Hamburg,  now  Orchard  Park,  Erie 
county,  New  York,  July  3, 1834,  a  son  of  Joseph  B.  and  Laura  M.  (Smith)  Wheeler, 
of  Hamburg  township,  Erie  county.  In  the  autumn  of  1836  his  parents  removed 
to  Seely  Creek,  New  York,  where  they  lived  for  six  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Oregon  HUl,  Lycoming  coimty,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  spring  of  1860,  after  the  death 
of  his  mother,  on  February  8,  of  that  year,  his  father  came  to  Delmar  township, 
Tioga  county,  and  purchased  a  farm  near  Stony  Fork.  He  was  a  carpenter,  and 
followed  his  trade  in  connection  with  farming.  Benjamin  F.  was  in  his  sixteenth 
year  when  they  came  to  Delmar,  and  he  made  his  home  with  Samuel  Scranton, 
his  brother-in-law,  until  1853.  In  that  year  he  went  to  Lynn  county,  Iowa,  where 
he  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  until  1855  and  then  returned  to  Stony  Fork, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  was  married,  January  11,  1856,  to  Lucy  A.  Warriner,  a 
daughter  of  William  L.  and  Naomi  (Chase)  Warriner,  of  Delmar  township.  Five 
children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Willis  F.,  of  Washington;  Martha 
A.,  wife  of  William  Francis;  of  Morris,  Tioga  coiuity;  Metta  E.,  wife  of  Walter 
S.  Brooks,  of  Wellsboro;  Eva  M.,  wife  of  Frank  L.  Beauge,  of  Landrus,  and  Maggie 
E.,  who  died  in  early  youth.  Mr.  Wheeler  bought  a  farm  at  Stony  Pork,  on  which 
he  lived  until  1886,  also  working  at  the  millwright's  trade  during  this  period.  In 
1886  he  removed  to  Wellsboro,  lived  there  up  to  1891,  and,  after  a  three  months'  resi- 
dence in  Petersburg,  Virginia,  purchased  a  home  on  Marsh  creek,  in  Shippen 
township,  where  he  is  now  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  industry.  In  politics,  a  Repub- 
hcan,  he  has  served  as  assessor,  constable  and  collector.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wheeler 
are  members  of  Morning  Dawn  Lodge,  No.  61,  I.  0.  G.  T.,  of  Marsh  Creek,  with 
which  order  they  have  been  connected  since  1887. 

Eli  Bartle,  a  son  of  Jacob  C.  and  Eunice  (Bacon)  Bartle,  and  grandson  of 
Augustus  Bartle,  Who  settled  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1841,  was  bom  in  Brown  township,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  September  13, 
1854.  When  he  was  two  years  old  his  parents  located  near  Stony  Fork,  in  Delmar 
township,  where  he  grew  to  maturity.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Wellsboro  Academy,  and  lived  at  home,  assisting  in  the  grist-mill 
and  on  the  farm,  until  he  was  twenty-six  years  of  age.  He  also  learned  the  car- 
penter's trade,  and  about  1880  found  employment  in  HoytviUe,  Morris  township, 
where  he  worked  two  years.  Eetuming  to  Delmar,  he  purchased  a  home  in  Stony 
Pork,  and  followed  the  carpenter's  trade  up  to  1886,  in  which  year  he  settled  on  his 
father's  farm  in  Delmar  and  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture.  Two  years  later 
he  purchased  an  improved  farm  of  100  acres  in  Shippen  township,  which  has  since 
been  his  home.  Mr.  Bartle  was  married  September  14,  1881,  to  Clara  A.  Frost,  a 
daughter  of  Ashabel  and  Adeline  (Morseman)  Frost,  of  Charleston  township,  and 
has  two  children,  Charles  L.  and  Edith  C.  Though  Mr.  Bartle  devotes  his  principal 
attention  to  farming,  he  occasionally  works  at  his  trade,  and  also  does  wagon  and 
sled  repairing.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F. 
Lodge,  of  Stony  Fork. 

Alexandee  Ebeeenz  was  bom  in  Baden,  Germany,  December  30,  1848,  and 
is  a  son  of  Ferdinand  Eberenz,  now  a  resident  of  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county. 


986  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

a  sketch  of  whom  will  be  foimd  in  this  work.  He  came  to  Tioga  county  with  his 
mother  in  early  childhood,  and  was  reared  in  Delmar  township,  where  he  also 
attended  the  common  schools.  When  about  fifteen  years  of  age  he  began  working 
ia  Hezekiah  StoweU's  saw-mill,  on  Pine  creek,  where  he  found  employment  two 
years.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  purchased  fifty  acres  of  timber  land  in  Delmar 
township,  and  began  clearing  off  the  forest.  He  sold  this  property  a  few  years  later 
to  Loron  Nobles,  and  bought  fifty  acres  in  the  same  township,  with  thirty  acres 
cleared,  on  which  he  erected  good  buildings.  He  also  owned  a  farm  of  forty  acres 
near  Wellsboro,  which  he  paid  for  out  of  his  own  earnings.  By  the  sale  of  these 
two  farms  he  was  able  to  pay  for  the  last  purchase,  iucluding  the  improvements,  on 
which  he  lived  about  eleven  years.  He  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  occasionally, 
but  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  farming.  In  1889,  after  a  tour  through  Mary- 
land, Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Tennessee  and  Delaware,  he  purchased  a  farm  near 
the  mouth  of  Asaph  run,  erected  a  house  and  other  buildings  and  lived  there  up  to 
the  autumn  of  1894,  when  he  sold  the  property,  but  has  since  resided  in  the  same 
neighborhood.  For  the  past  seven  years  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  Edwin 
Matson  &  Son,  lumber  manufacturers  and  dealers,  as  general  utility  man,  looking 
after  the  camps,  etc.  On  April  10,  1878,  he  married  Alma  Jane  Campbell,  a  daugh- 
ter of  King  Jerome  and  Charlotte  (Peterson)  Campbell,  of  Delmar  township,  who 
has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Hattie  Jane,  who  died  on  July  30, 1895,  and  Ethel 
May.  Mr.  Eberenz  is  a  member  of  Tyadaghton  Lodge,  No.  981,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and 
of  Asaph  Tent,  No.  183,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  of  Shippen  township.  Politically,  he  is  a 
stanch  Eepublican. 

Cheney  C.  Maynaed,  a  son  of  Orville  A.  and  Emily  (Gardner)  Maynard,  was 
bom  in  Covington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  7,  1860.  When 
he  was  a  child  his  parents  removed  to  a  farm  near  Canoe  Camp,  in  Eichmond  town- 
ship, where  they  resided  a  few  years  and  then  located  near  Mainesburg,  in  Sullivan 
township.  Cheney  C.  attended  the  public  schools  in  Eichmond  and  Sullivan,  and 
assisted  his  parents  on  the  farm.  His  mother  died  when  he  was  about 
fifteen  years  old,  and  he  was  then  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  and 
began  working  out  as  a  farm  hand.  On  January  1,  1883,  he  married 
Anna  B.  Webster,  a  daughter  of  Philander  and  Mary  (Eockwell)  Webster,  of  SulUvan 
township.  Six  children  have  been  bom  to  them,  as  follows:  Hobart,  Howard, 
Joseph,  Julia,  Damie  and  Homer,  all  of  whom  are  living  at  home.  In  1884  Mr. 
Maynard  located  upon  his  wife's  farm  in  Sullivan  township,  which  they  sold 
two  years  later  and  purchased  a  farm  at  Mainesburg,  upon  which  they  lived  until 
1889.  In  that  year  they  sold  this  property  and  bought  105  acres  in  Shippen  town- 
ship, on  which  they  have  since  lived.  Mr.  Maynard  has  given  his  attention  to 
farming  and  the  handling  of  produce.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  with  his 
wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0. 
0.  F.  at  Mainesburg. 


CHAPTEE  LXIIL 

BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 

Tioga  Township  and    Boeough  —  Lawrence  Township  and   Lawbenceville 
BOKOUGH— Jackson  Township. 


EiCHAED  Mitchell,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Tioga  county,  was  born  in 
Orange  county,  New  Jersey,  July  5,  1769,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  place. 
About  1791  he  and  his  brothers,  Thomas  and  Eobert  Mitchell,  removed  to  South- 
port,  Chemung  county,  Few  York.  A  year  later  he  and  Thomas  came  up  the  Tioga 
river  in  a  canoe  and  settled  at  what  has  since  been  known  as  Mitchell's  Creek,  in 
Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  On  August  15,  1792,  he  married 
Euby  Keeney,  who  was  bom  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  October  4,  1771.  Their 
eldest  child,  Edsell,  whom  his  descendants  claim  was  the  first  white  child  bom  in 
this  county,  was  bom  at  Mitchell's  Creek,  August  37,  1793.  They  were  also  the 
parents  of  the  following  named  children:  Lovina,  bom  August  36,  1795,  who 
married  John  Inscho;  Nancy,  bom  October  2,  1797,  who  died  in  youth;  Thomas 
K.,  bom  August  5,  1799;  Eichard,  bom  July  7,  1801,  and  William  K.,  bom  De*- 
cember  4,  1810.  Mr.  Mitchell  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  farming,  clearing 
and  improving  a  place  on  the  Tioga  river,  near  the  mouth  of  Mitchell's  creek. 
Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  March  11,  1847.  His  wife  died  August  14,  1843. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong,  athletic  build,  a  fine  type  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  who 
settled  in  the  forests  of  Tioga  county  and  by  their  energy  and  industry  laid  the 
foundations  of  its  present  prosperity.  At  the  time  of  his  settlement  the  country  was 
a  dense  wilderness,  with  a  few  cabins  near  the  junction  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque 
rivers,  and  perhaps  one  or  two  further  up  the  latter  stream;  but  he  lived  to  see  the 
county  thickly  settled  and  the  forest  gave  way  to  well-improved  farms  and  thriving 
towns. 

Thomas  K.  Mitchell,  second  son  of  Eichard  and  Euby  Mitchell,  was  bom  at 
Mitchell's  Creek,  Tioga  county,  August  5, 1799.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead 
farm  and  received  such  education  as  the  pioneer  subscription  schools  afforded.  In 
1826  he  married  Elizabeth  Eoe,  a  native  of  Delhi,  Delaware  county,  New  York, 
bom  August  15,  1809.  To  this  union  were  bom  the  following  named  children: 
Solon,  who  died  unmarried  December  2, 1848;  Mary  Ette,  who  married  G.  W.  Shear- 
down;  Almira,  who  married  E.  T.  Bentley;  Eowena,  who  married  Micajah  De 
Labar;  Euby,  who  died  December  28,  1854;  Thomas  B.  S.,  who  was  killed  by  the 
cars  at  Tioga,  December  2,  1893;  Jefferson  B.,  of  Plainfield,  Wisconsin;  John  I., 
president  judge  of  Tioga  county;  Elizabeth  J.,  wife  of  Leroy  Gleason,  of  Canton, 
Bradford  county;  Emily  A.,  wife  of  David  Cameron,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Jane  D.,  wife 
of  B.  B.  Borden,  of  Plainfield,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Mitchell  passed  his  whole  life  at 
Mitchell's  Creek,  engaged  in  farming,  lumbering  and  merchandising.     There  he 


HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


erected  in  1836,  tlie  year  of  his  marriage,  the  first  hrick  house  built  in  Tioga  county, 
and  kept  an  inn  in  it  for  a  number  of  years.  He  died  August  28,  1861.  His  widow 
died  at  the  home  of  her  son^  Thomas,  February  15,  1887.  In  religion,  the  family 
are  adherents  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  supporters  of  the  Eepubhcan 
party. 

EoBEKT  Mitchell,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the 
Tioga  vaJley.  He  was  born  July  18,  1779,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
about  the  year  1796,  settling  at  Mitchell's  Creek,  where  his  brothers,  Eichard  and 
Thomas  Mitchell,  who  came  into  the  county  in  1793,  were  then  living.  He  took  up 
and  cleared  a  farm  and  made  farming  the  occupation  of  his  life.  He  married 
Abigail  Ives,  who  bore  him  the  following  children-  John,  Thaddeus,  Parmenia, 
Cynthia,  who  married  Amasa  Mudge;  Lucy,  who  married  Alonzo  Phelps;  Lavina, 
who  married  Jonathan  Eoe;  Nancy,  who  married  Seth  Albee;  Eosina,  who  married 
George  Mitchell;  Abby,  who  married  WilHam  Butler;  Matilda,  who  married 
Samuel  Hartsock,  and  Euth,  the  only  one  now  living,  who  married  Dr.  Seely,  of 
Addison,  New  York.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  a  strong,  athletic,  vigorous  man,  and  was 
noted  for  his  superior  ability  as  a  wrestler.  He  was  also  industrious  and  hard-work- 
ing, and  did  his  share  as  a  pioneer  in  clearing  the  wilderness  in  the  midst  of  which 
he  settled. 

John  Mitchell,  eldest  son  of  Eobert  Mitchell,  was  born  at  Mitchell's  Creek, 
Tioga  county,  December  3,  1800,  and  there  grew  to  maturity.  He  married  Eliza^ 
beth  Hartsock,  who  was  born  November  19,  1810,  and  bore  him  the  following 
children:  Albert,  a  resident  of  Millerton;  Margaret,  wife  of  M.  K.  Eetan,  of  the  same 
village;  John,  deceased;  Thaddeus,  also  a  resident  of  Millerton;  George  W.,  who 
lives  in  Jackson  township;  Austin  and  Maiyette,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr. 
Mitchell  settled  on  Alder  run,  in  Jackson  township,  about  1836,  where  he  passed 
the  remaining  years  of  his  life.  He  cleared  a  farm  and  operated  a  saw-mill  at  that 
point,  and  died  March  18, 1870.    His  wife  died  on  April  6, 1885. 

Albert  Mitchell,  eldest  son  of  John  Mitchell,  and  grandson  of  Eobert 
Mitchell,  was  bom  at  Mitchell's  Crec'k,  Tioga  county,  August  30, 1839,  and  was  about 
seven  years  old  when  his  parents  removed  to  Jackson  township.  He  was  reared  upon 
the  homestead  farm,  and  received  the  usual  education  of  a  farmer's  son.  On  April 
39,  1853,  he  married  Mary  Deming,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Electa  (Dickinson) 
Demi  Tig,  early  settlers  of  Jackson  township.  Five  children  were  bom  to  this  mar- 
riage, viz:  Clark  E.,  deceased;  Eoss  A.,  the  present  treasurer  of  the  county;  Mary 
E.,  wife  of  John  Snyder;  John  S.  and  Bertha,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Mitchell  and  wife 
are  now  living  in  Millerton. 

Eoss  A.  Mitchell,  treasurer  of  Tioga  county,  was  born  in  Millerton,  Jack- 
son township,  February  13,  1856,  and  is  the  oldest  living  child  of  Albert  Mitchell. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  In  early  manhood 
he  taught  school  four  terms,  later  became  a  railroad  employe,  and  was  agent  and 
operator  for  several  years  at  Millerton  and  Covington.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  superinten- 
dent of  the  Covington  Glass  Works  in  1894-95.  In  the  fall  of  the  latter  year  he  was 
elected  on  the  Eepublican  ticket  treasurer  of  Tioga  county  and  is  now  filling  that 
office.  On  March  17,  1880,  he  married  Effie  A.  Hudson,  a  daughter  of  George  W. 
and  Eunice  Hudson,  of  Jackson  township,  and  has  four  children:  Albert,  Arthur, 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  989 


Bemice  and  Eva.  Mr.  Mitchell  is  an  excellent  business  man,  careful,  methodical 
and  reliable,  and  is  an  efficient  and  capable  official.  He  is  one  of  the  popular  mem- 
bers of  his  party,  and  is  also  connected  with  Covington  Lodge,  No.  374,  I  0.  0.  F. 

Nathan  Niles,  Se.,  a  descendant  of  Capt.  John  Niles,  of  Wales,  who  settled 
at  Baintree,  Massachusetts,  in  1630,  came  to  Pennsylvania  from  Hartford,  Connecti- 
cut, and  located  in  Tioga  township,  in  September,  1796.  This  date  is  established 
by  the  fact  that  his  fourth  son,  Augustus  Niles,  boi-n  February  6, 1793,  was  four  years 
of  age  when  the  family  settled.  Mr.  Niles'  father  was  a  physician,  and  also,  at  times, 
performed  the  duties  of  a  local  preacher  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  For  some 
years  previous  to  and  during  the  Eevolutionary  War,  Mr.  Niles  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  and  owned  several  vessels  in  the  coastwise  trade.  During  the 
struggle  for  independence  these  were  mostly  captured  by  British  cruisers,  thus 
depriving  him  of  the  bulk  of  his  fortune.  In  1796  he  invested  the  remnant  in 
Connecticut  titles  to  lands  in  Tioga  county  and  removed  hither  with  his  family. 
The  land  settled  upon  by  himself  and  family  was  the  most  southern  of  the  "Bar- 
tholomew and  Patton  tracts,  including  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek."  In  1797  he,  with 
many  others,  claiming  lands  under  Connecticut  titles,  were  arrested  on  a  charge  of 
violating  the  Intrusion  Law,  taken  to  Williamsport,  and  there  tried  and  acquitted. 
A  full  account  of  the  trial  will  be  found  in  a  preceding  chapter.  He  finally  obtained 
a  valid  title  to  his  land  through  the  Pennsylvania  Bank.  Mr.  Niles  married  Irene 
Eussell  in  Connecticut,  and  their  children  were:  Irene,  who  married  Major  William 
Eathbone;  Nathan,  Aaron,  Erastus,  Augustus,  Kodney,  Clarissa,  who  became  the 
wife  of  John  Beecher;  Violetta,  who  majried  John  Daily,  and  Temperance,  who 
married  Timothy  Brace.  Of  the  sons,  Nathan,  moved  into  Charleston  township; 
Aaron  and  Erastus  into  Delmar,  and  Kodney  into  Eutland.  Augustus  remained 
on  the  homestead  in  Tioga  township  until  his  death.  Mr.  Niles  was  commissioned 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  township  of  Tioga,  January  7,  1808,  while  it  was  yet 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  Lycoming  county,  and  his  name  frequently  occurs  in  the 
early  records.  He  served  as  a  county  commissioner  from  September,  1808,  to  Oc- 
tober, 1811,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Samuel  W.  Morris.  He  was  also  collector  of 
taxes  for  the  year  1804  under  the  Lycoming  county  control  of  Tioga  township. 
When  Wellsboro  was  founded  Mr.  Niles  became  identified  with  the  interests  of  the 
town.  The  residence  of  his  sons  in  Delmar  also  tended  to  bring  him  into  closer 
communion  with  the  people  of  the  county  seat.  It  is  regretted  that  the  Bible  record 
of  his  birth  and  death,  as  also  that  of  his  wife,  was  lost  in  the  destruction  by  fire 
of  the  house  of  his  grandson,  A.  E.  Niles,  in  October,  1878.  He  died  about  1837,  in 
the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age,  which  shows  that  he  was  bom  about  1753.  He  left 
as  a  legacy  to  his  descendants  an  honored  name  and  an  unsullied  reputation.  He 
was  familiarly  known  as  "Squire  Niles."  He  was  not  the  man  to  seek  notoriety; 
was  plain  and  unobtrusive,  conscientious,  and -well  disposed  towards  his  fellow- 
men.  He  left  numerous  descendants,  all  of  whom  were  not  only  honored  through 
life,  but  many  of  them  attained  to  high  distinction  in  professional,  political  and 
military  station. 

Nathan  Niles,  Jr.,  eldest  son  of  Nathan  Niles,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Hebron,  Con- 
necticut, in  1783,  and  came  to  Tioga  township  with  his  parents  in  1796.  In  1809 
he  married  Euth  Gitchell,  a  sister  of  Elder  and  Benjamin  Gitchell,  and  his  chil- 


990  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

dren  were  Col.  Alanson  E.  Mies  and  Mrs.  John  F.  Donaldson.  Mr.  Niles  lived  on 
his  farm  in  Charleston,  just  outside  the  borough  limits,  but,  as  was  the  custom 
in  those  days,  all  those  who  lived  near  the  lines  were  claimed  as  practically  belongiag 
to  the  borough.  In  January,  1813,  he  was  appointed  a  county  commissioner  and 
served  until  the  following  October.  He  always  took  a  deep  interest  in  Wellsboro 
affairs,  and  when  the  Academy  was  incorporated  in  1817,  he  was  named  as  one  of 
the  trustees,  and  held  the  office  until  1838,  serving  in  the  meantime  as  treasurer.  As 
a  citizen  he  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  public,  and  was  fully  entitled  to  that 
best  of  all  appellations,  "a  good  man."  He  did  not  seek  notoriety,  being  very  much 
like  his  father,  and  never  put  himself  forward.  Though  a  man  of  good  general  in- 
formation, of  fair  education,  and  capable  of  filling  any  office  in  the  county  with  credit 
to  himself  and  friends,  he  preferred  the  quiet  of  a  farmer's  life,  rather  than  the  per- 
plexities of  public  office.  So  high  was  he  regarded,  that,  "as  honest  as  Nathan  Niles" 
was  as  good  a  recommendation  as  any  man  could  desire.  He  died  March  3,  1830,  in 
his  forty-ninth  year. 

Aaeon  Niles,  the  second  son  of  Nathan  Niles,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Hebron,  Connec- 
ticut, June  27, 1784,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  when  it  was  comparatively 
a  wilderness.  He  endured  all  the  trials  and  sufferings  incident  to  the  lives  of 
pioneers,  and  gave  his  full  share  of  labor  toward  reclaiming  the  countrj'  from  its 
wilderness  condition.  In  June,  1807,  he  married  Deborah  Ives,  a  daughter  of 
Cornelius  Ives,  of  Tioga.  About  1810  he  purchased  wild  land  in  Delmar  and 
cleared  a  farm,  which  he  occupied  for  ten  years.  In  1820  he  sold  out  and 
removed  to  Middlebury  township,  settling  at  what  is  now  known  as  Niles 
Valley,  where  he  cleared  a  valuable  farm.  Mr.  Niles  and  wife  had  issue: 
Clarinda,  bom  June  12,  1808;  Philander,  March  13,  1811;  Erastus,  April 
17,  1814;  Lucinda,  August  28,  1816;  Sylpha,  August  29,  1818;  Irena,  Au- 
gust 28, 1820;  Betsey,  March  13, 1822,  and  Russell,  August  20, 1826.  The  majority 
are  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Deborali  Niles  died  in  1830,  and  March  4,  1833,  he  married 
Mrs.  Betsey  Kilboume,  bom  May  5, 1798.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Rufus  Butler,  who 
came  from  Vermont  about  the  beginning  of  this  century,  and  the  widow  of  John  Eal- 
bourne.  The  issue  of  this  marriage  was  one  son,  Jerome  B.,  bom  September  35, 
1834,  who  has  attained  distinction  as  a  lawyer  and  politician,  and  a  sketch  of  whose 
life  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  "The  Bench  and  Bar."  The  last  wife  of  Mr. 
Niles  died  at  the  homestead  in  Niles  Valley,  June  3,  1863,  aged  a  little  over  sixty- 
five  years.  In  1865  Mr.  Niles  went  to  live  with  his  youngest  son,  Hon.  Jerome  B. 
Niles,  at  whose  home  in  Wellsboro  he  died,  February  22,  1872,  in  the  eighty-eighth 
year  of  his  age.  Like  his  honored  father,  he  was  a  man  of  inflexible  integrity  and 
undaunted  courage,  and  was  widely  known  as  an  energetic,  industrious  and  public- 
spirited  citizen. 

Augustus  Niles,  fourth  son  of  Nathan  Niles,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, February  6, 1792,  and  was  between  four  and  five  years  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  eoimty.  He  was  reared  a  farmer,  and  spent  his  life  on  the  old  home- 
stead in  Tioga  township,  where  he  died  October  27,  1841,  in  his  fiftieth  year.  He 
married  Anna  Adams,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  also  an  early  settler  of 
Tioga  township.  She  died  in  December,  1886,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  her  age. 
Their  children  were  as  follows:  Augustus  E.,  a  resident  of  Tioga  township;  Byrott 


BIOGHAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  99I 


B.;  a  grain  dealer  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  and  Julia  A.,  who  married  Whiting  Miller, 
and  died  at  the  home  of  her  brother,  Augustus  E.,  March  16,  1894. 

Attgustus  E.  Niles,  eldest  child  of  Augustus  Niles,  and  grandson  of  Nathan 
Niles,  Sr.,  was  bom  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Tioga  township,  March  36,  1819,  and 
upon  the  death  of  his  father  took  charge  of  the  same.  He  has  spent  his  entire  life 
thereon,  devoting  his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits.  On  January  18,  1853,  he 
married  Belinda  Bridgeman,  and  has  two  sons,  viz:  Augustus,  a  physician  of  Wells- 
boro,  and  Henry  C.  The  latter  was  bom  on  the  home  farm  January  33,  1857;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  district;  was  married  on  November  16,  1893, 
to  Nellie  Cochran,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Ellen  (Beam)  Cochran,  and  has  charge 
of  the  old  homestead.  In  politics,  Mr.  Niles  was  originally  a  Whig,  but  has  been  a 
Eepublican  since  the  organization  of  that  party.  He  has  filled  the  offices  of  col- 
lector and  supervisor  of  the  township,  the  latter  for  twenty-nine  years.  Mr.  Niles 
is  a  member  of  Tioga  River  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Uriah  Spencek  was  a  man  of  considerable  note  in  early  days.  He  first  came 
into  the  Tioga  valley  in  1794,  having  purchased  under  the  Connecticut  title  the 
township  of  Hamilton,  now  embraced  within  the  boundaries  of  Lawrence  and  Tioga 
townships.  He  also  bought  the  improvements  of  William  Holden,  and  continued  to 
sell  his  lands  under  the  Connecticut  title  until  the  spring  of  1797,  when  he  and 
twenty-one  other  pioneers  of  the  Tioga  and  Cowanesque  valleys  were  arrested  under 
the  Intrusion  Law  and  taken  to  Williamsport,  where  they  were  subsequently  tried 
and  acquitted.  A  few  years  later  Mr.  Spencer  removed  to  the  village  of  Tioga,  where 
he  opened  the  first  blacksmith  shop  at  that  point,  and  afterwards  operated  a  saw- 
mill. His  first  wife,  who  was  Deborah  Elliott,  of  Guilford,  Connecticut,  died  in 
November,  1802,  and  was  buried  in  the  Lawreneeville  cemetery.  She  left  four  chil- 
dren, two  daughters  and  two  sons.  As  early  as  1804  he  was  married  again,  his  second 
wife  being  Eleanor  Boher.  By  her  he  had  seven  children,  three  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. On  the  establishment  of  the  postoffice  at  Tioga,  January  1,  1805,  he  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster,  it  being  the  first  in  the  county.  In  1810  he  was  elected  a 
county  commissioner;  was  prothonotary  from  1818  to  1831,  and  again  from  1834 
to  1830.  During  his  last  two  terms  he  also  served  as  register  and  recorder.  Through 
his  influence  his  son-in-law,  Levi  Vail,  was  appointed  county  treasurer  in  1837. 

On  account  of  his  many  years  of  public  life  he  becanie  one  of  the  leading  poli- 
ticians of  the  county.  In  1836  he  was  a  candidate  for  Congress,  and  John  Eyon,  Jr., 
and  Asa  Mann  were  his  conferees.  The  nominating  convention  met  at  Muncy, 
Lycoming  being  one  of  the  counties  composing  the  IXth  Congressional  district, 
but  he  failed  to  secure  the  nomination. 

Mr.  Spencer  was  also  one  of  the  committee  chosen  in  1836  to  draft  an  address 
to  the  governor  of  New  York  in  furtherance  of  a  canal  from  the  head  of  Seneca 
lake  to  the  Pennsylvania  line,  to  be  continued  thence  by.  Pennsylvania  authority 
to  the  coal  mines  at  Blossburg.  He  and  Judge  Morris  were  chosen  a  committee 
to  present  the  petition  to  the  legislatitre  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Spencer  visited 
Albany  for  that  purpose  in  the  month  of  Febmary,  1837.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
original  incorporators  of  the  Tioga  Navigation  Company.     He  was  one  of  the  most 


992  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COTJNTT. 

influential  citizens  of  the  county  up  to  about  1835,  when  he  lost  his  property  and 
his  influence. 

Notwithstanding  his  long  residence  in  Wellshoro,  Mr.  Spencer  had  contracted 
a  violent  hatred  of  the  town,  and  especially  of  some  of  its  leading  citizens.  This 
dislike  had  its  beginning  in  1818,  when,  by  reference  to  the  history  of  the  old 
Academy,  it  will  be  seen  that  he  was  refused  the  loan  of  $500  by  the  trustees  of 
that  institution,  because  the  security  he  offered  was  not  considered  good.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  trustees,  but  was  not  re-elected  in  1818.  This  seems  to  have  so 
incensed  him  that  ever  after  he  was  a  bitter  enemy  of  the  school.  Later,  in  the 
attempt  to  remove  the  county  seat  to  Tioga,  he  was  a  prominent  actor  in  the  move- 
ment. Mr.  Spencer  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions.  One  who  knew  him  weU 
has  left  this  analysis  of  his  character: 

He  was  no  hypocrite.  He  had  never  studied  the  art  of  blarney,  nor  did  he  duly 
appreciate  the  true  value  of  soft  soap  in  managing  men.  What  he  thought  he  said.  He 
was  not  an  adept  in  the  use  of  those  soft  words  that  turn  away  wrath.  He  was  a  man  of  a 
good  deal  of  natural  talent,  though  deficient  in  early  education ;  was  a  Democrat  of  the 
strictest  sect,  and  never  strayed  from  the  fold  or  went  after  other  gods.  He  was  a  good 
hater  and  a  warm  friend ;  was  never  accused  of  dishonesty,  or  of  altering  his  opinion  when 
he  had  once  expressed  it. 

In  the  closing  years  of  his  life  his  mind  began  to  waver,  and  he  dwelt  much 
on  his  early  land  troubles,  caused  by  purchasing  Connecticut  titles.  His  son,  George, 
held  a  clerkship  in  the  postoffice  department  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  while  on 
a  visit  to  his  son's  home  in  Georgetown,  about  1850,  he  died,  aged  eighty  years,  and 
was  buried  there.  His  widow,  Eleanor,  removed  to  Mainesburg,  and  died  some  two 
years  later. 

Nicholas  Prtjtsman,  Sb.,  a  native  of  Hamburg,  Germany,  immigrated  to 
Pennsylvania  towards  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth  century  anH  located  near  Easton. 
He  had  quite  a  large  family,  and  in  1802  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  settled  a  short 
distance  below  the  site  of  Tioga  village.  His  three  sons,  Jacob,  Adam  and  Nicholas, 
Jr.,  came  in  1804,  but  the  two  last  soon  removed  to  New  York  state,  leaving  Jacob 
and  their  father  in  Tioga  county.  The  latter  erected  a  grist-mill,  which  he  operated 
until  it  burned  down.    He  died  about  1810. 

Jacob  Peutsman  came  to  this  county  with  his  two  brothers  in  1804.  He  had 
previously  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade,  which  he  followed  many  years,  and 
also  owned  and  cu^iivated  a  farm.  He  married  Mary  Miller,  who  became  the 
mother  of  fourteen  children,  viz:  Polly,  John,  Abram,  Elizabeth,  Jacob,  Andrew  M., 
Adam,  Sarah,  Catherine,  Susan,  Eunice,  Eachel,  Mary  and  George,  only  one  of 
whom  is  living,  Adam,  a  resident  of  Hlinois.  Mrs.  Prutsman  died  in  1847,  aged 
seventy-one  years,  and  her  husband,  in  1863,  aged  eighty-nine. 

Andbbw  M.  Peutsman  was  bom  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1807, 
fourth  son  of  Jacob  Prutsman.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead,  and  in  1830  mar- 
ried Mary  A.  Bentley,  a  daughter  of  Benjajjiin  Bentley.  She  was  bom  in  this  county 
in  1809,  and  bore  him  six  children,  named  as  follows:  Martha  J.,  bom  December 
17,  1831,  and  married  Robert  H.  Brown,  of  Canisteo,  New  York,  in  1859,  who  died 
in  1862;  Christian  M.,  who  served  as  a  Ueutenant  in  the  Union  army  in  the  Re- 
bellion, and  now  resides  in  Nebraska;  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Edwin  Spaulding,  of  Coming, 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  993 


New  York;  Lindley  H.,  who  died  while  serving  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the 
late  war;  Henrietta  M.,  wife  of  John  H.  Pattison,  of  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Melville  B.,  an  engineer  on  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  who  resides  at  Newberry 
Junction,  Lycoming  county.'  Mr.  Prutsman  died  in  1890,  and  his  wife,  in  1891, 
each  at  the  age  of  eighty-two-  years. 

Capt.  Ltman  Adams  was  horn  in  Lenox,  Massachusetts,  April  12,  1775,  and 
married  Sophia  Mantor,  born  April  31, 1782.  In  the  spring  of  1804  they  came  from 
Tinmouth,  Eutland  county,  Termont,  to  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  airiv- 
ing  at  their  destination  on  July  4.  They  were  accompanied  by  their  three  daughters, 
Anna,  Susan  and  Sophia,  and  the  following  children  were  born  to  them  in  this 
county:  Phoebe,  Lucy,  Maria,  Lyman  N.,  "William,  Julia,  Jane,  Hiram  and  Mary  B. 
Anna  became  the  wife  of  Augustus  Mies;  Susan  married  Lorain  Lamb;  Sopbia  re- 
mained unmarried;  Phoebe  married  Amos  Utley;  Lucy  married  Sullivan  Power; 
Maria  married  G.  E.  Lillibridge;  Julia  married  Samuel  Naglee;  Jane  mapried  W. 
E.  Crane,  and  Mary  B.,  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Cole.  The  only  survivors  are 
Juha,  Hiram  and  Mary  B.  After  living  a  short  time  in  Tioga,  Mr.  Adams  removed 
to  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  where  he  kept  a  store  and  tavern  during  the  War  of 
1812,  and  also  followed  farming.  Subsequently  removing  to  "Wellsboro,  he  cpn- 
ducted  a  hotel  there  until  1827,  when  he  returned  to  Tioga  township  and  resumed 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  served  as  collector  of  taxes  in 
Tioga  township  in  1809-10,  and  also  as  constable  for  many  years.  Captain  Adams' 
died  June  27, 1847,  and  Ms  wife,  July  1, 1868. 

Ltman  N.  Adams,  son  of  Capt.  Lyman  Adams,  was  bom  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga 
county,  and  grew  to  maturity  in  Tioga  township.  He  engaged  in  the  butchering, 
business,  which  he  followed  during  his  residence  in  Tioga  borough,  where  he  located 
in  the  thirties.  He  married  Caroline  Mantor,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  three  chil- 
dren, viz:  Frank  H.,  of  Tioga;  Mary,  wife  of  Jude  Sweet,  of  Niles  Valley,  and 
Charles,  deceased.  Mr.  Adams  died  November  18, 1880,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his 
age.    His  widow  is  stiU  living  in  Tioga. 

Feank  H.  Adams,  only  living  son  of  Lyman  N.  Adams,  and  grandson  of  Capt. 
Lyman  Adams,  was  bom  in  Tioga  borough,  Tioga  county,  April  19,  1843.  He 
received  a  common  school  education  and  later  began  clerking  in  the  store  of  Thomas 
L.  Baldwin,  whom  he  bought  out  in  1865  and  has  since  conducted  the  business 
successfully.  He  carries  a  stock  valued  at  $10,000,  and  owns  the  building  in  which 
his  store  is  located.  Mr.  Adams  is  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  Tioga,  as  well 
as  a  progressive,  public-spirited  citizen.  September  26,  1868,  he  married  Ellen 
M.  Carpenter,  a  daughter  of.  A.. Carpenter,  of  "Warsaw,  New  York,  and  has  one  son, 
Walter  C.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  He  is  connected  vdth  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  P.  &  A.  M.;  Tioga  Eiver 
Lodge,  No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  Phoenix  Lodge,  No.  933,  K.  of  H.,  in  all  of  which 
he  takes  an  active  interest. 

Iea  McAllistee  was  bom  in  Chenango  county,  New  York,  November  24, 1789. 
When  about  eight  years  old  he  came  with  Ambrose  Millard  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  later  years  settled  on  the  site  of  Tioga  village.  In  January,  1824,  he  mar- 
ried Mary  P.  Hall,  a  daughter  of  Eoland  Hall.  She  was  bom  NovembeT  9,  1788, 
and  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Thomas  and  Eliza,  twins,  bom 
63 


994  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

September  19,  1835,  and  E.  P.  H.,  who  lives  in  Tioga.  Mr.  McAllister  was  a 
blacksmith  and  worked  at  his  trade  for  a  number  of  years.  He  died  on  March  29, 
1854,  and  his  wife,  December  31,  1870. 

R.  P.  H.  McAllister,  youngest  child  of  Ira  McAllister,  was  bom  in  Tioga 
village,  Tioga  county,  August  17,  1828.  He  received  a  common  school  education, 
and  after  arriving  at  manhood  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering.  In  1871  he 
furnished  the  ties  for  the  Fall  Brook  railroad.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  road 
he  was  appointed  ticket  and  freight  agent  at  Tioga  village,  a  position  he  held 
twenty-three  years,  resigning  July  1,  1894,  because  of  ill  health.  Mr.  McAllister 
was  married  September  5,  1853,  to  Phoebe  C.  Hall,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  R. 
and  Deborah  Hall.  Six  children  were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Mary,  who  died 
July  5,  1889;  David  C,  a  resident  of  Tioga;  Bennie  R.,  who  died  in  youth,  and 
three  that  died  in  infancy.  In  politics,  Mr.  McAllister  is  a  Democrat,  and  has 
filled  the  offices  of  constable,  justice  of  the  peace,  school  director,  collector  and 
supervisor.  In  religion,  he  is  a  TJniversalist,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Tioga 
River  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.  He  built  and  at  one  time  owned  every  house 
in  Tioga  village,  and  still  owns  a  number  of  them.  He  has  made  an  honorable 
record  as  an  enterprising  and  public-spirited  citizen. 

David  C.  McAllister,  postmaster  of  Tioga,  is  a  native  of  that  borough  and  a 
son  of  R.  P.  H.  McAllister.  '  He  was  reared  and  educated  in  Tioga,  and  in  1889  em- 
barked in  merchandising  in  Tioga  village,  as  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  McAllister 
&  Shay.  In  1891  he  bought  his  partner's  interest  and  continued  the  business  alone 
until  1893,  when  he  sold  out.  On  February  10,  1893,  he  was  appointed  postmaster 
of  Tioga,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  James  T.  Davis,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  McAllister  was  married  to  Ruth  H.  Daily,  a  daughter 
of  V.  B.  and  Mary  Daily,  October  10,  1888,  and  has  three  children:  Edna,  Beatrice 
and  Bennie.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  served  as  township  collector  in 
1890.  Mr.  McAllister  is  a  member  of  Tioga  River  Lodge,  No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and 
also  of  Lawrenceville  Encampment.  He  is  one  of  the  respected  and  popular  citi- 
zens of  his  native  place. 

Obadiah  Inscho  was  bom  in  Delaware,  in  1758,  and  was  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  pioneer  families  of  that  State.  He  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  with 
his  family,  in  1798,  and  settled  on  the  east  side  of  the  Tioga  river,  a  short  distance 
above  the  site  of  Lawrenceville.  Here  he  cleared  and  improved  a  farm,  upon 
which  he  died.  May  9,  1830,  aged  sixty-two  years,  and  was  buried  in  the  Bentley 
graveyard.  His  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Judith  Jennings,  survived  him  until 
August  10,  1842.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Polly,  who  married  Dr.  Simeon 
Power;  John,  Moses,  Isaiah,  Rachel,  James,  Thomas,  Obadiah,  Lavina  M.,  who 
married  John  Kemp;   Solomon,  Ruth,  who  married  Asa  Lincoln,  and  Robert. 

John  Inscho,  eldest  son  of  Obadiah  and  Judith  Inscho,  was  bom  November 
1,  1789,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1798. 
He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  married  Lavina  Mitchell,  a  daughter  of 
Richard  Mitchell,  Sr.  She  was  bom  at  Mitchell's  Creek  August  26,  1795.  After 
their  marriage  they  settled  in  Tioga  township,  locating  a  little  north  of  her  father's 
place,  at  Mitchell's  Creek.  The  following  children  were  bom  to  them:  Richard 
J.,  Ruby  K.,  wife  of  Alpheus  Keeney;    Obadiah,  Judith  J.,  wife  of  Rev.  Samuel 


BIOGEAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  995 


Broakman;  John  J.,  William  M.,  Thomas  M.  and  Lavina  M.  Mr.  Inscho  died 
April  20, 1865,  and  his  wife,  Noyember  11,  1861. 

EiCHARD  J.  Inscho,  eldest  son  of  John  and  Lavina  Inscho,  was  bom  on  the 
homestead  in  Tioga  township,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  married  Euth  P.  Parshall, 
a  daughter  of  Asa  and  Susan  (Keeney)  Parshall.  For  a  number  of  years  after  his 
marriage  he  resided  in  Jackson  township,  then  purchased  the  Prutsman  farm,  just 
north  of  Tioga  borough,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  By  his  mar- 
riage to  Euth  B.  Parshall,  he  became  the  father  of  the  following  children:  Susan 
K.,  wife  of  Seth  Snell,  of  Woodstock,  Maryland;  Lavina  M.,  deceased  wife  of  Ira 
H.  Ayres,  of  Jackson  township;  Asa,  deceased;  John  L.,  of  Tioga  borough;  Jesse 
P.,  of  Elmira,  New  York;  Albert,  deceased;  William  W.,  of  New  Camp,  Penn- 
sylvania; E.  Louisa,  wife  of  T.  F.  Eolason,  of  Mansfield;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Dr. 
J.  W.  Stewart,  of  Big  Plats,  New  York,  and  Eva  B.,  wife  of  Charles  T.  Ehodes, 
of  Tioga.    Mr.  Inscho  died  January  20,  1875.     His  widow  is  a  resident  of  Tioga. 

John  L.  Inscho,  eldest  living  son  of  Eiehard  J.  Inscho,  was  bom  in  Jackson 
township,  Tioga  county,  April  11,  1844,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm. 
He  received  a  common  school  education,  supplemented  by  a  course  at  the  Elmira 
Commercial  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1865.  He  remained  on  the  farm 
imtil  1873,  when  he  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Holiday.  In  1875  he  removed 
to  Tioga  and  carried  on  a  meat  market  and  grocery  there  for  several  years.  He 
is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Alford  &  Inscho,  coal  dealers,  and  also  of  Inscho 
&  Kimball,  hardware  merchants.  Mr.  Inscho  was  married  February  13,  1868,  to 
Mary  E.  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Cephas  C.  and  Lucy  D.  (Kelley)  Miller,  and  has  had 
two  children,  Lena  M.  and  Ida  M.,  the  latter  of  whom  died  June  17,  1882.  Mrs. 
Inscho's  father  resides  at  Mill  Creek,  Tioga  township;  her  mother  died  March  17, 
1892,  aged  seventy  years.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in 
polities,  Mr.  Inscho  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  stands  high  in  the  respect  and  esteem  of 
the  community  in  which  he  lives. 

Alvah  C.  BtrsH  was  bom  in  Bainbridge,  New  York,  November  13,  1804,  on 
the  place  originally  located  by  his  father  and  now  owned  by  his  youngest  brother, 
Hon.  Joseph  Bush.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Betsey  (Strong)  Bush,  were  pioneers 
of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  the  first  house  in  Bainbridge  having  been  erected 
by  his  grandfather,  Elnathan  Bush.  Alvah  C.  early  displayed  great  energy  and  a 
decided  preference  for  an  active  business  career.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he 
embarked  in  merchandising  and  lumbering,  and  by  enterprise,  industry  and  the 
exercise  of  good  judgment  his  ventures  proved  successful.  Desirous  of  finding  a 
more  favorable  field  of  operation,  he  spent  the  years  of  1830  and  1831  in  traveling 
over  the  West,  and  in  the  latter  year  located  in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania.  Here  in  part- 
nership with  his  brother,  Jabin  S.,  he  engaged  in  merchandising  and  lumbering 
on  an  extensive  scale,  and  through  his  untiring  energy  became  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Tioga  county.  About  1872  he  began  operating  in  Wall  street, 
New  York,  his  ventures  there  also  proving  successful  and  adding  to  his  reputation 
as  an  able  and  sagacious  financier.  During  the  last  fourteen  yeajs  of  his  life  he 
and  his  wife  spent  their  winters  in  New  York  City  and  their  summers  in  Tioga. 
His  Tioga  residence  was  erected  in  1841,  and  is  one  of  the  ideal  homes  of  the  county, 
as  well  as  one  of  the  landmarks  of  the  borough.     Mr.  Bush  was  married  in  March, 


996  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

1831,  to  Ellen  Bigelow,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  Levi  Bigelow,  and  a  native  of 
Bainbridge,  Chenango  county,  New  York,  whO'  came  to  Tioga  about  1850.  During 
his  lifetime  Mr.  Bigelow  occupied  a  number  of  positions  of  trust  and  honor,  among 
them  that  of  judge  of  the  circuit  court.  Mrs.  Bush  died  December  3, 1831,  leaving 
an  infant  daughter,  now  Mrs.  John  A.  Mathews,  of  Winona,  Minnesota.  He  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife  her  sister,  Anna  Bigelow,  also  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Frederick 
E..  Smith;,  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Bush  was  a  Democrat,  in  politics,  but  never  sought  or 
held  office,  although  he  took  a  citizen's  interest  in  public  matters.  He  was  fore- 
mosti  in  every  movement  or  enterprise  calculated  to  promote  the  growth  and  pros- 
perity of  the  borough.  In  1873  he  established  Bush  Park,  on  the  hillside  east  of 
town,  as- a  free  pleasure  resort  for  the  ptiblic.  He  was  known  as  a  targ&-hearted, 
public-spirited  man;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  business  matters;  untiring  in 
energy,  and  well  informed  upon  everything  relating  to  the  commercial  interests  of 
the  country..  In  his  reading  and  studies  he  kept  pace  with  the  advanced  thought 
of  the  day.  Mr.  Bush  died  on  October  14,  1880,  after  an  earnest  and  useful  life  of 
seventy-six  years.  His  widow  survived  until  August  11,  1895.  She  was  a  woman 
of  culture  and  refined  tastes,  whose  kindly  acts,  unostentatiously  performed,  gave 
her  a  high  place  in  the  esteem  and  regard  of  all  within  the  circle  of  her  acquaintance. 
Fbedbhick  Emeeson  Smith  was  born  at  Amherst,  Hampshire  county,  Massa- 
chusetts;  Ifovember  15, 1822.  His  father  was  Samuel  Smith,  whose  ancestors  landed 
in  this  country,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  river,  about  1635,  and  thence  found 
their  way  upward  and  settled  along  upon  its  banks.  His  mother,  Mary  (Hastings) 
Smith,  was-  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Hastings,  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  the  fourth 
bearing  that  name  in  direct  descent  from  Deacon  Thomas  Hastings,  an  emigrant 
from  Ipswich,  England,  in  the  year  1634,  and  through  him  the  family  lineage  runs 
back  to  a  younger  brother  of  Sir  Henry  Hastings,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  a  grandson 
of  Lord  William  Hastings,  a  Yorkist  Nobleman,  bom  in  1430,  the  family  being  one 
of  the  extremely  few  in  England  that  can  trace  their  pedigree  as  far  back  as  even 
the  Fourteenth  century.  Hastings,  one  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  still  shows  the  remains 
of  its  castle,  where  William  the  Conqueror  lodged  before  the  decisive  battle  of 
Hastings,  October  14,  1066,  in  which  he  defeated  the  English  under  Harold  and 
overthrew  the  Saxon  dynasty.  Mr.  Smith  removed  with  his  parents  during  boy- 
hood to  Marion,  New  York,  where  he  prepared  for  college  at  the  Marion  Collegiate 
Institute.  In  September,  1840,  he  entered  the  sophomore  class  in  Union  College, 
Sohenectady,  New  York,  and  graduated  Math  honors  from  that  institution  in  July, 
1844.  When  in  college  he  was  a  Delta  Phi,  and  was  graduated  with  the  honor  of 
Phi  Beta  Kappa.  In  the  same  graduating  class  were  James  C.  Duane,  afterwards 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States  army,  and  chief  engineer  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac;  Alexander  H.  Eice,  ex-member  of  Congress  and  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts for  three  terms,  and  Frederick  Townsend,  adjutant  general  of  New  York, 
and  brigadier-general  in  the  United  States  army.  After  graduation  Mr.  Smith  was 
principal  of  Wolcott  Academy,  Wolcott,  New  York,  for  one  year,  and  of  the  Academy 
at  Clyde,  New  York,  for  the  same  length  of  time.  Upon  retiring  from  the  princi- 
palship  of  the  latter  seat  of  learning,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Hon. 
Chauneey  F.  Clark,  of  Wolcott,  New  York.  He  removed  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1846,  completing  his  law  studies  with  Hon.  John  W.  Guernsey,  of  Tioga,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  997 


was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  1849,  to  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsyl- 
Tania  in  1853,  and  to  the  United  States  courts  in  1865.  In  1849  he  formed  a  co-part- 
nership with  Hon.  Charles  H.  Seymour  of  Tioga,  in  the  practice  of  law,  which  asso- 
ciation continued  until  1853.  On  June  14,  1853,  Mr.  Smith  was  married  to  Stella 
F.  Bigelow,  of  Tioga,  the  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Levi  Bigelow. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Smith  was  a  Democrat,  but  became  a  Republican  upon  the 
organization  of  that  party,  of  which:  he' was  one  of  the  founders.  He  ever  after 
took  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  ..-sustaining  and  defending  the  principles 
enunciated  by  the  Eepublican  party  aridralways  had  the  courage  of  his  convictions.- 
In  1856  he  was  elected  a  presidential  electorion  the  Fremont  ticket  and  served  with 
distinction,  doing  all  in  his  power  for  the  success  of  that  ticket.  In  1860  he  was 
elected  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Lincoln; ticket.  During  the  dark  days  of  the 
Eebdlion,  when  the  glorious  Union  seemed  destined  to  be  torn  asunder,  Mr.  Smith 
sustained  the  Union  cause  with  a  fidelity  an'd  courage  only  equaled  by  the  brave 
soldiers  at  the  front,  whose  friend  he  ever  was,  contributing  freely  of  his  time  and 
money  in  defense  of  the  flag.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  a  United  States  commis- 
sioner, which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  United 
States  register  in  bankruptcy  for  the  Eighteenth  (now  the  Sixteenth)  district,  which 
ofSee  he  held  until  the  repeal  of  that  law,  serving  with  distinction  and  having  before 
him  many  important  cases  from  both  his  own  and  other  districts  in  the  State.  On 
June  13,  1879,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Horace  and  Samuel  W.  Pomeroy,  of 
Troy,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  well  known  banlring  house  of  Pomeroy  Brothers  &  P. 
E.  Smith,  at  Blossburg,  the  firm  continuing  under  the  same  name  until  July  8, 
1895,  when  it  was  succeeded  by  the  Miners  National  Bank  of  Blossburg.  In  De- 
cember, 1883,  when  the  banking  house  of  B.  C.  Wickham  &  Company,  of  Tioga, 
failed,  Mr.  Smith  was  appointed  one  of  the  assignees.  Considering  the  resoiirees 
of  that  defunct  house  the  affairs  were  executed  in  a  manner  that  reflected  much 
credit  on  his  business  ability.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  prominent  Mason,  being  first  a 
member  of  Painted  Post  Lodge,  No.  117,  and  afterwards  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  present  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  Tioga,  chartered  October  16,  1866. 
He  was  also  a  thirty-second  degree  member  of  the  Supreme  Council  Ancient  Ac- 
cepted Scottish  Eite  of  Free  Masonery,  Coming  Consistory,  of  Corning,  New  York; 
a  member  of  Wellsboro  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  a  charter  member  and  first  Noble 
Grand  of  Adelphic  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Tioga,  organized  October  8,  1847.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  trustees  of  Union  College,  his  alma  mater,  and  always  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  cause  of  education. 

Mr.  Smith  was  an  able  lawyer,  at  the  bar  or  in  the  office,  well  grounded  in  the 
principles  of  law,  and  had  few  superiors  in  northern  Pennsylvania  as  an  orator  or 
pubhe  speaker.  He  possessed  in  a  high  degree  the  necessary  qualifications  of  the 
wise  counsellor,  successful  lawyer  and  safe  financier.  Conscientious,  just  and 
equitable  in  all  his  dealings,  and  endowed  with  fine  legal  and  literary  attainments, 
lie  won  a  well-deserved  reputation  at  the  bar.  He  took  much  pleasure  in  collecting 
rare  and  valuable  books  and  had  one  of  the  best  literary  and  law  libraries  in  the 
State.  Possessing  an  upright  and  honorable  nature,  he  required  and  demanded  the 
same  standard  of  honor  from  others.  The  young  sought  him  for  advice,  and  he 
was  ever  ready  to  assist  them  and  point  out  for  their  guidance  the  higher  and  nobler 


998  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COITNTT. 

aims  of  life.  His  public  spirit,  liberality  and  charity  were  always  up  to  the  fullest 
measure,  and  he  was  ever  ready  to  give  his  support  to  every  undertaking  that  had 
for  its  object  the  up-building  of  Tioga  or  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  its  citizens. 
He  was  a  polished,  genial  and  courteous  gentleman,  a  loving  husband,  a  kind  father 
and  faithful  friend.  Mr.  Smith  died  at  his  beautiful  home  in  Tioga,  on  October 
8,  1889,  after  an  illness  of  but  a  few  days.  His  widow  and  three  sons  survive  him. 
Alvah  Lee  Smith  is  president  of  the  Miners  National  Bank,  of  Blossburg;  Fred- 
erick Bigelow  Smith  is  an  attorney  at  Tioga,  and  a  representative  in  the  state  legis- 
lature, and  Dr.  William  Clive  Smith,  a  physician  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania. 

Alvah  Lee  Smith,  president  of  the  Miners  National  Bank  of  Blossburg,  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Frederick  Emerson  Smith,  and  was  bom  at  Tioga,  Pennsylvania, 
May  15,  1855.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  in  1871 
entered  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  remaining  there  two  years,  when 
he  went  to  New  York  City  to  enter  the  preparatory  schools  for  Columbia  College. 
In  1876  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  his  father's  office,  but  instead  of  seeking 
admission  to  the  bar  he  decided  to  pursue  a  business  career.  On  June  13,  1879, 
he  entered  the  banking  house  of  Pomeroy  Brothers  &  F.  B.  Smith,  at  Blossburg, 
as  book-keeper,  and  in  September  of  the  same  year  was  appointed  cashier  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  that  institution.  In  July,  1895,  he  re-organized  the  busiaess  and 
established  the  Miners  National  Bank,  which  succeeded  the  old  firm,  of  which  he 
became  cashier.  The  duties  of  this  responsible  position  he  discharged  for  seventeen 
years  with  such  ability  and  fidelity  as  to  •gain  for  him  a  well-earned  reputation  as 
a  capable  and  conservative  financier,  careful  alike  of  the  interests  of  the  institution 
under  his  charge  and  of  its  patrons  and  depositors.  On  January  12,  1897,  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  bank,  as  the  successor  of  S.  W.  Pomeroy,  deceased.  So- 
cially, Mr.  Smith  is  a  gentleman  of  culture,  of  easy  manners  and  approachable  by 
anyone.  He  is  much  interested  in  art,  and  his  fine  apartments  over  the  bank  are 
filled  with  rare  works  of  vertu,  such  as  costly  etchings,  oil  paintings,  statuettes,  India 
ink  engravings,  costly  rugs,  vases  and  bric-a-brac.  He  is  a  dii'ector  in  the  Miners 
National  Bank,  and  a  member  of  the  City  Club  of  Elmtra,  and  the  Knickerbocker 
Yacht  Club,  of  New  York.  He  is  also  resident  agent  of  many  of  the  leading  life 
and  fire  insurance  companies.  In  politics,  Mr.  Smith  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and 
in  religion,  a  member  of  St.  Andrew's  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  of  Tioga.  In 
March,  1897,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Cottage 
State  Hospital  at  Blossburg — an  appropriate  recognition  of  his  prominence  in  the 
community. 

Feedebick  Bigelow-  Smith,  attomey-at-law,  was  bom  at  Tioga,  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  3,  1863,  and  is  the  second  son  of  Frederick  Emerson  Smith.  He  was 
educated  in  the  High  School  of  Tioga,  and  entered  the  Kinne  and  Cascidilla  pre- 
paratory schools  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  in  1879,  and  Cornell  University,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1881.  After  a  course  at  Cornell  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  his  father's 
office;  entered  the  law  department  of  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  in  1886, 
and  graduated  therefrom  in  1888,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Tioga  county  in  1888,  and  to  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  in  1893. 
For  nearly  a  year  after  his  graduation  he  was  employed  in  the  recorder's  ofiice  at 
Wellsboro  indexing  the  records  of  that  office,  having  been  appointed  by  the  court 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  999 


to  do  that  work.  In  October,  1889,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Tioga, 
and  is  now  recognized  as  one  of  the  rising  young  lawyers  of  the  county,  haying 
many  important  estates  in  his  hands  for  settlement.  Mr.  Smith  possesses  high 
hterary  attainments,  and  takes  a  groat  interest  in  the  welfare  and  business  pros- 
perity of  his  town,  of  which  he  has  been  secretary  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  P.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Tyagaghton  Commandery, 
No.  28,  K.  T.,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Miners  National  Bank  of 
Blossburg,  and  local  agent  at  Tioga  of  the  leading  fire  and  life  insurance  companies. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  City  Club  of  Elmira,  and  City  Club,  of  Coming,  New 
York.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  St.  Andrew's  Protestant  Episcopal  church 
of  Tioga,  and  a  vestryman  in  that  body.  Politically  a  steadfast  Eepublican,  he  takes 
an  active  interest  in  promoting  the  success  of  his  party.  Mr.  Smith  was  nominated 
for  the  legislature  in  the  spring  of  1896  and  was  elected  in  November  following 
by  the  usual  party  majority. 

William  Clive  Smith,  M.  D.,  third  and  youngest  son  of  Frederick  Emerson 
Smith,  was  born  at  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  April  18,  1868.  He  attended  the  High 
School  of  his  native  town,  and  in  1886  entered  Exeter  Academy,  at  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire,  and  remained  there  for  two  years.  In  October,  1888,  he  entered  the 
University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  spent  two  years  at  that  institution.  In 
1890  he  entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at 
Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in  1893  with  the  title  of  M.  D.  After  graduation 
he  became  resident  physician  of  the  City  Hospital  at  Pittston,  remaining  there 
four  months,  at  the  end  of  which  period  he  became  resident  physician  of  the  City 
Hospital  at  Wilkes-Barre,  which  position  he  filled  one  year,  leaving  there  to  become 
resident  physician  of  the  Nursery  and  Childs  Hospital,  in  New  York  City,  devoted 
entirely  to  children  under  four  years  of  age  and  having  over  400  beds.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1895,  Dr.  Smith  located  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  but  still  retains  his 
old  liking  for  Tioga  and  his  native  county.  Dr.  Smith  has  been  very  successful 
in  his  profession,  has  had  a  large  hospital  experience  in  surgical  cases  and  children's 
diseases,  and  is  a  rising  young  physician.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Luzerne  County 
Medical  Society,  and  the  Westmoreland  and  Country  Clubs,  of  Wilkes-Barre;  also 
of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  fraternity  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  and  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Psi  Upsilon  Club  of 
New  York. 

EoBEET  Bkuce  Smith,  physician  and  surgeon,  son  of  Eussell  N.  and  Caroline 
(Sessions)  Smith,  was  bom  at  Marathon,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  August  23, 
1840.  His  paternal  ancestry  was  of  Holland-Dutch  descent.  There  is  a  tradition 
in  the  family  that  its  ancestors  in  this  country  accompanied  Henry  Hudson  on  his 
famous  voyage  of  discovery,  in  1609,  and  that  two  brothers,  Nicholas  and  Jacob 
Smith,  returned  to  the  New  World  a  few  years  later  and  established  homes  on  the 
Hudson  river,  in  the  vicinity  of  Albany,  then  Fort  Orange.  There  is  in  possession 
of  the  family  a  large  iron-bound  chest  which  tradition  relates  accompanied  Hudson 
on  the  voyage  of  the  Half  Moon.  This  story  is  doubtless  a  myth,  but  the  chest  is 
certainly  of  extreme  age  and  probably  was  brought  from  Europe  at  an  early  date. 
It  is  a  matter  of  conjecture  whether  the  ancestors  of  the  Smith  family  were  Dutch 
or  English,  but  a  long  residence  among  the  Dutch  settlers  of  the  Hudson  river 


1000  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

imbued  the  family  with  Dutch  ciistoms,  manners  and  traditions.  The  first  authen- 
ticated record  of  this  line  of  the  Smith  family,  is  that  Jacob  Smith  was  living  in 
Albany  county,  ISTew  York,  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  and  that  he  died  there 
about  the  year  1794.  Among  other  ancient  and  curious  papers  foimd  in  the  old 
chest,  was  a  bond  and  deed  executed  to  Jacob  Smith,  bearing  date  1767,  to  which 
was  affixed  the  royal  seal  of  King  George  III,  of  England.  Jacob  Smith  had  four 
sons,  viz:  Meholas,  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  bom  at 
Albany,  New  York,  in  1768;  Hendriek,  born  at  the  same  place  in  1773,  and  two 
others  who  were  carried  off  by  the  Indians  and  kept  in  captivity  seven  years  before 
being  restored  to  their  parents.  In  1795  Nicholas  and  Hendriek,  accompanied  by 
their  mother,  removed  to  Upper  Lisle,  Broome  county.  New  York,  where  Meholas 
became  the  owner  of  a  large  amount  of  land  and  a  prosperous  sheep  grower.  Here 
he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death,  in  1852. 

Eussell  N.  Smith,  the  second  child  of  Nicholas  and  Elizabeth  (Cornell) 
Smith,  was  born  in  Lisle,  Broome  county.  New  York,  in  1813.  He  was  an  extensive 
land  owner,  and  was  noted  for  his  honesty,  industry  and  thrift.  He  married  Caro- 
line Sessions,  a  descendant  of  Samuel  Sessions,  a  native  of  Wantage,  England,  and 
a  member  of  the  King's  Body  Guard.  Samuel  came  to  America  in  1630,  with  Gov. 
Thomas  Dudley,  as  farmer  of  his  estate,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts.  The  ancestry 
can  be  traced  in  an  unbroken  chain  to  Caroline  Sessions,  who  was  born  in  IJnion, 
Tolland  county,  Connecticut,  February  20,  1815.  She  married  Russell  N.  Smith, 
at  Marathon,  about  1837,  and  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Charles, 
who  died  in  infancy;  Robert  Bruce,  a  physician  of  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Elbert  Burke,  of  Lexington,  Nebraska.  Russell  N.  Smith  died  in  Cortland  county, 
New  York,  March  7,  1881.     His  wife,  Caroline,  died  October  25,  1888. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  early  years  on  his  fathers  farm  in  Cortland 
county.  New  York.  His  primary  education  was  acquired  at  the  district  schools 
of  the  neighborhood,  and  he  later  attended  Oxford  Academy,  Oxford,  New  York, 
in  which  institution  he  graduated  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  He  then  began  to  teach 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  entered  the  sophomore 
class  of  Union  College  in  Schenectady,  remaining  there  until  the  close  of  the 
junior  year,  in  1861.  The  war  spirit  was  strongly  felt  at  Union  College,  which 
contained  about  one  hundred  Southern  students,  who  left  in  a  body  at  the  first 
outbreak  of  hostilities.  The  majority  of  the  Northern  students  and  some  of  the 
professors  enlisted  in  the  Union  service.  Among  the  former  was  Robert  B.  Smith, 
who  abandoned  his  studies  and  enlisted  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  Sixteenth  New  York 
Independent  Battery,  which  command  at  once  proceeded  to  the  front.  The  Six- 
teenth Battery  was  attached  to  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  and  served  in  the 
Armies  of  the  Potomac  and  the  James.  For  good  service  Lieutenant  Smith  was 
transferred  by  order  of  General  Butler  to  the  command  of  Battery  P,  Krst  Rhode 
Island  Light  Artillery,  which  command  he  filled  until  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  three  years'  service.  He  then  returned  to  his  home  and  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine under  Dr.  S.  H.  French,  of  Lisle,  New  York.  In  1866  he  graduated  at  Long 
Island  College  Hospital,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  and  immediately  afterwards 
married  Ellen  A.,  a  daughter  of  William  Vrooman  Share,  of  Lisle,  New  York. 
Mrs.  Smith  is  descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  Dutch  families  in  the  United 


BIOGKlPHICAL    SKETCHES.  IQOl 


States.  Prior  to  1670  three  brothers  by  the  name  of  Vrooman  came  to  this  country 
from  Holland,  one  of  whom,  Hendrick  Meese  Vrooman,  settled  at  Schenectady, 
New  York,  in  1677.  The  family  has  figured  prominently  in  the  Colonial  history 
of  New  York  state.  At  the  Schenectady  Massacre,  on  the  night  of  February  9, 
1690,  two  of  the  family  were  killed  and  three  carried  captives  to  Canada.  The 
fifth  in  descent  from  the  original  settler  was  William  Vrooman  Share,  bom  May 
29, 1816;  he  married  Lucetta  Dunbar  Hine,  February  7,  1838,  and  died  on  January 
29, 1861.  Their  only  daughter,  Ellen  A.  Share,  was  born  at  Lafayette,  New  York, 
April  13, 1840,  and  was  married  to  Dr.  Eobert  Bruce  Smith,  August  2,  1866. 

Dr.  Smith  removed  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  the  year  of  his  maxriage,  and  pur- 
chased property  on  Broad  street,  which  continues  as  the  family  residence  up  to 
the  present.  Dr.  Smith  has  three  children,  viz:  Winifred,  born  August  13,  1868, 
who  graduated  from  Elmira  College  in  the  class  of  1891,  was  preceptress  of  the 
Wellsboro  High  School  for  two  years,  and  has  also  taken  a  post-graduate  course  at 
Yale  College;  Charles  Eussell,  born  September  20,  1870,  who  graduated  from 
Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  the  class  of  1894,  and  is  now  pursuing 
a  course  in  medicine  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  George  Vrooman, 
bom  May  10,  1874,  who  was  also  a  member  of  the  class  of  1894  at  Union  College, 
and  is  now  a  law  student  at  Yale.  George  V.  has  a  decided  talent  for  archaeological 
research,  and  possesses  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  individual  collec- 
tions of  Indian  relics  in  this  section  of  Pennsylvania.  On  coming  to  Tioga  Dr. 
Smith  entered  immediately  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which  he  has  pur- 
sued with  marked  success  for  the  past  thirty  years,  being  now  the  senior  practicing 
physician  in  Tioga  borough.  In  1883  Union  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  M.  A.  Aside  from  his  prominence  and  success  as  a  physician,  Dr.  Smith  is  also 
recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  Tioga  county.  He  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat, unswerving  in  his  adherence  to  the  principles  of  his  party,  and  a  man  of  wide 
influence  in  the  community.  In  1878  he  was  the  Democratic  nominee  for  Con- 
gress in  this  district,  and  proved  himself  an  able  and  eflEective  campaigner.  The 
Eepublican  majority  of  the  district  was,  however,  too  large  for  him  to  overcome, 
and  his  opponent  was  elected.  Dr.  Smith  has  established  a  fair  reputation  as  a 
public  speaker,  having  spoken  on  many  prominent  occasions,  paxtieularly  during 
commemorative  exercises  of  days  and  events  connected  with  the  Eebellion.  He 
is  recognized  as  an  authority  on  expert  medical  testimony,  and  his  long  experience 
as  a  physician  and  surgeon  has  made  his  presence  of  great  value  in  consultation. 
He  is  one  of  the  consulting  surgeons  of  the  Cottage  State  Hospital,  at  Blossburg, 
and  was  president  of  the  board  of  pension  examiners  of  Tioga  county  about  three 
years.  He  has  been  burgess  of  Tioga  for  two  terms,  and  has  repeatedly  served  as 
eouncilman  and  school  director  of  the  borough.  As  president  of  the  board  of 
health,  he  has  been  efficient  in  promoting  the  excellent  sanitary  condition  of  the 
town.  Dr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  E.,  and  is  also  Master 
of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  has  been  closely  identified  with  the 
growth  of  Tioga,  and  on  all  occasions  contributed  liberally  towards  the  social  and 
material  development  of  the  community. 

William  Lowell,  a  son  of  Dajilel  A.  and  Mary  Lowell,  was  born  October  21, 
1804,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.     His  father  was  a  hatter  and  he 


1002  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


also  learned  that  trade.  Early  in  the  thirties  his  parents,  his  brother  Martin  and 
himself,  and  Thomas  and  Herbert  HolHs,  came  from  Bainbridge,  New  York,  to 
the  village  of  Tioga,  Tioga  cotmty,  Pennsylvania.  They  were  all  hatters,  and 
erected  for  their  business  place  the  main  building  now  occupied  by  Paul  EIraiss' 
furniture  store.  On  February  7,  1832,  Mr.  Lowell  married  Eebecca  Preston.  She 
was  bom  May  31,  1810,  and  became  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Orlando  B., 
David  A.,  May  A.  and  "William  A.,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  Lowell  worked  as 
a  hatter  until  he  purchased  the  old  Goodrich  Hotel,  which  he  carried  on  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  Shortly  before  his  death,  which  occurred  April  3,  1848,  he  sold  out 
and  retired.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Tioga  in  1846  and  held  the  oifice 
until  1848.    His  wife  died  June  7,  1852. 

Oelando  B.  Lowell,  eldest  son  of  William  and  Eebecca  Lowell,  was  bom 
in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  November  28,  1832.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  in  the  Wellsboro  Academy,  and  subsequently  clerked  in  a  store  at 
Elmira,  New  York,  four  years.  He  then  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Tioga  with  Charles  0.  Etz,  the  firm  being  Etz  &  Lowell,  in  which  he  remained 
two  years,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  T.  L.  Baldwin  &  Company,  for  whom 
he  clerked  five  years.  About  1866  Mr.  Lowell  bought  the  interest  of  H.  F.  Wells 
in  the  tannery  of  Johnston  &  Wells,  of  Tioga,  and  also  became  interested  in  several 
other  tanneries  in  the  county.  The  firm  in  Tioga  became  Johnston  &  Lowell,  and 
afterwards  Lowell  &  Company.  Finally  the  New  York  partner  failed,  carryuig 
down  the  business  with  him.  After  retiring  from  the  tannery  business  Mr.  Lowell 
devoted  his  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  his  600-acre  farm  situated  a  mile  north 
of  Tioga  borough,  and  known  as  the  old  Jacob  Prutsman  farm.  While  paying  due 
attention  to  diversified  crops,  he  devoted  himself  principally  to  the  raising  of 
tobacco  and  the  breeding  of  Hambletonian  horses.  He  was  a  thorough  business 
man  and  brought  business  principles  to  bear  upon  every  detail  of  his  farm  work. 
Possessing  untiring  energy,  a  clear,  well-balanced  mind,  and  good  executive  abiUty, 
he  usually  succeeded  in  whatever  he  undertook,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best 
farmers  in  Tioga  county.  Mr.  Lowell  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Laura 
Schieffelin,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Schieffelin.  She  died  September  18,  1866.  On 
November  18,  1869,  he  married  Mrs.  Sarah  M.  Etz,  widow  of  Lieut.  Charles  0. 
Etz,  of  Company  D,  Fifty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  who  was  killed  by  a 
shell  at  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862.  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  E.,  of 
Tioga,  was  named  in  his  honor.  Mrs.  Lowell  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel  B.  aad 
Amelia  (Green)  Wellington,  and  was  bom  in  West  Moriah,  Essex  county.  New 
York,  December  6,  1834.  She  came  with  her  parents  to  Tioga  in  1845,  and  was 
married  to  Charles  0.  Etz,  November  18,  1852.  She  was  postmistress  of  Tioga 
from  1863  to  1868.  By  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Lowell  was  born  one  daughter,  Laura, 
a  graduate  of  Elmira  College.  In  polities,  Mr.  Lowell  was  an  ardent  Eepublican, 
was  a  member  of  the  borough  council  of  Tioga  five  years,  and  burgess  from  1874 
to  1876.  He  also  served  as  a  school  director.  He  died  June  19,  1896,  of  Bright's 
disease,  and  his  death,  was  sincerely  mourned  by  the  people  of  the  community 
wherein  his  whole  life  had  been  passed. 

H.  E.  Smith  was  bom  in  Sidney,  Delaware  county,  New  York,  November  4, 
1811.     His  father,  Samuel  Smith,  was  a  native  of  Bennington,  Vermont,  and  as  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1003 


boy  witnessed  the  battle  of  Bennington,  fought  during  the  Eevolution.  Samuel 
married  Lucy  Greenslit,  and  during  the  closing  years  of  the  last  century  removed 
to  Sidney,  New  York,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  H.  E.  was  reared, 
in  Sidney,  and  when  a  young  man  went  tO'  Oneonta  to  learn  the  boot  and  shoe 
trade,  remaining  there  until  his  removal  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  in  February,  1839. 
Upon  his  arrival  in  that  borough,  he  embarked  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business,  which 
he  carried  on  in  his  own  name  until  1854,  when  the  firm  became  H.  B.  Smith  & 
Son,  his  son,  Henry  N.,  taking  an  interest  in  the  business.  In  1856  the  latter 
removed  to  Buffalo,  and  September  29,  1859,  his  brother,  C.  B.,  became  a  member 
of  the  firm,  the  title  remaining  the  same  up  to  the  present.  Mr.  Smith  was  married 
January  6, 1831,  to  Lucy  M.  Mantor,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Mehitable  Mantor. 
She  was  bom  November  25,  1813.  This  venerable  couple,  who  recently  celebrated 
their  sixty-sixth  wedding  anniversary,  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Maria 
L.,  widow  of  Dr.  H.  H.  Borden;  Henry  N.,  a  resident  of  New  York  City;  C.  E., 
and  Julia  E.,  wife  of  C.  J.  Wheeler,  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  Mr.  Smith  is  a 
Eepublican.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  borough  council,  and  also  seized  in  that 
body  from  1862  to  1865,  and  again  in  1873.  He  has  also  served  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  and  township  treasurer,  and  has  been  prominent  in  every  undertaking  calcu- 
lated to  forward  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the  borough. 

C.  E.  Smith  was  bom  in  Oneonta,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  June  14,  1836, 
a  son  of  H.  E.  and  Lucy  M.  Smith,  and  grandson  of  Samuel  Smith.  After  acquiring 
a  common  school  education,  he  took  a  course  in  Alfred  University,  Alfred  Center, 
New  York.  The  years  of  1857  and  1858  he  spent  principally  in  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis,  and  in  traveling  over  wh^t  was  then  considered  the  far  west.  In 
1859  he  returned  to  Tioga,  and  on  September  29,  of  that  year,  entered  into  nart- 
nership  with  his  father  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business,  in  which  he  has  since  con- 
tinued. The  firm  sufliered  by  the  fire  of  1871,  but  notwithstanding  their  heavy 
loss  at  that  time,  have  since  carried  on  the  business  with  success.  Mr.  Smith  was 
married  August  24,  1859,  to  Mary  Thorne  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Abram  and  Julia 
Miller,  of  Southport,  New  York.  Their  only  child,  Harry  O.,  married  Lena  Phelps, 
and  resides  in  Tioga.  In  politics,  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Eepublican,  has  been  a  member 
of  the  borough  council  several  terms,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Tioga. 

Eettben  Daggett  was  a  native  of  Westmoreland  county.  New  Hampshire,  and 
removed  to  Paris,  Oneida  county.  New  York,  whence  he  came  to  Jackson  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1807.  Here,  with  the  assistance  of  his  sons,  Eufus, 
Eeuben  and  Seth,  he  erected  a  mill,  at  the  point  since  knovra  as  Daggett's  Mills, 
where  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life. 

Seth  Daggett,  a  son  of  Eeuben  Daggett,  was  bom  in  Westmoreland  county. 
New  Hampshire,  July  3,  1790,  and  was  seventeen  years  old  when  his  father  settled 
in  this  county.  He  assisted  him  in  operating  the  mill  and  became  one  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  the  county,  filling  the  office  of  sheriff  one  term.  He  built 
several  saw-mills  in  various  localities,  and  in  1842  came  to  Tioga  borough  and  pur- 
chased the  Willard  property,  and  also  three  farms.  He  married  Eunice  Allen;  of 
Barnstable,  Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Allen,  who  died 
in  Lawrenceville,  in  March,  1886;  George,  who  died  in  1850;  Lewis,  a  resident  of 
Tioga;    Clymena,  deceased  wife  of  Eichard  Stilwell;    Minerva,  widow  of  Daniel 


1004  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Dewey;  Kowena,  wife  of  W.  T.  Urell,  of  Tioga;  Maxy  Ann,  widow  of  H.  W.  Caulk- 
ing, and  Charlotte,  deceased.  Mr.  Daggett  died  Jannaxy  3,  1874,  and  his  wife, 
March  23,  1864. 

Lewis  Daggett,  son  of  Seth  Daggett,  and  grandson  of  Kenben  Daggett,  was 
bom  in  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  May  5,  1816.  He  received  a  common 
school  education  and  began  his  business  life  as  a  lumberman  and  farmer.  In  1838 
he  opened  a  general  store  at  Daggett's  Mills,  and  later  built  a  saw-mill.  In  1848 
he  came  to  Tioga,  subsequently  removing  to  Chatham  township,  where  he  remained 
eighteen  months.  Eeturning  to  Tioga,  he  was  engaged  in  merchandising  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Lawreneeville,  where  he  ran  the  Daggett 
House  for  a  number  of  years,  and  was  then  succeeded  by  his  son,  W.  L.  In  1890 
Mr.  Daggett  returned  to  Tioga,  where  he  has  since  resided.  On  March  4,  1839,  he 
married  Ellen  S.  Wells,  a  daughter  of  Norman  and  Elizabeth  Wells.  Of  seven 
children  bom  to  this  imion,  three  are  living,  as  follows:  Seth  0.,  of  Tioga;  W. 
L.,  of  Bellefonte,  and  Myrtle,  wife  of  P.  W.  Fletcher,  of  Newberry,  Lycoming 
county.  Mrs.  Daggett  was  born  January  30,  1821,  and  died  on  June  22,  1894.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  Universalist.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Tioga  in  1851,  by  President  Pillmore,  and  in  1861  by  President 
Lincoln. 

Seth  0.  Daggett  was  bom  at  Daggett's  Mills,  September  14,  1845,  and  is 
the  oldest  living  child  of  Lewis  Daggett.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  at  Mansfield  State  Normal  School,  and  before  he  was  sixteen 
years  old  began  clerking  for  Sly  &  Alford,  of  Tioga.  In  1862  he  bought  out  the 
business,  continued  it  four  years,  and  then  engaged  in  lumbering  on  Pine  creek, 
which  he  followed  one  year.  He  next  went  west  and  spent  some  time  in  Chicago, 
Cincinnati  ajid  other  places.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  with  his 
father  in  Lawreneeville,  remaining  there  until  1880,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  and 
conducted  the  Park  Hotel  for  a  year  and  a  half.  He  next  ran  the  Kiple  House, 
of  Honesdale;  then  the  Eyant  House,  of  Horseheads,  New  York,  two  years;  the 
Wilcox  House,  of  Wellsboro,  five  years;  the  Seymour  House,  of  Blossburg,  a  year, 
and  the  Stinson  House,  of  Athens,  one  year.  On  July  1, 1890,  he  became  proprietor 
of  the  Park  Hotel,  of  Tioga,  which  he  conducted  till  May,  1896.  Mr.  Daggett  was 
married  June  9,  1878,  to  Ella  Boynton,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Georgia  A. 
and  Leah  M.  His  wife  died  October  2,  1885;  he  was  again  married  on  October 
19,  1893,  to  Katie  Hymes,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Aldean  M.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Daggett  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  & 
A.  M. 

De.  Jacob  Schieffelin  was  bom  in  New  York  City,  April  20,  1793.  His 
father,  Jacob  SchiefEelin,  was  bom  in  Philadelphia,  August  24,  1757,  and  his 
grandfather  in  Germany,  February  4,  1732.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared 
to  manhood  in  his  native  city.  When  but  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  an  ensign 
in  the  militia,  at  twenty  a  captain  and  at  twenty-one  a  colonel.  After  a  thorough 
preparatory  education,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  1810  with  Dr.  Onder- 
donk,  afterward  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  and  attended  three 
courses  of  lectures  at  Columbia  College,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
1822.     He  at  once  became  a  partner  with  his  brother,  H.  H.  Schieflelin,  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1005 

■wholesale  drug  house  of  H.  H.  SchiefEelin  &  Company,  of  New  York.  During 
the  next  &ve  yeaxs  he  spent  his  summers  in  New  York  and  his  winters  in  Savannah, 
Charleston,  Mobile,  New  Orleans  and  Hayana,  acquiring  in  the  meantime  a  fair 
knowledge  of  the  Spanish  language.  He  was  in  command  of  the  militia  regiment 
in  New  York  City  that  received  Lafayette  in  1824,  and  at  the  reception  which 
followed  he  was  presented  to  that  distinguished  visitor.  In  1824  he  went  to  Mexico 
and  opened  a  branch  store.  While  there  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Santa  Anna, 
then  a  lieutenant  in  the  Mexican  cavalry,  but  afterwards  the  celebrated  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  Mexican  army.  In  1828,  having  previonsly  purchased  large  bodies 
of  land  in  Tioga  and  Lycoming  counties,  Pennsylvania,  he  removed  to  Tioga 
county  and  located  on  Hill's  creek,  in  Chaxleston  township.  In  1830  he  erected 
a  saw-mill  and  the  fallowing  year  a  laxge  frame  dwelling.  He  later  disposed  of  his 
land  and  in  1845  removed  to  Tioga  borough,  where  he  passed  the  remaining  years 
of  his  Ufe,  dying  December  27,  1880,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year  of  his  age.  Dr. 
SchiefEelin  married  Elizabeth  Black  and  reared  the  following  named  children: 
Chnton,  who  died  in  Los  Angeles,  California;  Alfred,  a  resident  of  «Charleston 
township;  Elizabeth,  a  resident  of  Tioga;  Laura,  who  married  the  late  0.  B. 
Lowell,  of  Tioga,  and  died  in  Elmira,  September  18,  1866;  Cornelia,  who  lives  in 
Los  Angeles,  California;  Edward  G-.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro  and  superintendent 
of  the  Stokesdale  tannery;  Jacob,  a  retired  merchant  of  Tioga,  and  Mrs.  Hannah 
Lyon,  who  lives  in  Illinois.     Mrs.  Schieifelin  died  in  1881,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Jacob  Schieefelin,  youngest  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  Schieffelin,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton township,  Tioga  county,  April  18,  1838,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Tioga 
in  1845,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  In  1866  he  was  one  of  the  contractors  who 
drilled  the  oil  well  on  the  Abiel  Sly  land,  on  Bear  creek.  In  1867  he  established 
in  Tioga  a  hardware  and  tinsmithing  business,  which  he  carried  on  with  marked 
success  until  January,  1895,  when  he  sold  out  to  William  Kimball  and  retired 
from  active  business.  Mr.  SchiefEelin  was  married  February  1,  1865,  to  Ella  Eyon, 
a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Susanna  Gertrude  (White)  Eyon,  and  has  three  children, 
viz:  Lila  G.,  Edward  E.  and  Jacob.  Mrs.  SchiefEelin  died  in  1894,  aged  fifty-two 
years.  In  politics,  Mr.  SchiefEelin  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  Since  arriving  at  manhood  he  has  been  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  enterprising  citizens  of  Tioga,  and  every  worthy  project  has  found  in 
him  an  earnest  and  liberal  supporter.  He  stands  high  in  the  esteem  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,  afi  a  man  of  sterling  integrity  and  upright  character. 

W.  T.  Ueei,l  was  bom  at  Eath-na-leen,  County  Tipperary,  Ireland,  in  May, 
1832.  He  immigrated  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1848,  where  he  found  employment  in  the  store  of  Lewis  Daggett.  He  after- 
wards served  as  deputy  postmaster  under  C.  G.  Dennison  during  the  presidency  of 
Taylor  and  Pierce,  and  in  1857  was  appointed  postmaster  by  President  Buchanan, 
a  position  he  held  until  1861.  He  was  also  postmaster  during  President  Cleve- 
land's first  term,  resigning  at  that  time  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace,  which  he 
had  filled  for  several  terms.  In  1857  Mr.  Urell  embarked  in  business,  confining 
himself  to  groceries,  provisions,  books  and  notions,  and  has  to  his  credit  a  continu- 
ous and  successful  business  career  of  nearly  forty  years.  He  owes  his  sucpess  in  life 
to  persistent  and  persevering  industry,  strict  honesty,  and  sterling  integrity,  which 


1006  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


have  won  for  him  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  community  in  which  he  has 
lived  for  nearly  half  a  eentmy.  Mr.  TJrell  united  with  the  Presbyterian  church 
about  1860.  He  married  Eowena  Daggett,  a  daughter  of  Maj.  Seth  Daggett,  to 
which  union  have  been  bom  five  children,  all  natives  of  Tioga,  viz:  Robert  Emmett, 
bom  June  4,  1851;  Charles  Allen,  October  16,  1852;  Mary  Lottie,  November  4, 
1864;  Tom  Moore,  May  3,  1857,  and  Richard  Daggett,  June  19,  1859.  Robert  E. 
married  Eva  Squire,  only  child  of  Aaron  Squire,  June  21,  1893.  Mary  L.  mar- 
ried H.  L.  Baldwin,  a  lawyer  of  Tioga,  June  36,  1884,  and  has  two  daughters. 
Marguerite  and  Dorothy.  Tom  M.  married  Maud  Babcock,  a  daughter  of  F.  G. 
and  Prances  L.  Babcock,  of  Tioga,  October  12,  1893.  Richard  D.  remained  at 
home  until  1887  and  then  took  charge  of  the  Brooklyn  Hotel,  which  he  has  since 
purchased  and  still  conducts.  He  married  Emma  VanGorder,  who  has  borne  him 
two  children,  Nona,  deceased,  and  Walter.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  years  the 
three  elder  sons  have  been  and  are  the  efficient  assistants  of  their  father  in  the 
mercantile  business.  The  whole  family  have  been  life-long  Democrats  and  have 
taken  an  active  interest  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  principles  and  measures  of 
that  party.  Robert  E.,  especially,  has  been  prominent  in  local  politics.  He  believes 
in  free  trade  and  advocates  the  single  tax  theory  on  land  values  as  the  only  means  to 
insure  and  preserve  the  equal  rights  of  all  men  to  a  fair  share  of  the  land.  He  was  the 
Democratic  county  chairman  in  1890,  and  his  party's  nominee  for  state  senator  in 
the  Twenty-fifth  district  in  1892.  Though  unable  to  overcome  the  large  Republi- 
can majority  he  made  a  vigorous  and  creditable  canvass. 

Stephen  C.  Alfoed  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  in  1817,  and  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Bainbridge,  New  York,  at  an  early  age.  About  1831  he  came  to  Tioga, 
Pennsylvania,  and  began  clerking  for  A.  C.  Bush,  with  whom  he  remained  several 
years.  In  1855  he  embarked  in  merchandising  in  partnership  with  Abiel  Sly,  and 
the  firm  of  Sly  &  Alford  continued  in  business  for  seven  years.  Mr.  Alford  mar- 
ried Ruth  Lindsey,  a  daughter  of  David  B.  Lindsey.  She  was  bom  in  Wellsboro, 
Tioga  county,  in  1824,  and  is  still  living.  She  became  the  mother  of  two  children: 
James,  who  died  in  1862,  and  H.  S.,  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Alford  died  in  January,  1871, 
after  a  residence  in  Tioga  of  some  forty  years. 

H.  S.  Alfokd,  only  living  child  of  Stephen  C.  and  Ruth  Alford,  was  bom  in 
Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  February  8,  1855.  He  received  a  good  English  education, 
and  subsequently  found  employment  with  the  Erie  Railroad  Company,  serving  as 
assistant  telegraph  operator  under  J.  Dillistin,  whom  he  succeeded  in  1883,  as 
ticket  and  freight  agent  of  the  Erie  Company  in  Tioga,  a  position  he  still  holds. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Alford  &  Inscho,  coal  dealers.  Mr.  Alford  was 
married  September  30,  1880,  to  Mary  E.  Doane,  a  daughter  of  Jesse  B.  Doane,  and 
has  one  daughter,  Bessie.  In  politics,  Mr.  Alford  is  a  Republican,  and  is  also  con- 
nected with  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  P.  &  A.  M.;  Phoenix  Lodge,  No.  933,  K.  of  H.,, 
and  Tioga  Tent,  No.  176,  K.  0.  T.  M.  In  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  position, 
Mr.  Alford  has  proven  not  only  loyal  to  the  interests  of  the  railroad  company,  but 
has  made  himself  deservedly  popular  with  the  traveling  public  by  his  uniform 
kindness  and  courtesy. 

Jonas,  Galusha  Putnam  was  bom  in  New  York  state,  in  1810.  In  early 
life  he  was  a  millwright  and  built  several  of  the  first  mills  erected  in  northeastern. 


BIOGBAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1007 


New  York.  In  1849  lie  came  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued  to  follow 
the  same  business  up  to  1886,  when  he  retired  from  active  labor.  He  was  married 
in  Essex  county,  New  York,  to  Sophia  Havens,  who  became  the  mother  of  three 
children,  as  follows:  George  Stevenson  and  Mrs.  E.  S.  Hickok,  both  residents  of 
Buffalo,  and  John  H.,  a  lawyer  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Putnam  died  in  1893,  and  his  wife, 
in  1886,  in  the  seventy-second  year  of  her  age. 

Philo  Tullek,  druggist,  was  born  in  Butler,  Wayne  county.  New  York,  Octo- 
ber 26, 1837,  a  son  of  Worden  and  Elizabeth  (Olmstead)  Tullcr.  His  father  settled 
in  Wayne  county  at  an  early  day,  but  afterwards  removed  to  Hastings  county, 
Ontario,  Canada,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Philo  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  began  learning  the  cabinet-making 
trade  in  Lyons,  Wayne  county,  New  York.  In  1851  he  came  to  Tioga,  where  he 
carried  on  the  cabinet-making  business  until  1860.  Prom  1863  until  after  the 
war,  Mr.  TuUer  was  employed  by  the  government  in  the  construction  department. 
He  then  returned  to  Tioga  and  embarked  in  the  drug  business,  which  he  has  carried 
on  successfully  for  the  past  thirty  j^eaxs.  On  December  14,  1850,  he  married 
Harriet  Mack.  In  politics,  Mr.  TuUer  is  a  Republican;  was  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  petition  asking  for  the  corporation  of  Tioga  borough;  served  in  the  council 
in  1866,  1871  and  1873;  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  from  1867  to  1870;  postmaster 
of  Tioga  from  1868  to  1885,  and  was  elected  burgess  in  February,  1897.  During 
a  residence  of  nearly  half  a  century  in  Tioga,  Mr.  TuUer  has  been  identified  with 
every  movement  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  community.  To'  a  successful  and  hon- 
orable business  career,  he  has  added  the  reputation  of  a  public-spirited  citizen.  In 
his  business  he  has  kept  pace  with  the  times,  and  has  a  well-stocked  store,  especially 
attractive  in  its  interior  arrangement. 

Joseph  Smead  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  in  1759,  and  removed  to  Swanzey, 
New  Hampshire,  at  an  early  day,  where  he  followed  the  blacksmith's  trade.  He 
was  an  ardent  patriot  and  served  with  honor  in  the  Continental  army  during  the 
Revolution.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Sarah  Lyman,  bore  him  one 
daughter,  Sallie,  who  died  in  youth.  His  second  wife,  was  Mrs.  Sarah  Wetherell, 
nee  Brown,  widow  of  Bbenezer  Wetherell.  She  became  the  mother  of  three  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Persis  Lyman,  who  died  in  1840;  Joseph  B.,  a  retired  machinist 
of  Massachusetts,  and  Ephraim  A.,  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Smead  died  in  1834,  and  his 
wife  in  1858. 

Ephhaim  a.  Smead,  youngest  child  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Smead,  was  born  in 
Swanzey,  New  Hampshire,  February  1,  1833,  and  there  obtained  a  common  school 
ediTcation.  When  seventeen  years  old  he  went  to  Boston  and  learned  the  tinner's 
trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  1853,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  bought 
some  land.  Soon  afterwards  he  secured  a  patent  for  making  square  pans,  the  right 
to  use  which  he  sold  in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  other  cities.  In  1863 
he  came  to  Tioga  borough  and  embarked  in  the  hardware  business,  which  he  has 
successfully  continued  up  to  the  present,  and  erected  his  present  store  building  on 
Wellsboro  street  in  1873.  On  September  38,  1846,  Mr.  Smead  married  Susan 
Knight,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Knight.  She  was  born  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, November  6,  1836.  In  politics,  Mr.  Smead  is  a  Republican.  He  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  petition  asking  for  the  incorporation  of  Tioga;   served  in  the 


1008  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

ooiuncil  from  1877  to  1881;  was  elected  burgess  in  1882,  1892,  1893  and  1894,  and 
was  borough  treasurer  from  1884  to  1887,  and  again  in  1889.  He  is  a  member 
of  St.  Andrew's  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  of  Tioga,  and  also  of  Tioga  Lodge, 
No.  373,  P.  &  A.  M.,  and  Tioga  Eiver  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  P.  Mr.  Smead  is 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  and  substantial  business  men  of  Tioga. 

Eli  S.  Pake  was  bom  and  reared  at  "Windham,  Vermont,  and  there  married 
Mary  Putnam.  Pour  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  W.  0.,  a  book- 
keeper in  Seattle,  Washington;  Abram,  superintendent  of  the  Middlebury  tannery, 
and  a  resident  of  Niles  Valley;  C.  B.,  of  Williamsport,  and  Leroy,  a  resident  of 
Tioga.  About  1854  Mr.  Parr  and  family  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  located  at  the  old  railway  station  below  Tioga  borough,  where  Mr.  Parr  operated 
a  saw-mill  and  carried  on  a  grocery  store  for  a  short  time.  He  then  moved  back 
to  Vermont,  where  he  stayed  a  year  or  two.  About  1857  or  1858  he  returned  to 
Tioga  county,  and  after  a  short  stay  in  Tioga  borough,  located  in  Wellsboro,  and 
conducted  a  hotel  on  the  site  of  the  present  Coles  House.  About  1859  he  removed 
to  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Wilcox  House,  where  he  kept  hotel  for  several 
years.  In  1863  he  returned  to  Tioga  borough,  and  took  charge  of  the  Goodrich 
Hotel.  He  retired  from  active  business  in  1880,  and  died  October  8,  1890,  aged 
seventy-six  years.    His  widow  is  living  in  Tioga  borough. 

C.  B.  Pake,  a  son  of  Eli  S.  Parr,  was  born  in  Windham,  Vermont,  Pebruary 
22, 1846,  and  was  about  nine  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  He 
attended  the  common  schools  of  Wellsboro  and  Tioga.  He  later  clerked  for  A.  P. 
Cone,  on  Pine  creek,  and  next  became  a  clerk  for  Eeddington,  Maxwell  &  Leonard, 
of  Troy,  Bradford  county.  In  1868  he  took  an  interest  in  the  mercantile  business 
with  T.  A.  Wickham,  which  then  became  Wickham  &  Parr.  He  remained  in  this 
firm  until  1878,  when  he  became  interested  with  0.  B.  Lowell  in  the  Tioga  and 
Middlebury  tanneries,  which  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1884  and  the  business 
discontinued.  Mr.  Parr  then  embarked  in  the  lumber  business  on  Pine  creek, 
under  the  firm  name  of  0.  B.  Parr  &  Company.  In  May,  1893,  the  firm  sold  out 
to  the  Union  Tanning  Company,  and  he  later  removed  to  Williamsport,  where  he  is 
engaged  with  that  company.  Mr.  Parr  was  married  December  13,  1870,  to  Ella 
A.  Wellington,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  B.  and  Amelia  Wellington,  and  has  two 
children,  Lowell  W.  and  Quiney  W.  The  family  is  connected  with  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  In  polities,  Mr.  Parr  is  a  Eepublican,  and  was  prominent  in 
the  local  councils  of  his  party.  He  served  in  the  borough  council  in  1869,  and 
from  1878  to  1883;  also  as  burgess  of  Tioga  from  1887  to  1891.  He  has  also 
filled  the  ofiice  of  school  director,  and  is  a  man  of  commendable  enterprise  and 
public  spirit. 

N.  E.  Shappee  was  born  near  Horseheads,  Chemung  county.  New  York,  No- 
vember 24,  1833,  a  son  of  Abner  K.  and  Polly  (Brooks)  Shappee.  His  parents 
resided  in  Chemung  county  until  their  death.  They  reared  a  family  of  seven  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  David,  a  resident  of  Alpine,  New  York;  Abner,  who  died  in 
Nebraska  in  1893;  Thomas,  a  resident  of  Elmira,  who  died  in  1895;  Knapp,  of 
the  same  city,  who  died  in  1896;  Nathan  E.,  of  Tioga;  Mariett,  deceased  wife  of 
Louis  Larrison,  of  Horseheads,  and  Eebecca,  wife  of  Burton  Stanley,  of  Tioga. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  common  school  education,  and  came  to  Tioga 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1009 


in  early  manhood,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  teaming  for  many  years. 
By  industry  and  prudence  he  has  accumulated  a  valuable  property.  On  May  17, 
1853,  Mr.  Shappee  married  Julia  Schoch,  a  daughter  of  Frederick  and  Eosina  Schoch, 
who  has  borne  him  four  children:  Eosa,  wife  of  F.  C.  Prutsman,  of  Elmira;  Mollie, 
who  died  in  infancy;  Anna,  who  died  March  17,  1893,  and  Frederick  W.,  a  sten- 
ographer of  Tioga.  During  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Shappee  served  as  a  corporal  in 
Company  H,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  for  a  part  of  the  time  was 
quartermaster  sergeant.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  served  in  the  council 
from  1890  to  1896,  and  also  filled  the  office  of  street  commissioner  for  three  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  E.,  also  of  the  E.  A.  TJ.,  and  in  religion, 
is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Feedeeick  W.  Shappee,  only  son  of  N.  E.  Shappee,  was  born  in  Tioga,  Penn- 
sylvania, July  27, 1872,  and  was  educated  in  the  Tioga  graded  school  and  at  Miller's 
Business  College,  Elmira,  New  York.  He  clerked  for  G.  G.  Saxton  for  three  years 
and  in  November,  1893,  accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  law  office  of  F.  B.  Smith,  of 
Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  has  since  been  with  the  exception  of  about  six 
months,  when  he  was  with  the  wholesale  grocery  house  of  C.  E.  Maltby  &  Brother,  of 
Coming,  New  York.  In  June,  1895,  he  married  Ann  Wilkin,  daughter  of  Daniel 
Wilkin,  of  Morris  Eun,  Pennsylvania,  who  has  borne  him  one  daughter.  Mr. 
Shappee  is  a  Eepublican,  and  was  elected  auditor  of  Tioga  borough  in  1892,  which 
office  he  filled  for  three  years,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  elected  a  justice 
of  the  peace  in  February,  1895,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Smead  Hose  Company,  No.  1;  also  a  member  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Tioga.  He  is  very  fond  of  athletic  sports  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Smead  Eunning  Team  which  gained  an  enviable  reputation  as  sprinters  in  Tioga 
county  in  the  summer  of  1894.  During  the  spare  moments  he  finds  time  to  pursue 
the  study  of  law  and  gives  promise  of  attaining  a  CTeditable  place  in  the  ranks  of 
that  profession. 

John  J.  Davis  was  bom  in  Millbrook,  Pembrokeshire,  Wales,  in  1837,  and  immi- 
grated to  the  United  States  when  ten  years  of  age.  He  became  a  door-tender  in  the 
coal  mines  at  Hyde  Park,  Lackawanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  worked  in  the  mines 
until  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  was  then  made  a  foreman,  and  later  explored  and  put 
down  a  number  of  shafts  for  the  company.  He  subsequently  came  to  Blossburg, 
Tioga  county,  and  was  employed  by  the  old  salt  company  and  its  successor,  the 
Morris  Eun  Coal  Company,  in  exploring  and  developing  the  mines  at  Morris  Eun. 
Mr.  Davis  opened  up  the  East  and  Salt  Lake  drifts.  He  advocated  and  adopted 
the  T  rail  for  mine  tramways,  and  was  the  first  to  introduce  mules  in  the  mines. 
He  resigned  in  December,  1874,  upon  which,  occasion  he  was  presented  with  a  gold 
watch  inscribed  as  follows:  "Presented  to  John  J.  Davis,  by  workingmen  of  Morris 
Eun,  Pennsylvania,  as  a  token  of  their  esteem,  December,  1874."  In  1876  he  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  mines  at  Amot,  by  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  a 
position  he  held  until  the  fall  of  1880.  While  filling  it  Mr.  Davis  explored  and 
re-opened  the  lower  drift,  experimented  with  the  coal,  and  demonstrated  its 
adaptability  for  coking  purposes.  In  the  fall  of  1880  he  resigned  and  removed 
to  Mansfield  to  educate  his  children.  In  1882  Mr.  Davis  was  employed  as  superin- 
tendent of  construction  of  the  Tioga  Coke  and  Coal  Washing  Plant,  at  Tioga,  by 
64 


1010  HISTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Hon.  Simon  B.  Elliott, 
he  became  superintendent  of  the  plant.  He  died  while  holding  this  position, 
January  21,  1891,  after  an  illness  of  three  months.  He  was  succeeded 
by  his  son,  James  T.,  who  held  the  position  until  July  1,  1894,  when 
the  plant  closed  down  because  of  its  inability  to  meet  ruinous  competition.  Mr. 
Davis  married  Mary  V.  James,  who  was  born  in  Mauch  Chunk,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1837,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Tioga  borough.  Seven  children  were  born  to  this 
union,  viz:  Alfred  J.,  shipping  agent  at  Philadelphia,  of  the  Buffalo,  Eoch ester 
and  Pittsburg  Eailroad  Company;  Eowland  W.,  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Fall 
Brook  Coal  Company,  at  Fall  Brook;  James  T.,  of  Tioga;  Anna  M.,  who  died  in 
Sefptember,  1885;  Mary  G.,  John  J.,  a  resident  of  Philadelphia,  and  Franchot  E. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Davis  was  a  Eepublican,  and  cast  his  first  vote  in  1860  for  Abraham 
Lincoln.  In  religion,  a  Baptist,  he  organized  the  Union  Sunday-school  at  Morris 
Eun,  and  was  active  in  church  and  social  affairs. 

James  T.  Datis  was  born  at  Morris  Eun,  Tioga  county,  February  19,  1865, 
a  son  of  John  J.  Davis.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  Mans- 
field State  Normal,  and  read  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  H.  Borden,  of  Tioga.  In  the 
autumn  of  1886  he  entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  in  1887  became  a  student  at  Columbia  College.  Ill  health  compelled 
him  to  abandon  his  studies  and  forego  a  professional  career.  Eeturning  home  he 
clerked  for  his  father,  and  February  10,  1890,  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Tioga, 
which  office  he  resigned  February  10,  1893.  In  January,  1891,  he  succeeded  his 
father  as  superintendent  of  the  Tioga  Coke  and  Coal  Washing  Plant,  which  position 
he  filled  until  the  business  was  abandoned.  On  July  1,  1894,  he  succeeded  E.  P. 
H.  McAllister  as  local  ticket  and  freight  agent  of  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Com- 
pany, at  Tioga,  which  office  he  still  holds.  In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  has  filled 
the  offices  of  constable,  school  director,  collector  and  township  clerk.  He  is  a 
member  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  one  of  the  most  popular  men 
in  the  community. 

S.  P.  Hakes,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Parish,  Oswego  county,  New 
York,  June  2,  1861,  a  son  of  Eichard  and  Minerva  (Mack)  Hakes.  He  is  one  of 
nine  children,  named  as  follows:  Montrose,  a  resident  of  Parish;  Lucius  A.,  of 
Syracuse;  Harriet  J.,  wife  of  Frank  Jones,  of  Utica;  Marie  H.,  wife  of  Charles 
Aldrich,  of  Parish;  Eollin,  deceased;  Catherine,  wife  of  John  Crim,  of  Parish; 
Nettie,  deceased;  S.  P.,  and  Ella,  wife  of  John  Dennis,  also  a 
resident  of  Parish.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm, 
and  after  pursuing  a  course  of  study  at  Mexico,  New  York,  he  came  to  Tioga, 
Pennsylvania,  and  entered  the  drug  store  of  Philo  Tuller,  where  he  clerked  three 
years.  He  then  began  reading  medicine  under  Dr.  Eobert  B.  Smith,  of  Tioga,  and 
later  became  a  student  in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New  York, 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1888.  Eeturning  to  Tioga 
he  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which  he  has  continued  up  to  the 
present.  Dr.  Hakes  was  married  April  2, 1891,  to  May  Cole,  a  daughter  of  A.  C.  Cole, 
of  Hammond,  Tioga  county,  to  which  union  has  been  bom  one  son,  Howard.  In 
polities.  Dr.  Hakes  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Tioga  Eiver  Lodge,  No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  P.    He  is  the  local  medical 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  IQH 


examiner  of  the  Equitable,  New  York  Life,  Prudential,  Mutual  Benefit,  Odd  Fel- 
lows, and  other  insurance  companies  and  associations,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
board  of  pension  examiners  of  Tioga  county.  Dr.  Hakes  has  built  up  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice  by  close  attention  to  his  professional  duties  and  persistent  industry. 
His  success  is  a  merited  recognition  of  his  personal  integrity  and  professional  honor. 
He  is  progressive  in  his  ideas,  and  keeps  himself  fully  abreast  of  the  improvements 
in  medical  science. 

William  Kimball,  son  of  Dayton  C.  and  Mary  (Dunham)  Kimball,  was  bom 
in  Catlin,  Chemung  county,  New  York,  April  18,  1848.  ]  He  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  ran  away  from  home  and  enlisted  in  Company  C, 
One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  New  York  Volunteers,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  Returning  home  he  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering.  On  January  1, 
1869,  he  married  Sarah  Dunham,  a  daughter  of  Wright  Dunham,  deceased,  of 
Bradford  county,  to  which  union  have  been  born  the  following  children:  Jesse, 
Grace,  Harry  and  Frank.  From  1881  to  1893,  in  addition  to  his  lumber  interests, 
Mr.  Kimball  also  kept  a  general  store  at  Mitchell's  Creek.  In  the  early  part  of 
January,  1895,  he  purchased  the  hardware  and  tinsmithing  business  of  Jacob 
Schiefielin,  in  Tioga,  which  he  carried  on  in  connection  with  lumbering,  until 
January,  1897,  when  John  L.  Inscho  purchased  an  interest  in  the  business,  and 
the  firm  became  Inscho  &  Kimball.  Mr.  Kimball  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and 
has  filled  the  office  of  county  commissioner  and  also  that  of  road  supervisor.  Jan- 
uary 1,  1897,  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  county  almshouse  and  farm, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  membra"  of  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A. 
M.;  Tioga  River  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  R.,  in 
all  of  which  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

WiLBUB  Bbown  was  born  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
May  6, 1889,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Eva  Brown.  His  father,  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
came  to  this  county  at  an  early  day,  where  he  followed  farming  and  lumbering. 
His  mother  died  when  Wilbur  was  a  child,  and  his  father  remarried,  and  died  in 
1849,  aged  seventy-two  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  throughout  his  earlier  years  followed  farming  and  lumbering.  He  served  in 
Company  H,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  took  part 
ia  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman,  Port  Royal,  Spottsylvania  and  Petersburg.  In 
1866  he  located  in  Farmington  township,  on  a  farm  which  he  still  owns,  remaining 
there  until  1893.  In  that  year  he  rerrioved  to  Tioga  village,  where  he  owns  a  resi- 
dence and  a  small  tract  of  land,  and  is  living  retired  from  the  active  duties  of  life. 
Mr.  Brown  was  married  August  17,  1849,  to  Lucy  Sharp,  a  daughter  of  Philip  and 
Catherine  Sharp,  and  a  native  of  Campbell  Town,  Steuben  county,  New  York. 
Her  ancestors  came  from  France  and  settled  on  the  Delaware  river,  and  later  became 
pioneers  of  Steuben  county.  Her  father  died  in  1849,  aged  seventy-five  years, 
and  her  mother,  in  1873,  at  the  age  of  eighty-eight.  Mrs.  Brown  is  the  mother 
of  four  children,  viz:  Delia,  wife  of  Thomas  Spencer,  of  Farmington;  Frajices 
C,  who  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-five;  Reuben  T.,  of  Tioga  township,  and  George, 
of  Chicago.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  R. 

Walter  C.  Adams  was  bo'm  in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  May  9,  1868,  a  son  of 


±012  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Frank  H.  and  Ellen  M.  (Carpenter)  Adams.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
school's  and  Selwyn  Hall  Military  School,  Eeading,  Pennsylvania.  He  learned 
telegraphy  and  worked  in  the  office  of  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad  Company  at  Tioga, 
four  years,  and  later  for  some  time  in  Buffalo,  New  York,  in  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  office.  He  then  clerked  in  his  father's  store  in  Tioga  for  two  years. 
In  June,  1894,  he  engaged  in  the  meat  market  and  grocery  business  in  the  Park 
Hotel  block,  Tioga,  continuing  until  June,  1895.  Since  July,  1895,  he  has  been 
employed  in  the  passenger  service  of  the  Fall  Brook  Eailway  Company,  and  now 
resides  in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Adams  was  married  September  18,  1886,  to  Nettie  Van 
Gorder,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Derinda  VanGorder,  and  has  one  child,  Dorothy. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublicaji,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church. 

Daniel  L.  Nobles,  son  of  Loron  and  Jane  C.  (Eussell)  Nobles,  of  Delmar 
township,  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Delmar,  November  16,  1850,  and  is  the  fifth 
in  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  was 
reared  upon  the  homestead,  and  after  amving  at  manhood  followed  lumbering 
about  ten  years.  He  next  kept  the  Guide  Board  House,  on  the  Wellsboro  road, 
in  Delmar  township,  for  four  years.  In  1890  he  came  to  Tioga  borough  and  em- 
barked in  the  livery  business,  which  he  still  carries  on.  Mr.  Nobles  was  married 
April  32, 1872,  to  Emma  J.  English,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Ann  English, 
and  has  had  two  children,  William  H.  and  Charles  Wesley,  the  latter  of  whom  died 
at  two  years  of  age.  Mrs.  Nobles'  father  died  Februajy  4,  1890,  and  her  mother. 
May  26,  1870.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  with 
her  husband  has  been  connected  with  Keystone  Lodge,  No.  105,  Order  of  the 
World.     He  is  a  member  of  Tioga  Tent,  K.  0.  T.  M.,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 

Thomas  Graves  was  born  near  Covington,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1820,  a  son  of  Josiah  and  Polly  Graves,  pioneers  of  that  locality.  He  there  grew 
to  manhood,  and  for  a  number  of  years  afterwards  conducted  a  hotel  in  Covington, 
keeping  at  different  times  the  Covington  and  Mansion  Hotels.  He  married 
Samantha  Howe,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Esther  M.,  wife  of  Ed- 
ward Doane,  of  Mansfield;  Harr}'  T.,  editor  of  the  Milled;on  Advocate;  Frederick 
L.,  editor  of  the  Tioga  Argus j  Fannie,  wife  of  W.  J.  Keeney,  of  Southport,  New 
York,  and  Walter  A.,  a  resident  of  Seely  Creek,  in  the  same  State.  Mr.  Graves  is 
still  living,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven  years. 

Frederick  L.  Graves,  editor  of  the  Tioga  Argus,  was  bom  in  Covington, 
Tioga  county,  April  8,  1852,  second  son  of  Thomas  Graves.  He  received  a  com- 
mon school  education,  and  in  October,  1870,  began  learning  the  printing  trade  in 
the  office  of  the  Blossburg  Register,  then  conducted  by  his  brother,  Haary  T.  He 
later  acquired  an  interest  in  the  paper,  the  firm  becoming  Graves  Brothers.  In 
the  spring  of  1875  he  sold  his  interest  to  I.  E.  Doud,  and  continued  in  the  office  as 
an  employe.  In  1878  he  became  Doud's  partner,  and  two  yeai-s  afterwards  they 
sold  the  plant  to  John  L.  Sexton,  Mr.  Graves  continuing  to  work  in  the  office. 
From  1882  to  1884  he  published  the  Elkland  Journal  and  then  worked  at  his  trade 
in  Mansfield  for  a  time.  He  next  became  interested  in  the  Blossburg  Register, 
as  a  partner  of  S.  N.  Havens,  and  subsequently  with  C.  H.  Ely.  He  afterwards 
worked  in  Mansfield,  remaining  in  that  place  until  July  22,  1892,  when  he  came 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  1013 


to  Tioga  and  established  the  Argus,  which  he  has  since  edited  and  published.  Mr. 
Graves  was  married  Januajy  2d,  1879,  to  Maggie  Lajiane,  who  died  December  10, 
1893,  leaving  a  family  of  six  children,  viz:  M.  Flora,  Fred  L.,  Lulu  E.,  Kaymond 
J.,  Max  V.  and  T.  Walter.  In  polities,  Mr.  Graves  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member 
o/Tioga  Eiver  Lodge,  No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  of  Tioga  Tent,  No.  176,  K.  0.  T.  M. 

Jeptha  Hughes  was  bom  ia  DanvOle,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  father,  Thomas 
Hughes,  settled  before  the  Eevolution.  On  March  36,  1816,  he  purchased  of  John 
Harrold,  a  tract  of  land  in  Lycoming  county,  on  which  he  laid  out  the  village  of 
Hughesburg,  now  the  borough  of  Hughesville.  He  sold  out  his  interests  in  July, 
1820,  to  Daniel  Harrold,  and  removed  to  Tioga  county,  locating  finally  at  Beecher's 
Island,  where  he  remained  until  April  12,  1838,  when  he  settled  at  Mitchell's 
Creek,  in  Tioga  township.  Here  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  While  a 
resident  of  Lycoming  county,  Mr.  Hughes  married  Betsey  Hill,  to  which  union 
were  born  eight  children,  three  in  Lycoming  and  five  in  Tioga  county,  as  follows: 
Rachel,  who  married  Charles  Button;  Sailie,  wife  of  James  Dewey;  Frederick,  a 
resident  of  Tioga  township;  Polly,  widow  of  John  VanWey;  Betsey,  who  married 
Charles  Gray;  Eebecca,  who  married  David  Cunningham;  George,  a  resident  of 
Jackson  township,  and  Catherine,  who  lives  with  her  brother  George. 

Feedbeick  Hughes,  oldest  son  of  Jeptha  Hughes,  was  bom  in  Hughesville, 
Lycoming  county,  November  13,  1820,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Mitchell's 
Creek  in  1838.  He  remained  with  his  parents  on  the  homestead  farm  until  he 
was  twenty-three  years  old,  and  thus  assisted  to  rear  and  support  his  younger  brothers 
and  sisters.  He  then  worked  out  by  the  day  for  one  year,  and  by  prudence  and 
economy  saved  enough  from  his  earnings  to  give  him  a  start  in  life.  He  bought 
130  acres  of  the  Bingham  estate,  near  the  head  of  Mitchell's  creek,  containing  some 
improvements.  With  this  as  a  beginning,  he  farmed  in  summer  and  followed  lum- 
bering ia  winter,  investing  his  earnings  in  land.  By  the  exercise  of  good  Judgment 
he  eventually  acquired  1,600  acres  lying  along  Mitchell's  creek,  thus  becoming  one 
of  the  largest  land  owners  and  leading  farmers  in  Tioga  county.  On  June  17, 
1847,  Mr.  Hughes  married  Harriet  VanWey,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Betsey  Yan 
Wey,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Henrietta,  Benjamin,  who  died  March  9, 
1896;  Betsey,  wife  of  George  Meeker;  Phoebe,  wife  of  Alonzo  Gage;  George  A.,  of 
Tioga  township;  Frank,  a  resident  of  Lavirrence  township;  Sim,  Charles,  John, 
Hattie,  who  died  in  childhood;  Frederick,  a  resident  of  Denver,  Colorado,  and 
William  E.  Mr.  Hughes  has  divided  his  land  among  his  children,  giving  to  each  a 
liberal  amount  of  his  large  estate,  retaining  for  himself  only  100  acres  surrounding 
the  family  home  at  Mitchell's  Creek.'  In  politics,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and 
takes  a  deep  iaterest  in  public  affairs.  He  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  and 
pubhc-spirited  citizens  of  the  township,  of  which  he  has  been  a  resident  for  nearly 
sixty  years. 

Geoege  a.  Hughes,  oldest  living  son  of  Frederick  Hughes,  was  born  in  Tioga 
township,  Tioga  county,  June  28,  1853.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  his  twenty-second  year.  In  1875  he  rented 
a  farm  from  his  father,  which  he  cultivated  up  to  1887,  and  then  purchased  the 
old  Peter  Guernsey  farm  of  103  acres,  on  the  Tioga  river,  one  mile  south  of  the 
borough  of  Tioga,  upon  which  he  still  lives.     Mr.  Hughes  was  married  October 


1014  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

7,  1890,  to  Euby  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Garrett  and  Abigail  Smith,  and  has  three 
children:  George,  Thomas  and  Alfred.  Mrs.  Hughes'  parents  are  residents  of 
Jackson  township.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hughes  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous and  progressive  farmers  of  Tioga. 

C.  F.  MiLLEE  was  bom  in  Big  Flats,  Chemung  county,  New  York,  July  13, 
1825,  a  son  of  John  S.  and  Euth  (Larison)  Miller.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
New  Jersey,  and  his  mother  of  Connecticut.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Horace  D.  and  J.  Foster,  both  deceased;  Maria,  wife  of  Austin 
Eeeder,  of  Big  Flats;  Enoch  Ward,  deceased;  C.  F.,  of  Tioga  township;  De- 
borah, a  resident  of  Elmira;  John  A.,  deceased;  Orpha,  and  Hester,  wife  of  John 
Campbell,  of  Chemung  county.  Mr.  Miller  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  when  thir- 
teen years  old  began  to  earn  his  own  living,  working  out  as  a  farm  hand.  In  the 
fall  of  1844  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  the  Major  Bent- 
ley  farm,  in  Tioga  township,  purchasing  100  acres  of  it,  to  which  he  added  200  acres 
more  in  1883.  Mr.  Miller  was  married  in  1847,  to  Mary  D.  Lawrence,  a 
daughter  of  Minard  and  Clarissa  (Mix)  Lawrence,  which  union  has  been  blessed 
by  five  children,  viz:  Charles  L.,  of  "Wellsboro;  Frank  S.,  a  resident  of  Eau  Claire, 
"Wisconsin;  Waldo  W.,  a  resident  of  Wellsboro;  Simeon  P.,  who  lives  at  home,  and 
Thomas  M.,  who  died  in  childhood.  Mr.  Miller  has  one  of  the  finest  and  best  im- 
proved farms  in  the  township,  and  the  family  residence  is  a  substantial  and  hand- 
some structure,  built  with  a  view  to  making  it  a  cheerful,  homelike  abode.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Miller  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  a  prominent  member  of  his  party 
in  Tioga  county.  He  served  as  one  of  the  county  commissioners  from  1862  to 
1865,  when  he  was  elected  county  treasurer  and  filled  that  office  one  term.  He  has 
also  served  as  supervisor,  assessor  and  school  director  in  his  township.  He  is  a 
member  of  Tioga  Eiver  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.  In  religion,  the  family  are 
Presbyterians,  and  liberal  supporters  of  the  church.  Mr.  Miller  is  not  only  a  suc- 
cessful and  progressive  farmer,  but  is  recognized  as  a  popular  and  public-spirited 
citizen,  who  gives  his  support  to  every  worthy  project. 

Michael  Hickey  was  bom  in  Middle  Swanzey,  Cheshire  county  New  Hamp- 
shire, May  25,  1850,  and  is  the  only  child  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Hogan)  Hickey. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  County  Clare,  Ireland,  and  immigrated  to  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1844.  In  1850  they  removed  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled 
in  Tioga  township,  where  his  father  found  employment  with  Joseph  Aiken.  His 
mother  died  in  December,  1851,  and  his  father  was  again  married  to  Ellen  Mc- 
Namara.  Michael  was  reared  in  Tioga  township,  and  in  early  manhood  began 
work  on  the  railroads,  which  he  has  pursued  in  connection  with  farming  up  to  the 
present.  He  has  been  section  boss  for  the  Erie  company  at  Mitchell's  Creek  for 
twenty-nine  years,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  faithful  employes  of  the 
company.  In  1877  he  purchased  sixty  acres  of  land  half  a  mile  east  of  Mitchell's 
Creek,  to  which  he  has  added  at  different  times  until  he  now  owns  a  well-improved 
farm  of  320  acres,  which  is  managed  for  him  by  his  oldest  son,  Charles  D.  Mr. 
Hickey  was  married  December  19, 1869,  to  Mary  McCarty,  of  Caton,  Steuben  county, 
New  York.  Seven  children  have  blessed  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Charles  D., 
Michael,  James,  Mary  C,  Anna,  Margaret  and  Theresa.  The  family  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  church,  and  in  politics,  stanch  adherents  of  the  Democratic  party. 


BIOGBAPHICAl    SKETCHES.  IQIS 


Mr.  Hickey^s  father  makes  his  home  with  him.  Although  a  man  who  has  had  to 
make  his  way  in  the  world  by  hard  work,  Mr.  Hickey  has  found  time  by  hberal 
reading  to  keep  well  abreast  of  the  progress  of  the  age,  and  is  one  of  the  intelligent 
and  well  informed  citizens  of  the  township. 

C.  W.  Loveless  was  bom  in  Saratoga  county,  New  York,  and  there  married 
Leafy  Graham,  a  native  of  the  same  county.  In  1854  they  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  Mill  creek,  in  Tioga  township,  a  mile  above  the  present 
home  of  his  son,  C.  0.  Here  he  followed  lumbering  until  1884,  when  he  sold  out 
to  his  son,  C.  0.,  and  went  to  South  Dakota,  where  he  died  March  32,  1894,  aged 
sixty-five  years.  His  widow  makes  her  home  with  her  children  in  Tioga  county. 
The  following  named  children  were  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Loveless:  C.  0.,  of  Tioga 
township;  William  and  Frank,  residents  of  Potter  county,  South  Dakota;  Fannie, 
wife  of  Frank  Woodward,  of  Wysox,  Bradford  county,  and  Leafy,  wife  of  William 
Archer,  of  Tioga  township. 

C.  0.  Loveless  was  bom  in  Saratoga  county,  New  York,  December  7,  1850, 
and  was  in  his  fourth  year  when  his  parents,  C.  W.  and  Leafy  Loveless,  came  to 
Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  in  Tioga  township,  attended  the 
district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  has  made  farming  and  lumbering  his  life  vocation. 
In  1884  he  bought  out  his  father,  and  now  owns  a  well  improved  property  of  413 
acres,  a  part  of  which  is  timber  land.  On  December  30,  1871,  Mr.  Loveless  mar- 
ried Harriet  VanNess,  a  daughter  of  Peter  V.  and  Celia  VanNess,  who  has  borne 
him  five  children,  viz:  Harry,  Edith,  Fred,  Mark  and  Ella.  Mrs.  Loveless'  parents 
are  residents  of  Mansfield.  In  politics,  Mr.  Loveless  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has 
served  as  supervisor  and  school  director.  Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Tioga,  and  he  is  also  connected  with  Tioga  Eiver 
Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.  Mr.  Loveless  is  a  successful  fanner,  and  a  man  of  in- 
tegrity, enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

Jehemiah  Millee  was  born  in  Claverick,  New  York,  December  19,  1783,  and 
married  Sally  Campbell,  May  17, 1808.  She  was  a  native  of  Nobletown,  New  York, 
bom  January  16,  1787,  and  was  of  Scotch  ancestry,  while  her  husband  was  of  Ger- 
man descent.  Mr.  Miller  was  an  early  settler  of  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  followed  farming  until  1854,  in  which  year  he  moved  to  Tioga  county 
and  settled  .on  Mann  hill,  in  Lawrence  township.  He  died  in  Illinois,  October  1, 
1859,  while  on  a  visit  to  relatives.     His  wife  died  in  Tioga,  October  3,  1863. 

Cephas  C.  Millee  was  bom  in  Smithfield,  Bradford  county,  August  17,  1817, 
a  son  of  Jeremiah  Miller,  and  removed  to  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  in 
1854.  He  remained  in  that  township  nine  years,  and  then  located  in  Tioga  bor- 
ough. In  1874  he  returned  to  Lawrence,  remaining  there  until  December,  1880, 
when  he  settled  on  the  farm  on  Mill  creek,  in  Tioga  township,  now  owned  by  his 
son,  Charles  L.,  where  he  has  since  lived.  Mr.  Miller  was  married  December  20, 
1846,  to  Lucia  D.  Kelley,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Matilda  Kelley,  of  Bradford 
county,  and  has  four  children,  viz:  Mary,  wife  of  John  L.  Inseho,  of  Tioga;  Flora, 
wife  of  Arthur  Tilden,  of  Waverly,  New  York;  Charles  L.,  of  Tioga  township,  and 
Eatie,  wife  of  George  Castle,  of  Elmira. 

Chaeles  L.  Millee,  only  son  of  Cephas  C.  Miller,  and  grandson  of  Jeremiah 
Miller,  was  bom  in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  March  10,  1856.     He  ob- 


1016  HISTOKT    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tained  a  common  school  education  and  was  reared  a  farmer.  On  March.  35,  1885, 
he  married  Mbjj  T.  Kimball,  a  daughter  of  Dayton  C.  Kimball,  of  Mitchell's  Creek, 
and  has  two  children,  Harry  Eay  and  Flora  May.  In  politics,  Mr.  Miller  is  a  EepubU- 
can,  and  in  religion  the  whole  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  haa 
served  as  township  auditor  for  three  years,  and  is  an  enterprising  and  progressive 
citizen. 

Jacob  H.  Westbkooe;,  son  of  Solomon  and  Elizabeth  Westbrook,  was  bom  in 
Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county,  October  1, 1832.  He  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  On  October  12,  1859,  he  married 
Mary  Angle  Button,  a  daughter  of  Dean  and  Sallie  (Stevens)  Dntton.  She  was 
bom  on  the  farm  where  they  now  reside,  October  12,  1841.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  Vermont  and  early  settlers  of  Tioga  township.  Her  father  died  April 
27,  1871,  aged  sixty-two  years,  and  her  mother  in  November,  1883,  aged  eighty 
years.  Three  children  have  been  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Westbrook,  as  follows: 
Elroy,  a  resident  of  Olean,  New  York;  Walter,  who  lives  in  Blmira,  and  Anna, 
wife  of  George  L.  Strait,  of  Mansfield.  In  polities,  Mr.  Westbrook  is  a  Republican. 
He  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  the  county,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  well- 
improved  farm  of  nearly  300  acres. 

John  G.  Kbntch  was  bom  in  Meissen,  Saxony,  Germany,  there  grew  to  man- 
hood and  married  Sophia  Stanoel,  to  which  union  were  bom  the  following  children: 
Morris  S.,  Pauline,  Julius,  a  resident  of  Silver  Bow,  Montana;  Otto,  a  resident 
of  Blossburg;  Hulda,  wife  of  Frederick  Coster,  of  New  York;  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph 
Poggendorf,  of  Tioga  township;  Francis  and  Thomas,  both  deceased,  and  John  G., 
a  resident  of  Tioga  tovraship.  The  oldest  son,  Morris  S.,  came  to  Tioga,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1850,  and  in  1854  his  father  and  other  members  of  the  family  followed. 
Mr.  Kentch  died  September  28,  1854,  a  few  days  after  his  arrival  in  Tioga,  aged 
sixty-four  years.  His  wife  died  in  November,  1887,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty- 
seven. 

MoEEis  S.  KentcHj  oldest  son  of  John  G.  Kentch,  was  bom  in  Meissen,  Saxony, 
Germany,  June  24,  1827,  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  land,  and  in  March,  1850, 
married  Caroline  Matte.  They  immigrated  the  same  year  to  Pennsylvania,  and 
settled  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  where  four  children  were  bom  to  them, 
viz:  Oakley,  a  resident  of  Farmington;  Amanda,  wife  of  Edward  Sticklin,  of  Wells- 
boro;  James,  a  resident  of  the  same  place,  and  Ellen,  wife  of  Frederick  Sticklin, 
of  Fall  Brook.  Mrs.  Kentch  died  on  November  7,  1874,  and  October  7,  1876,  he 
married  Laura  Clarke,  a  daughter  of  Septimus  Clarke,  of  Chatham  township.  She 
died  September  11,  1880,  aged  thirty-six  years.  He  was  again  married  November 
19, 1884,  to  Mary  Hussey,  a  native  of  England  and  a  daughter  of  William  and  Eliza- 
beth Hussey.  She  was  bom  January  20,  1832,  and  died  March  5,  1897.  Mr. 
Kentch  enlisted  October  16,  1861,  in  Company  D,  Fifty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, and  participated  in  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  and 
the  Seven  Days'  Fight  before  Eiehmond,  in  all  of  which  he  proved  himself  a  brave 
and  patriotic  soldier.  While  on  duty  at  Hampton  Eoads  as  brigade  butcher,  he 
met  with  an  accident  which  resulted  in  crushing  and  permanently  crippling  his 
right  leg.  He  also  received  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  right  index  finger,  necessitating 
its  amputation.     His  brother  Thomas  served  in  Company  K,  of  the  same  regiment. 


BIOGKAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  1017 


In  politics,  Mr.  Kentch  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of 
the  Lutheran  faith.  He  is  a  member  of  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  E.,  and  also  of 
Tioga  EiTer  Lodge,  No.  797, 1.  0.  0.  P. 

Joseph  Poggendokf,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Poggendorf,  was  bom  and 
reared  in  Prussia,  Germany,  where  his  parents  lived  and  died.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1862,  and  settled  in  Tioga,  Pennsylvania.  In  1867  he  purchased 
his  present  place  of  twelve  acres,  one  mile  west  of  the  borough.  The  same  year  he 
married  Mary  Kentch,  a  daughter  of  John  G.  and  Sophia  (Stanoel)  Kentch,  natives 
of  Saxony,  Germany.  To  this  union  have  been  bom  the  following  children:  John, 
a  resident  of  Tioga  borough;  Lisa,  Lena  and  William,  who  live  with  their  parents. 
Mr.  Poggendorf  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  in  religion,  is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church.  His  only  brother,  William,  is  a  resident  of  Eochester,  New 
York.  Mr.  Poggendorf  is  an  intelligent,  public-spirited  citizen,  and  enjoys  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him.  He  has  lived  a  quiet,  unassuming  and 
industrious  life,  and  by  prudence  and  economy  has  accumulated  a  valuable  property. 

EiCHAED  Hetfield  was  born  in  Southport,  Chemung  county.  New  York,  in 
1793.  His  father,  who  was  bom  in  1766,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Southport. 
Eichard  was  a  farmer  and  hotel-keeper,  and  conducted  the  Summit  Hotel,  between 
Horseheads  and  Elmira  for  fifty-eight  years.  His  wife,  Susan,  was  born  in  1805, 
and  was  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  William  D.,  who  died  in  1864; 
Charles,  who  served  in  the  Eighty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  is  now  a 
clerk  in  the  postoffice  department,  Washington,  D.  C;  Abner,  who  died  May  3, 1858, 
aged  fifteen  years,  and  Thomas  G.,  of  Tioga.  Mr.  Hatfield  died  April  31,  1870,  and 
his  wife,  September  2,  1883. 

Thomas  G.  Hetfield,  youngest  son  of  Eiehard  Hetfield,  was  bom  in  South- 
port,  New  York,  November  31,  1847.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm, 
and  before  arriving  at  manhood  learned  the  cigarmaker's  trade.  In  1870  he  em- 
barked in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  at  Horseheads,  which  business  he  carried  on 
there  and  in  Elmira  imtil  1880,  when  he  came  to  Tioga,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
employed  in  the  factory  of  Yoorhes,  Aiken  &  Company,  until  its  removal  to  Mans- 
field, where  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  1888.  He  then  returned  to  Tioga  and 
established  a  cigar  factory  on  the  Wellsboro  road,  a  short  distance  west  of  Tioga 
borough.  His  factory  and  residence  were  destroyed  by  fire  on  September  15,  1893. 
After  the  fire  he  resumed  business  in  Tioga  borough,  remaining  there  until  April, 
1895,  when  he  returned  to  his  former  location,  having  rebuilt  both  factory  and 
residence.  Mr.  Hetfield  was  married  in  May,  1866,  to  Lucy  DeLapp,  a  daughter  of 
Hiram  DeLapp.  She  died  on  October  31,  1887.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hetfield  is  a 
Democrat.  He  devotes  his  attention  to  the  manufacture  of  special  brands  of  cigars, 
such  as  ''Hetfield's  Best,"  "T.  G.  H.,"  and  "Gilt  Edge."  He  is  a  popular  business 
man  and  citizen,  and  enjoys  the  respect  of  the  community. 

WiLLAED  Eedstee,  a  SOU  of  William  and  Mary  J.  (Kennedy)  Eedner,  was  bom 
in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  November  20,  1856.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
Tompkins  county,  and  his  paternal  grandfather,  of  Orange  county.  New  York. 
His  mother  died  Maich  35,  1893,  aged  sixty-nine  years.  His  father  died  February 
30, 1896,  aged  seventy-two  years.  Seven  children  were  bom  to  William  and  Mary 
J.  Eedner,  as  follows:    Adeline,  wife  of  Charles  Eobb,  of  Athens,  Bradford  county; 


1018  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Simeon,  a  resident  of  the  same  place;  Willard,  of  Tioga  township;  Willis,  who  lives 
in  Tioga  township;  Frank,  a  resident  of  Tioga;  Florence,  wife  of  George  Fams- 
worth,  of  Big  Flats,  New  York,  and  George,  who  resides  in  Harrison  Valley,  Pemi- 
sylvajiia.  Before  coming  to  Tioga  county  Mr.  Eedner  resided  in  Tompkins  and 
Cameron  counties,  New  York,  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  and  Big  Flats,  Chemung 
county.  New  York.  In  1880  he  remoTed  from  the  latter  place  to  Tioga  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  the  H.  W.  Caulking  farm,  subsequently 
removed  to  Chatham  township,  and  later  bought  his  present  farm  of  148  acres,  in 
the  western  part  of  Tioga  township,  formerly  known  as  the  H.  H.  Goodrich  farm. 
Mr.  Eedner  married  Mrs.  Sophia  Kennedy,  nee  White,  December  9,  1879,  and  has 
five  children:  Frank,  Henry,  Ira,  who  died  November  11,  1895,  aged  eleven  years; 
Vera,  and  Stanley,  who  died  July  19,  1896,  aged  fifteen  months.  In  politics,  he 
is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  constable.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  also  of  Tioga  Eiver  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  one 
of  the  prosperous  and  successful  farmers  of  the  township. 

D.  W.  Htted  was  born  in  Caton,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  August  2,  1849, 
and  is  the  only  child  of  Charles  and  Jane  (Harrison)  Hurd.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  the  same  county,  and  his  father  died  there  in  1851.  His  mother  resides 
with  our  subject.  Mr.  Hurd  learned  the  trade  of  stationary  engineer  in  his  youth, 
which  he  followed  in  Steuben  county  up  to  1870,  when  he  went  to  Kane  county, 
Illinois,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  eight  years.  Eetuming  east,  he  located 
on  a  farm  in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  upon  which  he  lived 
until  1881,  and  then  purchased  his  present  farm  of  ninety  acres  in  Tioga  township. 
Mr.  Hurd  was  married  to  Mary  Colder,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Sarah  Colder, 
of  Lindley,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  December  36,  1869,  and  has  four  children: 
Jennie,  Harry,  Harriet  and  Walter.  Mrs.  Hurd's  father  died  July  28,  1891,  aged 
fifty-nine  years;  her  mother  lives  in  Lindley,  New  York.  Her  brother,  James, 
is  also  a  resident  of  Lindley,  while  her  sister,  Kate,  is  the  wife  of  William  Ter- 
williger,  of  Caton,  New  York.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hurd  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been 
township  supervisor  for  the  past  three  years.  He  has  made  his  way  in  life  through 
his  own  unaided  efl'orts,  and  is  a  man  of  honest,  upright  character. 

John  A.  Behgh  was  bom  in  Sweden,  in  1845,  a  son  of  Andrew  Olson  and 
Christina  Bergh.  He  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  in  1873  and  settled  at  Fall  Brook, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  a  coal  miner  until  1885.  He 
then  rented  a  farm  on  the  Cowanesque  river,  which  he  cultivated  up  to  April,  1890, 
in  which  year  he  leased  the  old  H.  W.  Caulking  place,  containing  %81  acres,  in  the 
western  part  of  Tioga  township.  This  he  conducted  successfully  until  1896,  when 
he  removed  to  Elkland.  Mr.  Bergh  was  mamed  October  24,  1875,  to  Augusta 
Dyring,  a  native  of  Sweden,  who  is  the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Mary, 
Alvira,  Emelia,  Helga,  John  and  Corra.  Mr.  Bergh  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  in 
religion,  a  Lutheran.  He  is  a  member  of  Arbon  Lodge,  No.  489, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  En- 
campment No.  153,  of  Blossburg,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  K.  of  P.  lodge,  in 
Amot. 

Joseph  Beegh  was  bom  in  Sweden,  in  1858,  a  son  of  Andrew  Olsen  and  Chris- 
tina (Torstens)  Bergh.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  and  came  to  Pennsylvania 
in  1881,  where  he  found  employment  for  two  years  in  the  coal  mines  at  Amot,  Tioga 


BIOQEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  1019 


county.  He  then  went  to  Elkland  township  and  worked  on  a  farm  three  years; 
next  rented  a  farm  near  Osceola,  on  which  he  remained  until  he  came  to  Tioga  town- 
ship, in  1893.  He  rented  the  T.  J.  Berry  farm  of  300  acres,  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  horongh  of  Tioga,  which  he  has  since  managed  with  success,  and  now  ranks 
among  the  intelligent  and  progTessive  farmers  of  the  township.  He  devotes  his 
efforts  to  dairying  and  the  growing  of  grain  and  tobacco,  and  is  enjoying  the  pros- 
perity due  to  persistent  and  well-directed  industry.  Mr.  Bergh  was  married  Sep- 
tember 15,  1883,  to  Anna  Mangnuson,  a  native  of  Sweden,  to  which  union  have 
been  born  the  following  children:  Charles  J.,  Jennie  C,  Frank  A.,  Oscar  W.  and 
James  Walter.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bergh  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent 
of  the  Lutheran  church.  He  is  a  member  of  Elkland  Lodge,  No.  800,  I.  0.  0.  F., 
and  of  Tioga  Tent,  No.  176,  K.  0.  T.  M.  His  brother,  John  A.,  is  a  farmer  at  Elk- 
land; Otto,  another  brother,  lives  in  Tioga;  while  his  sisters,  Emma  Sophia,  widow 
of  Olaf  Danielson;  Caroline,  wife  of  John  Hanson,  and  Ida,  wife  of  Alexander 
Anderson,  reside  in  Amot,  Tioga  county. 

LAWEENCE    TOWNSHIP    AND    LAWKENCETILLE. 

*HoN.  James  Foed  was  born  at  Morristown,  JSTew  Jersey,  March  4,  1783.  This 
branch  of  the  Ford  family  came  from  Middlesex  county,  England,  six  miles  from  the 
city  of  London,  between  the  years  1636  and  1660.  Eecords  do  not  agree  on  this 
point.  They  were  of  the  gentry  and  bore  arms.  Much  of  the  data  obtained  from  old 
records  leads  to  the  belief  that  Marshfield,  Massachusetts,  was  their  first  place  of 
settlement  in  America.  Four  brothers,  Charles,  William,  Oswald  and  Samuel,  went 
from  Massachusetts  to  New  Jersey,  settling  in  Piscataway,  Woodbridge  and  Morris- 
town.  Charles,  the  ancestral  grandfather  of  James  Ford,  married  Meribah  Thorn- 
well,  to  which  union  were  bom  nine  children.  The  third,  Benjamin  Ford,  married 
Jemima  Walker,  a  daughter  of  Hon.  Thomas  Walker,  son  of  Capt.  Samuel  Walker, 
who  was  a  member  of  His  Majesty's  Council  under  Lord  Cornberry,  governor  of 
East  and  West  Jersey  and  New  York.  Captain  Walker  was  named  for  governor 
just  before  the  Eevolutionary  War  broke  out.  The  Walker  family  and  Benjamin 
Ford  were  Tories,  and  refusing  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States, 
their  property  was  confiscated  and  they  were  obliged  to  flee  to  New  York  City  for 
protection.  Captain  Walker  died  in  that  city  and  was  buried  in  Old  Trinity  church- 
yard. At  an  early  age  James  Ford  went  with  John  P.  Ryers,  as  clerk,  to  a  little  settle- 
ment not  far  from  Lawrenceville.  About  1816  he  purchased  land  on  the  Cowan- 
esque  river  and  built  for  himself  a  home,  yet  standing  in  Lawrenceville,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death.  He  named  the  new  settlement  "Lawrence,"  in  honor  of 
Captain  Lawrence  of  "Don't  give  u.p  the  Ship"  fame.  Old  family  letters  show 
that  it  was  called  Lawrence  for  many  years.  Mr.  Ford  was  very  successful  in  busi- 
ness, a  man  of  rare  intelligence  and  advanced  ideas,  energetic,  quick  to  see,  reso- 
lute to  do  and  ready  to  venture  on  any  new  enterprise  which  promised  success. 
Nothing  better  was  to  be  found  in  the  settlement  than  the  lumber  and  flour  from 
his  mills  which  he  shipped  to  southern  markets.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  public 
affairs,  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  state  legislature,  and  two  terms  as 
representative  of  this  district  in  Congress  during  I^resident  Jackson's  administra- 


*  Contributed  by  Mrs.  M.  L.  Beaumont. 


1020  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tiorij  with  wlioni  he  corresponded  for  a  time.  He  was  also  a  friend  and  corres- 
pondent of  James  Buchanan.  Mr.  Ford  married  Maria  Lindsley,  a  daughter  of 
Judge  Eleazer  and  Eunice  (Halsey)  Lindsley,  and  grand-daughter  of  Col.  Eleazer 
Lindsley,  who  soon  after  the  Eevolution  purchased  a  tract  of  land  six  mUes  square, 
now  Lindley  township,  Steuben  county.  New  York.  Colonel  Lindsley's  first  visit 
to  this  part  of  the  country  was  with  General  Sulliyan  on  his  march  from  the  Wyom- 
ing valley,  the  year  after  the  Massacre,  through  to  the  lake  country  to  punish  the 
Indians  for  their  ravages  and  atrocities.  Maria  Lindsley  was  a  direct  descendant, 
through  Eunice  (Halsey)  Lindsley,  of  Lion  Gardiner,  Lord  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and 
of  Jeremiah  Conkling,  the  ancestor  of  the  Hon.  Eoscoe  Conkling.  To  James  and 
Maria  Ford  were  bom  the  following  children:  Charles  H.  L.,  who  married  Eliza 
Cruger,  a  daughter  of  General  Cruger;  Mary  L.,  who  married  Milton  P.  Orton,  M. 
D.;  Emily  C,  who  married  Eev.  George  E.  H.  Shumway,  and  Susan  Eliza,  who 
married  Col.  Charles  Dorranee,  of  Wilkes-Barre,  a  grandson  of  Col.  George  Dor- 
rance,  who  fell  in  defense  of  home  and  country  at  the  Wyoming  Massacre.  Charles 
Dorranee  spent  a  long,  useful  and  honorable  life  near  the  place  where  his  heroic 
grandfather  was  slain  by  the  cruel  savages.  James  Ford  was  a  friend  to  the  poor  and 
rich  alike,  and  a  man  who  never  spoke  ill  of  any  one  or  allowed  others  to  do  so  in 
his  presence.  He  filled  a  prominent  place  in  the  early  history  of  Tioga  county, 
and  died  at  his  home  in  Lawrenceville,  in  1859.  He  was  laid  to  rest  in  the  family 
burying  ground,  set  apart  by  Colonel  Lindsley  for  that  purpose. 

De.  Simbon  Powbe  is  one  of  the  well-remembered  pioneer  physicians  of  Tioga 
county,  where  he  settled  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine  more  than  ninety  years 
ago.  He  was  bom  in  Guilford,  Vermont,  July  5,  1784.  His  parents  were  Manasseh 
and  Susannah  (Paine)  Power,  the  former  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Massachusetts,  and 
the  latter  of  Chatham,  on  Cape  Cod.  His  father  was  a  Teteran  of  the  Eevolution. 
Dr.  Power  came  on  horseback  to  this  county  in  1805,  arriving  at  Samuel  Miller's, 
at  what  is  now  Millerton,  in  the  evening.  He  intended  to  remain  there  over  night, 
but  finding  what  he  thought  to  be  a  rough  gathering  he  rode  on  through  the  dark 
forest,  made  hideous  by  the  howling  of  wild  animals,  and  finally  arrived  near  day- 
break at  the  home  of  Ira  Kilbum,  who  lived  on  the  site  of  what  is  now  the  borough 
of  Lawrenceville.  Here  Dr.  Power  decided  to  "hang  out  his  shingle,"  but  after  a 
short  stay  he  removed  to  Knoxville  and  from  there  to  Tioga — ^then  the  principal 
village  in  the  county.  While  in  Tioga  he  was  married  to  Polly  Inscho,  February 
2, 1809,  a  daughter  of  Obadiah  Inscho,  who  settled  on  the  Cowanesque  river  in  1798. 
She  was  bom  in  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania,  September  38,  1788,  and  was 
about  ten  years  old  when  her  parents  came  to  Tioga  county.  In  1831  Dr.  Power 
returned  to  Lawrenceville,  where  he  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  first  purchased  a  small  tract  of  land  within  the 
village  limits.  This  he  sold  and  then  bought  a  farm  near  the  western  limits  of  the 
town,  and  built  the  "Eed  House"  on  Cowanesque  street,  now  one  of  the  old  land- 
marks of  Lavrrenceville.  Dr.  Power  and  wife  reared  seven  children,  viz:  Mary,  who 
married  Samuel  Eyon;  Susan,  who  married  Frederick  Thnrber;  Judith,  who 
became  the  wife  of  George  Thurber;  Simeon  L,  who  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga 
county  in  1858  and  died  at  Lawrenceville;  Dyer,  a  resident  of  that  borough;  Caro- 
line, now  residing  in  Lawrenceville,  who  married  George  Prutsman,  of  Tioga,  and 


BIOGEAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  1021 


after  his  death  Enoch  Blaekwell,  of  Nelson;  and  Samantha,  who  lives  in  Corning. 
The  four  oldest  children  are  dead.  Dr.  Power  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the  early 
political  history  of  the  county.  In  1815. he  was  elected  the  second  sheriff  of  Tioga, 
which  ofBce  he  filled  three  years,  and  in  1851  he  was  chosen  an  associate 
judge  and  sat  upon  the  bench  the  full  term  of  five  years.  An  ardent  Democrat 
up  to  the  war,  he  gave  a  loyal  support  to  the  Union  cause,  but  gradually  drifted 
into  the  Kepublican  party.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Lawrenceville,  December  19, 
1863.  His  wife  survived  him  until  March  14,  1868,  both  dying  in  the  eightieth 
year  of  their  age.  They  sleep  side  by  side  in  the  Power  Cemetery,  which  was  laid 
out  on  their  farm.  During  the  early  years  of  his  professional  labors.  Dr.  Power's 
practice  extended  over  a  vast  territory — ^westward  up  the  Cowanesque  into  Potter 
county;  south  as  far  as  Williamsport,  and  northward  to  Addison,  Painted  Post  and 
Bath.  A  man  of  fine  education,  a  good  physician,  and  always  kind  and  charitable 
to  suffering  humanity,  his  memory  is  revered  by  his  descendants  and  the  people 
of  the  community  in  which  he  spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  life. 

John  Eton,  Sb.,  was  b&rn  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  March  10,  1748,  while  his 
parents  were  en  route  to  New  York.  His  father.  Sir  Anthony  Ryon,  was  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  died  soon  after  coming  to  America.  John  grew  to  maturity  in  New 
York,  whence  he  removed  to  the  Wyoming  valley,  in  Pennsylvania,  prior  to  the 
Eevolutionary  War.  Here  he  married  Sarah  Goodale,  a  native  of  Long  Island,  and 
settled  near  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Revolution,  in 
which  he  served  nearly  six  years.  His  name  appears  on  the  rolls  as  a  private  in 
Capt.  Thaddeus  Weed's  Company  (formerly  Capt.  Solomon  Strong's  Company), 
Fifth  Connecticut  regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  Philip  D.  Bradley,  from  July, 
1777,  to  December,  1780,  with  the  remark,  "Enlisted  October  20th,  for  during  the 
war."  In  1779  he  was  with  Sullivan's  expedition  against  the  Indians  of  the  lake 
country.  The  records  also  show  that  he  served  as  a  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Company 
(formerly  Capt.  Thaddeus  Weed's),  Second  Connecticut  regiment,  commanded  by 
Col.  Heman  Swift,  from  March,  1781,  to  April,  1783.  During  a  portion  of  his 
services  he  was  employed  in  the  commissary  department.  New  York  City,  superin- 
tending the  manufacturing  of  clothing  for  the  ajrmy.  He  was  subsequently  pen- 
sioned by  the  state  of  Connecticut  for  his  services  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
While  stationed  in  New  York  he  was  visited  by  his  wife,  who  rode  the  whole  distance 
from  Wilkes-Barre  on  horseback,  carrying  her  infant  son,  Benjamin,  in  her  arms, 
and  leaving  her  son,  William,  with  friends  in  the  Wyoming  valley.  Though  the 
route  was  infested  with  hostile  Indians,  the  brave  wife  returned  to  her  home  in 
safety,  but  both  she  and  Benjamin  died  soon  after  from  smallpox,  contracted  during 
the  trip.  After  the  war  closed  Mr.  Ryon  returned  to  the  Wyoming  valley,  where  he 
found  his  son,  William,  alive  but  sadly  neglected.  When  William  grew  up  he 
married  Miss  Marcy,  a  cousin  of  Governor  Marcy,  of  New  York,  settled  in  Wayne 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  there  died.  Mr.  Eyon's  second  wife  was  the  widow  of 
Captain  Inman,  who  was  killed  in  the  Wyoming  Massacre.  Two  sons,  James  and 
John,  and  a  daughter,  Betsey,  were  bom  of  this  union.  A  few  years  after  his 
marriage  to  Mrs.  Inman,  Mr.  Ryon-  removed  with  his  family  to  Southport,  New 
York,  and  later  to  Newtown,  now  a  part  of  Elmira,  where  his  wife  and  daughter  died. 
In  the  spring  of  1811  his  sons  removed  with  a  colony  of  settlers  to  the  Cowanesque 


1022  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


valley,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  the  site  of  Elkland,  where  the 
father  joined  them  later.  He  served  as  postmaster  at  that  place,  then  called  Kyons- 
ville,  from  1833  to  1830,  and  died  January.  20, 1833.  His  son,  James,  subsequently 
removed  to  Illinois,  while  John  remained  in  this  county  and  became  one  of  its  most 
distinguished  citizens. 

Judge  John  Eyon,  son  of  John  Eyon,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  the  Wyoming  valley, 
near  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  January  1,  1787.  He  came  with  the  colony  to  the 
site  of  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  in  March,  1811,  but  did  not  bring  his  family  until 
the  following  month.  Here  he  cleared  a  large  farm,  engaged  in  merchandising,  and 
followed  the  mercantile  and  farming  occupations  for  many  years.  About  1848  he 
removed  to  Lawrenceville  and  purchased  the  present  Eyon  homestead,  known  as 
"The  Elms,"  where  he  carried  on  the  mercantile  business  and  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  Judge  Eyon  was  a  self-made  man,  a  politician  of  considerable  note, 
and  one  of  the  leading  Democrats  of  Tioga  county.  In  1816  he  was  elected  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  many  years.  In  1819  he  was  elected 
a  county  commissioner.  He  represented  this  district  three  terms  in  the  legislature, 
1831,  1833  and  1833,  and  was  state  senator  in  1824-35.  In  1839  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  West  Branch  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  canal,  which 
position  he  filled  with  ability  and  honor.  On  January  29,  1833,  he  was  appointed 
an  associate  judge  of  Tioga  county,  and  served  on  the  bench  continuously  up  to 
March,  1847.  He  also  held  several  military  positions  in  the  militia,  the  highest 
being  that  of  lieutenant  colonel.  Judge  Eyon  was  a  kind,  courteous,  Christian  man, 
and  an  active  worker  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  A  few  years  prior  to  his  removal 
to  the  Cowanesque  valley,  he  married  Susannah  Tubbs,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Tubbs, 
a  pioneer  of  the  Cowanesque.  She  was  bom  in  Newtown,  now  a  part  of  Elmira,  New 
York,  and  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  as  follows:  Sally,  who  married 
Col.  Philip  Taylor,  of  Elkland,  and  died  in  Osceola,  March  1,  1896;  Samuel,  a 
deceased  farmer  of  Lawrence  township;  George  L.,  who  died  in  the  same  township, 
April  3,  1897;  Emily,  widow  of  Dr.  E.  D.  Benedict,  of  Westfield;  Harris  T.,  of 
Nelson;  Harriet,  deceased  wife  of  Joseph  Barker,  of  Chicago;  Charles  and  Mary, 
both  deceased;  John  W.,  a  lawyer  and  ex-congressman  of  Pottsville;  Eobert  T., 
a  resident  of  Columbia,  Pennsylvahia;  James,  an  ex-judge  of  Schuylkill  county, 
now  living  in  Pottsville,  and  Wallace  P.,  who  resides  in  the  old  homestead  at  Law- 
renceville. Judge  Eyon  died  at  his  home  in  Lawrenceville,  July  33,  1859.  His 
widow  survived  him  nearly  twenty-two  years,  dying  March  5,  1881.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  prominent  and  successful  men  in  northern  Pennsylvania,  and  a  leader  in 
the  Democratic  party  throughout  his  long  and  active  career.  His  public  and  private 
life  was  ever  governed  by  the  Eyon  family  motto — "Death  before  Dishonor." 

Samuel  Eyon,  eldest  son  of  Judge  John  Eyon,  was  bom  in  what  is  now  Elmira, 
New  York,  March  10, 1811,  and  was  reared  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  assisted  his  father  in  clearing  off  the  forest  then  covering  the  site  of  that 
borough.  In  1833  he  and  his  brother,  George  L.,  opened  a  store  in  Elkland,  which 
they  carried  on  up  to  1843.  On  January  27, 1833,  he  married  Mary  Power,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Simeon  Power,  a  pioneer  physician  of  the  Cowanesque  valley.  Three 
children,  Alexander  H.,  Simeon  P.  and  Norman  H.,  grew  to  maturity  from  this 
union,  the  last  being  the   only  survivor  of  the  family.    Simeon  P.  represented 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1023 


Columbia  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  legislature,  and  died  during  his  term,  April 
12,  1876.  Samuel  Eyon  possessed  a  good  education,  was  a  fine  mathematician,  and 
served  as  assistant  ciyil  engineer  on  the  Pennsylvania  canal  while  his  father  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature.  He  was  extensively  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering 
on  the  Cowanesque,  near  Lawrenceville,  whither  he  removed  from  Elkland,  and 
also  operated  a  grist  and  woolen-mill  at  the  same  place  for  many  years.  Politically, 
a  life-long  Democrat,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Kyonsville,  now  Elkland, 
April  24,  1834,  by  William  T.  Barry,  postmaster  general  under  President  Jackson, 
and  served  a  full  term.  Mr.  Eyon  spent  the  latter  years  of  his  life  in  Lawrenceville, 
where  he  died  April  36,  1877.  His  wife  died  August  13,  1876.  She  was  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  while  he  adhered  to  the  Presbyterian  faith. 

GrEOEGE  L.  Rton,  sccond  son  of  Judge  John  Ryon,  was  born  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  June  28, 1813.  He  was  educated  principally  in  the  common  schools  at  Elk- 
land, but  finished  his  education  by  attending  school  at  Harrisburg.  When  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  commenced  business  as  a  merchant  in  partnership  with  his  older 
brother,  Samuel,  at  Elkland,  where  they  carried  on  business  for  eleven  years.  In 
1838  he  succeeded  his  brother,  Samuel,  as  postmaster  at  Elkland.  In  connection 
with  merchandising  they  carried  on  lumbering  quite  extensively.  By  the  flood  of 
1843  they  lost  heavily,  and  were  compelled  to  give  up  the  lumber  business.  Mr. 
Eyon  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  and  cultivated  the  old  homestead  at 
Elkland  for  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  purchased  an  interest  in  a  large 
tract  of  land  near  Elkland,  and  began  the  work  of  clearing  and  improving  it.  He 
was  a  noted  pilot,  knowing  every  part  of  the  water  from  this  county  down  the 
Cowanesque,  Tioga,  Chemung  and  Susquehanna  rivers  to  Port  Deposit,  Maryland, 
a  matter  of  importance  in  early  days,  as  much  depended  on  the  skill  and  knowledge 
of  the  pilot  in  charge  of  the  immense  rafts  that  were  staxted  from  this  county  to  tide- 
water. Mr.  Ryon  was  a  captain  in  the  State  Militia,  and  for  many  years  a  prominent 
figure  at  the  "trainings,"  as  they  were  then  called.  He  commanded  the  Elkland 
Guards,  and  one  of  his  grandsons  is  now  in  possession  of  the  sword  presented  to  him, 
which  was  at  that  time  said  to  be  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  State.  He  was  also  a 
noted  rifle  shot,  and  in  his  more  youthful  days  was  a  keen  sportsman.  In  1849  he 
sold  out  his  interests  at  Elkland  and  purchased  his  late  homestead  farm  near  Law- 
renceville, upon  which  he  resided  until  his  death,  April  3,  1897,  in  the  eighty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age.  In  1836  he  married  Hannah  Hammond,  a  daughter  of  David 
Hammond,  of  Elkland,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  five  of  whom 
died  in  early  infancy.  The  remaining  eight  are  named  as  follows:  Ellen  0.,  who 
married  W.  T.  Rhodes,  of  Tioga,  and  died  April  2,  1890;  George  W.,  a  prominent 
lawyer  and  banker  of  Shamokin;  Alvin  P.,  an  attorney  of  Lock  Haven;  Majy  M., 
wife  of  H.  L.  Fitch,  of  New  Hampton,  Iowa;  John  A.,  a  jeweler  of  Charles  City, 
Iowa;  Alice  H.,  wife  of  Clark  S.  Ingraham,  a  druggist  of  Elmira,  'New  York;  Wil- 
liam W.,  a  lawyer  of  Shamokin,  and  David  H.,  a  farmer  of  Lawrence  township. 
Mrs.  Ryon  died  at  the  old  homestead  June  9,  1888,  after  a  happy  married  life  of 
more  than  half  a  century.  Mr.  Eyon  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  in  which  he  filled  the  office  of  trustee  for  many  years.  In  politics  he  was 
aa  ardent  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  always  took  a  commendable  in- 
terest in  public  afPairs,  filling  acceptably  for  many  years  the  ofiice  of  school  director 


X024  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

and  other  official  positions.  He  was  one  of  the  most  respected  citizens  of  Tioga 
county,  in  which  his  entire  life  was  passed.  In  private  life  he  was  a  dignified,  un- 
obtrnsive  gentleman,  very  sociable  and  hospitable  in  his  disposition,  and  when  death 
called  him  at  the  close  of  a  busy  and  useful  life,  he  left  a  record  of  a  long  and 
honorable  career  as  a  valuable  inheritance  and  example  for  his  children. 

Harris  T.  Eyon,  third  son  of  Judge  John  Kyon,  was  bom  in  Elkland,  Tioga 
county,  January  9, 1816,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  then  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  at  Elkland  for  two  years,  and  later  embarked  in  farming  in  Nelson 
township,  clearing  a  part  of  the  farm  now  owned  by  Shaw  and  Tubbs.  In  1849  he 
located  at  Lawrenceville,  where  he  was  engaged  in  general  merchandising  eight 
years.  Eetuming  to  Nelson  in  1861,  he  resumed  agriculture,  and  has  cleared  and 
improved  most  of  the  farm  of  eighty  acres  he  now  occupies.  Mr.  Ryon  has  been 
twice  married.  In  1837  he  married  Hannah  M.,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Mary 
(Champlin)  Congdon,  of  Steuben  county.  New  York.  She  bore  him  two  children 
who  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Alzadia,  and  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  R.  C.  Bailey.  Mrs.  Ryon 
died  in  1842,  and  the  following  year  he  married  Elizabeth  Sherwood,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Lucy  Sherwood,  of  Orleans  county.  New  York.  Two  children  have 
been  bom  to  this  union:  John  S.,  a  lawyer  of  Elkland,  and  Emma  A.,  wife  of  John 
D.  James.  Mr.  Ryon  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  in  politics,  a  Repub- 
lican, and  is  one  of  the  representative  farmers  of  Nelson  township.  He  has  lived 
in  the  Cowanesque  valley  more  than  eighty  years. 

Wallace  Pulaski  Ryon  was  bom  in  Elkland,  Tioga  county,  July  18,  1836, 
and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Judge  John  Ryon.  He  was  educated  in  the  Lawrenceville 
Academy,  at  Lawrenceville,  in  Lima  College,  at  Lima,  New  York,  and  in  Dickinson 
Seminary,  at  Williamsport,  and  also  studied  under  the  private  tutorship  of  Rev. 
Sidney  Mills.  He  read  law  with  Hon.  John  "W.  Ryon,  now  a  resident  of  Pottsville, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Tioga  county,  at  Wellsboro,  in  1861.  He  next  clerked 
for  his  brother,  John  W.,  who  was  a  paymaster  in  the  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Corps, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1863  located  at  Tamaqua,  Pennsylvania,  for  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  remaining  there  one  year.  He  then  removed  to  Pottsville  with  his 
brother,  John  W.,  where  he  followed  his  profession  up  to  1879.  From  1869  to  1873 
he  was  also  cashier  of  the  Pennsylvania  National  Bank,  of  Pottsville,  and  in  1873 
was  president  of  the  Merchant's  Exchange  Bank  of  that  place.  In  1879  he  removed 
to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  connected  with  the  coal  and  iron  business  up  to  1883, 
in  which  year  he  returned  to  the  old  homestead  in  Lawrenceville.  He  has  since 
devoted  himself  to  farming  and  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Like  his  father,  Mr. 
Ryon  was  a  Democrat,  and  for  many  years  gave  his  active  support  to  that  party. 
He  was  connected  with  the  secret  service  of  the  postal  department  during  President 
Cleveland's  first  administration,  and  was  appointed  by  Postmaster-General  Vilas, 
president  of  a  commission  composed  of  postal  experts  to  investigate  the  public 
service  in  the  first  and  second-class  postoffices  in  the  United  States,  and  to  formu- 
late a  uniform  system  of  classification  and  compensation  therein.  Mr.  Ryon  was 
married  at  Tamaqua,  Pennsylvania,  October  8,  1863,  to  Mary  S.  Rice,  a  daughter 
of  Edward  L.  Rice,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware.  Mrs.  Ryon  comes  of  a  family  distin- 
guished in  the  early  annals  of  the  Colonies.  On  her  father's  side  she  is  a  descendant 
of  Don  Eduardo  Eeice,  a  Spanish  refugee  who  settled  at  what  is  now  Eastport,  Maine, 


BIOGEAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  1025 


and  whose  descendants  afterwards  settled  in  Massachusetts,  Delaware  and  Ohio. 
The  Delaware  branch  of  the  family  is  well  known  in  the  early  history  of  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Delaware  ri\-er.  Her  great-great-grandfather,  Evan  Eice,  was  judge 
of  the  courts  from  1756  to  1777,  and  her  grandfather,  Washington  Eice,  was  one  of 
the  early  business  men  of  Wilmington,  being  an  importer  of  teas,  coffees  and  spices. 
Her  father,  Edward  L.  Eice,  succeeded  his  father  in  business,  and  after  an  honorable 
and  successful  career  of  twenty-five  years,  retired.  He  was  bom  in  Wilmington, 
January  2,  1811,  and  was  one  of  Delaware's  most  prominent  and  respected  citizens. 
During  the  Eebellion  he  gave  largely  to  the  Union  cause.  In  politics,  he  was  origin- 
ally a  Whig,  but  later  a  Eepublican.  He  was  twice  tendered  the  nomination  for 
governor  of  his  State,  but  refused  to  accept  the  honor.  An  enthusiastic  sportsman, 
he  was  known  by  the  appellation  of  the  "Nimrod  of  Delaware."  He  died  November 
21, 1891,  after  a  long  life  of  honor  and  usefulness.  On  her  mother's  side,  Mrs.  Eyon 
comes  from  the  sturdy  Swedish  stock  that  first  settled  in  Delaware.  The  old  Colonial 
records  give  the  Naff  family  prominence  in  the  affairs  of  the  Colony  at  Wilmington. 
Several  of  her  Swedish  ancestors  were  Eevolutionary  soldiers,  serving  principally 
in  Washington's  army.  Six  children  have  been  bom  to  Wallace  P.  and  Mary  S. 
Eyon,  viz:  Edward  Anderson,  Estella  Eice,  Wallace  Herbert,  James  Percy,  John 
Naff,  deceased,  and  Mary  Edith  Louise.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church,  of  Lawrenceville,  in  which  Mr.  Eyon  is  junior  warden. 

HiHAM  Beebe  was  born  in  Canaan,  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  there  grew 
to  maturity,  and  then  came  to  Owego,  New  York,  where  he  and  a  man  named  HoUa- 
bert  carried  on  a  store  for  two  or  three  years.  In  1815  they  came  to  Lawrenceville, 
and  opened  the  first  store  in  the  village,  on  the  south  comer  of  Cowanesque  and 
Main  streets,  under  the  firm  name  of  Beebe  &  Hollabert.  The  latter  remained  only 
a  few  years,  but  Mr.  Beebe  continued  the  business  until  1840,  when  he  sold  out  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Hunt  Pomeroy,  and  opened  a  store  at  Nelson,  in  which 
he  was  interested  ten  years.  Soon  after  coming  to  Lawrenceville,  Mr.  Beebe  married 
Margaret  Allen,  of  Owego,  who  bore  him  two  children,  both  of  whom  died  in  youth. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  influential  Democrats  in  Tioga  county,  and  for  that  reason 
was  locally  named  "King  Hiram."  He  was  postmaster  at  Lawrenceville  many  years. 
In  1822  he  was  elected  a  county  commissioner,  and  again  in  1826.  In  connection 
with  merchandising,  he  also  carried  on  the  lumber  business  quite  extensively,  and 
was  agent  for  the  Bingham  lands  until  Mr.  Clymer  succeeded  him.  Mr.  Beebe  and 
wife  both  died  prior  to  the  Eebellion. 

Anson  Beebe,  a  brother  of  Hiram,  came  to  Lawrenceville  in  1817  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  gloves  and  mittens,  which  business  he  followed  until  his  death, 
in  February,  1830.  He  married  Lucy  Lincoln,  a  native  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Edward,  who  died  in  infancy;  Charles,  of 
Lawrenceville;  Harriet,  wife  of  Morgan  Seely,  of  Osceola;  Mariah,  who  married 
Jacob  Prutsman,  of  Tioga,  and  James,  the  last  two  of  whom  are  dead.  Mrs.  Beebe 
died  in  1875. 

Chaeles  Beebe  was  bom  in  Lawrenceville,  September  10, 1819,  a  son  of  Anson 

and  Lucy  Beebe.    At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  learning  the  wagon-maker's  trade 

with  Charles  Powers,  whose  business  he  purchased  in  the  fall  of  1840.    He  carried 

on  wagon-making  at  Lawrenceville  imtil  February,  1885,  a  period  of  nearly  forty- 

65 


1026  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

five  years,  when  he  fell  and  broke  his  right  hip,  which  compelled  him  to  retire  from 
active  work.  On  January  1,  1848,  Mr.  Beebe  married  Martha  Dodd,  of  Spencer, 
New  York,  and  has  one  daughter,  Mary  C,  wife  of  B.  F.  Madison,  of  Galeton, 
Potter  county.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  Presbyterian.  Mr. 
Beebe  is  the  oldest  native  born  resident  of  Lawrenceville,  and  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  best  posted  men  on  local  history  in  the  Cowanesque  valley. 

Dh.  Lewis  Daeling,  Sh.,  one  of  the  well-remembered  pioneer  physicians  of 
Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Woodstock,  "Windsor  county,  Vermont,  March  4,  1804, 
a  son  of  Seth  and  Chloe  (Marsh)  Darling,  who  were  of  Puritan  stock.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  the  Woodstock  Academy,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  graduated  from  Dartmouth  University.  Three  years  later,  in  1839,  he  took 
his  degree  of  M.  D.,  at  the  same  institution,  and  soon  afterwards  started  west,  driving 
from  Vermont  to  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  the  same  year.  In  1831  he  removed  to  Lawrenceville,  where  he  continued 
in  active  practice  for  fifty-one  years.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  One 
Himdred  and  Sixty-first  New  York  Volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  served 
under  General  Banks  in  the  department  of  the  gulf,  accompanying  his  regiment 
through  the  famous  Eed  River  Campaign.  Owing  to  poor  health  he  was  finally 
obliged  to  resign  and  return  to  his  home,  where  he  resumed  practice.  In  1871  he 
was  appointed  examining  surgeon  for  the  pension  department,  a  position  he  held 
until  his  death,  July  15,  1882.  Dr.  Darling  was  married  October  17,  1831,  to  Lucy 
M.  Parsons,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Luke  Parsons,  a  cavalry  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812. 
Eight  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Otis  G.  and  Louis,  both 
of  whom  died  in  infancy;  Horace  M.,  a  resident  of  Southport,  New  York;  Bostock 
J.  and  Parsons  L.,  both  deceased;  Lewis,  a  well-known  physician  of  Lawrence- 
ville; Thomas  V.,  deceased,  and  Emeline  G.,  who  graduated  at  Hartford  Female 
College  in  1865,  and  resides  with  her  brother  in  Lawrenceville. 

HoBACE  M.  Daeling,  son  of  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.,  was  bom  Febmary  2, 1835, 
was  educated  at  Hobart  College,  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  University  of 
Michigan,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Painted  Post,  New  York,  in 
1858.  One  year  later  he  removed  to  Helena,  Arkansas,  where  he  practiced  his  pro- 
fession until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  when  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of 
the  First  Arkansas  regiment,  and  served  through  the  entire  war.  After  its  close  he 
located  at  Columbus,  Mississippi,  and  continued  in  practice  for  a  time,  when  owing 
to  failing  health  he  gave  up  his  professional  duties  and  again  entered  the  University 
of  Michigan,  taking  a  full  law  course,  and  graduating  with  the  degree  of  LL.B. 
He  then  located  at  Mahanoy  City,  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  became 
prominent  in  the  legal  profession  and  filled  the  of&ce  of  district  attorney.  Here 
he  married  Miss  Mollie  James,  at  whose  death  he  gave  up  his  legal  practice  and 
spent  two  years  in  travel,  at  the  end  of  which  period  he  located  at  Southport,  New 
York,  and  again  took  up  the  practice  of  medicine.  After  a  time  he  removed  to 
Coming,  but  two  years  later  returned  to  Southport,  where  he  now  resides  on  a  farm. 
Here  he  was  married  a  second  time  to  Miss  Mary  Webb. 

Paesons  L.  Daeling,  son  of  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.,  was  bom  on  January  5, 
1839,  was  educated  at  Hobart  College,  and  went  to  Helena,  Arkansas,  where  he 
became  principal  of  the  High  School.      At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES.  1027 


listed  in  the  First  Arkansas  regiment,  and  was  appointed  commissary  of  subsistence, 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  served  as  such  through  the  war.  He  then  went  to 
Columbus,  Mississippi,  and  studied  for  the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  but  giving  up  his  studies  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  died. 

Dk.  Lewis  Dahling  was  bom  in  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  October  19, 
1840,  a  son  of  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.  'He  was  educated  in  the  Lawrenceville 
Academy,  and  began  the  study  of  law  with  John  "W.  Kyon,  but  before  his  admission 
to  the  bar  he  went  west  and  clerked  in  a  bank  at  Independence,  Iowa,  for  one  year. 
He  then  returned  to  Lawrenceville  and  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  his  father, 
and  attended  the  Medical  College  of  Georgetown,  D.  C,  for  one  year.  At  the  end 
of  this  time  he  enlisted  as  assistant  surgeon,  and  did  hospital  duty  one  year  at  Wash- 
ington, when  he  was  assigned  to  the  western  army  and  served  in  the  hospitals  at  St. 
Louis  and  Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri.  He  was  also  surgeon  of  the  transport.  City 
of  Memphis,  engaged  in  carrying  sick  and  wounded  from  the  seat  of  war.  He 
was  at  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  July  4,  1863,  whence  he  returned  to  Jefferson 
Barracks,  and  was  later  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  and  served  in  the 
hospitals  at  Chattanooga  and  Knoxville  during  the  winter  of  1863-64.  In  the 
spring  of  1864  he  was  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  in  the  Georgia  Campaign,  and 
at  the  battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek  was  operating  surgeon  of  the  Twenty-third  Army 
Corps.  He  was  next  assigned  to  the  hospitals  at  Franklin  and  Knoxville,  Tennessee, 
and  later  went  to  Marietta,  Georgia,  where  he  resigned  from  the  army,  and  received 
permission  to  go  before  the  examining  board  for  an  appointment  as  surgeon  in  the 
United  States  navy,  and  was  first  assigned  to  the  Brooklyn  navy  yaj-d,  where  he 
served  as  one  of  the  board  of  examiners  for  recruits.  He  was  next  appointed  surgeon 
for  the  United  States  steamer  Florida,  but  before  going  to  sea,  he  was  detailed  and 
returned  to  duty  on  the  receiving  ship  North  Carolina,  then  in  the  Brooklyn  navy 
yard.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  detached  from  this  position  and  ordered  to  report  to 
the  South  Atlantic  Squadron,  under  the  command  of  Admiral  Dahlgren,  and  as- 
signed to  duty  in  the  naval  hospitals  at  Land's  End,  Island  of  St.  Helena  and  Port 
Eoyal  harbor.  After  serving  a  short  time  in  these  hospitals,  he  was  assigned  as  sur- 
geon to  the  United  States  steamer  Nahant,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Eetuming  home  he  entered  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann 
Arbor,  where  he  graduated  in  medicine  in  1866.  After  taking  a  post-graduate 
course,  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  practiced  a  few  months,  then  returned 
to  Lawrenceville  and  became  associated  with  his  father  in  practice,  which  continued 
until  the  death  of  the  latter.  He  then  succeeded  his  father  as  special  pension  ex- 
aminer, a  position  he  still  holds.  Dr.  Darling  is  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Medical  Society,  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Coming  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, the  Tioga  County  Medical  Association,  and  the  Association  of  Railway  Sur- 
geons of  the  United  States.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  E.  A.  U., 
being  medical  examiner  for  the  latter  society.  He  is  also  medical  examiner  for 
seventeen  life  insurance  companies,  and  local  surgeon  for  the  Fall  Brook  Eailroad 
Company.  On  January  1,  1867,  Dr.  Darling  married  Julia  L.  Day,  a  daughter  of 
Hon.  C.  E.  Day,  of  Avon,  Connecticut.  Three  sons  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
Tiz:  Arland  L.,  who  studied  medicine  under  his  father,  graduated  at  the  University 


]^Q28  HISTOBT    OF    TIOaA    COUNTT. 


of  Buffalo,  in  1892,  and  has  since  been  in  partnership  with  his  father;  Carlos  P.,  who 
graduated  at  Hobart  College  in  1894,  and  is  now  engaged  in  special  study,  and 
Walter  W.,  now  taking  a  post-graduate  course.  The  family  are  members  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church,  of  Lawrenceville,  in  which  Dr.  Darling  is  senioi' 
warden.  In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  served  as  assistajit  deputy  revenue 
collector  during  President  Johnson's  administration.  In  February,  1897,  he  was 
elected  burgess  of  Lawrenceville.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the  pro- 
motion of  education,  and  has  been  president  of  the  school  board  for  several  terms. 
Dr.  Darling  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading,  successful  physicians  of  his  native 

county. 

Thomas  V.  Daeling  was  born  in  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  October  17, 
1842,  youngest  son  of  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  Sr.  He  was  educated  at  Lawrenceville 
Academy,  where  he  was  a  student  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  He  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  Marine  Corps  and  served  four  years.  Eetuming  home  in  shattered 
health,  he  never  fully  recovered,  and  died  in  September,  1890.  He  married  Delphine 
Chase,  of  Lawrenceville,  who,  with  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  resides  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

*MiLTON  Paedee  Oeton,  M.  D.,  was  bom  at  Sharon,  Connecticut,  in  1795. 
His  paternal  ancestor,  Thomas  Orton,  came  to  Ancient  Windsor,  Connecticut,  in 
1640,  and  from  a  very  early  date  the  family  have  been  cultured,  literary  people. 
He  was  also  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Yale,  one  of  the  founders  of  Yale  College,  and 
of  George  Pardee,  of  New  Haven,  whose  parents  were  Huguenots  and  were  driven 
from  France  by  the  troubles  there.  George  Pardee  was  the  founder  of  the  famous 
Hopkins  Grammar  School,  of  New  Haven.  Dr.  Orton  was  also  descended  from 
Gapt.  Samuel  Turner,  of  New  Haven,  a  member  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable 
Artillery  and  distinguished  for  his  bravery.  He  graduated  at  Yale  with  honor, 
after  which  he  took  the  medical  course  at  the  same  institution.  In  1834  he  came  to 
Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  for  nearly  thirty 
years.  He  married  Mary  Lindsley  Ford,  oldest  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Ford.  They 
had  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  grew  to  matmity.  Mrs.  Orton  died  in  1852,  aged 
forty-two  years.  Dr.  Orton  died  February  3,  1864,  while  surgeon  in  charge  at 
Hatteras  Inlet.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  James  Ford;  Maria  Lindsley,  wife 
of  Col.  Eugene  B.  Beaumont,  U.  S.  A.,  a  retired  officer  now  living  at  Wilkes-Barre, 
who  served  in  the  War  of  the  Eebellion,  being  five  times  brevetted  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  service,  and  appointed  to  receive  Jefferson  Davis  when  the  latter  was 
captured;  Stella  Shoemaker,  widow  of  the  late  Joseph  F.  Rusling,  of  Lawrenceville; 
Charles  Ford,  who  married  Sarah  Morgan;  Ellen  Bicking,  who  married  James  H. 
Sherrerd,  of  Philadelphia;  Benjamin  Ford,  who  married  Isabella  A.  Pleasants, 
and  Chester  Butler  Orton. 

Joseph  Fowlee  Etjsling  was  born  in  Bridgton,  Cumberland  county.  New 
Jersey,  November  29,  1831,  a  son  of  Eev.  Sedgwick  and  Electa  W.  (Cummings) 
Rusling,  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  English  extraction.  His  parents  reared  a 
family  of  seven  children,  and  his  father  died  in  Lawrenceville  in  1876.  Joseph  F. 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  Jersey  and  at  Pennington  Seminary.    In 

♦.Contributed  by  Mrs.  M.  L.  Beaumont. 


BIOGBAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  1029 


September,  1847,  he  secured  a  clerkship  with  Bishop  &  Newell,  a  large  grocery, 
graia  and  coal  firm  of  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  Five  years  later  he  bought  the 
business  and  conducted  it  successfully  for  a  long  period.  In  1855  he  was  appointed 
an  agent  for  Asa  Packer  for  the  sale  of  coal  in  New  York  City.  He  shipped  the 
first  coal  by  rail  to  Newark,  New  Jersey,  connecting  the  New  Jersey  Central,  at 
Ehzabeth,  with  the  New  Jersey  railroad.  These  two  roads  having  difEerent  gauges, 
he  invented  the  broad  tread-wheel,  which  permitted  the  cars  to  go  direct  through 
to  Newark  without  unloading.  Mr.  EusUng  was  founder  and  president  of  the  second 
building  and  loan  association  in  the  United  States.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Eebellion,  he  secured  letters  from  President  Prelinghuysen,  of  Eutgers  College,  to 
President  Lincoln  and  Secretary  Seward,  and  going  to  Washington,  D.  C,  obtained 
a  contract  for  supplying  the  government  with  forage.  In  October,  1861,  he  was 
appointed  agent  of  the  government  to  handle  forage  shipped  over  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  railroad  under  Colonel  Ingals.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he  became  agent  of  the 
government  to  purchase  hay  and  oats  in  the  west,  ship  them  to  the  seat  of  war  and 
oversee  their  transportation.  While  thus  engaged  he  was  taken  sick  and  returned  to 
his  home  in  May,  1862,- and  for  two  years  was  unable  to  do  any  business.  In  1864 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  which  continued  to 
be  his  place  of  residence  until  his  death,  October  3,  1896.  The  first  year  of  his 
residence  in  this  village  he  bought  hay  and  grain  for  the  government.  In  1868 
he  embarked  in  the  hay  business  for  himself,  operating  at  times  as  many  as  fifteen 
presses,  and  continued  the  business  up  to  1873.  In  1871  he  invented  a  hay-tie,  which 
is  now  in  general  use,  and  the  same  year  he  erected  the  Eusling  block  in  Lawrence- 
ville. In  1878  he  took  charge  of  the  cattle  bill  in  Congress  for  the  Humane  Society, 
and  finally  secured  laws  for  the  better  transportation  of  live  stock  from  the  west 
to  the  eastern  markets.  On  December  23,  1857,  Mr.  Eusling  married  Stella  Shoe- 
maker Orton,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  M.  P.  Orton,  and  grand-daughter  of  Hon.  James 
Ford,  a  pioneer  of  Lawrenceville.  Six  children  were  born  to  this  union,  as  follows: 
Ehzabeth  L.,  wife  of  E.  D.  Brundage,  of  Wilkes-Barre;  Charles  S.,  Pord  0.,  Prank 
D.,  Henry  D.  and  Stella.  Mr.  Eusling  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  was  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  and  the  P.  &  A.  M.  societies. 
In  politics,  a  Eepublican,  he  was  burgess  of  Lawrenceville  and  president  of  the 
school  board  in  that  borough  at  difEerent  periods. 

JoHK  B.  Smith,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  at  Hornby,  Steuben  county, 
New  York,  March  14,  1838.  His  parents,  Hugh  and  Lydia  (Blendin)  Smith,  were 
natives  of  that  State,  and  reared  a  family  of  five  children,  viz:  David  P.,  a  deceased 
merchant  of  Eiceville,  Iowa;  John  B.,  of  Lawrenceville;  Harriet  E.,  wife  of  Edward 
Markham,  of  Eiceville;  Edward  E.,  a  merchant  at  Brownville,  Iowa,  and  Prank  A., 
a  merchant  of  Osage,  Iowa.  The  father  died  in  April,  1890,  aged  eighty-one  years. 
His  widow  resides  at  Osage,  Iowa,  aged  seventy-six  years.  John  B.  obtained  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  county,  read  medicine  under  Dr. 
Shannon,  of  Savona,  New  York,  and  Dr.  Harrington,  of  Coming,  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Buffalo,  and  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  commenced 
practice  at  Hornby,  New  York,  where  he  remained  for  eighteen  years.  In  1885 
he  located  in  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  and  has  since  built  up  a  lucrative  practice. 
Dr.  Smith  married  Lenora  Chapman,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Chapman,  of  Law- 


1030  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

renceville,  and  has  two  sons,  Lawrence  C.  and  Hugh  M.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  Eoyal  Arcanum;  also  of  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Medicine;  the 
Steuben  County  Medical  Society,  and  the  Tioga  County  Medical  Society.  In  poli- 
tics, he  is  a  Eepublican. 

Peleg  B.  Sandfoed,  retired  grocer,  was  born  near  Newark,  New  Jersey,  De- 
cember 8,  1814,  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Back)  Sandford,  natives  of  New 
Jersey  and  Connecticftt,  respectively.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  New  York 
City  in  boyhood,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  became  a  clerk  in  the  grocery  house 
of  James  H.  Cook,  of  New  York,  with  whom  he  remained  eleven  years.  He  then 
formed  a  partnership  with  Edmund  Driggs,  and  opened  a  grocery  store  at  the  comer 
of  Twelfth  and  Broadway,  where  they  continued  in  business  two  years,  and  then 
removed  to  the  comer  of  Houston  and  Eldridge  streets,  continuing  the  business 
there  up  to  1856.  In  that  year  Mr.  Sandford  sold  out  and  removed  to  Kidgebury 
township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased  a  farm,  upon  which  he 
lived  up  to  1879,  when  he  sold  a  part  of  it  and  located  at  Somer's  Lane,  in  Lawrence 
township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  erected  a  store  and  carried  on  the  mercantile 
business  until  1891,  when  he  sold  out  and  retired  to  Lawrenceville,  which  has  since 
been  his  home.  On  October  3,  1841,  he  married  Keziah  Maleomb,  who  bore  him 
six  children,  viz:  Susan  A.,  widow  of  Samuel  Wilson,  of  Clifton,  New  Jersey;  Peleg, 
a  resident  of  Caton,  New  York;  Isabella,  who  resides  at  home;  Catherine  E.,  who 
died  in  infancy,  and  Francis  and  Clara  J.,  twins,  the  former  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy, and  the  latter  the  wife  of  P.  L.  Califf,  of  Lawrenceville.  Mrs.  Sandford  died 
in  1873,  aged  fifty  years.    In  politics,  Mr.  Sandford  is  a  Democrat. 

Heney  Kibkland  was  born  in  England,  August  25,  1824,  and  came  to  New 
York  with  his  parents  when  ten  years  of  age,  settling  in  Utica.  After  attaining 
manhood,  he  married  Amanda  Hutchins,  who  became  the  mother  of  one  son,  William 
Henry,  now  a  resident  of  Goodyears,  New  York.  Mrs.  Kirkland  died  in  July,  1851, 
and  March  27,  1853,  he  married  Mrs.  Jane  Ann  Denton,  widow  of  Lorenzo  D. 
Denton.  She  is  the  mother  of  one  son  by  her  first  marriage,  namely:  James  H. 
Denton,  a  resident  of  Sayre,  Pennsylvania.  The  children  of  her  second  marriage 
are  named  as  follows:  George,  a  resident  of  Sayre,  Bradford  county;  Harriet 
Amanda,  wife  of  Leroy  Smith,  of  Smithboro,  New  York;  Lorenzo  D.,  who  died  in 
1889;  Francis  G.,  of  Lawrenceville,  and  Elmer,  who  lives  in  Elmira.  In  1865  Mr. 
Kirkland  removed  from  Painted  Post,  New  York,  to  Blossburg,  Pennsylvania,  and 
became  associated  with  Thomas  J.  Mooers  in  the  Blossburg  foundry,  the  firm  being 
Mooers  &  Kirkland.  In  the  spring  of  1868  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  business, 
because  of  failing  health,  and  died  July  27, 1868.  On  February  5,  1872,  Mrs.  Kirk- 
land married  John  Hicks,  of  Cayuta,  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  who  died  April 
27,  1875.  During  the  past  seven  years  Mrs.  Hicks  has  made  her  home  with  her  son 
in  Lawrenceville. 

Feancis  G.  KiEKLjiND,  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Kirkland,  of  Lawrenceville, 
was  bom  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  December  5,  1865,  a  son  of  Henry  and  Jane 
Ann  Kirkland.  When  he  was  not  quite  three  years  old  his  father  died,  and  his 
mother  removed  to  Painted  Post,  New  York,  where  he  received  a  common  school 
education.  In  July,  1882,  he  came  to  Lawrenceville  and  began  clerking  in  the 
Daggett  House.    During  the  succeeding  seven  years  he  clerked  in  stores  in  Com- 


BIOGHAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  1031 


ing,  Freeville,  Elmira  and  Havana,  New  York,  and  for  Wing  &  Bostwick,  of  Law- 
renceyille;  and  also  in  the  hotel  at  Lawrenceville,  and  the  Wilcox  House,  Wellsboro. 
In  February,  1890,  he  leased  the  hotel  at  Lawrenceville,  and  in  January,  1894, 
purchased  the  property  and  changed  the  name  to  the  Hotel  Kirkland.  Under  his 
management  the  house  has  prospered,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  hotels 
iu  Tioga  county.  Mr.  Kirkland  is  a  Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  is  now  serving  his 
second  term  as  a  member  of  the  borough  council.  He  is  connected  with  both  the 
lodge  and  encampment  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  in  religion,  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

Leon  A.  Chuhch,  editor  of  the  Lawrenceville  Herald,  was  born  April  30,  1860, 
in  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a  son  of  Theodore  C. 
and  Julia  (Dailey)  Church,  residents  of  Deerfield.  His  father  is  a  son  of  Daniel  D. 
Church,  who  came  from  Troupsburg,  New  York,  at  an  early  day  and  settled  in  Deer- 
field,  and  his  mother  is  a  daughter  of  Willis  B.  Dailey,  a  pioneer  of  Charleston 
township.  Leon  A.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  Mansfield  State 
Normal  School,  and  began  teaching  in  1877,  which  occupation  he  continued  for 
thirteen  years.  In  1883  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Knoxville  Courier,  with  the  in- 
tention of  learning  the  printing  trade,  and  during  the  next  two  years  he  worked  in 
Knoxville,  Westfield  and  Elkland,  when  not  engaged  in  teaching.  On  February  1, 
1892,  he  became  associated  with  W.  P.  Eyon,  of  Lawrenceville,  in  the  publication  of 
the  Herald,  which  partnership  still  continues.  Mr.  Church  was  married  September 
28,  1880,  to  Eleanor  C.  Corwin,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Martha  Corwin,  of  Deer- 
field,  and  has  three  children:  Myrtie  E.,  Mabel  I.  and  Herold  E.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Church  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  He  has  served  as  township  clerk  and  inspector  of  elections  in  Deerfield, 
and  is  now  filling  his  third  term  as  clerk  of  Lawrenceville  borough. 

Eleazeb  Baldwin,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  March,  1806,  and  located  in  Lawrencie  township,  on  the  farm  now  owned 
by  John  Irvin.  A  few  years  later  he  purchased  and  moved  to  the  property  now 
owned  by  the  widow  of  his  son,  Moses  S.  Baldwin.  He  married  Betsey  Stevens, 
February  3,  1803,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Buell,  Eleazer,  Eunice,  Moses 
S.  and  Thomas  L.  Mr.  Baldwin  died  on  the  homestead,  August  6,  1831,  in  the 
sixty-second  year  of  his  age. 

Moses  S.  Baldwiist  was  bom  on  the  Baldwin  homestead  in  Lawrence 
township,  Tioga  county,  September  22,  1815,  attended  the  pioneer  schools  of  his 
neighborhood,  and  endured  the  hardships  and  privations  of  those  early  days.  He 
made  lumbering  and  farming  his  principal  business  through  life,  and  was  an  ener- 
getic, progressive  man.  He  married  Millicent  H.  Wylie,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  B. 
and  Betsey  Wylie,  July  26,  1846.  She  was  bom  in  Susquehanna  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, November  5,  1825.  Eight  children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz: 
Mary  E.,  a  physiciaji  of  Newport,  Ehode  Island;  Buell,  and  another  son,  both  of 
whom  died  in  infancy;  Mose  S.,  of  Lawrence  township;  Kate  W.,  a  physician  of 
Philadelphia;  Daniel  W.,  a  well-known  laivyer  of  Westfield;  Lucy  D.,  and  Lemuel 
6.,  &  physician  of  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Mr.  Baldwin  died  December  13,  1867. 
In  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  filled  all  the  township  offices  at  different  periods, 
and  took  a  very  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 


1032  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


MosE  S.  Baldwin"  was  bom  on  the  Baldwin  farm  in  Lawrence  township, 
Tioga  county,  September  28,  1852,  and  is  the  oldest  living  son  of  Moses  S. 
Baldwin.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  State  Normal  School, 
at  Mansfield,  and  has  followed  agriculture  on  the  home  farm  up  to  the  present. 
He  married  Miss  Eose  Osbom.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the 
offices  of  township  clerk  and  school  director. 

Epheaim  Thomas  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1788,  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  about  1805,  and  finally  located  on  the  present  Thomas  farm  in  Lawrence 
township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  wife,  Sally,  bore  him  six  children, 
viz:  Sally,  who  married  John  Mourhess;  Betsey,  who  married  Luman  Peck;  Wil- 
liam, Ephraim,  Mary,  who  first  married  George  Madison,  and  for  her  second  hus- 
band, a  Mr.  MeClure,  and  Ezekiel,  a  farmer  of  Farmington  township.  Mr.  Thomas 
was  a  carpenter,  and  followed  that  trade  in  connection  with  farming.  He  was  also. 
a  local  Methodist  preacher,  and  died  on  September  8,  1852. 

William  Thomas,  eldest  son  of  Ephraim  Thomas,  was  bom  in  Lawrence 
township,  Tioga  county,  April  15,  1818,  was  reared  on  the  homestead,  and  fol- 
lowed farming  during  his  lifetime.  He  purchased  additional  land  to  that  taken 
up  by  his  father,  and  was  quite  a  prosperous  man.  His  wife,  Mary  Ann,  was  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Caroline  Crippen,  of  Farmington  township.  They  were 
married  September  22,  1844,  and  had  one  son,  William  E.  Mrs.  Thomas  died 
August  10,  1866,  and  her  husband,  February  17,  1892.  In  early  life  Mr.  Thomas 
was  a  Democrat,  but  later  united  with  the  Eepublican  pai-ty. 

De.  William  E.  Thomas,  only  child  of  William  Thomas,  was  bom  on  the 
homestead  faim  in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  February  28,  1858,  attended 
the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  on  the  place  of  his 
birth.  He  married  Flora  J.,  a  daughter  of  Amos  and  Harriet  Wingate,  the  young- 
est in  a  family  of  five  children.  She  was  bom  February  11,  1858,  and  is  the  mother 
of  four  children,  viz:  William  E.,  Cai-oline  C,  Charles  E.  and  Walter  E.  In  1881 
Dr.  Thomas  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Lewis  Darling,  of  Lawrenee- 
ville,  and  the  following  year  entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University 
of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor.  The  next  three  years  he  spent  at  the  University  of  Buf- 
falo, where  he  graduated  in  1886.  He  practiced  successfully  for  five  years,  when 
failing  health  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  profession.  Dr.  Thomas  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican. 
He  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  both  lodge  and  encampment.  He  is  one 
of  the  substantial  farmers  of  his  native  township,  where  he  owns  a  well-improved 
farm  of  185  acres. 

Julius  Tebmainb  was  bom  in  Steuben  county,  New  York,  October  4,  1814, 
and  was  the  second  son  of  Lyman  Tremaine.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
and  followed  lumbering  and  farming  the  greater  portion  of  his  life.  He  came  with 
his  father  to  Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  where  the  family  settled  on  the 
present  Tremaine  farm.  He  majried  Anna  Eoff,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Eoff.  She 
was  bom  September  30,  1814,  and  became  the  mother  of  seven  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Susan  A.,  wife  of  W.  M.  Winter,  of  Lawrence  township;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of 
Allen  T.  Porter,  of  the  same  township;  Charles  H.,  a  farmer  of  Lawrence;  George 
M.,  a  resident  of  Troupsburg,  Few  York;  William  B.,  who  lives  in  Lawrenceville; 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1033 


Levi  J.,  a  resident  of  La-wrence  township,  and  Mary  E.,  widow  of  E.  J.  Grant.  Mr. 
Tremaine  was  an  upright,  Christian  man,  a  successful  farmer,  and  a  prominent 
Democrat.  He  died  December  39,  1883.  His  widow  survived  him  over  nine  years, 
dying  January  31,  1893. 

Charles  H.  Tremaine,  eldest  son  of  Julius  Tremaine,  and  grandson  of  Ly- 
man Tremaine,  was  born  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Lawrence  township,  Tioga 
county,  February  4,  1841,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  upon  the  same  place.  He 
obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  worked  with  his  father  in  the  lumber 
business  until  the  death  of  the  latter,  when  he  bought  out  the  other  heirs  and  con- 
tinued the  business  alone.  On  November  21,  1865,  he  married  Thyrza  M.  Guile, 
a  daughter  of  Joseph  Guile.  She  was  bom  December  18,  1841,  and  has  two  chil- 
dren: Frank  B.,  a  farmer  on  the  old  homestead,  who  married  Maria  Kelts,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Delos  and  Maria  Kelts,  of  Lawrence  township,  and  has  two  chidren,  Charles 
D.  and  Gilbert  E.;  and  Julius  E.,  who  resides  at  home.  The  family  are  members  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Democratic  party. 
Mr.  Tremaine  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  both  lodge  and 
encampment.  He  has  served  as  a  school  director,  and  township  supervisor,  and 
is  one  of  the  well-known  citizens  of  the  township. 

Thomas  Knapp  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  in  1801,  and  the  following  year  his 
parents,  Elijah  and  Currance  (Barnes)  Knapp,  removed  from  Connecticut  to  Lind- 
ley,  New  York.  Thomas  was  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  viz: 
Thomas,  Seldon,  Frederick,  Abraham,  Jacob,  Shadrack,  Derrick,  Betsey,  Polly, 
Sally  and  Lemiza.  The  father  was  killed  by  a  rolling  log,  about  1838.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  New  York  state,  living  there  until  1832,  in  which 
year  he  removed  to  Tioga  county.  He  married  Emily  Cady,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Amelia  Cady,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  George,  deceased;  Mary, 
wife  of  J.  W.  Jackson,  of  Wyoming  county.  New  York;  Thomas  C,  of  Lawrence 
township;  Ira  B.,  a  carpenter  of  Steuben  county.  New  York;  John  C.  and  Lewis 
J.,  both  deceased;  Andrew  M.,  a  resident  of  Caton,  New  York;  Theresa  P.,  wife  of 
Daniel  Stoddard,  of  Steuben  county,  and  Martha,  widow  of  Abraham  Knapp.  Mrs. 
Knapp  died  April  15,  1875,  and  her  husband,  September  24,  1889. 

Thomas  C.  Knapp,  oldest  living  son  of  Thomas  Knapp,  was  born  in  Lindley, 
New  York,  June  37,  1831,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  this  county.  In  1850  he  pur- 
chased twenty-five  acres  of  land  in  Lawrence  township,  and  an  additional  tract  of 
fifty  acres  in  1861,  on  which  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  up  to  the  present.  In 
1855  he  married  Julie  Cady,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Diantha  Cady,  of  Lawrence 
township,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Thomas,  who  died  in  infancy.  In  September, 
1864,  Mr.  Knapp  enlisted  in  the  First  New  York  Cavalry,  and  was  later  transferred 
to  the  Second  New  York  Cavalry.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Creek, 
Warm  Springs,  the  capture  of  Early's  command  at  Bladenburg,  and  Five  Forks, 
and  was  discharged  from  the  service  on  June  5,  1865.  Eeturning  home,  he  re- 
sumed his  duties  on  the  farm.  Mr.  Knapp  is  a  member  of  the  6.  A.  R.,  and  in  poli- 
ties, a  stanch  Democrat.  He  has  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  constable  and  col- 
lector of  Lawrence  township. 

Samuel  Rockwell,  retired  farmer,  was  bom  in  Tariffville,  Hartford  county, 
Connecticut,  May  21,  1816,  a  son  of  John  T.  and  Amanda  (Cowles)  Rockwell,  na- 


1034  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

tives  of  that  State.  Samuel  is  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  six  children,  and  the  only 
survivor.  He  received  a  common  school  education  in  Connecticut  and  New  York, 
his  parents  removing  to  Southport,  New  York,  when  he  was  about  nine  years  old. 
He  learned  the  ehairmaker's  trade,  and  in  February,  1839,  located  in  Lawrence- 
ville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  followed  his  trade  eleven  years.  He 
then  bought  his  present  farm  four  miles  east  of  Lawrenceville,  on  which  he  set- 
tled, continuing  to  work  at  his  trade  for  about  twenty  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
period  he  gave  up  that  business  and  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  farming.  In 
September,  1839,  he  married  Johanna  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Hosea  Hunt,  to  which 
union  were  born  ten  children,  as  follows:  Hosea  H.,  a  lawyer  of  Elmira;  Edward 
E.,  a  farmer  of  Lawrence  township;  Anna,  wife  of  George  Mitchell,  of  Jackson  town- 
ship; John  P.,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis;  Julia  M.,  wife  of  Charles  Seely,  of  Caton, 
New  York;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  D.  L.  Mulford,  of  St.  Paul;  Joseph  W.  and  Josephine, 
twins,  the  former  a  resident  of  Lawrence  township,  and  the  latter  died  in  infancy; 
Nellie  M.,  wife  of  Chester  Blanchaxd,  of  Farmington  township,  and  Gertrude  A., 
wife  of  E.  W.  Clark,  of  California.  Joseph  "W.  was  bom  November  2,  1851,  was 
educated  in  the  district  schools  and  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  and 
taught  for  seventeen  terms,  since  which  time  he  has  followed  farming.  He  was  mar- 
ried September  19,  1883,  to  Mrs.  Lucy  Chase,  widow  of  William  H.  Chase,  and 
daughter  of  William  W.  Warren.  He  has  served  as  constable  and  collector  of  the 
'  township  for  seven  years,  and  is  the  present  township  clerk.  The  mother  of  these 
children  died  March  23,  1884,  aged  sixty-nine  years.  Mr.  Eockwell  is  a  member  of 
the  Lawrenceville  Presbyterian  church,  of  which  he  has  been  ruling  elder  since  June, 
1840.  Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  a  school  director  for  fifteen 
years,  secretary  of  the  school  board  for  twelve  years,  and  township  assessor  four 
years. 

Edwakd  B.  Eockwell,  second  son  of  Samuel  Eockwell,  was  bom  in  Lawrence- 
ville, Tioga  county,  September  4,  1841.  He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boy- 
hood, and  when  nineteen  years  of  age  went  tO'  Cameron  county  and  worked  one 
year  in  the  lumber  woods.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Twenty-third  New 
York  Volunteers,  and  served  in  General  Pope's  campaign,  participating  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Second  Bull  Eun,  and  also  at  South  Mountain,  Antietam  and  Fredericks- 
burg. He  was  honorably  discharged  in  May,  1868.  Eeturning  home,  he  followed 
lumbering  up  to  1870,  when  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  eighty  acres,  four 
miles  east  of  Lawrenceville,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  fanning.  Mr.  Eock- 
well married  Martha  Tilford,  a  daughter  of  Charles  Tilford,  of  Lawrence  township, 
November  15,  1865.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children,  viz:  Frank  A.,  who 
was  accidentally  killed  while  attending  school  at  Homellsville,  New  York,  and 
Charles  S.,  a  fanner  of  Lawrence.  Politically,  a  Eepublican,  Mr.  Eockwell  has  been 
a  school  director  for  twelve  years,  and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  as  township 
assessor.  Like  most  old  soldiers,  he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Bast  Lawrence  Christian  church  and  has  been  Sunday-school  superintend- 
ent twelve  successive  years. 

William  H.  Evans,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  came  to  Tioga  county  in 
1836  and  located  in  Blkland,  where  he  was  engaged  in  merchandising  four  years. 
He  then  purchased  a  farm  in  Lawrence  township,  and  died  there  in  1846.    He  max- 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1035 


lied  Sallie  Parkhurst,  who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Maria,  deceased  wife  of 
Dr.  E.  P.  Brown,  of  Addison,  New  York;  Allison  H.,  deceased;  Martha,  wife  of 
Thomas  J.  Lake,  of  Baxto,  Florida;  William  M.,  a  farmer  at  Amherst  Court  House, 
Virginia,  and  Curtis  P.,  a  carpenter  of  Elkland. 

Allison  H.  Evans  was  born  in  Springfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, May  4,  1831,  and  was  fifteen  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to  Elkland, 
Tioga  county.  He  was  employed  as  a  clerk  ia  his  father's  store  in  that  town,  where 
he  also  worked  for  a  time  in  a  distillery.  In  1840  the  family  located  in  Lawrence 
township,  where  Allison  H.  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  March  16,  1881.  In  1846  he  married  Abigail  Haven,  who  bore  him  one 
daughter,  Allena,  who  married  J.  M.  Harrison,  deceased,  and  is  now  the  wife  of 
Marcus  Nye,  of  Whitesville,  New  York.  Mrs.  Evans  died  in  1848,  and  in  1849  he 
mamed  Laura  M.  Haven,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife.  Five  children  were  bom  to  this 
union,  as  follows:  Alton  C,  of  Lawrence  township;  Edgar  F.,  a  contractor  and 
builder  of  Elmira;  Hattie  E.,  wife  of  E.  G.  Haven,  of  the  same  city;  Nettie  L.,  wife 
of  Dr.  M.  E.  Pritchard,  of  Haxrison  Valley,  and  Nellie  H.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Evans 
died  November  19,  1882,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

Alton  C.  Evans,  oldest  child  of  Allison  H.  and  Laura  M.  Evans,  was  bom  in 
Lawrence  township,  Tioga  county,  March  9,  1853.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  worked  on  the  home  farm  until  twenty-three  years  of  age,  when  he 
purchased  a  farm  in  Lawrence  township,  but  sold  it  four  years  later  and  moved  to 
Farmington  township.  He  cultivated  rented  farms  ia  that  township  eight  years, 
and  then  returning  to  Lawrence  township,  bought  his  present  farm  of  sixty  acres, 
five  miles  west  of  Lawrenceville,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  Mr.  Evans  married 
Phebe  D.  Lugg,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  and  Eebecca  Lugg,  of  Nelson.  She  was  born 
August  6, 1859,  and  has  two  children:  Leah  E.,  a  teacher,  and  DoUie.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  politically,  Mr.  Evans  is  a  Democrat. 
Joseph  Guile,  a  native  of  Vermont,  bom  July  33,  1813,  was  a  son  of  Leonard 
Guile,  who  was  born  in  the  same  State  September  34,  1793.  Joseph  was  reared  in 
Vermont,  and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1840,  locating  on  Lamb's 
creek,  where  he  operated  a  saw-mill  for  about  seven  years.  He  then  removed  to  Mid- 
dlebury  township  and  purchased  300  acres  of  timber  land,  from  which  he  cleared 
a  farm  of  150  acres.  He  next  removed  to  Lawrence  township,  rented  a  saw-mill, 
and  followed  lumbering  there  for  five  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  removed 
to  Tioga  township,  leased  the  DePui  saw  and  grist-mills,  and  carried  on  a  large 
and  lucrative  business  for  five  years.  Becoming  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Tubbs, 
Eansom  &  Guile,  he  engaged  extensively  in  the  lumber  business  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship and  vicinity  for  upwards  of  ten  years,  then  sold  his  interest  to  his  partners  and 
purchased  a  farm  at  Somer's  Lane,  where  he  also  built  a  store  and  carried  on  the 
mercantile  business  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  July  34,  1885.  Mr.  Guile  married 
Susan  Leonard,  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Leonard.  She  was  born  on  February  15, 
1813,  and  bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  viz:  Marietta,  bom  February  15, 
1831,  and  died  October  7,  1889;  John  E.,  bom  January  5,  1833,  and  died  Febmary 
14,  1854;  Martha  J.,  bom  January  23,  1835,  and  died  March  27,  1842;  Curtis  C, 
bom  April  17,  1837,  a  farmer  just  across  the  line  in  New  York  state;  Adeline  E., 
bom  July  9,  1839,  and  died  in  August,  1885;  Thyrza  M.,  born  December  18,  1841, 


1036  HISTOBY    01?    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

wife  of  Charles  Tremaine,  of  Lawrence  township;  Wyat  S.,  bom  November  35, 
1843,  and  died  December  16,  1853;  Norman  L.,  bom  October  20,  1845,  a  farmer  at 
Crown  Point,  New  York;  Leonard  J.,  bom  July  23,  1848,  a  farmer  in  Lawrence 
township;  Quincy  M.,  bom  January  19,  1853,  a  conductor  on  the  Fall  Brook  rail- 
road, residing  at  Coming,  and  Charles  E.,  bom  Decembr  10,  1857,  a  conductor  on 
the  Erie  railroad,  living  at  Cameron,  New  York.  Mrs.  Guile  died  on  the  old  home 
stead  October  17,  1875. 

Leonaed  J.  Guile,  son  of  Joseph  Guile,  was  bom  in  Lawrence  township, 
Tioga  county,  July  33,  1848,  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood,  and  when 
nineteen  years  of  age  began  working  the  home  farm  on  shares.  Two  years  later  he 
entered  his  father's  store,  in  which  he  clerked  two  years,  next  spent  two  years  in 
Jackson  township  in  the  lumber  business,  and  then  found  employment  on  the  Tioga 
railroad.  At  the  end  of  one  year  he  began  working  for  the  Fall  Brook  railroad, 
where  he  remained  five  years.  He  next  spent  a  year  in  tobacco  growing,  and  then 
went  to  Lyons,  New  York,  and  carried  on  a  restaurant  there  for  a  couple  of  years,  at  the 
end  of  which  period  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  seventy-seven  acres  south 
of  Lawrenceville,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  On  July  11,  1868,  he  married 
Sarah  A.  Warren,  a  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Mary  (Edison)  Warren,  who  was  born 
on  Atigust  8,  1844.  Mr.  Guile  is  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of  Lawrence,  and 
in  polities,  a  stanch  Eepubliean. 

Nelvin  H.  Beant  was  bom  in  Delhi,  Delaware  county.  New  York,  in  1812, 
a  son  of  Hamilton  Brant,  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  He  followed  farming  in  his 
native  State  up  to  1857,  in  which  year  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Lawrence  township, 
Tioga  county,  where  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  were  passed.  His  wife,  Jerusha, 
was  a  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Mulford,  of  Steuben  county.  New  York,  and  bore  him 
nine  children,  as  follows:  Albert  and  Bruce,  both  of  whom  were  drowned  in  boy- 
hood; Legrand  G.,  of  Lawrence  township;  Anna  J.,  wife  of  James  Loop,  of  Blmira; 
Eoss  M.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty;  Charles  P.,  a  carpenter  at  Coming;  Bruce 
N.,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead;  Mrs.  Ella  S.  Wells,  of  Elmira,  and  Jennie. 
Mr.  Brant  died  on  September  3,  1865,  and  his  wife,  November  7,  1882,  surviving 
him  over  seventeen  years. 

Legeand  G.  Beant,  oldest  living  child  of  Nelvin  H.  Brant,  was  bom  in  Lind- 
ley,  New  York,  March  20, 1848,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county.  On  .Janu- 
ary 14,  1864,  when  in  his  sixteenth  year,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Sixty-first  New  York  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  following  en- 
gagements: Sabine  Cross  Eoad,  Pleasant  Hill,  Cane  Eiver  Crossing,  Ovalooses 
Prairie,  Yellow  Bayou,  Siege  of  Fort  Morgan,  and  the  Siege  of  Spanish  Fort  and 
Port  Blakely.  He  was  transferred  to  Battalion  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  New 
York  regiment,  September  20,  1865,  and  promoted  to  corporal  of  Company  B.  He 
was  discharged  at  Tallahasse,  Florida,  November  12,  1865,  and  retuming  home  had 
charge  of  the  homestead  farm  for  ten  years.  In  1866  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
in  Lawrence  township,  to  which  he  subsequently  added,  until  he  now  owns  160 
acres.  In  the  spring  of  1882  he  located  on  this  property,  and  is  making  a 
specialty  of  sheep  growing.  Mr.  Brant  married  Ella  M.  Horton,  a  daughter  of  Hiram 
and  Hannah  Horton,  of  Lawrence,  October  11, 1876.    She  is  the  youngest  in  a  family 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1037 


of  eight  children,  and  was  born  January  1,  1850.  Seven  children  are  the  fruits  of 
this  union,  viz:  Arthur  G.,  Floyd  H.,  Cora  M.,  "Walter  S.,  Morton  C,  Frank  and 
Jennie  L.  Mrs.  Brant  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Brant  is  a  Republican,  has  served  as  supervisor  and  school  director,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies. 

Lyman  Huelbut  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Thomas  Hurlbut,  who  came 
from  England  in  1635  and  helped  to  establish  the  Saybrook  colony,  in  Connecti- 
cut.   He  was  bom  in  the  Wyoming  valley,  Pennsylvania,  May  2,  1797,  a  son  of  Nap- 
thali  Hurlbut,  a  native  of  Groton,  Connecticut,  born  August  13,  1767.    His  father 
was  married  in  Hanover,  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  25,  1793,  to  Olive 
Smith,  a  native  of  Lyme,  Connecticut,  and  a  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Hooker 
Smith,  of  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania.    Their  children  were  as  follows:    Asenath, 
Lyman,  Esther  Eliza,  who  married  Abel  Hoyt,  of  Osceola,  and  died  in  that  borough; 
Mary  Ann,  Amos  Avery,  William  Hooker,  and  John  Randolph,  a  resident  of  Osceola. 
The  father  never  lived  in  this  county,  and  died  in  Bums,  ISTew  York,  March  38, 1844. 
When  a  young  man,  Lyman  left  his  home  in  the  Wyoming  valley  and  entered  the 
mercantile  house  of  Philip  Hone,  of  New  York  City.     After  a  varied  experience 
in  New  York,  he  returned  to  the  Wyoming  valley  and  became  one  of  the  leading 
contractors  of  his  time.    He  built  a  large  portion  of  the  North  Branch  canal,  from 
Wilkes-Barre  to  Towanda,  several  bridges  across  the  Susquehanna,  and  employed 
several  hundred  men  for  a  number  of  years.    In  the  spring  of  1856  he  came  with  his 
family  to  Tioga  county,  and  purchased  what  was  then  known  as  the  Newbury 
Cloos  farm,  on  the  Cowanesque  river,  in  Deerfield  township.    In  the  spring  of  1861 
he  sold  this  place  and  bought  the  Thomas  Eichardson  farm,  four  miles  west  of 
Lawrenceville,  in  Lawrence  township,  where  he  lived  until  his  wife's  death,  after 
which  he  made  his  home  with  his  youngest  daughter,  Mrs.  Dewitt  Baxter,  in  Nel- 
son, and  died  on  May  20,  1876,  aged  seventy-nine  years.     Mr.  Hurlbut  married 
Caroline  Scovill,  July  17,  1823,  to  which  union  were  bom  eight  children,  as  fol- 
lows:   George  Lyman,  John  Scovill,  Maria  G.,  wife  of  James  Hancock;  William 
N.,  a  resident  of  Westfield;  Esther  Olive,  wife  of  Eeuben  Close;  Caroline  Scovill, 
wife  of  Luke  Gibson;  Sarah  Myers,  wife  of  Dewitt  Baxter,  and  Charles  Fuller,  a  real 
estate  agent  of  Elmira,  New  York.    Mr.  Hurlbut  was  a  man  of  strong  personality, 
striking  physique,  large-hearted  and  liberal  in  his  views,  and  a  consistent  Christian. 
George  Lyman  Hurlbut,  eldest  child  of  Lyman  Hurlbut,  was  bom  in  Exeter, 
Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  December  35,  1827.    He  received  a  good  education, 
graduating  from  the  Wyoming  Seminary,  and  taught  a  few  terms  of  school      In 
1851  he  went  to  California,  where  he  spent  about  four  years.    Eeturning  home,  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Deerfield  township,  Tioga  county,  in  the  spring  of  1856, 
where  he  became  interested  in  the  tanning  business.    Five  years  later  the  family 
removed  to  Lawrence  township.    On  August  9,  1862,  Mr.  Hurlbut  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany B,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  and  many  other  minor  engage- 
ments.   He  was  honorably  discharged  at  Harrisburg,  May  29,  1863,  and  returned 
to  his  home  in  Lawrence  township.    Here  he  followed  agriculture  up  to  his  death, 
November  12,  1893,  leaving  to  his  family  a  good  farm  of  200  acres.    He  was  mar- 
ried November  13,  1861,  to  Jane  E.  Blanchard,  a  daughter  of  Charles  Blanchard, 


1038  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

of  Lawrence  township,  who  bore  him  five  children,  as  follows:  Came  L.,  a  teacher 
in  Detroit;  Emma,  Marion,  Charles  L.,  who  was  drowned  in  the  Cowanesque,  at 
Nelson,  when  about  eighteen  years  old,  and  John,  who  manages  the  old  home- 
stead. Mr.  Hurlbut  was  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  I.  0.  0.  F.  In  politics,  a 
Eepublican,  he  filled  the  offices  of  school  director  and  assessor,  and  was  one  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Lawrence  township. 

Heney  p.  Kiekendall,  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  was  married  in  Tompkins 
county,  New  York,  and  subsequently  located  in  the  town  of  Barton,  Tioga  county^ 
New  York,  where  he  followed  farming  until  his  removal  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  and  later  bought, 
a  farm  at  gamer's  Lane,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life.  His  family 
were  as  follows:  Mrs.  Louisa  T.  Eeep,  Julius  B.,  deceased;  Samuel  E.,  a  lawyer  of 
Millerton;  Erastus,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead;  John  K.,  and  William  H., 
both  deceased;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Daniel  Higgins,  of  Rockland,  Illinois;  James,  Henry 
P.,  Leonard  E.,  and  Martha,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Kirkendall  was  actively 
interested  in  educational  matters,  axid  always  took  a  prominent  part  in  school  work. 

Vine  D.  Patchin  was  bom  in  Paulding,  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  in  1803, 
a  son  of  John  and  Jerusha  (Cook)  Patchin,  and  grandson  of  Andrew  Patchin,  a 
native  of  New  England,  and  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolution,  who  died  at  White  Plains 
during  that  struggle  for  liberty.  Andrew  married  Mary  Mallory,  who  bore  him 
two  children,  John,  and  a  daughter  who  married  a  Mr.  Vinegar.  John  Patchin 
was  bom  in  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  maorried  Jerusha  Cook,  and  reared  three 
children,  viz:  Vine  D.,  Levi  M.  and  Sally,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Vine  D.  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education,  followed  farming  for  a  livelihood,  and  came  to 
Tioga  county  in  April,  1843,  locating  in  Eichmond  township,  where  he  purchased 
a  farm  on  which  he  resided  up  to  his  death,  in  1880.  He  married  Maria  H.  David- 
son, a  daughter  of  James  Davidson,  to  which  union  were  bom  three  children,  viz: 
Andrew  J.,  of  Lawrence  township;  Orville  M.  and  Arvine,  the  last  two  being  de- 
ceased.   Mrs.  Patchin  died  in  1885. 

Andhew  J.  Patchin,  only  living  child  of  Vine  D.  Patchin,  was  bom  in  Chen- 
ango county.  New  York,  May  25,  1830,  and  was  twelve  years  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  commenced  working  in  the 
lumber  woods,  and  fifteen  years  later  purchased  a  farm  in  Eichmond  township, 
which  he  cultivated  five  years,  then  sold  it  and  went  to  work  in  the  Amot  mines. 
In  1870  he  bought  his  present  farm,  which  now  comprises  300  acres,  in  Lawrence 
township,  three  miles  south  of  Lawrenceville,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1852 
he  married  Jane  Pratt,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  Pratt,  who  bore  him  two  children, 
viz:  Vine  D.,  bom  December  14,  1866,  who  was  killed  by  the  cars  October  1,  1892, 
while  filling  the  position  of  conductor,  and  Mart  K.,  bom  November  19,  1872, 
who  was  married  November  1,  1894,  to  Hattie  J.,  daughter  of  Almeron  Perry,  of 
Eichmond  township,  and  has  charge  of  the  homestead  farm.  Politically,  the  family 
are  Eepublicans.  Mr.  Patchin  has  been  a  school  director  two  terms,  supervisor  two 
terms,  and  auditor  for  three  terms.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  0. 
0.  P.,  while  his  son.  Mart  K.,  is  also  a  member  of  the  latter  society. 

Allen  T.  Poetee  was  bom  in  Troy,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  Jixly  8, 
1837,  a  son  of  Uel  Porter,  a  native  of  Bethlehem,  Albany  county.  New  York,  bom. 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1()39 


December  15, 1805.  His  father  was  the  youngest  of  three  children  born  to  Thomas 
and  Hannah  Porter,  viz:  John,  Betsey  and  Uel.  His  grandparents  located  at 
Troy,  Pennsylvania,  in  1814,  where  Thomas  died  July  19,  1834,  and  his  wife.  May 
23,  1840.  IJel  Porter  was  married  February  27,  1825,  to  Eliza  A.  Purman,  of  Co- 
lumbia township,  Bradford  county,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  county.  New  York, 
August  25,  1807.  They  became  the  parents  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Rensse- 
laer, born  July  14,  1826,  and  died  October  26,  1853;  John  F.,  born  April  27,  1828, 
and  died  in  1894;  James,  born  April  22,  1831,  is  a  farmer  at  Canton,  Bradford 
county;  Lydia,  deceased,  who  was  bom  April  2,  1833;  Elizabeth,  born  February 
14,  1835,  wife  of  P.  A.  Palmer,  of  Chicago;  Allen  T.,  now  residing  in  Lawrence 
township;  Ezra  E.,  bom  August  5, 1843,  and  died  May  9, 1844;  Eliza  H.,  bom  Janu- 
ary 30,  1847,  who  is  the  wife  of  J.  N.  Chilson,  of  Chicago,  and  Alvin,  bom  De- 
cember 22,  1849,  now  a  carpenter  and  builder  of  Elma,  Chehalis  county,  Wash- 
ington. The  parents  both  died  in  Troy,  Bradford  county.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  enlisted  Febru- 
ary 24,  1864,  in  Company  M,  One  Hundred  and  Twelfth  regijnent.  Second  Penn- 
sylvania Heavy  Artillery.  His  regiment  was  first  stationed  at  Fort  Ethan  Allen 
and  Fort  Marcy.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor  and  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  where  he  was  taken  sick  and  sent  to  the  hospital.  He  remained  in 
hospital  almost  a  year,  and  was  detailed  for  duty  when  discharged  from  the  ser- 
vice at  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning  to  Troy,  Bradford  county,  he  soon  after 
went  to  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  employed  by  the  Fall  Brook 
Coal  Company  until  the  spring  of  1866.  Three  years  later  he  located  at  Lawrenee- 
ville,  but  after  a  short  stay  in  that  borough  moved  to  Mansfield,  where  he  lived  two 
years.  In  the  spring  of  1874  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  127  acres  two  miles 
west  of  Lawrenceville,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  Mr.  Por- 
ter has  been  twice  married.  On  December  24, 1856,  he  married  Wealthy  Johnson,  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  P.  A.  Johnson,  of  Troy,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Edward  E., 
a  merchant  tailor  of  Denver,  Colorado,  and  Carrie  M.,  wife  of  H.  B.  Milligan,  of  Lake 
Charles,  Louisiana.  His  second  marriage  occurred  June  30,  1867,  to  Sarah  J.,  a 
daughter  of  Julius  and  Anna  Tremaine,  of  Lawrence  township.  Mr.  Porter 
is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  progressive  farmers  of  his  township.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  the  Farmers'  Industrial  Union,  and  was  on 
the  state  committee  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance  and  Agricultural  School.  In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Porter  is  a  stanch  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

John  McAvot  was  born  in  Queens  county,  Ireland,  June  24,  1830,  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Maria  (Burke)  McAvoy,  natives  of  Ireland.  His  father  was  a  ser- 
geant and  master-tailor  In  the  British  army,  and  had  two  children,  Julia,  widow  of 
Edward  Hinds,  who  resides  in  Wisconsin,  and  John.  The  latter  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  his  native  land,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  his  ninteenth  year,  when 
he  immigrated  to  the  United  States  and  found  employment  in  a  bottling  works 
in  Albany,  New  York,  where  he  spent  two  years.  He  then  removed  to  Coming, 
but  two  months  later  located  in  Richmond  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  for  thirty-four  years  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Tioga  Railroad  Com- 
pany, as  a  foreman,  with  the  exception  of  eight  months,  in  1868,  when  he  worked 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  railroad,  in  Kansas.  In  the  spring  of  1879  he  moved  to  his 


1040  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COTTNTT. 

present  farm,  which,  he  had  purchased  two  years  before,  consisting  of  seventy- 
five  acres,  three  miles  south  of  Lawrenceville,  on  the  Tioga  river.  Here  he  has 
since  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  agriculture.  Mr.  McAvoy  was  married  May 
31,  1865,  to  Ann  O'Co'nnor,  who  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  May  23,  1825,  a 
daughter  of  John  O'Connor.  Three  children  have  blessed  this  union,  viz:  Thomas 
M.,  a  train  despatcher  on  the  Fall  Brook  railroad  at  Corning,  New  York;  Julia,  wife 
of  Hugh  Weiscot,  of  Rochester,  New  York,  and  Simon,  telegraph  operator  for  the 
Fall  Brook  railroad  at  Lawrenceville  during  the  past  eighteen  years.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  church,  and  ardent  supporters  of  the  Democratic 
party. 

Miletus  Beown  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  there  grew  to  man- 
hood, and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  purchasing  a  farm  in  Chatham  town- 
ship. He  married  Paulina  Warner,  who  died  on  January  2,  1879.  She  was  the 
mother  of  eight  children,  named  as  follows:  Burton,  who  was  killed  in  a  collision 
on  board  the  steamer  West  Point,  August  18,  1862;  Merrit  B.,  of  Lawrence  town- 
ship; George,  a  resident  of  Middlebury  Center;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  J.  D.  Carpen- 
ter, of  the  same  place;  Prudence,  wife  of  Curtis  Brewer,  of  Deerfield;  John  B.,  of 
Mansfield;  Charles,  deceased,  and  Stella,  wife  of  Charles  Carpenter,  of  Middlebury 
Center.  Mr.  Brown  died  in  Chatham  township,  February  24,  1897,  aged  seventy- 
seven  years. 

Meekit  *  B.  Beown  was  bom  in  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  March  11,  1843, 
and  is  the  eldest  living  child  of  Miletus  Brown.  He  received  a  good  common  school 
education,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  began  working  as  a  farm  hand,  which  he 
followed  several  years,  and  then  purchased  a  few  teams  and  hauled  lumber  for 
some  years.  He  later  acted  as  agent  for  the  Shakers,  on  a  large  broom-com  farm, 
and  after  this  rented  farm  lands  for  several  years,  until  he  settled  on  his  present 
farm,  which  he  finally  purchased,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  general  farming 
and  tobacco  growing.  Mr.  Brown  was  married  January  1,  1874,  to  Catherine,  a 
daughter  of  James  Paddock,  of  Chatham  township,  and  has  one  son,  Dewitt  A., 
bom  November  27,  1877.  Mrs.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  poli- 
tics, Mr.  Brown  is  a  Republican,  and  has  filled  the  oflSce  of  township  auditor  two 
terms. 

JoHK  McCallum,  a  native  of  Scotland,  is  claimed  to  have  been  the  fifth  set- 
tler of  Farmington  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  located  early 
in  the  present  century.  He  married  Sarah  Gee,  a  daughter  of  William  Gee,  of 
Orange  county.  New  York.  Twelve  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  nine  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  William,  a  resident  of  Wisconsin;  Joseph,  Betsey 
and  Jane,  all  deceased;  Charles,  who  lives  in  Wisconsin;  John,  deceased;  Thomas, 
a  resident  of  Elmira;  Joshua  G.,  of  Farmington  township,  and  Maria,  who  lives 
in  Illinois.  Mr.  McCallum  lived  on  the  farm  in  Farmington  township,  now  the 
home  of  his  son,  Joshua  6.,  up  to  his  death,  in  1862.  He  cleared  this  property 
from  the  original  forest,  and  endured  all  the  privations  of  pioneer  life.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Republican. 

Joseph  McCallum,  a  native  of  New  York  state,  bom  in  1814,  came  to  Tioga 
county  with  his  parents,  and  subsequently  settled  on  an  adjoining  tract  of  land  to 
the  one  taken  up  by  his  father,  where  he  followed  farming  the  remaining  years 


BIOGBAPHIOAL   SKETCHES.  1041 


of  Ms  life,  and  died  in  April,  1880.  He  married  Mercy  A.  ColegroTe,  a  daugh- 
ter of  William  Colegrove,  of  Middlebury,  to  which  union  were  bom  the  following 
children:  William  H.,  of  Lawrence  township;  Susanna  P.,  wife  of  Lawrence  Wat- 
son, di  Parmington;  Sophia  L.,  wife  of  Darius  Gee,  of  Lindley,  New  York;  Benja- 
min P.,  deceased;  Joseph  B.,  who  died  while  a  soldier  in  the  Union  army  during 
the  Eehellion;  Celestia,  deceased;  Emma  Jane,  wife  of  Euclid  E.  White,  of  Gale- 
ton;  Adaline  E.,  wife  of  P.  D.  Pierce,  of  Parmington;  Elsie  E.,  wife  of  C.  H. 
Buckbee,  of  Nelson;  Olin  E.  and  Pranklin,  both  deceased;  Ada  A.,  of  Eochester; 
Arthur  L.,  who  lives  in  Corning,  and  James  B.,  a  resident  of  Parmington  township. 
Mrs.  McCallum  died  at  the  home  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Pierce,  in  Parmington  town- 
ship, October  1,  1896. 

William  H.  McCallum  was  born  in  Parmington  township,  Tioga  county, 
March  30,  1836,  oldest  son  of  Joseph  McCallum,  and  worked  on  the  homestead 
until  1862,  when  he  purchased  a  farm  in  the  same  township.  In  August,  1863, 
he  was  drafted,  and  assigned  to  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Porty-ninth  regi- 
ment. He  was  wounded  at  Spottsylyania  Court  House,  and  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  at  Elmira,  New  York,  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Eetuming  home  he 
resumed  his  duties  on  the  farm,  and  continued  to  live  in  Parmington  township 
until  1886.  He  then  purchased  150  acres  of  land  three  miles  southwest  of  Law- 
reneeville,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  McCallum  was  married  November 
25,  1855,  to  Eachel  Gee,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Mary  A.  Gee,  who  bore  him 
three  children,  viz:  Edgar  L.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twelve  years;  May  B.,  wife 
of  Eugene  Hammond,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Ployd  E.  Mrs.  McCallum  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1889,  aged  fifty-three  years.  He  was  again  married  November  1,  1890, 
to  Mrs.  W.  H.  Sink,  a  step-daughter  of  J.  W.  Gilson,  of  Bradford.  Politically, 
Mr.  McCallum  is  a  Eepublican,  served  as  constable  and  collector  of  Parmington 
two  years  each,  three  years  as  auditor  of  Lawrence  township,  and  six  years  as  school 
director.    He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  also  of  the  Grange. 

JACKSON     TOWNSHIP. 

Gaehet  Millek  was  the  first  white  settler  of  what  is  now  Jackson  township, 
Tioga  coimty,  Pennsylvania.  In  1793  he  came  from  Orange  county,  New  York, 
cutting  a  road  through  the  unbroken  forest,  up  Seely  creek  from  Newtown,  now  a 
part  of  Elmira,  to  a  point  near  the  State  line,  a  short  distance  north  of  the  site 
of  Millerton,  where  he  erected  a  rude  log  cabin.  Our  authority  for  placing  the 
date  of  his  settlement  as  1793,  is  an  inscription  on  the  headstone  of  his  son,  Capt. 
Samuel  Miller,  in  Millerton  cemetery,  who  died  in  1850,  which  says  the  latter  "Ee- 
sided  here  for  57  years."  Mr.  Miller  and  wife,  Mary,  were  the  parents  of 
six  sons  and  five  daughters,  named  as  follows:  Samuel,  Joshua,  Garret,  Nathan, 
James,  George,  Patience,  Sally,  Betsey,  Peggy  and  Mary.  Soon  after  coming  to 
this  county  they  removed  to  a  tract  farther  south,  building  their  second  cabin  on 
the  site  of  Millerton.  Here  Mr.  Miller  followed  farming  up  to  his  death.  May  2, 
1824.  His  wife  died  nine  days  later.  The  family  were  the  first  settlers  on  the  site  of 
the  village  of  Millerton,  which  was  named  in  honor  of  the  pioneer. 

James  Miller  was  bom  in  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  a  son  of  Garret 
Miller.     He  was  reared  amidst  the  scenes  of  pioneer  life,  and  married  Eebecea 

66 


1042  HISTORY    01'    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Kinner,  wlio  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  viz:  Hector  L.,  Mary  E.,  Henry 
F.,  Lydia,  Julia,  J.  H.,  Benjamin,  Amanda,  Celestia,  Susan,  J.  B.,  and  Waxren. 
Politically,  Mr.  Miller  was  a  Democrat,  and  served  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  many 
years.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  which  he 
assisted  in  organizing  in  Jackson  township. 

J.  H.  MiLLEE,  a  son  of  James  Miller,  and  grandson  of  Garret  Miller,  was  bom 
in  Millerton,  Tioga  county,  in  1834,  there  grew  to  manhood  and  obtained  his  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools.  In  1856  he  married  Martha  Dunham,  and  has  two 
surviving  children,  viz:  Lena,  wife  of  Jesse  W.  Miller,  and  J.  H.,  a  student  at  Mans- 
field State  Normal  School.  For  a  few  years  aiter  his  marriage  Mr.  Miller  followed 
agriculture,  but  in  1866  he  embarked  in  merchandising  at  Millerton,  which  busi- 
ness he  has  successfully  continued  up  to  the  present.  The  family  is  connected  with 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  in  which  society  Mr.  Miller  takes  an  active  interest. 
Though  not  a  seeker  after  office,  he  has  always  taken  a  commendable  interest  in 
public  affairs  and  has  been  honored  by  his  party  as  a  delegate  to  state  conventions. 
He  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  prosperous  business  men  of  the  county. 

William  Gaeeisoit,  a  son  of  Justus  and  Phoebe  (Barber)  Garrison,  was  bom 
November  8,  1808,  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Jackson  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  coming  here  a  single  man  in  1833,  where  he  later  purchased  a 
farm  of  166  acres,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  that  township.  He  com- 
menced in  early  manhood  working  at  farm  labor  for  $8.00  a  month,  by  which  means 
he  saved  sufficient  to  make  his  first  payment  on  his  land.  Through  the  passing 
years  he  accumulated  considerable  property  in  Jackson  and  Eutland  townships,  and 
was  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  the  county.  His  wife,  Harriet,  was  a  daughter 
of  Poster  Updyke,  of  Jackson  township,  and  bore  him  the  following  children:  Nel- 
son W.,  a  farmer  of  Jackson  township;  Foster,  a  farmer  of  Sullivan  township; 
Angeline,  wife  of  E.  D.  Shepard,  of  Mansfield;  Eansom  E.,  deceased;  William  H., 
ex-county  commissioner;  Louisa,  wife  of  William  B.  Eipley,  of  Eichmond  town- 
ship; Nancy  H.,  deceased;  Chester,  a  resident  of  Jackson  township;  Eeuben,  a 
farmer  of  Jackson,  and  Ansall  E.,  a  resident  of  Eutland  township.  Mr.  Garrison 
died  upon  his  farm  in  Jackson  township,  in  October,  1875.  His  wife  survived  until 
December,  1893. 

William  H.  Gaeeison  was  born  upon  the  homestead  farm  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  May  11, 1843,  and  is  a  son  of  William  Garrison.  He  was  reared 
in  his  native  township,  there  attended  the  public  schools,  and  later  entered  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  On  September  10,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Gettysburg, 
Wilderness,  Cold  Harbor,  and  other  engagements,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  discharged  June  17,  1865,  returned  home  and  resumed  work  upon  his 
father's  farm.  He  has  since  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  agriculture,  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  native  township.  Mr.  Garrison  was  married 
January  3,  1869,  to  Amelia  N.  Sturdevant,  a  daughter  of  William  B.  Sturdevant,  of 
Jackson  township,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  four  children,  three  of  whom 
survive,  viz:  Freeman  C,  who  married  Ada,  daughter  of  Henry  French,  of 
Bradford  county,  has  one  child,  Cecil,  and  lives  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Jackson; 
Alta  L.,  and  W.  Ernest.    Mrs.  Garrison  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 


BIOGBAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  '  1043 


cliuich.  In  polities,  Mr.  Garrison  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  offices 
of  supervisor  of  Jackson  township  three  years,  assessor  ten  years,  school  director 
six  years,  and  treasurer  for  two  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1893  he  was  elected  a  county 
commissioner,  which  office  he  filled  until  the  close  of  1896.  Mr.  Garrison  is  a 
member  of  Seely  Creek  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  ¥.;  Charleg  W.  Deming  Post,  G.  A.  E.; 
the  Union  Veteran  Legion,  and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  in  all  of  which  he  takes 
an  active  interest. 

Stephen  Moeeill,  Se.,  was  a  native  of  Maine,  where  he  followed  the  carpen- 
ter's trade  until  late  in  Ufe.  He  then  removed  to  Madison  county,  New  York,  and 
about  1833  came  to  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Eevolution,  and  reared  a  family 
of  eight  children,  as  follows:  Stephen,  Asa,  Jane,  Mary,  Bertha,  Hiram,  JefEerson 
and  William,  all  of  whom  are  dead. 

Stephen  Moeeill,  Je.,  oldest  son  of  Stephen  Morrill,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Maine, 
September  38,  1796,  and  there  grew  to  maturity.  He  served  in  the  War  of  1813. 
About  1834  he  married  Sophronia  !Frost,  a  daughter  of  Asa  and  Mary  Frost,  who 
bore  him  two  children,  George  J.  and  Sophronia,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  Mrs. 
Morrill  died  about  1829,  and  he  was  again  married  to  Sophronia  Jackson,  to  which 
union  were  bom  ten  children,  as  follows:  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Charles  Hamilton,  of 
Elmira;  A.  Jackson,  of  Chemung  county,  New  York;  Margaretta  A.,  wife  of  W. 
R.  Boyd,  of  Eddieville,  Iowa;  Lot  W.,  of  Jackson  township;  Jane,  deceased;  Jose- 
phine, wife  of  A.  E.  Ballard,  of  Denver,  Colorado;  Sophronia,  wife  of  W.  C.  Ma- 
hurin,  of  Boston;  William  E.,  deceased;  Orville  B.,  and  Charles  S.  About  1833  Mr. 
Morrill  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  the  farm  in  Jackson 
township  now  owned  by  his  son.  Lot  W.,  cutting  the  first  stick  of  timber  on  the  place. 
Here  he  lived  and  reared  his  large  family,  giving  them  such  educational  advantages 
as  the  country  then  aiforded.  He  became  quite  a  prosperous  farmer  and  accumulated 
considerable  property,  which  enabled  him  to  live  a  quiet,  retired  life  in  his  declining 
years.  Mr.  Morrill  was  a  Jacksonian  Democrat,  but  never  sought  or  would  accept 
public  office.  During  his  business  life  he  followed  merchandising  for  a  time,  and 
also  owned  and  ran  a  boat  on  the  Erie  canal.  He  died  in  1881,  one  of  the  respected 
pioneers  of  the  community,  and  is  kindly  remembered  by  the  older  citizens  of  the 
township. 

Lot  W.  Moeeill,  a  son  of  Stephen  and  Sophronia  (Jackson)  Morrill,  and 
grandson  of  Stephen  Morrill,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  in 
1837,  in  an  old  log  house  on  the  Smith  farm,  familiarly  known  as  the  "Smith 
House."  He  was  reared  a  farmer,  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  re- 
mained at  home  until  twenty-five  years  of  age.  On  December  31,  1861,  he  married 
Eliza  U.  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Herman  Smith,  of  Southport,  Chemung  county,  New 
York,  and  finally  located  on  his  present  homestead,  where  he  had  spent  his  boyhood 
days.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morrill  have  an  adopted  son,  Frank  D.,  who  is  now  a  student 
at  the  Mansfield  State  Normal  School,  where  he  has  won  the  confidence  and  re- 
spect of  the  faculty  by  his  earnest,  studious  habits.  They  have  also  educated  and 
fitted  for  a  useful  life  Howard  C.  Morrill,  who  is  station  agent  at  Cedar  Creek,  but 
previously  was  a  commercial  traveler  for  a  New  York  house.  Mr.  Morrill  is  a  prac- 
tical temperance  man,  an  earnest  worker  in  the  cause,  and  a  member  of  the  Grand 


1044  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Lodge,  I.  0.  Gr.  T.  In  eonnection  with  agriculture,  he  also  carried  on  a  crate  factory, 
and  seTeral  other  enterprises  claimed  a  part  of  his  attention.  He  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  progressive  citizens  of  the  township. 

James  Fhiends  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  twenties,  and 
located  near  Lawrenceville,  where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  and  farming.  The 
country  was  then  principally  covered  by  the  primitive  forest,  and  he  endured  the 
usual  privations  and  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  About  1836  he  removed  to  Jackson 
township,  and  located  on  a  farm  still  owned  by  his  son,  S.  K.  Here  he  spent  the 
remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  in  1880,  and  left  a  family  of  eight  children  to 
mourn  his  loss.  In  early  life  he  was  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  but 
on  the  organization  of  the  Eepublican  party  he  became  one  of  its  active  supporters. 
Mr.  Friends  was  a  man  of  marked  integrity,  his  word  being  always  regarded  as  good 
as  his  bond. 

S.  R.  Fhiends  was  bom  in  Steuben  county,  'New  York,  in  1825,  a  son  of  James 
Friends,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  in  early  childhood.  His 
boyhood  was  passed  in  Lawrenceville  and  Jackson  township,  and  he  remained  at 
home  until  after  his  majority.  He  was  then  married  to  Mary  Hogencamp,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Hogencamp,  of  Herkimer  county,  New  York,  and  located  on  the 
farm  near  where  he  now  lives.  He  settled  ia  the  woods,  and  was  compelled  to 
clear  and  improve  his  land,  erect  buildings,  and  make  for  himself  a  home  in  the 
wilderness.  When  the  road  was  laid  out  through  his  farm,  he  assisted  the  sur- 
veyors to  run  the  line,  and  supplied  them  with  com  bread  for  food,  the  only  kind 
he  possessed  at  that  time.  He  began  life  with  two  cows  and  a  team  of  horses,  but 
by  hard  and  constant  labor  and  strict  attention  to  his  affairs,  he  has  accumulated 
a  handsome  property,  and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  the  township. 
He  has  reared  a  family  of  six  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  a  credit  to 
their  parents.  Mrs.  Friends  died  February  10,  1896.  Industry,  honesty,  morality 
and  temperance  have  been  the  guiding  principles  of  Mr.  Friends'  life.  He  early 
united  with  the  Baptist  church,  but  later  joined  the  Reformed  Baptist  church,  in 
which  he  now  fills  the  offices  of  deacon  and  chairman.  He  has  contributed  liberally 
towards  the  erection  of  the  present  church  building,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  mem- 
bers of  the  society.  In  polities,  he  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and  a  stanch  supporter 
of  the  principles  and  measures  of  that  party.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry. 

Reuben  Mann  was  bom  in  Vermont.  He  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
when  his  son,  John  H.,  was  about  four  years  old,  and  located  on  the  farm  where  the 
latter  now  lives.  Here  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering  until  his  death. 
His  wife  died  April  3,  1886.  Both  he  and  wife  were  earnest  Christians  and  active 
workers  in  the  church.  Mr.  Mann  was  scrupulously  honest  in  all  his  dealings,  and 
was  respected  by  the  people  of  his  township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mann  were  the  parents 
of  the  following  children:  John  H.,  of  Jackson  township;  Jane,  widow  of  Chauncey 
Mills,  of  Wisconsin;  Mrs.  Jeanette  Cobban,  deceased;  Laura,  wife  of  Albert  Mat- 
thews, of  Wisconsin;  Jerome,  deceased;  Boardman,  of  Jackson  township,  and  May, 
deceased. 

John  H.  Mann,  eldest  son  of  Reuben  Mann,  was  bom  in  Dummerston,  Ver- 
mont, March  5, 1836,  and  remained  at  home  until  his  marriage,  August  14,  1865,  to 


BIOGEAPHIOAL   SKETCHES.  1045 


Clara  Friends,  a  daughter  of  Greorge  and  Phoebe  (Edsall)  Friends.  He  purchased 
a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  on  which  he  has  since  resided,  and  is  now  recognized  as 
one  of  the  substantial  and  enterprising  farmers  of  the  township.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Maim  have  been  bom  two  children,  both  of  whom  are  dead.  In  politics,  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party,  but  has  never  aspired  to  nor  held  office.  Char- 
itable and  kind  to  the  poor  and  needy,  Mr.  Mann  is  highly  esteemed  in  the  com- 
munity. He  is  now  emjoying  the  fruits  of  many  years  of  industry  and  good  manage- 
ment, and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  well-to-do  citizens  of  the  township. 

Henet  Teowbeidge  was  bom  on  the  banks  of  the  Kennebec  river,  at  Clinton, 
Kennebec  county,  Maine,  June  39,  1834,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  In  1846  he 
came  to  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  was  employed  in  running  circular  saws.  While 
there  he  sent  to  Boston,  at  an  expense  of  five  dollars,  and  helped  to  purchase  a  steam 
railroad  whistle,  which  he  attached  to  a  boiler  at  Hendy  Hollow,  near  Elmira,  com- 
pleting the  job  at  about  four  o'clock  in  the  morning.  When  he  pulled  the  valve,  and 
the  strange,  startling  sound  aroused  the  people  from  their  slumbers,  they  cajne  to 
the  mUl  in  a  hurry  to  learn  what  the  trouble  was,  and  were  agreeably  surprised  to 
find  themselves  in  no  danger.  In  1849  he  married  Sarah  Jane  Hunter,  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  and  purchased  the  farm  at  Trowbridge,  Jackson  township,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  lived  for  forty-seven  years.  He  was  the  first  person  in  that  vicinity 
to  receive  a  deed  for  his  property.  In  1850  Mr.  Trowbridge  returned  to  Maine  and 
brought  out  his  father  and  three  sisters  to  share  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Trowbridge  were  bom  ten  children,  five  sons  and  five  daughters,  six  of 
whom  are  living,  viz:  Henry  0.,  Sarah  A.,  Loren  E.,  deceased;  Eoanna  A.,  Fannie 
A.,  George  E.  and  Samuel  E.,  both  deceased;  Georgiana,  Lemuel  A.,  and  Hannah  Et- 
tie,  deceased.  Mr.  Trowbridge  always  took  an  active  interest  in  educational  matters, 
and  was  also  a  firm  supporter  of  the  government  during  the  dark  days  of  civil  strife, 
sending  a  substitute  to  the  army  to  assist  in  defending  the  fiag.  When  the  railroad 
was  built  through  Jackson  township,  he  deeded  to  the  company  a  site  for  a  station,  as 
well  as  the  right  of  way  through  his  land,  and  in  his  honor  the  station  was  named 
Trowbridge.  A  postoffice  was  also  established  there  bearing  the  same  title,  the  only 
one  in  the  United  States  of  that  name.  When  the  question  of  dividing  Tioga  county 
was  being  agitated,  Mr.  Trowbridge  was  largely  instrumental  in  defeating  the  scheme, 
securing  301  signers  in  opposition  to  it.  He  served  as  school  director  for  nine  years, 
and  although  not  active  in  politics,  always  fulfilled  the  duties  of  a  good  citizen. 
He  was  kind  and  charitable  to  the  poor  and  needy,  and  while  enjoying  the  fruits 
of  his  early  industry,  he  also  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  community 
up  to  his  death,  June  10,  1896. 

EiCHAED  J.  Stilwell  was  bom  in  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, ia  1831,  a  son  of  Clark  Stilwell.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Tompkins 
county,  New  York,  and  located  at  Daggett's  Mills,  where  he  engaged  in  lumbering, 
and  later  purchased  a  farm  which  he  cleared  and  improved.  He  married  Mary 
Searles,  who  had  seven  children:  Marvin,  Eichard  J.,  Sarah  L.,  Herman  C,  Mary, 
Eleetus  C.  and  Selina.  He  reared  this  large  family,  and  died  in  1878.  Eichard  J. 
grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  township,  obtaining  a  limited  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  district.  In  1854  he  married  Laura  A.  Everett,  a  daughter  of 
William  and  Laura  Everett,  early  settlers  of  the  county.    When  Mr.  Everett  and 


1046  HISTOET    01'    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

his  wife  first  located  in  the  dense  forest,  it  was  customary  for  his  wife  to  carry  a  horn 
to  notify  her  husband  in  case  of  being  lost.  She  also  often  punched  the  burning 
log  heap  at  night  to  make  it  blaze  brightly,  for  the  purpose  of  driving  away  the  howl- 
ing wolves  that  surrounded  their  lonely  cabin.  Mr.  Everett  was  a  manufacturer 
of  shingles,  also  cleared  up  a  farm,  and  aided  in  cutting  a  road  through  the  forest 
from  Millerton.  After  his  marriage,  Mr.  Stilwell  located  near  his  father's  home,  in 
Eutland  township,  but  in  1856  purchased  his  present  farm,  on  which  he  has  since 
resided.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stilwell  are  the  parents  of  nine  children,  three  sons  and  six 
daughters,  viz:  Emerson,  Mary  E.,  William,  Frank,  Elnore,  Lena,  Bell,  Jessie  and 
Anna  L.  The  parents  and  most  of  the  children  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church.  In  politics,  Mr.  Stilwell  is  an  active  member  of  the  Eepublican  party, 
and  has  filled  the  office  of  township  clerk  for  several  terms.  By  industry  and  ju- 
dicious management  he  has  become  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  township, 
and  is  surrounded  by  the  usual  comforts  which  a  successful  life  affords. 

Geohge  M.  Hued  was  born  in  Knoxville,  Iowa,  April  8, 1858,  a  son  of  Elijah  S. 
and  Nancy  (Benson)  Hurd,  of  Sullivan  county,  New  York.    His  father  was  a  son 
of   Solomon   Hurd,   a  hotel   keeper   of  Warsaw,   New   York,   and   removed  to 
Marion  county,  Iowa,  in  1830.    He  was  the  first  brick  manufacturer  of  that  State 
and  demonstrated  the  fact  that  bricks  could  be  made  from  the  common  clay  of  the 
soil  of  Iowa.    Elijah  S.  Hurd  was  an  honored  and  respected  citizen  of  the  State,  and 
one  of  its  representative  men.    In  early  life  a  Whig,  he  was  identified  with  the  Eepub- 
lican party  from  its  formation,  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  political  history  of  the 
Territory  of  Iowa,  and  was  one  of  the  delegates  that  assisted  in  framing  the  state 
constitution.    An  ardent  Abolitionist,  his  home  was  a  station  on  the  Underground 
Eailroad,  where  many  a  fugitive  slave  was  assisted  in  their  flight  for  liberty.    Mr. 
Hurd  filled  many  offices,  among  others  those  of  state  senator  and  lieutenant  governor 
of  Iowa.    He  died  in  1878,  and  his  wife,  in  1888.    They  reared  four  sons  and  three 
daughters.     George  M.  was  the  second  son  and  received  his  primary  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  town.    He  later  attended  Central  University,  and  graduated 
at  Epworth  Seminary  in  1883.    Becoming  interested  in  the  life  insurance  business, 
he  organized  a  company  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  1883,  to  do  business  in  Iowa  and 
Minnesota.     He  was  a  director  in  and  manager  of  the  company  and  resided  ia 
Dubuque  one  year.     Eemoving  to  Minneapolis  he  organized  the  Citizens  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Company  in  1885,  which  is  yet  doing  business,  and  was  an  officer  in 
the  company  until  1889.    In  that  year  he  became  interested  in  the  American  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Association,  of  Minneapolis,  with  which  he  was  identified  for  two  years, 
when  he  disposed  of  his  stock  and  removed  to  Chicago.    Here  he  bought  an  in- 
terest in  the  American  Investment  Company  of  that  city,  of  which  he  was  elected 
treasurer,  but  at  the  end  of  one  year  he  sold  out  and  settled  in  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania.   Purchasing  the  old  Everett  homestead  in  Jackson  township,  he  has  since 
so  improved  it  as  to  make  it  one  of  the  model  farms  in  the  county.    In  the  autumn 
of  1891  he  went  to  California,  where  he  became  interested  in  the  Pacific  States 
Savings  and  Loan  Company.    After  an  absence  of  one  year  he  returned  to  his  home, 
and  in  May,  1893,  organized  the  Elmira  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  Association, 
which  has  since  done  a  large  business  in  this  locality.     He  was  a  director  in  and  man- 
ager of  this  company  up  to  1895  when  he  resigned  and  became  connected  with  the 


BIOGEAPHIOAL     SKETCHES.  1047 


Guaxantee  Savings,  Loan  and  Investment  Company,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  Mr.  Hurd 
was  married  August  14, 1884,  to  Mary  E.  Stilwell,  a  daughter  of  Eichard  J.  Stilwell, 
of  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county.  Five  children  have  been  bom  to  this  union,  viz: 
Walter  E.,  Jerome  S.,  George  Ealph,  Victor  Hugo  and  Mary  E. 

Putnam  C.  Sisson,  a  son  of  Theodore  H.  and  Nancy  A.  (Eggleston)  Sisson,  of 
Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  bom  in  that  township  on  No- 
vember 13,  1852.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and  lived 
with  his  parents  until  after  his  majority.  On  May  32,  1883,  he  married  Carrie  E. 
Eoekwell,  a  daughter  of  Philander  W.  and  Salina  S.  (Palmer)  Eockwell,  of  Coving- 
ton township,  and  located  on  a  part  of  a  tract  of  land  which  his  father  had  purchased, 
and  has  cleared  and  improved  the  same.  He  has  since  given  his  attention  to  general 
fanning,  in  which  he  has  been  fairly  successful,  with  the  exception  of  four  years  that 
he  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  at  Williamsport,  where  he  removed  in  the 
spring  of  1889.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sisson  are  the  parents  of  two  children,  Ivan  E.  and 
Lina  E.  They  are  members  of  the  Disciples  church,  of  Williamsport,  and  take  an 
active  part  in  church  and  Sunday-school  work  at  Jackson  Summit,  where  they  now 
reside.  They  were  formerly  connected  with  Jackson  Summit  Lodge,  I.  0.  G.  T., 
which  has  since  passed  out  of  existence.  In  politics,  Mr.  Sisson  is  a  Eepublican. 
He  was  a  member  of  Seely  Creek  Lodge,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  later  a  charter  member  of 
Jackson  Summit  Lodge,  of  the  same  society.  He  is  also  connected  with  Mitchell's 
Mills  Grange,  No.  912,  P.  of  H.,  in  all  of  which  societies  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

Alfeed  B.  Hazen  was  born  in  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  March  11,  1837,  a 
son  of  James  E.  and  Eoxy  Ann  (Eeed)  Hazen.  When  he  was  about  seven  years  old 
his  parents  removed  to  Tioga  county.  New  York,  where  he  grew  to  manhood,  receiv- 
ing a  common  school  education.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
lumber  in  that  county,  which  business  he  continued  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war.  On  November  1,  1855,  he  married  Eachel  A.  Leonard,  a  daughter  of  Eobert 
Leonard,  of  Tioga  county.  New  York,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  William 
H.,  born  June  7, 1856,  and  died  April  19, 1865,  and  Stella  A.,  born  October  8,  1858, 
now  the  wife  of  Henry  Friends,  of  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Hazen  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Fifth  New  York  Cavalry,  December  23,  1861, 
and  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  in  the  Shenandoah  valley.  He  was 
wounded  in  the  leg  at  Brandy  Station,  in  June,  1862,  and  in  the  right  arm  at  Spott- 
sylvania.  May  12,  1864.  He  was  in  hospital  on  account  of  these  wounds  about  one 
month  after  each  occurred.  He  participated  in  all  of  the  battles  in  which  his  regi- 
ment was  engaged  up  to  the  close  of  the  wax,  and  was  discharged  at  York,  Peimsyl- 
vania.  May  24,  1865.  Eeturning  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  New  York,  he  re- 
moved in  the  spring  of  1866  to  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  had  purchased  a  farm  the  previous  autumn,  on  which  his  son-in-law, 
Henry  Friends,  now  lives.  Mr.  Hazen  cleared  and  improved  this  property,  and 
now  makes  his  home  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Friends,  whose  husband  has  charge  of 
the  farm.  Mrs.  Hazen  died  December  24, 1888.  Mr.  Hazen  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has 
filled  the  ofi&ce  of  township  supervisor.  He  is  a  member  of  Millerton  Lodge,  No.  935, 
I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Millerton,  and  of  Jackson  Encampment,  No.  31,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of 
Daggetts.    He  is  also  connected  with  Charles  W.  Doming  Post,  No.  476,  G.  A.  E., 


1048  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA  OOUNTT. 

of  Millerton;  with  Mitcheirs  Mills  Grange,  No.  912,  and  Pomona  Grange,  No.  30, 
of  Wellsboro. 

Benjamin"  0.  Wheelee  was  bom  in  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, May  31,  1825,  but  went  to  Caton  township,  Steuben  county.  New  York, 
in  youth,  and  lived  there  until  1874.  He  then  returned  to  Jackson  township,  and 
settled  on  the  farm  stiU  owned  by  his  son,  Marion  H.  He  followed  farming  as  a  life 
vocation.  On  November  8,  1846,  he  married  Anneda,  a  daughter  of  William  and 
Hannah  (Kelley)  Strock,  then  residents  of  Orange  county.  New  York,  buf  later  of 
Caton.  Three  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Amanda  M.,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  fourteen;  Marion  H.  and  Jason  C,  both  residents  of  Jackson  township. 
Mr.  Wheeler  and  wife  were  originally  members  of  the  Free  Baptist  church,  but  in 
their  later  years  became  Adventists.  He  died  February  14,  1878,  and  his  wife,  Sep- 
tember 12,  1894. 

Maeion  H.  Wheelee,  eldest  son  of  Benjamin  0.  Wheeler,  was  bom  in  Caton 
township,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  October  26,  1851.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  district,  and  lived  with  his  parents  on  the  farm  until  after  his  majority. 
On  September  10,  1873,  he  married  Mrs.  Esther  Millard,  widow  of  William  Millard, 
and  daughter  of  William  and  Hannah  (Hudson)  Rathbun,  of  ColUnsville,  Connec- 
ticut. She  was  the  mother  of  two  children  by  her  first  marriage,  viz:  Ida  A.,  de- 
ceased, and  Ef&e  A.,  who  lives  at  home.  There  has  been  no  issue  by  her  present  mar- 
riage. In  1874  Mr.  Wheeler  moved  to  an  unimproved  farm  in  Jackson  township, 
Tioga  county,  belonging  to  his  wife,  where  they  have  since  lived.  He  has  cleared 
and  improved  the  land,  erected  substantial  buildings,  and  brought  the  farm  under 
general  cultivation.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wheeler  are  members  of  Mitchell's  Mills  Grange, 
No.  912,  P.  of  H.,  of  which  he  has  been  a  trustee  two  years,  during  which  time  the 
present  Grange  Hall  property  was  purchased. 

Haeet  T.  Geaves,  editor  of  the  Millerton  Advocate,  was  born  at  Covington, 
Tioga  county,  March  26,  1847,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Graves.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town  and  assisted  his  father  in  the 
hotel  business  at  Covington  during  his  boyhood  days.  In  October,  1862,  he  enlisted 
in  Battery  G,  Third  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  and  re-enlisted  April  2, 1864,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  general  order  so  allowing,  in  Company  E,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  then  being  organized.  He  was  wounded  at  Fort 
Darling,  May  16,  1864,  but  participated  with  his  regiment  in  the  battles  of  Cold 
Harbor,  Siege  of  Petersburg,  Mine  Explosion,  Fair  Oaks,  Fort  Harrison,  Chapin's 
Farm  and  other  engagements,  and  was  discharged  at  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  November 
13,  1865,  with  the  rank  of  sergeant,  his  term  of  enlistment  having  expired  and  the 
war  ended.  Mr.  Graves  opened  a  job  printing  office  in  Blossburg  in  1868,  and 
January  1,  1870,  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Blossburg  Register,  his  brother, 
Fred,  now  editor  of  the  Tioga  Argus,  being  connected  with  him  in  its  publication 
after  the  first  three  issues,  under  the  firm  name  of  Graves  Brothers.  The  office 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1873,  but  within  three  weeks  the  paper  was  again  issued  with 
new  material.  He  remained  in  the  Register  office  until  the  fall  of  1876,  when  he  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Covington.  In  October,  1877,  he  resurrected  the  Millerton 
Advocate.    There  was  no  material  of  any  value  in  the  office,  and  his  first  issue  was 


BIOGBAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1049 


printed  at  Tioga.  He  put  in  a  newspaper  and  job  press,  and  for  nearly  twenty  years 
has  issued  the  Advocate  regularly  and  enjoys  a  good  circiilation.  Mr.  Graves  is  a 
member  of  Deming  Post,  No.  476,  G.  A.  R.,  in  which  he  filled  the  position  of  com- 
mander four  successive  terms  from  date  of  charter;  is  also  a  member  of  Wellsboro 
Encampment,  No.  105,  U.  V.  L.,  and  Millerton  Lodge,  No.  935,  I.  0.  0.  P.  On 
December  33,  1871,  he  married  Maggie  A.  Doud,  of  Covington,  who  died  January 
15,  1890.  Three  children  were  bom  to  this  union.  The  eldest,  Nellie,  died  in 
August,  1890;  Haxry  D.,  died  February  9, 1894,  and  Fritz  K.  survives.  Mr.  Graves 
is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  well-known  newspaper  men  of  Tioga  county. 

Daniel  N.  Lucy  was  bom  at  Big  Flats,  Chemung  coimty.  New  York,  in  1865, 
and  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
began  working  at  the  trade  of  a  painter  and  finisher  of  hard  woods,  which  business 
he  followed  in  Elmira,  New  York,  for  a  period  of  eight  years.  He  then  located  in 
Millerton,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  conducted  a  general  store  for  a  few 
years,  and  then  resumed  his  former  business.  Mr.  Lucy  became  a  member  of  Mil- 
lerton Lodge,  No.  935,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  in  1893,  has  passed  through  the  several  chairs, 
and  is  now  chief  ofl&cer  of  the  lodge.  In  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  order  he  takes 
a  deep  interest,  and  is  one  of  the  working  members  of  the  society.  In  politics,  he  is 
a  Eepublican. 

James  R.  Sheldon  was  bom  in  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  July  3,  1845,  a  son 
of  Charles  and  Mary  Ann  (Eoloson)  Sheldon,  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  Holland 
descent.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith  in  early  life  and  later  a  farmer.  In  1864  the 
family  located  at  Aspinwall  Corners,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  the 
mother  died.  The  father  died  in  Elmira.  They,  were  the  parents  of  six  children,  viz: 
James  E.,  George,  William,  Ellen,  Martha  A.,  and  Laura  Ann.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  educated  in  New  Jersey,  and  has  devoted  his  principal  attention  to  farm- 
ing. He  purchased  a  farm  of  130  acres  in  Jackson  township,  which  he  cleared  and 
improved,  but  now  resides  in  Millerton.  Mr.  Sheldon  is  interested  in  the  Keystone 
Suspension  Fence,  which  he  manufactures  and  sells  principally  in  Tioga  county. 
He  claims  it  is  one  of  the  best,  cheapest  and  most  satisfactory  fences  in  the  market. 
Mr.  Sheldon  was  married  in  Troy,  Bradford  county,  to  Helen  M.  Soper,  a  daughter  of 
George  "W.  Soper.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children,  named  as  follows:  Grace 
B.,  wife  of  Charles  Satterlee;  Walton  C,  and  Leah  M.  In  April,  1865,  Mr.  Sheldon 
enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  but  was  soon  after  honorably  discharged  on  account  of 
sickness.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 
He  is  one  of  the  well-known  business  men  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 


CHAPTEE  LXIV. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

Richmond  Township  and  Mansfield  Boeough— Sullivan  Township  and  Maines- 
BUEG — Rutland  Township. 


Eev.  Nehbmiah  Hobaet  Eiplet  was  bom  in  Massachusetts,  May  5,  1771,  and 
removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Albany,  Ifew  York,  whence  he  came  to  Tioga  coimty, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1815,  and  settled  in  Eichmond  township,  on  Corey  creek,  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  east  of  Mansfield.  Here,  in  1836,  he  built  a  saw-mill,  where  the 
Elijah  Pincheon  Clark  mill  afterwards  stood.  Mr.  Eipley  was  credited  with  being 
the  first  minister  of  the  gospel  to  settle  in  Eichmond  tovmship.  Before  coming  to 
this  county  he  married  Lucy  Ball,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children.  His 
second  wife  was  Sally  Shaw,  a  daughter  of  Joshua  Shaw.  Mr.  Eipley  was  ordained 
a  Baptist  minister,  and  preached  for  that  denomination  nearly  fifteen  years,  then 
became  a  Universalist,  and  continued  to  preach  the  doctrines  of  that  faith  until  his 
death,  September  16,  1847. 

Philip  S.  Eipley  was  bom  near  Albany,  Few  York,  March  24,  1813,  and  was 
a  son  of  Nehemiah  Hobart  and  Lucy  Eipley.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Eichmond 
township,  Tioga  county,  in  1815,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  When  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age  he  bought  the  farm  upon  which  his  son,  Eoswell  P.,  now 
resides,  where  he  lived  until  1892,  when  he  retired  from  active  work  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  Mansfield.  Here  he  died,  April  14,  1895,  aged  eighty-three  years. 
On  December  28,  1837,  Mr.  Eipley  was  united  in  marriage  to  Lorena  Webster, 
second  daughter  of  Eoswell  Webster,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  settled  in  Sullivan 
township,  Tioga  county,  at  an  early  day.  Mrs.  Eipley  was  born  June  24,  1817,  and 
became  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Hobart,  a  resident  of  Glensted,  Mi&- 
souri;  Homer  J.,  of  Sullivan  township;  Ezra,  a  resident  of  Oneida  county,  New  York; 
Joel,  deceased;  Lucy  A.,  deceased  wife  of  Joseph  B.  Eumsey;  Vohiey,  Eoswell  P. 
and  Charles  Creson,  all  residents  of  Eichmond  township;  Philander  W.,  who  lives  in 
Scranton,  and  Bertha  J.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Eipley  died  June  3,  1888,  and  he  was 
again  married,  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Miller,  widow  of  Elias  Miller,  who  survives  him.  In 
politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  stanch  Universalist.  He  was  known 
for  his  moral  rectitude,  steadfastness  of  character,  and  devotion  to  friends  and 
family. 

Capt.  Homee  J.  Eiplet  was  bom  near  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  December  8, 
1839,  and  lived  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  he  reached  man's  estate.  He 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  at  Mansfield  Seminary.  In  the  summers  of 
1858-59,  he  assisted  in  laying  brick  in  the  erection  of  the  Seminary  building  at 
Mansfield,  and  in  1860  did  similar  work  upon  the  jail  in  Wellsboro.  In  the  winter 
of  1861  he  entered  the  store  of  A.  J.  &  E.  E.  Webster,  of  Mainesburg,  where  he 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1051 


clerked  until  the  spring  of  1862,  and  then  entered  Binghamton  Commercial  Col- 
lege. In  August,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry,  then  a 
part  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Fifth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
In  September,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  sergeant,  and  in  November  was  made  com- 
missary sergeant.  Having  passed  an  examination  for  promotion  before  General 
Casey^s  board,  he  was  commissioned  second  and  first  lieutenant,  successively,  in  the 
Fourteenth  regiment,  in  June,.  1865.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  made  adjutant,  and 
left  New  York  harbor  with  his  regiment  in  November,  1865,  for  California.  The 
command  reached  Camp  Goodwin,  Arizona,  in  May,  1866,  and  in  July  the  Third 
Battalion  of  the  Fourteenth  became  the  Thirty-second  United  States  Infantry. 
He  was  promoted  captain  in  the  new  regiment  on  September  15,  1867,  and  com- 
manded at  Camp  Bowie,  Arizona,  until  July,  1869,  when  he  took  a  leave  of  absence 
for  a  visit  home,  and  was  married  November  1, 1869,  to  Adalena  Eumsey,  a  daughter 
of  Aaron  Eumsey,  of  Sullivan  township.  In  February,  1870,  Captain  Eipley  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  commissary  for  the  Arapahoe  and  Cheyenne  Indians,  at  Camp 
Supply,  Indian  Territory,  and  resigned  from  the  service  January  1, 1871.  Upon  his 
return  to  civil  life  Captain  Eipley  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Mansfield,  subse- 
quently located  on  a  farm,  but  seven  years  later  again  embarked  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness at  Mainesburg.  He  closed  his  store  at  the  latter  place  in  January,  1888,  to  enter 
upon  his  duties  as  register  and  recorder,  in  which  office  he  served  three  con- 
secutive terms,  and  then  settled  on  his  farm  in  Sullivan  township.  He  is  a  member 
of  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  E.,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and 
the  F.  &  A.  M.  societies.  Captain  Eipley  is  an  ardent  Eepubliean,  and  one  of  the 
most  prominent,  popular  and  active  members  of  his  party  in  Tioga  county. 

VoLNET  Eipley  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga 
county,  October  5,  1843,  a  son  of  Philip  S.  and  Lorena  Eipley.  He  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  and  has  made  farming  his  life  occupation.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  enlisted 
in  Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Tenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated 
in  the  battle  of  White  Oak  Eoad.  In  July,  1865,  he  removed  to  Oneida  county.  New 
York,  purchased  a  farm,  and  lived  there  until  January,  1867,  when  he  traded  it  for 
his  present  place  of  100  acres,  in  the  eastern  part  of  Eichmond  township.  On 
January  9,  1866,  Mr.  Eipley  married  Ameda  Eumsey,  a  daughter  of  Aaron  and 
Aurilla  Eumsey,  and  has  two  children,  Maude  A.  and  Adeline  May.  He  is  a  Eepubli- 
ean, in  politics,  and  a  Baptist,  in  religion.  He  has  served  as  school  director  of  his 
district,  and  is  connected  with  Mansfield  Lodge,  No.  536,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  also  with 
Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  E.  Mr.  Eipley  is  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  the 
township,  and  is  highly  respected  in  the  community  where  most  of  his  life  has  been 
spent. 

Elijah  Pincheon  Claek  was  bom  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  May  16,  1807,  a  son  of  Elijah  aad  Lydia  (Mixter)  Clark.  His  father 
was  bom  in  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  in  1783,  married  Lydia  Mixter  in  1803,  and 
came  to  Tioga  county  in  1806.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Eichmond 
township.  His  first  wife  died  in  1833,  and  in  1835  he  married  Mrs.  Hannah  Jackson. 
He  died  January  5, 1864,  aged  eighty-one  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to 
manhood  in  his  native  township,  and  followed  farming  and  lumbering.  On  Octo- 
ber 20,  1834,  he  married  Fanny  Fitzgerald,  a  native  of  Orange  county.  New  York, 


1052  ,  HI3T0ET    OF   TIOGA   COTJNTY. 

bom  December  28,  1803.  The  following  children  were  born  to  this  union:  Daaiiel 
E.,  who  died  in  Whitewater,  Wisconsin,  July  38, 1863;  Warren  M.,  a  contractor  and 
builder,  of  Waverly,  ISTew  York;  Frank  W.,  a  lawyer,  of  Mansfield;  J.  Miller,  pro- 
prietor of  the  Corey  Creek  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm,  former  superintendent  of  the 
State  Orphan  School  at  Hartford,  Pennsylvania,  and  now  superintendent  of  the  State 
Industrial  School  at  Scotland,  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  Myron  S.,  who 
died  in  1865.  Mrs.  Clark  died  April  11,  1873,  and  in  1879  Mr.  Clark  married  Mrs. 
Eliza  Eandall.    He  died  October  27,  1884. 

JoHif  Kelts,  a  native  of  the  Mohawk  valley,  New  York,  came  to  Tioga  county, 
about  1804,  with  his  brothers,  Peter  and  Jacob,  and  settled  on  the  site  of  Mansfield, 
being  the  first  permanent  settlers  at  that  place.  About  1813  he  married  Abigail 
Button,  who  became  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Sobrine,  of  Eichmond 
township;  Jerusha,  deceased  wife  of  Seth  Eumsey;  Mary  Ann,  widow  of  Shippen 
Eastman,  of  Lawrenceville;  Edgar,  a  resident  of  Lawrenceville;  Jacob,  who  resides 
in  Westfield;  John,  deceased;  Finley,  who  lives  at  Homellsville,  New  York,  and 
Horace,  who  lives  in  Knoxville.  Mr.  Kelts  died  in  Knoxville  at  the  age  of  eighty-five 
years. 

SoBEiNE  Kelts,  eldest  son  of  John  and  Abigail  Kelts,  was  bom  in  Mansfield> 
Tioga  county,  December  6,  1814,  and  is  the  oldest  living  person  bom  within  the 
limits  of  that  borough.  He  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and  endured  the  usual 
privations  of  pioneer  life.  On  August  27,  1837,  he  married  Susan  Middaugh,  a 
daughter  of  Joseph  Middaugh,  who  settled  in  Lawrence  township  in  1806,  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Knapp.  Eight  children  have  been  bom  to  this 
union,  viz:  Victor  Leroy,  deceased,  who  served  in  Company  G,  Fifty-first  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  died  at  Camp  Parole,  Annapolis,  Maryland,  May  12,  1863; 
Alexander  Hamilton,  a  member  of  Company  D,  same  regiment,  who  was  killed  at 
Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1862;  Isabel,  wife  of  Valentine  Eeep;  Catherine, 
widow  of  Daniel  Clark;  Delia,  wife  of  Horace  Eeep;  Horace,  a  resident  of  Mansfield; 
Sarah,  wife  of  Sperry  Eichmond,  and  Ida,  wife  of  George  W.  Lenox.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Kelts  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  native  bom  citizens  in  the  county. 

Jttstus  B.  Clakk  was  born  in  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  February  4,  1800,  a 
son  of  Seth  and  Eleanor  (Burr)  Clark.  His  father  was  a  soldier  under  Washington 
in  the  Eevolution.  When  Justice  B.  was  six  years  of  age,  his  parents  removed  to 
Vermont,  and  in  1814,  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  the  Tioga  Eiver  valley, 
below  Mansfield.  A  few  years  later  they  removed  to  a  farm  on  Corey  creek,  two 
miles  east  of  Mansfield.  In  1821  Justus  B.  was  married  to  Catherine  Hart,  who 
was  bom  May  25,  1805.  The  following  children  were  bom  to  this  union:  John, 
Julia,  who  married  Albert  Sherwood;  Lucinda,  who  married  Lyman  Beach;  Justus 
B.,  Nancy,  who  married  Hiram  Middaugh;  Daniel  and  Amanda,  both  deceased,  and 
Morris  B.  Mrs.  Clark  died  October  7, 1872,  and  her  husband,  June  24,1892.  He  was 
a  typical  pioneer  and  backwoodsman,  and  in  early  manhood  spent  much  of  his  time 
on  the  chase,  hunting  the  wild  animals  that  then  so  thickly  infested  this  region.  He 
was  a  man  of  rugged  physique  and  capable  of  great  endurance,  and  retained  his 
powers  of  mind  and  memory  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  at  the  remarkable  age  of 
ninety-two  years. 

Justus  B.  Clark,  Je.,  son  of  Justus  B.  and  Catherine  Clark,  was  bom  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1053 


Eiehmond  township,  Tioga  county,  June  5, 1832,  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm, 
on  Corey  creek,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  On  June  5, 1856,  he  mar- 
ried Susan  H.  Lucas,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Phoebe  Lucas,  who  bore  him  two  sons, 
Lyman,  deceased,  and  George  A.,  now  a  resident  of  Mansfield.  Mrs.  Clark  died 
July  19, 1890,  and  he  was  again  married,  to  Mary  N".  Johnson,  nee  Klock,  widow  of 
Henry  Johnson,  by  whom  he  has  one  son,  Lee  Earl.  In  the  fall  of  1861  Mr.  Clark 
enlisted  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred  and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served 
antil  the  regiment  was  discharged,  participating  in  the  various  battles  in  which 
it  took  part.  He  entered  the  service  as  a  private,  and  by  successive  promotions, 
for  meritorious  conduct,  reached  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant  before  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service.  He  was  taken  prisoner  with  his  company  at  Plymouth,  North 
CaroUna,  in  April,  1864,  and  was  confined  in  Andersonville  and  other  southern 
prisons  until  February,  1865.  In  1866  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  375  acres,  in 
the  southeast  part  of  Eiehmond  township.  From  1881  to  1885  he  was  engaged 
in  the  general  mercantile  business  in  Mansfield  with  his  son,  George  A.  In  1891 
he  established  the  Mansfield  Carriage  Eepository,  of  which  his  son  had  charge, 
retiring  to  his  farm  in  1892.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  Mansfield  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  and  of  Sullivan  Grange,  of  Mainesburg.  He  has 
served  as  a  school  director,  and  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Normal 
School  for  a  number  of  years.  In  religion,  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church. 

Geokge  A.  Clabk,  son  of  Justus  B.  Clark,  Jr.,  and  Susan  H.  (Lucas)  Clark, 
was  born  in  Eiehmond  township,  Tioga  county,  August  4,  1859,  was  reared  on  the 
homestead  farm,  and  received  his  education  at  Mansfield  State  Normal  School  and  Al- 
len's Business  College.  From  1881  to  1885  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  B.  Clark 
&  Son,  general  merchants.  In  1886  he  went  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  and  brokerage  business,  under  the  firm  name  of  Abbott  &  Clark.  In 
1889,  owing  to  the  serious  illness  of  his  mother,  he  sold  his  western  interests,  returned 
to  Mansfield,  and  later  took  charge  of  the  carriage  repository  established  by  his 
father,  purchasing  the  same  in  1895.  The  business  consists  of  dealing  in  carriages, 
wagons,  harness,  agricultural  implements  and  machinery.  On  September  30,  1881, 
Mr.  Clark  married  Fredrika  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Jean  M.  Allen,  of  Mansfield, 
who  has  borne  him  two  children,  viz:  Frederic  Blaine,  deceased,  and  Irme  Audrie. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Clark  is  a  Eepublican.  He  is  treasurer  of  Mansfield  Lbdge,  No.  5, 
S.  F.  I. 

Daniel  Holden  was  born  in  Barre,  Massachusetts,  September  1,  1784.  In 
1809  he  married  Lydia  Lownsbery,  and  they  became  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
viz:  Eliza,  wife  of  Martin  Stratton,  of  Blossburg;  Lucy,  deceased  wife  of  Eobert 
Bailey;  Daniel  L.,  born  February  10,  1814,  and  died  June  17,  1893;  Isaac,  born 
August  13,  1816,  and  died  March  8,  1893;  DeWitt  Clinton,  born  October  14,  1818, 
and  died  in  1873;  John  A.,  bom  December  30,  1831,  now  the  oldest  native-bom 
resident  of  Mansfield;  George  E.,  a  resident  of  Charleston  township;  Horace  W., 
a  druggist  of  Elmira,  New  York,  and  Eeuben  N.,  a  resident  of  Eeed  City,  Michigan. 
A  few  years  after  his  marriage,  Mr.  Holden  removed  to  Albany,  New  York,  where 
he  kept  a  hotel.  In  1819  he  came  to  Tioga  county  and  located  at  Canoe  Camp, 
removing  to  Mansfield  the  following  year.     He  settled  on  the  land  now  owned  by 


1054  HISTOBT   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

P.  V.  VanKess  and  D.  H.  Pitts.  In  1836  lie  built  a  store  opposite  his  residence,  the 
first  one  in  the  village,  where  he  eaiTied  on  business  up  to  his  death,  September  4, 
1830.  His  widow  and  son,  Daniel  L.,  continued  the  business  until  1834.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  also  owned  a  store  in  Sylvania,  and  was  a  partner  with  Thomas  K. 
Mitchell  in  one  at  Mitchell's  Creek.  He  was  a  man  of  great  energy  aoad  enterprise, 
and  occupied  a  prominent  place  among  the  pioneers.  His  widow  died  in  1874,  aged 
eighty-three  years. 

Isaac  Holden  was  bom  in  Albany,  Few  York,  August  13,  1816,  a  son  of 
Daniel  Holden,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  in  1819.  He  grew  to 
manhood  in  Mansfield,  and  March  4,  1841,  married  Lydia  Phelps,  a  native  of  Che- 
nango county,  New  York.  Her  parents  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1837,  and  set- 
tled at  Beecher's  Island,  where  she  grew  to  maturity.  She  became  the  mother 
of  six  children,  as  follows:  Delos  W.  and  Ada  C,  both  of  whom  died  in  childhood; 
Charles  A.,  of  Mansfield;  Addie,  wife  of  George  Dorsett,  of  Jersey  Shore;  Carrie, 
and  Eva,  wife  of  Leonard  Grover,  of  Buffalo.  Mr.  Holden  was  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness in  Mansfield  before  the  war,  but  subsequently  engaged  in  farming.  He  died 
March  8,  1893.  Politically,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Chaeles  a.  Holden,  oldest  son  of  Isaac  Holden,  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Tioga 
county,  December  30, 1849.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  the  State 
Normal  School.  After  arriving  at  manhood,  he  gained  a  practical  knowledge  of 
business  as  a  clerk  in  Mansfield  and  Blossburg.  On  August  13,  1879,  he  embarked 
in  business  for  himself  in  Mansfield,  where  he  opened  a  fruit  and  confectionery 
store,  which  he  has  successfully  conducted  up  to  the  present.  Mr.  Holden  married 
Catherine  A.  Dorsett,  a  daughter  of  P.  E.  ajid  Sophronia  Dorsett,  of  Mansfield. 

John  A.  Holden  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1831,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Lydia  (Lownsbery)  Holden.  He  received 
such  education  as  the  common  schools  afforded,  and  in  early  manhood  learned  the 
carpenter's  trade  with  his  brother-in-law,  Martin  Stratton,  of  Blossburg.  He  worked 
in  the  latter  place  about  two  years,  from  1840  to  1843,  and  then  returned  to  Mans- 
field. Up  to  1860  he  had  either  built  or  helped  build  over  one-half  of  the  houses 
then  in  Mansfield.  In  1861  he  went  to  Fall  Brook  and  worked  two  years,  putting 
up  buildings  there.  He  again  returned  to  Mansfield,  which  has  since  been  his  home. 
In  1880  he  had  charge  of  the  work  on  the  public  school  building  of  Mansfield.  In 
1885-86  he  built  his  present  home  and  the  house  adjoining,  since  which  time  he 
has  lived  retired.  He  is  now  the  oldest  resident  of  Mansfield  born  within  the  bor- 
ough limits.  On  May  34,  1848,  Mr.  Holden  married  Betsey  Davis,  a  daughter  of 
Capt.  Ezra  and  Betsey  (Walker)  Davis,  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  and  early  settlers 
in  Mansfield.  Mrs.  Holden  was  bom  in  Londonderry,  Vermont,  December  14,  1825, 
and  came  with  her  parents  to  Mansfield  in  the  spring  of  1838.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Holden  have  been  born  the  following  named  children:  Josephine  Adelia,  wife  of 
Asa  L.  Wilcox,  of  Canoe  Camp;  Nellie,  deceased;  Daniel  Alfred,  a  resident  of 
Pittsburg,  and  Lydia  Delphine,  wife  of  Prank  Wright,  of  the  same  city.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Holden  was  originally  a  Democrat,  then  a  Free  Soiler,  and  has  been  a  Ee- 
publican  since  the  organization  of  that  party.    He  was  the  second  burgess  of  Mans- 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1055 


field,  has  been  constable,  and  has  served  six  terms  as  assessor,  and  eighteen  years 
as  school  director. 

Lieut.  Jacob  Allen  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  in  1763.  He  served  as  aide- 
de-camp  to  his  father  at  the  begianing  of  the  Eevolution,  and  after  his  father's  death 
in  battle,  he  continued  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  married 
in  his  native  State  and  became  the  father  of  seven  children.  In  1818  he  removed  to 
Tioga  county  and  settled  on  the  old  Elijah  Claxk  farm,  in  Eichmond  township,  where 
he  died  December  11,  1836. 

Almon  Allen,  second  son  of  Jacob  Allen,  was  bom  in  Massachusetts,  in  1798. 
He  married  Polly  Bates,  to  which  union  were  bom  seven  children,  Fordyee  Almon, 
being  the  eldest.  He  came  to  Mansfield  with  his  family  in  1823,  from  Cummington, 
Massachusetts,  and  in  1834  he  and  his  brother-in-law,  Solon  Eichards,  erected  a 
woolen  factory  in  the  village,  which  they  operated  several  years  and  then  sold. 
After  living  for  some  years  in  Ohio,  Massachusetts,  and  Chautauqua  county,  !N'ew 
York,  Mr.  Allen  returned  to  Mansfield,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his 
Hfe.    He  died  in  1871,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Peof.  Fohdtce  Almon  Allen,  eldest  son  of  Almon  Allen,  and  grandson  of 
Lieut.  Jacob  Allen,  was  bom  in  Cummington,  Massachusetts,  July  10,  1830,  and  was 
two  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Mansfield.  As  a  boy,  he  attended  the  old 
plank  school  house  near  the  railroad  bridge,  on  Wellsboro  street.  His  youth  and 
early  manhood  were  spent  in  Ohio,  Massachusetts,  and  Chautauqua  county,  New 
York.  While  in  Massachusetts  he  learned  the  clothier's  trade.  At  nineteen  years 
of  age  he  began  life  for  himself,  clerking  in  Coudersport,  Potter  county,  where 
he  remained  until  1844,  clerking,  attending  school  and  teaching.  He  next  attended 
the  classical  school  at  Alexandria,  N"ew  York,  one  year.  In  1845  he  married  Sarah 
Caldwell,  of  Coudersport,  Pennsylvania,  to  which  union  was  bom  one  son,  Clarence 
E.,  now  of  Elmira.  From  1845  to  1848  he  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Jamestown, 
New  York.  In  the  latter  year  his  wife  died.  He  next  filled  the  position  of  principal 
of  the  Fredonia  High  School,  Fredonia,  New  York,  for  two  years  and  a  half,  re- 
signing on  account  of  ill  health,  upon  the  recovery  of  which  he  accepted  the  prin- 
cipalship  of  the  academy  at  Smethport,  Pennsylvania.  On  December  33,  1853, 
Professor  Allen  married  Jane  M.,  a  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Eveline  Martin,  of 
McKean  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  which  marriage  were  bom  four  children,  two  of 
whom  survive:  Frederick  M.  and  Stella  E.  In  1853  Professor  Allen  became  editor  of 
the  McKean  Citizen,  and  the  following  year  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  schools 
of  McKean  county,  the  first  to  hold  that  office,  which  he  filled  until  the  spring  of 
1858,  when  he  established  a  normal  school  at  West  Chester,  Pennsylvania,  of  which 
he  was  principal  six  years.  In  July,  1864,  he  came  to  Mansfield  and  took  charge  of 
the  State  Normal  School,  and  was  principal  of  that  institution  five  years.  He 
established  the  Soldiers'  Orphan  School  in  the  autumn  of  1867,  the  management 
of  which  he  retained  until  his  death.  In  the  fall  of  1877  he  again  became  principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  being  elected  for  a  term  of  five  years,  and 
while  still  occupying  that  position,  he  died  at  his  home  in  that  borough,  February 
11,  1880.  It  was  as  a  conductor  of  teachers'  institutes,  however,  that  Professor 
Allen  achieved  his  greatest  reputation.  So  successful  was  he  in  this  department 
of  normal  school  work,  that  his  services  were  in  constant  demand  in  all  parts  of  the 


1056  HISTOKT   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 


country.  He  devoted  one  winter  to  holding  institutes  in  Wisconsin,  and  the  sum- 
mers of  1869  and  1870  to  the  same  work  in  Maine.  In  the  spring  of  1871  he  held 
institutes  in  Vermont,  New  Orleans,  and  Mississippi,  and  in  1876  in  Virginia.  In 
1879  he  made  a  trip  to  California,  and  on  the  way  home  held  institutes 
in  Kansas.  In  early  life  Professor  Allen  was  aji  Abolitionist,  and  supported  James 
G.  Birney  for  the  presidency,  and  later  cast  his  fortunes  with  the  Eepublican  party. 
In  religion,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  His  widow,  who 
still  occupies  the  family  home  in  Mansfield,  treasures  among  her  most  valued  pos- 
sessions the  large  and  well-selected  library  which  her  husband  collected  during  his 
life.  Professor  Allen  was  not  only  a  leader  in  educational  work,  but  was  a  powerful 
moral  force  in  the  community.  He  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  liquor  traffic,  and 
bent  his  energies  towards  having  it  so  far  suppressed  as  to  prohibit  its  sale  within 
a  certain  distance  of  the  State  Normal  School.  His  untimely  death  caused  general 
sorrowing,  for  he  was  loved  and  respected  by  old  and  young.  His  ever  cheerful 
smile  and  encouraging  words  were  an  inspiration  to  all,  and  few  educators  could 
develop  the  higher  qualities  in  youth  to  a  greater  degree  than  he.  So  closely  iden- 
tified was  Professor  Allen  with  the  leading  interests  of  Mansfield,  that  he  is  still  re- 
membered as  one  of  its  most  progressive,  useful  and  public-spirited  men.  As  a 
Christian,  friend,  husband  and  father  he  was  above  reproach.  He  lived  close  to 
Nature's  great  heart,  which  enabled  him  to  understand  the  hearts  of  others  and 
teach  them  the  purer,  nobler  paths  of  life  that  alone  lead  to  happiness  and  con- 
tentment. 

LoEiN  Btttts  was  bom  in  "Windham  county,  Connecticut,  October  28,  1796, 
there  grew  to  manhood  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  On  May  5,  1819,  he 
married  Harriet  Hyde,  a  native  of  the  same  county,  bom  April  18,  1800.  In  the 
fall  of  1829  he  removed  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  built 
the  Presbyterian  church,  said  to  be  the  first  church  building  erected  in  the  county 
outside  of  Wellsboro.  In  February,  1833,  he  removed  to  Eichmond  township  and 
settled  on  a  farm  now  within  the  borough  limits  of  Mansfield,  on  which  stood  a 
small  house  and  a  log  bam.  In  the  summer  of  1854  he  built  the  present  residence 
of  his  daughter,  Byrissa  B.  Butts,  where  he  died  August  16,  1874.  His  wife  died 
June  17, 1837.  She  was  the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Byrissa  B.,  of  Mans- 
field; Harriet,  who  died  October  4,  1847;  Jean  M.,  deceased  wife  of  Henry  Allen, 
deceased;  Lucy  A.,  widow  of  Spencer  Mclntyre,  of  Blossburg;  Dyer  J.,  of  Mans- 
field, and  Lorin  Hyde,  who  resides  in  New  York  City.  Mr.  Butts  was  an  elder  in 
the  Presbyterian  church  and  a  tireless,  enthusiastic  worker  in  both  church  and 
Sunday-school.  By  his  personal  example  and  efforts,  he  did  much  to  forward  the 
cause  of  religion  and  morality,  and  was  especially  prominent  in  temperance  work. 
His  wife,  too,  was  an  earnest  and  devoted  Christian,  and  was  active  in  the  charitable 
work  of  the  church.  During  the  dark  days  of  the  Eebellion,  he.  was  ever  loyal  and 
devoted  to  the  government  and  sent  two  sons  into  the  army  to  assist  in  defending 
the  Union.  In  politics,  Mr.  Butts  was  a  Eepublican,  served  five  years  as  a  Justice  of 
the  peace,  and  also  held  various  other  township  offices.  He  was  practically  the 
founder  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  274,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  an  active  and  conscientious 
Mason. 

Byrissa  B.  Butts,  oldest  child  of  Lorin  Butts,  was  bom  in  Canterbury,  Wind- 


BIOGHAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1057 


ham  county,  Connecticut,  March  31,  1830.  When  nine  years  of  age  she  came  with 
her  parents  to  Lawrenceville,  Tioga  county,  and  four  years  later  to  Mansfield.  Her 
mother  died  when  Byrissa  B.  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  the  care  of  the  younger 
children  fell  upon  her.  She  has  remained  unmarried,  was  the  companion  of  her 
father  during  the  declining  years  of  his  life,  and  now  occupies  the  old  homestead 
on  South  Main  street,  in  Mansfield.  This  and  the  fifty  acres  of  land  adjoining  she 
owns  and  manages.  Though  advanced  in  years,  she  is  still  vigorous  and  active,  and 
gives  her  personal  attention  to  the  management  of  her  property.  Her  memory 
of  events  and  incidents  connected  with  the  earlier  history  of  the  tovmship  and  bor- 
ough is  clear  and  accurate.  She  is  known  in  the  community  as  a  very  charitable 
woman,  who  is  always  kind  and  helpful  to  the  poor  and  needy — a  woman  whose 
enterprise,  public  spirit  and  charity  are  well  known  in  the  Tioga  valley,  where  she  has 
lived  for  almost  seventy  years. 

Apollos  Pitts,  son  of  Hanover  and  MoUie  (Cudworth)  Pitts,  was  bom  in  Sul- 
livan township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  13,  1810,  and  spent  his  early 
years  in  that  township,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years  after  his  mother's  death 
that  he  lived  with  a  family  named  Eeynolds,  in  Hector,  New  York.  His  opportuni- 
ties for  obtaining  an  education  were  limited  to  the  pioneer  schools  of  that  period, 
and  he  was  reared  to  habits  of  industry  and  economy.  On  May  10,  1833,  he  married 
Phoebe  M.  Mudge,  a  daughter  of  Aaron  Mudge,  an  early  settler  of  Sullivan  town- 
ship, who  bore  him  a  family  of  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Pem- 
broke P.,  a  resident  of  Belmont,  New  York;  Mrs  Mary  P.  Smith,  of  Osawatomie, 
Kansas;  Daniel  H.  and  John  F.  The  deceased  are:  Charles  M.,  Aaron  M.,  Emma 
Josephine,  who  married  J.  "W.  Bailey,  and  Lucinda  H.,  who  married  J.  S.  Mur- 
dough.  In  1837  Mr.  Pitts  came  to  Mansfield,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business; 
was  also  postmaster  of  that  borough,  and  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  so 
many  years  that  he  was  always  addressed  as  'Squire  Pitts.  He  was  instrumental 
in  building  the  Seminary  and  served  as  a  trustee.  He  finally  settled  on  a  farm  east 
of  Mansfield,  since  known  as  the  Voorhees  place,  and  lived  there  many  years,  farm- 
ing, lumbering  and  operating  a  saw-mill.  In  1855  he  sold  this  place  and  bought  a 
farm  four  miles  southeast  of  Mansfield.  Here  he  lived  until  1865,  when  he  bought 
the  next  farm  below,  now  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son,  John  P.  Pitts.  On  this  he 
resided  until  his  death,  March  9,  1895.  His  wife  died  in  December,  1873.  A  life- 
long Democrat,  he  was  as  faithful  to  the  principles  of  his  party  during  the  long 
years  since  it  lost  its  ascendency  in  this  county,  as  when  it  was  the  majority  party, 
and  never  missed  an  opportunity  of  recording  his  convictions  at  the  polls,  his  last 
visit  to  Mansfield  being  on  election  day,  in  November,  1894. 

Capt.  Aaeon  Mtjdge  Pitts,  son  of  Apollos  Pitts,  was  bom  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  October  27, 1834,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Mansfield  in  1837. 
He  was  educated  at  the  common  schools,  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Lima, 
New  York,  and  Mansfield  Classical  Seminaiy.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Doniphan 
county,  Kansas,  and  while  residing  there  served  as  constable  and  deputy  sheriff. 
On  August  10, 1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry, 
and  rose  by  successive  promotions  until  he  was  commissioned  captain  of  Company 
D,  in  1863.  He  served  principally  in  Mississippi  and  Tennessee,  and  was  highly 
complimented  by  the  commanding  general  for  discipline  and  gallantry.    In  1865 

67 


1058  HISTOEY    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

he  was  stationed  at  St.  Louis  as  a  member  of  the  court  martial  board,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  with  the  regiment  at  Fort  Leavenworth  in  September  of 
that  year.  The  following  December  he  returned  to  Mansfield,  and  in  February,  1866, 
went  into  the  mercantile  business  with  J.  S.  Murdough  and  his  brother,  D.  H. 
Pitts,  the  firm  being  Murdough  &  Pitts  Brothers.  In  1869  the  firm  became  Pitts 
Brothers,  and  so  continued  until  1879,  when  Aaron  M.  withdrew  and  embarked 
in  the  lumber  and  real  estate  business.  He  later  engaged  in  the  sale  of  agricul- 
tural implements  and  buying  grain,  which  he  continued  until  failing  health  com- 
pelled him  to  retire.  Captain  Pitts  was  married  May  1,  1866,  to  Fannie  A.  Bixby, 
a  daughter  of  Amos  and  Lydia  G.  (Sheffield)  Bixby.  She  was  bom  in  Yonkers, 
New  York,  May  4,  1839,  and  came  to  Mansfield  with  her  parents  in  1844.  Two 
children  were  bom  of  this  union,  viz:  Harriet,  wife  of  Eev.  Charles  K.  Newell, 
a  resident  of  Big  Plats,  New  York,  and  Wayne  A.,  a  merchant  of  Mansfield.  Though 
■a  life-long  Democrat,  Captain  Pitts  was  proud  of  having  voted  for  Lincoln  in  1864. 
He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Mansfield  State  Normal  for  many  years,  and  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  G.  A.  E.  and  the  Tioga  Valley  Grange.  He  died  October  3,  1891. 
For  over  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Mansfield,  noted 
for  his  energy,  enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

Daniel  H.  Pitts,  son  of  ApoUos  Pitts,  was  born  in  Mansfield,  Tioga  county. 
May  11,  1839,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Mansfield  Classical 
Seminary.  After  leaving  school  he  worked  on  the  homestead  farm  until  April,  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Eeserve,  and  served  with  his 
regiment  until  June,  1864.  Among  other  battles,  he  participated  in  the  Seven 
Days'  Fight  before  Eichmond  and  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  where  he  was 
wounded  in  the  right  arm.  After  his  discharge  from  the  service,  he  became  sutler 
of  the  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry,  and  continued  as  such  imtil  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  returned  to  Mansfield.  In  February,  1866,  he  became  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Murdough  &  Pitts  Brothers,  which  three  years  later  was  changed  to  Pitts 
Brothers.  In  1879  his  brother,  Aaron  M.,  withdrew,  and  Frank  Hart  acquiring 
an  interest,  the  firm  then  became  D.  H.  Pitts  &  Company.  A  short  time  afterwards 
Mr.  Pitts  purchased  Mr.  Hart's  interest,  and  has  since  carried  on  the  business 
alone,  his  store  now  being  the  leading  mercantile  establishment  in  Mansfield.  Janu- 
ary 4,  1870,  he  married  Jennie  Bodine,  a  daughter  of  Frederick  Bodine,  to  which 
union  have  been  bom  three  children,  viz:  Clyde  D.,  Eva  B.  and  Lew  F.  In  poli- 
ties, Mr.  Pitts  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  burgess,  member  of  the  council,  and 
school  director.  As  a  business  man,  his  career  has  been  one  of  uninterrupted  success, 
and  he  justly  ranks  as  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  native  county.  His  store 
stands  upon  the  spot  where  he  was  bom,  and  the  large  business  which  he  has  built 
up  is  the  most  enduring  and  appropriate  monument  that  it  could  bear  to  mark  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  town.  Mr.  Pitts  has  been  a  warm  friend  of  the  State 
Normal  School,  and  has  served  for  many  years  as  a  member  and  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees.  He  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  local  and  national  politics, 
and  has  been  a  delegate  to  many  county  conventions.  In  1888  he  was  a  delegate 
from  this  congressional  district  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  St.  Louis 
that  re-nominated  Grover  Cleveland  for  the  presidency. 

John  F.  Pitts  was  born  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  July  3,  1849, 


BIOGBAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1059 


and  is  the  youngest  living  child  of  ApoUos  Pitts.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  township.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
he  purchased  one-half  of  the  old  homestead,  and  in  1891  bought  the  other  half, 
making  a  farm  of  300  acres,  located  a  short  distance  southeast  of  Mansfield.  In 
December,  1871,  Mr.  Pitts  married  Sarah  J.  Baker,  a  daughter  of  Kussell  Baker, 
of  Charleston  township,  and  has  four  children,  viz:  Mary  E.,  Kaymond  D.,  Josephine 
M.  and  Arthur  H.  Mr.  Pitts  gave  his  whole  attention  to  farming  until  his  election, 
in  November,  1893,  to  the  office  of  county  commissioner.  His  term  expired  January 
1,  1897,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  himself  to  his  farm.  He  had  previously 
served  as  supervisor  of  Richmond  township,  in  1889  and  1890.  Like  his  father, 
Mr.  Pitts  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  is  a  stanch  supporter  of  Democratic 
principles.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  the  family  adhere  to  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Pitts  is  not  only  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  town- 
ship, but  is  one  of  the  substantial,  enterprising  and  progressive  citizens  of  his 
native  county. 

Amos  Bixby  was  bom  in  Windham  county,  Vermont,  and  was  reared  in  Sus- 
quehanna county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  son  of  Darius  and  Eachel  (Smith) 
Bixby,  natives  of  Vermont.  In  January,  1836,  he  was  married  in  Eaxlville,  New 
York,  to  Lydia  G.  Sheffield,  and  in  1844  came  to  Mansfield,  Tioga  county.  He 
first  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  general  merchandising  business,  and  in  building 
canal  boats  at  a  yard  northeast  of  the  borough  bridge  crossing  Tioga  river.  He 
later  became  a  railroad  contractor  and  built  several  sections  of  the  New  York  and 
Erie  road,  being  also  engaged  in  track  laying  on  that  and  the  Northern  Central. 
He  built  and  operated  the  plaster  and  paint-mill  at  the  south  line  of  what  is  now 
Mansfield  borough;  also  a  saw-mill  on  the  same  site.  In  connection  with  the  mills 
was  a  farm  on  which  he  resided  for  ten  yeaxs  preceding  his  death.  Mr.  Bixby  was 
a  stanch  Whig  and  later  a  Eepublican.  He  was  greatly  interested  in  the  varying 
fortunes  of  the  Mansfield  Seminary,  now  the  State  Normal  School,  and  served 
many  terms  as  a  trustee.  He  also  filled  the  office  of  county  commissioner  for  two 
years,  resigning  in  1863  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  died  August  4,  1863,  leaving 
a  wife,  one  son  and  two  daughters.  His  wife  died  in  1881.  The  children  are  as 
follows:  Joseph  NeweU,  who  died  in  1895;  Fannie  A.,  widow  of  Capt.  A.  M.  Pitts, 
and  Harriet  M.,  who  died  in  1863. 

Daniel  Sheewood,  a  son  of  Henry  Sherwood,  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  Oc- 
tober 33,  1774,  and  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Sherwood,  who  came  to  America 
in  1634  and  settled  in  New  England.  While  yet  a  young  man  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Marathon,  Cortland  county,  New  York,  where  he 
was  married  March  30,  1800,  to  Anna  Stevens,  a  daughter  of  John  Stevens.  She 
was  bom  May  8,  1783,  and  became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  all  of  whom  are 
dead  except  Hiram  M.,  of  Mansfield.  In  1830  Mr.  Sherwood,  several  of  his  sons, 
and  his  brother,  Noai,  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  a  short  distance  below 
the  site  of  Lamb's  Creek,  where  they  built  a  saw-mill.  In  1839  they  removed  to 
Mansfield,  where  Mr.  Sherwood  continued  to  reside  until  his  death,  April  7,  1859. 
His  wife  died  Pebraary  9,  1848.  Before  coming  to  Tioga  county,  Mr.  Sherwood 
represented  Cortland  county.  New  York,  in  the  state  legislature  for  several  years, 
and  usually  made  the  journey  to  and  from  Albany  on  horseback.    He  was  the  founder 


1060  HISTOKT    OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

of  the  Baptist  church  at  Mansfield,  of  which  his  son,  Eev.  Abijah  Sherwood,  was 
the  first  pastor.  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence,  strict  integrity  and  good  business 
ability.  His  son,  Daniel  Lee  Sherwood,  bom  near  Marathon,  New  York,  December 
5,  1809,  represented  Tioga  and  Potter  counties  in  the  legislature  in  1843-43,  and 
Tioga  and  Bradford  in  the  State  Senate  from  1844  to  1846,  being  speaker  during 
the  latter  year.  From  1877  to  1880  he  was  a  representative  from  Northumberland 
county.    He  died  at  Northumberland,  Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1886. 

Albeet  Sherwood,  son  of  Daniel  Sherwood,  was  bom  near  Marathon,  New 
York,  August  37,  1817,  and  was  about  thirteen  years  old  when  his  parents  came  to 
Tioga  county.  In  early  life  he  devoted  his  attention  to  lumbering,  and  after  the 
family  removed  to  Mansfield  he  engaged  in  farming.  On  May  38,  1845,  he  mar- 
ried Julia  A.  Clark,  a  daughter  of  Justus  B.  and  Catherine  (Haxt)  Clark,  of  Eich- 
mond  township,  to  which  union  were  bom  the  following  named  children:  Andrew 
J.,  deceased;  Daniel  Andrew,  a  resident  of  Mansfield;  Anna  M.,  wife  of  Daniel  L. 
Fralie,  of  Coming,  New  York,  and  Clark  B.,  who  resides  in  Mansfield.  Mr.  Sher- 
wood was  for  many  years  a  Democrat,  but  in  later  life  acted  with  the  Prohibition 
party.  He  was  one  of  the  early  trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield, 
and  the  longest  in  service,  and  some  years  before  his  death  was  made  an  honorary 
trustee  for  life.  He  was  also  a  member  and  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Mans- 
field.   He  died  September  4,  1896,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

Daniel  Andrew  Sherwood  was  bom  at  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  July  16, 
1848,  a  son  of  Albert  Sherwood,  and  grandson  of  Daniel  Sherwood.  He  obtained 
his  education  in  the  common  schools,  the  State  Normal  School  of  his  native  town, 
and  the  University  of  Chicago.  In  1870  he  assisted  in  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Ohio,  under  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  and  was  also  engaged  for  five  years  in  field  work 
on  the  New  York  Survey,  under  Prof.  James  Hall.  Prom  1873  to  1878  he  assisted 
in  the  Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania,  with  Prof.  J.  P.  Lesley,  working 
principally  in  Tioga,  Bradford,  Lycoming  and  Potter  counties.  During  the  World's 
Fair  in  Chicago,  he  was  the  manager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Mineral  Exhibit.  He 
has  also  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Anchor  Oil  Company  in  surveying  and  locating 
wells.  Mr.  Sherwood  was  married  April  17,  1873,  to  Jennie  L.  Knapp,  a  daughter 
of  A.  M.  and  Elizabeth  Knapp,  of  Lawrence  township,  and  has  five  children,  viz: 
Anna  L.,  Hugh  M.,  Mattie  J.,  Lola  I.  and  Jennie  E.  Mr.  Sherwood  is  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church,  a  writer  of  gospel  hymns  and  sacred  songs,  and  takes  an  interest 
in  religious  work.  In  politics,  a  Prohibitionist,  he  was  the  candidate  of  that  party 
for  the  Assembly  in  1884,  and  for  Congress  in  1894.  He  is  one  of  the  well-known 
residents  of  Mansfield,  where  nearly  his  entire  life  has  been  passed. 

Clark  Burr  Sherwood,  youngest  child  of  Albert  Sherwood,  and  grandson  of 
Daniel  Sherwood,  was  bom  upon  the  old  homestead  at  Mansfield,  Tioga  county, 
February  33,  1852,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  After  arriving  at 
manhood,  he  adopted  farming  as  his  avocation  and  has  successfully  pursued  it  up 
to  the  present  time.  Mr.  Sherwood  married  Sarah  E.  Smith,  of  Lawrence  township, 
a  daughter  of  Morton  and  Deborah  (IngersoU)  Smith,  formerly  of  Fairfield  county, 
Connecticut.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children,  named  as  follows:  Julia  Floy, 
by  a  former  marriage;  Lorena  J.,  and  Daniel  Albert.    In  politics,  Mr.  Sherwood  is 


BIOGKAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  1061 


a  Democrat,  with  independent  tendencies.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, and  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

De.  Joseph  P.  Moeeis,  son  of  Isaac  W.  and  Sarah  (Paschall)  Morris,  and 
grandson  of  Capt.  Samuel  Morris,  a  soldier  of  the  Eevolution,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania,  February  8,  1809.  In  1834  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  and  soon 
afterwards  located  iu  Blossburg,  there  being  at  that  time  only  a  few  families  in  the 
place.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Arbon  Coal  Company,  the  first  company  formed 
to  develop  the  Blossburg  coal  and  iron  deposits,  among  his  associates  being  James 
E.  Wilson,  of  Philadelphia;  Dr.  Lewis  Saynisch,  of  Blossburg,  and  James  H.  Gulick, 
of  New  Jersey.  He  also  was  interested  in  and  helped  to  build  the  Tioga  railroad. 
In  1843  he  purchased  of  James  E.  Wilson  1,100  acres  of  land,  formerly  the  Asa  Mann 
property,  for  $13,000.  This  included  nearly  all  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the 
borough  of  Mansfield.  Here  he  resided  until  1846,  devoting  his  time  to  his  land 
and  to  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  the  latter  year  he  moved  to  Wellsboro,  resided 
there  up  to  1854,  and  then  returned  to  Mansfield.  As  the  village  increased  in 
population,  his  land  was  laid  out  in  town  lots,  and  the  sale  of  these  and  the  pro- 
motion of  enterprises  calculated  to  advance  the  growth  of  the  town,  kept  his  time 
fully  occupied,  although  he  occasionally  answered  the  call  of  those  needing  his 
medical  services.  Dr.  Morris  was  one  of  the  original  friends  and  promoters  of  the 
Mansfield  Classical  Seminary  and  gave  six  acres  of  land  as  a  site  for  that  institu- 
tion. He  served  as  trustee  and  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Seminary  for  many 
years,  and  was  one  of  its  stanchest  friends,  giving  liberally  of  his  means  towards  its 
support.  He  was  later  a  trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School  for  some  years,  and 
also  gave  the  site  for  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  at  Mansfield.  Dr.  Morris 
was  married  November  3,  1836,  to  Sarah  B.  Morris,  a  daughter  of  Judge  Samuel 
Wells  and  Anna  (EUis)  Morris.  Her  father  was  a  son  of  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris, 
a  pioneer  of  Wellsboro,  and  married  Anna  Ellis,  a»  daughter  of  William  Ellis,  of 
Muncy,  Lycoming  county.  To  Dr.  Joseph  P.  and  Sarah  E.  Morris  were  born  three 
children,  viz:  Alfred,  bom  September  6,  1837,  and  died  June  17,  1860;  Catherine, 
widow  of  Charles  P.  Swan,  and  James  Wilson,  a  civil  engineer  of  Gallon,  Ohio. 
In  politics.  Dr.  Morris  was  a  Eepublican,  and  an  earnest  supporter  of  that  party. 
He  died  December  17,  1893,  at  the  ripe  age  of  nearly  eighty-four  years.  Though 
eighty  years  of  age,  Mrs.  Morris  is  bright,  active  and  energetic,  and  gives  her  per- 
sonal attention  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  her  late  husband's  interests.  She  pos- 
sesses a  fund  of  interesting  information  concerning  the  early  history  of  Mansfield, 
her  memory  of  dates  and  events  being  remarkably  clear  and  accurate. 

Olivee  Elliott,  a  son  of  Nathaniel  Elliott,  was  born  near  Portland,  Maine, 
May  13, 1805.  In  1808  his  parents  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  near  Coving- 
ton, removing  to  Cherry  Plats  in  1830.  Here  his  father  died  in  1840,  aged  seventy- 
one  years,  and  his  mother,  in  1845,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  Mr.  Elliott  married 
Mary  Ann  Eockwell,  of  Troy  township,  Bradford  county,  in  1826,  who  became  the 
mother  of  eight  children,  viz:  Orson  V.,  a  merchant  of  Mansfield;  Oliver  W.,  who 
died  in  the  army;  Anna  B.,  deceased  wife  of  Irving  S.  Harkness;  Thomas  D.,  a 
resident  of  Mansfield;  Victor  Alanson,  a  resident  of  Denver,  and  for  twelve  years 
circuit  judge,  and  five  years  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Colorado;  and  Mary 
and  Silas,  both  deceased.    Mrs.  Elliott  died  in.  1846,  and  in  1847  he  married  her 


1062  HI3T0ET   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

widowed  sister,  Mrs.  Julia  Bailey,  who  died  in  1849.  In  1850  he  married  Maria 
Harkness,  a  daughter  of  Joel  and  Almina  Harkness,  early  settlers  of  Covington 
township.  Three  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  only  one  of  whom  grew  up, 
Judson  A.,  a  resident  of  Mansfield.  From  1836  to  1849  Mr.  Elliott  resided  on  his 
farm  near  Mansfield,  but  in  the  spring  of  1850  he  returned  to  Cherry  Flats,  where 
he  carried  on  a  general  store  until  1868.  From  1868  to  1873  he  was  a  partner  with 
his  eldest  son,  Orson  V.,  in  the  shoe  business  at  Mansfield.  In  1873  he  sold  his 
interest  to  his  son  and  removed  to  Charleston  township,  and  engaged  in  farming. 
A  year  later  he  returned  to  Mansfield,  and  in  1876,  with  his  youngest  son,  Judson 
A.,  purchased  the  mercantile  business  of  William  Adams,  and  established  the  firm 
of  0.  Elliott  &  Son,  in  which  he  continued  until  his  death,  April  34,  1891. 

Thomas  D.  Elliott,  a  retired  farmer  of  Mansfield,  was  born  in  that  borough 
in  1834,  and  is  the  fourth  child  of  Oliver  and  Mary  Ann  (Eockwell)  Elliott.  He 
followed  farming  for  some  years,  and  later  conducted  a  meat  market  in  Wellsboro, 
whence  he  removed  to  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  and  subsequently  to  Mans- 
field. He  married  Julia  A.  Macumber,  of  Eichmond  township,  and  reared  three 
children,  viz:  Nettie,  wife  of  S.  C.  Peake,  of  Troy,  Bradford  county;  Walter  V.,  a 
dentist  of  Waverly,  New  York,  and  George  H.,  deceased.  Mr.  ElHott  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  served  in  the 
Eebellion  as  a  member  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers. 

Geoege  H.  Elliott,  youngest  child  of  Thomas  D.  Elliott,  and  grandson  of 
Oliver  Elliott,  was  born  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  July  4,  1863.  He 
was  reared  on  the  Homestead  farm,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  district 
schools  and  at  Wellsboro  High  School.  When  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  began 
running  a  huckster  wagon  in  Charleston  township,  which  business  he  continued 
five  years,  at  the  end  of  whicl^  time  he  purchased  a  farm  of  113  acres  in  Delmar 
township,  on  which  he  resided  until  his  death,  January  36,  1897.  Mr.  Elliott  was 
married  October  14,  1885,  to  Louise  H.  Coolidge,  a  daughter  of  D.  K.  and  Maiy  A. 
(Meacham)  Coolidge,  and  left  one  child.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church, 
to  which  his  widow  also  belongs.  In  politics,  he  was  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican 
party. 

Laeman  H.  Elliott  was  bom  in  Ancrum,  New  York,  June  4,  1794,  a  son  of 
William  Elliott.  He  acquired  a  fair  English  education  in  his  youth  and  later 
learned  the  mason's  trade.  In  1804  he  came  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  at  Wysox, 
Bradford  county,  where  he  witnessed  the  great  eclipse  of  1806.  He  afterwards 
went  to  Sheshequin,  in  the  same  county,  where,  September  9,  1831,  he  married 
Mary  Wright,  a  daughter  of  Matthew  Wright.  She  was  bom  in  Lisle,  Broome 
county,  New  York,  December  33,  1804.  In  1841  they  came  to  Tioga  county  and 
located  in  Middlebury  township,  where  he  followed  farming,  school  teaching  and 
working  at  his  trade.  In  1848  they  removed  to  Mansfield,  which  remained  their 
place  of  residence  until  their  death.  Mr.  Elliott  died  April  13,  1873,  and  his  wife, 
December  38, 1888.  They  were  the  parents  of  two  sons,  Charles  Volney  and  Simon 
Bolivar. 

Chaeles  Volnet  Elliott,  M.  D.,  son  of  Larman  H.  and  Mary  Elliott,  was 
born  in  Sheshequin,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  March  37,  1834,  and  was 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1063 


seTenteen  years  old  when  his  father  removed  to  this  county.  He  read  medicine  with 
Pr.  Nelson  Packer,  of  Wellsboro,  and  afterwards  took  a  course  of  study  at  Geneva 
Medical  College,  Geneva,  New  York.  In  1847  he  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Mansfield.  In  the  autumn  of  1856  he  removed  to  Hudson  City,  Wis- 
consin, but  in  1859  returned  to  Mansfield,  resumed  his  practice  here,  and  also 
opened  a  drug  store,  which  he  carried  on  up  to  1891,  when  he  sold  out  to  J.  M. 
Smith.  In  1860  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Mansfield,  and  held  the  office  for 
twelve  years.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878. 
He  has  also  served  as  burgess  of  Mansfield,  a  member  of  the  borough  council,  and 
as  trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School.  Dr.  Elliott  was  married  in  August,  1847,  to 
Eliza  A.  Graves,  a  daughter  of  Elisha  Graves,  of  Troy,  Bradford  county.  Their 
only  child,  Mary  E.,  is  now  the  wife  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Brown,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
Mrs.  Elliott  died  November  2,  1863,  and  Dr.  Elliott  married  for  his  second  wife, 
Julia  Ahce  Holden,  a  daughter  of  D.  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Mudge)  Holden,  of  Mans- 
field. The  only  child  of  this  marriage,  Arthur  H.,  was  born  September  4,  1867; 
is  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  Philadelphia;  married  E.  Mattie  Doane, 
and  is  now  a  druggist  in  Wellsboro.  In  politics.  Dr.  Elliott  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  in 
religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
Friendship  Lodge,  No.  247,  P.  &  A.  M.  Dr.  Elliott  retired  from  business  aad  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  1891,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  his  attention 
to  the  cultivation  of  his  pleasantly  situated  homestead  in  the  northern  suburbs  of 
Mansfield.  During  the  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  he 
not  only  earned  an  enduring  reputation  as  a  skillful  and  successful  physician,  but 
has  long  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  the  county.  His  services 
in  the  legislature  and  in  the  various  other  offices  he  has  filled,  were  characterized  by 
an  unfaltering  fidelity  to  duty  and  an  unwavering  adherence  to  principle.  True 
to  every  trust  reposed  in  him,  he  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community 
in  which  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  has  been  spent. 

William  M.  Baeden,  M.  D.,  was  bom  in  Benton,  New  York,  February  14, 
1813,  and  was  educated  at  Geneva  Medical  College.  He  married  Olive  Hanley,  a 
native  of  Hector,  Schuyler  county.  New  York,  to  which  union  were  bom  four  chil- 
dren, viz:  0.  P.,  recently  deceaaed,  who  for  many  years  was  a  practicing  physician 
ia  Tioga  borough;  Samuel  0.,  a  resident  of  Eichmond  township;  Olive  Louise, 
who  died  in  infancy,  and  John  M.,  a  physician  of  Eoseville,  Tioga  county.  Mrs. 
Barden  died  in  1847,  in  Benton,  New  York,  and  in  1853,  Dr.  Barden  came  to  Mans- 
field, Tioga  county.  He  was  the  first  homeopathic  physician  in  the  borough,  and, 
notwithstanding  the  prejudice  in  favor  of  the  old  school,  he  soon  established  a  repu- 
tation as  a  skillful  and  successful  practitioner.    He  died  September  30,  1884. 

John  M.  Baeden,  M.  D.,  son  of  Dr.  William  M.  Barden,  was  bom  in  Benton, 
Yates  county.  New  York,  January  33,  1834.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Peach  Orchard  Academy,  Hector,  New  York,  studied  medicine  under 
his  father,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1863.  He  located  at  Eoseville,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  continued  his  professional  duties  until  1881,  when  he  removed 
to  Mansfield.  Here  he  practiced  his  profession  until  April,  1895,  when  he  retumed 
to  Eoseville,  where  he  now  resides.  Dr.  Barden  was  married  to  Harriet  H.  Ketchum, 
a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Phoebe  Ketchum,  January  5,  1860.    Her  parents  came 


1064  HISTOBY   OF  TIOGA  COUITTT. 

from  Lisle,  Broome  coimty,  New  York,  to  Mansfield,  in  1858.  Pour  children  have 
blessed  this  union,  as  follows:  Kate,  wife  of  A.  W.  Stevenson,  of  Mansfield;  EsteUe, 
wife  of  J.  C.  Gallop,  of  Smethport,  MeKean  county;  John  L.,  who  lives  with  his 
parents,  and  Otis,  who  died  in  infancy.  Dr.  Barden  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and 
while  a  resident  of  Mansfield  filled  the  office  of  burgess,  served  in  the  borough 
council,  and  was  president  of  the  board  of  trade,  and  the  Smythe  Park  Association. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  also  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  347,  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  Mansfield  Lodge,  Ko.  536, 1.  0.  0.  F.  He  is  connected  with  the  Southern 
Tier  Homeopathic  Association,  of  New  York,  and  is  one  of  the  well-known  practi- 
tioners of  his  school  of  medicine.  To  a  successful  career  as  a  physician.  Dr.  Barden 
has  added  that  of  a  citizen  ever  ready  to  forward  the  best  interests  of  the  commu- 
nity in-  which  he  lives. 

Andrew  J.  Eoss  was  born  in  Pike  township,  Bradford  county,  Peimsylvania, 
February  23,  ISS?.  His  father,  Isaac  Eoss,  was  an  early  settler  of  Bradford  county, 
and  also  a  contractor  on  the  North  Branch  canal,  where  Andrew  J.  was  employed 
as  a  foreman.  He  afterwards  clerked  ia  a  store  at  Stanton,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1854 
located  in  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county.  A  year  later  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  and  in 
partnership  with  the  late  Philip  Williams,  under  the  firm  name  of  Eoss  &  Williams, 
engaged  in  merchandising.  In  1860  the  firm  added  lumbering  to  their  business,  and 
in  1865  sold  out  the  store,  but  continued  their  lumber  operations,  and  also  opened 
a  loan  office.  On  May  24,  1872,  they  established  the  banking  house  of  Eoss  & 
Williams,  of  which  Mr.  Eoss  continued  as  senior  partner  until  his  death,  August 
18,  1875.  On  April  33,  1856,  he  married  Sarah  McKune,  a  daughter  of  James 
McKune,  to  which  union  were  bom  two  children,  Charles  S.  and  Edward  H.  Mrs. 
Eoss  died  on  July  9,  1883,  aged  fifty-two  years.  During  the  thirty  years  of  his 
residence  in  Mansfield,  Mr.  Eoss  was  prominent  both  as  a  business  man  and  a  citizen. 
He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  building  up  of  the  borough,  and  gave  a  cordial  and 
earnest  support  to  every  enterprise  having  that  end  in  view.  He  was  a  warm  friend 
of  the  Mansfield  Classical  Seminary,  and  its  successor,  the  State  Normal  School, 
during  the  years  it  was  beset  with  difficulties  and  vicissitudes,  and  served  on  the 
board  of  trustees  and  as  treasurer  of  the  institution  for  a  number  of  years.  In 
politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church. 

Charles  S.  Eoss,  eldest  son  of  Andrew  J.  Eoss,  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Tioga 
county,  February  14,  1857.  He  was  educated  in  the  State  Normal  School,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1876.  Immediately  afterwards  he  entered  the  banking 
house  of  Eoss  &  Williams,  as  the  representative  of  his  father's  interest,  and  in  the 
summer  of  1878  he  succeeded  to  the  place  in  that  firm  made  vacant  by  his  father's 
death.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Williams,  in  July,  1894,  Mr.  Eoss  carried  on  the 
business  as  surviving  partner,  until  January  1,  1895,  when  he  became  the  sole 
proprietor,  but  continued  under  the  old  firm  name.  In  polities,  Mr.  Eoss  is  a  Eepub- 
lican, but  has  never  sought  or  held  office. 

Edwaed  H.  Eoss,  youngest  son  of  Andrew  J.  Eoss,  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Tioga 
county,  November  10,  1865.  He  was  educated  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mans- 
field, and  the  military  academy  at  White  Plains,  New  York,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  1883.    He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Elliott  &  Watrous,  of  Wells- 


BIOQEAPHIOAL  SKETCHES.  1065 


boro,  but  has  never  practiced.  In  1889  he  established  the  Eoss  Cigar  Company, 
which  employs  about  fifty  hands  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  for  the  retail  trade. 
Under  his  management  the  enterprise  has  proven  successful  and  is  an  important 
factor  in  the  industrial  life  of  Mansfield.  Mr.  Ross  was  married  April  5, 1893,  to  Miss 
Mary  Waldo,  and  has  one  son,  Charles  Waldo.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is 
connected  with  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  347,  5.  &  A.  M. 

Lawton  Cummings  was  born  in  Oswego,  New  York,  June  1, 1836,  and  was  one 
of  nine  children  bom  to  Lawton  C.  and  Polly  (McMillan)  Cummings,  as  follows: 
Maria,  wife  of  James  C.  Skinner,  of  Evanston,  Illinois;  David,  deceased;  Lawton, 
of  Mansfield;  Frances,  wife  of  L.  H.  Eobbins,  of  Mansfield;  Edwin,  deceased; 
Eunice,  wife  of  Horace  Case,  of  Coldwater,  Michigan;  Elliott,  a  resident  of  Cali- 
fornia; Lucy,  and  John,  the  last  deceased.  When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  three 
years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Oneida  county,  New  York.  There  he  grew  to 
manhood,  attending  school  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  and  later  learning  the 
carpenter's  trade.  His  mother  died  in  1840,  and  his  father  subsequently  married 
Lurana  Hoard,  removed  to  Coldwater,  Michigan,  and  there  passed  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  In  1850  Mr.  Cummings  came  to  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  where 
he  worked  at  his  trade  a  few  years.  In  1853  he  embarked  in  merchandising,  as  a 
member  of  the  firin  of  Hoard,  Beach  &  Cummings,  in  which  he  continued  several 
years.  He  was  among  the  earliest  subscribers  to  the  Mansfield  Classical  Seminary 
fund,  and  was  employed  as  a  foreman  in  the  erection  of  the  first  building.  He 
was  actively  engaged  as  a  carpenter  and  builder  up  to  1887,  when  he  and  his  son, 
John  L.,  opened  a  bakery  and  confectionery,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  L.  Cum- 
mings &  Company,  which  has  proven  a  prosperous  venture.  On  December  13,  1853, 
Mr.  Cummings  married  Polly  Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Hunt,  of  Mansfield,  to 
which  union  have  been  bom  three  children,  viz:  Nettie  S.,  John  L.  and  Ida  Belle. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church. 

John  L.  Cummings,  son  of  Lawton  Cummings,  was  bom  in  Mansfield,  Tioga 
coimty,  August  3, 1863,  and  was  educated  in  the  State  Normal  School  and  the  Allen 
Business  College.  In  1887  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  father,  under  the  firm 
name  of  J.  L.  Cummings  &  Company,  and  established  their  present  baiery  and 
confectionery  business.  On  August  16, 1894,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Mans- 
field, by  President  Cleveland,  and  still  holds  the  oflaee.  In  politics,  Mr.  Cummings 
is  a  stanch  Democrat,  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  county  conventions,  and  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  local  leaders  in  his  party.  He  makes  a  popular  and  efficient  post- 
master, and  has  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  to  the  satisfaction  of  its  patrons, 
irrespective  of  party.    In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

EoswELL  BaIley  was  bom  in  Vermont,  December  35,  1783,  came  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  about  the  year  1803,  and  located  in  Tioga  township.  In  1810 
he  removed  to  the  Dartt  settlement,  in  Charleston  township,  where  he  cleared  and 
improved  a  farm,"  and  died  October  34,  1840.  In  1805  Mr.  Bailey  married  Lucinda 
Clark,  of  which  union  six  children  grew  to  maturity,  named  as  follows:  Clark  W., 
Eobert  B.,  Eoswell  W.,  Mary  A.,  Benjamin  M.  and  Justus  B.  Mrs.  Bailey  died  in 
the  early  twenties,  and  in  1833  he  married  Julia  A.  Eockwell,  who  became  the  mother 


1066  HISTOET   OP  TIOGA   COUNTY. 


of  six  children,  viz:  John  W.,  Eockwell  S.,  George  W.,  Julia  A.,  Ellen  M.  and  Caro- 
line. 

Claek  W.  Bailey  was  born  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  county,  January  12, 
1806,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Eoswell  and  Lucinda  Bailey.  He  grew  up  amidst 
pioneer  surroundings,  and  attended  school  in  the  old-fashioned  log  school  house 
of  early  days.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  purchased  a  farm  near  Whitney's 
Corners,  Charleston  township,  and  later  formed  a  partnership  with  E.  G.  White, 
erected  a  large  steam  saw-mill,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  on  an  exten- 
sive scale.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  where  he  purchased  a  grist-mill,  and 
the  following  year  built  a  water-power  saw-mill,  both  of  which  he  operated  until 
1866,  when  he  sold  out  to  his  sons,  Thomas  H.  and  Justus  W.  -  He  also  owned  and 
operated  a  foundry  in  Mansiield,  and  was  one  of  its  most  prominent  business  men 
for  many  years.  He  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  Mansfield  Seminary,  was 
a  liberal  supporter  of  all  public  enterprises,  and  an  earnest  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  On  May  13,  1827,  Mr.  Bailey  married  Vesta  Judd,  of  Bingham- 
ton,  New  York,  to  which  union  were  bom  ten  children,  as  follows:  Sarah  L.,  Eoswell 
G.,  Julius  M.,  Wesley  V.,  Thomas  H.,  Emily  J.,  Julia  A.,  Justus  W.,  Clarissa  V. 
and  Clark  B.  Mr.  Bailey  died  at  the  home  of  his  son,  Julius  M.,  December  22, 1881. 
His  widow  survived  until  October  2, 1882,  dying  at  the  age  of  seventy-four  years. 

Thomas  H.  Bailey  was  bom  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Decem- 
ber 1, 1839,  and  is  the  fourth  son  of  Clark  W.  Bailey.  He  was  reared  on  the  home- 
stead farm,  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  after  attaining  manhood  he 
purchased  a  grist-mill  from  his  father,  which  he  operated  until  1889.  In  1866  he 
and  his  brother,  Justus  W.,  bought  their  father's  saw-mill,  and  a  few  years  later 
they  also  bought  the  foundry  at  Mansfield.  A  short  time  afterwards,  Thomas  H. 
purchased  his  brother's  interest  in  both  industries,  but  the  mills  were  swept  away 
by  the  flood  of  June,  1889,  entailing  upon  Mr.  Bailey  a  heavy  loss.  He  purchased 
several  large  tracts  of  timber  lands  at  different  periods,  some  of  which  he  still  re- 
tains. Mr.  Bailey  was  married  September  30,  1868,  to  Josephine  Hillier,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  Hillier,  of  Larry's  Creek,  Lycoming  county,  and  has  two  children, 
Sarah  V.  and  Harry  W.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
and  Mr.  Bailey  is  connected  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  societies.  In 
polities,  he  has  been  a  life-long  Eepiibliean,  and  one  of  the  local  leaders  in  his  party. 
He  was  burgess  of  Mansfield  for  several  years;  a  member  of  the  council  for  nine 
years,  and  a  member  of  the  school  board  for  six  years.  For  eighteen  years  he  was  one 
of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  in  which  institution  he 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest.  In  the  autumn  of  1890  he  was  elected  a  county 
commissioner,  and  moved  his  family  to  Wellsboro  the  following  spring.  He  was 
re-elected  in  the  fall  of  1893,  and  served  until  the  close  of  1896.  He  then  purchased 
the  Hotel  Allen,  in  Mansfield,  and  took  charge  of  that  house  in  April,  1897,  of 
which  he  is  now  proprietor. 

EoBEKT  B.  Bailey,  second  son  of  Eoswell  and  Lucinda  (Clark)  Bailey,  was 
bom  January  28,  1808,  in  Tioga  county.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  Charleston 
township.  After  his  marriage  he  purchased  a  farm  of  300  acres  in  Eichmond  town- 
ship, where  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  and  died  October  17, 1884.  Mr. 
Bailey  was  married  three  times.    His  first  wife,  to  whom  he  was  married  February  20, 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1067 


1834,  was  Lucy  Holden,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Holden,  an  early  settler  in  Mansfield. 
To  this  union  were  born  the  following  named  children:  Lydia,  wife  of  George  Hol- 
lands, of  Homerville,  New  York;  Justus  M.,  deceased;  Mary  Augusta,  wife  of 
George  Baker,  of  Eutland;  Charlotte  Lucy  and  Koswell  Burr,  of  Mansfield;  Dallaa 
N.,  deceased,  and  Eliza  May,  wife  of  Alexander  Gaylord,  of  Blossburg.  Mrs.  Bailey 
was  born  December  31, 1813,  and  died  July  13,  1847.  Mr.  Bailey's  second  wife  was 
Sophia  Lewis.  By  this  marriage  there  was  no  issue.  For  his  third  wife  he  married 
Julia  Hagar,  born  May  2,  1830,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sallie  Hagar,  of  Sullivan 
township.  She  bore  him  seven  children,  viz:  Myron  F.,  of  Wellsboro;  Kobert  Wil- 
son, deceased;  Elton  L.,  of  Mansfield;  Wallace  J.,  of  Wellsboro;  Carl  E.,  of  Blkland; 
Frank  W.,  of  Wellsboro,  and  Fred.  D.,  of  Mansfield.  After  Mr.  Bailey's  death  his 
widow  removed  to  Mansfield,  where  she  still  resides.  He  was  a  Eepublican  in  poli- 
tics, and  had  served  as  collector  of  Richmond  township.. 

John  C.  Howe  was  bom  in  Stafford,  Connecticut,  January  15,  1817,  a  son  of 
John  and  Mary  (Davison)  Howe.  On  his  mother's  side,  he  is  descended  from  the 
Cotton  family,  whose  ancestor.  Sir  John  Cotton,  landed  at  Plymouth,  Massachusetts, 
in  1633.  His  grandfathers,  James  Howe  and  Daniel  Davison,  served  in  the  Eevo~ 
lution,  the  latter  under  Gen.  Israel  Putnam,  and  his  great-grandfather,  Daniel 
Davison,  Sr.,  was  in  the  French  and  Indian  War.  Three  uncles.  Col.  Zepheniah 
Williams,  Corp.  Silas  Howe,  and  Joel  Davison,  served  in  the  War  of  1812;  while  his 
brother,  Frederick  Howe,  and  three  nephews,  Samuel  Burdiek  (who  died  at  Ander- 
sonvUle),  Dwight  and  Wesley  Keigwin,  the  last  of  whom  was  a  prisoner  in  Libby, 
all  served  in  the  Rebellion.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  lived  in  Connecticut  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  then  came  to  Greenfield  township,  Lackawanna  county, 
whence  he  removed  to  Mansfield  in  April,  1859.  On  January  39,  1843,  he  married 
Lodemia  Smith,  a  native  of  Greenville,  New  York,  born  June  33, 1833.  She  became 
the  mother  of  six  children,  viz:  Martha,  wife  of  Horry  B.  Shaw,  of  Mansfield; 
Elvira,  deceased  wife  of  William  Gerald;  John  Frank  and  Hezekiah  W.,  of  Mans- 
field; Emma,  a  resident  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  and  Eunice,  wife  of  J.  M.  D.  Powers, 
of  Richmond  township.  Mrs.  Howe  died  March  15,  1873,  and  April  15,  1874,  he 
married  Elizabeth  Van  Deusen.  She  was  bom  at  Palatine  Bridge,  New  York,  April 
22,  1839,  and  is  the  mother  of  one  son.  Van  V.,  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal 
School.  On  November  15,  1861,  Mr.  Howe  enlisted  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred 
and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  received  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  right  hand 
at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks.  He  also  served  in  the  battles  of  Yorktown,  Williamsburg, 
Kingston,  White  Hall  and  Goldsboro,  and  was  honorably  discharged  on  April  1, 
1863.  Mr.  Howe  assisted  in  establishing  the  Mansfield  Classical  Seminary,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  thirty-four  yeaxs.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
building  committtee,  and  advanced  a  large  sum  of  money  to  aid  in  the  construction 
of  the  buildings,  which  liberal  act  came  near  wrecking  him  financially.  Originally  a 
Whig,  he  has  been  a  Republican  since  the  organization  of  that  party.  He  has  served 
as  a  school  director  and  one  term  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Richmond  township.  He 
is  connected  with  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Presbjrter- 
ian  church.  Mrs.  Howe's  great-grandfather,  Gensman,  served  in  the  French  and 
Indian  War,  while  her  grandfather,  Proudy  Van  Deusen,  served  under  General  Put- 
nam in  the  Revolution.    Her  father  had  two  brothers  in  the  War  of  1813,  and  three 


1068  HISTOEY   OF  TIOGA   COUNTY. 

of  her  brothers  served  in  the  Eebellion.  She  is  a  charter  member  of  and  an  active 
worker  in  Mansfield  Post,  No.  6,  W.  K.  C.  Her  brother,  Dr.  George  H.  Van  Deusen, 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  navy,  and  witnessed  the  memorable  conflict 
between  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac,  while  on  board  the  man-of-wax  Sachem,  and  her 
brother,  Gerrett,  was  a  surgeon's  steward  in  the  fleet. 

Eev.  William  DbWitt  Taylok  was  bom  in  Yates  county,  New  York,  Sep- 
tember 24,  1831,  and  was  educated  in  Franklin  Academy,  Prattsburg,  New  York, 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  the  classical  course  in  1859.  He  taught 
school  successfully  for  several  years  and  graduated  at  TJnion  College,  Schenectady, 
New  York.  He  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  as  a 
member  of  the  Genesee  Conference.  In  1863  and  1864  he  was  principal  of  the 
Mansfield  Classical  Seminary.  After  the  school  passed  under  the  control  of  the 
State,  he  resigned  and  resumed  his  ministerial  work,  continuing  in  the  active  duties 
thereof  until  1886,  filling  in  the  meantime  a  number  of  important  appointments. 
For  a  few  years  after  retiring  from  the  ministry,  he  was  engaged  in  the  insurance 
business  in  Binghamton,  New  York.  In  1888  he  purchased  a  farm  of  190  acres, 
near  Canoe  Camp,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  resided  until  his  death, 
January  16, 1892.  Mr.  Taylor  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Hattie  Hayes,  was 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  Hayes,  of  Prattsburg,  New  York,  and  bore  him  one  son,  who  died 
in  1888,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  years.  Mrs.  Taylor  died  in  Binghamton,  New 
York.  On  January  3,  1888,  he  married  Mrs.  Amy  (Davis)  Cottrell,  a  daughter  of 
Capt.  Ezra  and  Betsey  (Walker)  Davis.  She  was  born  in  Mansfield,  Tioga  county, 
and  at  the  time  of  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Taylor  was  the  widow  of  Charles  S.  Cottrell, 
of  McComb,  Illinois,  whom  she  married  on  September  17,  1873.  Mr.  Cottrell 
died  December  4,  1876.  He  was  a  prominent  business  man  of  McComb,  a  director 
in  the  McComb  bank  and  a  leading  and  influential  citizen.  He  left  two  children, 
Charles  S.  and  Clara  D.  Mrs.  Taylor  was  married  to  Joseph  Schusler,  of  Mansfield, 
March  4,  1897. 

Charles  Sullings  Kingsley  was  bom  in  Pittsford,  Vermont,  June  13,  1844, 
a  son  of  Ealph  E.  and  Sarah  (Sullings)  Kingsley,  both  natives  of  Vermont  and 
descendants  of  prominent  New  England  families.  His  father  was  bom  Jmie  9, 1810, 
and  his  mother  in  1815.  In  1847  the  family  came  to  Troy,  Bradford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  Mr.  Kingsley  engaged  in  the  tannery  business  as  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Bowen  &  Kingsley,  with  which  he  was  connected  ten  years.  In  1865  he 
came  to  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  John  W. 
Kohn  tannery.  Three  years  later  he  bought  out  his  partner,  and  was  connected 
with  the  business  up  to  his  death,  December  26,  1893.  His  widow  is  yet  living,  at 
the  ripe  age  of  eighty-one  years.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  children,  viz: 
Francis  E.,  Charles  S.  and  Flora,  all  residents  of  Mansfield.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  Collegiate  Institute,  in  Towanda, 
Pennsylvania.  February  25,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Artillery, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  at  Philadelphia,  November  9,  1865. 
Most  of  the  time  he  was  stationed  at  Fortress  Monroe,  and  the  last  nine  months  of 
his  term  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  adjutant's  office.  Eeturning  to  Mansfield  he  en- 
gaged in  the  tannery  business  with  his  father,  the  firm  being  E.  E.  Kingsley  &  Son 
until  the  fall  of  1868,  when  it  was  changed  to  C.  S.  Kingsley,  its  present  title. 


BIOGKAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1069 


On  September  13,  18T2,  Mr.  Kingsley  married  Jenjaie  Linn  Bailey,  a  daughter  of 
Benjamin  and  Clarissa  (Johnson)  Bailey,  and  has  three  children,  viz:  Harry  B., 
Ealph  E.  and  Kate  S.  In  polities,  Mr.  Kingsley  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled 
the  offices  of  burgess,  councilman,  school  director  and  treasurer  of  the  school  board. 
He  is  a  member  of  General  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  E.,  and  is  one  of  the  well- 
known,  enterprising  citizens  of  Mansfield. 

Levi  Elliott  was  a  native  of  Penobscot,  Maine,  born  in  1791.  He  was  a  son  of 
Nathaniel  and  Nancy  (Armstrong)  Elliott,  who  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1808.  They  located  near  Covington,  and  later  removed  to  Cherry  Flats,  where 
they  passed  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  In  1813  the  subject  of  this  sketch  married 
Amy  Gillett,  also  bom  in  1791,  a  daughter  of  Aaron  Gillett,  who  came  from  Con- 
necticut to  Tioga  county  in  1798,  and  settled  at  Canoe  Camp,  removing  in  1813  to 
Cherry  Flats.  Mr.  Elliott  was  a  farmer,  and  lived  in  Covington  until  1833,  when 
he  moved  into  Charleston  township,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  December 
5,  1866,  aged  seventy-five  years;  his  wife  died  in  1883,  aged  ninety-two  years. 
They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  but  two  are  living,  viz:  Horace 
J.,  and  Nathaniel  A.,  the  former  a  resident  of  Westfield,  and  the  latter  of  Mans- 
field, Tioga  county. 

Nathaniel  A.  Elliott  was  bom  in  Covington  township,  Tioga  county,  Feb- 
ruary 18, 1817,  a  son  of  Levi  Elliott.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  received  such  an 
education  as  the  pioneer  country  schools  afforded.  On  attaining  his,  majority, 
he  purchased  a  farm  of  fifty  acres  at  Cherry  Flats,  to  which  he  added  from  time 
to  time  until  he  owned  400  acres.  In  1866  he  located  in  Mansfield,  which  has  since 
been  his  place  of  residence.  Mr.  Elliott  was  married  September  10,  1838,  to  Anna 
Myra  Hart,  a  daughter  of  Ludwig  Hart.  The  only  child  of  this  union,  Mortimer 
F.,  a  prominent  lawyer,  is  now  the  attorney  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  at  Oil 
City,  though  Wellsboro  is  his  place  of  residence.  Mrs.  Elliott  died  April  3,  1843, 
and  October  10,  1844,  he  married  Charlotte  E.  Harkness,  a  daughter  of  Joel  and 
Ehnina  Harkness.  Five  children  were  bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Francis  and  Ed- 
ward A.,  both  deceased;  George  Frederick,  a  physician  of  Mansfield;  Fannie  E., 
wjfe  of  T.  0.  Whitnall,  of  Syracuse,  New  York,  and  Henry  A.,  deceased.  In  pol- 
itics, Mr.  Elliott  is  an  unwavering  Democrat,  and  for  many  years  has  been  prominent 
in  the  local  councils  of  his  party.  He  served  in  the  state  legislature  in  1848-49; 
was  county  commissioner  from  1876  to  1883,  and  has  also  filled  the  offices  of  justice 
of  the  peace,  assessor  of  the  borough  and  school  director.  President  Cleveland 
appointed  him  postmaster  of  Mansfield  in  1886,  and  he  held  the  office  until  1890. 
In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  is  also  connected  with 
Friendship  Lodge,  No.  347,  F.  &  A.  M.  Colonel  Elliott  is  one  of  the  oldest  living 
citizens  born  in  Tioga  county,  as  well  as  one  of  the  best  informed  concerning  its 
history.  His  long  life  has  been  earnest,  useful  and  unblemished,  and  the  respect 
and  esteem  which  he  enjoys  is  a  well-deserved  tribute  to  his  character.     * 

James  Hoaed,  son  of  Enos  Hoard,  was  bom  March  17,  1810,  in  Stockbridge, 
New  York,  there  grew  to  maturity,  and  January  1,  1840,  married  A-lmira  Bobbins, 
who  was  bom  in  Stockbridge,  Massachusetts,  November  1,  1809.  In  the  fall  of 
1849  the  family  came  to  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  and  settled  five  miles 
west  of  Mansfield,  where  Mr.  Hoard  was  engaged  in  farming  until  1874.     In  that 


1070  HISTOKT   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


year  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  and  died  on  May  2,  1878.  His  wife  died  July  20 
1890.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Fannie  Gertrude,  wife  of 
Wesley  Bailey,  of  Eichmond  township;  Sarah  J.,  and  James  Perry,  both  deceased, 
and  Joseph  Seth,  of  Mansfield.  In  polities,  Mr.  Hoard  was  a  RepubUcan,  and  in 
religion,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  an  earnest,  sincere  man 
whose  upright  life  won  him  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  him. 

Joseph  Seth  Hoaed  was  bom  in  Richmond  township,  Tioga  county,  Novem- 
ber 7,  1852,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  James  and  Almira  Hoard.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  distriftt  in  boyhood,  and  graduated 
from  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  in  1871.  After  his  graduation  he 
taught  one  year,  and  then  took  a  course  in  Eastman's  Business  College,  Pough- 
keepsie.  New  York.  On  November  1,  1872,  he  entered  the  banking  house  of  Ross 
&  Williams,  of  Mansfield,  as  a  book-keeper,  and  remained  iu  that  institution  up  to 
1885,  during  which  period  he  also  had  charge  of  the  insurance  business  carried 
on  in  connection  with  the  bank.  Upon  leaving  the  bank  he  established  the  well- 
known  insurance  agency  with  which  his  name  has  since  been  connected.  Mr. 
Hoard  was  married  June  10, 1875,  to  Sarah  Margaret  Elliott,  a  daughter  of  Orson  V. 
and  Celia  (Kelley)  Elliott,  of  Mansfield,  who  has  borne  him  three  children,  viz: 
Harry  Reed,  Nellie  Margaret  and  Donald  Victor.  In  religion,  Mr.  Hoard  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Repubhcan 
party.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School,  and  has  been  secretary  and  as- 
sistant secretary  of  Smythe  Park  Association  for  several  years.  He  takes  a  deep  ia- 
terest  in  the  cause  of  education,  as  well  as  in  everything  that  assists  in  the  moral 
advancement  of  the  community. 

Maectjs  S.  French,  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  French,  of  Mansfield,  was  born  in 
Corning,  New  York,  August  7,  1847.  His  parents,  Luther  and  Clara  (Shepard) 
French,  natives  of  Otsego  county.  New  York,  reared  five  children,  as  follows:  George 
E.,  a  resident  of  Centre  county,  Pennsylvania;  Adeline,  wife  of  Charles  White,  of 
Caton,  New  York;  Julia,  wife  of  Henry  Wescott,  of  Lindley,  New  York;  Frances, 
wife  of  Alvin  K.  Linderman,  of  Troy,  Pennsylvania,  and  Marcus  S.  In  1854  Mr. 
French  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  eighteen  years,  engaged  in  mining 
and  cattle  dealing.  He  then  returned  to  Steuben  county.  New  York,  where  he  died 
in  June,  1891,  aged  eighty-nine  years,  and  his  wife,  in  September,  1893,  aged  eighty- 
seven  years.  They  were  the  oldest  persons  in  Caton  at  the  time  of  their  death.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm,  later  learned  the  mason's  trade,  and 
became  a  contractor  and  builder.  In  1875  he  came  to  Mansfield,  where  he  followed 
contracting  and  building  up  to  April,  1891,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  Hotel  Allen. 
During  that  period  he  erected  the  several  brick  blocks  which  formed  the  business 
part  of  Mansfield,  the  graded  school  building,  and  did  the  masonry  work  on  Alumni 
Hall,  of  the  State  Normal  School.  He  also  erected  buildings  in  other  parts  of  the 
county,  all  of  which  attest  the  faithful  performance  of  his  contracts.  His  suc- 
cessful management  of  the  Hotel  Allen  made  him  a  popular  landlord,  and  brought 
him  the  liberal  patronage  and  good  will  of  the  traveling  public.  He  conducted  this 
house  until  the  spring  of  1897,  when  he  opened  the  Hotel  French  in  the  same  bor- 
ough. Mr.  French  was  married  on  December  25,  1871,  to  Henrietta  Nares,  daugh- 
ter of  James  and  Caroline  (Lindon)  Nares,  who  has  borne  him  five  children,  viz: 


BIOGEAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1071 


George,  deceased;  Catherine  E.,  wife  of  John  H.  Causer,  of  Elmira;  Stella,  de- 
ceased; Mahel,  and  Mark  J.  In  politics,  Mr.  French  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served 
several  terms  as  school  director.  He  is  a  member  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  347,  F. 
&  A.  M.,  and  the  family  are  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

Nathaniel  Peaseley  Moody  was  bom  in  Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  in  1760. 
His  great-grandfather,  "William  Moody,  came  from  Scotland  in  1632.  At  sixteen 
years  of  age  Nathaniel  P.  entered  the  Continental  army  and  served  through  the  Eevo- 
lution,  at  the  close  of  which  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Great  Harrington,  Massa- 
chusetts, where  he  met  and  married  Susan  Griffin.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College,  in  which  institution  he  completed  his  studies  after  leaving  the  army.  In 
1795  he  came  to  Wysox,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  whence  he  removed  to 
Osceola,  Tioga  county,  where  he  died  in  1833,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Moses  Moody  was  born  in  Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts,  October  5,  1790, 
a  son  of  Nathaniel  Peaseley  Moody,  and  was  five  years  old  when  his  parents  settled 
in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  married  Phoebe  Allen,  who  became  the 
mother  of  twelve  children,  six  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  John  A.,  of  Mans- 
field; N.  N.,  a  merchant  and  postmaster  of  Asylum,  Bradford  county;  H.  M., 
a  physician  of  Smithfield;  William  W.,  of  Litchfield,  Bradford  county;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Albert  Lent,  of  Wysox,  Bradford  county,  and  Amanda,  widow  of  William 
Barnes,  of  Ithaca,  New  York.  Mr.  Moody  died  in  October,  1873,  and  his  wife, 
January  1,  1876. 

John  A.  Moody,  oldest  living  child  of  Moses  Moody,  was  bom  in  Wysox, 
Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  January  11,  1818.  When  he  was  twelve  years  old 
his  parents  removed  to  Eome,  in  the  same  county,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He 
followed  famiing  there  until  1876,  when  he  went  to  Canton  and  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising, also  in  the  insurance  business,  both  of  which  he  followed  until  1884, 
when  he  removed  to  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  and  has  since  devoted  his  entire 
attention  to  the  latter.  Mr.  Moody  was  married  January  3,  1841,  to  Harriet  E., 
a  daughter  of  John  and  Jemima  Dickerson,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Ben- 
jamin, a  physician  of  Mansfield;  Tillie,  wife  of  G.  W.  Mills,  of  Lordsburg,  California, 
and  Lewis,  a  resident  of  Canton,  Bradford  county.  Mrs.  Moody  died  October  16, 
1874,  and  he  married  for  his  second  wife  Jeannette  (Lewis)  Moody,  widow  of  his 
cousin,  Horace  P.  Moody.  In  politics,  Mr.  Moody  is  a  Republican,  and  was  elected  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1892,  which  position  he  now  occupies.  In  religion,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Benjamin  Moody,  M.  D.,  eldest  son  of  John  A.  and  Harriet  Moody,  was  bom 
in  Frenchtown,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  September  28,  1841,  and  there 
received  his  primary  education.  During  the  Eebellion  he  served  in  Company  C, 
Thirty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Emergency  Men,  and  also  in  Company  F,  Eighth 
New  York  Heavy  Artillery.  In  1865  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr. 
T.  F.  Madill,  of  Wysox,  Bradford  county.  He  graduated  from  Geneva  Medical 
College,  at  Geneva,  New  York,  in  1868,  and  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, in  1869,  in  which  year  he  commenced  practice  with  his  preceptor,  at 
Wysox.  From  1870  to  1875  he  practiced  in  Wyalusing,  Bradford  county,  removing 
in  the  latter  year  to  Eoseville,  Tioga  county,  and  in  1877  to  Mansfield,  where  he 
has  since  built  up  a  lucrative  practice.      Dr.  Moody  was  married  September  28, 


1072  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

1871,  to  Adelia  Lyon,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Margaret  Lyon,  of  Spring  Hill, 
Bradford  county.  Four  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Eva  Grace, 
Hattie  Blanche  and  Maggie  Leone,  all  deceased,  and  Dora  H.  In  politics.  Dr.  Moody 
is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  several  years.  In  re- 
ligion, he  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  which  he  has  been 
steward  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  also  connected  with  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48, 
Gr.  A.  K.,  of  which  he  was  commander  in  1883  and  1896.  Dr.  Moody  not  only  bears 
the  reputation  of  being  a  skillful  and  successful  physician,  but  is  regarded  as  one  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  Mansfield. 

W.  W.  Bentlet,  third  son  of  Bethuel  Bentley,  was  bom  in  Eutland  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  December  1,  1827.  His  grandfather,  Major  Bentley, 
came  from  Chemung  county,  New  York,  and  settled  on  the  Tioga  river,  near 
Mitchell's  Creek,  in  April,  1806.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his 
native  township,  and  became  a  farmer  and  well-known  bridge  builder.  He  married 
Sarah  Searls,  a  daughter  of  John  Searls,  and  a  native  of  Tompkins  (now  Schuyler) 
county.  New  York,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  E.  N.,  of  Mansfield;  Helen, 
wife  of  E.  M.  Cass,  of  the  same  borough;  Mary,  wife  of  John  H.  Luckey,  of  Troy, 
Bradford  county;  G.  W.,  a  resident  of  Mansfield,  and  Susan,  wife  of  E.  E.  Long- 
bothum,  of  the  same  place.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bentley  is  a  Eepubliean,  and  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  borough  council  of  Mansfield,  where  he  has  lived  since 
1877.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  A  man 
of  great  energy  and  industry,  he  has  been  largely  interested  in  real  estate  and  build- 
ing enterprises  in  other  places,  in  addition  to  his  bridge  building  operations. 

E.  N.  Bentley,  oldest  son  of  W.  W.  Bentley,  was  bom  in  Eutland  township, 
Tioga  county,  March  1,  1850,  and  obtained  a  common  school  education.  In  early 
manhood  he  became  an  iron-worker,  and  in  1875  entered  the  employ  of  the  Athens 
Bridge  Company,  for  whom  he  traveled  two  years.  He  next  had  charge  of  the 
erection  gang  for  two  years,  and  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Keystone  Bridge 
Company.  While  in  their  employ  as  foreman,  he  built  the  bridge  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  at  Keokuk,  Iowa.  He  afterward  worked  for  Dean  &  Westbrook,  of 
New  York  City,  and  also  for  the  Groton,  New  York,  company,  and  for  the  Elmira 
Bridge  Company.  In  1892  he  commenced  business  for  himself,  as  a  bridge  builder 
and  contractor,  and  the  same  year  built  the  highway  bridge  across  the  Susquehanna 
river,  at  Jersey  Shore,  Lycoming  county.  Since  arriving  at  manhood  he  has  built 
thirty-six  highway  and  several  railroad  bridges  in  Tioga  county.  On  May  15, 1872, 
Mr.  Bentley  married  Lois  Booth,  a  daughter  of  Erastus  Booth,  of  Troy,  Bradford 
county,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Louisa,  wife  of  A.  M.  Armour,  of  Morrisville, 
New  York,  a  nephew  of  Philip  Armour,  the  great  pork-packer  of  Chicago.  Mrs. 
Bentley  died  in  January,  1880,  and  December  17,  1885,  he  married  Elsie  Odell. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Bentley  is  a  Eepubliean.  He  devotes  his  whole  attention  and 
energy  to  bridge  building,  and  is  one  of  the  most  successful  contractors  and  builders 
in  that  line  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 

D.  C.  BuENHAM,  son  of  Halsey  and  Anna  (Knickerbocker)  Bumham,  was 
born  August  3,  1859,  in  Granville,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  his  mother  of  Chemung  county.  New  York.  They 
located  in  Bradford  county  in  the  early  forties,  where  his  father  followed  the  pro- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1073 


fession  of  civil  engineer.  He  died  NoYember  19,  1864,  and  his  wife,  April  7,  1891. 
They  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Mr.  Burnham  was 
connected  with  the  Masonic  order.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  their  onl^  child, 
and  was  reared  in  his  native  county.  He  obtained  a  good  common  school  education, 
and  in  1877  came  to  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  where  he  found  employment  as  a 
clerk  in  Dr.  C.  V.  Elliott's  drug  store.  He  remained  in  that  position  until  1890, 
and  then  embarked  in  business  for  himself,  and  has  since  carried  on  a  drug,  book 
and  stationery  store  in  Mansfield,  and  enjoys  a  good  trade.  On  April  15,  1891,  Mr. 
Burnham  married  Addie  E.  Curtis,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Hannah  Curtis,  of 
Norwich,  New  York.  In  politics,  Mr.  Burnham  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion, 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  also  connected  with  Mans- 
field Lodge,  No.  536, 1.  0.  0.  F.  Though  one  of  the  younger  business  men  of  Mans- 
field, Mr.  Burnham  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people,  and  is  recognized 
as  a  good  business  man  and  an  enterprising  citizen. 

Joseph  Hxtsted  was  bom  in  South  port.  New  York,  December  17,  1820,  a  son 
of  James  and  Catherine  (Miller)  Husted.  His  father  was  born  in  Burlington,  Ver- 
mont, August  3,  1782,  and  settled  at  Southport  at  an  early  day.  In  1838  he  came 
to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  a  farm  in  Covington,  where 
he  resided  for  a  number  of  years.  He  afterward  moved  to  Mansfield,  where  he  died 
November  15,  1865.  Joseph  grew  to  manhood  in  Covington,  and,  August  24, 
1843,  married  Juliet  E.,  a  daughter  of  Everett  "Winter  and  Lydia  (Walker)  Bloss, 
of  Covington,  who  was  bom  at  Blossburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  May  24,  1826.  Her 
father  was  the  oldest  child  of  Aaron  Bloss,  a  native  of  Killingby,  Connecticut,  bom 
May  29,  1775,  who  settled  in  Chenango  county.  New  York,  whence  he  removed  to 
Covington,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1801,  and  in  1802  located  on  the  site 
of  Blossburg,  then  a  wilderness,  which  place  was  named  in  his  honor.  Upon  his 
land  was  found  bituminous  coal,  the  first  mine  being  opened  by  Mr.  Bloss.  He 
died  at  Covington,  March  24,  1843.  His  son,  Everett  "Winter  Bloss,  was  bom  in 
Chenango  county,  New  York,  September  20,  1800,  was  reared  in  Blossburg,  and 
removed  to  Covington  in  early  manhood,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  Septem- 
ber 29,  1882.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Husted  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Cordelia 
L.,  deceased  wife  of  David  S.  Ireland;  Wilmot  D.,  of  Mansfield;  Lyman  S.,  a  resi- 
dent of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  and  Lelia  I.,  wife  of  Burt  Coe,  of  Covington. 
The  parents  are  residents  of  Covington,  and  among  the  oldest  citizens  of  that 
borough. 

Wilmot  D.  Hfsted  was  bom  in  Covington,  Tioga  county,  April  15,  1856.  and 
is  the  eldest  son  of  Joseph  Husted.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the 
State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Covington  Glass  Company,  where  he  acted  as  office  boy  one  year.  He  then 
became  a  clerk  in  the  general  store  of  Edwin  Dyer,  but  in  1874  again  entered  the 
ofiiee  of  the  Covington  Glass  Company.  After  attending  the  State  Normal  School 
until  a  member  of  the  senior  class,  he  taught  school  in  the  factory  district  of  Cov- 
ington. He  next  worked  a  few  months  for  the  Tioga  Eailroad  Company,  and 
then  became  a  book-keeper  for  the  Covington  Glass  Works,  and  a  few  months  later 
manager  for  that  concern.  In  1878  he  came  to  Mansfield  and  entered  the  bank 
of  Boss  &  Williams,  as  book-keeper,  which  position  he  filled  with  slight  interruption 


3^074  HISTOST    OP   TIOGA    COUNTY. 


until  1887,  when  he  was  promoted  to  head  book-keeper,  a  position  he  still  occupies. 
Mr.  Husted  was  married  January  20,  1876,  to  Kate  Johnson,  of  Covington,  Penn- 
sylvania. Five  children  have  been  born  to  them,  viz:  Kay,  Hajry  Lee,  deceased; 
Marcus  F.,  Leah  Margaret  and  Genavene  Louise.  In  politics,  Mr.  Husted  is  a 
Eepublican,  and  has  served  one  term  as  burgess  of  Mansfield  and  two  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  school  board.  He  is  a  member  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  347,  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  a  charter  member  of  the  Mansfield  Hook  and  Ladder  Company.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  board  of  trade,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  promoting 
the  general  welfare  of  the  borough. 

John  Habmanus  Yeddeh,  son  of  TJri  and  Agnes  Ellen  Grieves  (Joyce)  Ted- 
der, was  bom  in  ITiskayuna,  New  York,  September  2,  1830,  the  sixth  in  the  line 
of  descent  from  Harmon  Albertse  Vedder,  a  native  of  Holland,  who  was  a  trader 
at  Beverwyck,  New  York,  prior  to  1657,  and  later  settled  at  Schenectady.  In  1663, 
when  Schenectady  was  first  laid  out,  he  became  one  of  its  landed  proprietors.  The 
line  of  descent  runs  as  follows:  Harmon  Albertse;  Albert,  born  May  10,  1671; 
Harmanus,  bom  September  3,  1704;  Johannes,  bom  September  9,  1750;  Uri, 
bom  April  13,  1808,  and  John  Harmanus.  Albert  was  captured  by  the  French 
and  Indians  at  the  buming  of  Schenectady  in  1690,  but  returned  to  his  home  in 
safety.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  at  Duanesburgh,  New  York,  October 
3,  1853,  to  Catherine  Elizabeth  McFarlan,  to^  which  union  were  bom  three  children, 
viz:  Darey  Alexander,  bom  July  36,  1854,  and  died  March  9,  1855;  Wentworth 
Darcy,  of  Mansfield,  and  Mary  Isabella,  a  resident  of  Troy,  New  York.  A  few 
years  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Vedder  removed  to  Oxford,  Wisconsin,  where  he  lived 
about  one  year.  About  1859  he  returned  to  New  York  state  and  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Schenectady,  where  he  died  June  3, 1877.  His  wife  died  in  the  same  place, 
July  19,  1861. 

Wentwoeth  D.  Veddee,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Oxford,  Wisconsin,  April  7,  1858, 
and  is  the  only  living  son  of  John  H.  and  Catherine  E.  Vedder.  When  he  was  about 
a  year  old  his  parents  removed  to  Schenectady.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Union  College,  attending  the  latter  institution  from  1875  to  1877. 
At  the  death  of  his  father  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Livingston  EUwood,  of 
Schenectady,  and  subsequently  took  a  course  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  Maryland,  graduating  in  March,  1880,  Prof.  Oscar  J.  Coskery  being 
his  preceptor.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Troupsburg,  New  York,  the 
same  year,  whence  he  removed  to  Mansfield  three  months  later,  where  he  has  since 
continued  in  the  active  duties  of  his  professsion.  Dr.  Vedder  has  recently  taken 
a  post-gi'aduate  course  in  the  New  York  Post-Graduate  Medical  School  and  Hos- 
pital; is  a  diligent  student;  keeps  well  abreast  of  the  progress  in  medical  and  surgical 
science,  and  is  recognized  as  a  successful  and  skillful  physician  and  surgeon.  On 
January  6,  1885,  he  married  Kate  Baldwin,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Aaron  and  Fannie 
Baldwin,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  who  died  April  36,  following.  On  September  13, 
1894,  he  married  Cora  Mahala  Strait,  a  daughter  of  M.  Sanford  and  Ehoda  F. 
Strait,  of  Lawrence  township,  to  which  union  has  been  bom  one  son,  Sanford 
Elihu,  August  19,  1895.  In  politics.  Dr.  Vedder  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion, 
a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He  is  one  of  the  most  advanced 
Masons  in  this  section  of  the  State,  being  Past  Master  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No. 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKBTCHES.  1075 


247,  of  Mansfield;  Past  High  Priest  of  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  265,  of  Westfield; 
Eminent  Commander  of  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  No.  28,  of  Wellsboro;  a  mem- 
ber of  Caldwell  Consistory,  of  Bloomsburg,  and  of  Rajah  Temple,  A.  A.  0.  N.  M.  S., 
of  Reading.  He  is  also  Past  Noble  Grand  of  Mansfield  LK)dge,  No.  536, 1.  0.  0.  F., 
and  Past  Chief  Patriarch  of  Sylvania  Encampment.  Dr.  Vedder  is  an  ex-president 
of  the  old  Tioga  County  Medical  Society,  as  well  as  of  the  present  medical  society. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  also  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Medical  Society.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  pension  board  of  Tioga  county, 
appointed  in  1888,  and  is  one  of  the  present  consulting  surgeons  of  the  Cottage 
State  Hospital,  at  Blossburg.  Dr.  Vedder  is  a  member  of  the  Holland  Society  of 
New  York  City,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  Holland  Dutch  Bible  that  has  been  in  the 
Vedder  family  since  1681.  The  Doctor  is  actively  interested  in  the  cause  of  edu- 
cation and  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mans- 
field. 

Cephas  Bailey  was  born  in  Andover,  Vermont,  May  16,  1806,  there  grew 
to  manhood  and  married  Caroline  M.  Wright,  a  native  of  South  Londonderry, 
Vermont,  who  became  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Romanzo  C,  a  resi- 
dent of  Elmira;  Harrison  C,  of  Mansfield;  Victoria  C,  wife  of  Oseaj  Simonds,  of 
Middlebury;  Joseph  0.  W.,  deceased;  Nancy  A.,  wife  of  Horace  L.  Stevens,  and 
two  that  died  in  early  youth.  They  had  also  an  adopted  son,  Henry  C,  now  de- 
ceased. Romanzo  C.  served  in  Company  F,  Sixth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  whose 
march  through  Baltimore  was  one  of  the  memorable  events  of  the  first  month  of  the 
Rebellion.  He  also  served  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  as  captain  of  Company  A,  Eighth  United  States  Colored 
Troops,  and  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  E,  Thirty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Militia. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  farmer  and  came  to  Middlebury  township,  Tioga 
county,  in  1856.  After  retiring  from  active  work,  he  made  his  home  with  his  son, 
Haxrison  C,  in  Mansfield,  where  he  died  December  23, 1884.  His  wife  died  August 
1,  1878. 

Haeeison  C.  Bailey  was  born  ia  Athens,  Vermont,  October  4,  1837,  a  son  of 
Cephas  Bailey,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  county', 
ia  1856.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm.  On 
April  21,  1861,  within  a  week  of  the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
G,  First  Pennsylvania  Rifles,  known  as  Bucktails.  His  regiment  was  assigned  to 
McCall's  Division,  of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps.  '  On  June  6,  1862,  at  the  battle  of 
Harrisonburgh,  West  Virginia,  he  was  wounded  four  times,  one  of  which  necessitated 
the  amputation  of  his  left  arm.  Being  thus  incapacitated  for  further  service,  he 
remained  in  the  hospitals  at  Mt.  Jackson  and  Winchester,  Virginia,  and  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  until  convalescent,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Harrisburg,  July 
21,  1862.  Returning  to  Tioga  county,  he  served  as  enrolling  officer  in  Middlebury 
in  1862  and  1863,  and  as  second  quartermaster  of  the  Eighteenth  Congressional  dis- 
trict, at  Williamsport,  in  1864-65.  His  grandfathers,  Cyrus  Bailey  and  Joseph 
Wright,  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  his  great-grandfather,  Sylvester  Bailey, 
served  in  the  Revolution.  Mr.  Bailey  was  married  October  19,  1863,  to  Minerva 
L.  Stoddard,  a  daughter  of  George  G.  and  Louisa  (Jackson)  Stoddard.  She  was 
bom  in  Swansea,  Vermont,  November  11,  1839,  and  is  the  mother  of  six  children, 


1076  HISTOET    OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

viz:  Prank  H.,  a  civil  engineer,  Elmira,  New  York;  Eula  I.,  wife  of  Frank  A. 
Beach,  of  Elmira;  May  H.,  wife  of  L.  A.  Trowbridge,  of  Jackson  township;  Earl 
C,  Joseph  0.  W.  and  Ealph  J.  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  was  treasurer 
of  Tioga  county  in  1868-69,  and  has  also  served  as  constable  of  Middlebnry  town- 
ship, and  a&  a  member  of  the  borough  council  of  Mansiield,  where  he  has  lived  since 
1877.  He  is  a  member  of  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  E.,  in  which  he  has  filled 
the  office  of  commander,  while  his  wife  is  connected  with  Mansfield  Corps,  No. 
6,  W.  E.  C. 

Isaac  Steait  was  bom  in  Vermont,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Columbia 
township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1813,  and  there  grew  to  maturity. 
About  1830  he  removed  to  Potter  county,  and  became  its  first  prothonotary.  In 
1841-42  he  returned  to  Bradford  county,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1874. 
Mr.  Strait  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Maria  Benson,  a  daughter  of 
Doctor  Benson,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Cornelia  Sophia,  wife  of 
Edmund  Case,  a  resident  of  Bradford  county;  William  B.,  who  died  in  early  man- 
hood; George  Prance,  who  died  in  Minnesota,  in  1888;  Charles  L.,  and  Edward  E., 
a  resident  of  Topeka,  Kansas.  His  second  wife  was  Elizabeth  Ayres,  a  daughter 
of  Abijah  Ayres,  who  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Churchill  B.,  deceased;  Maria, 
wife  of  Edward  Eeddington,  of  Bradford  county;  Lois  L.,  wife  of  Nelson  Maynard, 
a  resident  of  the  same  county,  and  Mary,  wife  of  William  Bradford,  who  lives  near 
Sylvania. 

Chaeles  L.  Steait,  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Maria  Strait,  was  bom  in  Coudersport, 
Potter  county,  September  30,  1835.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  clerking 
in  the  store  of  A.  D.  Austin,  of  Austinville,  Bradford  county.  In  1859  he  came 
to  Eoseville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  carried  on  a  general  store  for  about  twenty 
years.  Coming  to  Mansfield  in  1879,  he  became  a  member  of  the  hardware  firm 
of  Strait  &  Kohler,  with  which  he  was  connected  up  to  1886,  when  he  went  to 
Carter  county,  Tennessee,  and  engaged  in  lumbering,  his  family,  however,  remaining 
in  Mansfield.  In  1890  he  returned  to  Mansfield,  where  he  has  since  lived.  Al- 
though not  actively  engaged  in  business,  he  is  interested  in  the  hardware  store  con- 
ducted by  his  son,  George  L.  Mr.  Strait  was  married  September  10,  1860,  to 
Cordelia  M.  Watkins,  a  daughter  of  W.  B.  Watkins,  of  Bradford  county,  who  has 
borne  him  four  children,  viz:  George  L.,  Thad  B.,  Edith  M.,  wife  of  Thomas  D. 
Farrer,  of  Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  Fred  W.  Mr.  Strait  is  a  member  of  the  Universalist 
church,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party,  his  first  presidential 
vote  being  cast  for  Abraham  Lincoln. 

Geoege  L.  Steait,  eldest  son  of  Charles  Ij.  Strait,  and  grandson  of  Isaac  Strait, 
was  born  in  Austinville,  Bradford  county,  December  3,  1865.  He  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education,  and  became  familiar  with  the  practical  details  of  business 
while  clerking  in  his  fathers  store.  On  October  24,  1888,  he  mairied  Anna  E. 
Westbrook,  a  daughter  of  J.  H.  Westbrook,  and  has  two  children,  Walter  C.  and 
Blanche.  Mr.  Strait  is  the  head  of  the  hardware  and  tinsmithing  house  of  George 
L.  Strait,  of  Mansfield,  and  is  noted  for  his  energy  and  enterprise.  In  politics,  a 
Eepublican,  he  has  served  as  a  member  of-  the  borough  council.  He  is  also  connected 
with  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  247,  P.  &  A.  M. 

Levi  Hubbaed  Shattuck  was  born  at  Fayston,- Vermont,  September  1,  1816, 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1077 


a,  son  of  Henry  and  Olive  P.  (Turner)  Shattuek,  natives  of  Massachusetts.  He  was 
but  two  years  old  when  his  parents  located  in  Massachusetts,  where  he  received  his 
primary  education  in  the  common  schools,  later  supplemented  by  terms  at  Deer- 
field,  Hopkins  and  Amherst  Academies.  In  the  meantime  he  taught  school  a  part 
of  two  years.  In  1836  he  removed  to  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  and  .three  years 
later  to  Plainfield,  where  he  found  employment  as  a  locomotive  fireman  on  the 
Elizabethtown  and  Somerville  railroad,  now  the  New  Jersey  Central.  Within  three 
months  he  becaxae  an  engineer  on  the  same  road,  and  later  took  the  position  of 
station  agent  and  contractor  at  Bound  Brook,  and  followed  the  same  business  at 
Somerville,  spending  two  years  in  this  line  of  work.  For  the  succeeding  nine  years 
he  filled  the  position  of  conductor,  three  years  on  freight  and  six  years  on  passenger 
trains.  On  the  completion  of  the  road  to  Easton,  in  July,  1853,  Mr.  Shattuek  was 
appointed  station  agent  at  that  place,  which  position  he  filled  until  November  fol- 
lowing, when  he  was  tendered  that  of  superintendent  of  the  Corning,  Blossburg  and 
Tioga  railroad.  He  accepted  the  office  and  made  his  headquarters  at  Corning,  New 
York,  for  nearly  fifteen  years.  In  1866  he  removed  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  county, 
where  he  continued  acting  as  superintendent  of  the  Tioga  road.  That  part  of  the 
road  from  Tioga  Junction  to  Elmira  was  built  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Shat- 
tuek, as  was  also  the  section  extending  from  Amot  to  Hoytville,  of  which  he  was 
president.  On  December  1,  1883,  he  resigned  the  superintendency  of  the  Tioga 
road  for  the  purpose  of  recuperating  his  failing  health,  and  retired  to  Mansfield  in 
October,  1884.  In  a  letter  announcing  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Shattuek,  J.  C, 
Guthrie,  vice-president  of  the  road,  said: 

For  thirty-one  years — with  zeal,  energy  and  honesty,  through  changes  of  ownership  and 
administration — Mr.  Shattuek  has  faithfully  served  the  interests  of  the  company,  and 
in  retiring  hears  with  him  its  hest  wishes  for  his  health  and  prosperity. 

On  December  16,  1884,  he- was  again  elected  to  his  former  position  and  resumed 
the  duties  of  superintendent,  but  finally  gave  up  the  office  towards  the  .close  of 
1885.  Eetiring  to  his  home  in  Mansfield  he  resided  there  up  to  his  death,  November 
1,  1888,  aged  seventy-two  years.  In  1841  Mr.  Shattuek  married  Sarah  L.  Pack, 
and  reared  a  family  of  five  children,  all  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Mrs.  William  F. 
Fox,  of  Albany,  New  York;  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Verrill,  of  Franklin,  New  York; 
Henry  P.,  a  resident  of  Buffalo;  Mrs.  Charles  L.  Shattuek,  of  Elmira,  and  Alfred 
J.,  a  lawyer  of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Shattuek  was  originally  a  Presbyterian,  but  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  after  his  marriage.  He  always  took  a  prominent  part  in 
church  work,  as  teacher  of  an  adult  Bible  class,  and  was  a  deacon  in  the  Mansfield 
church  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  character,  strict  integrity, 
and  love  of  truth.  Possessing  excellent  business  methods,  whatever  his  hands 
found  to  do  he  did  with  all  his  energy,  and  his  success  in  life  was  principally  due  to 
his  industry  and  faithfulness  in  the  discharge  of  every  duty.  Upright  and  hon- 
orable in  all  his  dealings  with  the  men  under  his  charge,  he  merited  and  won  the 
confidence  of  the  company  and  their  employes. 

Ebee  VakKeueen,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Showangunk,  Ulster  county.  New 
York,  January  35,  1831.  He  studied  medicine  and  became  a  physician  of  the 
regular  school,  and  for  over  forty  yeaxs  practiced  in  Hammondsport,  Bath,  Coming 


1078  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA   COUNTY. 

aoad  Painted  Post,  ^ew  York.  On  November  20,  1846,  he  married  Sarah  H. 
Baker,  a  d^cendant  of  Samuel  Baker,  the  first  settler  of  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. She  was  bom  in  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York,  October  7,  1823,  and  be- 
came the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Prank,  who  died  in  childhood;  Nellie 
B.,  wife  of  Samuel  J.  McCuUoch,  an  attorney  of  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  and  a  son 
of  Eev.  Samuel  J.  McCulloch,  the  first  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Tioga, 
and  Frank  B.,  editor  of  the  Mansfield  Advertiser.  Dr.  VanKeuren  died  in  Com- 
ing, New  York,  April  7,  1887,  and  his  wife,  December  3,  1886. 

Fkank  E.  VanKeuren,  son  of  Dr.  Eber  VanKeuren,  was  bom  in  Ham- 
mondsport.  New  York,  October  26,  1861.  He  received  a  common  school  education 
and  learned  the  printing  trade  in  the  ofiice  of  the  Steuben  Courier,  Bath,  New  York, 
where  he  worked  four  and  a  half  years.  He  then  found  employment  in  the  job 
department  of  the  Elmira  Advertiser,  Elmira,  New  York,  and  was  afterwards  fore- 
man of  the  same  office.  Eetuming  to  Bath,  he  worked  there  for  a  time,  and  then 
went  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  mechanical  depart- 
ment of  the  Advocate.  In  the  spring  of  1885  he  came  to  Mansfield  and  purchased 
the  Advertiser  from  W.  A.  Kowland.  In  July  following  Sheridan  E.  Coles  became 
his  partner,  and  the  paper  has  since  been  published  by  VanKeuren  &  Coles.  The 
Advertiser  is  neutral  in  politics,  and  is  devoted  to  the  local  interests  of  Mansfield 
and  the  eastern  portion  of  the  county.  It  is  ably  edited,  its  local  columns  readable 
and  interesting,  and  it  receives  a  liberal  support.  Mr.  VanKeuren  is  well  known 
as  a  practical  printer,  and  in  the  spring  of  1896  he  received  the  appointment  as 
instructor  of  the  art  of  printing  in  the  New  York  Trade  School.  On  September 
6,  1888,  Mr.  VanKeuren  married  Catherine  E.  VanNess,  a  daughter  of  P.  V.  and 
Celia  (Eeynolds)  VanNess,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  two  children,  Ealph 
H.  and  Helen.  In  politics,  Mr.  VanKeuren  is  a  Eepublicaa,  and  has  served  as 
burgess  of  Mansfield.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  and  is  Past  Master  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  247,  F.  &  A.  M. 

Sheeidan  E.  Coles  was  bom  in  Elmira,  New  York,  June  14,  1854,  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Sarah  J.  (Ferry)  Coles.  His  father  is  a  native  of  England,  and  his 
mother  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  They  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  viz: 
Stella,  wife  of  L.  L.  Flower,  of  Lamb's  Creek;  Sheridan  E.,  of  Mansfield;  Arthur 
and  Samuel,  both  of  whom  are  in  the  marble  business  in  St.  Loids,  Missouri;  Mary, 
wife  of  J.  0.  Spelman,  of  Eochester,  New  York,  and  William,  with  Eogers,  Peet 
&  Company,  of  New  York.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  two  years  old  when  his 
parents  removed  from  Elmira  to  Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  where  they  remained 
until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age.  He  leamed  the  printing  trade  in  the  offices  of 
the  Titusville  Courier  and  Oil  City  Derrick,  afterwards  worked  in  Elmira,  and  for 
a  time  in  the  state  printing  office,  Topeka,  Kansas.  In  December,  1882,  he  came 
to  Mansfield,  and  worked  in  the  office  of  the  Advertiser  until  July,  1885,  when  he 
became  a  partner  of  Prank  E.  VanKeuren,  under  the  firm  name  of  VanKeuren 
&  Coles,  who  have  since  owned  and  published  the  paper.  On  March  23,  1881,  Mr. 
Coles  married  Nora  A.  Stacey,  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  M.  A.  Stacey,  of  Leona,  Bradford 
county,  who  has  home  him  four  children,  viz:  Edwin  S.,  Percy  A.,  Inez  M.  and  Lora 
Aline.  In  politics,  Mr.  Coles  is  a  Eepublican.  He  is  a  member  of  Friendship 
Lodge,  No.  247,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Mansfield  Lodge,  No.  526, 1.  0.  0.  F. 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1079 


Joseph  Schtjslek  was  born  in  Delmar  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
May  27,  1839,  a  son  of  Frederick  and  Sarah  (Sofield)  Schusler.  His  father  was 
a  native  of  Germany  and  his  mother  of  New  Jersey.  The  former  was  bom  August 
1, 1801,  came  to  America  in  1819  and  worked  in  a  sugar  house  in  New  York  City 
for  many  years.  He  then  removed  to  Beaver  Dam,  New  York,  where  he  farmed 
until  about  the  year  1836,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county.  Here  he  still  continued 
to  follow  agriculture.  He  died  in  Mansiield,  February  11,  1890.  His  wife  was 
bom  in  1804,  and  died  April  14,  1893.  By  a  former  marriage,  he  was  the  father 
of  one  son,  Frederick,  who  now  resides  near  Wellsboro.  Six  children  were  bom 
of  his  second  marriage,  viz:  Susan,  Julia,  Joseph,  Sarah,  Ella  and  Alice.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Tioga  county,  and  in  early  manhood  engaged 
in  railroading,  first  as  fireman  for  two  years  and  subsequently  as  engineer  for  six- 
teen years  on  the  Tioga  railroad.  He  then  settled  on  a  farm  in  Kichmond  town- 
ship, where  he  lived  ten  years,  when  he  traded  it  for  property  in  Mansfield,  which 
has  since  been  his  home.  Mr.  Schusler  also  owns  a  farm  of  forty  acres  near  that 
borough.  On  March  4,  1897,  he  married  Mrs.  Amy  D.  Taylor,  of  Mansfield.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  borough  council  four 
years.  He  is  connected  with  the  Masonic  order,  and  in  all  the  relations  of  life  is 
an  exemplary  citizen. 

James  Aegetsingee,  a  native  of  Montgomery  county,  New  York,  was  bom 
December  27,  1798.  His  wife,  Catherine  Winnie,  a  native  of  the  same  county,  was 
bom  September  4,  1798,  and  became  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Hugh, 
a  resident  of  Mansfield;  Philip,  deceased,  who  was  born  November  25,  1824;  Sarah 
M.,  deceased,  bom  November  15,  1826;  J.  G.,  a  resident  of  Mansfield,  bom  May 
3,  1828;  Hannah,  bom  May  16,  1831;  Jane  M.,  deceased,  bom  July  29,  1834,  and 
Frank  W.,  bom  October  18,  1836.  Mr.  Argetsinger  came  to  Eutland  township, 
Tioga  county,  about  1838,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died 
November  8, 1875,  and  his  wife,  September  19,  1883. 

Hugh  Aegetsingee  was  bom  in  Montgomery  county.  New  York,  January  6, 
1823,  and  is  the  eldest  child  of  James  Argetsinger.  He  was  about  fifteen  years 
old  when  his  parents  located  in  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  grew 
to  manhood  on  the  homestead  farm.  In  March,  1862,  he  married  Sarah  Baker, 
a  daughter  of  Holland  Baker,  of  Eutland  township,  who  bore  him  one  daughter, 
Nora,  deceased  -wife  of  Frank  Burdick.  He  married  for  his  second  wife,  Blmina 
Prutsman,  who  died  in  March,  1871.  On  January  14,  1873,  he  married  Helen 
Prutsman,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  two  children,  Charles  L.  and  Eoy  J. 
Mr.  Argetsinger  resided  on  his  farm  of  150  acres,  near  Eoseville,  in  Eutland  town- 
ship, up  to  the  spring  of  1881,  when  he  removed  to  Eoseville,  where  he  resided  nine 
years.  He  then  became  a  resident  of  Mansfield  for  the  purpose  of  educating  his 
children.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  an 
adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party. 

Vabdis  Shaw  was  bom  in  Plainfield,  Massachusetts,  in  1799,  a  son  of  Joshua 
and  Sarah  (Hawes)  Shaw,  who  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1811.  They  settled  at 
Lamb's  Creek,  where  Vardis  gi-ew  to  manhood.  He  married  Eleanor  Clark,  a  sister 
of  Justus  B.  Clark,  and  soon  after  moved  into  Sullivan  township.  He  returned 
to  the  old  homestead  in  1838,  where  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  were  passed. 


1080  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

He  died  March  24,  1863,  and  his  wife,  April  23,  1859.  They  were  the  parents  of 
the  following  named  children:  Julia,  Cynthia  and  Andrew,  all  deceased;  Christina, 
who  married  Austin  Bell,  and  after  his  death  David  Hart,  now  also  deceased;  David 
Porter,  deceased;  Maria,  wife  of  William  Althouse,  of  Oregon,  Ilhnois;  William 
M.,  and  Daniel,  the  last  deceased. 

William  M.  Shaw,  a  son  of  Vardis  Shaw,  was  born  in  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  January  8,  1834,  and  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead  at  Lamb's 
Creek.  In  1856  he  went  to  Illinois  and  in  1857  to  Doniphan  county,  Kansas,  where 
he  became  a  member  of  James  Lane's  Free  State  army.  He  subsequently  lived  in 
!Nemaha  county.  In  1861  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  and  in  October  of  that 
year  enlisted  in  the  quartermaster's  department  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in 
which  he  served  two  years  and  seven  months.  On  March  16,  1865,  he  married 
Emma  Wells,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Eliza  Wells,  who  bore  him  eight  children, 
as  follows:  Benton,  deceased;  Delia,  wife  of  Jesse  Garrison,  of  Job's  Corners; 
Blanche,  wife  of  Howard  Lewis,  of  Richmond  township;  Wells,  Alfred,  Nellie, 
William  and  Edna.  After  his  marriage,  Mr.  Shaw  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
Richmond  township,  where  he  owns  a  well-improved  property  of  180  acres.  In 
politics,  he  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  supervisor  of  Richmond  for 
ten  years.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Mansfield  Grange,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
farmers  of  the  township. 

Peteh  Whittekeb  was  bom  in  Canada,  April  14,  1796.  During  the  War  of 
1812,  his  father  was  drafted  into  the  British  service.  Peter  went  as  his  substitute, 
but  not  liking  to  fight  against  the  United  States,  he  deserted  and  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Schoharie  county.  New  York.  There  he  met  and  married  Ruth  Lowns- 
bery,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Lownsbery,  October  13,  1816.  She  was  born  April  3, 
1799.  In  1818  Mr.  Whitteker,  his  young  wife  and  her  father  came  to  Tioga  county 
and  located  at  Canoe  Camp.  A  few  years  later  he  removed  about  two  miles  south- 
east of  his  first  location,  on  Canoe  Camp  creek,  which  has  since  been  the  family 
homestead.  Here  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1877.  To  Peter  and  Ruth  Whit- 
teker were  bom  the  following  children:  Catherine,  deceased  wife  of  S.  L.  Barber; 
Seth,  of  Richmond  township;  Plyna,  who  died  March  26,  1895;  Ari,  deceased;  Ma- 
tilda, wife  of  Russell  Gillet,  of  Mansfield;  Anna  Maria,  deceased  wife  of  Samuel 
Goodall;  Mrs.  Susan  Eaton,  of  Michigan;  Barney,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead; 
Lydia  Jane,  widow  of  James  Cudworth;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  E.  W.  Phelps;  Olive, 
deceased;  Nancy  Margaret,  wife  of  Morris  Gillet,  of  Steuben  county,  New  York; 
Albert  Melville,  a  resident  of  Thayer,  Kansas,  and  Amanda  Melvina,  wife  of  Alex- 
ander Mott,  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon. 

Seth  Whittekee,  eldest  son  of  Peter  Whitteker,  was  bom  in  Canoe  Camp, 
Tioga  county,  October  25, 1818.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Richmond 
township,  and  attended  the  common  schools  in  boyhood.  On  August  26,  1840,  he 
married  Ruhamah  Robinson,  a  daughter  of  Erastus  and  Ruhamah  Robinson,  natives 
of  Rutland  county,  Vermont.  Eleven  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage,  as 
follows:  Sarah,  Catherine,  wife^  of  Walter  Phelps,  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon;  Rosalia, 
and  Candaee,  both  deceased;  Helena,  deceased  wife  of  Watson  Phelps;  Almeron, 
James,  a  resident  of  Richmond  township;  Anna,  wife  of  Edward  Thomas,  of  Amboy, 
Washington;  Nelson,  Celia,  who  resides  near  Amboy,  and  Lincoln,  who  lives  near 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1081 


his  father.  In  politics,  Mr.  Whitteker  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  supervisor 
two  terms,  as  school  director  eleven  years  and  as  auditor  several  terms.  He  has  lived 
on  his  present  farm  nearly  forty  years.  It  was  a  part  of  the  Bingham  estate,  and 
originally  comprised  sixty-one  acres,  which  he  has  added  to  by  purchase  until  he 
now  owns  over  300  acres.  Mr.  Whitteker  is  one  of  the  oldest  living  persons  bom 
in  the  township,  as  well  as  one  of  its  most  substantial  and  respected  citizens. 

Michael  Fealic  was  born  in  Unadilla,  New  York,  August  18,  1802.  He  was 
a  millwright,  and  also  followed  rafting.  In  1831  he  came  to  Tioga  county  to  erect 
a  saw-mill  for  Daniel  Sherwood  and  his  sons  on  the  Tioga  river,  one-half  mile  below 
Lamb's  Creek  bridge.  He  followed  lumbering  for  several  years  and  then  purchased 
200  acres  of  land  two  miles  up  Lamb's  creek,  which  he  cleared  for  the  timber.  He 
lived  on  this  tract  up  to  1853,  when  he  removed  to  Lamb's  Creek.  About  1858  he 
bought  the  old  Gad  Lamb  water-power  saw-mill  of  Hoard  &  Beach,  and  followed 
the  manufacture  of  lumber  until  about  1860.  He  then  retired  from  business,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  sons,  Daniel  L.  and  M.  H.,  in  1866,  who  have  since  carried 
on  the  enterprise  under  the  firm  name  of  Fralic  Brothers.  Mr.  Fralic  married  An- 
geline  Lamb,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Lamb,  son  of  the  pioneer.  Gad  Lamb,  to  which 
union  were  bom  the  following  children:  Jerusha  L.  and  Eachel,  both  deceased; 
Daniel  L.,  a  member  of  the  lumber  firm  of  Fralic  &  Flower,  Coming,  New  York, 
and  of  Fralic  Brothers,  Lamb's  Creek,  and  M.  H.,  a  resident  of  the  latter  place. 
Mrs.  Fralic  died  in  August,  1877,  and  her  husband,  December  34, 1885,  aged  eighty- 
three  years. 

M.  H.  Fkalic,  youngest  child  of  Michael  Fralic,  was  bom  in  Eichmond  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  September  16,  1844,  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  Wilson  Day 
farm,  in  Lamb's  Creek  valley.  From  his  youth  up  to  the  present  he  has  been  engaged 
in  lumbering.  The  old  mill  being  damaged  by  water  in  1869,  they  built  a  new  one 
in  1870,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  substituting  steam  for  water  power.  Its 
daily  capacity  is  10,000  feet  and  the  product  consists  of  lumber,  lath,  flooring,  siding, 
etc.  Mr.  Fralic  was  married  December  16,  1869,  to  Maria  J.  Doane,  a  daughter  of 
Julius  and  Julia  Doane,  of  Covington,  Tioga  county,  who  bore  him  four  children, 
viz:  WiUard  E.,  who  is  setter  in  the  mill  of  Fralic  &  Flower,  of  Coming;  Walter  E., 
George  D.  and  Harry  B.  Mrs.  Fralic  died  in  August,  1889,  and  he  was  again  mar- 
ried July  16, 1894,  to  Sarah  Elizabeth  Perry,  widow  of  William  Perry.  During  the 
Eebellion,  Mr.  Frahc  enlisted  twice.  He  served  six  weeks  in  Company  K,  Thirty- 
fifth  Emergency  Men,  and  in  the  fall  of  1864  again  enlisted,  in  Company  K,  Two 
Hundred  and  Tenth  Pennsylvaaiia  Volunteers.  He  served  in  the  battles  of  Hatcher's 
Eun,  Weldon  Eailroad  and  Appomattox.  Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has 
served  several  terms  as  treasurer  of  Eichmond  township.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Lamb's  Creek,  and  also  of  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48, 
G.  A.  E.,  of  Mansfield. 

Welcome  Jaquish  was  the  eldest  child  of  Joseph  and  Clarissa  M.  (Eeynolds) 
Jaquish,  and  was  born  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  May  23,  1816.  In  June, 
1838,  the  family  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  in  Covington 
township,  on  the  farm  where  Charles  Jaquish  now  lives.  Welcome  was  then  twelve 
years  old,  and  he  assisted  his  parents  in  clearing  up  the  homestead,  on  which  he 
grew  to  maturity,  and  subsequently  removed  to  the  Cleveland  settlement,  in  Sullivan 


1082  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

township.  On  May  9,  1841,  he  married  Eoxina  Cleveland,  a  daughter  of  Aaron 
and  Betsey  Cleveland,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  in  1847  they  settled  on  the  farm 
in  the  southeastern  part  of  Eiehmond  township,  on  which  their  son,  E.  W.,  now  lives. 
They  became  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Avery  W.,  deceased;  Horace  A., 
E.  W.,  of  Eiehmond;  Permelia  E.,  widow  of  James  S.  Jeliff;  Clarissa  M.,  who  died 
January  13,  1883;  Ada  A.,  who  died  May  8,  1867;  Elias,  who  died  in  June,  1886; 
Ira  M.,  who  died  March  5,  1858;  Ira  E.,  who  died  in  infancy;  Floyd  D.,  a  resident 
of  Sullivan  township;  Irene,  who  died  January  3,  1863,  and  Emma  E.,  who  died 
September  10,  1864.  Mr.  Jaquish  died  upon  the  homestead  farm  in  1884,  in  the 
sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

E.  W.  Jaquish,  a  son  of  "Welcome  and  Eoxina  Jaquish,  was  bom  on  the  home- 
stead in  Eiehmond  township,  Tioga  county,  June  13,  1847,  and  obtained  a  common 
school  education.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  the  meat  business,  running  a  wagon 
through  the  mining  districts  for  the  accommodation  of  the  miners,  and  five  years 
later  opened  a  meat  market  in  Fall  Brook.  This  he  continued  until  the  fall  of 
1884,  when  he  settled  on  the  old  homestead.  This  farm,  which  in  1847  consisted 
of  fifty-two  acres,  has  been  added  to  from  time  to  time  until  Mr.  Jaquish  now  owns 
386  acres  of  land  lying  in  Eiehmond,  Covington  and  Sullivan  townships.  He  is 
one  of  the  largest  land  owners  and  heaviest  tax  payers  in  the  county  and  has  accu- 
mulated this  property  by  untiring  industry  and  good  management.  On  April  27, 
1881,  Mr.  Jaquish  married  Martha  Preston,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Mary  Preston, 
of  Union  township,  who  has  borne  him  six  children,  as  follows:  Orrin  "W.,  Daniel 
P.,  Elvin  W.,  Francis  M.,  John  J.,  and  Harry,  the  last  of  whom  died  in  childhood. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Jaquish  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  township  auditor. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H.  and  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  societies. 

Oelando  W.  Watkins  was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, August  4,  1860,  and  is  the  only  son  of  S.  and  Sarah  (Eoblyer)  Watkins. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Columbia  township,  Bradford  county,  and  was  reared  in 
that  and  Sullivan  township,  locating  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  latter  in  1859, 
where  he  made  his  home  until  his  death,  January  16,  1889.  His  widow  lives 
with  her  son  in  Eiehmond  township.  They  were  the  parents  of  two  children,  viz: 
Orlando  W.,  of  Eiehmond  township,  and  Nellie,  wife  of  F.  "W.  Horton,  of  Cov- 
ington township.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  common  school  education, 
supplemented  later  by  a  two  years'  course  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield. 
He  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  lumbering,  and  is  the  owner  of  two 
farms,  one  of  fifty  acres,  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  and  one  of  sixty-two  acres 
on  Canoe  Camp  creek,  in  Eiehmond  township.  The  latter  he  purchased  in  1889, 
and  it  is  his  present  home.  Mr.  Watkins  was  married  March  16,  1887,  to  Bettie 
Baity,  a  daughter  of  Edson  and  Eosalie  Baity,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  two 
children,  Edson  and  Lyle.  In  politics,  Mr.  Watkins  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  also 
a  member  of  Mainesburg  Crange,  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is  a  progressive  and 
enterprising  farmer  and  stands  high  in  the  esteem  of  his  neighbors. 

Feancis  Flowee  was  born  in  West  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  August  14, 
1811,  a  son  of  Alfred  and  Harriet  Leonard  Flower.  His  parents  reared  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Eleanor,  deceased  wife  of  William  B.  Eipley;  Sarah,  who  lives 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Massachusetts;    Lucius,  deceased;    Alfred,  and  Samuel, 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1083 


residents  of  "West  Springfield,  Massachusetts;  Francis  and  Harriet,  the  latter  de- 
ceaaed.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  and  a  prominent  citizen  of  Springfield.  He 
served  in  the  Massachusetts  legislature,  and  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  justice 
of  the  peace  and  overseer  of  the  poor.  He  lived  to  the  ripe  old  age  of  over  ninety- 
years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  remained  with  his  parents  until  the  age  of  six- 
teen when  he  went  to  Hartford,  Connecticut,  where  he  clerked  in  a  store  until 
he  was  twenty-five.  He  then  removed  to  Rochester,  New  York,  and  engaged  in 
the  grocery  business,  which  he  followed  a  few  years  later  in  Buffalo,  where  he  also 
filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  He  spent  several  years  in  New  Orleans, 
Cincinnati,  and  other  places,  prosecuting  business  ventures.  In  1867  he  came 
to  Tioga  county  and  became  a  member  of  the  milling  and  lumbering  firm  of  Flower 
&  Waters,  of  which  his  brother  Lucius  was  the  head.  This  firm  afterwards  became 
Shaw,  Flower  &  Company.  They  operated  a  saw-mill  about  a  mile  above  the  vil- 
lage of  Lamb's  Creek,  on  the  stream  of  the  same  name.  About  1875  Mr.  Flower  lo- 
cated in  Lamb's  Creek  and  opened  a  grocery  store,  which  he  still  carries  on.  In  1881 
he  married  Augusta  A.  Luther.  Politically,  Mr.  Flower  is  a  Democrat,  and  in 
religion,  a  Presbyterian.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Tioga  county,  not- 
withstanding which  he  is  in  full  possession  of  mind  and  memory,  and  quite  an 
active  and  vigorous  man. 

B.  H.  Osgood  was  bom  in  Chemung  county.  New  York,  April  11,  1853,  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1857.  His  father  died  in  that  township,  and  his  mother  still  lives  there.  They 
were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Hannah  J.,  deceased;  Nathaniel, 
a  resident  of  Charleston;  Levi,  who  lives  near  Keeneyville;  Frank,  a  resident  of 
Michigan;  B.  H.,  of  Richmond  township;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Shuble  Peters,  of 
Elmira,  and  Mary,  wife  of  Calvin  Nixon,  of  Lawrenceville.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  a  common  school  education  and  in  early  manhood  followed  lum- 
bering. About  the  year  1878  he  purchased  113  acres  of  land  on  Pickle  hill,  which 
he  still  owns.  Twelve  years  later  he  rented  the  old  Asa  Mann  farm,  north  of 
Mansfield  borough,  now  the  property  of  R.  W.  Rose,  which  he  has  successfully  cul- 
tivated in  connection  with  his  own  homestead,  and  now  ranks  among  the  success- 
ful and  progressive  farmers  of  the  township.  Mr.  Osgood  was  married  April  6, 
1872,  to  Elizabeth  McConnell,  a  daughter  of  Henry  McConnell,  to  which  imion 
have  been  bom  eight  children,  viz:  Ruth,  Clarence  and  Leonard,  both  deceased; 
Watson,  Irvin,  Levina,  Eva  and  Walter.  In  politics,  Mr.  Osgood  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  served  as  a  supervisor  in  Richmond  township.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Mansfield  Grange,  and  in  religion,  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church. 

SULLIVAN    TOWNSHIP    AND    MAINESBUEG. 

Samuel  Reynolds  came  from  Vermont  about  1803,  to  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  that  part  of  the 
county.  For  the  first  few  years  after  his  settlement,  he,  and  sometimes  his  wife, 
was  compelled  to  go  to  Williamsport  on  horseback  to  secure  provisions  and  house- 
hold necessaries  for  his  family.  There  were  no  roads  through  Sullivan  at  that 
period,  excepting  mere  bridle-paths  cut  out  by  the  pioneers.      He  was  married 


1084  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

before  coming  to  this  county,  in  1801,  to  Anna  Mann,  of  Hhode  Island,  and  brought 
his  young  wife  into  the  wilderness  of  Sullivan  township  to  share  his  trials^and 
hardships.  Ten  children  were  born  to  them,  viz:  Mrs.  Eliza  Austin,  Draper, 
Thomas,  Mrs.  Phoebe  Eew,  Lyman,  Mrs.  Leonora  Hazard,  Mahala,  Almeda,  Asa 
and  Joshua,  all  of  whom  are  dead  except  Mrs.  Haaard,  who  resides  in  Illinois.  Be- 
sides rearing  this  large  family,  the  parents  secured  a  competence  to  protect  them 
in  old  age,  though  it  was  acquired  by  the  greatest  industry  and  the  most  rigid 
economy.  Mr.  Eeynolds  and  family  were  firm  adherents  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church.  In  politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
political  affairs.  He  died  in  1843,  aged  about  sixty  years.  His  wife  survived  him 
eleven  years,  dying  in  1854,  aged  seventy. 

Thomas  Eeynolds,  second  son  of  Samuel  and  Anna  Eeynolds,  was  born  in 
Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  February  35,  1808.  He  died  Octobei'  3,  1896, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  his  native  county.  In 
boyhood  he  had  no  educational  advantages,  as  there  were  no  schools  in  his  neigh- 
borhood at  that  early  day,  but  through  the  passing  years  he  obtained  that  practical 
knowledge  of  men  and  affairs  which  a  man  learns  as  he  travels  along  the  pathway 
of  life.  In  1833  he  married  Amelia  Webster,  of  Sullivan  township,  to  which  union 
were  bom  four  children,  viz:  VanBuren,  Cyrus,  a  resident  of  Illinois;  Lyman, 
deceased,  and  Nelson.  Mrs.  Eeynolds  died  in  1851,  and  believing  that  his  children 
needed  a  mother's  care,  he  was  again  married  April  10,  1853,  to  Mary  Moore,  a 
daughter  of  James  Moore,  of  Sylvania,  Bradford  county,  who  is  the  mother  of 
one  daughter,  Mrs.  Ella  Eumsey.  In  politics,  Mr.  Eeynolds  was  always  an  ardent 
Democrat,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Andrew  Jackson  for  President.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  the  oldest  citizen  in  Sullivan  township,  and  was  in  full  pos- 
session of  all  his  faculties,  except  that  of  sight.  He  possessed  a  most  wonderful 
memory,  and  his  reminiscences  of  pioneer  days  and  events  were  very  interesting. 
He  was  postmaster  of  the  ofiBce  now  known  as  Sullivan  during  President  Van 
Buren's  administration,  and  also  served  as  constable,  collector,  supervisor  and  justice 
of  the  peace.  He  assisted  to  clear  the  land  now  embraced  within  the  borough  of 
Mansfield,  and  particularly  that  portion  on  which  the  bank  and  Hotel  Allen  now 
stand.  Mr.  Eeynolds  and  wife  were  members  of  State  Eoad  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  in  which  he  was  the  first  Sabbath-school  superintendent,  and  which  he 
helped  to  build  and  maintain.  Eor  many  years  he  was  class  leader  and  steward  of 
the  church,  but  when  his  eyesight  failed  him,  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  active 
church  work.  Mr.  Eeynolds  was  a  man  of  progressive  ideas  and  public  spirit, 
upright  in  all  things,  and  respected  by  the  leading  people  of  his  native  county. 

James  Geay,  Sb.,  was  bom  in  Sharon,  Connecticut,  in  1760,  and  there  grew 
to  manhood.  He  resided  a  few  years  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  then  removed 
to  Cooperstown,  New  York.  In  1805  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
located  in  what  is  now  known  as  Gray's  valley,  which  was  so  named  in  his  honor, 
where  he  bought  1,000  acres  of  land  and  paid  cash  for  it.  The  place  of  his  settle- 
ment is  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  fertile  spots  in  Tioga  county,  and  he  was  one 
of  the  earliest  among  the  pioneers  of  the  township.  Little  of  his  early  life  is  known 
by  his  descendants,  except  that  he  served  seven  years  in  the  Continental  army,  and 
thus  did  his  full  share  towards  establishing  this  free  government.     He  was  dis- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1085 

charged  from  the  service  with  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1785,  he  married  Parthenia 
White,  of  N"orfolk,  Connecticut,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  nine  children,  as  follows: 
John,  James,  Silas,  George  W.,  Eenssalear,  Betsey,  Mrs.  Aurelia  Eipley,  Mrs. 
Eyelina  Rumsey,  and  Mrs.  Melissa  Reynolds.  Mr.  Gray  was  originally  a  Federalist 
and  afterwards  a  Whig.  In  religion,  both  he  and  his  wife  were  Episcopalians. 
He  died  March  1,  1846,  his  wife  having  preceded  him  to  the  grave,  in  May,  1833. 

James  Gray,  second  son  of  James  Gray,  Sr.,  was  bom  in  Sharon,  Connecticut, 
November  25,  1790,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to  Otsego  county.  New  York, 
in  childhood.  When  he  was  fifteen  years  old  the  family  located  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  and  his  subsequent  life  was  passed  in  Gray's  valley.  On  Septem- 
ber 11,  1817,  he  married  Maria  Campbell,  of  Springfield,  Bradford  county,  who 
bore  him  one  son,  Victor  M.,  since  deceased.  Mrs.  Gray  died  February  36,  1820, 
and  on  December  28th  following,  he  married  Lorena  Doud,  who  bore  him  six  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  Mrs.  Isabella  Reynolds,  deceased;  Lafayette;  Mrs.  Louisa  Rob- 
bins,  who  lives  at  Coming;  Mrs.  Henrietta  Young,  deceased;  Delaune,  deceased, 
and  Mrs.  Lorancy  Baker,  deceased.  Mrs.  Gray  died  October  2,  1833,  and  on  May 
19,  1844,  he  married  Martha  Pinkham,  of  Tioga,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Mrs. 
Ida  P.  Webster,  of  Williamspoi-t.  Mr.  Gray  died  July  25,  1860.  His  widow  siu:- 
vived  until  July  10,  1877,  and  died  at  the  residence  of  her  daughter  in  Williams- 
port.  He  was  a  Whig  until  1828,  when  he  supported  Andrew  Jackson  for  the 
presidency,  and  remained  a  Democrat  until  1856.  In  that  year  he  became  a  Re- 
publican, and  voted  that  ticket  until  his  death.  For  nearly  twenty-five  years  he 
served  as  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was  postmaster  at  Gray's  Valley  a  long  period. 
Mr.  Gray  and  family  were  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  filled  the 
offices  of  clerk  and  deacon  for  many  years. 

Lafayette  Geay,  eldest  son  of  James  and  Lorena  Gray,  was  bom  on  the 
homestead  in  Gray's  valley,  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  March  20,  1824.  He 
obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  and  from  1846  to  1855  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  the  county.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming, 
making  dairying  a  specialty.  On  October  3,  1847,  he  married  Amanda  V.  Haven, 
of  Bradford  county,  who  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  James  E.,  Wilton  D.,  Mrs. 
Alice  Rose,  and  Fred  L.,  a  resident  of  California.  Mrs.  Gray  died  February  8. 
1887,  and  he  was  again  married  May  19,  1891,  to  Mrs.  Aletta  Baker,  a  daughter  of 
Laben  L.  and  Nancy  Rockwell,  of  Rutland  township.  Prior  to  1856,  Mr.  Gray 
was  a  Democrat,  since  which  year  he  has  been  an  ardent  Republican.  He  filled 
the  office  of  school  director  about  nine  years,  and  both  he  and  his  family  are  con- 
nected with  the  Baptist  church. 

Wilton  D.  Gray,  second  son  of  Lafayette  and  Amanda  V.  Gray,  was  born 
in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  January  31,  1853,  and  was  reared  upon  the 
homestead  faxm.  After  completing  his  primary  education  in  the  district  schools, 
he  attended  the  Wellsboro  graded  schools  until  1870,  since  which  time  he  has  de- 
voted his  attention  to  farming.  He  was  married  October  23,  1878,  to  Anna  Rose, 
a  daughter  of  Elliott  S.  Rose,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  two  children,  viz:  Nellie, 
born  October  9, 1888,  and  Jessie,  March  21, 1893.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  stanch  Republican, 
and  both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  State  Road  Baptist  church.  He  is  con- 
nected with  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in 


1086  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

public  affairs.  Mr.  Gray  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive  young  farmers 
of  his  native  township,  in  which  his  entire  life  has  been  passed. 

Paul  Cudwoeth  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  there  grew  to  manhood  and  mar- 
ried Sarah  Drinkwater,  a  native  of  the  same  State.  Their  children  were  Paul, 
ApoUos,  Samuel,  James,  Mollie,  who  married  Hanover  Pitts,  and  Susannah,  who 
married  Noah  Eumsey,  Sr.  Mr.  Cudworth  removed  with  his  family  to  Vermont, 
remaining  there  until  about  1808,  when  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  settled  in  Sullivan  township.  He  and  wife  were  pioneers  of  that  locality  and 
passed  the  remaining  years  of  their  lives  in  Sullivan. 

James  Cudwoeth,  Se.,  son  of  Paul  Cudworth,  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
August  17,  1795,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county, 
when  about  thirteen  years  old.  He  served  as  a  drummer  boy  in  the  War  of  1812. 
Soon  after  arriving  at  his  majority  he  married  Anna  Doud,  a  daughter  of  Peleg 
Doud,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Sullivan  township.  She  was  bom  September  17, 1799, 
and  bore  him  the  following  named  children:  Jerome  B.,  of  Mainesburg;  Sarah 
Ann,  widow  of  Edward  A.  Fish,  of  Wellsboro;  James  and  William,  both  deceased; 
Julia  Ann,  and  Paul  C,  a  resident  of  Michigan.  Mr.  Cudworth  died  April  18,  1836, 
on  the  farm  now  the  home  of  his  grandson,  James  C.  Cudworth.  His  wife  died 
January  16,  1866. 

James  Cudwoeth,  a  son  of  James  Cudworth,  Sr.,  was  born  m  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  August  17,  1826,  and  there  grew  to  manhood. 
He  obtained  very  little  schooling  and  spent  his  early  life  upon  a  farm.  On  May  30, 
1849,  he  married  Lydia  J.  Whitteker,  a  daughter  of  Peter  Whitteker,  of  Richmond 
township,  who  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Julia  L.,  born  September 
17,  1851,  wife  of  J.  W.  DeWitt;  Virginia  L.,  born  October  7,  1853,  wife  of  C.  F. 
Parkhurst,  and  James  C.  Mr.  Cudworth  removed  to  Mainesburg  in  1885,  enter- 
ing into  partnership  with  his  son-in-law,  J.  W.  DeWitt,  in  the  mercantile  business. 
He  remained  in  that  business  until  March,  1892,  when  he  sold  out  and  returned 
to  his  farm,  where  he  died,  July  16, 1892.  His  widow  resides  in  Mainesburg.  He  was 
a  member  of  Cherry  Flats  Baptist  church,  to  which  his  family  also  adheres.  In 
polities,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  during  the  Eebellion  he  gave  both  time  and 
money  liberally  towards  raising  troops  to  defend  the  flag  and  preserve  the  Union. 

James  C.  Cudwoeth  was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  May  3, 
1863,  on  the  farm  which  he  now  owns  and  resides  upon.  He  attended  the  district 
schools  in  boyhood,  and  afterwards  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  After 
working  on  the  homestead  farm  five  years,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  J.  W.  De- 
Witt  and  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Mainesburg,  which  business  he  followed  for 
two  years.  In  1886  he  purchased  the  old  homestead,  and  has  since  given  his  attention 
to  agriculture.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  dairying,  keeps  from  twenty  to  twenty-five 
cows,  and  is  one  of  the  partners  in  the  Mainesburg  Co-operative  Creamery.  Mr. 
Cudworth  was  married  May  12,  1882,  to  Grace  D.  Maine,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  G.  D. 
Maine,  of  Mainesburg,  and  has  two  children,  Katie  E.  and  Charles  J.  He  is  an 
ardent  Democrat,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director.  In  religion,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Mainesburg,  to  which  society  his 
family  also  belong,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  neighbors. 

Peleg  Doud,  a  native  of  Hubbaidton,  Vermont,  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1087 


sylvania,  about  1808  or  1809,  and  settled  in  Sullivan  township.  He  was  married  in 
Vermont  to  Isabella  Rumsey,  to  which  union  were  bom  ten  children,  eight  in  Ver- 
mont and  two  in  Sullivan  township,  viz:  Millie,  who  died  in  youth;  Sally,  who 
married  John  Gray;  Betsey,  who  married  Roswell  Webster;  Lorena,  who  married 
James  Gray;  Anna,  who  married  James  Cudworth,  Sr.;  Lurancy,  who  married 
Levi  Eexford;  Philemon,  Munson,  Peleg  W.  and  Eipley  H.  Mrs.  Doud  died  in 
1814.  Her  husband  survived  until  about  1840,  dying  at  a  ripe  old  age.  Mr. 
Doud  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Sullivan  township.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church  and  services  were  often  held  at  his  house.  In 
politics,  he  was  a  Whig. 

Rev.  Peleg  W.  Doud  was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county.  May  29, 
1810,  a  son  of  Peleg  Doud.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  obtained  his  education 
in  the  common  schools.  For  many  years  he  was  a  minister  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist 
church,  and  also  a  member  of  the  church  board  of  officers.  On  December  35,  1 833, 
he  married  Amanda  R.  Packard,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  Packard,  of  Sul- 
livan township.  Five  children  were  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Warren,  Hobart  R., 
Omer  P.,  Annie,  and  Helen,  wife  of  I)aniel  F.  Rumsey.  Mrs.  Doud  died  June  9, 1893. 
Her  mother,  now  in  her  103nd  year,  resides  in  Covington  township.  Mr.  Doud 
makes  his  home  with  his  son-in-law,  Daniel  F.  Rumsey,  of  Sullivan.  In  early  life 
he  was  a  Whig,  but  has  been  a  Republican  since  the  organization  of  that  party.  He 
is  now  one  of  the  oldest  living  persons  bom  in  Tioga  county. 

Russell  Rose  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  what  is  now  Ward  township,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  June  11, 1753.  Little  is  known 
of  his  eaxly  life,  but  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  enlisted  in  the  Continental  army 
and  served  throughout  that  struggle  for  liberty.  While  in  camp  at  Valley  Forge 
he  was  promoted  to  serve  as  an  aide  on  Washington's  staff,  and  did  good  and  eflBcient 
service.  After  the  war  was  over  he  returned  to  Connecticut,  where  he  married 
Phoebe  Orvis,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Achsah  and  Phoebe.  Mrs.  Rose  died  in 
November,  1786,  and  in  March,  1788,  he  married  Lydia  Orvis.  She  was  bom  in 
Norfolk,  Connecticut,  March  30,  1764,  and  became  the  mother  of  eight  children, 
as  follows:  Daniel,  Sophronia,  Rexford,  Crippin,  Enos,  Rebecca,  the  widow  of  John 
Packard,  who  now  resides  in  Covington,  Tioga  county,  at  the  extraordinary  age  of 
101,  being  the  only  survivor  of  the  family;  Lydia,  and  Phoebe.  Mr.  Rose  and  family 
came  from  Connecticut  to  Tioga  county  in  1807,  and  located  in  the  midst  of  an 
unbroken  forest,  in  what  is  now  Ward  township,  but  soon  afterward  removed  to 
Sullivan  township,  and  settled  on  the  State  road.  With  the  assistance  of  his  children, 
he  rapidly  cleared  off  quite  a  snug  little  farm,  and  at  his  death,  June  1,  1830,  he 
was  one  of  the  best  known  men  in  the  county.  In  polities,  he  was  originally  a 
Federalist,  and  afterwards  cast  his  fortunes  with  the  Whig  party.  Both  he  and 
wife  were  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  She  survived  her  husband  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  dying  June  3,  1857.  It  is  stated  of  Mr.  Rose  that  during  President 
Monroe's  administration,  he  went  afoot  to  Washington,  D.  C,  to  see  why  his  pension 
had  been  withheld  from  him.  On  his  arrival  the  officer  in  charge  said  he  could  not 
attend  to  his  case  until  the  next  day,  but  Mr.  Rose  threatening  to  go  to  the  President 
direct,  he  promptly  rectified  the  matter,  and  the  old  veteran  returned  home  as  he 
had  gone,  arriving  there  none  the  worse  for  his  long  tramp. 


]^088  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Daniel  Kose,  eldest  son  of  Eussell  and  Lydia  Rose,  was  born  in  Norfolk, 
Connecticut,  May  16,  1789,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  came  to  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  two  years  after  his  father,  and  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  Sullivan 
township,  on  what  is  now  the  State  road.  He  enlisted  in  the  War  of  1812,  and 
served  until  May,  1814,  when  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Tioga  county.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1814,  he  married  Sally  Elliott,  a  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Elliott,  of  Coving- 
ton, Tioga  county.  She  taught  the  first  school  opened  in  Eichmond  township. 
Eight  children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  viz:  James  M.,  Elliott  S.,  Mrs.  Sally  Ely, 
Russell  B.,  Mrs.  Clarissa  Wheeler,  Daniel,  Enos,  and  one  that  died  in  early  youth. 
Of  these  Elliott  S.  and  Russell  B.  are  living.  The  family  were  connected  with  the 
State  Road  Baptist  church,  in  which  faith  the  parents  lived  and  died.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Rose  was  an  enthusiastic  Whig,  and  a  great  admirer  of  Henry  Clay.  He  died 
February  4,  1853,  in  his  sixty-third  year.  His  wife  survived  him  over  eighteen 
years,  dying  August  36,  1870,  in  the  seventy-eighth  year  of  her  age. 

Elliott  S.  Rose,  second  son  of  Daniel  and  Sally  Rose,  was  bom  in  Sullivan 
township,  Tioga  county,  June  18,  1817.  He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boy- 
hood, obtaining  but  a  limited  education,  and  later  engaged  in  farming,  which,  with 
the  exception  of  about  twenty  years  spent  in  buying  and  selling  cattle,  he  made  his 
life  vocation,  his  specialty  being  dairying  and  sheep  raising.  Mr.  Rose  was  married 
October  38,  1841,  to  Laura  A.  Morgan,  a  daughter  of  Dennis  and  Betsey  (Black) 
Morgan,  natives  of  Blanford,  Massachusetts.  She  was  bom  in  Blanford,  February 
2, 1834,  and  was  only  eight  years  old  when  her  parents  settled  in  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county.  She  is  the  mother  of  four  children,  all  of  whom  are  living,  viz: 
William  Pembrooke,  Warren  D.,  Anna,  wife  of  Wilton  D.  Gray,  and  Morgan  E. 
Mr.  Rose  is  a  leading  member  of  the  State  Road  Baptist  church,  and  has  been  an 
officer  in  that  body  for  many  years.  He  was  originally  a  Whig,  casting  his  first 
vote  for  William  Henry  Harrison  for  president  in  1840,  and  when  the  Republican 
party  was  organized  he  became  one  of  its  most  enthusiastic  workers.  He  served 
as  auditor  and  constable  for  many  years.  On  October  38,  1891,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rose 
celebrated  their  golden  wedding,  and  it  is  said  by  one  who  was  there,  that  "a  more 
pleasant  and  happy  couple  could  not  be  found  in  Tioga  county."  Mr.  Rose  can 
look  back  with  pardonable  pride  on  a  successful  business  career  and  a  life  filled  with 
good  deeds  and  kind  actions. 

William  Pembkooke  Rose  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  December  4,  1846,  and  is  the  eldest  child  of  Elliott  S.  and  Laura  A. 
Rose.  After  completing  the  common  school  course,  he  attended  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Mansfield  until  1865.  He  then  entered  the  Commercial  College  at  Bing- 
hamton.  New  York,  from  which  he  was  graduated  February  3,  1867,  thus  complet- 
ing his  education.  In  1869-70,  he  conducted  a  store  at  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county. 
He  afterwards  returned  to  the  farm  in  Sullivan  township,  on  which  he  remained  untU 
1886,  when  he  and  M.  F.  Rose  purchased  a  store  in  Mainesburg,  and  carried  on  the 
mercantile  business  there  for  six  years.  After  retiring  from  that  business,  he  and 
his  brother,  Warren  D.,  under  the  firm  name  of  Rose  Brothers,  commenced  buying 
and  shipping  to  the  eastern  markets  hay,  grain  and  all  kinds  of  farm  produce,  in 
which  they  have  been  highly  successful  and  still  continue.  Mr.  Rose  was  married 
November  25,  1870,  to  Harriet  Palmer,  a  daughter  of  Nathan  Palmer,  of  Sullivan 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1089 


township,  Tioga  county,  and  has  one  son,  Elmer  N.  Mr.  Eose  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  fills  the  office  of  clerk.  He  is  a  stanch  Ee- 
publican,  and  has  held  nearly  eTery  office  in  Mainesburg  at  difEerent  periods,  includ- 
ing the  office  of  postmaster  during  Harrison's  administration.  He  is  one  of  the 
oldest  members  and  Past  Grands  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  is 
recognized  as  a  substantial  and  successful  business  man,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem 
by  the  best  people  of  the  community. 

"Waeeen  D.  Eose,  second  son  of  Elliott  S.  and  Laura  A.  Eose,  was  bom  in 
Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  February  3,  1850,  and  grew  to  manhood  upou  the 
homestead  farm.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  later  attended  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  and  began  teaching  when  but  sixteen  years  of  age, 
following  that  vocation  in  Sullivan  township  six  years.  In  the  meantime  he  devoted 
some  attention  to  his  farm  duties,  and  also  began  buying  and  shipping  live  stock. 
He  subsequently  entered  into  partnership  with  his  brother,  William  P.,  for  the 
purpose  of  buying  farmers'  produce,  in  which  line  they  have  done  a  very  large  busi- 
ness, being  to-day  among  the  extensive  dealers  in  the  county.  Warren  D.  has  also 
been  a  successful  live-stock  buyer  for  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  Eose  was  married 
October  22, 1872,  to  Alice  Gray,  only  daughter  of  Lafayette  Gray,  of  Sullivan  town- 
ship, and  has  four  children:  Edith,  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Mansfield,  in  the  class  of  1895,  who  is  now  engaged  in  teaching;  Fred  E.,  Warren 
Gray,  and  an  infant  son.  Mr.  Eose  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  town- 
ship treasurer  for  several  years.  He  and  family  are  adherents  of  the  State  Eoad 
Baptist  church,  in  which  he  fills  the  office  of  trustee.  He  is  looked  upon  as  one  of 
the  most  energetic  and  worthy  citizens  of  his  native  township. 

Morgan  E.  Eose,  youngest  son  of  Elliott  S.  Eose,  was  born  on  the  homestead 
in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  February  36,  1859.  After  completing  a  com- 
mon school  education,  he  took  a  course  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  and 
then  settled  down  to  farm  life.  He  manages  about  400  acres  of  land,  including  his 
father's  homestead,  and  has  devoted  much  time  to  stock  raising.  He  is  also  engaged 
in  business  in  Mansfield,  as  a  dealer  in  coal,  wood  and  builders'  supplies.  On  De- 
cember 30, 1882,  he  married  Nellie  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Darwin  D.  Miller,  of  Sulli- 
van township,  and  has  one  daughter,  Edna.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  State 
Eoad  Baptist  church,  in  which  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school 
for  several  years.  In  politics,  Mr.  Eose  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  one  of  the  progressive 
farmers  of  Sullivan  township. 

Dennis  Morgan  was  bom  in  Blanford,  Hampden  county,  Massachusetts,  in 
1801,  a  son  of  Simeon  and  Elizabeth  (Sewell)  Morgan,  of  the  same  State.  His  farther 
was  a  native  of  Wales,  and  a  farmer  by  occupation.  He  followed  his  son  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-four  years.  In  1832 
Dennis  Morgan  came  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  bought  a  farm 
of  100  acres,  which  he  cleared  and  improved.  He  married  Betsey  Black,  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  bom  in  1801.  She  bore  him  three  daughters  and  one  son,  named 
as  follows:  Laura  Ann,  wife  of  Elliott  S.  Eose;  Jane  E.,  who  married  Eussell  B. 
Eose;  Maryett,  who  married  D.  D.  Miller,  and  Fordyce  S.  Mr.  Morgan  and  wife 
were  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  died  in  that  faith.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
69 


1Q90  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

in  church  work  and  acted  as  clerk  for  many  years.    In  politics,  he  was  a  Whig.    He 
was  captain  of  a  local  militia  company,  and  was  a  man  of  soldiery  bearing. 

Noah  Eumsey,  Sh.,  was  born  in  Fairfield.  Connecticut.  March  20.  1768.  and 
was  a  son  of  Isaac  Eumsey.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  Rumsey,  was  a  son  of  Robert 
Eumsey,  a  grandson  of  William  Rumsey,  and  a  great-grandson  of  Robert  Rumsey,  Sr., 
who  settled  in  Connecticut  in  1645.  Noah  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county, 
and  married  Susannah  Cudworth,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  twelve  children,  eleven 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Mrs.  Sally  Austin,  Aaron,  Noah,  Mrs. 
Deziah  Grandy,  Leander  D.,  Orlando  S.,  Jesse  C,  Mrs.  Olivia  DeWitt,  Joseph, 
Ameda  and  Abigail,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  Rumsey  came  from  Hubbardton, 
Vermont,  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1807.  He  built 
the  first  grist-mill  in  this  section  of  the  county,  on  the  site  of  Mainesburg,  which 
he  operated  for  a  few  years  and  then  sold  it.  He  was  a  Jeffersonian  Democrat,  but 
took  no  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  died  May  19,  1839,  and  his  wife  twelve 
or  fifteen  years  later,  leaving  numerous  descendants. 

Aaeon  Rumsey,  oldest  son  of  Noah  Rumsey,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Hubbardton,  Ver- 
mont, April  7,  1803,  and  was  four  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Sullivan 
township,  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  assisting  his  parents  in  clearing 
the  farm  and  enduring  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  On  April  27, 1837,  he  married 
Orilla  Pairchild,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  born  August  15,  1815,  to  which  union 
were  bom  the  following  children:  Adelaide,  deceased  wife  of  Lewis  B.  Lucas;  Jesse, 
of  Sullivan  township;  Adalena,  wife  of  Capt.  Homer  J.  Ripley;  Adaline  M.,  who  lives 
with  her  mother  on  the  old  homestead;  Ameda  S.,  wife  of  Volney  Ripley;  Martha  M., 
deceased;  Emery  J.  and  Daniel  F.,  both  residents  of  Sullivan;  Julia  Ann,  wife  of  Ros- 
well  P.  Ripley,  and  Fremont,  deceased.  Mr.  Rumsey  was  prominent  in  the  early 
militia,  in  which  he  held  the  rank  of  major.  He  was  a  stanch  Republican,  in 
politics,  and  filled  several  local  offices.  During  his  early  manhood  he  followed 
lumbering  as  an  occupation,  and  was  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  and  leading 
citizens  of  his  township.    He  died  July  11, 1886. 

Emeky  J.  Rumsey  was  bo^m  in  Sullivan  to'wnship,  Tioga  county,  July  14, 
1852,  and  is  the  second  youngest  son  of  Aaron  Rumsey,  and  grandson  of  Noah 
Rumsey,  Sr.  After  completing  a  common  school  course,  he  spent  two  terms  in  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  He  then  engaged  in  clerking  in  the  only  general 
store  in  Mainesburg  at  that  time,  which  he  followed  one  year,  and  then  removed 
to  the  farm  upon  which  he  has  since  liv.ed,  located  three  miles  east  of  Mainesburg. 
On  December  17,  1879,  he  married  Ella  Reynolds,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Reynolds, 
of  Sullivan  township.  Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  of  Mainesburg,  and  he  is  connected  with  Mainesburg  Grange.  Mr.  Eumsey 
is  an  imswerving  Republican,  and  firmly  believes  in  the  principles  of  that  party, 
especially  the  doctrine  of  high  protection  for  American  industries. 

Noah  Rumsey,  Jh.,  was  bom  in  Hubbardton,  Vermont,  August  4,  1805,  and 
was  but  two  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county. 
Here  he  grew  to  manhood  assisting  his  parents  in  the  home  duties  and  undergoing 
the  trials  and  hardships  incident  to  pioneer  days.  On  February  20,  1834,  he  mar- 
ried Sally  A.  Gitchell,  of  Sullivan  township,  who  became  the  mother  of  twelve 
children,  viz:  Mrs.  Mary  Miller,  Charles  M.,  Mrs.  Olivia  Jones,  deceased;  Josepli  B., 
and  David  N.,  the  last  deceased;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lovell,  Aaron  L.,  Mrs.  Ro&ina  D. 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1091 


Bardwell,  Elmina,  deceased;  Eli  G.  and  two  that  died  in  infancy.  Like  his  father, 
he  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  both  he  and  wife  were  members  of  Cherry  Flats 
Baptist  church.  Mr.  Eumsey  died  November  34,  1859,  and  his  wife,  March  21, 
1887,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Chaeles  M.  Eumsey,  eldest  son  of  Noah  Eumsey,  Jr.,  was  bom  in  Sullivan 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  30,  1837,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm. 
On  November  1,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 
At  Lebanon,  Virginia,  May  5, 1862,  his  horse  was  shot  from  under  him,  and  in  falling 
broke  several  of  his  ribs.  He  was  so  severely  injured  that  he  was  coinflned  to  the 
hospital  three  months,  and  never  fully  recovered.  During  his  confinement  in  the 
hospital,  he  was  taken  prisoner,  but  was  paroled  the  following  day.  Upon  leaving 
the  hospital  he  was  on  detached  duty,  as  clerk  to  the  division  commissary,  and  was 
finally  discharged  from  the  service  November  1,  1864.  Eetuming  to  his  home  in 
Sullivan  township,  he  resumed  farming,  which  occupation  he  has  followed  up  to  the 
present.  Mr.  Eumsey  was  married  March  27, 1866,  to  Matilda  A.  GifEord,  a  daughter 
of  William  Gifford,  of  Eichmond  township.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  union, 
one  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  the  others  being  as  follows:  Clark,  bom  January 
9,  1871,  married  Daisy  Levalley,  of  Covington,  November  16,  1892,  and  had  one 
child,  Matilda,  and  died  February  18,  1894;  and  Ealph,  born  February  9,  1873,  who 
died  March  4,  1874.  Mrs.  Eumsey  died  May  30,  1884,  and  he  was  again  married 
February  17,  1886,  to  Angeline  Ely,  a  daughter  of  Frederick  and  Sally  Ely,  of 
Charleston  township.  Mr.  Eumsey  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  served  as  county 
commissioner  one  term.  He  also  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  constable  and  collector 
of  his  township.  He  and  family  are  members  of  the  Disciples  church,  of  Maines- 
burg,  and  he  is  connected  with  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  E.,  and  Sullivan 
Grange,  No.  84,  P.  of  H. 

John  Maine  was  bom  in  Scipio,  New  York,  November  29,  1779,  and  came  to 
Tioga  county,,  Pennsylvania,  in  early  manhood,  locating  in  Lawrence  township. 
About  1825  he  setted  near  the  site  of  Mainesburg,  which  village  was  named  in  his 
honor.  He  was  a  miller  by  trade,  and  always  followed  that  business  or  farming.  On 
December  25,  1808,  he  married  Nancy  Spencer,  a  daughter  of  Uriah  Spencer,  to 
which  union  were  bom  fourteen  children,  viz:  Alexander,  Horace  S.,  Mrs.  Celia  Eose, 
Samuel,  Harriet,  Uriah  E.,  a  resident  of  Missouri;  Mrs.  Deborah  Phelps,  Andrew  J., 
George  D.,  Mrs.  Fannie  A.  Green,  Edwin  E.,  Mrs.  Sarah  Eichards,  a  resident  of 
Nelson,  Tioga  county;  Eleanor  M.  and  Charles  E.  Of  this  large  family  only  three 
are  living,  Uriah  E.,  Edwin  E.  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Eichards.  Mr.  Maine  was  a 
Democrat  in  early  manhood,  subsequently  joined  the  Free  Soil  party,  and  later  en- 
tered the  Eepublican  ranks.  Both  he  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Baptist  church, 
and  he  was  also  connected  with  the  Masonic  order.  Mr.  Maine  died  December  17, 
1857,  and  his  wife,  September  21, 1873. 

Geohge  D.  Maine,  physician  and  surgeon,  sixth  son  of  John  and  Nancy  Maine, 
was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  July  24,  1826.  He  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  in  boyhood,  was  a  student  at  the  old  Troy  Academy,  and  afteirwards  en- 
tered the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1860.  He  commenced  practice  at  Austinville,  and  one 
year  later  located  in  Mainesburg,  Tioga  county,  where  he  continued  in  the  active 


;l^Q92  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

duties  of  his  profession  for  thirty-six  years.  When  the  call  for  troops  came,  Dr. 
Maine  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  served  as  assistant  surgeon  of  that  regiment  until  mustered  out,  in  August, 
1865,  when  he  resumed  his  practice  at  Maineshurg.  Dr.  Maine  married  Jane  E. 
Gregory,  of  Elmira,  ITew  York,  and  reared  two  daughters,  both  married:  Mrs.  Kate 
M.  Holcomb,  and  Mrs.  Grace  D.  Cudworth.  Mrs.  Maiae  died  in  Philadelphia, 
January  2,  1896,  where  she  had  gone  for  the  purpose  of  having  an  operation  per- 
formed. In  politics,  Dr.  Maine  was  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  firm  in.  the  support 
of  the  principles  and  measures  of  that  party.  He  also  belonged  to  the  I.  0.  0.  P. 
for  many  years.  But  his  principal  attention  was  devoted  to  his  professional  duties, 
in  which  he  was  very  successful.  Through  the  passing  years  he  won  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  community,  both  as  a  physician  and  a  citizen,  and  was  recognized 
as  a  man  of  high  honor  and  strict  integrity.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Maineshurg, 
May  19, 1897. 

Altin  B.  Austin  was  born  in  Chenango  county,  New  York,  in  1800,  and  fol- 
lowed the  occupations  of  farmer  and  mason.  In  1820  he  came  to  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  locating  at  what  is  now  Maineshurg.  On  January 
8, 1824,  he  married  Sally  D.  Eumsey,  a  daughter  of  Noa.h  Eumsey,  Sr.,  a  pioneer  of 
Sullivan.  Seven  children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  viz:  Mrs.  Ameda  Shelton, 
deceased;  Aaron,  who  resides  in  Nevada;  Luther,  a  resident  of  Bradford  county;  Le- 
ander  E.,  deceased;  Daniel  B.,  who  lives  in  California;  Joseph  B.,  deceased,  and  Jesse 
W.,  a  resident  of  Maineshurg.  Mr.  Austin  and  family  were  adherents  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church,  and  in  polities,  he  was  first  a  Whig  and  afterwards  a  Eepubli- 
can.   Mrs.  Austin  died  March  11, 1878,  and  her  husband,  December  21, 1881. 

Leandee  E.  Austin  was  born  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  on  the  site 
of  the  Maineshurg  church,  June  28, 1831,  and  was  the  third  son  of  Alvin  B.  and  Sally 
D.  Austin.  With  the  exception  of  a  short  period  that  he  clerked  for  his  uncle,  L. 
D.  Eumsey,  in  a  store,  he  followed  agriculture  until  1876,  when  he  embarked  in 
merchandising  at  Maineshurg,  in  partnership  with  Baldwin  Parkhurst.  In  1880 
they  dissolved  partnership,  and  in  1882  he  purchased  H.  E.  Bartlett's  dry  goods  and 
grocery  store,  which  he  sold  to  E.  W.  Eose  in  1884.  On  June  26,  1884,  he  bought 
the  drug  store  of  Dr.  I.  N.  Wright,  and  converting  it  into  a  grocery  and  hardware 
store,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Capt.  Homer  J.  Eipley.  In  1886  he  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Captain  Eipley,  and  in  1888  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Keystone  View 
Company  as  salesman,  in  which  capacity  he  acted  until  1890  when  he  became  a 
partner  in  the  business  and  so  continued  until  his  death,  October  9,  1893.  Mr. 
Austin  was  twice  married.  His  first  marriage  occurred  in  1857,  to  Eebecea  Brown, 
of  Covington,  who  died  in  1876.  On  February  20,  1878,  he  married  Mittie  E.,  a 
daughter  of  P.  P.  Smith,  of  Sullivan  township,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Ethel  L., 
born  February  10,  1892.  L.  Emory  Austin,  third  son  of  Jesse  W.  Austin,  became  a 
member  of  the  family  of  Leander  E.  and  Mittie  E.  Austin  April  10, 1880,  and  March 
5,  1890,  he  married  Miss  Minnie  Eumsey.  They  have  one  daughter,  Leai.  Graice, 
bom  August  1,  1895.  Mr.  Austin  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
of  Maineshurg,  and  also  of  Maineshurg  Lodge,  No.  754, 1.  0.  0.  F. 

Joshua  Smith  came  from  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  to  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1824.  Shortly  before,  he  married  Lydia  Clark,  of 
the  first-named  State  and  county,  and  they  came  to  Sullivan  township  together  and 


BIOGSAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1093 


commenced  pioneer  life  in  Tioga  county.  Seven  children  were  bom  to  them  in  this 
county,  named  as  follows:  Dennis,  deceased;  Philetus  P.,  Ephraim  C,  Burinthia,  who 
was  scalded  to  death;  Joshua,  who  was  burned  to  death  in  a  coal  fire  when  an  infant; 
Mrs.  Olive  Squires,  aad  Mrs.  Diantha  Watkins.  Mrs.  Smith  died  in  1840,  and  he 
was  again  married  in  1842,  to  Diadama  Eoblyer,  who  became  the  mother  of  one 
daughter,  Lydia,  since  deceased.  Mr.  Smith  was  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  both 
he  and  wife  were  members  of  Mainesburg  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  died  in 
1859,  and  his  wife,  December  1, 1846. 

Philetus  P.  Smith  was  born  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  January  13, 
1835,  and  is  the  eldest  living  child  of  Joshua  and  Lydia  Smith.  He  obtained  a  good 
common  school  education,  and  subsequently  taught  for  fifteen  years  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, during  the  wiater  seasons,  with  the  exception  of  one  term  in  Eutland.  In 
the  summer  months  he  followed  farming,  ajad  since  giving  up  teaching  he  has  made 
farming  his  occupation.  He  married  Eoxie  E.  Scouten,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  is 
the  father  of  eight  children,  viz:  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Eumsey,  Mrs.  Frankie  Leiby,  Mrs. 
Mittie  E.  Austin,  Mrs.  Florrie  E.  Maynard,  Mrs.  Jennie  Bartlett,  Mrs.  Vinie  L.  Smith, 
H.  P.,  and  one  that  died  in  early  youth.  Mr.  Smith  is  an  active  Prohibitionist,  has 
been  a  school  director  for  twenty-four  years,  and  has  also  filled  the  office  of  town- 
ship auditor.  He  and  family  are  members  of  Mainesburg  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  in  which  he  has  been  a  class  leader,  steward  and  trustee  for  about  twenty-five 
years.  Some  years  ago  he  was  a  member  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754,  I.  0.  0.  P. 
Mr.  Smith  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  intelligent  and  progressive  farmers  of  his  native 
township. 

Abad  Smith  came  from  New  York  state  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania,  about  1824,  bringing  with  him  his  young  wife  to  share  the  hardships 
and  trials  of  pioneer  life.  He  was  married  in  New  York,  in  April,  1822,  to  Margery 
Ganoung,  who  became  the  mother  of  six  children,  as  follows:  Charles  G-.,  Mrs.  Phoebe 
Palmer,  Levi,  deceased;  Mrs.  Sally  Chandler,  deceased;  Albert,  and  Mrs.  Loiuisa  Nash, 
deceased.  Mr.  Smith  settled  in  the  midst  of  the  primitive  forest,  erected  a  log 
cabin,  and  went  to  work  bravely  to  make  for  himself  and  family  a  home,  in  which  un- 
dertaking he  was  successful.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Jeffersonian  Democrat,  and  m  re- 
ligion, a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  at  Elk  Eun.  He  did  not  be- 
lieve in  secret  societies,  consequently  never  became  a  member  of  any  of  them.  Mr. 
Smith  died  in  Mansfield,  November  4,  1889,  surviving  his  wife  more  than  seven 
years,  her  death  occurring  January  1, 1882. 

Chaeles  G.  Smith,  eldest  child  of  Arad  Smith,  was  born  in  New  York  state. 
May  4, 1823,  and  was  in  his  second  year  when  his  parents  settled  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  inured  to  the  hardships  of  pioneer 
days,  and  has  made  farming  his  life  vocation.  In  September,  1843,  he  married 
Sallie  Chandler,  of  Sullivan  township,  to  which  union  were  bom  four  children,  viz: 
Mrs.  Margery  Eichmond,  .Byron  C,  Mrs.  Julia  Tanner,  deceased,  and  Fred  I.,  who  is 
now  studying  for  the  ministry.  Mrs.  Smith  died  April  9,  1872,  and  he  was  again 
married  October  8, 1873,  to  Emeline  Brundage,  who  died  April  7, 1879.  Mr.  Smith's 
third  marriage  occurred  November  19,  1879,  with  Eosilla  Perry,  a  daughter  of 
Marvin  Perry.  Her  father  was  a  son  of  Jonathan  Perry,  and  married  Laura  Gay- 
lord,  of  Vermont,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  six  children.    Marvin  Perry  died  Feb- 


1Q94  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COITNTT. 


ruary  25, 1863,  aged  sixty-one  years,  and  his  wife,  October  17, 1873.  Mr.  Smith  and 
wife  are  members  of  Elk  Kun  Methodist  Episcopal  chtirch,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a 
Prohibitionist.  He  is  also  connected  with  East  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  831,  P.  of  H. 
Mr.  Smith  began  his  business  life  comparatively  poor,  but  is  to-day  one  of  the  pros- 
perous citizens  of  the  township. 

Jacob  Httlslandee  came  from  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  to  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1831.  He  was  married  in  Tompkins  county, 
in  May  1805,  to  Elizabeth  Bell,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  ten  children,  viz.  John, 
Isaac,  David,  Peter,  "William,  Ezekiel,  Jacob,  Mrs.  Susan  Sweet,  Mrs.  Eliza  Stewart 
and  Maria,  all  of  whom  are  dead  except  William,  who  lives  in  Steuben  county.  New 
York.  Mr.  Hulslander  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1813,  while  his  father  served  in  the 
Eevolution.  In  politics,  he  was  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  in  religious  faith,  a 
Presbyterian.  He  died  upon  his  farm  in  Sullivan  township,  in  May,  1849.  His 
wife  survived  him  until  June,  1853. 

Petee  Httlslandee,  fourth  son  of  Jacob  Hulslander,  was  bom  in  Orange  county. 
New  York,  April  17,  1813,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga 
county,  when  about  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  was  bom  and  reared  on  a  farm,  aad 
made  farming  his  life  vocation.  On  October  16,  1834,  he  married  Amanda  Soper, 
a  daughter  of  Eoger  Soper,  of  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  Ten  children  were 
bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Elijah,  a  resident  of  Bradford  county;  William,  de;- 
ceased;  Mrs.  Mary  Benedict,  of  East  Charleston;  Mrs.  Ellen  Benedict,  of  Bradford 
county;  Prof.  George  F.,  of  Boston;  C.  B.,  of  Sullivan  township;  Mrs.  Melinda  Furge- 
son,  of  Liberty  township;  Winfield  S.,  who  lives  in  Scranton;  Mrs.  Charlotte  Bobbins 
and  Mrs.  Emma  Colgrove,  of  Detroit,  Michigan.  William,  George  F.  and  C.  B.  were 
soldiers  in  the  Union  army  during  the  Eebellion.  Mr.  Hulslander  was  first  a  Whig 
and  later  a  Republican.  He  died  in  March,  1891,  his  wife  having  preceded  him,  Feb- 
ruary 6,  1886. 

C.  B.  Httlslandee  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga 
county,  June  19, 1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  Hulslander.  In  August,  1864,  when  but 
seventeen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  and  served  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman,  Petersburg,  and 
several  other  minor  engagements.  He  was  honorably  discharged  in  June,  1865. 
Mr.  Hulslander  was  married  November  31,  1869,  to  Janette  Ferguson,  a  daughter  of 
Uriah  Ferguson,  of  Bradford  county.  Nine  children  have  been  bom  to  this  marriage, 
viz:  Fred  and  Eva,  both  deceased;  Nellie,  Thomas,  Harry,  Vera,  Fannie,  Burt  and 
Morton.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hulslander  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  Eoseville 
Post,  No.  616,  G.  A.  E. 

Joshua  Shaw  was  bom  in  Abington,  Massachusetts,  in  1764,  there  grew  to  man- 
hood and  married  Sarah  Hawes,  of  the  same  place.  In  1810  he  came  on  foot  to  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  company  with  Noah  Nash,  and  purchased  106  acres  of  land 
from  Elijah  Clark,  located  in  Tioga  valley,  between  Lamb's  Creek  and  Mansfield.  Ee- 
tuming  to  his  native  State,  he  brought  his  family  to  his  new  home  in  Tioga  county 
in  1811,  and  began  the  life  of  a  pioneer.  He  was  a  carpenter,  but  followed  farming  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life.  To  Joshua  and  Sarah  Shaw,  were  bom  seven  children, 
viz:  Mrs.  Ehoda  Burley,  subsequently  Barnes;  Mrs.  Sallie  Eipley,  Vardis,  Mrs.  Polly 
Cleveland,  Eodney  C,  Deborah  and  Daniel  M.,  all  of  whom  are  dead.     The  family 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1095 


were  adherents  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  Mr.  Shaw  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
that  society  in  Sullivan,  township,  the  first  services  being  held  at  the  house  of  Peleg 
Doud,  eight  miles  distant,  whither  they  traveled  through  the  forest  on  horseback. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Shaw  was  an  enthusiastic  Whig.'  He  died  May  34,  1843,  a^ed 
seventy-eight  years.  His  wife  survived  him  eight  years,  dying  May  13,  1850,  in  the 
eighty-third  year  of  her  age. 

Daniel  M.  Shaw  was  bom  in  Massachusetts,  in  1808,  and  came  with  his 
parents  to  Tioga  coimty,  Pennsylvania,  when  about  three  years  old.  He  grew  to 
manhood  upon  the  homestead  farm,  assisting  his  parents  in  the  home  duties,  and  at- 
tending at  intervals  the  pioneer  schools  of  the  neighborhood.  On  January  33j  1835, 
he  married  Jane  Seaman,  a  daughter  of  Gardner  and  Mercy  Seaman,  of  Bradford 
county.  She  was  born  in  that  county  December  8,  1811,  and  became  the  mother  of 
eleven  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The  others  were  named  as  follows: 
Charles  Milton,  Byron  M.,  who  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred  and 
Fifst  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  died  in  the  rebel  prison  at  Florence,  South  Caro- 
lina, in  1865;  Claudia  and  Flavius  J.,  both  deceased.  Freeman,  a  resident  of  Sullivan 
township;  S.  G.,  who  lives  in  Bradford  county;  Martha  A.,  widow  of  E.  H.  Brodrick, 
and  mother  of  two  children,  C.  Eay  and  Eobert  M.;  Mary,  deceased;  Mrs.  SElrah.M. 
Hagar,  of  Eiehmond  township,  and  Mortimer,  deceased.  After  Mr.  Shaw's  marriage, 
he  purchased  ninety  acres  of  land  in  Sullivan  township,  to  which  he  subsequently 
added  until  he  owned  235  acres  of  as  fine  land  as  lays  in  Sullivan  township.  He  was 
originally  a  Whig,  but  cast  his  fortunes  with  the  Eepublican  party  in  1856,  and  re- 
mained so  until  his  death.  He  served  for  many  years  as  a  school  director,  and  was 
one  of  the  useful  citizens  of  the  community.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Universalist 
church,  of  Mansfield,  and  also  of  the  Good  Templars'  society^  of  Mainesburg.  He 
died  April  30, 1884.  His  widow  resides  upon  the  old  homestead,  now  the  property  of 
her  son.  Freeman,  and  Mrs.  Martha  A.  Brodrick,  and  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty- 
five  years,  confidently  awaits  the  call  to  eternal  life. 

Feeeman  Shaw  was  born  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  November  28, 
1843,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  M.  and  Jane  Shaw.  After  completing  a  common  school 
course,  he  settled  down  to  work  upon  his  father's  farm,  and  has  since  devoted  his  at- 
tention to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  dairying,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  successful  and  substantial  citizens  of  the  township.  In  polities,  he  is  an 
active  worker  in  the  Eepublican  party,  but  refuses  to  accept  or  hold  office  of  any 
kind.  He  is  a  member  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  'No.  754, 1.  0.  0.  F.;  also  of  Maines- 
burg Grange,  Ko.  84,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers  of  his  native 
township. 

Charies  Milton  Shaw,  eldest  son  of  Daniel  M.  and  Jane  Shaw,  was  bom  in 
Eiehmond  township,  Tioga  county,  July  24,  1836,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  upon 
his  father's  farm.  In  1855  he  started  on  a  trip  west,  by  way  of  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
located  in  Marquette  county,  Wisconsin.  He  remained  in  that  section  of  the  country 
three  years,  and  then  returned  home,  via  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers  to  Pittsburg, 
and  thence  overland.  He  settled  down  to  farming,  which  occupation  he  has  since 
followed.  He  now  makes  a  specialty  of  dairying,  having  at  all  times  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  head  of  cattle  on  his  farm.  On  December  29,  1859,  Mr.  Shaw  married 
Melissa  E.  Mabie,  a  daughter  of  Levi  Mabie,  of  Sullivan  township.     Her  father  was 


1096  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

a  captain  in  the  Seventieth  New  York  regiment  in  the  War  of  1812.  Eight  children 
were  horn  to  this  union,  viz:  Nettie  E.,  hom  April  23,  1861,  who  married  S.  A. 
Smith,  of  Middlebiiry,  November  22,  1882,  and  has  two  children,  Maude  E.  and 
Kalph  M.;  Bertha  A.,  bom  April  10, 1863,  who  married  Fred  Bryan,  January  1, 1884, 
and  has  one  child,  Eoss  E.;  Charles  M.,  bom  Febraary  22,  1866,  who  married  Ada 
Dewey,  June  8,  1887,  and  has  one  child,  Mabel;  Elmer  M.,  born  May  14,  1870,  who 
married  Florence  Tiers,  Jiine  17,  1891,  and  has  two  children,  Archie  N.  and  Oscax; 
Archie  E.,  bom  November  15,  1872,  and  died  January  15,  1881;  Nellie  E.,  bom 
July  11,  1876,  and  died  January  5,  1881;  Leon  G.,  born  November  7,  1880,  and 
Homer  E.,  October  28,  1883.  Mr.  Shaw  and  family  attend  the  TJniversalist  church, 
and  in  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican.  He  is  a  charter  member  and  one  of  the' 
oldest  living  Past  Grands  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  Worthy 
Master  of  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  84,  P.  of  H.,  to  which  Mrs.  Shaw  also  belongs. 

NoETHEOP  Smith  was  bom  in  Fairfield  county,  Connecticut,  May  4,  1819,  and 
was  a  son  of  Eufus  and  Eunice  (Wilson)  Smith,  early  settlers  of  Sullivan  townshiu 
Tioga  county.  The  Smith  genealogy  runs  as  follows:  John  Smith  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  Eidgefield,  Connecticut.  His  sons  were  Ebenezer,  Samml 
and  Thomas.  The  children  of  the  last  mentioned  were  Jonah,  Hannafi,  Jabes^, 
Gideon,  Isaac,  Thomas  and  David.  Deacon  Thomas  Smith,  son  of  Thomas,  was  tlje 
father  of  Gideon  Smith,  who  married  Sarah  Benedict,  and  died  February  7,  179&. 
Their  son  Elijah,  bom  December  29,  1735,  married  Elizabeth  Benedict,  and  reartd 
seven  children,  viz:  Elizabeth,  Elijah,  Elnathan,  Timothy,  Isaiah,  Phoebe  and  MSt- 
thew.  The  last  was  bom  October  30,  1775,  and  married  Abigail  Benedict,  who  be- 
came the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Samuel  B.,  Eufus,  Polly,  Phoebe  A.,  Norto.- 
rop,  Timothy  and  Nancy.  Eufus  was  born  May  10,  1799,  married  Eunice  Wilson, 
and  reared  the  following  children:  Northrop,  Sarah,  Abigail,  Thomas,  Amandk, 
Solomon,  Elizabeth,  Nancy,  Mary  A.,  Timothy,  Matthew  and  Eube.  Eufus  was  for 
many  years  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county.  Northrop 
Smith  came  to  this  county  with  his  parents  and  became  a  prosperous  farmer  and  mer- 
chant. He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Hannah  J.  Eoblyer.  His  second 
wife  was  Sally  A.  Eoblyer,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  Eoblyer.  She  was  bom  July  29, 
1822,  in  Warwick,  New  York,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine  children,  viz:  Lorena  and 
Diadama,  both  deceased;  Mary  E.,  Clarence  A.,  Augusta,  deceased;  E.  Bell,  Joseph 
N.,  Augustus  B.  and  Mark  S.  Of  these,  Mary  E.,  E.  Bell,  Joseph  N.  and  Augustus 
B.  are  physicians.  In  religion,  Mr.  Smith  was  a  Methodist,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepub- 
lican. He  served  several  terms  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  died  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Sullivan  township. 

Clabence  a.  Smith,  eldest  son  of  Northrop  Smith,  was  born  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  December  7,  1852,  and  there  obtained  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. He  followed  farming  in  Sullivan  until  1880,  when  he  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  lumber,  at  Elk  Bun,  Tioga  county,  in  which  business  he  still  continues. 
He  is  a  mechanic  and  also  a  millwright  by  occupation.  Mr.  Smith  was  married 
November  38, 1875,  to  Edith  Smith,  a  daughter  of  A.  G.  Smith,  and  has  six  children, 
viz:  Louis  N.,  Fred,  Dana,  Atchsee  Marie,  Helena  and  Joseph.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  Eepublican,  has  filled  a  number  of  local  offices,  and  taies  an  active  part 


BIOGHAPHIOAL    SKETCHES.  1097 


in  public  affairs.    He  and  family  are  connected  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
at  Elk  Eun. 

Joseph  E.  Beadford  came  from  Bristol,  Ehode  Island,  to  Smithfield,  Brad- 
ford county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1822,  and  three  years  later  removed  to  Columbia, 
Bradford  county,  where  he  remained  until  1830,  when  he  settled  in  Eutland  town- 
ship, Tioga  county.  Subsequently  returning  to  Columbia,  he  lived  there  until  1836, 
when  he  located  in  Sullivan  township.  He  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life 
upon  his  farm  in  that  township,  dying  in  June,  1867.  In  May,  1822,  Mr.  Bradford 
married  Mary  Monroe,  of  Portsmouth,  Ehode  Island,  who  bore  him  four  children, 
viz:  Levi  D.,  deceased;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Smith,  Daniel,  a  resident  of  Bradford  county, 
and  Leonard  J.,  a  physician  of  Sullivan  township.  Mrs.  Bradford  died  in  February, 
1842,  and  her  husband  remarried  April  16,  1844,  to  Mary  Merrill,  of  Bradford 
county,  who  became  the  mother  of  two  children:  Mrs.  Harriet  E.  Ashley,  deceased, 
dnd  William  H.,  who  lives  at  Wayne,  Nebraska.  The  mother  died  in  June,  1855,  and 
Mr.  Bradford  subsequently  married  Harriet  Gaylord,  of  Covington,  Tioga  county, 
who  is  now  a  resident  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  he  was  first  a  Whig  and  later  a  Ee- 
publican.    In  religion,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Leonard  J.  Bradford,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Eutland  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  October  12, 1833.  After  obtaining  a  common  school  education, 
he  attended  Troy  Academy,  and  later  entered  Hahnemann  Medical  Institute,  of  Phil- 
adelphia. In  November,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy- 
first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  detailed  to  service  in  the  Hospital  Corps, 
because  of  his  knowledge  of  medicine.  He  was  discharged  in  June,  1863,  and  then 
entered  Penn  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1865.  The 
same  year  he  located  in  practice  at  Austinville,  remaining  there  two  years,  and  came 
to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  in  1867,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
active  duties  of  his  profession.  On  September  1,  1875,  Dr.  Bradford  married  Alice 
I.  Dartt,  of  East  Charleston,  Tioga  county,  and  has  five  children,  named  as  follows: 
Bayard  G.,  Carl  M.,  Leonard  J.,  Joseph  D.  and  Chauncey,  all  of  whom  axe  living. 
In  politics,  the  Doctor  is  an  unswerving  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  school  di- 
rector several  terms.  He  is  a  member  of  Trojan  Lodge,  No.  306,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of 
Troy,  also  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  both  he  and  family  are  connected  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  of  Elk  Eun.  Dr.  Bradford  enjoys  quite  a  lucrative  practice,  to 
which  he  devotes  his  principal  attention,  but  is  also  the  owner  of  one  of  the  finest 
dairy  farms  in  the  county. 

Marcus  Strange  was  bom  in  Freetown,  Massachusetts,  December  24,  1798, 
and  was  a  son  of  Capt.  Charles  Strange.  His  grandfather,  John  Strange,  Jr.,  was  a 
son  of  John  Strange,  Sr.,  a  gTandson  of  Lot  Strange,  and  a  great-grandson  of  James 
Strange,  who  came  from  Wales  to  Portsmouth,  Ehode  Island,  in  1694,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  married  Alice  Sherman,  of  that  place.  Marcus  was  reared  in  his 
native  county,  and  in  1828  married  Hannah  Burt,  of  Berkeley,  Massachusetts,  who 
bore  him  nine  children,  as  follows:  Esther,  deceased;  Mrs.  Joanna  Adams,  deceased; 
Marcus,  a  resident  of  Bradford  county;  Charles,  deceased;  Ezekiel,  of  Bradford 
county;  Mrs.  Hannah  Eichmond,  of  Mansfield;  Joseph,  of  Sullivan  township;  Mrs. 
Julia  Eockwell,  of  Burlington,  and  Mrs.  Ellen  Burley,  who  resides  in  Bradford 
county.    In  1838  Mr.  Strange  and  family  located  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county. 


1098  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COCTNTT. 

Pennsylvania,  where  he  purchased  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son  Joseph.  Here  he 
spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  dying  May  20, 1852.  His  widow  survived  him 
until  November  27,  1889.  Mr.  Strange  was  a  Democrat  in  polities,  and  in  religion, 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Joseph  Stkange  was. born  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga 
county,  January  3, 1841,  and  is  the  fourth  son  of  Marcus  Strange.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  his  district  during  his  boyhood  years,  and  then  settled  down  to 
fanning,  which  business  he  has  followed  up  to  the  present.  He  makes  a  specialty  of 
dairying,  and  keeps  about  twenty-iive  head  of  cows.  He  owns  a  fine  farm  in  Gray's 
valley,  and  takes  great  pride  in  keeping  it  in  the  highest  state  of  cultivation. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Strange  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  of  his  towliship. 

Chaeles  Sthange,  second  son  of  Marcus  and  Hannah  Strange,  wasborn  in  Free- 
town, Massachusetts,  March  9, 1835,  and  was  about  three  yeajs  old  when  his  parents 
came  to  Tioga  county.  He  grew  to  manhood  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, attending  the  district  schools  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  after  which  he 
devoted  his  whole  attention  to  farm  work,  which  became  his  life  vocation.  Mr. 
Strange  was  married  to  Marietta  Cooley,  a  daughter  of  Norman  Cooley,  of  Spring- 
field, Bradford  county,  November  24,  1864.  Seven  children  were  the  fruits  of  this 
union,  named  as  follows:  Nellie  D.,  born  December  13,  1865,  and  died  February 
13, 1883;  Mary  E.,  born  June  30, 1869,  who  married  M.  F.  Eose,  of  Mansfield,  August 
6,  1889;  Joseph  N.,  born  February  18,  1871,  who  married  Jane  Eose,  October  17, 
1893;  Charles  H.,  bom  July  13,  1873;  John  C,  May  28,  1875;  Laura  E.,  October 
28,  1881,  and  Julia  H.,  October  12,  1883.  Mr.  Strange  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Eoad  Baptist  church,  and  also  a  "Worthy  Past  Master  of  Sullivan  Grange,  P.  of 
H.  In  politics,  a  stanch  Eepublican,  he  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten  years, 
and  held  several  other  minor  offices.  He  died  February  11,  1892.  His  widow  is 
living  on  the  old  homestead  in  Sullivan  township. 

Chaeles  H.  Steange,  second  son  ot  Charles  Strange,  was  bom  July  13,  1873, 
on  the  homestead  farm  in  Sullivan  township.  After  completing  a  common  school 
education  in  his  native  township,  he  attended  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield, 
and  later  the  Elmira  Business  College,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  his  attention 
to  farming.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  Eepublican;  a  member  of  the  State  Eoad  Baptist 
church,  and  is  connected  with  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754, 1.  0.  0.  F. 

Bateman  Moneoe  was  bom  in  Portsmouth,  Ehode  Island,  March  2,  1815,  and 
from  the  age  of  thirteen  until  he  was  twenty-five,  followed  the  occupation  of  market 
gardener  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island.  When  twenty-five  years  old  he  left  Ehode 
Island  and  came  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  upon 
his  present  farm  in  1840.  At  that  time  the  land  was  covered  with  forest,  but  to-day 
it  is  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  Sullivan  township,  made  so  through  the  energy  and 
untiring  industry  of  Mr.  Monroe.  He  has  been  married  four  times;  In  December, 
1836,  he  married  Hannah  Dyer,  of  Newport,  Ehode  Island,  who  lived  but  ten  months, 
dying  in  October,  1837.  In  December,  1838,  he  married  Jane  Lay,  of  Columbia 
county.  New  York,  who  became  the  mother  of  one  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Charlotte  J. 
Besley,  of  Bradford  county.  Mrs.  Monroe  died  March  18,  1863,  and  July  30th 
following,  he  married  Susan  Besley,  of  Troy,  Bradford  county,  who  survived  until 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1099 


October  26,  1885.  Mr.  Monroe  was  again  married  September  30,  1886,  to  Eliza 
Ayers,  a  daughter  of  Abijali  Ayers,  of  Mansfield,  Tioga  county.  She  died  July  3, 
1896.  In  polities,  Mr.  Monroe  was  a  Democrat  until  1856,  when  he  became  a  Ee- 
publican,  since  which  time  he  has  been  an  active  supporter  of  that  paxty.  He  has 
served  about  thirty  years  as  a  school  director,  and  twenty  years  as  supervisor.  He 
is  now  the  only  living  charter  member  of  Troy  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and 
has  been  junior  warden  of  that  body  many  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0. 
F.,  and  is  Worthy  Past  Master  of  East  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  831,  P.  of  H.,  and  was 
a  charter  member  of  Grange  No.  84,  of  Sullivan  township.  During  the  Eebellion 
he  was  very  active  and  prominent  in  raising  money  for  the  boys  in  blue,  and  did 
all  in  his  power  to  assist  the  government  throughout  those  dark  days  of  civil  strife. 
Mr.  Monroe  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Sullivan  township,  and  boasts  of  the  fact 
that  he  owes  no  man  a  dollar.  He  is  recognized  as  a  man  of  strict  honesty  and 
integrity,  and  is  highly  respected  by  the  people  of  his  adopted  home. 

Chaeles  Smith  came  from  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  about  1840,  and 
settled  near  Maiaesburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  purchasing  a  farm,  upon  which 
he  lived  until  his  death,  in  October,  1885,  aged  eighty-six  years.  On  September 
10,  1833,  he  married  Elizabeth  Thomas,  of  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  to  which 
union  were  bom  ten  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Thomas  and  Isaac, 
both  deceased;  Jackson,  Charles,  deceased;  George,  Mrs.  Mary  Eumsey,  Jonathan, 
William,  Jason  and  James,  the  last  two  deceased.  The  mother  died  in  November, 
1876,  aged  sixty-seven  years.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  Democrat  until  1856,  when  he  sup- 
ported Fremont  for  the  presidency,  and  ever  after  was  an  earnest  Eepublican.  He 
held  various  offices  in  the  township  at  different  periods,  and  both  he  and  family 
were  adherents  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Geohge  Smith,  fifth  son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Smith,  was  bom  in  Jackson, 
New  York,  December  39,  1833,  and  was  in  his  eighth  year  when  his  paxents  located 
in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the  district  schools  of  his  town- 
ship for  about  two  months  in  each  year  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  when  he 
went  to  work  on  the  farm.  He  was  married  March  1,  1853,  to  Mary  Tiers,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Zopher  Tiers,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  four  daughters,  viz:  Josephine, 
wife  of  C.  H.  DeWitt;  Martha,  wife  of  J.  H.  DeWitt;  Mrs.  Lydia  Case,  of  Troy, 
Bradford  county,  and  Mrs.  Ida  Squires.  In  politics,  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Democrat,  and 
the  family  attend  the  Mainesburg  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  a  Worthy 
Past  Master,  of  East  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  831,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  a  striking  example 
of  what  industry  and  energy  can  accomplish  when  properly  directed.  Commencing 
life  a  poor  boy,  he  is  to-day  the  owner  of  four  well-improved  farms,  and  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  township. 

Caleb  H.  DeWitt  was  bom  in  New  Jersey,  in  1830,  obtained  but  a  limited 
education,  and  was  put  to  work  on  the  farm  in  early  boyhood.  After  attaining 
manhood,  he  met  and  married  Mary  Alberts,  a  daughter  of  Peter  Alberts,  of  Mon- 
roe county,  to  which  union  were  bom  five  sons,  viz:  Joseph  H.,  W.  F.,  John  W.,  Cal- 
vin H.,  and  Horace  C,  deceased.  The  family  came  from  Monroe  county  to  Brad- 
ford county,  staying  there  about  one  year,  and  then  removed  to  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  in  1859,  where  the  parents  resided  until  death,  the  father  dying  in 
October,  1880,  and  the  mother  May  31,  1894.     They  were  members  of  Mainesburg 


1100  HISTORY    01?    TIOGA    COITNTY. 


Methodist  Episcopal  ehtiTcli.  In  politics,  Mr.  DeWitt  was  a  Democrat,  but  always 
voted  for  the  man  he  thought  best  fitted  for  the  office. 

Calvin  H.  DeWitt,  fourth  son  of  Caleb  H.  DeWitt,  was  born  in  Monroe 
county,  Pennsylvania,  October  29,  1853,  and  was  in  his  sixth  year  when  his  parents 
located  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the  common  schools, 
and  continued  to  work  upon  the  homestead  farm  until  1873,  in  which  year  he 
entered  a  store  at  Troy,  Bradford  county,  where  he  remained  about  eighteen  months. 
He  then  returned  to  the  farm,  and  followed  fanning  until  1890,  when  he  was  elected 
county  commissioner,  in  which  office  he  served  three  years.  During  his  term  the 
jail,  court  house  and  poor  farm  buildings  were  remodeled  and  fitted  up  with  modem 
conveniences.  On  N"ovember  30,  1873,  Mr.  DeWitt  married  Josephine  Smith,  a 
daughter  of  George  Smith,  of  Sullivan  township,  who  has  borne  him  six  children, 
viz:  Pannie,  George,  Charles,  Jennie,  Ethel  and  Josie.  The  family  are  adherents 
of  Mainesburg  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  Mr.  DeWitt  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  is  also  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  of  Wellsboro.  He  is  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing citizens  of  the  county,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  friends  and  neighbors. 

James  Lay,  youngest  son  of  Edward  Lay,  was  born  at  Sylvania,  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  February  23,  1837.  He  obtained  a  meagre  education,  and 
became  an  apprentice  in  the  tinning  establishment  of  Tabor,  Young  &  Company, 
at  Tioga,  Tioga  county,  in  1854.  After  serving  a  full  term,  he  began  working  as 
a  journeyman,  which  he  followed  a  short  time.  On  August  33,  1857,  he  married 
Hannah  Euggles,  of  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  and  located  at  what  is  now 
known  as  Gray's  Valley.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  all  of 
whom  are  living,  viz:  Orrin  E.,  George  L.  and  William  G.  Mr.  Lay  is  a  stanch 
Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  treasurer  of  his  township  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
and  family  are  members  of  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  to  which  he  is  a  liberal 
contributor.  He  is  a  Past  Grand  in  Sylvan  Lodge,  No.  926, 1.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Sylvania; 
is  Worthy  Past  Master  of  East  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  821,  and  is  also  a  member  of 
the  E.  A.  U.  of  Sylvania. 

Oeein  E.  Lay,  eldest  son  of  James  Lay,  was  bom  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga 
county,  September  35,  1858,  and  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  faxm.  After 
completing  a  common  school  education,  he  engaged  in  farming,  which  business  he 
has  followed  up  to  the  present.  On  November  3,  1887,  he  married  Emma  C. 
Squires,  a  daughter  of  Lafayette  Squires,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  three 
children:  Sarah  E.,  Mary  H.  and  Esther  L.  Mr.  Lay  is  an  axdent  Eepublican, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  Sylvan  Lodge,  No.  936,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Sylvania,  and  of 
East  Sullivan  Grange,  No.  831,  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Though  one  of  the  younger 
farmers  of  the  township,  Mr.  Lay  stands  high  among  his  neighbors  as  a  man  of 
energy  and  public  spirit. 

Geoege  E.  Stauffeb  was  bom  in  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  July  30,  1834, 
and  when  he  was  about  six  months  old  his  parents  moved  to  Frederick  county, 
Maryland.  There  he  resided  until  the  fall  of  1854,  when  he  went  to  Waynesbor- 
ough,  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  two  years  later  located  in  Troy,  Bradford 
county,  where  he  was  employed  in  a  hotel  some  three  yeai"s.  On  June  1,  1859,  he 
moved  to  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  was  married  February  7,  1863, 
to  Alice  M.  Dewey,  a  daughter  of  Sanford  and  Lorena  Dewey.     Mrs.  Stauffer  was 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1101 


bom  April  19,  1848,  and  became  the  mother  of  five  children,  as  follows:  Hamilton 
S.,  Mack  E.,  Maggie  L.,  born  December  12,  1873,  married  Merton  G-.  Rorabaugh, 
fireman  on  the  Pall  Brook  railroad,  who  died  December  13,  1893,  and  his  widow 
resides  in  Mainesburg,  engaged  in  the  millinery  business;  John  G.  and  Grace  J., 
twins,  borii  December  1,  1876,  the  former  a  farmer  living  in  Mainesburg,  and  the 
latter  deceased.  Mr.  StaufCer  moved  to  Mainesburg  April  1,  1864,  in  which  place 
he  carried  on  bl'acksmithing  until  a  short  time  before  his  death.  During  the  first 
year  of  the  war  he  served  in  Company  C,  Second  Maryland  Cavalry,  as  blacksmith, 
and  afterwards  with  Falkner's  brigade.  He  was  captured  at  Frederick  City,  Mary- 
land, in  June,  1863,  but  was  paroled  in  September  and  returned  home.  Mr.  Stauf- 
fer  was  a  member  of  the  Disciples  church  of  Mainesburg.  In  September,  1857,  he 
joined  Madison  Lodge,  No.  466,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  of  Pottstown;  was  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754,  of  the  same  society,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  one  of  the  oldest  living  Past  Grands  of  said  lodge.  In  politics,  he  was 
a  Democrat  up  to  a  recent  date,  but,  during  later  years,  he  acted  with  the  Prohibition 
party.    He  served  in  the  school  board  and  council  for  many  years. 

Hamilton  S.  Statjffee,  eldest  son  of  George  E.  and  Alice  M.  Stauffer,  was 
bom  in  Mainesburg,  Tioga  county,  September  11,  1868.  He  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  in  boyhood,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his  father.  For 
a  time  he  was  a  brakeman  on  the  Fall  Brook  railroad,  but  not  liking  that  calling 
he  returned  to  his  trade  and  worked  with  his  father  and  brother.  Mack  E.,  in  Maines- 
burg. Though  formerly  a  Democrat,  he  is  now  a  Prohibitionist.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Democratic  central  committee,  and  has  served  as  inspector  of  elec- 
tion four  years.  Mr.  Stauffer  is  a  member  of  the  Disciples  church;  is  a  Past  Grand 
in  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  also  a  member  of  lUion  Encamp- 
ment, No.  335,  of  Sylvania.  He  has  represented  his  lodge  in  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  alwaj's  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  society. 

Mack  E.  Stattffee,  son  of  George  E.  and  Alice  M.  Stauffer,  was  bom  in 
Mainesburg,  Tioga  county,  March  11,  1871,  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he  went  to  Ellsworth  county,  Kansas,  and  worked  on 
a  cattle  ranch.  In  the  winter  of  1893  he  returned  to  Mainesburg,  entered  his 
father's  shop  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  he  still  follows.  On 
Febraary  3,  1893,  he  was  married  in  Kansas,  to  Laura  M.  Kuntz.  They  have  one 
child,  Gordon  E. 

James  Lucas  came  from  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  Eichmond  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  in  1856,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  he  passed  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  In  1831  he  married  Phoebe  Bishop,  of  Tompkins  county.  New 
York,  who  bore  him  nine  children,  as  follows:  Uriah,  Mrs.  Millieent  Daney,  Mrs. 
Jane  Greno,  James,  Mrs.  Nancy  Grandy,  Furman,  L.  B.,  Mrs.  Susan  Clark,  and 
Theodosia  Strong.  Mrs.  Grandy,  Furman  and  L.  B.  are  the  only  survivors.  Mr. 
Lucas  was  a  carpenter,  and  in  pursuit  of  that  calling  and  in  farming  he  secured  a 
competence.  Originally  a  Democrat,  he  became  a  Eepublican  prior  to  the  war,  and 
voted  that  ticket  until  his  death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  affiliating 
with  the  lodge  at  Troy.  Mr.  Lucas  died  August  14,  1859,  and  his  wife,  February, 
15,  1876. 


1102  HISTOKY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

L.  B.  Lucas,  son  of  James  and  Phoebe  Lucas,  was  born  in  Wells  township, 
Bradford  county,  May  1,  1837.  When  seventeen  yeaxs  of  age  he  went  to  learn 
the  blacksmith's  trade  with  Van  Loon,  of  Mainesburg,  Pennsylvania.  In  1858  he 
located  at  Daggett  Hollow,  where  he  remained  over  two  years,  and  then  returned 
to  the  old  homestead,  following  agriculture  in  summer  and  his  trad©  in  winter.  In 
1885  he  started  a  shop  in  Mainesburg,  where  he  has  since  devoted  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  his  trade.  In  March,  18C1,  he  married  Adelaide  Kumsey,  of  Sullivaa 
township,  to  which  union  were  bom  five  children,  viz:  Carrie  and  Malcolm,  both 
deceased;  Mrs.  Minnie  Eeynolds,  H.  G.  and  J.  C.  The  mother  died  September 
5,  1870.  Mr.  Lucas  was  again  married  October  33,  1871,  to  Lois  Tice,  of  Tioga 
county,  who  has  borne  him  three  children,  viz:  Eva  Clark,  L.  D.  and  Henry.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Lucas  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  has  served  in  the  council  of  Mainesburg, 
and  also  as  school  director.  He  is  a  Past  Grand  of  Mainesburg  Lodge,  No.  754, 
I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  also  connected  with  Sylvania  Encampment.  Both  he  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  of  Mainesburg. 

Ebv.  James  A.  James  was  bom  at  Swansea,  Wales,  April  35,  1860,  and  is  a 
son  of  James  James.  His  parents  died  in  AVales,  and  he  has  two  sisters  and  one 
brother  who  reside  there.  In  his  boyhood  he  attended  the  public  school  and  Am- 
minford  Academy,  and  later  entered  Arnold  College,  at  Swansea,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1884.  He  then  attended  Haverford  West 
Baptist  Seminary,  graduating  in  the  spring  of  1888,  and  was  shortly  afterwards 
ordained  pastor  of  Pisgah  church,  at  which  place  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1889, 
when  he  resigned  this  charge  and  made  a  tour  of  the  principal  cities  of  England. 
In  the  spring  of  1890  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  to  Philadelphia,  arriving  in  that  city 
about  the  middle  of  May.  In  1891  he  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Jermyn, 
Lackawanna  county,  Pennsylvania,  remaining  there  until  the  fall  of  1893,  when 
he  resigned  to  accept  a  call  from  the  State  Eoad  Baptist  church,  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  of  which  society  he  has  since  been  pastor.  The  church  has 
prospered  greatly  under  his  administration,  adding  sixty-nine  converts  to  its  mem- 
bership, and  now  numbers  164  members.  Mr.  James  is  a  member  of  Mainesburg 
Lodge,  No.  754,  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  in  politics,  he  is  an  unswerving  Eepublican. 

John  A.  Knipple,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Bedford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, August  23,  1840,  there  attended  the  public  schools  in  boyhood,  and  later 
entered  the  Parish  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  graduating  from  that  institu- 
tion in  1860.  He  practiced  in  Altoona  and  vicinity  until  January,  1893,  when  he 
located  in  Mainesburg,  Tioga  county,  where  he  continued  his  professional  duties 
until  his  removal  to  Bellwood,  Blair  county,  in  the  spring  of  1897. 
On  September  6,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Eighty-fourth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  was  discharged  because  of  disability,  in  February,  1863.  He  re- 
enlisted  Febmary  23,  1864,  in  Battery  L,  Third  Heavy  Artillery,  and  received  his 
final  discharge  November  9,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  following  battles:  Bath, 
Blue  Gap,  Eomney,  Harper's  Ferry,  Cumberland  Mountains,  Winchester,  Fredericks- 
burg, Port  Eoyal,  Cross  Keys,  Mechanicsville,  Peach  Orchard,  Cedar  Mountain, 
Haymarket,  Second  Bull  Eun  and  Fairfax  Court  House.  On  December  25,  1860, 
he  married  Martha  Benton,  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Benton,  of  Bedford  county, 
to  which  union  were  bom  seven  children,  viz:    Jacob,  Catherine,  deceased;  Grant, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1103 


William,  Frederick,  Harvey  E.,  deceased,  and  Julianetta.  He  married  for  his  second 
wife  Nancy  J.  Wertz,  a  daughter  of  William  Wertz,  of  Loop,  Blair  county,  to  which 
union  were  born  four  children,  viz:  James  Garfield,  Ella  E.,  deceased;  Grace  and 
David.  Mrs.  Knipple  died  April  18,  1890.  Dr.  Knipple  belongs  to  the  Mennonite 
church,  and  he  is  an  ardent  Prohibitionist,  giving  that  party  his  support  at  all  times. 
He  is  a  member  of  Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  K. 

RUTLAND    TOWNSHIP. 

Jesse  Smith  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Rutland  township,  Tioga  county, 
coining  from  Delaware  county,  New  York,  in  the  year  1808.  He  was  compelled 
to  cut  his  way  through  the  unbroken  forest  for  several  miles,  as  there  were  few 
settlers  in  this  section  of  Tioga  county  at  that  early  day.  He  brought  with  him 
his  young  wife,  Annes,  daughter  of  William  Werden,  of  Delaware  county.  New  York, 
and  together  they  shared  the  trials  and  hardships  of  a  pioneer  life.  They  were 
the  parents  of  twelve  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz:  Morris,  Mrs. 
Margaret  Ashley,  who  resides  in  Minnesota;  John,  Tristam,  William,  George  W.,  a 
resident  of  Missouri,  and  Warren.  The  deceased  are  Isaac,  Mrs.  Dolly  Ann  Wood, 
Leviza,  Silas  and  Jesse.  Mr.  Smith  and  wife  were  consistent  members  of  Eutland 
Hill  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  which  he  was  a  class  leader  and  trustee  for 
forty-five  years.  The  first  Methodist  services  in  Tioga  county  were  held  in  the 
double-log  house  of  Jesse  Smith  in  the  year  1813.  The  preacher  came  from  Spring- 
field, Bradford  county,  and  afterwards  held  services  at  Lamb's  Creek  and  Wellsboro, 
making  a  circuit  of  the  three  charges.  In  early  manhood  Mr.  Smith  was  an  ardent 
Democrat,  later  changed  to  a  Whig,  and  when  the  Republican  party  was  formed 
he  cast  his  fortunes  with  that  organization.  Mr.  Smith  died  May  35,  1871,  aged 
eighty-six  years,  nine  months  and  fifteen  days.  His  wife  died  January  35, 1874,  aged 
eighty-five  years,  two  months  and  nine  days. 

MoEEis  Smith,  second  son  and  eldest  living  child  of  Jesse  and  Annes  Smith, 
was  bom  in  Rutland  township,  Tioga  county,  April  13, 1809,  and  is  the  oldest  living 
inhabitant  bom  within  the  confines  of  the  township.  He  has  always  followed  agri- 
culture, with  the  exception  of  a  short  period  that  he  was  engaged  with  his  brother 
John  in  the  carpenter's  business.  On  February  3, 1833,  Mr.  Smith  married  Matilda 
Gaylord,  a  daughter  of  Elijah  Gaylord,  to  which  union  were  bom  two  children,  viz: 
Erastus,  deceased,  and  Sanford,  who  has  charge  of  his  father's  farm.  Mrs.  Smith 
died  June  16,  1872,  and  he  was  again  married,  December  10,  1873,  to  Emeline 
Black,  a  daughter  of  John  Black,  of  Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  and  wife  are 
adherents  of  Eutland  Hill  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  which  Mr.  Smith  has 
been  a  trustee  for  about  forty  years.  In  early  manhood  he  was  a  Democrat,  but 
became  a  Whig  with  his  father,  and  is  at  present  a  firm  believer  in  the  principles 
of  the  Republican  party.  At  different  times  he  has  refused  to  accept  offices  tendered 
him,  believing  he  could  serve  his  party  better  as  a  private  citizen. 

William  Smith,  fifth  son  of  Jesse  Smith,  was  bom  in  Rutland  township,  Tioga 
county,  October  3,  1818,  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  township,  and  has  always 
followed  farming.  On  August  30,  1843,  he  married  Dorothy  Allen,  to  which  union 
were  bom  four  children,  named  as  follows:  Mrs.  Alzima  Wood,  Mrs.  Susan  Wilson, 
Jesse  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Wheeler.     Mrs.  Smith  died  about  1855,  and  on  March  1, 


]^']^Q4  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA   COUNTY. 


1859,  he  married  Eliza  A.  Loomis,  a  daughter  of  John  Loomis.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  are  members  of  Eutland  Hill  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  is  a  Jack- 
sonian  Democrat,  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  principles  of  his  party,  and  is  one  of 
the  progressive  citizens  of  his  native  township. 

Eeynolds  Sixbee  was  bom  in  Jefferson,  Wisconsin,  in  the  year  1819,  and 
about  1840  came  east  and  settled  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  found 
employment  with  Major  Daggett,  whose  daughter,  Hannah,  he  married  ia  1841, 
and  with  his  wife  came  on  a  sled  into  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county,  settling  in 
the  midst  of  an  unbroken  forest.  He  erected  a  cabin  and  began  clearing  the  place 
now  known  as  the  Sixbee  fai-m.  In  those  days  game  was  very  abundant,  and  it  was 
a  common  thing  for  him  to  go  out  and  shoot  a  deer  or  two  before  breakfast.  He 
had  for  playmates  for  his  children  five  tame  deer,  two  old  ones  and  three  fawns, 
and  he  very  frequently  used  these  deer  for  the  purpose  of  trapping  wild  ones.  In 
later  years  Mr.  Sixbee  worked  at  blacksmithing  and  lumbering  in  connection  with 
his  farm  duties.  Of  his  seven  children,  two  died  in  infancy,  and  five  are  living, 
viz:  Mrs.  Emma  Horton,  of  South  Creek,  New  York;  Mrs.  Sadie  Horton,  of  Mbjis- 
field;  Mrs.  Delia  Lebarron;  Floyd,  and  Mrs.  Belle  McConnell,  of  Eutland  township. 
Mrs.  Sixbee  died  February  11, 1893,  and  her  husband,  October  2,  1895.  In  religion, 
he  was  a  Methodist,  and  in  politics,  an  earnest  Eepublican.  He  was  one  of  the 
substantial  citizens  of  Eutland  township,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  his  neighbors. 

Ulysses  Chambeelain  was  bom  in  Vermont,  came  to  Tioga  county  in  the 
year  1850,  and  purchased  the  farm  on  which  his  widow  now  resides,  in  Eutland 
township.  He  was  for  a  short  time  engaged  in  Itimbering  in  Cameron  county,  but 
the  greater  part  of  his  life  was  passed  upon  his  farm.  In  1852  he  married  Char- 
lotte Benson,  a  daughter  of  John  Benson.  Ten  children  were  bom  to  this  union, 
nine  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  George, Thomas,  John, Edward,  David,  Floyd,  Charles, 
Nathan  and  Frederick.  Mr.  Chamberlain  was  a  Jaeksonian  Democrat,  and  a  stanch 
supporter  of  Democratic  principles.  Though  not  a  member  of  any  church,  he  was 
a  diligent  student  of  the  Bible  to  the  day  of  his  death. 

Floyd  Chambeelain,  sixth  son  of  Ulysses  Chamberlain,  was  bom  in  Eut- 
land township,  Tioga  county,  March  32,  1863.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
in  boyhood,  and  later  took  charge  of  the  homestead,  which  is  now  one  of  the  finest 
farms  in  Eutland  township.  Like  his  father,  Mr.  Chamberlain  is  a  stanch  Dem- 
ocrat, but  has  firmly  refused  to  accept  office,  though  frequently  tendered  him.  He 
is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Eutland,  and  stands  high  in  the  community  where 
his  whole  life  has  been  passed. 

Laben  L.  Eockwell  came  from  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  Eutland 
township,  Tioga  county,  in  1853,  and  bought  a  farm  on  what  is  known  as  Pumpkin 
Hill,  where  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  were  spent.  He  was  married  in  Brad- 
ford county,  January  15,  1831,  to  Mary  Elliott,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz: 
Philander,  Mrs.  Clarinda  Harkness  and  Mrs.  Lavina  Doud.  Mrs.  Eockwell  died 
September  14,  1838,  and  he  was  again  married  July  16,  1839,  to  Betsey  Newell, 
of  Troy,  Bradford  county.  Two  .children  were  the  fruits  of  this  union,  viz:  Mrs. 
Mary  Webster,  and  Sarah,  deceased.  On  September  18,  1833,  the  mother  died,  and 
Mr.  Eockwell  subsequently  married  Nancy  Wilson,  a  daughter  of  George  Wilson, 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1105 


and  sister  of  the  late  Judge  S.  F.  Wilson,  of  Wellsboro.  Five  children  were  born  to 
this  marriage,  riz:  Catherine  and  Eebecca,  both  deceased;  Aletta,  wife  of  Lafayette 
Gray;  Almira,  deceased,  and  Laseelle,  of  Columbia,  Bradford  county.  Mr.  Eoek- 
well  died  on  his  farm  in  Rutland  township,  December  34,  1854.  His  widow  sur- 
vived him  until  January  19,  1891.  He  was  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  the  family 
were  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  in  which  faith  he  lived  and  died. 

J.  Mack  Swbelt,  son  of  David  Sweely,  was  bom  in  Susquehanna  township,  Ly- 
coming county,  Pennsylvania,  July  4,  1853.  He  obtained  a  limited  education  in 
the  common  schools,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm.  On  February  35,  1873,  he  married 
Emma  Knoor,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Knoor,  of  Clinton  county.  Ten  children  have 
been  bom  to  this  union,  named  as  follows:  Leonard,  Nellie,  Maude,  Theresa,  Ellen, 
Eose,  Mable,  Elsie,  J.  Mack,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.  The  family  are  ad- 
herents of  the  Baptist  church  at  Eoseville.  Mr.  Sweely  is  a  member  of  Job's 
Corners  Grange,  No.  1110,  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  is  also  the  charter  Sir 
Knight  Commander  of  Eutland  Tent,  No.  87,  K.  0.  T.  M.  Locating  in  Eutland 
township,  Tioga  county,  in  1879,  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming,  and  now 
makes  a  specialty  of  dairying,  keeping  at  all  times  over  forty  head  of  cattle.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Sweely  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  suc- 
cess of  his  party. 

Benjamin  A.  Haeeis,  son  of  Levi  B.  Harris,  was  born  in  LeEoy,  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  February  37,  1853.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  place  until  1866,  when  his  parents  removed  to  Waxrensville,  Pennsylvania. 
In  1868  he  returned  to  LeEoy,  where  he  learned  the  milling  trade  with  his  uncle, 
Amos  Harris.  In  1879  he  came  to  Eutland  township,  Tioga  county,  and  in  1890 
purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now  resides.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  dairying, 
sheep  raising  and  lumbering,  and  in  the  last  four  years  he  has  manufactured  and 
disposed  of  over  3,500,000  shingles.  On  November  11,  1879,  Mr.  Harris  married 
Eosetta  E.  Colby,  a  daughter  of  James  W.  Colby,  and  has  had  one  daughter,  Nettie 
May,  bom  December  17, 1880,  and  died  January  37,  1884.  Mr.  Harris  is  an  ardent 
Eepublican,  in  polities,  and  is  a  charter  member  of  Eutland  Tent,  No.  87,  K. 
0.  T.  M. 

Eev.  John  C.  Ceotttheb  was  born  in  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  November 
34, 1859,  son  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  Crowther.  He  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation. When  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  he  commenced  evangelistic  work,  and 
continued  in  the  same  for  about  fifteen  years,  in  and  about  New  York.  He  took 
work  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Conference,  Elmira  district,  and  was  assigned  to 
Millerton,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  which  place  he  had  gratifying  success. 
He  was  next  assigned  to  the  circuit  comprising  the  Methodist  Episcopal  churches 
at  Eoseville,  Eutland  Hill,  and  Lawrence  Corners,  all  within  the  boundaries  of 
Tioga  county.  During  his  pastorate  the  church  at  Eoseville  has  nearly  doubled 
its  membership,  gaining  140  converts  in  the  past  two  years.  Mr.  Crowther  has 
also  erected  a  neat  parsonage  and  bam  at  Eoseville,  and  both  spiritually  and  ma- 
terially his  charge  is  to-day  in  a  flourishing  condition.  On  August  3,  1883,  he 
was  married  at  Seymour,  Connecticut,  to  Hattie  E.  Hickox,  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
Hiekox,  and  a  grand-daughter  of  Eev.  Samuel  Hickox,  who  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  at  Waterbury,  Connecticut.  Two  children 
blessed  this  union,  Fannie  May,  and  Charles  L.,  the  latter  deceased.  After  being 
70 


23^06  HISTOEY    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


an  invalid  for  eleven  years,  Mrs.  Crowther  died  February  9,  1895.  Mr.  Crowther  was 
again  married  February  11,  1896,  to  Lena  Walters,  a  daughter  of  John  Walters,  of 
Mansfield. 

HiKAM  Johns  was  born  in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1832.  His  father,  Seely  Johns,  came  from  Massachusetts  to  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  about  1826,  and  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  in  this  county. 
He  had  a  family  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Sanford,  James  an,d  Hiram,  both  de- 
ceased; Sylvia,  wife  of  W.  A.  Eockwell;  William,  Moses  and  Seely,  all  of  whom  are 
dead;  John  B.,  a  resident  of  Missouri,  and  Charles,  who  lives  in  Mansfield,  Tioga 
county.  Hiram  Johns  married  Theresa  Morehouse,  a  daughter  of  T.  W.  and  A.  M. 
Morehouse,  of  Jersey  City,  !N"ew  Jersey,  to  which  union  was  born  one  son,  Thomas 
W.  During  the  war  period,  Mr.  Johns  was  superintendent  of  schools  of  Tioga 
county.  He  later  removed  to  Lamed,  Kansas,  where  he  practiced  law  until  his 
death. 

Thomas  W.  Johns  was  bom  in  Williamsport,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania, 
June  27,  1869,  and  is  the  only  child  of  Hiram  Johns.  He  obtained  a  good  com- 
mon school  education,  and  afterwards  attended  Alfred  University.  He  then  went 
to  Lamed,  Kansas,  where  he  studied  law  with  his  father,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  April,  1893.  For  a  short  time  he  practiced  at  Hutchison,  Kansas,  and  returned 
to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  in  July,  1893.  In  April,  1894,  he  removed  to  Eut- 
land  township,  Tioga  county,  and  has  since  resided  on  a  farm.  Mr.  Johns  is  a 
strong  Eepublican,  and  a  man  of  enterprise  and  public  spirit.  He  makes  the 
growing  of  poultry  and  fruit  a  specialty,  and  devotes  his  attention  to  agricultural 
pursuits. 

Collins  W.  Sopee  was  a  native  of  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
parents  were  among  the  early  settlers.  His  mother,  during  a  trip  to  Elmira  on 
horseback,  was  pursued  and  driven  into  a  deserted  house  by  a  pack  of  wolves,  and 
kept  there  all  one  bitter  cold  night.  Soon  after  daybreak  the  following  morning 
help  arrived  and  she  was  enabled  to  proceed  on  her  journey,  not  much  the  worse 
of  her  adventure,  except  for  being  nearly  frozen.  This  incident  illustrates  the 
trials  and  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  When  quite  young,  Collins  W.  attended  school 
at  Southport,  New  York,  intending  to  enter  a  profession,  but  before  he  had  com- 
pleted his  studies  he  was  called  home  by  his  father  to  take  charge  of  the  farm. 
Mr.  Soper  possessed  a  natural'  tact  for  acquiring  and  saving,  was  very  successful, 
and  divided  among  his  sons  over  500  acres  of  land.  He  married  Didamia  Harris, 
a  native  of  Vermont,  and  reared  five  sons,  viz:  Elwyn,  Walter,  Ward  B.,  Llewellyn 
and  Morton.  Mr.  Soper  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  filled  several  township  offices  at 
different  periods,  and  served  one  term  as  county  commissioner  of  Bradford  coimty. 
He  died  December  33,  1893,  aged  seventy-six  years.  His  wife  survivd  him  until 
September  35,  1895. 

Waed  B.  Sopee  was  bom  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  100  rods 
east  of  where  he  now  lives,  April  16, 1852,  and  is  the  third  son  of  Collins  W.  Soper.. 
He  attended  the  district  schools  in  boyhood,  and  later  engaged  in  farming,  working  at 
the  mason's  and  painter's  trades  at  intervals.  On  December  1,  1880,  he  married 
Isadore  Sharpe,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  Sharpe,  of  Orange  county.  New  York,  and  has 
two  adopted  children,  Laura  May  and  Clara  Belle,  daughters  of  John  B.  Clark. 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1107 


Mr.  Soper  and  wife  attend  the  Baptist  church  of  Roseville,  and,  like  his  father, 
he  is  an  ardent  Democrat.  He  has  never  held  an  office  or  belonged  to  any  secret  or- 
ganization, and  is  one  of  the  progressive  farmers  of  the  township. 


CHAPTER  LXY. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

Covington   Tov^nship  and  Borough— The  Blossbueg  Coal   Region— Liberty 
AND  Union  Tovtnships— Morris  Tov^nship. 


Aaron  Bloss,  the  foimder  of  Blossburg,  was  a  native  of  Killingby,  Connec- 
ticut, born  May  29,  1775.  His  father,  Samuel  Bloss,  was  a  great-grandson  of  Ed- 
ward Bloss,  who  came  from  England  to  America  about  1630.  Aaron  came  from  Che- 
nango coimty.  New  York,  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  July,  1801,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Covington  township.  Thef  oUowing  year  he  removed  to  "Peter's 
Camp,"  a  station  on  the  Williamson  road,  now  the  site  of  Blossburg,  where  he  erected 
a  house  in  which  he  conducted  a  hotel  until  1830.  In  that  year  he  built  a  larger 
hotel  and  continued  the  business  up  to  1835,  when  he  returned  to  Covington,  and 
died  March  24,  1843.  Mr.  Bloss  married  Ruah  Lownsbery,  to  whom  were  born 
nine  children.  Four  of  these  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Everett  W.,  Lloyd, 
Eliza  and  Caroline.  Mrs.  Bloss  died  April  17,  1839,  aged  sixty-seven  years.  Mr. 
Bloss  was  a  man  of  strong  common  sense,  great  determination  and  courage,  an  expert 
woodsman  and  hunter,  patient,  shrewd  and  far-seeing.  Such  was  the  pioneer 
of  Covington  and  Blossburg,  the  first  man  to  settle  in  the  unbroken  wilderness 
then  covering  this  section  of  the  county. 

Everett  Winter  Bloss  was  born  in  Whitestown,  Oneida  county.  New  York, 
September  20,  1800,  eldest  son  of  Aaron  Bloss.  He  was  reared  at  Blossburg,  Tioga 
county,  and  in  youth  became  an  expert  hunter.  In  early  manhood  he  spent  some 
time  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  also  worked  at  shoemaking.  In  1839  he  removed 
from  Blossburg  to  a  farm  on  the  river,  a  short  distance  above  Covington,  and  five 
years  later  located  on  the  present  Bloss  farm,  where  he  purchased  120  acres  of 
forest  land,  upon  which  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life,  engaged  in  clearing 
and  improving  the  property.  He  died  September  29,  1882,  aged  eighty-two  years, 
at  the  home  of  J.  D.  Burr,  in  Blossburg.  He  married  Lydia  Walker,  a  daughter 
of  Isaac  Walker,  who  bore  him  five  children,  as  follows:  Julia  E.,  wife  of  Joseph 
Husted,  of  Covington  township;  Josephine  M.,  deceased  wife  of  William  Singer- 
land;  Randolph  P.,  who  died  on  the  old  homestead;  Warren  W.,  deceased,  and 
Clara  A.,  wife  of  John  Everett,  of  Covington.  Mrs.  Bloss  was  born  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, May  27, 1807,  and  died  in  Covington,  at  the  home  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Clara 
A.  Everett,  September  16,  1887. 


1108  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Eandoiph  F.  Bloss,  eldest  son  of  Everett  Winter  Bloss,  and  grandson  of  Aaron 
Bloss,  was  born  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  comity,  September  6,  1830,  and  was  nine  years 
old  when  his  parents  removed  to  Covington  township.  In  1855  he  married  Mary 
Peritor,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Edie  E.,  born  August 
8, 1861,  who  married  J.  D.  Burr,  of  Blossburg,  and  died  August  14, 1895,  and  Myrtle 
E.,  born  April  5, 1867,  who  from  early  womanhood  was  a  great  sufferer  from  spinal 
disease,  and  died  February  1,  1895.  Both  were  earnest  Christian  women.  Mr. 
Bloss  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  in  politics,  a  Eepublican. 
He  died  on  the  homestead  in  Covington  township,  October  3,  1896,  aged  sixty-six 
years. 

Datid  Clemons  is  acknowledged  to  have  opened  the  first  coal  mine  on  Bear 
creek,  at  Blossburg,  early  in  the  present  century,  hauling  an  occasional  load  of  coal 
overland  to  Painted  Post.  He  was  bom  on  the  banks  of  Lake  Champlain,  in  Ver- 
mont, a  son  of  Thomas  demons,  and  received  a  good  education.  In  eaxly  life  he 
followed  school  teaching,  and  married  a  Miss  Mallory,  who  died  in  Vermont  in 
1803,  leaving  three  children,  Camelia,  Colbum  and  Alanson.  In  1806  he  came  to 
Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  about  three  miles  above  the  site  of  Cov- 
ington borough,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  W.  J.  Eichards.  Soon  after  locating 
here  he  married  Euth  Eeynolds,  also  a  native  of  Vermont,  who  became  the  mother 
of  five  children,  viz:  "William,  deceased;  Susan,  who  lives  with  her  sister,  Mrs. 
Ames,  in  Covington  township;  Cuyler,  deceased;  Eoxanna,  widow  of  Horatio  W. 
Ames,  and  James,  a  retired  farmer  of  Covington  township.  Besides  operating  ia 
coal  to  some  extent,  Mr.  demons  also  cleared  and  improved  a  small  farm,  upon 
which  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1833. 

Alanson  Clbmons,  youngest  child  of  David  demons'  first  marriage,  was  bom 
in  Vermont,  April  3,  1803,  and  was  but  three  years  old  when  his  father  located  in 
the  forest  then  covering  Covington  township.  He  remained  with  his  father  until 
twenty-three  years  of  age,  when  he  bought  a  farm  west  of  the  river,  on  the  present 
Copp  Hollow  road,  where  he  cleared  and  improved  some  200  acres,  being  one  of  the 
successful  farmers  of  the  community.  He  married  Luthania,  a  daughter  of  John 
Copp,  who  became  the  mother  of  ten  children,  as  follows:  Sally  A.,  widow  of  An- 
drew J.  Clark,  of  Iforth  Dakota;  Lucy,  deceased  wife  of  G.  M.  Butler,  of  Covington 
township;  Thomas,  a  resident  of  Blossburg;  Holland,  George  and  David,  all  farmers 
in  Covington  township;  Orrin,  who  died  in  infancy;  Laumon,  a  contractor  of  Bloss- 
burg, and  Nelson  N.  and  William  S.,  farmers  of  Covington  township.  Mr.  Clemens 
and  wife  were  earnest  workers  in  the  Christian  church.  He  died  February  3, 
1867,  and  his  wife,  October  17, 1880. 

Holland  Clemons,  second  son  of  Alanson  demons,  and  grandson  of  David 
demons,  the  pioneer,  was  born  in  Covington  township,  Tioga  county,  August  10, 
1834,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  farmers  of  his  native  township. 
He  remained  on  the  homestead  farm  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  then  bought 
fifty-six  acres  of  his  present  place,  to  which  he  has  since  added,  until  he  is  now  the 
owner  of  132  acres  of  well-improved  land.  On  April  17,  1858,  he  married  Martha 
Walker,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  Walker.  She  was  bom  in  the  Frost  settlement,  June 
27,  1830,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  viz:  Frank  L.,  bom  February  14,  1862, 
who  died  March  29,  1891,  leaving  a  widow,  Mrs.  Ida  (Ely)  Clemons;  and  Mary  I., 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1109 


wife  of  W.  H.  Olney,  of  Mansfieldj  who  has  three  children,  Charles  H.,  Frank  L. 
and  Dee  H.  Frank  L.  demons  was  educated  at  WeUsboro,  graduating  in  the  class 
of  1881,  and  was  soon  after  appointed  deputy  sheriff.  He  served  in  that  ofBce  eight 
months,  after  which  he  taught  two  terms  in  the  home  school,  and  then  became 
principal  of  the  Covington  graded  school.  He  subsequently  became  book-keeper 
and  paymaster  of  the  Cedar  Eun  Tanning  Company,  at  Leetonia,  and  two  years 
later  store  manager.  He  had  been  promised  the  appointment  of  superintendent 
of  the  Leetonia  plant,  but  death  cut  short  his  promising  career.  Mrs.  Holland 
demons  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Christ.  In  politics,  Mr.  demons  is  a  Ke- 
publican,  has  filled  the  offices  of  treasurer,  school  director,  assessor  and  supervisor 
in  Covington  township,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grange. 

Isaac  Walker,  a  native  of  Shirley,  Massachusetts,  was  bom  March  18,  1767^ 
a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Stratton)  Walker.  His  father  was  bom  in  Massachusetts, 
August  30,  1721,  and  was  a  son  of  Seth  and  Eleanor  (Chandler)  Walker,  a  grand- 
son of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Wyman)  Walker,  and  great-grandson  of  Samuel  Walker, 
who  came  from  England  to  America  in  1630,  with  his  father,  Capt.  Eichard  Walker, 
also  a  native  of  England,  and  the  founder  of  this  branch  of  the  Walker  family  in 
America.  Isaac  was  reared  in  his  native  place,  and  married  Polly  Porter,  of  Charles- 
ton, New  Hampshire.  They  located  at  Langdon,  New  Hampshire,  where  eleven 
children  were  bom  to  them,  as  follows:  Eoyal,  Isaac,  Polly,  Asahel,  Stratton, 
Luther,  Lewis,  Eoswell,  Lydia,  James  and  Cynthia.  Of  these  Isaac,  Asahel,  Eoswell 
and  Cynthia  removed  from  Covington  to  Illinois.  In  1813  Isaac  Walker  and  family 
came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  located  on  what  is  now  the  Charles  How- 
land  farm,  in  Covington  borough.  Here  he  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life> 
dying  July  25,  1839.  His  wife  died  March  24,  1847,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy- 
eight  years.  They  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Covington,  and  their  descendants 
are  among  the  leading  and  respected  people  of  the  community  which  they  helped  to 
found. 

EoTAL  Walker,  eldest  son  of  Isaac  Walker,  was  born  at  Langdon,  New  Hamp- 
shire, January  14, 1796,  and  was  seventeen  years  old  when  the  family  came  to  Tioga 
county.  He  married  Eachel  Johnson,  of  Bradford  county,  and  resided  on  the  farm 
settled  by  his  father  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  To  Eoyal  and  Eachel  Walker 
were  bom  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are  dead,  viz:  Samuel  S.,  for  forty-six  years 
an  engineer  on  the  Erie  railroad;  Eliza,  deceased  wife  of  Charles  Howland,  of 
Covington;  William,  who  died  in  Australia;  James  P.,  a  conductor  on  the  Erie 
railroad  for  many  years;  Henry  E.,  a  fireman  on  the  same  road,  who  was  killed  in 
a  wreck;  Elmina,  Elvina  and  Zilphia.  Mr.  Walker  died  at  Covington  October  16, 
1875,  in  which  place  his  wife  had  died  August  30,  1842. 

Stratton  Walker,  fifth  child  of  Isaac  Walker,  was  bom  in  Langdon,  New 
Hampshire,  July  14,  1801,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county  in  boyhood; 
He  was  reared  in  Covington,  and  subsequently  purchased  a  tract  of  timber  land 
adjoining  the  farm  of  his  brother,  Lewis,  with  whom  he  made  his  home  while 
clearing  and  improving  his  property.  He  was  a  sufferer  from  curvature  of  the 
spine,  and  consequently  never  married.  He  spent  his  later  life  with  his  nephew, 
Lewis  E.  Walker,  to  whom  he  had  rented  his  farm,  and  died  Febrtrary  14,  1880,  in 
his  seventy-ninth  year. 


1110  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    C0T7NTT. 

Lewis  Walkee,  seventh  child  of  Isaac  Walker,  was  horn  at  Langdon,  New 
Hampshire,  December  15,  1803,  came  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county,  and  re- 
mained working  on  the  home  farm  until  he  was  twenty-three  years  old.  He  then 
bought  100  acres  of  timber  land  two  miles  east  of  CoTington  borough,  and  building 
thereon  a  rude  cabin,  he  took  up  his  residence  on  his  purchase  and  began  the  work 
of  clearing  and  improviag  it.  Mr.  Walker  became  a  well-known  and  successful 
farmer,  a  good  business  man  and  a  highly  respected  citizen.  December  14,  1826,  he 
married  Isabel  Butler,  of  Vermont,  who  shared  with  him  the  trials  and  hardships  of 
pioneer  life.  They  became  the  parents  of  ten  children,  named  as  follows:  Elizabeth, 
deceased  wife  of  Charles  Jaquish;  Emmeline,  deceased  wife  of  J.  G.  Noble;  Martha, 
wife  of  Holland  demons,  of  Covington  township;  Olive,  wife  of  Charles  Marvin, 
of  Bradford  county;  Lewis  E.,  of  Covington  township;  Ellis,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
two  years;  Isaac  D.,  who  died  at  NashviUe,  Tennessee,  July  37,  1864,  while  a 
soldier  in  the  Union  army;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Benajah  Wilcox,  of  Coming,  New 
York;  James,  who  died  in  Andersonville  Prison  during  the  Eebellion,  and  Milton 
R.,  who  lives  on  a  part  of  the  old  homestead.  In  politics,  Mr.  Walker  was  a  Demo- 
crat, and  in  religion,  both  he  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Christian  church.  He 
died  June  17,  1870,  and  his  wife,  December  23,  1876. 

Lewis  Eandall  Walkee,  oldest  son  of  Lewis  and  Isabel  (Butler)  Walker, 
was  bom  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Covington  township,  Tioga  county,  December 
1,  1834.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  1861,  when  he  began  for  himself  on  a  rented  farm.  In  the  autumn  of  1862  he 
located  on  his  present  farm,  then  owned  by  his  uncle,  Stratton  Walker,  where  he 
has  since  been  engaged  in  general  farming.  On  December  26,  1860,  Mr.  Walker 
married  Arvilla  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  John  H.  Wilcox.  She  was  bom  in  Delmar 
township,  May  28, 1842,  and  became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Henry 
E.,  a  tinsmith,  residing  in  Coming;  James  A.,  a  hardware  merchant  of  WoodhuU, 
New  York;  Isaac  D.,  a  farmer  of  (ribson,  New  York;  O'ra  J.,  a  farmer  of  the  same 
place;  Eva  A.,  wife  of  Ealph  VanKeuren,  of  Gibson;  Lewis  S.,  who  died  in  child- 
hood; Earl  S.,  a  teacher  in  New  York  state;  Martha  A.,  who  is  employed  in  the 
State  Normal  School,  at  Mansfield,  and  Alfred  G.,  who  lives  in  Gibson.  Mrs. 
Walker  was  an  active  member  of  the  Christian  church.  She  died  March  14,  1882. 
Mr.  Walker  was  again  married  February  24,  1883,  to  Louisa  Miller,  a  daughter  of 
Isaac  Miller,  of  Potter  county,  who  bore  him  four  children,  viz:  Porter  N.,  Mary 
E.,  Jessie  Q.  and  Eandall  C.  Mrs.  Walker  died  on  August  21,  1894.  She  was  a 
consistent  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Covington.  For  twenty  years  Mr. 
Walker  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  Politically,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has 
held  most  of  the  township  offices  at  different  periods. 

Milton  E.  Walkee,  youngest  child  of  Lewis  and  Isabel  Walker,  was  bom 
on  his  present  farm  in  Covington  township,  June  14, 1846,  and  has  spent  his  entire 
life  upon  the  homestead,  which  contains  seventy-four  acres  and  is  well-improved. 
May  4, 1872,  he  married  Hannah  M.  Wilcox,  a  daughter  of  Benajah  Wilcox.  She  was 
bom  August  30,  1850,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children,  as  follows:  Cora  M., 
William  J.,  Lewis,  Isabel  and  Hannah  M.  Mrs.  Walker  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  three  years  as  school  director 
and  one  year  as  treasurer  of  the  school  board. 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  HH 


James  Walkee,  youngest  son  of  Isaac  Walker,  was  bom  at  Langdon,  New 
Hampshire,  April  33,  1809,  and  was  only  four  years  old  when  the  family  settled  in 
Covington  township,  where  he  attended  school  in  the  pioneer  log  building  of  that 
locality.  After  attaining  manhood  he  purchased  a  small  farm,  and  also  worked 
in  a  sash  and  blind  factory  at  Covington  for  a  few  years.  He  later  took  up  the  car- 
penter's trade,  and  subsequently  sold  his  property  in  Covington  and  bought  a 
farm  in  the  eastern  part  of  Covington  township,  which  he  afterwards  disposed 
of  and  moved  to  Blossburg,  where  lie  was  employed  for  about  twenty  years  as 
foreman  of  the  carpenter  department  in  the  shops  of  the  Tioga  Eailroad  Company. 
In  1884  he  retired  from  active  labor,  and  resided  with  his  son,  Delos  H.,  up  to  his 
death,  July  18,  1887.  Mr.  Walker  married  Eliza  Hazleton,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
Hazleton,  of  Townsend,  Vermont,  who  bore  him  three  children,  viz:  Delos  H., 
of  Covington  township;  Roswell  A.,  who  died  at  Belle  Plains,  Virginia,  December 
9,  1863,  while  a  soldier  in  Company  C,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-second  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Alfred  T.  James,  of  Philipsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania.   Mrs.  Walker  died  at  the  home  of  her  son,  Delos  H.,  January  35,  1885. 

Delos  Hazleton  Walkee,  oldest  child  and  only  living  son  of  James  and 
Eliza  Walker,  was  bom  in  Covington,  Tioga  county,  November  35,  1835.  He' 
obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  commenced  teaching  when  nineteen 
years  of  age,  and  taught  seven  winter  terms.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he 
rented  a  farm  in  Covington  township,  on  which  he  resided  up  to  1863,  and  then 
went  to  Morris  Eun,  where  he  was  employed  for  ten  years  by  the  Morris  Run  Coal 
Company,  first  as  weighmaster,  and  later  as  book-keeper.  In  the  autumn  of  1873 
he  moved  to  Wellsboro,  and  in  December  following  he  was  appointed  deputy 
sheriff,  by  Sheriff  Bowen.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he  was  elected  sheriff,  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket,  with  which  party  he  has  always  affiliated,  and  served  a  full  term. 
In  the  spring  of  1880  he  removed  to  a  farm  in  Covington  township,  three  miles 
southwest  of  Covington,  which  he  had  purchased  during  his  residence  in  Morris 
Eun.  It  contains  130  acres  of  well-improved  land,  and  he  also  owns  180  acres  of 
timber  land  in  the  same  township.  He  has  since  devoted  his  principal  attention  to 
general  farming,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  agriculturalists  of  this  section  of  the 
county.  Mr.  Walker  was  married  June  9,  1860,  to  Julia  A.  Frost,  a  daughter  of 
Lyman  Frost,  who  came  from  Tioga  county.  New  York,  at  an  early  day  and  located 
in  Covington  township,  the  locality  being  now  known  as  the  "Frost  Settlement," 
where  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  Mr.  Frost  married  Hannah  TJfford,  who 
bore  him  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz:  Asal  V.,  of  Wis- 
consin; Ruel,  of  Nevada;  Nathaniel,  who  lives  in  Minnesota;  Keziah,  wife  of 
M.  C.  Seely,  of  Washington;  Nancy,  wife  of  Horman  Allen,  of  Missouri;  Julia 
A.,  wife  of  D.  H.  Walker;  Sarah,  wife  of  A.  M.  Whittaker,  of  Kansas;  Maa7,  de- 
ceased wife  of  Arthur  Goodspeed,  of  Mansfield;  Jane,  wife  of  S.  D.  Cudworth,  of 
Missouri,  and  Lyman,  a  resident  of  the  same  State.  Mrs.  Frost  died  in  Mirabile, 
Missouri,  April  33,  1885,  and  her  husband,  in  the  same  place,  August  7,  1896,  at 
the  ripe  age  of  ninety-one  years.  Mrs.  Walker  was  bom  June  38,  1839,  and  is 
the  mother  of  five  children,  viz:  Maud  Lillian,  and  Bertie  Roswell,  both  of  whom 
died  in  infancy;  Houston  Frost,  principal  of  the  Blossburg  schools;  Bertha  May, 
wife  of  Oliver  F.  Kelley,  of  Coming,  and  Lyman  James.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  are 


1112  HISTOBY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

members  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Covington.  He  has  always  taken  a  promi- 
nent part  in  public  affairs,  has  fiUed  the  offices  of  school  director,  auditor  and  town- 
ship clerk,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  H. 

Samuel  Pbost,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  bom  April  7,  1781,  was  a  successful 
farmer  and  lumberman.  He  married  Keziah  Edson,  and  reared  a  family  of  eleven 
children,  viz:  Lucy,  Hiram,  Lyman,  Julia,  Calvin,  Ashbel,  Samuel,  Betsey,  James, 
Stilhnan  and  EHas,  the  last  three  of  whom  were  bom  in  Tioga  county,  New  York. 
Of  this  family,  Lyman,  Calvin,  Samuel,  James  and  Elias,  all  located  at  or  near  what 
is  now  known  as  the  "Frost  Settlement"  and  have  left  numerous  descendants  in 
this  section  of  the  county. 

Elias  Fkost,  youngest  son  of  Samuel  Frost,  was  bom  in  Tioga  county.  New 
York,  February  19,  1833.  When  he  was  sixteen  years  old  he  went  to  work  on  his 
own  account,  and  after  arriving  at  manhood  bought  a  farm  in  the  Frost  settlement. 
Nine  years  later  he  sold  this  property  and  in  the  fall  of  1856  purchased  133  acres  in 
Kichmond  township,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1847  he  married  Elizabeth 
Bryant,  a  daughter  of  David  Bryant,  of  Eichmond  township,  who  bore  him  six 
children,  as  follows:  Adaline,  deceased;  Harvey,  a  resident  of  Eichmond  township; 
"Samuel  S.,  of  Covington  township;  Ameda,  deceased;  Adeloa,  wife  of  Burt  Mudge, 
o'f  Covington,  and  Arthur,  a  farmer  of  the  same  township. 

Samuel  S.  Fkost,  a  son  of  Elias  Frost,  and  grandson  of  Samuel  Frost,  was  bora 
in  the  Frost  settlement,  Tioga  county,  July  38,  1850,  and  attended  the  common 
schools  in  boyhood.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he  began  working  out  as  a  farm 
hand,  which  he  continued  up  to  his  twenty-fourth  year,  when  he  and  his  brother, 
Harvey,  bought  a  farm.  A  year  later  he  sold  his  interest  in  this  property,  and 
in  April,  1874,  purchased  fifty  acres  of  his  present  farm.  In  October,  1883,  he 
bought  an  additional  sixty  acres,  and  in  April,  1888,  fifty  acres  more,  and  now 
owns  a  well-improved  property  of  160  acres.  Mr.  Frost  was  married  March  30, 
1873,  to  Dorcas  M.  Kiley,  a  daughter  of  John  Kiley.  She  was  born  on  December 
30, 1853,  and  is  the  mother  of  four  children,  viz:  Walter  E.,  Stella  M.,  John  S.  and 
Earl  J.  Mrs.  Frost  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics, 
a  stanch  Eepublican,  Mr.  Frost  has  filled  the  office  of  school  director  for  the  past 
five  years  and  was  treasurer  of  the  school  board  for  three  years.  He  is  one  of  the 
enterprising  farmers  of  his  native  township. 

Ephbaim  B.  GrEBOULD  was  bom  in  Newtown,  Connecticut,  January  14,  1788, 
a  son  of  Jabez  and  Demaris  (Bennett)  Gerould.  His  father  was  born  in  Wrentham, 
Massachusetts,  November  1,  1748,  and  was  a  son  of  Gamaliel  and  Eebecca  (Law- 
rence) Gerould,  and  a  grandson  of  Dr.  Jacques  Gerould,  a  silk  manufacturer  of 
France,  who  came  to  America  in  1685  and  finally  located  in  Medfield,  Massachusetts. 
Jabez  Gerould  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolution,  and  subsequently  followed  black- 
smithing  in  Newtown,  Connecticut,  whence  he  removed  to  Franklin,  New  York,  in 
1798.  In  1801  he  located  in  East  Smithfield,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  died  on  June  13,  1803.  His  wife,  Demaris,  survived  until  March  30, 
1839.  Their  children  were  Jerusha,  James,  Susanna,  Ephraim  B.,  George,  Ziba, 
Jabez  L.,  Abel  J.  and  Theodore.  Ephraim  B.  was  thirteen  years  old  when  the 
family  settled  in  Bradford  county.  There  he  grew  to  manhood  and  married  Eliz- 
abeth Foster,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Theodore  Clark.      She  died  on  August  11; 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1113 


1824,  and  soon  afterwards  Mr.  Gerould  came  to  Tioga  county  and  bought  a  large 
farm  in  Covington  township.  He  subsequently  married  Christiana  Putnam,  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  Putnam,  who  became  the  mother  of  three  children,  viz:  Henry 
M.,  Otis  G.  and  Maria  E.  Mr.  Gerould  was  a  prominent  and  successful  man,  and 
was  actively  engaged  in  merchandising,  lumbering  and  farming.  He  was  also  a 
surveyor,  and  agent  for  the  Bingham  lands  in  this  section  of  the  county.  He  was 
an  earnest  worker  in  the  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  a  stanch  Democrat.  He 
filled  the  oflBce  of  postmaster  for  a  period,  and  was  a  brigade  inspector  in  tlie  militia.- 
He  died  on  April  22, 1845,  and  his  wife,  Christiana,  October  23, 1871.  She  also  was 
an  active  and  zealous  worker  in  the  Baptist  church,  and  it  was  through  her  faith- 
fully carrying  out  the  plans  of  her  husband,  after  his  death,  that  the  Baptist  church 
edifice  was  erected. 

Otis  Gibson  Geeould,  ex-treasurer  of  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  the  borough 
of  Covington,  Tioga  county,  December  17, 1830,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
township.  He  obtained  a  good  education,  and  adopted  farming  as  his  life  vocation. 
In  November,  1861,  he  enUsted  in  Company  L,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and 
was  made  commissary  sergeant.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  battalion  commissary 
sergeant,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  September  9,  1863,  when  he  rejoined  his 
company  with  the  rank  of  first  sergeant,  and  participated  in  all  of  its  battles  up  to 
October  13,  1864,  when  he  was  wounded  near  Eome,  Georgia.  He  was  confined 
in  hospital  until  March,  1865,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  with  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Macon,  Georgia,  in  August,  1865. 
Eeturning  to  his  home  he  resumed  farming,  which  he  continued  up  to  1880.  In 
1889  he  ■B;as  elected  county  treasurer,  and  filled  the  office  three  years.  He  has  also 
been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten  years,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  school  director, 
member  of  council,  high  constable,  street  commissioner  and  collector  of  taxesj 
as  well  as  that  of  burgess  of  Covington.  Mr.  Gerould  was  married  January  13, 
1855,  to  Mary,  a  daughter  of  John  Seamon,  of  Ithaca,  New  York,  to  which  union 
have  been  born  seven  children,  viz:  Putnam  B.,  a  glass  worker,  of  Covington; 
Otis,  a  book-keeper  and  farmer,  who  lives  in  California;  Adah,  who  died  at  the  age 
of  six  years;  Effie,  a  kindergarten  teacher  in  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Belle,  wife  of  Herbert 
L.  Bloom,  of  Wellsboro;  Christiana,  wife  of  Edgar  E.  VanCampen,  and  James  N. 
a  glass  worker,  of  Kane,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerould  are  members  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  since  1856,  and  was  district  deputy  for  eight  years.  He  is  also 
connected  with  the  U.  V.  L.  and  the  G.  A.  E.,  in  both  of  which  he  takes  an  active 
interest. 

Timothy  Knovtlton  was  one  of  the  early  pioneer  settlers  of  Sulli- 
van township,  Tioga  county,  where  he  located  as  early  as  1812,  pur- 
chasing 300  acres  of  land  four  miles  east  of  Covington,  the  present 
townships  of  Covington,  Eichmond  and  Sullivan  cornering  on  his  farm. 
He  was  bom  in  Mason,  New  Hampshire,  July  2,  1788,  a  son  of  Henry 
and  Sybil  (Wright)  Knowlton,  and  came  from  New  Hampshire  to  Tioga  county. 
At  that  time  Sullivan  tovmship  was  covered  by  the  primitive  forest,  with  here  and 
there  a  clearing  and  a  rude  log  cabin.  Mr.  Knowlton  was  then  unmarried,  and  his 
sister  Eunice  kept  house  for  him  five  years.     He  went  bravely  to  work  to  make 


1114  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

a  home,  the  forest  gradually  yielded  to  his  sturdy  industry,  and  cultivated  fields 
took  its  place.  His  entire  life  in  this  county  was  spent  in  the  peaceful  pursuits 
of  agriculture.  On  January  6,  1820,  he  married  Polly  Pitts,  a  daughter  of  Hanover 
and  Mollie  (Cudvrorth)  Pitts,  pioneers  of  Sullivan  township.  She  became  the 
mother  of  ten  children,  as  follows:  Polly  M.,  deceased  wife  of  Hosea  Kennedy; 
Benjamin  P.,  of  Shippen  township;  John  C,  of  Eichmond  township;  Andrew  J. 
and  Charles  W.,  both  deceased;  Caroline  M.,  widow  of  Isaiah  Blackburn;  Eliza  J., 
deceased  wife  of  Frank  Vanvalin;  Mary  A.,  deceased  wife  of  Lyman  Hakes;  Leander, 
who  died  in  infancy,  and  Hanover  Pitts,  of  Covington  township.  Mr.  Knowlton 
lived  on  his  farm  in  Sullivan  up  to  1865,  when  he  went  to  Vineland,  New  Jersey, 
and  made  his  home  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Vanvalin,  until  his  death,  August  16, 
1868.  Mrs.  Knowlton  survived  her  husband  nearly  nineteen  years,  and  died  at 
the  home  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Blackburn,  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county. 
May  30,  1887. 

Hanovee  Pitts  Knowlton,  youngest  child  of  Timothy  Knowlton,  was  born 
in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  December  19,  1838,  and  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  district.  When  twenty  years  of  age  he  went  to  Tioga  and 
opened  a  meat  market,  remaining  in  that  business  one  year.  He  theh  purchased 
a  farm  of  seventy-two  acres  in  Delmar  township,  upon  which  he  lived  until  the 
spring  of  1866,  when  he  removed  to  Mansfield  and  engaged  in  merchandising.  He 
continued  in  that  business  twenty  months,  at  the  end  of  which  period  he  removed  to 
a  farm  in  Sullivan  township.  He  later  engaged  in  the  meat  business,  and  then 
bought  a  farm  in  the  Frost  settlement,  on  which  he  has  since  lived.  He  is  the 
owner  of  two  farms  in  Covington,  embracing  110  acres,  and  also  owns  thirty  acres 
of  timber  land  in  Sullivan  township.  After  locating  in  Covington,  he  followed  the 
meat  business  for  a  period,  but  has  since  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  general 
farming  and  dairying,  being  also  the  owner  of  a  steam  thresher.  Mr.  Knowlton 
was  married  January  7,  1860,  to  Sarah  E.,  a  daughter  of  Leonard  Phillips,  of  Sul- 
livan township,  where  she  was  born  on  February  23,  1839.  Eight  children  have 
blessed  this  union,  as  follows:  Julia  M.,  widow  of  E.  L.  Smith,  of  Jersey  City,  New 
Jersey;  Eliza  L.,  wife  of  D.  "W.  Williams,  of  Colorado;  Carrie  M.,  wife  of  Nelson 
Whitteker,  of  Eichmond  township;  Leonard  J.,  principal  of  the  High  School, 
Butte,  Montana;  Matthew  S.,  also  a  teacher;  Sadie  L.,  wife  of  Daniel  Burnside, 
of  Silverton,  Colorado;  Hanover  W.,  and  Ethel  L.,  both  of  whom  live  with  their 
parents.  In  politics,  Mr.  Knowlton  is  an  ardent  Democrat,  has  served  three  years 
as  school  director,  and  is  an  active  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

John  Jaquish  was  bom  in  New  York  City,  June  17,  1754.  His  father,  a 
native  of  England,  was  a  sea  captain,  whose  home  was  in  New  York,  and  was  finally 
lost  at  sea,  though  it  is  supposed  that  he  was  murdered  by  Captain  Kidd,  the 
notorious  pirate.  When  John  was  fourteen  years  old  he  was  bound  out  to  learn 
the  harness-maker's  trade,  and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Eevolution  he  enlisted 
and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  was  afterwards  given  a  pension  and  three  land 
grants  in  the  state  of  New  York,  on  one  of  which  he  settled,  in  Delaware  county, 
where  he  resided  up  to  his  death,  August  3,  1845.  He  married  Catherine  Wheaton, 
who  bore  him  eleven  children,  viz:    John,  Margaret,  Dorothy,   Joseph,   Eliza- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1115 


beth,  David,  James,  Matthias,  Daniel  H.,  Sarah  and  Nathan  B.     Mrs.  Jaqnish 
died  September  8,  184^,  in  the  eighty-first  year  of  her  age. 

Joseph  Jaquish,  second  son  of  John  Jaquish,  was  born  in  Delaware  county. 
New  York,  November  2,  1787,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  received  a  good 
education,  and  after  teaching  school  for  a  few  years,  he  rented  land  and  engaged  in 
farming.  In  June,  1838,  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  bought 
120  acres  of  forest  land,  where  Charles  Jaquish  now  lives,  which  he  cleared  and  im- 
proved, residing  thereon  up  to  his  death,  August  3,  1867.  He  married  Clarissa 
M.  Keynolds,  a  native  of  Ehode  Island,  bom  December  2,  1793,  who  became  the 
mother  of  eight  children,  viz:  Welcome,  who  died  in  1884,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year; 
John  W.,  who  died  in  1874,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year;  Horace  S.,  a  resident  of  Eichmond 
township,  bom  in  1819,  who  followed  teaching  and  farming,  and  also  served  in 
Company  B,  One  Hundred  and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  Charles,  a 
farmer  of  Covington  township;  Joseph  B.,  a  resident  of  Minnesota,  who  served  in 
Company  K,  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  Phoebe  M.,  de- 
ceased wife  of  W.  H.  Strong,  of  the  same  State;  Desire  A.,  widow  of  Henry 
Beardsley,  who  lives  in  Wisconsin,  and  Elizabeth  M.,  widow  of  Evan  Lewis,  of 
Charleston  township.  Mrs.  Jaquish  died  on  the  old  homestead,  February  17,  1864. 
Chahles  Jaquish,  a  son  of  Joseph  Jaquish,  was  bom  in  Delaware  county.  New 
York,  November  21,  1823,  and  was  in  his  fifth  year  when  the  family  settled  in  Cov- 
ington township,  Tioga  county.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  thg.t  township, 
and  when  twenty-one  years  old  bought  a  farm  of  seventy  acres  in  Sullivan  township, 
on  which  he  resided  up  to  the  spring  of  1885.  He  then  sold  his  Sullivan  farm  and 
bought  eighty-four  acres  of  the  farm  which  was  settled  by  his  father  in  1828,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  On  November  12,  1846,  he  married  Elizabeth  Q.  Walker,  a 
daughter  of  Lewis  Walker.  She  was  bom  on  October  25, 1827,  and  bore  him  a  fam- 
ily of  six  children,  viz:  Charles  L.,  who  died  on  December  30, 1880,  leaving  a  widow, 
Eliza  (Eobinson)  Jaquish,  and  one  son,  Frank  C,  who  live  in  Mansfield;  George  H., 
an  outside  foreman  in  the  mines  of  Clearfield  county;  Ellen  J.,  wife  of  B.  A.  Webster, 
of  Sullivan  township;  Joseph  S.,  also  an  outside  foreman  in  Clearfield  county  mines; 
Francis  E.,  who  died  on  March  13, 1873,  and  Jane  A.,  wife  of  Lincoln  Whitteker,  of 
Eichmond  township.  Mrs.  Jaquish  died  on  March  27,  1874.  Politically,  Mr.  Ja- 
quish is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  school  director  and  justice  of  the 
peace.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.  for^hirty  years,  but  is  not  now  actively 
connected  with  the  society. 

Chaeles  Howland  was  bom  in  Hamden,  Delaware  county.  New  York,  Febru- 
ary 17, 1820,  a  son  of  Asa  Howland,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  and  a  grandson  of 
Seth  Howland,  Asa  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade  in  his  native  place,  and  later  re- 
moved to  Delaware  eoimty.  New  York,  and  became  a  farmer.  In  1839  he  removed  to 
Springfield  township,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  followed  farming 
for  many  years,  but  finally  resumed  work  at  his  trade.  He  removed  to  Elmira, 
New  York,  about  1850,  and  there  died  July  4,  1861.  His  wife,  Lucretia  Benjamin, 
bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows: 
Juliette,  deceased  wife  of  Albert  Jones,  of  Elmira,  New  York;  Marietta,  who  died 
in  Elmira  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight  years;  Charles,  of  Covington;  Eansford  F.,  who 
died  in  Williamsport,  leaving  one  daughter,  Hattie;  Angilette,  widow  of  Dr.  Julius 


1116  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Eea,  of  Milford,  Delaware;  Antoinette,  deceased  wife  of  Kobert  Hill,  of  Elmira; 
Gaylord,  a  resident  of  Canandaigua,  New  York;  Benjamin  F.,  a  leather  merchant 
of  Cedar  Eapids,  Iowa;  Leroy,  who  died  in  Kansas,  and  Janette,  widow  of  George 
W.  Parsons,  of  Elmira.  Mrs.  Howland  died  in  Elmira  in  September,  1881.  Her 
husband  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  serving  from  New  York  state.  Charles 
Howland  spent  his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm.  In  1840  he  came  to  Tioga  coimty 
and  found  employment  with  Boyd  &  Cleaver,  a  lumber  firm  of  Covington  town- 
ship. During  the  next  twelve  years  he  also  worked  for  other  firms,  aud  made  a 
number  of  trips  down  Pine  creek,  and  the  Tioga  and  Susquehanna  rivers  as  9,  raft 
steersman,  acquiring  much  skill  and  proficiency  in  that  line  of  work.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1840,  Mr.  Howland  helped  load  the  first  coal  train  that  left  Blossburg 
over  the  Tioga  railroad,  then  just  completed.  In  1842  he  sawed  three  months  on 
the  lumber  used  in  the  construction  of  the  Seymour  House,  Blossburg.  In  1858 
he  bought  the  Eoyal  "Walker  farm  of  eighty-one  acres,  upon  which  he  has  since  lived, 
giving  his  attention  to  agriculture.  On  January  1,  1849,  he  married  Eliza  Walker, 
a  daughter  of  Eoyal  Walker.'  She  was  born  August  11,  1824,  and  became  the 
mother  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Ella  L.,  widow  of  S.  A.  Hoagland,  of  Marion, 
Iowa;  Edward  L.,  a  box  maker  in  the  Covington  Glass  Works,  who  married  Mary 
Williams,  and  has  three  children,  Eliza,  Pearl  and  Harry;  Emma  L.,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  nine  years;  William  E.,  a  glass  worker  in  Prankton,  Indiana,  who  mar- 
ried Louisa  Lutes,  and  has  one  child,  Maude;  Charles  H.,  a  glass  blower  in  Frank- 
ton,  who  married  Sarah  Coe,  and  has  one  child,  Hazel;  Eansford  and  Eandolph, 
twins,  the  latter  of  whom  died  at  two  years  of  age.  Eansford  is  a  packer  in  the 
Covington  Glass  Works,  married  Anna  Marvin,  and  has  three  children:  David  F., 
Anna  and  Eansford.  Mrs.  Howland  died  October  29,  1873.  On  December  16, 
1874,  Mr.  Howland  married  Martha  J.  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Simon  Johnson,  of 
Troy,  Bradford  county.  She  was  bom  November  22,  1836,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Covington.  In  politics,  Mr.  Howland  is  a  Democrat,  and 
has  filled  the  offices  of  burgess,  assessor,  collector  and  served  in  the  Covington 
council.  He  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies,  and 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  borough. 

John  Caltin  Bennett  was  bom  in  Sherman,  Connecticut,  September  9,  1812, 
and  removed  with  his  parents  to  the  Canisteo  valley,  near  Homellsville,  New  York, 
about  1824.  About  1836  he  purchased  a  pre-emption  right  to  several  hundred 
acres  of  land  near  Clinton,  Iowa,  upon  which  he  located.  Owing  to  the  unsettled 
condition  of  the  country,  on  account  of  hostilities  breaJdng  out  between  the  whites 
and  Indians,  he  disposed  of  his  claim  and  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  settling  in 
Eiehmond  township,  Tioga  county.  Here  he  was  married  September  11,  1838,  to 
Olive  Wilson,  a  daughter  of  Sumner  Wilson,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that 
township.  To  this  union  were  born  two  children,  Albert  M.  and  Frank  E.  The 
latter  died  in  1861.  In  1849  Mr.  Bennett  removed  to  Covington  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  continuing  there  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  death 
occurred  on  January  21,  1889.  His  wife  survived  him  about  a  year,  dying  March 
19,  1890.  Mr.  Bennett  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  for  many  years, 
and  was  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  from  1849,  in  which  year  he  joined  the 
Covington  lodge.     His  surviving  son,  Albert  M.,  continued  the  business  started 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1117 


by  his  father  until  January  1,  1896.  In  1893,  associating  with  other  business  men 
of  Covington,  they  purchased  the  Covington  Glass  Works,  of  which  he  became 
manager.  Resigning  early  in  1893,  he  removed  to  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he 
erected  and  became  manager  of  the  Elmira  "Window  Glass  Works,  owned  by  the 
Elmira  Glass  Company,  which  position  he  still  holds. 

Joseph  W.  Whiting  was  bom  in  Eeadsboro,  Vermont,  January  5,  1820,  a  son 
of  Danforth  and  Rebecca  (Sherman)  Whiting,  and  a  grandson  of  Danforth  Whiting, 
who  located  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  about  1837.  Joseph  W.  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  bought  a  small  farm 
in  Columbia  township,  Bradford  county,  on  which  he  resided  for  seventeen  years, 
adding  to  his  original  purchase  until  he  owned  315  acres.  He  sold  this  farm  in  the 
spring  of  1849,  and  bought  his  present  farm  in  Covington  township,  Tioga  county, 
from  Lyman  Frost,  which  now  embraces  325  acres.  Here  he  has  lived  for  the  past 
forty-seven  years,  engaged  in  general  farming.  On  October  24,  1867,  he  married 
Julia  A.  Kingsbury,  a  daughter  of  Absalom  and  Polly  Kingsbury,  of  Covington 
township.  She  was  bom  July  37,  1827,  and  bore  him  one  daughter,  Gena,  born 
July  28,  1871,  now  the  wife  of  James  H.  Kendrick,  of  Covington  township.  Mrs. 
AVhiting  died  December  27,  1887,  and  he  was  again  married  May  34,  1888,  to  Laura 
N.  Ayers,  a  daughter  of  Abijah  A.  and  Thursa  (Palmer)  Ayers,  of  Canton,  Bradford 
county.  She  was  bom  September  33,  1847.  Mr.  Whiting  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  of  Covington,  while  his  wife  is  connected  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  a  Republican,  he  has  served  five  years  as  Justice  of 
the  peace,  one  year  as  assessor,  one  as  collector,  and  about  thirty  years  as  a  school 
director.  Mr.  Whiting  is  one  of  the  prominent,  well-to-do  farmers  of  the  town- 
ship, and  is  highly  respected  for  his  many  sterling  qualities. 

Stephen  F.  Richaeds  was  bom  in  Milford,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  October 
26,  1823,  a  son  of  Rectus  and  Susanna  (French)  Richaxds,  natives  of  Massachusetts. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  and  cloth  manufacturer,  and  was  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  Susanna  French,  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  William,  who  died  in  infancy; 
Mary,  deceased  wife  of  the  late  David  Pitts;  Stephen  P.,  of  Covington  township; 
Emily,  wife  of  Samuel  Hitchcock,  of  Massachusetts;  Otis,  who  was  a  farmer,  mer- 
chant and  teacher,  and  died  at  Nelson,  Tioga  county,  and  Susanna,  who  died  in 
childhood.  Mrs.  Richards  died  in  1836,  and  he  subsequently  married  Nancy 
Thayer,  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  in  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts,  in  1873, 
aged  eighty-four  years.  Stephen  F.  obtained  a  good  common  school  education,  and 
in  1846  came  to  Tioga  county.  He  purchased  a  farm  in  Sullivan  township,  where 
he  lived  up  to  1858,  when  he  sold  it,  also  another  property  that  he  owned  in  the 
Frost  settlement  which  he  had  bought  in  1854,  and  then  purchased  eighty  acres 
of  his  present  homestead,  since  increased  to  200  acres.  Here  he  has  resided,  en- 
gaged in  general  farming,  but  making  a  specialty  of  raising  and  handling  stock, 
principally  horses,  having  sold  one  horse,  Beucephalus,  for  $3,400.  Mr.  Richards 
has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife,  Mary  Snow,  bore  him  one  child,  Mary,  now 
the  wife  of  Harris  Guilford,  of  Massachusetts.  His  second  marriage  occurred  Sep- 
tember 29,  1860,  to  Elizabeth  C.  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Johnson,  of  Cov- 
ington township.  She  was  born  in  Blossburg,  April  20,  1843,  and  is  the  mother  of 
three  children,  viz:    Stephen  F.,  born  April  30,  1863,  and  died  on  April  2,  1880; 


wig  HISTOHT    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

William  F.,  born  March  20,  1866,  and  Edward  A.,  born  July  29,  1881.  William 
F.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Mansfield  State  Normal,  and  is 
engaged  in  farming  on  the  homestead.  He  married  Florence  DeHaas,  a  daughter 
of  Alexander  M.  DeHaas,  of  Clinton  county,  September  3,  1891,  and  has  two  chil- 
dren, Helen  V.  and  Harold  J.  Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eichards  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  also  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  he  is  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  He  has  served 
two  terms  as  Justice  of  the  peace,  and  in  politics,  is  an  independent  voter. 

John  Kiley,  retired  farmer,  was  born  in  Georgia,  Franklin  county,  Vermont, 
May  27,  1821,  a  son  of  Michael  and  Betsey  (Hurlbut)  Kiley,  the  former  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  the  latter  of  Vermont.  His  father  came  to  the  United  States  at  the 
age  of  fiftfeen  and  learned  the  tailor's  trade,  and  followed  that  business  in  connection 
with  farming.  He  reared  six  children,  viz:  John,  James,  Ebenezer,  Henry,  Mary 
and  Lydia.  John  received  a  limited  education,  and  worked  on  the  homestead  farm 
in  Vermont  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then  removed  to  New  York  state, 
where  he  worked  in  a  saw-mill  six  years.  In  1849  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  found  employment  in  the  saw-mills  on  Mill  creek,  in  Eutland  town- 
ship. Three  years  later  he  rented  the  James  E.  Wilson  farm  in  Eichmond  town- 
ship, which  he  cultivated  up  to  October,  1862.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
One  Hundred  and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Williamsburg  and  Fair  Oaks.  He  was  wounded  in  the  latter  engagement,  which 
incapacitated  him  for  further  service,  and  he  was  discharged  June  20,  1863.  Ee- 
tuming  to  his  home  in  Eichmond  township,  he  lived  there  until  1865,  when  he 
purchased  a  farm  of  257  acres  in  Eichmond  township,^  and  a  short  time  later  bought 
his  present  homestead  of  167  acres  in  Covington  township.  He  has  been  unable  to 
do  any  manual  labor  since  the  war.  Mr.  Kiley  was  married  September  18,  1848, 
to  Dorothy  Codney,  who  bore  him  six  children,  viz:  Betsey,  wife  of  Harvey  Frost, 
of  Eichmond;  Dorcas,  wife  of  Samuel  Frost,  of  Covington;  Samuel  H.,  a  resident 
of  the  latter  township;  John,  a  physician  of  Morris  Eun;  Lydia,  wife  of  Prof.  C. 
B.  Clark,  of  Antrim,  and  Frank,  a  ph3'sician  of  Gordon,  Schuylkill  county.  Mrs. 
Kiley  died  in  February,  1887,  aged  forty-seven  years.  Mr.  Kiley  resides  with  his 
son,  Samuel  H.  He  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.  and  the 
P..  of  H. 

Samuel  H.  Kiley,  eldest  son  of  John  Kiley,  was  born  in  Eichmond  township, 
Tioga  county,  July  26,  1857,  and  attended -the  common  schools  in  boyhood.  In 
1882  he  purchased  his  present  homestead  in  Covington  township,  and  has  since 
devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  On  December  25,  1879,  he  married  Adel 
Clark,  a  daughter  of  John  Clark,  of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  four  children,  viz: 
Love,  John,  William  and  Eoss.  Mrs.  Kiley  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  Politically,  Mr.  Kiley  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  super- 
visor and  school  director.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  P.  of  H. 
societies,  in  both  of  which  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

Nicholas  Watkins  was  bom  in  Connecticut,  July  4,  1810,  and  was  the 
youngest  son  of  Benoni  Watkins,  a  native  of  the  same  State,  who  settled  on  a  farm 
of  200  acres  where  Austinville,  Bradford  county,  now  stands,  in  1816.  Benoni 
previously  married  Hannah  Peet,  and  they  reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz: 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1119 


Daniel,  Delighta,  Betsey,  Sally,  Abel,  Granson  and  Nicholas.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  about  six  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Bradford  county.  He 
worked  at  home  until  1830,  whe^i  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Columbia  township, 
Bradford  county,  on  which  he  lived  six  years.  In  1836  he  bought  a  farm  in  Sulli- 
van township,  Tioga  county,  which  he  cultivated  until  old  age^  and  then  retired  to 
Mainesburg,  where  he  died  in  May,  1893.  He  married  Sarah  Eose,  to  which  union 
were  bom  six  children,  as  follows:  John  E.,  of  Covington  township;  Benoni,  a 
wagonmaker  in  Ft.  Scott,  Kansas;  Lodemia,  who  died  in  infancy;  Hannah,  wife 
of  Jesse  Austin,  of  Mainesburg;  Charlotte,  Mdfe  of  Omer  Doud,  of  the  same  place, 
and  Philetta,  wife  of  B.  P.  Connelly,  also  a  resident  of  Mainesburg.  Mrs.  Watkins 
■resides  in  Mainesburg  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Doud,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty- 
four  years. 

John  E.  Watkins,  eldest  child  of  Nicholas  Watkins,  and  grandson  of  Benoni 
Watkins,  was  born  on  the  Tioga  and  Bradford  line,  two  and  a  half  miles  west  of 
Austinville.  He  obtained  a  common  school  education  and  worked  on  the  homestead 
until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  when  he  began  in  life  for  himself,  as  a  farmer.  In 
the  fall  of  1869,  he  purchased  his  present  farm  of  ninety  acres,  in  Covington  town- 
ship, on  which  he  lived  for  ten  years.  He  then  went  to  Bradford,  McKeam  county, 
and  carried  on  a  fruit  and  vegetable  store  for  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which  period 
he  returned  to  his  farm  in  Covington.  In  1889  he  embarked  in  the  lumber  business, 
which  he  continued  until  the  spring  of  1896,  when  he  resumed  farming.  On  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1857,  Mr.  Watkins  married  Sophia  Welsh,  a  daughter  of  Leonard  Welsh, 
of  Sullivan  township,  and  has  two  children,  viz:  Eosa  B.,  wife  of  David  Ames,  of 
Covington  township,  and  Jay  E.,  who  was  born  on  July  31,  1867.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Eepubliean 
party. 

Abel  Watkins  was  born  in  Connecticut,  in  1806,  a  son  of  Benoni  Watkins, 
a  native  of  the  same  State,  who  settled  on  a  farm  of  200  acres  where  Austinville, 
Bradford  county,  now  stands,  in  1816.  Benoni  previously  married  Hannah  Peet, 
and  reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz:  Daniel,  Delighta,  Betsey,  Sally,  Abel, 
Granson  and  Nicholas.  Abel  was  ten  yesirs  old  when  the  family  located  in  Brad- 
ford county,  and  he  grew  to  manhood  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  attended  the 
pioneer  school  of  the  district.  He  later  purchased  a  farm  in  Sullivan  township, 
Tioga  county,  where  he  followed  farming  and  stock-droving  up  to  1872,  when  he 
retired  to  Sylvania,  Bradford  county,  and  died  in  1880.  He  married  Mary  Van 
Gorder,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  as  follows:  Hannah,  deceased  wife  of  the 
late  Dr.  Burchard,  of  Chicago;  Andrew  J.,  deceased;  Emma,  wife  of  E.  E.  Backer, 
of  Elmira;  George,  a  resident  of  California;  Jerusha,  widow  of  Dayton  HoUenback, 
of  Sylvania;  Seely  E.,  a  farmer  of  Eichmond  township,  and  Frank,  a  lumberman 
of  Covington  township.    Mrs.  Watkins  died  on  June  23,  1894. 

Andeew  J.  Watkins,  oldest  son  of  Abel  Watkins,  was  bom  in  Sullivan  town- 
ship, Tioga  county,  October  13,  1830,  and  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
place.  On  attaining  his  majority  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Eutland  township,  whence 
he  removed  to  Eichmond,  but  returned  to  Eutland  again.  In  1870  he  located  in 
Covington  township,  purchasing  a  farm  of  350  acres,  one  mile  above  Covington,  to 
which  he  later  added  180  acres  more.    He  and  his  brother  Seely  also  bought  the 


]^]^20  HISTOET    or    TIOGA   COUNTT. 

old  homestead  in  Sullivan  township.  In  1889  he  moved  to  a  small  faorm  in  Cov- 
ington borough,  where  he  died  in  February,  1890.  He  married  Clarinda  Hurd, 
who  bore  him  four  children,  as  follows:  Eush  J.,  a  steamboat  captain  in  the  state 
of  Washington;  Eugene  0.,  of  Covington  township;  Olive  A.,  of  the  same  town- 
ship, and  Frederick  B.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Watkins  resides  in  Covington.  Mr.  Watkins 
served  in  the  Union  axmy  during  the  late  Eebellion.  He  was  an  active  Eepublican, 
and  filled  the  offices  of  assessor  and  school  director. 

Eugene  0.  "Watkins  was  born  in  Eichmond  township,  Tioga  county,  July 
9, 1860,  a  son  of  Andrew  J.  Watkins,  and  grandson  of  Abel  Watkins.  He  attended 
the  common  schools  of  the  township  and  borough  of  Covington,  and  has  always 
lived  on  the  old  homestead  farm.  On  June  17, 1886,  he  married  Mary  A.  Harding,  a- 
daughter  of  Simeon  and  Lydia  (Goodnow)  Harding,  early  settlers  of  Covington, 
and  has  two  children.  Ploy  L.  and  Maude  C.  Mrs.  Watkins  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  of  Covington.  In  politics,  Mr.  Watkins  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  is  also  connected  with  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  P.  of  H.  societies. 

Eet.  George  W.  Sguddek  was  bom  at  Gorham,  Ontario  county,  'New  York, 
August  35,  1818,  a  son  of  Ezra  Scudder.  He  received  a  good  education  and  in 
early  manhood  began  preaching  for  the  Free  Will  Baptist  church,  but  when  the 
slavery  question  began  to  be  agitated,  he  became  a  Wesleyan  Methodist,  and  for 
many  years  preached  for  that  church  in  the  counties  of  Steuben,  Allegany,  Schuyler 
and  Tompkins,  New  York,  and  in  Sullivan,  Bradford,  Tioga  and  Potter  counties, 
Pennsylvania.  He  first  came  to  Tioga  county  in  the  spring  of  1863,  and  in  1865 
purchased  a  farm  in  Charleston  township,  on  which  his  son  resided  up  to  1883.  He 
then  sold  it  and  bought  one  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Covington  township,  where 
he  resided  until  a  year  and  a  half  before  his  death,  which  occurred  October  36, 
1894,  when  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  and  removed  to  the  home  of  his  son, 
Franklin  B.  Mr.  Scudder  was  married  to  Emmeline  Parsons,  a  daughter  of  Thadeus 
Parsons,  of  Clifton  Springs,  New  York,  October  31,  1841.  She  was  bom  October 
30,  1830,  and  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  viz:  Ezra  F.,  bom  July  38,  1843,  and 
died  June  31,  1859,  and  Franklin  B.,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead.  Mrs.  Scud- 
der lives  with  her  son  in  Covington  township. 

Feanklin  B.  Sctjddee,  only  living  child  of  Eev.  George  W.  Scudder,  was 
bom  in  Potter,  Yates  county,  New  York,  June  85,  1845.  When  eighteen  years  of 
age  he  enlisted  in  Battery  F,  Second  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery,  and  served  in 
the  battles  of  Weldon  Eailroad  and  Chapin  Farm.  He  was  transferred  to  the 
light  artillery,  in  which  he  served  six  months,  and  later  three  months  as  a  mounted 
herdsman.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was  detailed  to  the  provost  guard,  and  later  on 
the  detective  force,  where  he  served  until  discharged,  at  City  Point,  in  January, 
1866.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  Charleston  township,  and  a  year  later  went  to 
Sullivan  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  out  and  attended  school  at  in- 
tervals for  two  years.  Eetuming  to  his  father's  home,  he  worked  for  his  parents 
until  the  fall  of  1886,  when  he  bought  fifty-thre€  acres  immediately  east  of  the 
homestead,  which  he  cultivated  until  his  father's  death.  He  then  inherited  the 
homestead  property  of  sixty  acres,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  113  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land.  October  36,  1868,  Mr.  Scudder  married  Eoxie  T.,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Fawcett,  of  Sullivan  county,  where  she  was  bom  on  May  9,  1851.    They 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1121 


axe  the  parents  of  five  children,  viz:  Jennie  E.,  wife  of  Maxlin  Clemens,  of 
Charleston  township;  Grace  V.,  William  W.,  Emma  L.  and  Frankie  B.  Mr.  axid 
Mrs.  Scudder  are  members  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  church,  while  their  daughter 
Grace  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In  politics,  the  family  are 
adherents  of  the  Republican  party. 

THE    BLOSSBUBG   COAL    REGION. 

Maetin  Steatton  was  bom  near  Towanda,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
December  33, 1807.  His  parents,  Cephas  and  Hannah  (Adams)  Stratton,  natives  of 
Simsbury,  Connecticut,  settled  in  Bradford  county  in  1791.  In  1813  they  came  to 
Tioga  county,  and  located  near  Canoe  Camp.  They  resided  in  Eichmond  township 
and  in  Mansfield  until  October  13,  1818,  when  the  family  left  for  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
settling  four  miles  from  that  city,  on  Mill  creek,  where  the  parents  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives.  In  1831  the  subject  of  this  sketch  went  to  Cincinnati  to  learn 
the  carpenter's  trade.  After  serving  three  years  as  an  apprentice  and  one  year  as 
a  journeyman,  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained  but  a  short  time.  Re- 
turning to  Cincinnati,  he  was  induced,  by  promises  of  government  work,  to  go  to 
Fort  Independence,  Missouri.  Being  disappointed  in  this,  he  returned  to  Cincinnati, 
and  in  March,  1831,  came  back  to  Mansfield.  After  a  three  years'  stay  in 
Tioga  county,  he  again  returned  to  Cincinnati,  and  a  year  later  removed  to  La 
Salle,  Illinois.  In  1840  he  returned  to  Mansfield,  and  in  December,  1841,  located 
at  Bloesburg.  For  thirteen  years  he  had  charge  of  the  repairs  of  coal  chutes,  etc., 
in  Blossburg,  for  William  Mallory  &  Company,  and  from  1861  to  1876  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  at  Fall  Brook,  as  master  mechanic.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  has  been  living  retired  in  Blossburg,  his  residence,  built  in 
1841-43,  being  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  place.  In  polities,  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  school  director.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Stratton  was  married  October  18,  1833,  to  Eliza  Holden, 
a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Lydia  Holden,  pioneer  settlers  of  Mansfield.  Mrs.  Strat- 
ton was  bom  in  Schoharie  county,  New  York,  in  1811,  and  they  celebrated  the  six- 
ty-fourth anniversary  of  their  marriage,  October  18, 1896.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  them,  viz:  Daniel  H.,  Myron  S.,  a  railroad  engineer,  killed  in  aji  accident 
at  Gray's  run,  Tioga  county,  August  35,  1893,  and  Lucy,  wife  of  Rev.  Marcellus 
Karcher,  rector  of  Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  of  Blossburg.  Lydia,  an 
adopted  daughter,  is  the  wife  of  A.  F.  Gaylord  of  the  same  borough. 

Daniel  H.  Steatton,  eldest  son  of  Martin  Stratton,  was  bom  in  Covington, 
Tioga  county,  January  1,  1834.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  father, 
and  from  1853  to  1855  he  was  in  the  employ  of  William  Mallory  &  Company,  of 
Blossburg.  He  then  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  that  place,  continuing  in  the 
same  three  years.  In  the  latter  part  of  1858  he  went  to  Fall  Brook,  as  foreman 
in  charge  of  constructing  and  repairing  chutes,  etc.,  for  the  Fall  Brook  Coal 
Company.  In  1864  he  took  charge  of  the  railroad  shop  in  Blossburg,  a  position 
he  still  holds.  Mr.  Stratton  was  married  June  33,  1854,  to  Mary  C.  Scott,  a 
daughter  of  Robert  and  Eliza  Jame  Scott,  to  which  union  have  been  born  ten  children, 
viz:  Alice,  deceased;  Prank  H.,  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  E.  S.  Guernsey,  of  Sala- 
manca, New  York;  Fred  and  Nina,  both  deceased;  Lucy  H.,  Jennie,  Daniel  R.,  a 
71 


1122  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

graduate  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New  York;  Kate,  wife 
of  E.  J.  Bosworth,  of  Gaines,  Tioga  county,  and  Eaymond.  In  politics,  Mr.  Strat- 
ton  is  a  Democrat.  He  served  in  the  first  council  of  Blossburg,  and  has  filled  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace,  school  director,  auditor  and  township  clerk.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  K.  of  H. 

Frank  H.  Stkatton,  eldest  son  of  Daniel  H.  Stratton,  was  born  in  Blossburg, 
Tioga  county,  April  14,  1857,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield.  He  clerked  for  some  years  in  the  railroad  shop 
office,  and  for  seven  years  had  charge  of  the  weigh  office  in  Blossburg  of  the 
Morris  Eun  and  Fall  Brook  Coal  Compajiies.  From  1885  tO'  1889  he  was  United 
States  gauger  of  the  Twelfth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  after  which  he  again  took 
charge  of  the  weigh  office  of  the  companies  named.  On  March  39,  1894,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland  postmaster  of  Blossburg,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  He  is  also  superintendent  of  the  Blossburg  Water  Company.  Mr.  Stratton 
was  married  in  June,  1889,  to  Maria  Bowen,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Stephen  Bowen, 
sherifE  of  Tioga  county  from  1873  to  1876.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children, 
viz:  Augustus  D.,  Agnes  and  Nina.  Mr.  Stratton  is  an  ardent  Democrat.  He  is 
a  past  master  of  Bloss  Lodge,  No.  350,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  also  connected  with 
Wellsboro  Chapter,  and  Tyagaghton  Commandery,  of  Wellsboro. 

Pathick  Bannon  was  born  in  Thurlas,  County  Tipperary,  Ireland,  in  April, 
1814.  In  1827  he  went  to  "Wales,  and  worked  in  the  iron  furnaces  there  until  1836, 
when  he  immigrated  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  Troy,  New  York,  but  soon 
afterwards  removed  to  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  as  a  moulder  in 
a  foundry.  In  1840  he  came  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  and  during  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life,  until  he  retired,  he  worked  in  the  mines  at  Blossburg  and  Morris 
Eun.  A  few  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred  September  17,  1894,  at  the  age 
of  seventy-nine,  he  was  interested  in  developing  a  tract  of  coal  land  near  Hoytville. 
His  agreement  with  the  owner  was  that  if  he  struck  the  Blossburg  vein  he  was  to 
have  one-half  the  land.  He  died  before  securing  the  deed,  and  the  matter  is  now  in 
the  courts.  Mr.  Bannon  came  to  Blossburg  when  there  were  but  few  families  in 
that  place.  The  railroad  had  just  been  completed  and  the  work  of  developing  the 
coal  deposits  begun.  He  soon  became  known  as  a  man  of  enterprise  and  public 
spirit.  It  was  through  his  efforts  that  the  first  Catholic  church  in  the  county  was 
established  in  Blossburg.  He  secured  the  gift  of  the  site  from  Hon.  Horatio  Sey- 
mour, and  collected  the  money  for  the  erection  of  the  church  building,  which  was 
afterwards  dedicated  as  St.  Andrew^s  Catholic  church.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
C.  T.  A.,  and  also  of  the  K.  of  L.  In  politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  council,  supervisor  and  school  director  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  was  tireless  in  his  efforts  to  secure  the  establishment  of  a  public  school 
in  the  village,  in  which  project  he  was  finally  successful.  He  lived  an  earnest, 
useful  life,  and  enjoyed  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  leading  people  of  the  county. 
Mr.  Bannon  was  married  April  14, 1839,  in  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  to  Joana  Loner- 
gan,  a  daughter  of  William  Lonergan,  a  merchant  of  Thurlas,  Ireland.  Mrs.  Ban- 
non, who,  notwithstanding  her  advanced  age,  preserves  an  active  mind  and  a  clear 
memory,  was  born  April  7, 1816,  and  came  to  Canada  with  her  parents  when  a  child. 
Her  father  located  on  a  farm  near  Montreal,  where  the  family  resided  until  1834, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1123 


when  they  removed  to  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  where  Mrs.  Bannon  met  and  married 
her  late  husband.  Four  of  her  brothers  were  in  the  Union  army,  viz:  William,  a 
deceased  manufacturer  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  James,  a  farmer  of  the  same  State; 
Patrick,  who  also  resides  in  Missouri,  and  John,  a  resident  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana. 
Another  brother,  Michael,  went  to  St.  Louis  at  an  early  day,  and  died  there  of 
yellow  fever  in  1837.  Mrs.  Bannon  is  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Mary, 
wife  of  William  Lai-kin,  of  Bradford,  McKean  county;  William,  a  resident  of  the 
same  place,  who  married  Lida  English;  Anthony,  a  resident  of  Bradford,  ex-state 
senator  of  this  district,  to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  1893,  having  previously 
served  as  a  member  of  the  council  of  Kemdall  Creek,  coroner  of  McKean  county, 
sheriff  of  the  county,  chairman  of  the  Eepublican  county  committee,  a  delegate  to 
the  state  convention,  congressional  conferee,  reading  clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1889  and  journal  clerk  of  the  same  body  in  1891;  Joana,  a  resident  of  Bradford; 
Jane,  who  resides  with  her  mother;  Lizaie,  wife  of  Christopher  O'Connor,  of 
JefEerson  county,  and  Alice,  who  lives  at  home.  Mrs.  Bannon  is  a  woman  of  edu- 
cation and  refinement,  and  enjoys  the  regard  and  confidence  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends.    She  is  one  of  the  oldest  living  residents  of  Blossburg. 

Henet  Kilbouhn,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  bom  in  Shrewsbury,  Vermont, 
March  23,  1802.  He  studied  medicine  in  his  native  State,  at  Castleton,  and  re- 
ceived his  diploma  in  1828.  In  December  of  that  year  he  married  Miss  Fannie 
Briggs,  to  which  union  were  bom  the  following  children:  Henrietta,  a  resident  of 
Portland,  Oregon;  Antionette,  widow  of  S.  B.  Brown;  Henry,  deceased;  Ferdinand, 
a  resident  of  Sumnerville,  Kansas;  Catherine,  a  resident  of  Wellsburg,  New  York, 
and  James  V.,  who  resides  at  Silverton,  Colorado.  The  mother  died,  and  he  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife  Lucy  M.  Dyke,  who  bore  him  two  children,  viz:  Orpha, 
deceased,  and  Kenyon.  His  second  wife  died  May  13,  1873,  aged  thirty-six  years. 
In  1840  Dr.  Kilboum  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  in  Covington,  from  which 
time  until  his  death,  November  26,  1886,  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. During  this  period  he  lived  alternately  at  Covington  and  Blossburg,  the 
last  twenty  years  of  his  life  being  spent  in  the  latter  town.  He  traveled  throughout 
the  eastern  part  of  Tioga  county,  where  he  is  held  in  loving  remembrance.  He 
also  practiced  at  Fall  Brook,  and  for  many  years  was  the  leading  physician  in  that 
portion  of  the  Tioga  valley.  Dr.  Kilboum  was  descended  from  one  of  the  oldest 
families  of  New  England,  and  brought  with  him  to  Tioga  county  a  musket  used  by 
one  of  his  ancestors  in  a  desperate  fight  with  Indians  at  Walpole,  Connecticut,  in 
1755.  It  measured  from  muzzle  to  shoulder-guard  five  feet  eleven  inches,  and 
carried  an  ounce  ball.  Dr.  Kilboum  was  a  great  story  teller,  and  somewhat  eccentric, 
but  was  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Kenton  Kilbouen,  only  son  of.  Dr.  Henry  and  Lucy  M.  (Dyke)  Kilboum, 
was  bom  in  Covington,  Tioga  county,  June  1,  1862,  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  After  leaving  school  he  worked  for  a  time  on  the  coal  chute  at 
Amot,  and  later  as  a  brakeman  on  the  Tioga  railroad.  In  the  spring  of  1885  he 
was  employed  in  the  freight  office  at  Blossburg,  remaining  until  March,  1888,  when 
he  secured  his  present  position  as  weighmaster  for  the  Erie  Eailroad  Company,  his 
duties  being  to  weigh  the  coal  mined  at  Amot  and  Landrus.  The  position  is 
one  of  much  responsibility,  but  during  the  past  eight  years  he  has  proven  himself 


1124  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


faithful  and  efficient.  Mr.  Kilbourn  was  married  July  19,  1885,  to  Elnora  N. 
f  ulkerson,  a  daughter  of  Eaoch  and  Mary  Ann  Fulkerson,  of  Blossburg,  and  has 
four  children:  Edna  K.,  John  M.,  Cora  B.  and  an  infant  son.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Eepubliean,  and  is  recognized  as  an  enterprising  citizen. 

LuTHBE  Johnson  was  born  in  Vermont,  in  1790.  In  1813  his  parents  came 
to  Tioga  county,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Wellsboro,  in  Charleston  township. 
Here  he  grew  to  manhood  and  married  Zilpha  Shumway,  bom  June  11,  1796,  a 
daughter  of  Peter  Shumway,  to  which  union. eight  children  Avere  bom,  as  follows: 
Silas,  Eli,  and  Jacob,  deceased;  Sarah,  wife  of  Elmer  Bacon,  of  Nebraska;  Moses 
and  Luther  W.,  deceased;  Lydia,  wife  of  Curtis  Culver,  of  Middlebury,  Tioga 
county,  and  Alonzo,  a  farmer  residing  in  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Johnson  died  October 
17,  1849;  his  widow  survived  him  until  February  17,  1877,  dying  at  the  age  of 
eighty-one  years. 

De.  Luthee  W.  Johnson,  son  of  Luther  and  Zilpha  (Shumway)  Johnson, 
was  born  in  Wellsboro,  May  4, 1833.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  Wells- 
boro Academy,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1852.  He  next  took  a  course  in  the 
classical  and  medical  department  of  the  State  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan, 
graduating  in  1856.  In  1857  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Liberty,  Tioga 
county.  He  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  that  place  until  1883,  when 
he  removed  to  Blossburg,  where  he  practiced  without  interruption  until  his  death, 
June  29,  1896.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  years  of  practice  in  Tioga 
county.  He  was  formerly  a  member  and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Tioga  County 
Medical  Society.  Dr.  Johnson  was  married  June  7,  1858,  at  Wellsboro,  to  Mary  C. 
Mathers,  a  daughter  of  John  Mathers.  To  this  union  were  bom  the  following 
children:  Edward  W.;  Nettie  V.,  wife  of  Dr.  XT.  G.  Beck,  of  Elmira,  New  York; 
Helen  B.,  wife  of  Edward  Saks,  of  Milton,  Pennsylvania,  and  Gracie.  Dr.  Johnson 
was  a  life-long  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In 
addition  to  his  extensive  practice  he  also  conducted  a  drug  store.  He  was  recog- 
nized as  an  able  and  experienced  practitioner  and  as  one  of  the  progressive  and  en- 
terprising citizens  of  Blossburg. 

John  Cook  was  bom  at  Stockton-on-Tees,  County  of  Durham,  England,  Janu- 
ary 24, 1831,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Ellen  (Eoe)  Cook.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children,  of  whom  six  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood,  viz:  Elizabeth, 
deceased  wife  of  Phineas  Harrington;  Isaac,  deceased;  Jane,  wife  of  Joseph 
Baker,  deceased;  John,  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Hannah,  wife  of  George  Watson, 
and  William,  who  died  at  Morris,  Tioga  county,  in  September,  1892.  John  came 
to  Pennsylvania  in  1847,  and  spent  a  few  months  .in  Eeading,  locating  at  Bloss- 
burg, 'Tioga  county,  April  5,  1848.  He  had  leamed  the  bricklayer's  and  plasterer's 
trades  in  England,  and  followed  the  same  after  coming  to  Pennsylvania.  He  also 
worked  in  the  coal  mines  at  Arnot,  Barkley,  Fall  Brook  and  Morris  Eun  for  about 
six  years;  but  his  trade  has  been  his  life  vocation,  and  he  has  worked  on  a 
majority  of  the  buildings  erected  in  Blossburg  since  1848.  Mr.  Cook  was  married 
May  24,  1851,  to  Mary  Harris,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  Henry  Harris,  a  native  of  Haber- 
suchan,  Monmouthshire,  Wales,  who  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  1837,  resided  for  a 
time  in  Minersville,  and  then  located  in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county.  He  afterward 
went  to  Providence,  Ehode  Island,  to  work,  and  was  fatally  injured  by  a  boiler  ex- 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1125 


plosion,  living  but  a  few  days.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook  are  the  parents  of  eight  chil- 
dren, viz:  William  H.,  Isaac  Herbert,  deceased;  Phoebe  Ellen,  widow  of  David 
Botchford;  Hannah  Mary,  wife  of  James  S.  Kirkwood;  Isaac  Herbert  (2nd), 
George  Edward,  Alice  Jane,  deceased,  and  Elizabeth  Jane,  wife  of  Henry  H. 
Eeese.  In  politics,  Mr.  Cook  is  a  Prohibitionist,  has  served  as  treasurer  of  the 
borough  for  several  years,  also  as  judge  and  inspector  of  elections,  and  is  now  serv- 
ing a  second  term  as  justice  of  the  peace.  For  a  number  of  years  he  has  been  a  local 
preacher  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  for  ten  years  or  more  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday-school.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Blossburg,  and 
has  lived  a  life  of  quiet  industry.  A  man  of  high  moral  character  and  deep  religious 
convictions,  he  has  exemplified  his  principles  and  his  belief  in  his  daily  life,  winning 
thereby  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellowmen. 

John  Laweence  Sexton  was  bom  in  Veteran  township,  Chemung  county, 
New  York,  July  13,  1830,  a  son  of  John  Lawrence  and  Hannah  (Kenyon)  Sexton. 
He  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  Scotch-Irish  families  of  the  United  States, 
his  paternal  ancestor  having  located  in  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut  in  1637.  His 
grandfather,  Elijah  Sexton,  was  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  Indian  War  and  an 
officer  in  the  Continental  army.  When  John  L.  was  quite  young  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Big  Flats  township,  Chemung  county,  New  York,  where  his  father  pur- 
chased 700  acres  of  white  pine  timber  land,  erected  saw-mills  and  engaged  in  lum- 
bering. Young  Sexton  was  reared  on  the  farm,  was  principally  educated  at  the 
fireside  and  in  the  common  schools,  but  received  special  training  in  elocution,  logic 
and  rhetoric.  Before  he  was  twenty  years  of  age  he  had  read  Blackstone,  Kent, 
Storey  and  Marshall  and  the  standard  English  poets,  and  had  mastered  "Town's 
Analysis  of  the  EngHsh  Language."  On  May  28,  1851,  he  married  Grace  Adelaide 
Patterson,  a  grand-daughter  of  Eobert  Patterson,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  a 
daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Jane  (Jones)  Patterson,  of  Lindley,  Steuben  county, 
New  York.  For  ten  years  thereafter  he  pursued  farming  and  lumbering,  in  the 
meantime  serving  six  years  as  superintendent  of  township  schools  of  Big  Plats,  and 
several  years  as  deputy  United  States  marshal.  Meeting  with  reverses,  through  the 
failure  of  the  Bank  of  Corning,  he  came  to  Fall  Brook,  Tioga  county,  and  was  em- 
ployed by  Hon.  John  Magee,  first  as  a  laborer  in  the  forest  and  subsequently  as  store 
clerk,  weighmaster  and  shipper  of  coal.  He  also  filled  the  offices  of  assessor,  school 
director,  justice  of  the  peace,  burgess  and  principal  of  the  public  schools,  receiving 
provisional,  professional  and  a  permanent  certificate  from  the  school  department 
of  Pennsylvania,  as  a  teacher.  In  1875  Mr.  Sexton  was  selected  by  Gen.  William 
McCandless  as  clerk  to  assist  in  organizing  the  bureau  of  labor  and  industrial  statis- 
tics of  Pennsylvania,  at  Harrisburg,  and  almost  the  entire  labor  of  formulating, 
classifying  and  arranging  the  details  of  the  bureau  devolved  upon  him.  At  the 
close  of  his  four  years'  term  he  returned  to  Tioga  county,  located  at  Blossburg,  and 
established  the  Blossburg  Industrial  Register,  which  he  continued  to  publish  for 
two  years.  The  next  five  years  he  devoted  to  literary  pursuits,  during  which  time 
he  wrote  the  histories  of  Tioga  and  Bradford  counties,  Pennsylvania,  and  Steuben, 
Chemung,  Tioga  and  Schuyler  counties,  New  York;  "The  White  Slaves  of  Monopo- 
lies," "Uncle  Jonas  Lawrence's  Letters,"  and  numerous  articles  for  the  Sunday 


1126  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Telegram  of  Elmira,  the  New  York  Sun,  the  Harrisburg  Patriot  and  other  news- 
papers. 

In  December,  1885,  his  son,  Benjamin  P.  Sexton,  established  the  Blossburg 
Advertiser,  of  which  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  business  manager  and  a  general 
contributor  to  its  columns.  "Under  Mr.  Sexton's  management  the  Advertiser  has 
attained  a  large  circulation,  and  it  wields  a  strong  influence  throughout  the  Bloss- 
burg coal  region.  Mr.  Sexton  is  a  fearless  and  able  writer,  and  has  delivered 
many  public  addresses,  among  them  the  Centennial  address  in  the  House  of 
Eepresentatives,  at  Harrisburg,  July  4,  1876,  on  the  progress  and  development  of 
Pennsylvania  for  100  years;  two  Centennial  addresses  at  Painted  Post,  New  York; 
an  address  at  the  unveiling  of  the  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  William 
Mapes,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  by  the  counties  of  Steuben  and  Chemung,  at  Big 
Flats,  in  August,  1873;  the  Centennial  address  on  the  establishment  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Free  Masons,  and  the  Centennial  address  at  the  Polish  celebration  in  Bloss- 
burg, May  3,  1891.  Mr.  Sexton  is  a  member  of  the  Dauphin  County  Historical 
Society,  of  Harrisburg;  an  honorary  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, at  Philadelphia,  and  is  well  versed  in  the  history  of  the  State,  and  well  ac- 
quainted with  its  geological  formations  and  its  varied  mining,  manufacturing,  agri- 
cultural, railroad  and  industrial  interests  generally.  Mr.  Sexton's  family  consists 
of  his  wife,  Grace  Adelaide,  three  sons  and  four  daughters,  viz:  Samuel  M.,  Ben- 
jamin Patterson,  John  Lawrence,  Grace  Adelaide,  Mary  B.,  wife  of  Levi  Plummer, 
of  Pindlay,  Ohio;  Jane  P.  and  Susie  T. 

Jacob  B.  Mereick  was  bom  in  "Wellsboro,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  July 
4,  1835,  a  son  of  Isaac  Merrick,  and  grandson  of  Israel  Merrick,  Sr.,  and  obtained 
a  common  school  education.  Upon  arriving  at  manhood  he  adopted  dentistry  as  his 
profession,  and  resided  and  practiced  at  different  times  in  Charleston  township, 
Tioga  county;  Troy,  Bradford  county;  Blossburg  and  Mansfield,  Tioga  county,  and 
in  Elmira,  New  York.  He  removed  from  the  latter  place  to  Mansfield  in  1875, 
and  made  it  the  place  of  his  residence  until  his  death,  March  1,  1878.  Dr.  Mer- 
rick married  Lucy  A.  Bums,  a  native  of  Oppingham,  Fulton  county,  New  York,  to 
which  union  were  bom  three  children,  viz:  A.  E.,  a  dentist  of  Millerton,  Tioga 
county;  D.  0.,  a  dentist  of  Blossburg,  and-  Walter  T.,  attomey-at-law  of  the  same 
borough.  On  December  5, 1883,  Mrs.  Merrick  married  for  her  second  husband,  Eev. 
Hiram  Short,  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  They  reside  in  Bloss- 
burg. 

Michael  Kelly  was  born  in  County  Kerry,  Ireland,  in  1832.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1853  and  located  in  Gibson,  Steuben  county.  New  York,  at 
which  place  he  resided  for  three  years.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Gang  Mills,  in  the 
same  county,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then  located  in  Coming.  Here  he 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business,  which  he  carried  on  in  that  city  up  to  1866.  In 
June  of  that  year  he  came  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  bought 
the  building  then  owned  by  Daniel  Williams,  formerly  occupied  by  the  store  of  the 
Arbon  Coal  Company,  in  which  he  opened  a  grocery.  He  continued  in  business 
until  1870,  when  owing  to  failing  health  his  wife  took  charge  of  the  store,  which 
she  still  carries  on  under  the  name  of  Mrs.  M.  Kelly.  It  is  now  the  oldest  business 
house  in  the  borough.     Mr.  Kelly  was  married  August  10,  1856,  to  Bridget  Healy, 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1127 


a  native  of  County  Kerry,  Ireland,  to  which  union  were  bom  ten  children,  as  fol- 
lows: John  W.,  Mary  A.,  widow  of  James  Kirwan,  of  Blossburg;  Johanna  E., 
Michael  F.,  who  married  Mary  Downs,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  (Diggins) 
Downs,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  and  has  two  children,  William  D.  and  Walter  L.; 
Bridget  and  Kate,  twins;  Thomas  P.  and  Peter  D.,  both  deceased,  and  two  that 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Kelly  died  December  19,  1888.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Demo- 
crat, and  in  religion,  a  member  of  St.  Andrew's  Eoman  Catholic  church  of  Bloss- 
burg, to  which  his  widow  and  children  belong.  John  W.  has  served  one  term  in 
the  borough  council.  He  is  an  adherent  of  the  Eepublican  party,  a  member  of  St. 
Andrew's  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Society,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  public- 
spirited  and  progressive  citizens  of  the  borough. 

David  E.  Evans,  son  of  Eiehard  A.  and  Mary  Evans,  was  born  in  Capcoch, 
South  Wales,  February  28,  1859.  His  parents  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  and 
located  in  Morris  Eun,  Tioga  county,  in  December,  1870,  where  his  father  mined 
coal  until  1874,  when  he  moved  to  Eound  Top,  where  he  still  resides.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  the  fourth  of  six  children,  named  as  follows:  Mary  Ann,  wife  of 
Daniel  Griffiths,  of  Antrim;  Evan  E.,  of  Blossburg;  John  E.,  of  Antrim;  David 
E.,  of  Blossburg;  Catherine,  wife  of  Eobert  Carpenter,  of  Antrim,  and  Elizabeth 
Jane,  wife  of  Arthur  Bowen,  of  Eound  Top.  At  the  age  of  eight  years  David  E. 
entered  a  tea  store  in  Wales,  remaining  there  until  the  family  came  to  the  United 
States.  He  worked  five  yeaxs  in  the  mines  at  Morris  Eun,  and  in  1876  began  clerking 
in  the  store  of  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  at  Antrim.  In  1879  he  went  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  was  there  employed  for  a  year  as  a  salesman,  and  later  worked  two 
years  in  a  rolling  mill.  In  1882  he  returned  to  Antrim,  re-entered  the  service  of 
the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  was  employed  three  months  exploring  for  coal,  and 
was  then  given  the  position  of  boss  mule  driver  in  the  mines.  This  he  filled  for 
several  years,  and  then  resumed  mining.  He  next  was  employed  as  a  traveling  sales- 
man for  the  Grand  Union  Tea  Company.  In  1889,  in  connection  with  J.  J.  Mills, 
he  bought  out  the  tea,  crockery  and  glassware  firm  of  Hyde  &  Cowley,  of  Bloss- 
burg. The  business  was  carried  on  under  the  firm  name  of  Evans  &  Mills  until 
1890,  when  it  was  consolidated  with  that  of  Daniels  &  Newport.  In  October,  1894, 
Mr.  Evans  bought  out  Mr.  Daniels'  interest,  and  has  since  conducted  the  business 
in  his  own  name.  October  16,  1879,  he  married  Jane  Davis,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Ann  Davis,  of  Cherry  Plats,  Tioga  county,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  six 
children,  viz:  Gwennie,  Mary,  deceased;  Annie,  Jane  Victoria,  deceased;  Ethel, 
deceased,  and  Eena.  In  politics,  Mr.  Evans  is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a 
member  of  the  Welsh  Congregational  church.  He  is  also  connected  with  Blossburg 
Lodge,  No.  167,  K.  of  H. 

Matthew  C.  Blaik,  merchant  tailor,  was  bom  in  Cumbernauld,  Dumbarton- 
shire, Scotland,  June  2,  1841,  and  is  one  of  nine  children  bom  to  James  and  Mary 
(Crawford)  Blair.  The  other  members  of  the  family  are  as  follows:  Eliza,  wife  of 
John  Eussell,  a  resident  of  Scotland;  Marian,  wife  of  Alexander  Allen,  a  resident  of 
the  same  land;  James,  who  resides  in  Anita,  Pennsylvania;  William  and  John,  both 
residents  of  Scotland;  Mary,  wife  of  a  Mr.  Murray,  of  Scotland;  Janet,  wife  of  James 
Wiley,  of  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  and  Jennie,  who  lives  in  Scotland.  Mr. 
Blair's  father  came  to  Amot,  Tioga  county,  in  1873,  worked  in  the  coal  mines  for  a 


1128  HISTOEY    OK    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

few  years,  and  then  returned  to  Scotland,  where  he  died  in  1878.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  a  common  school  education,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  to  the 
tailor's  trade  in  Scotland.  In  June,  1869,  he  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  and 
located  in  Amot,  Tioga  county.  He  worked  in  the  mines  for  thirteen  years  and 
later  at  his  trade  in  Ariiot  for  eight  years.  In  1890  he  came  to  Blosshurg  and  opened 
a  merchant  tailor's  establishment  over  Eoberts'  store.  In  the  spring  of  1891  he 
moved  further  south  on  the  same  street,  renting  for  a  year  and  then  purchasing 
the  building.  Here  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1895,  when  he  removed  to  the 
building  previously  occupied  by  H.  H.  Eoberts.  He  carried  on  merchant  tailoring 
exclusively  until  1894,  when  he  added  ready-made  clothing,  hats,  caps  and  furnishing 
goods.  Mr.  Blair  was  married  December  31,  1861,  to  Susan  Arthur,  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Susan  (Carrick)  Arthur,  of  Cumbernauld,  Scotland.  Fourteen  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union,  all  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  James,  Kate,  wife  of  John 
Hutchinson,  of  Houtzdale;  Mary,  wife  of  N.  E.  Mitchell,  of  Blossburg;  Susan,  Eliza, 
Elizabeth,  Marion,  John,  Agnes,  Janet,  Jennie,  Ada  and  Emma,  twins,  and  Mat- 
thew. In  politics,  Mr.  Blair  is  independent,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  Christ  at  Amot.  By  unremitting  industry  and  prudence,  Mr.  Blair  has 
not  only  reared  and  educated  his  large  family,  but  has  built  up  a  profitable  and 
growing  business.  He  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  citizen,  and  has  achieved 
a  well-earned  reputation  for  honesty,  industry  and  integrity. 

Andhew  Andbbson,  merchant  tailor,  was  born  in  Dolsland,  Sweden,  January 
25,  1859,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Cagsa  Anderson.  He  learned  the  tailoring 
trade  in  his  youth,  and  in  June,  1881,  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  remaining  a 
short  time  in  Antrim,  Tioga  county.  He  then  came  to  Blossburg  and  worked  for 
L.  Meyers  until  1886,  when  he  started  in  business  for  himself  in  the  Odd  Fellows' 
Hall  block.  In  1887  he  removed  to  his  present  location.  He  has  two  brothers  in  this 
country,  Eric,  a  coal  miner  at  Antrim,  and  Frank,  employed  in  the  tailor  shop. 
His  father  died  in  1878,  aged  fifty-three  years.  His  mother  is  still  living  in  Sweden. 
Mr.  Anderson  was  married  in  October,  1882,  to  Annie  Carlson,  a  native  of  Sweden, 
to  which  union  two  children  were  born,  viz:  Kate  and  Gustav.  Mrs.  Anderson 
died  December  25,  1884.  On  August  15,  1887,  he  married  Mary  N.  Hyland,  a 
daughter  of  Joseph  Hyland,  of  Blossburg,  and  has  three  children  by  this  mar- 
riage, as  follows:  Euth,  Arthur  and  DeSeales.  In  politics,  Mr.  Anderson  is  a 
Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church.  He  is  also  con- 
nected with  Blossburg  Lodge,  No.  167,  K.  of  H.  He  is  popular  both  as  a  business 
man  and  citizen,  and  during  the  years  he  has  been  in  business  for  himself  as  a  mer- 
chant tailor,  has  built  up  a  profitable  trade. 

William  E.  Logan  was  bom  February  9,  1849,  and  in  1857  came  with  his  par- 
ents, Eobert  and  Barbara  (Shaw)  Logan,  to  Morris  Eun,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  father  was  a  coal  miner  and  worked  in  the  mines  at  Morris  Eun,  Fall 
Brook  and  Arnot,  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  Jackson  township,  where  he  fol- 
lowed farming  until  his  death,  September  15,  1884,  at  the  age  of  sixty-nine  years. 
His  widow  died  March  23,  1895,  aged  seventy-three  years.  William  E.  was  one 
of  fourteen  children,  viz:  James,  who  enlisted  in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  at  Gettysburg;  Alexander, 
a  chute  foreman  at  Arnot;  Eobert,  manager  of  Bell  &  Lewis'  stores,  Dubois,  Penn- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1129 


sylvania;  John  S.,  an  engineer  on  tlie  Northern  Central  railroad,  who  resides  in 
Bbnira;  Sarah,  deceased  wife  of  James  Stevenson,  of  Cherry  Flats,  Tioga  county; 
William  E.,  of  Blosshurg;  Margaret  R.,  wife  of  John  B.  Brown,  of  Covington; 
Jacob,  who  died  in  October,  1881;  Charles  S.,  a  physician  of  Amot;  Barbara,  de- 
ceased wife  of  E.  J.  Payne,  of  Jackson  Summit,  Tioga  county;  Jennie  R.,  a  resident 
of  Blossburg;  Agnes  N.,  a  school  teacher  of  Amot;  David  Y.,  a  farmer  at  Jackson 
Summit,  and  Lizzie  W.,  who  died  November  11,  1895.  Prom  1860  to  1871,  Mr. 
Logan  worked  in  the  mines,  but  in  the  latter  year  he  entered  the  store  of  the  Bloss- 
burg Coal  Company  as  a  clerk,  and  continued  in  the  employ  of  their  successors,  W. 
W.  Bradbury,  and  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company,  until  January,  1897,  when  he 
located  in  Blossburg  and  there  opened  a  groceiy  store,  which  he  has  since  carried 
on.  His  long  experience  in  Amot  has  given  him  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  busi- 
ness, which  will  prove  valuable  to  him  in  his  new  field  of  effort.  On  October  24, 
1873,  he  married  Elizabeth  Prethero,  a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Ann  Prethero,  of 
Morris  Run.  To  this  union  have  been  bom  six  children,  viz:  Robert  E.,  a  book- 
keeper in  the  office  of  the  Bossburg  Coal  Company,  at  Amot;  M.  Gertrude,  William 
R.,  deceased;  Charles  P.,  deceased;  James  R.,  and  Laura  M.,  deceased.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Logan  is  a  Republican.  He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  from  1889  to  1894, 
and  has  filled  the  various  township  offices.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  is  also  connected^  with  the  K.  of  P.,  of  Amot. 

Israel  Biddle  was  born  in  Canton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  13, 
1838,  and  is  the  third  in  a  fiamily  of  eight  children,  born  to  Joseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Headley)  Biddle.  His  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows:  Martha,  de- 
ceased; Wallace,  a  resident  of  Blossburg;  Euphema,  wife  of  Alfred  J.  Conklin; 
Fidelo  and  Almerian,  residents  of  Canton;  Hettie,  deceased,  and  Silas,  also  a  resi- 
dent of  Canton.  The  parents  were  natives  of  Montour  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
removed  to  Bradford  county  early  in  the  thirties,  where  they  passed  the  remainder 
of  their  lives.  Israel  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  obtained  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war.  In  April,  1861,  in  response  to  President  Lincoln's  first  call,  he 
volunteered,  but  the  quota  being  full  his  company  was  not  accepted.  In  September, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
was  mustered  in  as  first  corporal,  and  participated  in  the  engagements  of  Ball's 
Bluff,  Big  Bethel,  Strausburg,  Siege  of  Yorktown,  New  Kent  Court  House,  Pair 
Oaks,  Seven  Days'  Eight  before  Richmond,  and  Malvern  Sill.  While  building 
an  observatory  or  lookout,  at  Yorktown,  he  had  three  ribs  broken  by  falling  timbers 
dislodged  by  shells  from  the  rebel  batteries.  While  engaged  on  the  skirmish  line 
at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  his  blanket,  which  was  rolled  up  on  his  shoulders,  was 
riddled  with  bullets,  and  a  ball  was  imbedded  in  an  ambrotype  in  his  pocket,  a  like- 
ness of  the  woman  who  became  his  wife.  He  was  honorably  discharged  November 
10,  1862,  by  reason  of  sickness  arising  from  his  injured  side.  In  June,  1863,  he 
responded  to  the  call  for  Emergency  Men,  and  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Thirtieth 
Pennsylvania  Militia.  He  was  made  orderly  sergeant  of  his  company,  and  on  June 
25,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant.  He  was  discharged  with  his  com- 
mand, July  26,  following.  His  brother,  Wallace,  served  in  Company  C,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 


1130  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


Antietam;  while  his  brother  Fidelo  was  a  member  of  Company  D,  One  Hundred 
and  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  his  brother  Almerian,  of  Company  C, 
Thirtieth  Pennsylvania  Militia.  The  two  latter  re-enlisted  in  Company  D,  Fiftieth 
IsTew  York  Engineers.  Mr.  Biddle  was  married  September  3,  1863,  to  Adelia  Den- 
mark, a  daughter  of  Jesse  D.  and  Emeline  Denmark,  of  Ward  township,  Tioga 
county.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Elmer  E.,  a  resident 
of  Kane,  McKean  county;  Ina  E.,  wife  of  Isaac  H.  Cook,  of  Blossbuig;  Bert  J., 
Jesse  D.,  Prank  I.,  Elizabeth  and  Anna.  After  leaving  the  army  Mr.  Biddle  re- 
turned to  Canton  and  resumed  work  at  his  trade.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Ogdens- 
burg,  Tioga  county,  and  in  1876  settled  in  Blossburg,  where  for  the  past  twenty 
years  he  has  worked  as  a  carpenter.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Kepublican,  and  in  religion, 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  has  held  the  of&ce  of  P.  C.  of 
Brown  Post,  No.  171,  G.  A.  K.,  of  Blossburg,  for  seven  successive  terms,  excepting 
the  year  1894. 

Patkick  Dwteb  was  bom  and  reared  in  County  Tipperary,  Ireland,  and  there 
married  Mary  Eyan,  a  native  of  the  same  county.  In  1853  he  came  to  Pennsylvania 
and  settled  at  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  where  he  worked  as  a  laborer.  When  the 
coal  mines  were  opened  iip  at  Morris  Eun  he  removed  there,  remaining  four  years. 
He  next  found  employment  in  the  construction  of  the  railroad  from  Blossburg  to 
Fall  Brook,  settling  in  the  latter  place  upon  its  completion,  and  died  in  that  borough, 
March  8,  1888,  aged  sixty-six  years.  His  widow  makes  her  home  with  her  son-in- 
law,  M.  S.  Murray,  of  Blossburg.  She  is  seventy-two  years  of  age.  They  were  the 
parents  of  six  children,  viz:  John  F.,  of  Antrim;  Edward  P.,  who  died  September 
19, 1882;  Iforah,  wife  of  M.  S.  Murray,  of  Blossburg;  Michael,  a  resident  of  Antrim; 
Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  Howe,  of  Fall  Brook,  and  Bridget,  a  resident  of  Blossburg. 
In  religion,  the  family  are  adherents  of  the  Catholic  church,  and  in  politics,  sup- 
porters of  the  Democratic  party. 

John  F.  Dwtee,  eldest  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  Dwyer,  was  bom  in  Morris 
Eun,  Tioga  county,  November  6,  1854.  He  attended  the  village  school  until  ten 
years  of  age,  when  he  commenced  working  in  the  mines  at  Fall  Brook.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1879,  he  went  to  Corning,  New  York,  and  found  employment  as  a  brakeman 
until  July,  1880,  when  he  returned  to  Fall  Brook  and  had  charge  of  the  shipping 
of  coal  for  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company  until  April  1,  1881.  On  that  date  he  took 
charge  of  the  Fall  Brook  Hotel,  which  he  managed  up  to  May  1,  1888.  He  then 
removed  to  Antrim,  where  he  has  since  conducted  the  Antrim  Hotel,  and  is  a  suc- 
cessful and  popular  landlord.  Mr.  Dwyer  was  married  June  3,  1879,  to  Catherine 
Kain,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Kain,  of  Painted  Post,  New  York,  who 
has  borne  him  seven  children,  as  follows:  John  F.,  Edward  P.,  who  died  August 
19,  1893;  James  K.,  Elizabeth,  Mary  and  Joseph  (twins),  and  Paul.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Dwyer  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  members  of 
his  party  in  the  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  county  committee,  and  in  1896 
was  one  of  the  Democratic  congressional  conferees.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  church,  and  is  connected  with  Division  No.  3,  A.  0.  H.  He  is  essen- 
tially a  self-educated  and  self-made  man,  and  owes  his  business  success  to  untiring 
effort  and  strict  integrity. 

M.  S.  MuERAY,  proprietor  of  the  Seymour  House,  Blossburg,  was  bom  in  County 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1131 


Wateriord,  Ireland,  May  15,  1858,  and  is  a  son  of  Patrick  and  Catherine  (Shanna- 
han)  Murray.  He  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  six  children,  named  as  follows: 
John,  a  resident  of  Punxsutawney,  Pennsylvania;  M.  S.,  of  Blossburg;  Mary,  wife 
of  M.  J.  Coyne,  a  resident  of  Wisconsin;  William,  an  engineer  on  the  Buffalo, 
Eochester  and  Pittsburg  railroad;  Maggie,  wife  of  William  Daley,  of  Detroit,  Michi- 
gan, and  Patrick,  who  died  October  23,  1896.  In  April,  1864,  the  family  immi- 
grated to  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  whence  they  removed  two  years  later  to  Barclay, 
Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  remaining  there  until  1887.  They  then  located  in 
Punxsutawney,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  father  died  in  February,  1893,  and  where 
the  mother  is  still  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  September  38, 
1882,  to  Norah  Dwyer,  a  daughter  of  Patrick  and  Mary  Dwyer,  and  has  a  family 
of  five  children,  viz:  Mary,  Edward,  John,  Genevieve  ajid  Francis.  Mr.  Murray 
began  workng  in  the  mines  when  twelve  years  of  age.  In  1883  he  became  a  clerk 
in  the  Fall  Brook  Company's  store,  and  in  1887  took  charge  of  the  Fall  Brook  Hotel, 
which  he  managed  successfully  until  January,  1895,  when  he  leased  the  Seymour 
House,  at  Blossburg,  and  since  taking  charge  of  the  latter  has  largely  increased  its 
patronage  and  proven  himself  a  popular  lajidlord.  In  polities,  Mr.  Murray  is  a 
stanch  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  St.  Andrews'  Catholic  church,  of 
Blossburg.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  A.  0.  H.,  has  served  several  years 
as  county  president,  and  in  1896  was  elected  state  vice-president  of  that  order.  As 
a  business  man,  he  is  energetic  and  enterprising,  and  as  a  citizen,  public-spirited 
and  progressive. 

William  F.  O'Donnell,  son  of  Eichard  and  Mary  O'Donnell,  was  born  in 
Clare  county,  Ireland,  April  10,  1845.  His  parents  came  to  America  in  the  spring 
of  1854,  and  settled  near  Ealston,  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1856  his 
father  purchased  a  farm  near  Canton,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  which  he 
cultivated  for  over  thirty  years.  He  died  February  17,  1890,  aged  ninety-one  years, 
and  his  wife  in  Febmary,  1885,  aged  eighty-five  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
one  of  nine  children,  of  whom  but  two  beside  himself  are  living,  viz:  Mary,  widow 
of  Daniel  Downes,  residing  in  Canton,  Bradford  county,  and  Eichard,  a  farmer  of 
Union  township,  Tioga  county.  Mr.  O'Donnell  received  a  common  school  education 
in  his  youth.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  went  to  Fall  Brook  and  secured  employment 
as  a  woodsman.  He  afterwards  secured  the  position  of  superintendent  of  mule 
drivers  in  and  about  the  mines  at  that  place,  filling  it  from  1872  to  1885.  For  the 
next  three  years  he  was  engaged  in  supplying  and  conducting  a  meat  market  in 
Fall  Brook.  In  August,  1888,  he  came  to  Blossburg,  and  bought  the  Yonkin 
House,  previously  run  by  Joseph  Yonkin.  He  changed  the  name  to  the  O'Donnell 
House,  and  carried  it  on  until  April,  1895.  He  then  removed  to  Canton,  intending 
to  embark  in  business.  In  April,  1896,  he  returned  to  Blossburg,  purchased  the 
Murray  House,  and  changed  its  name  to  the  O'Donnell  House.  This  he  has  since 
successfully  conducted.  Mr.  O'Donnell  was  married  June  5,  1864,  to  Catherine 
O'Donnell,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Nora  O'Donnell,  to  which  union  nine  children 
have  been  bom,  viz:  Mary  J.,  deceased;  Margaret,  Catherine,  Elizabeth,  Eichard, 
Willie,  deceased;  John,  William  F.,  and  one  died  in  infancy.  In  politics,  Mr. 
O'Donnell  is  an  independent,  and  while  in  Fall  Brook  he  served  as  tax  collector, 
school  director  and  secretary  of  the  .school  board.     Mr.  O'Donnell  and  family  are 


1132  HISTOBT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


members  of  the  Catholic  church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  C.  K.  of  A.  and  of  the  A. 
0.  H.,  and  is  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  progressive  and  enterprising  citizens  of 
Blossburg. 

J.  D.  CoNNEES,  son  of  J.  D.  and  Mary  (Sullivan)  Conners,  was  bom  in  Way- 
land,  Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  received  a  common  school  education  and 
when  sixteen  years  of  age  left  home  and  went  to  Morris  Eun,  where  he  was  employed 
in  a  meat  market,  continuing  there  until  1892,  when  he  removed  to  Blossburg,  and 
embarked  in  the  wholesale  liquor  business,  which  he  still  carries  on.  He  was  mar- 
ried September  23,  1890,  to  Anna  Fogarty,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Anna  (Blake) 
Fogarty,  to  which  union  one  child,  May,  has  been  bom.  In  politics,  Mr.  Conners 
is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  Catholic.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  0.  H.  While 
a  resident  of  Morris  Eun  he  filled  the  office  of  auditor.  He  has  one  brother,  D.  J., 
a  farmer  living  near  Curtis,  New  York.  His  mother  died  in  1877,  and  his  father 
in  November,  1892. 

Frank  D.  Andeews  was  bom  in  Wyoming  county.  New  York,  February  18, 
1835.  He  came  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  coimty,  Pennsylvania,  July  4,  1871,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  wholesale  liquor  business,  which  he  has  continued  up  to  the  present 
time.  He  has  ever  taken  an  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  the  borough,  and  has  done 
much  to  promote  its  general  welfare.  He  has  been  elected  burgess  of  Blossburg 
four  times,  and  his  previous  terms  were  most  successful  in  all  the  departments  com- 
ing under  his  jurisdiction.  The  streets  were  permanently  improved,  the  cross  walks 
and  culverts  made  of  stone,  the  fire  department  well-equipped,  the  debt  of  the  bor- 
ough reduced  and  its  affairs  placed  on  an  economical  and  business  basis.  The  sub- 
ject of  water  works  had  been  agitated  from  time  to  time,  without  accomplishing  the 
desired  purpose.  Failing  to  enlist  the  council  and  the  people  in  the  enterprise  of 
putting  in  water  works  on  their  own  account,  Mr.  Andrews  was  largely  instrumental 
in  enlisting  capital  from  another  locality  to  accomplish  the  work,  thus  protecting, 
to  a  large  extent,  the  property  of  citizens  from  destructive  fires  and  giving  the 
people  an  opportunity  of  securing  pure  water  for  drinking  and  culinary  purposes. 
Mr.  Andrews  is  now  filling  his  fourth  term  as  burgess.  He  is  a  public-spirited 
citizen,  and  highly  respected  for  his  integrity  of  purpose  and  for  his  interest  in  the 
public  good. 

Fbancis  Louis  Viel  was  born  in  France,  about  the  year  1815,  and,  while  yet 
a  young  man,  removed  to  the  Isle  of  Jersey,  where  he  married  Duce  LeHuquet, 
who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  B.  Vaselin,  of  Blossburg;  Ann, 
wife  of  Mr.  Lainare,  a  resident  of  France;  Francis  A.,  of  Blossburg;  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Peter  Eussell,  of  Aukland,  New  Zealand,  and  Jane,  wife  of  Peter  Bruielly,  of 
Blossburg.  Mr.  Viel,  who  was  a  contractor  and  builder,  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1881,  and  made  his  home  with  his  son,  Francis  A.,  of  Blossburg,  Tioga  coimty, 
until  his  death.     He  died  March  10,  1886,  and  his  wife,  in  1884. 

Feancis  a.  Viel,  only  son  of  Francis  Louis  Viel,  was  bom  on  the  Isle  of 
Jersey,  August  23,  1847.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  and  served  an 
apprenticeship  to  the  mason's  trade.  Coming  to  Pennsylvania  in  1873,  he  located 
in  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  where  he  followed  contracting  and  building  until  De- 
cember, 1894,  when  he  bought  out  the  hardware  and  tinsmithing  establishment  of 
Miller  &  Eussell.     Mr.  Viel  was  married  January  1,  1867,  in  the  Isle  of  Jersey,  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1133 


Ann  LeVesconte,  to  which  union  there  haye  been  bom  four  children,  viz:  Anna, 
deceased;  Morenee,  wife  of  William  Besanceney,  of  Blossburg;  Francis,  and  Annie. 
Mr.  Viel  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  has  filled  the  office  of  borough  assessor.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  is  also  connected  with  the 
Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  societies.  He  carried  on  a  general  hardware  and  tin- 
smithing  btfsiness  up  to  November,  1896,  and  is  now  engaged  in  contracting  and 
building. 

Albeet  Beutee,  son  of  Frederick  and  Lena  (Plank)  Beuter,  was  bom  May 
31,  1861,  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  Two  brothers,  Wil- 
liam and  Henry,  and  one  sister,  Ethel,  as  well  as  his  father  and  mother,  reside  in 
Charleston  township;  while  one  brother,  Perry,  and  a  sister,  Laura,  are  dead.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. In  1889  he  went  to  Mansfield  and  worked  in  the  saw-mill  of  Wilson  Day. 
In  1891  he  came  to  Blossburg,  and  makes  teaming  his  occupation,  devoting  himself 
principally  to  delivering  coal  from  the  mine  of  Golden  Brothers.  Mr.  Beuter  was 
married  in  March,  1885,  to  Anna  Clemens,  a  daughter  of  Nicholas  Clemens,  of 
Charleston  township,  Tioga  county.  They  have  three  children:  Harry,  Lawrence 
and  Frederick.     In  politics,  Mr.  Beuter  is  a  Democrat. 

Nicholas  Schultz,  son  of  Andrew  and  Margaret  (Zimmer)  Schultz,  was  bom 
in  Prussia,  Germany,  January  18,  1844,  and  is  the  oldest  of  three  children,  born 
to  the  first  marriage  of  his  father,  his  brother  John,  an  engineer  in  the  Staat- 
Zeitung  building,  in  Chicago,  and  himself  being  the  only  survivors.  His  mother 
died  in  Germany  in  1851,  and  his  father  married  Theresa  Vietchie,  a  native  of 
Baden,  Germany.  Jasper,  the  first-born  of  this  union,  and  Jacob,  the  second,  are 
residents  of  Cohocton,  Steuben  county.  New  York.  Mr.  Schultz  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1850,  and  located  in  Syracuse,  New  York,  where  he  was  joined 
by  his  sons,  John  and  Nicholas,  who  came  from  Germany  with  an  uncle,  a  few  years 
later.  In  1861  the  parents  moved  to  Cohocton,  where  they  still,  reside,  the  father 
being  seventy-nine  years  of  age.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  began  life  for  himself  as  a  farm  hand  in  Herkimer  county. 
New  York,  where  he  worked  for  two  years.  He  then  found  employment  one  year 
with  the  Onondaga  Salt  Company,  and  later  was  a  watchman  for  Stiles  Eust,  of 
Syracuse,  two  years.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  Franklin  N.  Drake,  of  Cohoc- 
ton, remaining  there  until  1866,  when  Mr.  Drake  transferred  him  to  Amot,  Tioga 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  coal  mines  were  then  being  opened  up.  At  the 
time  Mr.  Schultz  located  in  Amot  there  were  but  three  houses  in  the  place.  He 
went  to  work  in  the  saw-mill  as  head  sawyer  and  saw  setter,  continuing  there  for 
three  years,  when  he  was  given  the  position  of  saw  filer,  which  he  filled  until  1881, 
when  he  was  made  outside  foreman  of  the  mills  at  Amot,  a  position  he  has  since 
filled  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  Mr.  Schultz  was  married  in  July,  1869,  to  Margaret 
Muntz,  a  daughter  of  John  Muntz,  of  Cohocton,  New  York,  and  is  the  father  of 
seven  children,  named  as  follows:  John,  a  resident  of  Cohocton;  Margaret,  de- 
ceased; Frank,  Flora,  wife  of  James  Creighton,  of  Amot;  William,  Nora,  deceased, 
and  Eay.  In  politics,  Mr.  Schultz  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the 
Catholic  church,  of  Arnot.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Father  Matthew  Branch 
of  the  C.  K.  of  A.,  of  Blossburg. 


1J^34  HISTOET    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Matthew  A.  Blaie,  son  of  Walter  and  Elizabeth  (Allen)  Blair,  was  bom  in 
Cumbernauld,  Scotland,  March  13, 1855,  and  is  one  of  eight  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living.  James,  the  fourth  bom,  is  a  physician  in  Groton,  New  York,  and  Wal- 
ter, the  youngest,  is  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  the  Bl'ossburg  Coal  Company  at  Amot, 
Tioga  county.  The  others  died  in  early  youth.  In  1869,  Matthew  A.  and  his 
father  came  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  in  Amot,  Tioga  county,  where  they  found 
employment  in  the  mines.  In  1870  his  mother,  with  the  remainder  of  the  family, 
joined  them.  His  father  died  in  October,  1876,  aged  forty-five  years,  but  his  mother 
is  still  living.  Mr.  Blair  received  a  common  school  education  in.  Scotland.  At 
eleven  years  of  age  he  went  to  work  in  the  mines,  and  followed  coal'  mining  until 
September,  1884,  when  he  entered  the  store  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company,  in 
Amot,  as  a  clerk,  which  position  he  filled  until  1888.^  He  was  then  placed  in 
charge  of  the  company's  store  at  Landrus,  where  he  remained  until  August,  1893, 
when  he  returned  to  Amot,  and,  with  Mack  Scudder,  took  charge  as  manager  of 
the  stores  of  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company.  Mr.  Blair  was  married  January  11, 
1884,  to  Nettie  Mitchell,  daughter  of  James  6.  and  Mary  Mitchell,  of  Amot,  to 
which  union  have  been  born  five  children,  viz:  Walter,  James,  Nellie,  Ethel  and 
Mary.  In  politics,  Mr.  Blair  is  a  Republican.  During  his  residence  in  Landrus 
he  served  as  postmaster,  and  also  filled  the  offices  of  town  clerk  and  school  director. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  of  Bloss  Lodge,  No.  350,  P.  & 
A.  M.,  and  of  Arbon  Lodge,  No.  489,  I.  0.  0.  P.  As  the  result  of  a  practical  ex- 
perience of  nearly  thirty  years,  Mr.  Blair  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  all  the  details 
of  coal  mining,  and  by  industry  and  an  intelligent  discharge  of  the  responsible  duties 
of  his  various  positions,  has  merited  his  successive  promotions. 

D.  C.  Watees,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Cortland  county.  New  York, 
April  26,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Aretus  and  Caroline  Waters.  His  parents  had  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  named  as  follows:  Eunice  and  Sarah,  both  of  whom  died 
in  infancy;  Alexander,  a  resident  of  Cortland  county.  New  York;  Merton,  who 
died  May  22,  1894;  Albertus,  a  resident  of  Nebraska;  Oscar,  who  resides  at  Lan- 
sing, Michigan;  Orson,  who  lives  in  Truxton,  New  York;  Alvah  D.,  who  died  May 
21,  1870;  Henry,  a  resident  of  Cuyler,  New  York;  D.  C,  a  physician  of  Amot; 
George,  who  lives  in  Australia,  and  Emily,  wife  of  James  Blanchard,  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland.  The  father  died  November  17,  1869,  aged  eighty-seyen  years,  and  the 
mother.  May  30,  1876,  aged  eighty-seven  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Cortland,  New 
York.  In  the  winter  of  1859-60  he  attended  lectures  at  the  Medical  College,  George- 
town, D.  C.  On  May  9,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twelfth  New  York  Vol- 
unteers, and  on  December  9,  of  the  same  year,  he  was  transferred  to  Mt.  Pleasant 
Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  filled  the  position  of  hospital  steward  until 
August  1,  1862,  when  he  joined  Company  E,  One  Hundred  and  Pifty-seventh  New 
York  Volunteers.  The  following  December  he  was  again  transferred  to  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant Hospital,  where  he  filled  the  position  of  acting  assistant  surgeon  until  discharged, 
August  28, 1865.  He  soon  after  resumed  his  medical  studies,  and  attended  George- 
town College,  from  which  he  graduated  March  4, 1867.  Sixteen  days  later  he  began 
practice  in  Scott,  Cortland  county.  New  York,  where  he  continued  until  November 
21,  1870,  when  he  removed  to  Amot,  Tioga  county,  I'ennsylvania,  where  he  has 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1135 


since  resided  and  practiced  medicine.  Dr.  Waters  was  married  November  1,  1868, 
at  Knoxville,  Tioga  county,  to  Miss  Sue  Brown,  a  daughter  of  Eev.  J.  W.  Brown. 
They  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Nellie,  wife  of  Seth  Palmer,  of 
Baltimore,  Maryland;  Blanche,  who  died  October  33,  1890;  John  W.,  Montgomery, 
Gladys  and  Happy,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  In  politics.  Dr.  Waters  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  is  now  serving  his  fifth  term  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  has  also  filled  the  office 
of  school  director.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  he  is 
connected  with  the  K.  of  P.,  of  Amot;  Bloss  Lodge,  No.  350,  F.  &  A.  M.;  Winter- 
view  Castle,  No.  220,  K.  of  G.  E.,  of  Amot,  and  Brown  Post,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Bloss- 
burg.  Dr.  Waters  has  built  up  a  good  practice  and  ranks  among  the  skillful  phy- 
sicians of  the  county.  He  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  people  of  Amot, 
among  whom  he  has  lived  and  practiced  his  profession  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

J.  W.  Jackson,  son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Jackson,  was  born  in  Cornwall, 
England,  September  17,  1859.  In  1868  his  parents  came  to  Pennsylvania  and 
settled  in  Burlington,  Bradford  county,  remaining  there  until  1870,  when  they 
removed  to  Blossbiirg,  Tioga  county,  where  they  now  reside.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  the  eldest  of  four  brothers.  Charles  E.,  resides  in  Binghamton,  New 
York;  David  E.,  in  Elmira,  and  Alfred  T.,  in  Blossburg.  Mr.  Jackson  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  painter  and  paper  hanger, 
under  his  father.  He  later  entered  the  drug  store  of  Dr.  Williams,  of  Blossburg, 
and  remained  with  him  and  his  successor,  Stewart  Brothers,  between  one  and  two 
years.  He  also  clerked  in  the  drug  store  of  Ingram  &  Palmer  and  their  successors 
for  several  years.  In  1880  he  embarked  in  the  drug  business  for  himself,  in  the 
store  now  occupied  by  Sehofield  &  Babcock,  of  Blossburg.  He  next  went  to  Spring- 
field, Illinois,  where  he  followed  painting  until  1882,  then  returned  to  Blossburg, 
and  bought  out  Stincoman  &  Company,  painters  and  paper  hangers.  In  1884  he 
took  charge  of  the  drug  store  of  the  late  Stephen  Bowen,  remaining  until  February, 
1886,  when  he  went  to  Amot  to  take  charge  of  the  drug  department  of  the  Bloss- 
burg Coal  Company's  store,  now  the  store  of  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company,  which 
position  he  has  since  occupied,  and  has  discharged  the  duties  thereof  in  a  capable 
and  efficient  manner.  Mr.  Jackson  was  married  April  9,  1883,  to  Minnie  M. 
George,  a  daughter  of  Griffith  George,  of  Springfield,  Illinois,  to  which  union  have 
been  bom  four  children,  viz:  Percy  H.,  Eoy  W.,  Edward  G.  and  Alfred  J.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Jackson  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  a  member  and  treasurer  of 
the  school  board.  He  is  P.  N.  G.  of  Arbon  Lodge,  No.  489,  I.  0.  0.  F.  of  Bloss- 
burg; also  P.  H.  P.  of  Enterprise  Encampment,  and  a  member  of  Bloss  Lodge,  No. 
350,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  same  place. 

Feank  H.  Welch,  son  of  Jefferson  and  Lucy  Ann  (Palmer)  Welch,  was  bom 
in  Sullivan  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  July  18,  1852,  and  is  a  de- 
scendant of  pioneer  families  of  the  county.  He  is  one  of  eight  children,  his  brothers 
and  sisters  being  named  as  follows:  Jane,  deceased  wife  of  Horace  Scott;  Mary, 
wife  of  Horace  Welch,  of  Windfall,  Bradford  county;  Stephen,  Lanson  and  Charles, 
all  deceased;  Bert,  a  resident  of  Blossburg,  and  Willis,  who  resides  in  Mansfield. 
The  father  died  in  April,  1889,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year.  His  widow,  who  was  born 
November  25,  1821,  resides  near  Mansfield,  Tioga  county.  Frank  H.  was  reared  in 
Sullivan  township  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  district.     He  remained 


l\QQ  HISTORY    Of    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


on  the  farm  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Blossburg  Coal  Compajiy,  as  a  woodsman,  and  later  clerked  in  the  company's 
store  at  Amot.  In  1889  he  took  charge  of  the  Amot  Hotel,  and  in  September,  1892, 
bought  out  the  livery  stable  and  undertaking  business  at  that  place,  both  of  which 
he  now  carries  on  in  connection  with  his  hotel.  Mr.  Welsh  was  married  December 
13,  1876,  to  Anna  E.  Months,  a  daughter  of  John  Months,  and  a  native  of  Dajiville, 
New  York,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Clyde.  She  died  November  7,  1896,  aged  forty- 
seven  years.  In  politics,  Mr.  Welch  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of 
P.,  of  Amot,  and  of  Arbon  Lodge,  No.  489, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Blossburg;  also  of  Enter- 
prise Encampment.  Mr.  Welch  is  a  genial,  affable  gentleman,  and  is  well  liked 
both  as  a  business  man  and  a  citizen. 

Geoege  Watson,  son  of  Peter  and  Catherine  (Eogers)  Watson,  was  bom  in 
Middleton,  Orange  county,  New  York,  May  27,  1853,  and  is  the  oldest  of  six  chil- 
dren, the  other  members  being  as  follows:  Maggie,  wife  of  Elias  Sehultz,  of  Avoca, 
New  York;  Kate,  deceased;  Andrew,  a  resident  of  Sayre,  Pennsylvania;  Agnes, 
who  resides  with  her  mother  in  Waverly,  New  York,  and  Peter,  a  conductor  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  railroad,  who  resides  in  Sayre.  The  father  died  February  20,  1867. 
Mr.  Watson  has  followed  lumbering  since  arriving  at  manhood.  In  1883  he  came 
to  Amot,  Tioga  county,  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Blossburg  Coal  Company. 
Two  years  later  he  was  made  foreman  of  the  companjr's  saw-mill  at  Landrus,  a  posi- 
tion he  has  since  filled.  On  October  8,  1873,  Mr.  Watson  wa^  married  to  Annie 
Clark,  a  daughter  of  Patrick  Clark,  of  Addison,  New  York,  to  which  union  have 
been  bom  nine  children,  viz:  John,  Peter,  Edward,  Mary,  Albert,  Bessie,  George, 
Nellie  and  Curtis.  In  politics,  Mr.  Watson  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  town- 
ship supervisor  one  term.  He  has  also  represented  his  party  as  a  delegate  to  county 
conventions.  In  religion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Years  of  ex- 
perience in  the  woods  and  in  the  mill,  have  given  Mr.  Watson  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  lumber  business,  and  has  thoroughly  equipped  him  for  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  his  present  position.  He  has  proven  himself  capable  and  competent,  and 
is  popular  with  the  men  associated  with  him. 

Mace  Scuddee  was  bom  in  Prattsville,  Greene  county.  New  York,  May  22, 
1842.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Irene  (Tole)  Scudder,  were  natives  of  Delaware 
county.  New  York.  In  1848  the  family  removed  to  Equinunk,  Wayne  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  his  father  built  a  tannery,  which  he  operated  until  1859,  and  then 
removed  to  Middlebury  Center,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1863  he  settled 
in  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  died  in  March,  1886,  aged  seventy-six  years.  His 
wife  died  in  July,  1873,  aged  fifty-four  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  one 
of  eleven  children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  as  follows:  Sarah  A.,  widow  of 
Col.  J.  S.  Bates,  of  IClmira;  Aaron  A.,  a  resident  of  New  York  City;  M.  E.,  widow 
of  Solomon  Bennett,  of  Elmira;  George  P.,  who  was  first  lieutenant  of  Company 
F,  Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Cold 
Harbor,  and  Charles  T.,  deceased.  In  his  youth  Mr.  Scudder  received  a  common 
school  education,  supplemented  by  a  course  at  Knoxville  Academy.  He  acquired 
a  practical  knowledge  of  business  as  a  clerk  in  Equinunk,  where  he  served  behind 
the  counter  three  and  one-half  years.  He  afterwards  clerked  in  Elmira,  a  portion 
of  which  time  he  was  employed  by  a  lumber  firm  as  inspector  and  accountant.     From 


BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1137 


187j0  to  1873,  he  was  employed  in  Mclntyre's  store  at  Ealston,  Lycoming  coimty, 
and  then  until  the  fall  of  1876,  with  Col.  J.  S.  Bates,  of  Driftwood,  Cameron  county, 
in  the  mercantile  business.  In  the  autumn  of  1876  he  became  yardmaster  of  the 
Tioga  division  of  the  Erie  railroad,  at  Elmira.  On  June  19,  1893,  he  became  man- 
ager of  the  W.  W.  Bradbury  Company's  store  at  Amot,  Tioga  county,  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  W.  W.  Bradbury,  deceased,  which  position  he  held  until  August  1,  1896. 
Mr.  Scudder  was  married  December  30,  1866,  to  Maria  L.  Lord,  a  daughter  of  Free- 
man A.  and  Abbie  Lord,  of  Hancock,  Delaware  county,  ISTew  York.  Eight  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union,  viz:  Sarah  Libbie,  a  graduate  of  the  public  schools 
of  Elmira;  A.  Irene,  a  graduate  of  the  public  schools  of  Elmira,  and  of  the  State 
Normal  School,  at  Cortland,  New  York;  Maria  Lord,  a  graduate  of  the  public 
schools  of  Elmira  and  the  Elmira  College;  Joseph  M.,  employed  in  the  electric 
plant  at  Landrus,  Tioga  county;  Daniel  P.,  a  clerk  in  the  ofSce  of  the  Blossburg 
Coal  Company,  at  Amot;  Theodore,  Georgia  and  Wheeler.  In  polities,  Mr.  Scud- 
der is  a  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 
He  is  also  a  charter  member  of  Driftwood  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Driftwood,  Penn- 
sylvania, having  been  made  a  Mason  of  Hancock  Lodge,  Hancock,  Delaware  county, 
New  York,  in  1865. 

Thomas  Deiscoll  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1837,  locating 
near  Toronto,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  a  laborer.  He  married  EUen 
Connelly,  also  a  native  of  Ireland,  to  which  union  were  bom  eight  children,  viz: 
Michael  and  Patrick,  residents  of  Morris  Eun;  Dennis  and  Thomas,  both  deceased; 
Mary,  a  sister  in  St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Hospital,  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania;  James;  who 
resides  in  Morris  Eun;  John,  a  resident  of  Blossburg,  and  Ellen,  wife  of  Daniel 
Duggan,  of  Morris  Eun.  In  the  fall  of  1838  Mr.  Driscoll  removed  to  Mt.  Morris, 
New  York,  and  two  years  later  to  Corning,  where  he  lived  four  years.  He  next 
located  at  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  coal 
miner  until  1854,  when  the  mines  at  Morris  Eun  were  opened  up  and  he  removed 
to  that  place.  He  continued  coal  mining  until  1861,  then  bought  a  farm  in  Ward 
township,  upon  which  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life,  dying  February  9,  1893, 
aged  eighty-six  years.  His  widow  resides  in  Morris  Eun,  with  her  son-ia-law,  Daniel 
Duggan,  and  is  now  in  her  eighty-third  year. 

Michael  Deiscoll,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Driscoll,  was  bom  near  Toronto, 
Canada,  July  17,  1838.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  and  early  became 
an  employe  in  the  mines  at  Blossburg  and  Morris  Eun.  He  has  worked  in  Morris 
Eun  since  the  opening  of  the  mines  ia  1854.  In  1879  he  was  made  foreman  of 
the  Jones  miae,  a  position  he  still  holds.  It  is  one  of  much  responsibility,  which 
he  has  filled  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  company,  and  at  the  same  time  has  made  him- 
self popular  with  the  men  under  him.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  practical 
miners  in  this  section  of  the  State.  Mr.  Driscoll  was  married  October  17,  1865,  to 
Mary  Duggan,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Duggan,  of  Morris  Eun,  and  has  nine 
children,  viz:  Ella,  Mary,  Thomas,  Hannah,  Kate,  Anna,  Alice,  Elizabeth  and  John. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Driscoll  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  four  years  as  township  assessor, 
three  as  constable,  and  a  number  of  terms  as  school  director.  In  religion,  he  is  a 
Catholic,  and.  is  a  member  of  Branch,  No.  30,  C.  K.  of  A.,  of  Blossburg.  Mr.  Dris- 
72 


;1138  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COtTNTT. 

coll  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Morris  Eun,  and  is  known  as  a  man  of  strict 
integrity  and  high  character. 

Geohge  Davis  was  horn  in  Old  Park,  Shropshire,  England,  and  was  a  son  of 
Mark  Davis.  He  learned  the  painter's  trade  in  his  native  land,  and  in  November, 
1863,  he  came  to  the  United  States,  being  accompanied  by  his  parents  and  other 
members  of  his  family,  and  located  at  Bloomsburg,  Columbia  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Here  he  remained  two  years,  during  which  time  his  father  died.  In  the  fall  of  1865 
he  removed  to  Morris  Eun,  Tioga  county,  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Morris 
Eun  Coal  Company,  working  at  his  trade  during  the  summer  and  in  the  mines  during 
the  winter  seasons.  A  few  years  after  his  settlement  in  Morris  Eun,  his  mother 
died.  For  several  years  he  carried  the  mail  betwen  Morris  Eun  and  Pall  Brook.  In 
1878  he  opened  a  hotel  in  Morris  Eun,  which  he  carried  on  until  his  death,  December 
17,  1892,  aged  fifty-three  years.  Mr.  Davis  was  manied  in  England,  January  37, 
1860,  to  Sarah  Ann  Tipton,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Susanna  Tipton,  to  which 
union  eight  children  were  born,  viz:  Julia,  wife  of  W.  C.  Fairman;  Euth,  widow 
of  A.  D.  McKenzie;  William  and  Mark,  residents  of  Blossburg;  Emma  M.,  deceased; 
Bertha  M.,  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Mansfield,  and  now  a  teacher 
in  the  public  schools;  Frederick  G.,  a  graduate  of  the  same  institution,  and  a  stu- 
dent in  the  Philadelphia  Dental  College,  and  Ealph  T.,  a  student  at  the  State 
Normal  School,  Mansfield.  In  politics,  Mr.  Davis  was  a  Eepublican,  and  served 
for  a  number  of  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Plamilton  township.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  K.  of  H.,  and  K.  of  P.  lodges  of  Morris  Eun,  and  of  Bloss 
Lodge,  No.  350,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  Blossburg.  Mrs.  Davis  and  her  unmarried  children 
live  in  Morris  Eun,  and  enjoy  a  comfortable  competence  left  by  a  kind  husband 
and  father. 

James  C.  Hadley  was  born  in  Dudley,  Worcestershire,  England,  May  26, 1852, 
immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  in  September,  1873,  and  located  in  Morris  Eun,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  a  coal  miner.  In  July,  1880,  he  went 
west,  and  for  the  next  three  years  followed  coal  mining  in  Ohio,  Iowa,  Illinois  and 
Wyoming.  In  April,  1883,  he  returned  to  Moms  Eun,  and  resumed  working  in 
the  mines.  On  November  7,  1893,  he  was  promoted  to  mine  foreman,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  He  is  one  of  the  valued  and  trusted  employes  of  the  com- 
pany, and  earned  his  promotion  by  years  of  faithful  and  efficient  service.  Mr.  Had- 
ley was  married  October  16,  1870,  to  Eoseanna  Bennett,  a  daughter  of  Isaiah  and 
Eebeeca  Bennett,  of  Dudley,  Worcestershire,  England.  Twelve  children  have  been 
bom  to  this  union,  four  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  William,  James  B.,  Benjamin  E. 
and  Mary  Gertrude.  Mrs.  Hadley  died  March  18,  1893,  aged  forty-two  years.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Hadley  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  township  school 
board  six  years.  He  is  a  member  of  Morris  Eun  Lodge,  No.  698, 1.  0.  0.  P.;  Tioga 
Lodge,  No.  304,  K.  of  P.,  and  Bloss  Lodge,  No.  350,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Blossburg.  Mr. 
Hadley  is  not  only  a  practical  miner,  but  is  well  informed  on  matters  of  public  in- 
terest. He  has  a  valuable  private  library,  and  is  conversant  with  the  standard  works 
of  English  literature. 

Edgae  a.  McEntee  was  born  January  4,  1857,  in  Leroy,  Genesee  county.  New 
York,  and  is  a  son  of  Owen  and  Kate  (Hand)  McEntee,  natives  of  County  Louth, 
Ireland.     His  parents  came  to  Genesee  county.  New  York,  in  1851,  where  his  father 


BIOGKAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1139 


followed  farming  until  his  death,  March  30,  1895,  aged  seventy-five  years.  His 
mother  died  August  15,  1891,  aged  seventy-two.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  Nicholas  Clemens;  Annie,  wife  of  George 
Wilson,  of  Mansfield;  Maggie,  wife  of  Henry  Priset,  of  the  same  place;  William 
and  Thomas,  both  deceased;  Edward  and  Edgar  A.,  twins,  the  former  a  resident 
of  Corrunna,  Michigan,  and  the  latter  a  resident  of  Fall  Brook;  Frank,  who  lives 
in  Montana,  and  Eugene,  who  resides  in  Leroy,  New  York.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  a  common  school  education,  and  in  early  manhood  engaged  in  lum- 
bering, working  four  years  in  different  saw-mills  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga 
county.  In  April,  1880,  he  went  to  Colorado,  and  continued  the  same  business 
between  Denver  and  Leadville.  In  July,  1886,  he  went  to  Arkansas,  where  he  was 
employed  in  saw-mills  until  September,  1887,  when  he  came  to  Fall  Brook,  Tioga 
county,  and  worked  in  the  saw-mill  for  a  time.  He  then  was  promoted  to  the  posi- 
tion of  outside  foreman,  which  he  still  holds.  Mr.  McEntee  was  married  June  6, 
1888,  to  Mary  Adams,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  Adams,  of  Charleston  township,  and 
has  three  children:  Leone  and  lone,  twins,  and  Edna  May.  In  politics,  Mr.  Mc- 
Entee is  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  has  served  in  the  council  of  Fall  Brook,  and 
three  terms  as  burgess  of  that  borough.  He  is  a  member  of  Bloss  Lodge,  No.  350, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Blossburg.  Mr.  McEntee  is  one  of  the  most  popular  citizens  of  Fall 
Brook,  and  a  faithful  and  efiBcient  employe  of  the  company. 

Stephen  H.  Wood  was  bom  in  Montgomery  county.  New  York,  November  33, 
1834,  a  son  of  Hezekiah  and  Mary  (Adamy)  Wood,  of  that  county.  He  was  reared 
in  his  native  town,  and  February  15,  1849,  he  married  Mary  Jane  Owen,  a  daughter 
of  Daniel  and  Ehoda  Owen,  of  Tompkins  county.  New  York.  A  year  after  their 
marriage  they  removed  to  Granville,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  they 
lived  until  March,  1852,  when  they  came  to  Tioga  county  and  settled  on  the  farm  in 
Bloss  township,  now  the  residence  of  their  son,  Harvey  D.  The  land  was  then 
covered  with  the  primitive  forest,  in  the  midst  of  which  Mr.  Wood  erected  a  frame 
house,  one  of  the  first  in  that  part  of  the  county.  Here  he  lived  clearing  and  tilling 
his  land  until  his  death,  September  7,  1887,  leaving  one  son,  Harvey  D.  Three 
daughters,  Ehoda,  Elmina  C.  and  Clara  Adel,  died  in  early  youth.  He  was  a  good 
fanner,  owned  nearly  300  acres  of  well-improved  land,  and  was  one  of  the  pros- 
perous, progressive  and  leading  agriculturists  of  the  county.  Mr.  Wood  was  a  stanch 
Eepublican,  in  politics,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  He  served  nine  months  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-first 
Pennsylvania  Militia,  and  was  a  loyal,  patriotic  citizen.  His  widow  resides  in  Mans- 
field. 

Haevey  D.  Wood  was  bom  in  Bloss  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
December  11,  1864,  and  is  a  son  of  Stephen  H.  and  Mary  J.  (Owen)  Wood.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Mansfield, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1884,  and  subsequently  taught  school  a  few  years. 
On  August  33,  1888,  Mr.  Wood  married  Jennie  Callender,  of  Peekville,  Lackawanna 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  two  children,  Stephen  E.  and  Harvey  Dwight.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  has  served  one  term  as  township  assessor.  Besides 
the  old  homestead  on  which  he  resides,  he  owns  a  farm  of  100  acres  across  the  line 
in  Charleston  township,  the  two  making  a  valuable  property  of  386  acres.     Mr.  Wood 


H40  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  the  township,  and  is  a  man  of  education,  enterprise 
and  public  spirit. 

Selah  Phillips  was  born  in  North  Wales,  October  1,  1836,  son  of  Philip  and 
Blizabetli  Phillips.  In  1866  he  came  to  Blossburg,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
but  soon  after  went  to  Brookville,  Ohio,  where  he  worked  as  a  coal  miner  for  three 
years.  He  then  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  worked  in  the  coal  mines  at  Amot 
until  1888,  when  he  moved  to  his  present  farm  of  thirty  acres  of  land  in  the  north- 
west part  of  Bloss  township,  which  he  bought  in  1878.  Here  he  opened  a  general 
store,  which  he  has  since  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  cultivation  of  his  land. 
Mr.  Phillips  was  married  in  "Wales,  March  5,  1859,  to  Elizabeth  Turner,  a  daughter 
of  James  and  Ann  Turner,  to  which  union  have  been  born  six  children,  viz:  Blias 
and  Thomas,  who  reside  at  Lemont  Furnace,  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania;  Mary 
Ann,  wife  of  "Williajn  Powell,  of  Blossburg,  Tioga  county;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  David 
Williams,  of  Edwardsdale,  Pennsylvania,  and  James  and  David,  both  of  whom  reside 
at  home.  Mr.  Phillips  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  has  served  as  treasurer  of  Bloss 
township.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  also  of  Arbon  Lodge,  No. 
489, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Blossburg.  He  is  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  whose  life  of  industry 
and  integrity  has  won  for  him  the  respect  of  all  who  know  him. 

John  E.  Henet  was  born  in  Charleston  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  11,  1833,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Nancy  Henry.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  New  Hampshire,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Charleston  township,  Tioga 
county,  at  an  early  day,  where  he  died  in  1849,  aged  sixty  years.  His  mother  died 
in  1871,  aged  sixty-seven  years.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
Lydia  J.,  wife  of  Jacob  Johnson,  of  Delmar  township;  Eliza,  deceased  wife  of  Venus 
Growl,  of  the  same  township;  Amanda,  deceased  wife  of  Tunis  Bush,  of  Gaines 
township;  John  B.,  Eosalie,  deceased,  who  was  twice  married,  first  to  James  Bush, 
and  afterwards  to  James  Hakes;  Chloe,  wife  of  Ben  Carson;  James  H.,  a  resident 
of  Prescott,  Pierce  county,  Wisconsin;  Orville,  deceased,  and  Eichard,  a  resident 
of  Potter  county.  John  E.  was  reared  in  Charleston  township,  and  on  March  18, 
1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  served  until  May,  1865.  His  brothers,  Orville  and  Eichard,  were 
in  the  same  company  and  regiment.  Mr.  Henry  was  married  May  10,  1854,  to 
Hannah  Kimball,  daughter  of  Lazell  Kimball,  of  Charleston  township,  to  which 
union  have  been  born  three  children,  viz:  Geraldine,  wife  of  Charles  Patterson,  of 
Hornellsville,  New  York;  Josephine,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Charles  M.,  who  lives 
on  an  adjoining  farm  to  his  father's.  In  politics,  Mr.  Henry  is  a  Eepublican,  and 
has  filled  the  office  of  school  director.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange  at  Eound 
Top,  and  of  George  Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Wellsboro.  Mr.  Henry  is  the 
owner  of  a  well-improved  farm  in  Bloss  township  of  100  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing farmers  of  this  section  of  the  county. 

LIBEETY   AND   UNION   TOWNSHIPS. 

Jonathan  Sebeing,  a  native  of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  settled  at  Liberty, 
Tioga  county,  in  1813,  where  he  became  proprietor  of  the  old  Block  House  tavern, 
succeeding  its  original  landlord,  Anthony.  He  kept  this  house  for  many  years, 
entertaining  the  pioneers  and  travelers  over  the  Williamson  road,  and  finally  erected 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1141 


on  the  same  site  the  Liberty  Hotel.  Mr.  Sebring  was  a  shoemaker  and  carpenter, 
which  trades  he  followed  while  conducting  the  hotel,  and  also  cleared  and  cultivated 
a  farm.  He  sold  out  and  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1856,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death,  in  1879,  at  the  remarkable  age  of  ninety-six  years.  To  Jonathan  Sebring  and 
wife  were  bom  thirteen  children,  twelve  of  whom  lived  to  maturity.  He  was  one 
of  the  real  pioneers  of  Liberty,  and  endured  the  privations,  hardships  and  trials 
incident  to  that  period. 

EoBBRT  C.  Seeking,  a  son  of  Jonathan  Sebring,  was  bom  in  Liberty,  Tioga 
county,  April  5, 1819,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  pioneer  schools  of  his  native 
place.  In  1835  he  began  clerking  in  his  brother  John's  store,  in  Liberty.  In  1840 
his  brother  removed  to  Jersey  Shore,  Eobert  C.  continuing  the  business  at  Liberty 
until  about  1856,  when  he  sold  a  half  interest  to  William  Narber,  who  subsequently 
purchased  the  remaining  interest.  In  1867  he  erected  a  new  store  building  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Horace  Fellows,  who  a  few  weeks  later  sold  Ms  interest 
to  Charles  A.  Miller  and  the  firm  became  Sebring  &  Miller.  It  so  continued  until 
the  autumn  of  1872,  when  Mr.  Sebring  bought  out  his  partner  and  carried  on  the 
business  alone  one  year.  He  then  sold  out  to  Charles  A.,  Nathaniel  and  Ira  Miller 
and  took  charge  of  the  Eagle  Hotel,  which  he  conducted  for  twO'  years.  In  1875 
he  engaged  in  farming,  and  three  years  later  purchased  the  Liberty  Hotel,  fo'rmerly 
owned  by  his  father,  which  he  carried  on  up  to  within  a  short  time  of  his  death.  In 
May,  1844,  Mr.  Sebring  married  Phoebe  Keed,  of  Trout  Eun,  Lycoming  county,  who 
bore  him  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  John,  a  resident  of  Lock 
Haven;  Clara  P.,  wife  of  C.  A.  Miller,  of  Liberty;  Mattie,  wife  of  Nathaniel  Skin- 
ner, of  WUliamsport,  and  Grant,  of  Liberty.  Mr.  Sebring  died  May  33,  1884,  and 
his  wife,  June  21,  1891.  They  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 
PoHtieally,  he  was  a  Eepublican,  and  was  also  a  charter  member  and  Past  Grand 
of  Block  House  Lodge,  No.  398,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  of  Liberty. 

Gbant  Seeking,  proprietor  of  the  Sebring  House,  at  Liberty,  was  bom  in 
Liberty  borough,  Tioga  county,  March  8,  1865,  and  is  the  youngest  living  child  of 
Eobert  C.  Sebring.  After  completing  a  common  school  course,  he  attended  the 
Williamsport  Commercial  College.  When  but  fifteen  years  of  age  he  and  his  brother 
John  built  and  conducted  the  Coleman  House,  at  Morris,  Tioga  county,  where  they 
also  carried  on  a  general  mercantile  business.  In  1885  he  sold  his  interest  and  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  he  continued  to  follow  until  February,  1888.  At  that  time 
he  purchased  his  present  hotel  property,  and  has  since  carried  on  the  business  suc- 
cessfully. On  April  5,  1888,  Mr.  Sebring  married  Emma  H.  Hartsock,  a  daughter 
of  John  Hartsock,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Clara  Belle,  deceased.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Sebring  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  borough  council.  He  is  also 
connected  with  Block  House  Lodge,  No.  398,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  Washington  Camp, 
No.  628,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  of  Liberty.  Mr.  Sebring  is  recognized  as  a  genial  and  suc- 
cessful landlord,  and  the  Sebring  House  is  not  only  the  leading  hotel  in  the  bor- 
ough, but  is  patronized  by  the  majority  of  the  traveling  trade. 

John  Sheffee,  Se.,  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Liberty,  Tioga  county, 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  bom  in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  30,  1779,  the 
son  of  a  Eevolutionary  soldier,  whose  ancestors  came  from  Holland.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  county  and  there  learned  the  tailor's  trade.    Mr.  Sheffer  was 


1142  HISTOKT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

twice  married,  but  his  first  wife  lived  only  a  brief  period.  June  8,  1803,  he  mar- 
ried Susannah  Reynolds,  and  soon  after  removed  to  Williamsport,  Lycoming  county. 
Here  he  continued  working  at  his  trade  for  several  years,  or  until  his  appointment 
as  deputy  sheriff.  While  filling  that  office  he  became  security  for  a  debtor  and  his 
property  was  sold  to  satisfy  the  claim.  Discouraged  and  disgusted  by  such  treat- 
ment he  removed  with  his  family  to  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  in  February, 
1814,  and  bought  of  John  Norris  150  acres  of  academy  land  on  what  has  been  since 
known  as  "Shefler  Hill."  Here  in  the  midst  of  an  almost  unbroken  wilderness  he 
erected  a  rude  cabin  and  began  the  arduous  task  of  carving  a  home  from  the  primi- 
tive forest.  While  devoting  his  principal  attention  to  agriculture  he  also  worked 
at  his  trade  for  the  pioneers  and  did  considerable  surveying,  which  business  ho  fol- 
lowed until  his  death,  August  5,  1841.  His  wife  survived  him  until  September, 
1860.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  John,  William,  Samuel, 
Elizabeth,  who  married  William  Harmon;  Catherine,  who  married  Peter  Lutz;  Jacob, 
Polly,  Susannah,  who  married  Daniel  Miller;  Joseph,  Mary,  Michael,  Julia 
Ann,  who  married  Nicholas  Elter;  George  E.,  and  Sarah.  Of  these  Mrs.  Miller, 
Michael,  Mrs.  Elter  and  George  E.  survive.  Mr.  Shelter  and  wife  were  members  of 
the  Lutheran  church.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace  in  Liberty  for  many  years. 

John  Sheffek,  Je.,  was  born  in  Williamsport,  Lycoming  county,  February  8, 
1803,  and  was  a  lad  of  eleven  years  of  age  when  his  parents  settled  at  Liberty,  Tioga 
county.  In  1816-17  he  carried  the  mail  on  horseback  between  Williamsport  and 
Painted  Post,  being  thus  one  of  the  pioneer  mail  carriers  of  this  section.  He  after- 
wards learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  in  Williamsport.  May  13,  1835,  he  married 
Sarah  Shaffer,  a  daughter  of  John  Shaffer,  of  White  Deer  valley,  Lycoming  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  same  year  opened  a  blacksmith  shop  in  Liberty,  where  he 
carried  on  business  continuously  forty-five  years,  retiring  in  1870.  To  John  and 
Sarah  Sheffer  were  born  ten  children,  viz:  George,  Henry,  Mari;in,  and  Philip,  the 
last  three  of  whom  are  dead;  Susan,  wife  of  Charles  Hagenbach,  of  Kansas;  Sarah, 
wife  of  Jonas  Artley,  of  Bradford,  McKean  county;  George  Washington,  of  Bloss- 
burg;  Alpheus,  of  Liberty;  Elvina,  and  Ada,  wife  of  Jabez  Hancher,  of  Liberty. 
Mr.  Sheffer  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  died  November  8, 
1876,  and  April  4,  1887,  respectively.  In  politics,  he  was  a  stanch  Democrat,  and 
served  as  a  school  director  for  many  years. 

Alpheus  Sheffeb,  youngest  son  of  John  Sheffer,  Jr.,  and  grandson  of  John 
Sheffer,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  February  15,  1841.  He 
obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his 
father,  with  whom  he  remained  from  1857  to  1870,  when  he  started  in  business  for 
himself,  in  which  he  still  continues.  March  8,  1863,  he  married  Jennie,  a  daughter 
of  Daniel  Achenbach,  of  White  Deer  valley,  Lycoming  county,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children,  viz:  Leona,  deceased;  Kate,  wife  of  John  Budd,  of  Williamsport; 
Harry  G.,  Jennie,  deceased,  and  Carrie.  Harry  G.  was  bom  November  4,  1868, 
learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his  father,  which  he  followed  up  to  1891,  when 
he  began  clerking  in  the  Wilcox  House,  in  Towanda,  and  remained  there  until  1894. 
He  then  secured  a  position  as  brakeman  on  the  Northern  Central  railroad,  but  is  now 
working  with  his  father.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheffer  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1143 


In  politics,  the  family  is  Democratic,  and  Mr.  Sheffer  has  filled  the  offices  of  con- 
stable and  school  director.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Block  House  Lodge,  No.  398, 
I.  0.  0.  F. 

Samuel  Shepfee,  third  son  of  John  ShefEer,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Williamsport, 
Lycoming  county,  January  11,  1806,  and  was  eight  years  old  when  his  parents  set- 
tled at  Liberty,  Tioga  county.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood  and  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  which  business  he  followed  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  was  also  a 
stage  driver  between  Williamsport  and  Sunbury,  and  Elmira  and  Painted  Post  for 
several  years.  He  married  Susan  Kinsman,  a  daughter  of  James  Kinsman,  of 
Towanda,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  to  which  union  were  born  eleven  children, 
as  follows:  James,  of  Liberty;  Harrison,  Evan,  and  Lydia  Jane,  all  of  whom  are 
dead;  Amanda,  wife  of  George  Hartley,  of  Lycoming  county;  Theodore,  a  resident 
of  Decatur  county,  Iowa;  Eiland,  who  lives  in  Nebraska;  Frank,  a  resident  of  Mil- 
lerton,  Tioga  county;  Cornelia  and  Amelia,  residents  of  Denver,  Colorado,  and  one 
that  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Sheffer  died  in  Liberty,  January  31,  1889,  while  his  wife 
died  in  Iowa,  in  1893.  They  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and 
in  politics,  he  was  a  Eepublican. 

James  Sheffer,  eldest  child  of  Samuel  Sheffer,  and  grandson  of  John  Sheffer, 
Sr.,  was  born  in  Towanda,  Bradford  county,  February  10,  1837.  He  was  reared  in 
Liberty,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  and  cabinet-maker's  trades  with  his  father. 
In  1858  he  married  Elizabeth  Caylor,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Caylor,  of  Lycoming 
county,  to  which  union  have  been  born  eight  children,  viz:  Celestia,  wife  of  John 
Mitchell,  of  Blossburg;  Emma,  wife  of  Joseph  Eidge,  of  Tioga  county;  Isaac  P., 
Ella,  wife  of  Frank  Bastian;  Mamie,  wife  of  George  Heyler;  Alice,  Edith  and  Lela. 
Mr.  Sheffer  served  in  Company  F,  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  towards 
the  close  of  the  Eebellion.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he  lived  seven 
years.  He  then  returned  to  Tioga  county  and  has  since  made  his  home  in  Liberty 
borough,  where  he  follows  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  politics,  he  is  a  'Eepublican, 
and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Michael  Sheffer  is  the  oldest  living  son  of  John  and  Susannah  (Eeynolds) 
Sheffer,  and  was  bom  on  Sheffer  hill,  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  November 
17,  1821.  He  was  reared  upon  the  homestead  farm,  spending  his  boyhood  days 
in  the  rugged  pursuits  of  clearing  off  the  forest  and  tilling  the  soil,  the  country  at 
that  time  being  a  comparative  wilderness.  In  1839  he  went  to  Williamsport,  where 
he  learned  the  wagon-making  trade,  remaining  there  two  years.  Eetuming  to 
Liberty  he  established  a  shop,  and  was  engaged  in  the  wagon-making  business  up 
to  within  the  last  few  years.  September  28,  1843,  Mr.  Sheffer  married  Mary  E. 
Cox,  a  daughter  of  William  Cox,  and  a  sister  of  Gen.  Eobert  C.  Cox,  of  Well'sboro. 
Five  children  were  bom  to  this  union,  as  follows:  Francis  Marion,  the  present 
prothonotary  of  Tioga  county;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  William  Woodruff,  of  Liberty; 
Warren,  who  is  in  the  employ  of  the  Arnot  Coal  Company;  Edgar,  who  is  engaged 
in  business  in  Clearfield  county,  and  Eobert,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Sheffer  is 
a  stanch  Eepublican  and  has  filled  several  of  the  local  offices.  For  more  than  half 
a  century  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  has  filled 
the  position  of  teacher  and  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  since  its  organi- 
zation.    He  justly  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  neighbors  and  a  wide 


1144  HISTOHT    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

circle  of  friends,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  Liberty  township  for  over  three-quarters 
of  a  century. 

Fkancis  Maeion  Sheffeb,  prothonotary  of  Tioga  county,  was  bom  in  Liberty 
township,  Tioga  county,  August  17,  1844,  a  son  of  Michael  and  Mary  E.  (Cox) 
Sheffer.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Liberty  township,  and  when 
seventeen  years  of  age  entered  his  father's  shop  to  learn  wagon-making.  When 
twenty-one  years  old  he  began  life  for  himself,  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Liberty 
township  imtil  1881,  when  he  purchased  a  saw  and  planing-mill,  which  he  operated 
until  1889.  Mr.  Sheffer  has  always  been  an  ardent  Eepublican  and  has  given  an 
unwavering  support  to  that  party.     In  the  autumn  of  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company 

D,  Ifinety-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
While  a  resident  of  Liberty,  he  filled  the  offices  of  school  director  and  constable  three 
years  each,  and  that  of  justice  of  the  peace  five  years.  He  was  elected  sheriff  of 
Tioga  county  in  1889,  served  in  that  office  three  years,  and  then  returned  to  his  home 
in  Liberty  township.  In  1893  he  was  elected  prothonotary,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1896,  which  position  he  still  occupies.  He  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  and  popular 
officials  in  the  county,  and  is  quite  prominent  in  the  local  councils  of  his  party. 
Mr.  Sheffer  was  married  December  28,  1864,  to  Margaret  L.  Bastian,  a  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Bastian,  of  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county,  to  which  union  have 
been  born  two  children:  Leroy  W.,  deceased,  and  Ada  B.  The  family  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  Mr.  Sheffer  belongs  to  the  Masonic  order. 

Chables  a.  Miller,  merchant,  was  born  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming 
county,  Pennsylvania,  January  7,  1840,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  He  obtained 
a  common  school  education,  and  subsequently  entered  the  employ  of  Werline  & 
Miller,  merchants  of  Liberty,  Tioga  county.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he  purchased 
the  interest  of  Mr.  Werline,  and  the  firm  then  became  H.  Miller  &  Company.  In 
1863  this  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Miller  worked  in  saw-mills  and  at  lum- 
bering. In  1864,  in  coimection  with  Isaac  Miller,  he  built  a  saw-mill  at  Eoaring 
Branch,  which  they  operated  until  1867,  when  he  sold  out  to  his  partner.  He  then 
entered  the  employ  of  Sebring  &  Fellows,  general  merchants  at  Liberty,  and  one 
month  later  bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  Fellows  and  continued  as  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Sebring  &  Miller  until  1872.  In  that  year  he  sold  out  to  E.  C.  Sebring  and 
removed  to  his  farm  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county,  but  in  1873  purchased 
the  Sebring  store,  in  partnership  with  his  brothers,  Nathaniel  and  Ira,  and  carried 
on  the  business  up  to  1877,  when  his  brothers  sold  out  to  G.  T.  Werline.  Mr.  Wer- 
line continued  as  a  partner  until  1883,  since  which  time  Mr.  Miller  has  conducted  the 
business  alone,  being  to-day  the  leading  merchant  of  the  borough.  Mr.  Miller  has 
met  with  considerable  losses  during  his  business  career.  In  1865  his  mill  and  boom 
were  swept  away,  and  December  5,  1879,  his  store  was  destroyed  by  fire.  His  safe 
has  been  robbed  three  times,  and  he  also  suffered  much  loss  by  the  great  June  flood. 
Notwithstanding  these  reverses,  Mr.  Miller  is  to-day  the  owner  of  one  of  the  leading 
business  houses  in  Tioga  county,  as  well  as  one  of  its  most  substantial  citizens.  On 
July  15,  1869,  he  married  Clara  F.  Sebring,  a  daughter  of  Eobert  C.  Sebring,  of 
Liberty,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  four  children,  viz:  Merton  E.,  Phoebe 
Belle,  wife  of  George  C.  McVoy,  of  Carney,  Michigan;   Minnie  M.,  wife  of  Fred 

E.  Baird,  and  Fred  B.     Mr.  Miller  is  an  enthusiastic  Eepublican.     He  was  ap- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1145 


pointed  postmaster  of  Liberty  under  President  Harrison's  administration  and  served 
nearly  five  years.  He  has  also  filled  the  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace,  school  director 
and  auditor.  In  1896  he  was  chosen  as  one  of  the  Eepublican  delegates  to  the  state 
convention  at  Harrisburg.  He  is  a  Past  Grand  of  Block  House  Lodge,  "No.  398, 
I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  is  also  a  member  of  Washington  Camp,  No.  638,  P.  0.  S.  of  A. 

Meeton  E.  Millee,  eldest  child  of  Charles  A.  Miller,  was  born  in  Liberty, 
Tioga  county,  April  7, 1870,  and  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  Williamsport  Commercial  College,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1889. 
He  afterwards  took  a  special  course  in  stenography  and  typewriting,  and  then  en- 
tered his  father's  store  in  Liberty,  where  he  has  reniained  up  to  the  present.  Mr. 
Miller  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  has  filled  the  positions  of  auditor,  inspector, 
clerk  and  chairman  of  the  vigilance  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  Amot  Lodge, 
No.  465,  K.  of  P.,  of  Amot;  Washington  Camp,  No.  628,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  of  Liberty, 
and  is  also  connected  with  the  L.  A.  W.  and  the  Williamsport  Turn  Verein. 

William  F.  Weseman,  M.  D.,  is  a  native  of  Goettengen,  Kingdom  of  Hanover, 
Germany,  where  he  was  born  December  23,  1822.  His  father,  Frederick  Weseman, 
was  a  prominent  government  official,  and  a  member  of  a  leading  German  family. 
William  F.  spent  his  boyhood  in  the  University  of  Hanover,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  entered  the  Medical  University  at  Goettengen,  \7here  he  pursued  a  full  course 
of  study.  When  twenty-five  years  of  age  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  Mahanoy  valley,  Northumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  four  years.  In  1852  he  located  in  Liberty,  Tioga 
county,  and  during  the  succeeding  twelve  years  built  up  a  large  practice.  On  Sep- 
tember 8,  1864,  Dr.  Weseman  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Curtin  quartermaster 
of  the  Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant,  and  served  with  his  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  mustered 
out  May  31, 1865.  He  then  resumed  practice  in  Liberty,  which  he  continued  up  to 
a  recent  date,  when  he  retired  from  the  active  duties  thereof.  Dr  .Weseman  has  been 
very  successful  in  his  profession,  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice,  and  was  held  in  high 
esteem  because  of  his  medical  skill  and  kind  attention  at  the  bedside  of  the  suffering. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  and  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  Tioga  county, 
where  he  has  lived  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

Daniel  Haetsock  was  bom  in  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  September, 
1806.  His  parents  removed  to  Williamsport  a  few  years  later,  and  when  Daniel  was 
seven  years  old  they  located  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county,  where  he  grew 
to  manhood.  He  married  Magdalena  Brion,  whose  parents  were  early  settlers  of 
that  locality,  and  in  1830  removed  to  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  where  both 
he  and  wife  resided  until  death.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Christina,  widow  of  James  McVoy;  Eiehard  H., 
a  resident  of  Liberty;  George,  Mary,  wife  of  John  Eaker;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sylvester 
Keeler;  Harriet,  wife  of  Seth  Wilson,  of  Nebraska;  Jacob,  deceased;  Levi,  Samuel, 
Daniel  and  Henry,  the  last  three  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  Hartsock  died  in  1885,  and 
his  wife  in  1880.  They  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  in  politics,  he 
was  a  Eepublican.  At  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Hartsock  was  one  of  the  largest  land 
owners  in  Liberty  township. 

EiCHAED  H.  Haetsock,  oldest  son  of  Daniel  Hartsock,  was  bom  in  Liberty 


1146  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

township,  Tioga  county,  December  11, 1833,  and  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Liberty,  which  business 
he  followed  for  three  years,  and  then  began  dealing  in  wild  lands  in  connection  with 
fajming.  In  1881  he  established  a  general  store  in  Liberty,  which  business  he  con- 
tinued for  eleven  years.  In  1893  he  embarked  in  the  milling  business,  followed  it 
for  two  years,  and  then  engaged  in  stock  and  grain  dealing,  which  he  has  continued 
up  to  the  present.  In  politics,  Mr.  Hartsoek  is  a  stanch  Kepublican,  and  is  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  substantial  citizens  of  his  native  place. 

Fkedeeick  Heylee  came  from  Stuttgart,  Germany,  about  1818,  and  settled 
on  a  farm  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  married  in 
Germany  to  Dora  Goodschmert,  who  bore  him  nine  children,  as  follows:  Frederick, 
Mary,  who  married  Henry  Kohn,  of  Lycoming  county;  Catherine,  who  married  John 
Linek,  of  Morris;  Jackson,  deceased;  John,  Daniel,  deceased;  Mina,  who  mar- 
ried Fred  Boger;  Caroline,  who  married  Jacob  Gleckner,  and  Gottlieb.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Heyler  was  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church.  He 
died  in  November,  1881,  and  his  wife  in  May,  1876. 

John  Heylee  was  bom  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  in  September,  1836, 
a  son  of  Frederick  Heyler,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  township,  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits.  On  May  11,  1853,  he  married  Elizabeth  Boger,  who 
became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Julia  Ann,  wife  of  William  Snyder; 
Johanna,  wife  of  Samuel  Maneval;  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  John  Mayer,  of  South  Dakota; 
Joseph,  who  married  Annie  Smith;  Samuel,  who  married  Annie  Purhan;  John, 
who  lives  in  South  Dakota;  Edwin  and  Emma,  both  of  whom  live  in  South  Dakota, 
and  Titus,  who  lives  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Heyler  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 

John  Fick  was  born  in  Northimiberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  a  son  of  John 
Fick,  who  removed  from  Berks  county  to  Northumberland  county  in  1793.  In 
1835  the  family  came  to  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  where  the  father  died  in 
1863.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  Mr.  Fick  left  home  and  lumbered  for  two  years 
along  Big  Pine  creek,  and  later  worked  two  years  on  the  Tioga  railroad,  from  Mans- 
field to  Berry's  bridge.  He  subsequently  bought  a  farm  in  Liberty  township,  on 
which  he  lived  until  1890,  when  he  sold  out  and  moved  to  Liberty  borough.  He 
reared  a  family  of  four  sons,  viz:  Levi  J.,  Huling  J.,  Perly  H.  and  Albert  L.;  also 
an  adopted  daughter,  Mary  S.,  who  married  Abraham  L.  Monroe,  of  Delmar  town- 
ship. Mr.  Fick  has  retired  from  active  labor  and  is  spending  the  evening  of  his  life 
with  his  son,  Albert  L.,  of  Liberty,  being  now  seventy-seven  years  old.  In  religion, 
he  is  a  Lutheran,  and  in  politics,  an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Peely  H.  Fick,  third  son  of  John  Fick,  was  born  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga 
county,  July  37,  1857.  He  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  district.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  lumbering,  which 
business  he  continued  for  eight  years.  He  then  went  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  worked 
at  house-painting  in  that  State  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  period  he  re- 
turned to  Tioga  county  and  bought  his  father's  farm.  He  farmed  one  year,  then 
sold  out  and  worked  at  house-painting  for  two  years,  when  he  purchased  a  tract  of 
land  in  Pine  township,  Lycoming  county,  where  he  engaged  in  clearing  the  land 
and  lumbering.     In  the  spring  of  1895  he  bought  a  small  place  a  mile  and  a  half  from 


BIOGEAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1147 


Liberty  borough,  where  he  follows  faxming  and  painting  as  an  occupation.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Democrat.  Mr.  Fick  was  married  in  Wellsboro,  May  2,  1890,  to 
Delila  A.  Boswell,  a  daughter  of  Kichard  E.  Boswell.  Her  father  was  a  native  of 
Conway,  Stafford  county.  New  Hampshire,  ajid  settled  at  English  Centre,  Lycoming 
county,  where  Mrs.  Fick  was  bom  November  9,  1854.  She  is  the  mother  of  one 
daughter,  Katherine  May,  bom  July  8,  1893,  the  only  grandchild  in  the  family. 

Petek  Maneval  emigrated  from  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  in  1828,  and  set- 
tled in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  parents,  Peter  Maneval 
and  wife,  came  a  short  time  afterwards  and  located  close  to  their  son.  Both  Peter 
and  his  father  were  stocking  weavers,  which  trade  they  followed  in  their  native  land. 
Our  subject  was  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  four  children,  viz:  Peter,  Jacob,  Louis  and 
John.  The  father  died  in  1834,  while  the  mother  survived  until  1856,  living  to  the 
ripe  age  of  ninety-two  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  in  Germany, 
but  his  wife  died  soon  after  coming  to  this  county,  leaving  four  children,  viz:  David, 
deceased;  Charles, who  lives  in  Lycoming  county;  Peter,  deceased,  and  Jacob,  a  resi- 
dent of  Salladasburg,  Lycoming  county.  Mr.  Maneval  married  for  his  second  wife, 
Maria  Kopp,  of  Liberty,  who  became  the  mother  of  five  children,  as  follows:  Mary, 
wife  of  Jacob  Essiek,  of  Blossburg;  Susan,  Catharine,  widow  of  Henry  Root;  John, 
of  Liberty,  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  James  Morehouse.  In  politics,  Mr.  Maneval  was 
a  Democrat,  and  in  religion,  a  Lutheran.     He  died  in  1856,  and  his  wife  in  1889. 

David  Maneval,  eldest  child  of  Peter  Maneval,  was  born  in  Wurtemburg, 
Germany,  in  October,  1817,  and  was  eleven  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in 
Liberty,  Tioga  county,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  In  1837  he  married  Elizabeth 
Boger,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Boger,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  as 
follows:  Peter,  a  resident  of  Ohio;  Eosanna,  wife  of  Michael  Heyd,  of  Lycoming 
county;  Benjamin,  of  Liberty  township;  Daniel,  who  lives  in  Williamsport;  Ed- 
ward, deceased;  Aaron,  a  resident  of  Ohio;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  Albert  Douglas; 
Catherine  and  David,  both  deceased;  James,  who  lives  in  Denver,  Colorado;  "Wilson, 
a  resident  of  Clearfield  county;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Charles  Cowden,  of  Williams- 
port,  and  one  that  died  in  early  youth.  In  politics,  Mr.  Maneval  was  originally 
a  Democrat,  but  joined  the  Eepubliean  party  in  1860.  He  filled  the  ofiices  of  super- 
visor, school  director  and  oollector  in  Mifilin  township,  Lycoming  county,  and  spent 
his  entire  life  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Evangelical 
Protestant  church.  His  death  occurred  in  August,  1864,  and  that  of  his  wife,  in 
November,  1890.  He  remjsved  to  Lycoming  county  in  1846,  where  he  spent  the 
remaining  years  of  his  life. 

Benjamin  Maneval,  second  son  of  David  Maneval,  and  grandson  of  Peter 
Maneval,  was  bom  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  April  8,  1842,  and  was  four 
years  old  when  the  family  removed  to  Lycoming  county.  He  there  grew  to  maturity 
and  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  at  Linden,  Lycoming  county,  and  Turbottville, 
Northumberland  county.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in  those  two  counties  until  the 
spring  of  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  settled  at 
Nauvoo,  and  has  since  followed  blacksmithing  and  farming  at  that  place.  January 
1, 1865,  he  married  Mary  Linck,  of  Moms  township,  who  has  borne  him  five  children, 
viz:  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Freemont  Russell,  of  Omaha,  Nebraska;  Charles  E.,  William 
H.,  Lydia  May,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy.     Mr.  Maneval  is  a  stanch  Republican, 


1148  HISTOEY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 


has  served  as  a  school  director,  and  in  religion,  is  an  adherent  of  the  Evangelical 
Protestant  church.  He  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  progressive  citizens  of  his  native 
township. 

William  H.  Maneval,  youngest  son  of  Benjamin  Maneval,  was  born  in  Liberty 
township,  Tioga  county,  July  11,  1871.  After  attending  the  common  schools  of 
the  district,  he  settled  down  on  the  homestead  farm,  where  he  has  remained  up  to 
the  present.  He  is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  is  now  filling  the  office  of  school 
director.  In  1896  he  was  a  candidate  for  county  commissioner,  and  considering 
the  number  of  candidates  in  the  field,  he  received  a  flattering  vote.  Mr.  Maneval 
is  a  member  of  the  Union  church  at  Nauvoo. 

Lewis  Moyee  was  bom  in  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  in  1829,  a  son  of  Jacob 
Moyer,  a  native  of  the  same  place.  His  father  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  remained 
a  short  time  at  Mauch  Chunk,  and  in  1831  came  to  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county, 
and  settled  near  the  old  "Block  House."  Here  he  spent  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life,  dying  at  the  age  of  seventy-five.  Lewis  was  but  two  yeais  old  when  his  parents 
settled  in  Liberty  township.  He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  attended 
the  common  schools  of  his  district.  In  1854  he  married  Mary  Kopp,  a  daughter  of 
John  Kopp,  of  Liberty  tovmship,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  seven  children, 
as  follows:  Henry  L.,  Minerva,  wife  of  John  S.  Brion,  who  has  three  sons,  Edwin, 
Charles  and  Iver;  Almina,  deceased;  Ida  C,  wife  of  George  D.  James,  a  native  of 
Derbyshire,  England,  who  lives  in  Liberty  township;  William  W.,  Edmond  and  one 
that  died  in  infancy.  On  February  21,  1865,  Mr.  Moyer  enlisted  in  Company  D, 
Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  discharged  from  the  service  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  June  39,  1865.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moyer  are  members  of  the  Evan- 
gelical church.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of 
the  township. 

Alexander  Hahvey  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1820,  and  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  the  early  sixties.  He  spent  a  short  time  in  the  Pittsburg  region 
and  then  located  at  Amot,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  before  the  railroad  was 
completed  into  that  now  famous  coal  field.  He  was  among  the  pioneers  of  what  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  coal  fields  in  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Harvey  was  a  good  citizen, 
and  was  widely  known  for  his  honesty,  integrity  and  originality.  He  had  a  family  of 
ten  sons  and  one  daughter,  all  of  whom  were  in  the  employ  of  the  Arnot  Coal  Com- 
pany. Seven  sons  and  one  daughter  are  living,  viz:  Four  sons  in  Amot,  one  in 
Alaska,  one  in  Colorado,  and  one  in  Parrandsville,  Clinton  county,  while  the  daugh- 
ter lives  on  the  homestead  farm  in  Liberty  township  with  her  widowed  mother,  who 
still  retains  a  strong  and  vigorous  constitution  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years.  Prior 
to  the  death  of  two  sons,  one  of  whom  was  killed  in  Colorado  and  the  other  in  the 
woods  near  Amot,  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  to  see  the  parents  and  their  eleven 
children  all  together  at  the  home  farm.  Through  the  frugal  habits  of  Mrs.  Harvey, 
they  finally  saved  enough  to  purchase  a  good  farm  of  320  acres  in  Liberty  township, 
Tioga  county,  and  there  Mr.  Harvey  passed  his  declining  years,  after  being  connected 
with  mining  for  half  a  century.  He  died  on  his  farm  in  Liberty,  January  9,  1895, 
and  was  interred  beside  his  three  sons  in  Blossburg  cemetery.  The  family  were  all 
ardent  Eepublicans,  and  in  1880  Mr.  Harvey  and  his  ten  sons  marched  to  the  polls 


BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1149 


and  voted  for  James  A.  Garfield  for  president,  an  event  which  brought  their  names 
into  local  prominenee. 

The  oldest  son,  John  C.  Harvey,  is  perhaps  the  best  known  of  the  children.  He 
had  traveled  extensively  before  locating  in  Tioga  county,  and  induced  the  family 
to  come  to  the  coal  region.  He  became  well  known  over  Tioga  county,  especially 
in  political  and  labor  circles,  and  his  advice  was  keenly  sought  in  all  mining  troubles. 
He  was  foremost  in  the  memorable  fight  for  the  establishment  of  check-weighmen 
on  the  tipples,  in  opposition  to  the  Erie  Eailroad  Company.  He  has  always  been  a 
stanch  Eepublican,  and  his  influence  in  the  coal  region  was  recognized  by  the  local 
party  leaders.  Mr.  Harvey  is  now  employed  with  the  famous  Farrandsville  Fire 
Brick  Company,  of  Farrandsville,  Clinton  county.  He  claims  that  Tioga  county 
is  underlaid  with  as  good  fire  clay  as  exists  in  the  State.  He  has  been  employed  on 
several  occasions  to  trace  the  fire  clay  strata  from  the  West  Branch  and  Scootac 
regions  to  the  borders  of  Tioga  county.  This  he  hopes  to  see  developed  in  the  near 
future,  and  Blossburg  become  one  of  the  fire  brick  centers  of  Pennsylvania. 

Samuel  Haetman  was  bom  in  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  August  35,  1833, 
a  son  of  Samuel  Hartman,  Sr.  His  father  was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, January  4,  1791,  there  grew  to  manhood,  and  in  1821  married  Margaret 
Miller,  of  Selins  Grove,  Snyder  county.  They  soon  after  removed  to  Williamsport, 
and  in  1836  settled  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county,  where  both  spent  the 
remaining  years  of  their  lives.  Their  family  consisted  of  the  following  children: 
Jacob,  Samuel,  Jonas  H.,  Catherine,  who  married  Kieholas  Fessler;  Mrs.  Harriet 
N.  Baird,  who  lives  in  New  Jersey;  Henry,  who  died  at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas;  Sarah 
A.,  who  married  Daniel  Hartman;  Julia  A.,  who  married  C.  Meaker;  Margaret, 
who  married  Charles  Harman,  of  Wisconsin;  M.  D.,  who  lives  at  Fort  Scott,  Kan- 
sas, and  Eliza  C,  widow  of  Eev.  T.  Morris,  of  Williamsport.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  three  years  old  when  his  parents  located  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming 
county.  He  spent  his  boyhood  on  the  homestead  in  that  township,  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-three  married  Mary  A.  Werline,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Werline,  of  Liberty 
township,  Tioga  county.  In  March,  1861,  Mr.Hartman  located  in  Liberty,  where 
he  soon  afterwards  engaged  in  the  drug  and  mercantile  business,  which  he  followed 
until  1893,  when  he  retired  from  active  labor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hartman  have  reared 
several  adopted  children,  viz:  Catherine  Werline,  Joseph  W.  Hartman,  a  nephew, 
who  enlisted  in  the  army  at  the  age  of  fifteen;  Thomas  Hartman,  Delia  Applegate, 
Mary  and  Isabella.  Mr.  Hartman.  4ias  been  identified  with  the  churches  and  Sab- 
bath-schools of  Liberty  for  many  years,  and  has  also  filled  the  offices  of  school  di- 
rector and  treasurer. 

Geobge  Beck  was  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  in  Liberty  township  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  November  13,  1896.  He  was  boim  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming 
county,  Pennsylvania,  July  9,  1817,  a  son  of  Daniel  Beck,  who  came  from  Mauch 
Chunk,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813-14,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Jackson  township,  Lycom- 
ing county.  His  grandfather,  Andrew  Beck,  came  to  the  United  States  from 
Neidergelheim,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Germany,  at  an  early  day,  and  settled  in  the  coal 
regions,  whence  the  family  removed  to  Lycoming  county,  locating  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, south  of  the  old  "Block  House."  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  left  an  orphan 
at  the  age  of  two  years,  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native  township  in  boy- 


1150  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

hood,  and  assisted  his  grandfather,  Miller,  in  the  duties  of  the  farm.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  went  to  Williamsport,  where  he  followed  blaeksmithing  three  years. 
In  1839  he  purchased  100  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  and  began 
farming.  In  1844  he  married  Catherine  Taylor,  of  Muncy,  Lycoming  county,  who 
became  the  mother  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Jonas  D.,  of  Liberty;  L.  H.,  of 
Elmira;  John  S.,  a  farmer  of  Cogan  House  township,  Lycoming  county;  George 
W.,  deceased;  Uriah  6.,  a  dentist  of  Elmira;  Warren  P.,  also  a  resident  of  that 
city;  Mary  Margaret,  deceased;  one  that  died  in  infancy,  and  William  B.,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years.  Several  members  of  the  family  are  well  known 
inventors  and  patentees.  Jonas  D.  has  invented  and  patented  a  machinist's  vise; 
also  invented  an  automatic  boiler-feeder  which  keeps  the  water  at  any  height  desired 
without  waste  of  steam  or  fuel,  and  an  electric  light.  L.  H.,  Uriah  G.  and  Warren 
F.  are  the  inventors  of  the  Eureka  Cash  Eegister  and  Pass  Book  System,  now 
established  at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  in  which  they  sold  their  interest,  and  later 
invented  the  Standard  Pass  Book  System,  since  succeeded  by  the  Standard  Account 
System,  now  established  in  Elmira,  New  York,  with  a  cg.pital  of  $50,000.  L.  H. 
Beck  is  employed  by  the  Standard  Account  Company,  successor  of  the  Standard 
Pass  Book  Company,  in  which  he  and  his  brothers  are  financially  interested  as 
patentees.  George  Beck  spent  nearly  his  entire  life  in  agricultural  pursuits,  but 
finally  retired  from  active  labor  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his  industry.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  citizens  of  the  community. 

Heney  Youdis  was  born  in  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  8,  1858,  a 
son  of  Frederick  and  Christina  (Weaver)  Youdis.  His  father  was  bom  in  Germany, 
in  1819,  and  came  to  Lycoming  county  with  his  parents  when  but  nine  years  old. 
They  settled  in  Jackson  township,  where  Frederick  grew  to  maturity.  He  was 
twice  married.  By  his  marriage  to  Christina  Weaver,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Weaver, 
were  born  three  children:  Sena,  wife  of  Levi  Hartsock;  Henry,  of  Liberty  town- 
ship, and  George,  who  lives  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county.  Frederick's 
second  wife  was  Lizzie  Callenback,  of  Lycoming  county,  who  bore  him  three  chil- 
dren, viz:  Sarah,  Mina  and  Charles.  He  was  a  Eepublican  in  politics,  and  a 
Lutheran  in  religion.  He  died  in  February,  1890.  Henry  was  reared  in  Jackson 
township,  there  attended  the  common  schools,  and  worked  on  the  homestead  faxm 
until  his  marriage.  On  February  11,  1884,  he  married  Laura  Hartsock,  a  daughter 
of  K.  H.  Hartsock,  of  Liberty  township,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  where  he  still 
resides.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  children:  Manie,  Mervin  and  Clair.  Mr. 
Youdis  is  an  independent  voter,  supporting  men  rather  than  party.  He  makes  a 
specialty  of  stock  raising  and  sugar  making,  in  which  branches  of  agriculture  he 
has  been  quite  successful. 

John  Duff  was  bom  in  Bonny  Bridge,  Sterlingshire,  Scotland,  in  1838.  His 
father  was  a  sergeant  in  the  British  army,  and  some  of  his  ancestors  fought  against 
Napoleon.  In  possession  of  the  Duff  family  is  a  pair  of  eye  glasses  of  peculiar  make, 
encased  in  a  tortoise  shell  frame,  which  belonged  to  a  grand  uncle  of  Mr.  DufE. 
They  were  used  by  General  Abercrombie  in  his  Egyptian  campaign,  and  are  highly 
prized  by  the  Duff  family.  They  also  own  an  ancient  Bible,  published  in  Scotland. 
The  svibject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  and  was  there  married  ia 
1868,  to  Jane  Shaw,  a  daughter  of  David  Shaw,  of  Dumbartonshire.     In  1881  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1151 


came  to  the  United  States  with  his  two  sons,  and  stopped  a  few  days  in  Fall 
Brook,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvajiia.  He  then  went  to  Arnot  and  found  employ- 
ment with  the  Tioga  Kailroad  Company.  Here  his  wife  joined  him  in  April,  1883. 
He  remained  with  the  Tioga  Railroad  Company  about  one  year,  and  later  found 
employment  with  the  Blossbbrg  Coal  Company,  for  which  he  worked  three  or  four 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga 
county,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture  in  connection  with  mining 
and  other  pursuits.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Duff  were  born  four  children,  viz:  James, 
bom  in  Scotland,  February  3,  1870,  who  is  engaged  in  mining  and  farming;  David 
S.  and  John  H.,  twins,  born  in  Scotland,  June  4,  1873,  both  of  whom  axe  engaged 
in  mining,  and  Jessie  C,  born  February  9,  1874,  who  lives  at  home.  In  religion, 
the  family  are  Presbyterians,  and  in  politics,  adherents  of  the  Republican  party. 
They  are  also  members  of  Sebring  Grange,  No.  1047,  P.  of  H.  Mrs.  Duff  died 
March  6,  1894. 

Michael  McMahon  was  born  in  County  Clare,  Ireland,  January  6,  1838,  a  son 
of  Michael  McMahon,  also  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  immigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1848.  His  father  was  a  distant  relative  of  Marshal  McMahon,  of  France,  com- 
mander of  the  French  forces  under  Napoleon,  and  subsequently  president  of  the 
French  Republic.  He  settled  in  Elmira,  New  York,  where  he  lived  two  years, 
engaged  in  farming  and  working  on  what  was  then  known  as  the  New  York  and 
Lake  Erie  railroad.  In  1850  he  came  to  Jackson  township,  Tioga  county,  in  which 
year  his  wife  and  six  children  came  to  the  United  States.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  then  twelve  years  old.  He  had  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native  land, 
and  afterwards  went  to  the  academy  at  Troy,  Pennsylvania.  In  1853  he  located  in 
Elmira,  and  followed  farming  and  railroading.  In  1863  he  came  to  Nauvoo,  Lib- 
erty township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  general  merchan- 
dising, removing  in  1867  to  the  farm  on  which  he  now  resides.  From  1868  to  1870 
he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Liberty,  during  which  time  he  also 
followed  farming,  and  did  considerable  lumbering  in  Jackson  and  Pine  townships, 
Lycoming  county.  He  introduced  and  bred  what  was  known  as  the  "Clay"  or 
"McMahon"  horses  in  Tioga  county,  and  was  also  a  breeder  of  fine  cattle.  In  1883 
he  married  Minda  Reed,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Reed,  d  Liberty  township,  Tioga 
county,  and  has  one  son,  Michael  K.,  born  July  5,  1885.  In  politics,  Mr.  McMahon 
is  a  Republican. 

William  H.  Leisenking  is  a  native  of  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  where 
he  was  bom  May  4, 1844.  After  quitting  school  he  went  to  Seneca  Falls,  New  York, 
and  learned  the  machinist's  trade  with  John  A.  Rumsey  &  Company,  at  which  he 
worked  until  December  38,  1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Thirty-third 
New  York  Volunteers,  became  color  bearer,  and  served  until  March  37,  1863,  when 
he  was  discharged,  but  immediately  re-enlisted  in  Company  A,  Third  New  York 
Volunteers.  He  served  in  this  regiment  until  February  9,  1863,  when  he  was  again 
discharged,  and  again  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  New 
York  Volunteers  for  the  three  years'  service.  He  participated  in  all  the  battles  and 
skirmishes  in  which  his  command  took  part,  including  the  operations  against  Peters- 
burg and  Richmond,  Swift  Creek,  Proctor's  Creek,  Drurys  Bluff,  Bermuda  Hun- 
dred, and  Cold  Harbor,  where  he  received  a  sabre  woujid,  and  also  five  gunshot 


1152  HISTORY    OF    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

wounds  in  the  right  side  and  leg.  He  was  subsequently  confined  in  the  hospital  at 
Portsmouth  Grove,  Ehode  Island,  from  June,  1864,  until  July,  1865,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Liberty  township.  March  34, 
1868,  Mr.  Leisenring  married  Lodiaskia  Emick,  of  Liberty,  to  which  union  have 
been  bom  seven  children,  viz:  Matilda,  wife  of  "Wesle^  Lloyd,  of  Blaekwells,  Tioga 
county;  H.  W.,  F.  L.,  Hannah  A.  and  John  E.,  both  deceased;  EoUa  E.  and  Mary 
Lydia.  In  politics,  Mr.  Leisenring  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of 
King  Brothers  Post,  No.  288,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Liberty.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Guyon 
Lodge,  No.  16,  P.  &  A.  M.,  of  Seneca  Palls,  New  York. 

Chaeibs  p.  Heyleb  was  bom  in  Liberty  township,  Tioga  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, March  1,  1862,  was  reared  in  his  native  township,  and  received  a  common  . 
school  education.  His  father  was  a  butcher,  and  Charles  P.  assisted  him  in  that 
business  for  twelve  years.  In  1887  he  went  to  Towanda,  Bradford  county,  where 
he  learned  the  tailor's  trade,  which  business  he  worked  at  in  that  place  for  seven 
years.  In  1894  he  returned  to  Liberty,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  his 
trade  in  that  borough.  In  polities,  Mr.  Heyler  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  in 
religion,  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Protestant  church.  He  is  also  connected 
with  Washington  Camp,  No.  638,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  of  Liberty. 

Samuel  Loudenslagee  was  bom  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  there  grew 
to  manhood,  and  spent  his  entire  life  in  his  native  State.  He  married  Mary 
Kevel,  to  which  union  were  bom  fourteen  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy. 
The  living  are  as  follows:  Henry,  George,  Adaline,  who  married  John  Shugar; 
Ellis,  Wesley,  Oscar,  Clarence,  Elmer,  Daniel,  Alice,  Emma  and  Cora.  Mr.  Louden- 
slager  resided  on  his  farm  in  Liberty  township  up  to  his  death,  in  1888.  His  widow 
is  living  on  the  old  homestead. 

Benjamin  Ievin  was  bom  in  Lehigh  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1801.,  a  son  of 
David  and  Mary  (Sechler)  Irvin.  His  father  was  bom  in  the  North  of  Ireland  in 
1774,  came  to  the  United  States  when  about  twenty-five  years  old,  and  located  in 
Lehigh  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  married  in  that  county  to  Mary  Sechler, 
operated  a  distillery  for  several  years,  and  finally  removed  to  the  far  west,  where  he 
died.  Benjamin  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  followed  the  manufacture 
of  charcoal.  He  married  •Prudence  Dunbar,  and  "reared  the  following  children: 
John,  of  Lawrenceville;  Samuel,  deceased;  Martha,  deceased  wife  of  Leroy  Gleason; 
William,  a  resident  of  Big  Eun,  Jefferson  county;  David,  a  merchant  of  Union  town- 
ship, Tioga  county;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Augustus  Veil,  of  Jefferson  county;  Alex- 
ander, who  died  in  youth;  Charles,  who  enlisted  in  the  Twelfth  Illinois  Volunteers 
and  was  killed  at  Port  Donelson;  Emeline,  who  died  in  youth;  James,  who  enlisted 
in  the  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  died  while  in  the  service,  and  Benjamin 
P.,  postmaster  of  Scranton,  Kansas.  Benjamin  Irvin  and  family  removed  from 
Lehigh  to  Lycoming  county  in  1849-50,  where  they  lived  a  few  years.  He  then 
purchased  a  farm  in  Union  township,  Tioga  county,  and  resided  there  until  his  death 
in  March,  1891.  In  religion,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Disciples  church,  and  in 
politics,  a  Eepublican. 

John  Ievin  was  bom  in  Lehigh  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  24,  1830,  grew 
to  manhood  in  Lehigh  and  Lycoming  counties,  and  obtained  a  common  school  edu- 
cation.   When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  engaged  as  foreman  in  a  lumber  contract 


BIOGBAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1153 


on  Pine  creek,  which  position  he  filled  for  six  years.  He  next  spent  three  years 
as  a  charcoal  contractor  for  an  iron  factory  in  Lycoming  county.  Later  he  opened 
a  store  in  Ogdensburg,  Union  township,  Tioga  county,  and  operated  the  same  until 
the  fall  o-f  1861.  On  August  37,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred 
and  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  which  he  was  commissioned  second  lieu- 
ienant.  His  brothers,  Samuel,  William  and  David,  were  in  the  same  company.  Mr. 
Irvin  participated  in  all  the  engagements  in  which  his  regiment  took  part,  was  pro- 
moted to  first  lieutenant  of  Company  D,  and  later  to  captain  of  Company  B,  and 
finally  commissioned  major.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and 
was  mustered  out  in  October,  1864,  but  was  retained  to  take  command  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Sixth  Battalion.  After  three  months  he  was  discharged  by  a  general 
•order,  affecting  all  officers  who  had  served  three  years.  Eetuming  to  Tioga  county, 
he  resumed  merchandising  at  Ogdensburg,  where  he  also  built  and  operated  a  steam 
saw-mill  until  the  fall  of  1891,  when  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Tioga  county,  a  position 
he  filled  for  three  years.  He  then  located  in  Lawrenceville,  where  he  has  since  lived. 
On  January  1,  1855,  Mr.  Irvin  was  married  to  Betsey  A.  Barker,  a  daughter  of 
Ambrose  and  Mary  Barker,  of  Union  township.  Five  children  were  born  to  this 
marriage,  viz:  Martha,  deceased  wife  of  V.  "W.  Sheffer;  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Veil, 
oi  Williamsport;  Emma,  who  died  in  infancy;  Myrtie,  wife  of  Curtis  Treat,  of 
Elmira,  and  Minnie,  wife  of  Eli  Eoberts,  of  Lawrence  township.  Mrs.  Irvin  died 
in  Lawrenceville,  December  6,  1896,  a  consistent  member  of  the  Church  of  Christ. 
Mr.  Irvin  is  a  member  of  the  P.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  0.  0.  P.,  and  the  K.  of  P.,  and  is  also 
connected  with  theUnion  Veteran  Legion  and  the  G.  A.  E.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 

JoH2sr  Geeen  was  one  of  the  lumber  operators  in  this  section  of  Pennsylvania 
iorty  years  ago.  He  was  a  native  of  Westchester  county,  New  York,  bom  in  1785, 
a  son  of  Isaiah  and  Elizabeth  (Purman)  Green,  natives  of  the  same  State.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  near  the  famous  "Sleepy  Hollow,"  in  Westchester  county,  and 
reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz:  William,  John,  Fannie,  Amy,  Rhoda,  Jacob 
-and  Samuel.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  good  education,  and  subsequently 
•secured  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  wholesale  house  in  New  York  City.  After  a  short 
time  he  became  proprietor  of  a  large  store  in  that  city,  which  he  afterward  sold  and 
opened  stores  at  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  and  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  where 
he  carried  on  business  successfully  up  to  1836.  In  that  year  he  sold  his  business 
interests  and  purchased  a  farm  near  Poughkeepsie,  on  which  he  lived  five  years. 
In  1841  he  disposed  of  this  property  and  came  to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania.  He 
had  purchased  20,000  acres  of  timber  lands  in  Lycoming  county  in  1838,  15,000  of 
■which  he  had  sold  prior  to  his  settlement  in  Williamsport.  He  was  the  incorporator 
of  and  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Eed  Eun  Coal  Company  at  Eoaring  Branch,  and 
also  owned  and  operated  a  saw-mill  at  that  point.  He  finally  removed  from  Wil- 
liamsport to  Eoaxing  Branch,  where  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  were  passed. 
Mr.  Green  married  Eliza  Shearman,  a  daughter  of  David  Shearman,  who  bore  him 
a  family  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Ann  and  Elizabeth,  both  of  whom  died  in 
youth;  David,  a  prominent  surveyor  and  later  in  the  employ  of  the  United  States 
treasury  department,  who  died  in  1878;  Mary,  who  lives  with  her  brother,  Charles 
S.;   John  E.,  who  died  in  childhood;    Charles  S.,  a  resident  of  Eoaring  Branch; 


1154  HISTOET    OP    TIOGA    COUNTY. 

John  B.,  who  lives  in  the  same  village;  Moa.tgoniery,  deceased;  Hannah  T.,  who 
makes  her  home  with  Charles  S.,  and  Henry  C,  superintendent  of  the  lumber  de- 
partment of  the  Eed  Run  Coal  Company,  at  Ealston.  Mr.  Green  died  at  Eoaring 
Branch,  in  December,  1866,  and  his  wife  in  Williamsport,  in  March,  1861. 

Chaeles  S.  Gkeen  is  the  second  oldest  living  child  of  John  and  Eliza  Green, 
and  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  lumber  dealers  in  northern  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  bom  in  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  July  6,  1839,  there  attended  the  public 
schools  in  boyhood,  and  completed  his  education  at  what  is  now  Dickinson  Semi- 
nary, in  "Williamsport,  then  a  private  school  for  boys.  Soon  after  leaving  school 
he  began  clerking  in  a  drug  store  in  Williamsport,  going  one  year  later  to  New 
York  City,  where  for  two  years  he  continued  the  same  occupation.  Eemoving  to 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  he  clerked  in  a  book  store  for  eleven  years,  thus  ob- 
taining a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  mercantile  business.  In  June,  1855,  he  came 
to  Eoaring  Branch,  where  he  erected  a  mill  for  the  manufacture  of  shingles,  barrel 
staves  and  heading,  and  two  years  later  opened  a  general  store,  which  he  carried  on 
up  to  1883.  In  1891  he  re-opened  the  Eed  Eun  Coal  Company's  mines,  at  Ealston, 
of  which  he  is  general  manager,  and  where  the  company  also  carry  on  an  extensive 
lumber  business.  Soon  afterwards  the  Ealston  Brick  Company  was  organized  for 
the  manufacture  of  dry  pressed  brick  from  clay  found  in  the  Eed  Eun  mines,  in 
which  Mr.  Green  is  largely  interested  and  treasurer  of  the  company.  His  lumber 
business  at  Eoaring  Branch  consists  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  all  kinds  of  hem- 
lock and  hard  wood  lumber.  In  1871  he  built  his  handsome  residence  on  the  hill 
overlooking  the  beautiful  valley  of  Eoaring  Branch,  and  it  is  a  model  of  comfort 
and  convenience.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  in  poli- 
ties, Mr.  Green  is  a  Eepublican.  He  is  one  of  the  wealthy  and  substantial  citizens 
of  Tioga  county,  in  which  he  has  lived  for  more  than  forty  years. 

George  E.  Teipp  was  bom  in  Washington  county.  New  York,  July  13,  1825, 
obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  farming  and 
lumbering.  On  February  11,  1855,  he  married  Mahala  Austin,  of  New  York  state, 
who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Alice,  now  the  wife  of  William  Dann,  of  Ogdensburg, 
Tioga  county.  Mr.  Tripp  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1858,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  At  the  end  of  one 
year  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability,  but  in  1864  he  again  enlisted,  this 
time  in  Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and  Third  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  was 
wounded  at  Fort  Fisher  and  sent  to  Mercy  Hospital,  in  New  York  City,  where  he 
remained  for  one  year,  and  was  finally  discharged  in  May,  1865.  He  has  never  fully 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  wound,  being  almost  as  helpless  as  a  child,  but  is 
still  proud  of  the  fact  that  it  was  received  while  fighting  for  his  country.  In  politics, 
he  is  a  stanch  Eepublican,  and  in  religion,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.     Mr.  Tripp  is  also  connected  with  Ingram  Post,  No.  91,  G.  A.  E.,  of  Canton. 

MOEEIS    TOWNSHIP. 

Enoch  Blackwell,  Se.,  was  born  and  reared  in  Haven  Parish,  Gloucestershire, 
England.  In  1805  he  came  to  the  United  States  as  one  of  a  colony  of  settlers  organ- 
ized by  Eev.  John  Hey,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  purpose  of  settling  on  certain  lands 
in  Pine  township,  Lycoming  county,  the  lands  located  upon  being  still  known  as 


BIOGHAPHICAL   SKETCHES.  1155 


the  "English  Settlement."  He  died  at  Jersey  Shore  in  1816,  while  on  a  business 
trip.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Mary  Perrine,  of  Haven  Parish, 
who  bore  him  the  following  children:  John,  who  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
and  died  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania;  William,  the  founder  of  Blackwells, 
Tioga  county;  Enoch,  who  died  in  England;  Nancy,  who  married  Henry  Tomb; 
Sarah,  who  married  John  Gamble;  Phoebe,  who  married  Joel  Shearer  and  settled  in 
Eoek  county,  Illinois,  and  Hannah,  who  became  the  wife  of  Bben  Haydock,  of  ISTew 
Jersey.  Mr.  Blaekwell's  second  wife  survived  him  and  became  the  wife  of  John 
Campbell,  a  pioneer  of  ISTelson  township,  Tioga  county.  The  children  of  the  second 
marriage  were  Enoch,  afterwards  a  prominent  citizen  of  Nelson,  and  Mary,  who 
mairied  Kobert  Campbell,  of  the  same  township. 

William  Blackwell,  second  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  Blackwell,  was  bom  in 
Haven  Parish,  Gloucestershire,  England,  June  21,  1790.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1804,  preceding  his  parents  one  year.  He  rejoined  them  on  their  arrival 
at  Philadelphia,  and  settled  in  Pine  township,  Lycoming  county.  In  1811  he  pur- 
chased froni^his  father  120  acres  of  land  on  Pine  creek,  in  Tioga  county,  both  above 
and  below  the  mouth  of  Babb's  creek,  on  which  he  located  in  1817,  and  became  the 
founder  of  the  village  of  Blackwells.  He  engaged  in  cutting  and  rafting  square 
timber  down  Pine  creek  and  the  Susquehanna,  which  business  he  followed  many 
years.  In  1815  he  married  Sarah  Morrison,  of  Lycoming  county,  who  became  the 
mother  of  seven  children,  viz:  Mary  Ann,  who  married  Eobert  Steele,  of  Delmar; 
George  and  Enoch,  residents  of  Blackwells;  John,  deceased;  William,  a  physician 
of  Blackwells;  James,  of  Morris  township,  and  Sarah,  widow  of  Gurdon  Steele,  of 
Delmar.  Mr.  Blackwell  died  December  6,  1859,  and  his  wife,  in  January,  1881, 
aged  eighty-six  years. 

Enoch  Blackwell,  second  son  of  William  Blackwell,  and  grandson  of  Enoch 
Blackwell,  Sr.,  was  bom  at  Blackwells,  Tioga  county,  January  29,  1834.  He  ob- 
tained a  common  school  education,  and  since  arriving  at  manhood  has  been  exten- 
sively engaged  in  lumbering,  merchandising  and  farming.  He  is  still  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  pursues  a  busy  life.  Mr.  Blackwell  was  married  October  3,  1847,  to 
Mary  E.  Webster,  a  daughter  of  Sylvester  and  Tamar  Webster,  of  Liberty  township, 
to  which  union  were  bom  the  following  children:  Horace  W.,  a  resident  of  Morris 
township;  Clara  Ann,  wife  of  William  H.  Walters,  of  Pine  township,  Lycoming 
county;  Thomas,  a  resident  of  Blackwells;  Addie,  wife  of  Henry  Tidd,  of  Piae 
township;  Eugene  and  Sylvester,  of  Blackwells;  Harriet,  wife  of  William  Plank, 
of  Morris  township,  and  Miles,  a  merchant  of  Morris.  Mrs.  Blackwell  died  March 
23,  1894,  and  he  was  again  married,  June  26,  1895,  to  Matilda  Callahan,  widow  of 
Perry  Callahan,  of  Delmar  township.  Mr.  Blackwell  has  devoted  most  of  his  life 
to  lumbering,  and  has  followed  every  department  of  that  business,  from  scaler  of 
logs  to  mill  owner  and  operator.  He  was  also  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Black- 
wells for  a  number  of  years.  Politically,  a  stanch  Eepublican,  he  has  filled  various 
township  ofiices,  and  was  postmaster  at  Blackwells  from  1862  to  1886.  He  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of  his  native  county. 

AirGirsTTTS  G.  Seaman  was  bom  near  Unadilla,  Otsego  county,  New  York, 
April  36,  1831,  a  son  of  William  and  Mary  Seaman.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
England  and  his  mother  of  Connecticut,  and  pioneer  settlers  of  Otsego  county. 


1156  HISTOET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Their  children  were  named  as  follows:  Benjamin  S.,  deceased;  Mary  Ann,  de- 
ceased wife  of  William  Baisley;  Mrs.  Sarah  Davis,  deceased;  William,  who  resides, 
in  Otsego  county;  Augustus  G.,  of  Morris  township;  Serena  M.,  deceased  wife  of 
Joseph  Hopkins;  Marietta,  wife  of  Edward  Bowen;  James,  a  resident  of  Chenango 
county.  New  York;  Catherine  L.,  wife  of  Francis  Walker;  Cyrus,  a  resident  of 
Unadilla,  and  Adeline,  wife  of  Edward  Granger.  The  parents  died  on  the  home- 
stead in  Otsego  county,  the  father  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven,  and  the  mother  at 
the  age  of  sixty-six.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his  native  county 
and  came  to  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1844,  settling  on  fifty  acres  of  land  in 
Morris  township,  near  the  Lycoming  county  line,  to  which  he  has  since  added  a  tract 
of  fifty  acres.  He  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  lumbering.  On  De- 
cember 34,  1846,  he  married  Louisa  Childs,  a  daughter  of  Eichaxd  and  Margaret. 
Childs,  and  has  one  son,  William  W.  In  politics,  Mr.  Seaman  is  a  Republican,  and 
has  filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  collector  and  school  director  in  Morris  township. 
He  is  a  well  known  and  highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Morris  and  one  of  its  oldest  living 
residents. 

William  W.  Seaman,  only  child  of  Augustus  G.  and  Louisa  Seaman,  was  born 
on  the  homestead  farm  in  Morris  township,  Tioga  county,  April  9,  1848.  He  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  his  district  and  devoted  himself  to  farmiag  and  lum- 
bering until  1880,  when  he  engaged  in  exploring  for  coal  in  Clearfield,  Jefferson  and 
Centre  counties,  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  achieving  marked  success 
and  earning  a  well-deserved  reputation  in  that  line.  Mr.  Seaman  also  purchased  the 
option  on  60,000  acres  of  coal  lands  near  Clearfield,  and  later  associated  with  him 
Hon.  William  A.  Wallace,  of  Clearfield,  and  Hon.  S.  E.  Peale,  of  Lock  Haven,  and 
they  organized  the  Clearfield  Bituminous  Coal  Company,  which  owned  35,000  acres 
of  land  and  had  a  capital  stock  of  $5,000,000,  upon  which  at  present  the  Beech 
Creek  and  'New  York  Central  railroads  carry  on  their  soft  coal  operations,  in 
Clearfield  and  Centre  counties.  In  1895  he  returned  to  his  farm  in  Morris  town- 
ship and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering.  Mr.  Seaman  was  mar- 
ried September  17,  1863,  to  Annie  Irwin,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Irwin.  She  died 
in  1881.  In  1883  he  married  LiUie  Boyer,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Angeline 
Boyer,  of  Centre  county.  To  this  union  have  been  bom  eight  children,  all  of  whom 
are  living,  viz:  Louisa,  W.  A.,  Angeline,  Samuel,  Florence,  Lillie,  Richard  and 
Landius.  Mr.  Seaman  is  one  of  the  largest  land  owners  in  Tioga  county,  his  lands 
lying  in  both  Tioga  and  Lycoming.  Much  of  it  is  covered  with  hemlock,  pine  and 
hard-wood  timber  and  is  very  valuable.  His  lumbering  operations  axe  extensive 
and  he  ranks  among  the  substantial  business  men  and  leading  farmers  of  the  county. 
On  October  5, 1894,  his  fine  residence,  which  cost  $13,000,  was  destroyed  by  fire.  In 
the  summer  of  1896  he  erected  his  present  residence  at  a  cost  of  $14,000.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Seaman  is  a  Republican,  and  in  1896  was  one  of  the  conferees  of  Tioga 
county  that  met  at  Williamsport  and  nominated  Hon.  Horace  B.  Packer  for  Con- 
gress. He  has  also  filled  the  offices  of  school  director,  supervisor  and  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  is  a  citizen  of  commendable  enterprise  and  public  spirit. 

Stlvestee  Webstee  was  bom  at  Athens,  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1804,  a  son  of  Aaron  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Campbell)  Webster.  His  parents  re- 
moved from  Bradford  county  to  the  Cowanesque  valley,  Tioga  county,  a  few  years 


BIOGHAPHICAL  SKETCHES.  1157 


after  his  birth,  where  his  father  operated  a  tajinery  until  his  death,  in  1813.  Aaron 
Webster  was  the  father  of  three  children,  viz:  Maria,  who  married  William  Em- 
mick;  Lyman,  who  settled  in  one  of  the  western  States,  and  Sylvester.  His  widow 
married  William  Babb,  a  son  of  Samson  Babb,  the  pioneer  settler  of  Morris  town- 
ship. The  subject  of  this  sketch  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  and  became  a  miller. 
He  erected  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill  at  Nauvoo,  Tioga  county,  for  Jeremiah  Black 
at  an  early  day.  In  1824  he  married  Tamar  Bmmick,  to  whom  were  born  six  chil- 
dren, viz:  J.  E.,  of  Morris  township;  Mary  Elizabeth,  deceased  wife  of  Enoch 
Blackwell,  of  Blackwells;  Lydia  Jane,  deceased  wife  of  George  Clark,  of  Brown, 
township,  Lycoming  county;  Arminta,  wife  of  James  Morrison,  of  Cedax  Eun; 
Harriet,  deceased  wife  of  Bethuel  Diggen,  of  Muncy,  and  Anna.  Mr.  Webster  died 
September  33,  1889,  and  his  wife,  July  23,  1840. 

J.  E.  Webstee,  eldest  son  of  Sylvester  and  Tamar  Webster,  was  bom  in  Liberty 
township,  Tioga  county,  September  9,  1827,  and  was  reared  upon  a  farm.  In  1860 
he  removed  to  Morris,  residing  there  until  1871,  when  he  located  on  his  present  farm 
in  Morris  township.  July  4,  1850,  he  married  Alsina  Steele,  a  daughter  of  James' 
and  Hannah  Steele,  to  which  union  have  been  reared  the  following  children:  Wil- 
liam J.,  deceased;  Walter,  a  resident  of  Morris;  Martha,  wife  of  William  O'Connor,, 
of  Wellsboro;  Orrin,  a  resident  of  Potter  county;  Daniel,  of  Morris;  Eobert,  whO' 
lives  in  West  Virginia;  Homer  6.,  a  resident  of  Morris  township;  Sylvester  J.  and 
Lowell  E.,  both  residing  in  Potter  county.  Mr.  Webster  is  a  Republican,  in  politics; 
has  been  township  supei-visor  during  1862-63;  a  school  director  for  fifteen  years;, 
census  enumerator  in  1890,  and  is  now  township  assessor.  During  the  Civil  War 
he  served  in  Company  P,  Thirty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Militia,  known  as  Emergency 
Men.     In  rehgion,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Andeew  Dinnisojt  was  born  in  Scotland,  March  4,  1804,  and  grew  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  land.  His  wife,  Mary,  was  bom  December  28,  1814.  In  1849- 
they  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  in  Jackson  township,  Lycoming  county, 
where  he  died  April  4, 1865.  His  wife  died  April  36,  1888.  They  were  the  parents 
of  the  following  children:  Maiy,  wife  of  James  McNeil,  of  Saginaw  county,  Michi- 
gan; Jane,  wife  of  Charles  Naylor,  of  Lycoming  county;  James,  gf  Morris  town- 
ship; John,  who  died  June  11, 1888;  Sarah,  wife  of  Andrew  Wylie,  of  Liberty  town- 
ship, and  William,  a  resident  of  the  same  township. 

James  Dinnison  was  bom  in  Scotland,  June  15,  1839,  a  son  of  Andrew  and 
Mary  Dinnison,  and  was  ten  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Lycoming  county. 
He  grew  to  manhood  on  the  old  homestead,  and  came  to  Tioga  county  in  1866,  locat- 
ing immediately  west  of  Nauvoo,  in  Morris  township.  He  became  a  partner  with 
Eobert  Custard  in  the  old  Nelson  Boot  saw-mill  property.  In  1869  he  bought  hiS' 
partner's  interest  in  the  mill  and  has  since  carried  on  the  enterprise  alone.  The 
mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  re-built,  and  was  washed  out  by  the  flood  of  1889, 
and  again  re-built.  Since  1893  Mr.  Dinnison  has  also  operated  a  roller  buckwheat 
mill  and  a  buhr  feed  mill  in  the  building  foirmerly  used  as  a  woolen  facto^ry.  Both 
mills  are  run  by  water  power.  Mr.  Dinnison  was  married  November  7,  1871,  to  Har- 
riet Plank,  a  daughter  of  John  Plank,  to  which  union  have  been  bom  eight  children^ 
viz:  Mary  M.,  who  died  September  31,  1877;  Sarah  J.,  John  F.,  James  A.,  Ada 
Elizabeth,  Adam  B.,  who  died  December  15,  1895;  William  and  Euth.     In  politics,. 


1158  HI3T0ET   OF   TIOGA    COUNTY. 

Mr.  Dinnison  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  in  religion,  a  member  ol  the  Lutheran  church. 
He  has  served  as  school  director  and  township  treasurer.  He  combines  farming 
with  his  milling  business,  and  owns  and  cultivates  a  farm  of  ninety-two  acres  ia 
Liberty  township.  Honorable  and  upright  in  all  his  dealings,  he  enjoys  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  the  community. 

Isaac  F.  Black  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  16,  1835. 
He  obtained  a  common  school  education,  and  also  a  good  knowledge  of  book-keep- 
ing, after  which,  in  1856,  he  began  clerking  in  Jeansville,  Luzerne  county.  He 
was  soon  after  promoted  to  book-keeper,  and  in  1860  formed  a  partnership  with  J. 
F.  Eandolph,  Jr.,  and  continued  merchaadising  in  that  place.  He  later  sold  his 
interest  and  removed  to  Eohrsburg,  Columbia  county,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
general  mercantile  business.  In  1882  he  came  to  Morris,  Tioga  county,  and  pur- 
chased the  Black  Hotel  property,  from  William  Black,  and  carried  on  that  business 
successfully  until  1893,  when  he  rented  the  house  to  B.  A.  Kennedy,  his  son-in-law. 
In  1866  he  married  Emma  E.  Kleiber,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Ella,  now  the 
wife  of  E.  A.  Kennedy,  of  Morris.  Mrs.  Black  died  December  33,  1894.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Black  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  Past  Chancellor  of  Woodland  Lodge,  No.  375,  K. 
of  P.,  of  Hoytville,  and  is  also  a  member  and  financial  secretary  of  Washington 
Camp,  No.  624,  P.  0.  S.  of  A.,  of  the  same  place.  He  has  filled  the  offices  of  school 
director  and  auditor,  and  is  one  of  the  best  known  citizens  of  Morris  township. 

Thomas  J.  Biemingham,  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Brooks)  Birmingham, 
was  bom  at  Pine  City,  Chemung  county,  New  York,  February  9,  1870.  His'  parents 
were  natives  of  Ireland  and  came  to  Elmira,  New  York,  in  1866,  later  removing  to 
Pine  City,  where  his  father  became  a  tannery  employe.  In  1878  he  came  to  Tioga 
county,  settling  at  Millerton,  Jackson  township.  He  afterwards  became  a  railroad 
employe,  and  was  accidentally  killed  at  Seely  Creek,  New  York,  June  10,  1886. 
His  wife  died  at  Pine  City,  October  5,  1876.  To  Thomas  and  Mary  Birmiagham 
were  born  six  children,  viz:  Patrick,  a  resident  of  Morris;  Mary,  wife  of  John 
Leonard,  of  Blossburg;  Annie,  wife  of  John  McNamara,  of  the  same  place;  Thomas 
J.,  of  Morris;  Bridget  and  Michael,  aiso  residing  in  Morris.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  a  common  school  education,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  entered 
the  store  of  W.  W.  Tate,  of  Morris,  for  whom  he  clerked  one  year.  The  following 
eight  years  he  was  in  the  employ  of  E.  E.  Kelts,  of  the  same  place,  whom  he  bought 
out,  April  1,  1896,  and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  the  town.  In  poli- 
tics, he  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  the  present  postmaster  of  Morris.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  church  and  is  connected  with  the  A.  0.  H.  and  the  C.  T.  A.  societies, 
being  now  secretary  of  Sacred  Heart  Branch  of  the  latter  organization.  Though  a 
young  man,  Mr.  Birmingham  ranks  as  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  Morris. 
His  success  in  business  has  been  due  to  painstaking  industry;  a  conscientious  dis- 
charge of  duty  from  day  to  day;  a  genial  and  courteous  bearing,  and  a  high  regard 
for  honor  and  honesty  in  all  his  dealings. 

E.  F.  EoBiNsoN,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  at  State  Eoad,  Lycoming 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1862,  on  the  old  Eobinson  homestead,  settled  by  his  grand- 
father in  1802.  After  attending  the  public  schools  of  Lycoming  township  imtil  the 
age  of  fourteen,  he  spent  two  terms  at  the  Montoursville  Normal  School,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1879-80,  he  engaged  in  teaching.     The  following  summer  he  attended 


BIOGBAPHICAL    SKETCHES.  1159 


the  Muncy  Normal,  and  taught  during  the  winter  seasons  up  to  1882,  when  he  grad- 
uated with  high  honors.  He  next  attended  the  AVilliamsport  Commercial  College, 
where  he  graduated,  and  then  took  a  two  years'  course  at  Lock  Haven  Normal 
School,  graduating  from  that  institution  and  carrying  off  one  of  the  highest  honors. 
Selecting  the  medical'  profession  as  his  chosen  vocation,  he  began  his  studies  under 
Dr.  G.  D.  Nutt,  of  Williamsport.  In  1886  he  went  to  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in  1888.  After  practicing  for 
a  short  time  in  Williamsport,  he  accepted  the  position  of  medical  attendant  at  the 
Cedar  Eun  Tannery,  Leetonia,  Tioga  county,  which  he  filled  three  years.  In  1891 
he  located  in  Morris,  and  the  following  year  purchased  the  drug  store  of  the  late 
W.  P.  Kerr,  which  he  has  since  carried  on  successfully  in  connection  with  his  pro- 
fessional duties.  Dr.  Eobinson  is  a  member  of  the  Lycoming  County  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  has  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  in  his  present  field  of  labor. 

Peter  Kline,  proprietor  of  livery  stables  in  Morris,  was  born  in  Sullivan 
county.  New  York,  October  8,  1863,  a  son  of  John  and  Kate  (Hayne)  Kline.  His 
father  came  from  Germany,  to  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  in  1853,  where  he  met 
and  married  Kate  Hayne,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  living,  viz:  John  and  Jacob,  both  residents  of  Sullivan  county.  New  York; 
Peter,  of  Morris,  Tioga  county;  Barbara,  wife  of  Jacob  Wingert;  Katie,  Michael, 
Lizzie,  wife  of  Conrad  Metzgar,  and  Bertha.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  worked  on 
his  father's  farm  up  to  1883,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Tioga  county,  where  he 
followed  lumbering  and  Jobbing  until  April  1,  1896.  He  then  erected  a  livery  bam 
in  Morris,  stocked  it  with  new  rigs  and  good  horses,  and  has  since  carried  on  the 
business.  Mr.  Kline  was  married  March  10,  1890,  to  Kate  Walter,  of  Sullivan 
county.  New  York,  to  whom  has  been  born  three  children,  viz:  Harry,  Lizzie  and 
Ealph  Albert.  In  politics,  Mr.  Kline  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  reUgion  a  member  of  the 
German  Presbyterian  church,  while  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.     He  is  also  connected  with  Hoytville  Lodge,  No.  665, 1.  0.  0.  P. 

E.  L.  KiNGSBtTBT  was  bom  at  Lake  Como,  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
17, 1853,  a  son  of  William  and  Mahala  (Woodmansie)  Kingsbury.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  the  same  county,  his  father  being  employed  for  a  number  of  yeaxs  as  fore- 
man of  the  woods  at  Lake  Como  tannery.  His  mother  died  in  1869,  and  his  father 
married  for  his  second  wife  Samantha  Stanton,  and  is  still  living  at  Lake  Como. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  worked  at^the  tannery  at  that  place,  where  he  filled  the 
position  of  weighmaster  four  years.  In  July,  1884,  he  removed  to  Hoytville,  Tioga 
county,  where  he  found  employment  at  the  Brunsvrick  Tannery,  and  has  since  filled 
the  position  of  outside  foreman  and  weighmaster.  In  1874  Mr.  Kingsbury  mar- 
ried Carmith  Sherwood,  a  daughter  of  Amos  0.  and  Lucinda  Sherwood,  of  Wayne 
county.  She  died  on  October  15,  1890,  leaving  six  children,  viz:  Cora,  Grace  L., 
William  S.,  Elwyn,  Charles  H.  and  Basil.  On  October  20,  1892,  he  married  for 
his  second  wife  Grace  Mitchell,  who  has  one  child,  Lyle.  Mr.  Kingsbury  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  has  served  three  terms  as  supervisor  of  Morris  township.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  K.  0.  T.  M.  societies.  Since  coming  to  Hoytville,  Mr. 
Kingsbury  has  discharged  the  duties  of  his  responsible  position  in  a  satisfactory 
manner. 

G.  W.  Darby  was  born  in  Greene  county.  New  York,  May  14,  1839,  there  grew 


1160  HISTORY   OF   TIOGA   COUNTY. 

to  maturity,  and  in  1857  removed  to  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked 
in  a  taimery  for  twelve  years.  Ketuming  to  Sullivan  county,  New  York,  in  1869,  he 
worked  in  a  tannery  there  seven  years,  and  two  years  in  the  same  business  in  Lewis 
county.  In  1878  he  came  to  Sullivan  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  worked  for  the 
Hoyt  Brothers,  and  in  1892  came  to  Hoytville  to  accept  a  responsible  position  in 
the  tannery  at  that  place,  where  he  is  still  employed.  Mr.  Darby  has  been  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Melissa  C.  Horton,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  who  bore  him  nine 
•children,  as  follows:  Delbert  H.,  of  Hoytville;  Samuel,  of  the  same  place;  Clarissa, 
wife  of  Walter  Hoffman,  of  Sullivan  county;  Edgar,  Fred,  Nettie  and  John,  both 
■deceased;  Mittie  and  Florence.  Mrs.  Darby  died  October  30,  1889,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1893,  Mr.  Darby  married  Ida  Moyer,  of  Watsontown,  Pennsylvania.  In  poli- 
ties, he  is  a  Republican. 

Delbeet  H.  Darby  was  bom  in  Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania,  February  7, 
1862.  After  leaving  school  he  clerked  in  Hillsgrove,  Sullivan  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, for  three  years.  He  afterwards  learned  the  tanner's  trade,  and  in  1885  went 
to  Petoskey,  Michigan,  to  take  charge  of  a  tannery  at  that  place.  In  1887  he  came 
to  Hoytville,  Tioga  county,  where  he  has  since  filled  a  responsible  position  in  the 
Hoytville  tannery.  In  1883  Mr.  Darby  married  Ella  A.  Connelly,  of  Hillsgrove, 
^ho  bore  him  one  daughter,  Delia  H.  Mrs.  Darby  died  on  April  23,  1887,  and  in 
March,  1889,  he  married  Stella  J.  Field,  of  Wellsboro.  In  politics,  Mr.  Darby  is 
-a  Republican.  He  is  a  Past  Grand  of  Hoytvile  Lodge,  No.  665, 1.  0.  0.  F.,  and  Past 
•Commander  of  Morris  Tent,  No.  215,  K.  0.  T.  M. 


INDKX. 


Page. 

Aborigines   29 

Academy  Corners 420 

Academy,   Lawrenceville 538 

Academy,  The  Wellsboro 275 

Academy  Trustees,  election  contest  of. .  286 

Academy,  Union 417 

Aekley,    Chancy   C 956 

Ackley,  Eoswell 956 

Acreage  and  Production,  1890 117 

Adams,  Erwin  J 772 

Adams,   Frank  H 993 

Adams,  John  S 888 

Adams,  John  Willard,  sketch  of 170 

Adams,  John  Willard,  portrait  of 593 

Adams,  Capt.  Lyman 273,  993 

Adams,  Lyman  N 993 

Adams,    Kobert 771 

Adams,  Walter  C 1011 

Adams,  William   (Mansfield) 158 

Adams,  William  (Charleston  town'fehip) .  771 

Adamy,   Greorge  K 814 

Adamy,  Sylvester  E 814 

Addison  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad 108 

Additional  Lavr  Judges 138 

Advertiser,  The  Blossburg 1126 

Advertiser,   The  Mansfield 588 

Advertiser,  The  Wellsboro 321 

Advocate,  The  Millerton 549 

Advocate,  The  Kepublican 326 

Agitator,  The  Wellsboro 321 

Agriculture,   progress    of 116 

Agricultural  Societies  and  Pairs 118 

Alford,   Chauncey 292 

Alford,  H.  S 1006 

Alford,  Stephen  C 1006 

Allegheny  Mountain  Plateau 18 

Allen,  Dr.  Adolphus  191 

Allen,   Almon 1055 

Allen,  Prof.  Fordyce  Almon,  sketch  of..  1055 
Allen,  Prof.  Fordyce  Almon,  portrait  of.  257 

Allen,  Henry 164 

Allen,  Lieut.  Jacob 210,  1055 

Allen,  Thomas 162 

Anderson,   Andrevr 1128 

Andrews,  Darius  C 763 

AnSrevrs,  Dennis 811 

Andrews,  Francis  M 763 

Andrews,   Frank   D 1132 

Andrews,   James   E 811 

Angell,   Daniel 880 

Angell,  William  Darius 880 

An  Obdurate  Judge 92 

An  Old  Indictment 83 

Ansonia,  village  of  473 

Ansonia,   origin  of  name 113 


Page. 

Anthony  or  Anthonyson 640 

Anticlinals  and  Synclinals 19 

Anticlinal,   Wellsboro 21 

Antrim,  village  of   495 

Arbon  Coal  Company 104,  124 

Arbon  Land  Company 105,  125 

Archer,   Dr.  Eobert  H 197 

Argetsinger,  Hugh 1079 

Argetsinger,  James 1079 

Argus,   The  Tioga 512 

Armenia  Mountains 20 

Armstrong,  Rev.  Hallock 834 

Aenot. — First  Settlement,  607;  Named 
Draketown,  606;  Changed  to  Arnot, 
607;  Rapid  Growth,  607;  Business  En- 
terprises, 607 ;  Physicians,  608;  Schools, 
608;  The  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
60S;  Christ  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  609;  Gethsemane  Swedish 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  609;  St. 
Andrew's  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
609;  The  Swedish  Free  Mission,  609; 
The  Puritan  Congregational  Church, 
609;  Societies,  610. 
Arnot  and  Pine  Creek  Railroad  Com- 
pany    105 

Asaph  PostofSce 474 

Ashton,  Henry  A 181 

Ashton,  Norman  A 951 

Assessment  of  1896,  summary  of 118 

Associate   Judges 139 

Associate    Justices    Supreme    Court    of 

Pennsylvania    137 

Attorney  Generals  of  Pennsylvania 137 

Auditor  General  of  Pennsylvania 137 

Austin,   Alvin   B 1092 

Austin,   Caleb 767 

Austin,   Charles 767 

Austin,    C.    N 767 

Austin,  Leander  R 1092 

Austin,  William ' 946 

Austinburg,  village  of   455 

Avery,  Charles 715 

Avery,   Cyrus  W ,. 715 

Azelta   Postofiice 468 

B 

Babb's    Creek 63 

Babb,    Samson 63,  487 

Babcock,  Charles  Levi 844 

Babeock,  Oliver  Perry 843 

Babcock,  Samuel  Perry 843 

Bache  Auditorium' 349 

Bache,  John  N.,  sketch  of 158 


1162 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Bache,  John  N.,  portrait  of 273 

•Bache,  William,  Sr 265,  658 

Bache,  Mrs.  William,  Sr 268 

Bache,  William,  Jr.,  sketch  oi 658 

Bache,  William,  Jr.,  portrait  of 65 

Bacon,  Dr.  Daniel. 199 

Bacon,   Daniel  Harvey 720 

Bacon,  Elmer 703 

Bacon,  Dr.  Ethan  B 193 

Bacon,  Morgan  L.,  M.  D.,  sketches  of  199,  704 
Bacon,  Morgan  L.,  M.  D.,  portrait  of . . . .  201 

Bacon,   Oliver 720 

Bacon,  Oliver,  Jr.,  sketch  of 721 

Bacon,  Oliver  Jr.,  portrait  of 737 

Bacon,  Simeon,  sketch  of 720 

Bacon,  Simeon,  portrait  of 721 

Bailey,  Carl  E 850 

Bailey,    Cephas 1075 

Bailey,  Clark  B 849 

Bailey,  Clark  W 1066 

Bailey,  Harrison    C 1075 

Bailey,  John  W.,  sketch  of 670 

Bailey,  John  W.,  portrait  of 673 

Bailey,  Julius  M 672 

Bailey,   Leon   0 672 

Bailey,   Llewellyn   L 671 

Bailey,  Hon.  Morton  S 671 

Bailey,    Ransom   W 672 

Bailey,   Robert   B 1066 

Bailey,    Roswell 361,  1065  \ 

Bailey,  Thomas  H.,  sketch  of 1066 

Bailey,  Thomas  H.,  portrait  of 625 

Bair,  Thomas  A.,  M.  D 201,  958 

Baker,   Aaron  E 863 

Baker,   Albert 907 

Baker,    Allen 891 

Baker,   Charles  L 979 

Baker,   Chauncey 979 

Baker,  Hollister 907 

Baker,   Ira 891 

Baker,   Nathan 891 

Baker,  Robert  Casbeer 863 

Baker,  Hon.  Samuel 56,  207,  524 

Baker,  Sylvanus  S 863 

Balance,  The 587 

Baldwin,   Alfred   M 750 

Baldwin,  Daniel  W 185 

Baldwin,  Eleazer 532,  1031 

Baldwin,   Ethan 84 

Baldwin,  Henry i 211 

Baldwin,   H.  L 178 

Baldwin,   Moses   S 1031 

Baldwin,  Mose    S 1032 

Baldwin,   Vine 749 

Baldwin,   Vine  H 750 

Balsam  Postoffice 359 

Banking  House  of  Morgan  Seely 399 

Banking  House  of  Ross  &  Williams 586 

Banner,  The  Northern 512 

Banner,  The  Tioga 325 

Banner,  The  Tioga  County 324 

Bannon,    Patrick 1123 

Baptist  Chtjkches. — Wellsboro,  307,  310; 

Delmar,     355-56;       Charleston,     364-65; 

Middlebury,  373-74;     Deerfield,  418-19; 

Knoxville,    428;      Westfleld    township, 

435;     Westfield  borough,  447;     Brook- 


Page, 
field,  453-54;  Chatham,  461;  Clymer, 
467;  Shippen,  473;  Gaines,  480;  Mor- 
ris, 490;  Antrim,  497;  Tioga  borough, 
513;  Lawrenceville,  538;  Jackson, 
546-47;  Rutland,  554-55;  Sullivan, 
561-62;  Mansfield,  588;  Covington,  603; 
Blossburg,  620;  Morris  Run,  628-29; 
Union,  652. 

Bar  Association,  of  Tioga  County 186 

Bar  of  Tioga  County 151 

Bar,  present  members  of 185 

Barden,  John  M.,  M.  D 199,  1063 

Barden,  O.  P.,  M.  D 200 

Barden,  William  M.,  M.  D. 198,  1063 

Barnes,   Augustus  F 707 

Barney,  William 536 

Barnhart,  John  H 962 

Bartle,    Augustus 745 

Bartle,  Eli 985 

Bartle,    Jacob    C 746 

Bartle,  Ransford  D 753 

Bastian,  John  C,  M.  D 198 

Baxter,    Alva 824 

Baxter,  Calvin  S.,  M.  D 202,  833 

Baxter,  George  Henry 832 

Baxter,    William 824 

Beach,    Clark  W 169 

Beach,  Ezra  G 953 

Beach,  Isaac 953 

Beach,   Jefferson   B 953 

Bean,   Ebenezer  A 896 

Bear  Run-Coal  Mines 610 

Beard,  Dr 192 

Beauge,    Eugene 712 

Beauge,    Francis 712 

Beauge,  Frank  L 713 

Beck,    George 1149 

Beebe,  Anson 1025 

Beebe,  Charles 1025 

Beebe,    Hiram 1025 

Beecher,  Hopestill 406 

Beecher,    John 272,   406 

Beecher,  Mrs.  John 270 

Beecher,  Thomas 406 

Beers,  James  Lewis,  M.  D 202,  819 

Beiver,  Charles  L 829 

Beiver,  Lewis 828 

Bellews,  Ira  W.,  M.  D 436 

Bench  and  Bar 145 

Benedict,  Elisha  B.,  M.  D 195 

Benjamin,  Elmer  E 763 

Benjamin,   Miner 763 

Bennett,  John  Calvin 1116 

Bennett,  Albert  M 1116 

Bentley,  E.  N 1072 

Bentley,  Dr.  J.  Irving 203 

Bentley,   W.   W 1072 

Bergh,   John   A 1018 

Bergh,  Joseph    1018 

Bernauer,    Joshua 961 

Berry,    Thomas 506 

Beuter,  Albert 1133 

Biddle,  Israel 1129 

Big  Marsh 351 

Big  Meadows 470 

Billings,  Charles  Freeborn,  sketch  of...   876 
Billings,  Charles  Freeborn,  portrait  of. .  417 


INDEX. 


1163 


Page. 
Billings,  Silas,  enterprises  6'f  .114,423,478,  484 

Billings,   Silas,   sketch  of 875 

Billings,  Silas  X,  sketch  ol 876 

Billings,  Silas  X.,  portrait  of 309 

Billings  Park 421 

Birmingham,   Thomas  J 1158 

Birrolo,  Dr.  Francis  A 617 

Bixby,  Amos 1059 

Black,   Isaac   F 1158 

Blackwell,   Enoch,    Sr 487,1154 

Blackwell,  Enoch 1155 

Blackwell,    William 1155 

Blackwell,  Dr.  William  199 

Blaekwells,  village  of   492 

Blair,    Matthew   A 1134 

Blair,    Matthew    C 1127 

Blair,  Orrin 714 

Blanchard,    Charles,    Sr 826 

Blanchard,    Charles 826 

Blanchard,  Oliver  H 827 

Bliss,  John  J 778 

Bliss,    John    S 778 

Bliss,    Mrs 268 

Block   House 96,  640 

Bloss,  Aaron 593,  612,  1107 

Bloss,   Everett  Winter 1107 

Bloss,    Eandolph    F 1108 

Bloss    Coal   Vein 120,  122 

Blossburg   Advertiser 1126 

Blossbubg  Bobough.— Opening  of  the 
Williamson  Road,  611;  Peter's  Camp, 
611;  Physical  Features,  611;  Streams, 
611;  Altitude,  611;  Population,  612; 
Pioneer  Settlers,  612;  Early  Indus- 
tries and  Enterprises,  613;  Discovery 
of  Coal,  613;  Judge  John  H.  Knapp's 
Enterprises,  613;  The  Arbon  Coal  Com- 
pany, 614;  Postmasters,  614;  Early 
Stores  and  Hotels,  614;  Coming  and 
Blossburg  Eailroad,  614;  John  G. 
Boyd's  Speculations,  615;  Sir  Charles 
Lyell's  Visit,  615;  Manufacture  of 
Glass,  615;  Morris  Run  Eailroad,  615; 
Fall  Brook  Railroad,  616;  Leather 
Tannery,  616;  Borough  Organization 
and  Officials,  616;  Fire  Department, 
616;  The  Fire  of  1873,  617;  Physicians 
and  Lawyers,  617;  Schools,  618;  Mt. 
Zion  Welsh  Congregational  Church, 
618;  Christ  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  618;  St.  Luke's  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  619;  St.  Andrew's 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  619;  St. 
Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Church  (Po- 
lish), 619;  The  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Blossburg,  620;  The  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Bloss- 
burg, 620;  The  First  Baptist  Church 
ol  Blossburg,  620;  The  Second  Con- 
gregational Church  of  Blossburg,  621; 
Cemet-eries,  631;  Societies,  621;  The 
Blossburg  Petroleum  Company,  623; 
The  Blossburg  Water  Company,  623; 
The  Blossburg  Beef  Company,  623; 
The  Blossburg  Building,  Real  Estate 
and  Improvement  Company,  623;  The 
Miners  National  Bank,  623;    The  Cot- 


Page. 

tage  State  Hospital,  624;  The  Bloss- 
burg Advertiser,  1126. 
Bloss  Township. — Organization,  604; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  604;  Altitude, 
604;  Streams,  604;  Forest  Growth, 
604;  Mineral  Deposits,  605;  Farming 
Lands,  605;  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
605;  Reductions  of  Area,  605;  The 
Blossburg  Coal  Company,  605;  Arnot, 
607;  Landrus,  610;  The  Bear  Run 
Coal  Mines,  610. 
Blossburg  Coal,  character  and  uses  of..  127 

Blossburg   Coal   Company 105,  605 

Blossburg  and  Gaines  Coal  Basins 119 

Blossburg   Mountain  Basin 20 

Bodine,    Abram    L 674 

Bodine,   Ellis   M 673 

Bodine,   Fred   M 674 

Bodine,  Isaac  M 673 

Bodine,    William   T 674 

Bonney,  Dr.  Hibbard 193 

Bonney,  Dr.  Jonathan 191 

Boom,  Ben 948 

Boom,  Matthew 214,  948 

Booth,    Henry 285 

Borden,  H.  H.,  M.  D 197 

Borden,  Robert  J 698 

Bosard,    Andrew 858 

Bosard,  Andrew  Keller 858 

Bosard,  James  Huntington 174 

Bosard,  Jerome  L 833 

Bosworth,  Charles  H.,  M.  D 202,  862 

Bos  worth,  Henry  C,  M.  D 198,  862 

Bottom,    Charles 831 

Bottom,  Jerome 831 

Bottom,    Walter 831 

Bottum,  Arthur  L.,  M.  D 200,  918 

Boundary  Line  Dispute 48 

Boundary  Line   of  Purchase  of  1768 34 

Bowen,  Benjamin  S 870 

Bowen,  Elihu 893 

Bowen,  Emmer,   Sr 869 

Bowen,  Emmer 870 

Bowen,   Enoch  E 870 

Bowen,  George  C 871 

Bowen,   George  W 823 

Bowen,  Isaac  R 779 

Bowen,  John  R 684 

Bowen,  Martin 893 

Bowman,  Charles  O 164 

Bowman,    Godfrey 213 

Boyden,  Addison 734 

Boyden,  Addison  C 735 

Boyden,   Alfred 734 

Boyden,    Charles    P 735 

Boyden,  Joseph 734 

Boyden,    Melvin 734 

Boyer,   Dr.  H 200 

Bradford,   Joseph   E 1097 

Bradford,  Leonard  J.,  M.  D 1097 

Bradley,   Elbridge  J 984 

Bradley,    Peter   W 984 

Brant,   Legrand   G 1036 

Brant,  Nelvin  H 1036 

Breck,  Eev.  Charles 397 

Brewster,  Alexander  S. .-. 156 

Brewster,  Jonah 666 


1164 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Briggs,  Ira 799 

Briggs,  Oliver 799 

Brill,    Louis 717 

Brimegin,    Andrew 960 

Brookfield  Township.  • —  Organization, 
449;  Origin  of  Name,  449;  Area  and 
Boundaries,  449;  Physical  Conforma- 
tion, 449;  Elevations,  449;  Streams, 
449;  Population,  450;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  450;  Early  Settlers,  450;  Mills 
and  Factories,  452;  Schools,  453;  The 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Brookfield,  452;  The  Second  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  of  Brookfield, 
453;  The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of 
Brookfield,  453;  The  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Brookfield,  454;  Brookfield 
Hollow  Union  Cemetery  Association, 
454;  The  Plank  Cemetery,  454;  Wood- 
lawn  Cemetery  Association,  454; 
Brookfield,  454;  Austinburg,  455;  Syl- 
vester, 456. 

Brookfield,  village  of 454 

Brooks,  Almon 742 

Brooks,  Frank  W 742 

Broughton,  Emmet  W 975 

Broughton,  Henry 930 

Broughton,   Horace 975 

Broughton,  Nathan 930 

Broughton,  William 931 

Brown,    James   B 807 

Brown,  Dr.  Jeremiah 192 

Brown,  John 864 

Brown,  John  H 209 

Brown,  Dr.  Leon  C 203 

Brown,  Merrit  B 1040 

Brown,   Miletus 1040 

Brown,  Poleman  E 807 

Brown,  Eichard 806 

Brown,  Wilbur 1011 

Brownlee    PostofBce 497 

Brugler,   Charles  E 888 

Brunswick    Tannery 492 

Bryant,  Hiram 786 

Bryant,    Isaac 810 

Bryant,   James 786 

Bryant,  James  E 787 

Bryant,    Niles   Emmer 787 

Buck,  S.  Austin 934 

Buck,    Randolph   H 935 

Buckley,  John  H 742 

Buckley,  Peter 741 

Buckwheat,   cultivation  of 118 

Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Railroad 108 

Bulkley,  Charles 853 

Bulkley,   Edwin  B 915 

Bulkley,    George 915 

Bulkley,  George  Newton 853 

Bulkley,   Ira 853 

Bulkley,  Israel 208,  853 

Bundy,  Dr.  Oliver  Treat 193 

Burdic,   Riley 954 

Burdie,  William  R 955 

Burg-in,  John  Jacob 694 

Burley,    Ebenezer 210 

Bumham,  D.   C 1072 


Page. 

Burnett,    John 759 

Bumside,  Hon.  Thomas 145 

Burrows,  Gen.  John,  narrative  of 63 

Bush,  Alvah  C 995 

Bush,   Cornelius 931 

Bush,   John  B 897 

Bush,  Peter  B 931 

Butler,    Allen 724 

Butler,  Edward  H 981 

Butler,   Horace 981 

Butler,  John  M 724 

Butler,  Wellman 734 

Button,   Elpheus 789 

Button,  Charley  B 790 

Button,    Harvey 789 

Butts,   Byrissa  B 1056 

Butts,   Charles   N 958 

Butts,  Lorin,  sketch  of 1056 

Butts,  Lorin,  portrait  of 569 

C 

Cady,  Leniuel 847 

Cady,   Sala  V 800 

Cady,   Samuel  A *. 799 

Cady,    Simeon 847 

Caldwell,  Dr.  Henry  E 301 

Caldwell,   Dr.   John 300 

Caldwell,   Dr.   William 200 

Calkins,  Rev.  J.  F 300 

Cameron,  David 178 

Campbell,  Adelbert  E 830 

Campbell,  E.  B 113 

Campbell,  Edward  H 730 

Campbell,  Francis  C 84 

Campbell,  James 729 

Campbell,  John  H 839 

Campbell,  Joseph,   Sr 839 

Campbell,  Joseph,  Jr 839 

Campbell,  Joseph  D 830 

Campbell,   Newell   T 730 

Campbell,  Robert  (Morris  township) 211 

Campbell,   Robert    (Delmar) 729 

Campbell.     William 729 

Cannon,  Hyram . . , 192 

Cannon,  Dr.  Stillman 192 

Canoe  Camp,  village  of  573 

Canoe  Camp  Full  Cream  Cheese  Fac- 
tory      574 

Canoe  Place 35 

Carl,    Dimcan 214 

Carpenter.  Charles 872 

Carpenter,  Lorentes 873 

Carpenter,   Lyman 872 

Carpenter,   Willard   S 873 

Carpenter  Postoffice 653 

Casbeer,   Daniel  E 833 

Casbeer,   Robert 832 

Casbeer,  William 213 

Cass,  Prof.  Marion  F 850 

Catholic  Chtjeches. — St.  Peter's,  Wells- 
boro,  309;  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart, 
Hoytville,  491;  St.  John's,  Antrim, 
496;  St.  Mary's,  Tioga  borough,  515; 
Mansfield  Mission,  591;  St.  Andrew's, 
Amot,  009;     St.  Andrew's,  Blossburg, 


INDEX. 


1165 


Page. 
619;  St.  Mary's,  Blossburg',  619;  St. 
Mary's,  Morris  Eun,  629;  St.  Joseph's, 
Morris  Kun,  639;  St.  John's,  Fall 
Brook,  638;  St.  John's,  Union  town- 
ship,  653. 

Central  Union  Church,   Sullivan 564 

Chamberlain,  Floyd 1104 

Chamberlain,  Henry  Elisha 847 

Chamberlain,    Joel 847 

Chamberlain,   Simon  Snyder 812 

Chamberlain,    Ulysses 1104 

Champaign,  William  E 711 

Champlain,  Joseph 941 

Champlaiu,  Eobert 940 

Champlain,  William 940 

Champlin,  George 906 

Champlin,  James,  sketch  of 907 

Champlin,  James,  portrait  of 913 

Chandler,  Norman  T 691 

Channell,  Leon  Sewell 184 

Channell,  S.  Fowler 178 

CnAELESTOJsr  Township.  —  Organization, 
360;  Area  and  Boundaries,  360; 
Streams,  360;  Elevations,  360;  Popu- 
lation, 361;  The  Pioneers,  361;  Mills 
and  Other  Enterprises,  362;  Schools, 
363;  Justices  of  the  Peace,  363;  The 
Charleston  Baptist  Church,  364;  The 
Old  School  Baptist  Church,  364;  The 
Kegular  Baptist  Church  of  Cherry 
Flats,  364;  The  Eegular  Baptist 
Church  of  East  Charleston,  365;  The 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Catlin  Hollow,  365;  The  First  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  of  Charleston, 
365;  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Round  Top,  366;  Mt.  Zion  Wesleyan 
Methodist  Church,  366;  The  Welsh 
Congregation  and  Society  of  Charles- 
ton, 366;  The  First  Christian  Church 
of  Charleston,  366;  Cemeteries,  366 
Societies,  367;  Cherry  Flats,  367 
Cherry  Plats  Cheese  Factory,  367 
Whitneyville,  or  East  Charleston  Post- 
office,  '  368;  The  East  Charleston 
Cheese  Factory,  368;  The  Dartt  Settle- 
ment, 368;  The  Welsh  Settlement, 
368;  Eound  Top,  368;  The  Eound  Top 
Cheese  Factory,  369;    Hill's  Creek,  369. 

Chase,  Stephen  P 945 

Chatham  Township. — Organization,  457; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  457;  Streams, 
457;  Physical  Peculiarities,  457;  Early 
Settlers,  458;  Pioneer  Industries,  459; 
Schools,  460;  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
460;  The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of 
Chatham  Valley,  461;  The  First  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  of  Chatham, 
461;  The  Second  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  461;  The  First  Chatham  Ceme- 
tery Association,  461;  The  Lee  Ceme- 
tery Association,  461;  The  Robert 
Hill  Cemetery  Association,  462;  The 
Boardman  Cemetery,  462;  Societies, 
462;  Little  Marsh,  462;  Chatham  Val- 
ley Postoffice,  or  Shortsville,  463; 
East  Chatham,  463. 


Page. 

Chatham  Valley  Postoffice 463 

Cheney,   Alpheus 663 

Cherry  Flats,  village  of  367 

Cherry  Plats  Cheese  Factory 367 

Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania       137 

Christian  Churches. — Charleston,  366; 
Knoxville,  438;  Lawrence,  540; 
Mainesburg,  564;  Canoe  Camp,  572; 
Covington,  603;    Union,  653. 

Church,   Leon  A 1031 

Clark,   C.   Elsworth 874 

Clark,   Cecil  A 874 

Clark,  Edwin  E.,  M.  D 203,  866 

Clark,   Eleazer 873 

Clark,    Elias   H 873 

Clark,  Elijah  Pincheon 1051 

Clark,  Frank  W 169 

Clark,  George  A 1053 

Clark,  Justus  B 1052 

Clark,  Justus  B.,  Jr 1058 

Clark,  Lewis    J 866 

Clark,    Seth 210 

Clarke,  Arvine 807 

Clarke,  David  Arvine 808 

Clarke,  John  E 808 

Clemens,  Frank 774 

Clemens,   Martin 774 

Clemens,   Martin  V 774 

demons,  Alanson 1108 

Clemons,  David 131,  1108 

Clemons,    Holland 1108 

Clemons  Coal  Mine 121 

Cleveland,  Dr.  J.  E 199 

Clpos,   David 908 

Cloos,  Luther  Newberry,  M.  D 203,  809 

Cloos,    Newberry 809 

Cloos,  Newberry,   Sr 908 

Close,   Ambrose 908 

Close,   Charles 777 

Close,  E.   G 777 

Close,  Reuben  H 825 

Clymer  Postoffice 469 

Cltmbr  Township. — Original  Name,  463; 
Why  Named  Clymer,  463;  Elevation, 
464;  Drainage,  464;  Form  and  Area, 
464;  Early  Settlers,  464;  Early  In- 
dustries, 466;  Schools,  466;  Justices, 
466;  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Clymer,  466;  Clymer  Baptist  Church, 
467;  The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of 
Sabinsville,  467;  The  Sabinsville  Ceme- 
tery, 467;  The  Ackley  Cemetery,  467; 
The  Labar  Burying  Ground,  467;  The 
West  Beech  Woods  Cemetery,  467 ;  The 
Bristol  Burying  Ground,  467;  The  Bar- 
ber Cemetery,  467;  The  Larrison  and 
Swimelar  Cemeteries,  467;  Societies, 
467;  Mixtown,  467;  Sabinsville,  468; 
Davis  Station,  or  Lansing  Postoffice, 
468;    Azelta,  468;    Clymer,  469. 

Clymer,   William  B 463 

Clymer,  Mrs.  William  B.,  patriotism  of. .  217 

Coal,  discovery  of  at  Blossburg 121 

Coal  Measures  and  Veins 120 

Coal  Mines  and  Mining 119 

Coal  Mining,  past  and  present 131 


1166 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Coal  Milling  Statistics 130 

Coal,  production  of 125 

"Coal    Regions    of    America,"     extracts 

from     126 

Coal  Run  Mine 124 

Coal  Seams  Described 126 

Coates,  Edwin  W 835 

Coates,   Lintsford 835 

Coates,  Lintsford  M 835 

Coates,  Timothy 835 

Cobb,  M.  H.,  printer  and  poet 253,  321 

Coke,   manufacture   of 128 

Coke  Ovens 128 

Cole,  Dr.  Alston  J 200 

Cole,   George  L 791 

Cole,    Heber 790 

Cole,    John   J 215 

Cole,  Dr.  Orson  C 200 

Cole,  Royal Sll,  215,  267 

Cole,   Sala 790 

Colegrove,   George   Thomas 815 

Colegrove,  Thomas 815 

Coleman,  Dr.   Samuel 190 

Coles,  Lyman 718 

Coles,   Sheridan   E 1078 

Coles,  William  Riley 718 

Colvin,   Benjamin   P 864 

Colvin,   Gaylord   G 864 

Colvin,   W.   Rensselaer 867 

Commissioners'  Clerks 143 

Commissioners,  first  session  of 76 

Commissioners'     Contract     with     David 

Henry    133 

Commissioners'       and       Prothonotary's 

Building   134 

Common  School  System  Adopted 291 

Compton,  Jesse 819 

Compton,  William  T 819 

Cone,  A.  P 159 

Conevery,    Prank    708 

Congregational  Chubches.  —  Elkland, 
392;  Nelson,  410;  Arnot,  609;  Bloss- 
burg,  618,  621. 

Conley,  Jacob  B 814 

Conley,   Jefferson   B 815 

Conners,   J.   D 1132 

Constitutional      Conventions,     members 

of     138 

Converse,   Chester  R 687 

Converse,  M.  M 687 

Conyngham,  John  Nesbit 146 

Cook,  "Granny" 191 

Cook,    John 1124 

Cook,  Reuben,  Sr 207,  405 

Cook,  Reuben,  Jr 406 

Coolidge,  Amos 268 

Cooper,  Jason 214 

Cooper,  Joseph 949 

Cooper,  Solomon 949 

Corey,    Benjamin 575 

Cornelius,   Charles   H 185 

Cornelius,  Prank  M 845 

Cornelius,    Joseph 844 

Corning  and  Blossburg  Railroad. ..  .105,  123 

Coroners   143 

County   Auditors 142 

County  Commissioners 141 


County  House  and  Parm 136 

County  Records   Stolen 90 

County  School  Convention,  first 291 

County  Seat  Laid  Out 73 

County  Seat,  lots  advertised 74 

County   Superintendents 144 

County  Surveyors 143 

County  Treasurers 140^ 

Courier,  The  Knoxville 437 

Courts,    early 80 

Court  House  and  Jail 134 

Covington  Borough.  —  Creation,  597 ; 
Description,  597;  Population,  597; 
Early  Settlers,  597;  Manufacturing 
Enterprises,  598;  Early  Hotel  Keepers 
and  Merchants,  599;  Borough  Organi- 
tion  and  Oflicials,  600;  Postmasters 
and  Physicians,  601;  Newspapers,  601; 
Schools,  602;  The  Church  of  Christ  of 
Covington,  603;  The  Pirst  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Covington,  602; 
The  Pirst  Baptist  Church  of  Coving- 
ton, 603;  The  Pirst  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Covington,  603;  Secret  So- 
cieties, 604 

Covington  Glass  Works 116,  595 

Covington  Township.  —  Organization, 
593;  Area  and  Boundaries,  593; 
Streams,  593;  Physical  Peatures,  593; 
Population,  593;  Early  Settlers,  593; 
Early  and  Later  Enterprises,  594;  The 
Covington  Glass  Works,  595;  Schools, 
595;  Postmasters  and  Justices,  596; 
The  Pirst  Methodist  EpiscopJtl  Church 
of  Cherry  Flats,.  596;  The  Second  Ad- 
ventist  Church,  596;  The  Covington 
Cemetery,  596;  The  Gray  Cemetery, 
596;  The  Lewis  Farm  Cemetery,  596; 
Societies,  596. 
Cowanesque  Branch  of  Pall  Brook  Rail- 
road      106 

Cowanesque,   meaning  of  name 27,  395 

Cowanesque  River 27 

Cowanesque  River  Declared  Navigable..   104 

Cowanesque   Valley 24 

Cowanesque  Valley  Bank 399' 

Cowbum,   Henry   S 966 

Cox,  Gen.  Robert  Corson,  sketches  of  .317,  679' 
Cox,  Gen.  Robert  Corson,  portrait  of . . .  341 
Cox,  Gen.  Robert  Corson,  "Memories  of 

the  War" 217 

Crags  and  Pines —  poem 356 

Crajidall,  Asa 848' 

Crandall,   Charles  M 848 

Crandall,  Francis  Marion 860^ 

Crandall,  Fred.  W 849 

Crandall,  G.  D.,  M.  D 200' 

Crandall,  Russell 859 

Crandall,   Silas   G 860 

Crandall,   Stennett 859 

Crandall,  Truman 860' 

Crandall,  Vine 860' 

Crippen,    John 214 

Crooked  Creek 25 

Crooked  Creek  Basin 22 

Crooked  Creek  Canon 25 

Crooked  Creek,  course  of 23 


INDEX. 


1167 


Page. 

Crooked  Creek  Declared  Navigable 104 

Crooked   Creek  Postoffice 376 

Crowther,  Rev.  John  C 1105 

Cudworth,  James,  Sr 2]  2,  1086 

Cud  worth,  James,  sketch  of 1086 

Cudvyorth,   James,   portrait  of 553 

Cudworth,  James  C 1086 

Cudvyorth,  Paul 1086 

Cummings,   Dwight 813 

Cummings,  Charles  Gurdon 813 

Cummings,  John  L 1065 

Cummings,  Lawton 1065 

Curran,  George  W 899 

Curran,  Henry 899 

D 

Daggett,    Levids 1004 

Daggett,   Reuben 1003 

Daggett,  Seth 1003 

Daggett,  Seth  0 1004 

TJaggetts,  village  of 549 

Dairy  and  Meadow  Farms 117 

Damon,  Pardon 157 

Daniels,  Henry  F.,  Sr. . .  v 891 

Daniels,  Henry  F.,  Jr 892 

Daniels,  Richard 526 

Darbv,    Delbert   H 1160 

Darby,  G.  W 1159 

Darling,    Horace    M 1026 

Darling,  Jerry  C 982 

Darling,  Joseph  A 974 

Darling,  Dr.  Levris,  Sr 193,  1026 

Darling,  Dr.  Levris 199,  1027 

Darling,  Parsons  L 1026 

Darling,  Thomas  V 1028 

Dartt,  Albert  P '. . .  700 

Dartt,    Arthur    H 700 

Dartt,  Cyrus 699 

Dartt,  Edgar  S 700 

Dartt,   Harris 975 

Dartt,  Hiram  W 700 

Dartt,  James  Gillis 767 

Dartt,  John  B '...  976 

Dartt,  Col  Justus 211,  699 

Dartt  Settlement 368 

Davidson,  Dr.  James 190 

Davies,   Thomas  D 776 

Davies,  Thomas  J 776 

Davis,   Charles   M 957 

Davis,  Frank  M 923 

Davis,  George 1138 

Davis,  Hugh  Llewellyn,  M.  D.,  sketches 

of    201,   704 

Davis,  Hugh  Llewellyn,  M.  D..  portrait 

of     705 

Davis,   Jared 214,   957 

Davis,  John 958 

Davis,  John  J.,  sketch  of 1009 

Davis,  John  J.,  portrait  of 129 

Davis,  James  T 1010 

Davis,  ReuTDcn  F 957 

Davis  Station 468 

Davis,  Wilson 923 

Day,  Dr.  William  W 198 

Deane,  Darlus  L 177 

Deane,  Erastus  P 674 


Page. 

Deans,  Frank  A.,  sketch  of 711 

Deans,  Frank  A.,  portrait  of 337 

Deans,  Horace  A 710 

Dearman,  Albert 881 

Dearman,  Justus '. 881 

Decker,   Charles  F 939 

Decker,  Joseph  M 939 

Deeboteld  Township. — Origin  of  Name, 
412;  Original  Area,  412;  Present  Area 
and  Boundaries,  412;  Streams,  412; 
Physical  Features,  412;  Altitude,  412; 
Population,  412;  Early  Settlers,  413; 
James  Strawbridge's  Experience,  413; 
James  Knox,  the  First  White  Male 
Child,  414;  Business  and  Manufactur- 
ing Enterprises,  415;  The  Moses  Lee 
Cheese  Factory,  416;  The  E.  A.  Bean 
Cheese  Factory,  416;  J.  S.  Ingham  & 
Sons'  Woolen  Mill,  416;  Pioneer 
Schools,  417;  Union  Academy,  417; 
Early  Physicians  and  Justices,  418; 
The  Free  Will  Baptist  Church  of  Deer- 
field,  418;  The  First  Baptist  Church  of 
Deerfield,  419;  East  Deerfield  Free 
Baptist  Church,  419;  Highland  Ceme- 
tery Association,  420;  Academy  Cor- 
ners, 420;     Societies,   420. 

Delmar  Postoffice 359 

Delmab  Township. — Taxables  of  1812, 
68;  Township  Formed,  75;  Bound- 
aries Defined,  75,  350;  Original  Area, 
75;  Origin  of  Name,  350;  Constituted 
a  Separate  Election  District,  350;  Pres- 
ent Area  and  Boundaries,  350;  Phys- 
ical Features,  350;  Streams,  351;  The 
Big  Marsh,  351;  Elevations,  351;  Pio- 
neer Settlers,  352;  Manufacturing  En- 
terprises, 353;  Schools,  355;  The  First 
Baptist  Church  of  Delmar,  355;  Marsh 
Creek  Baptist  Church,  355;  The  Del- 
mar Free  Baptist  Church,  356;  The 
Delmar  and  Shippen  Free  Baptist 
Church,  356;  The  Coolidge  Hollow 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  356;  The 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Middle  Ridge,  356;  The  Dexter  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  357;  Cemete- 
ries, 357;  Stony  Fork,  Village  of,  357; 
The  Stony  Fork  Creamery  Association, 
358;  Secret  Societies,  358;  Stokesdale, 
358;  The  Wellsboro  Leather  Company, 
358;  Stokesdale  Junction,  359;  Village 
of  Tiadaghton,  359;  Kennedy,  359; 
Olmsville,  359;  Knapp,  359;  Delmar; 
359;  Draper,  359;  Balsam,  359. 

Democrat,   The    Tioga 512 

Democrat,  The  Wellsboro  Weeklj"- 323 

Dengle,  John  R 924 

Deputy  Attorney  General 139 

Derby,   George  H 696 

Derby,   George  0 696 

Derbyshire,     Charles 740 

Derbyshire,   William 741 

Derbyshire,  William    Trowbridge 740 

DeWitt,  Caleb  H 1099 

DeWitt,  Calvin  H noo 

Dickinson,  George  W 802 


1168 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Dickinson,    Nathaniel 801 

Dickinson,  Peter 114 

Dickinson,     Samuel 114 

Dimmick,  Charles  E 967 

Dinnison,    Andrew 1157 

Dinnison,  James   1157 

Dip  of  the  Rocks 31 

District  Attorneys 139 

District    Line 640 

Doan,  Andrew  Jackson 826 

Doan,  Jacob  B 836 

Docket   Entries 85 

Dodge,  James  E 935 

Donaldson,  John  P 186 

Dorrance,  Hon.  Benjamin 840 

Dorranee,  George 839 

Dorrance,   George  Gershom 841 

Dort,  Elihu  J. 976 

Dort,  Porter  J 977 

Doud,    Peleg 1086 

Doud,  Rev.  Peleg  W 1087 

Drake,  Dr.  Emery  G 201 

Draketown     607 

Draper   Postofflce 359 

Driscoll,    Michael 1137 

DriscoU,    Thomas 1137 

Dufe,     John 1150 

Dulso.  Joseph   C 846 

Duncan  Township. — Origin  of  Name, 
493;  Organization,  493;  Area  and  Boun- 
daries, 493;  Physical  Features,  493;  Ele- 
vations, 493;  Population,  494;  Justices, 
494;  TheFallBrook  Coal  Company,  494; 
The  Lawrenceville  and  Wellsboro  Rail- 
road, 494;  The  Village  of  Antrim,  495; 
Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
496;  St.  John's  Catholic  Church,  496; 
The  Baptist  Church  of  Antrim,  497; 
The  Swedish  Baptist  Church  of  An- 
trim, 497;  The  Swedish  Evangelical 
Ijutheran  Lebanon  Church,  497;  The 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Antrim,  497; 
Brownlee  Postoffice,  497. 

Duhkle,  Frank  S 719 

Dunsmore,   Andrew  B 182 

Dwyer,  John  F 1130 

Dwyer,   Patrick 1130 

E 

Eagle,  The  Tioga 323 

Early  Attempts  at  Development  of  Coal 

Deposits    122 

Early  Financial   Statements 77 

Early  Mail  Carriers 370 

Early  Military  History 206 

Early  Navigation  Schemes 103 

East  Charleston  Postoffice 368 

East   Chatham   Postoffice 463 

East  Point  PostofBce 649 

East  and  West  State  Road 85,  102 

Eaton,   Professor 123 

Ebenton  Postoffice 474 

Eberenz,     Alexander 985 

Eberenz,    Charles 723 

Eberenz,  William,  sketch  of 721 

Eberenz,  William,  portrait  of 353 


Page. 

Eberenz,  William  B 722 

Eberle,  Frank,   sketch  of 914 

Eberle,  Frank,  portrait  of 465 

Edgcomb,  John  C 925 

Edward's,  Prof.  Artemus 865 

Eick,   Henry '. 920 

Eightieth  Regiment — Seventh  Cavalry..  229 

Elbridge    Postoffice 383 

Eldridge,    John 955 

Eldridge,  John  Edward 865 

Eldridge,    Horace 865 

Eldridge,   Thomas 214,  955 

Elevations  Above  Tide  Water 25 

Elk  Township.  —  Organization,  483  ; 
Boundaries  ajid  Area,  483;  Physical 
Features,  483;  Streams,  483;  Popula- 
tion, 483;  Early  Settlers,  483;  Indus- 
trial Enterprises,  484;  The  Cedar  Run 
Tannery,  484  ;  Schools,  485  ;  The 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Lee- 
tonia,  485;  North  Elk  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  485;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  485;  Leetonia,  485;  Malone, 
485. 
Elkland  Boroitgh. — Township  of  Elk- 
land,  384;  Reductions  of  Area,  384; 
Final  Extinction,  384;  Erection  of  Bor- 
ough of  Elkland,  384;  Erection  of 
Townships  of  Nelson  and  Osceola,  384; 
Pioneer  Settlers,  384;  Village  Growth, 
385;  Later  Enterprises,  386;  The  Elk- 
land  Tannery,  386;  Decker  &  Metcalf's 
Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factory,  387; 
The  Pattison  National  Bank,  387',  The 
Cowanesque  Valley  Oil  Company,  387; 
The  Tioga  Telephone  Company,  387; 
The  Elkland  Furniture  Association 
(Limited),  387;  The  Favorite  Folding 
Chair  Company,  387;  The  Elkland 
Manufacturing  Company,  388;  The 
Elkland  Carriage  Works,  388;  The 
Elkland  Planing  Mill,  388;  The  Elk- 
land Foundry,  388;  The  Elkland 
Basket  Works,  388;  The  Elkland  Pure 
Oil  and  Gas  Company,  388;  The  Elk- 
land Bicycle  Club,  388;  Schools,  388; 
Hotels,  390;  Borough  Organization 
and  Officials,  390;  Postmasters,  391; 
Physicians  and  Lawyers,  391;  News- 
papers, 392;  First  Congregrational 
Church  of  Elkland,  392;  The  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Elkland  and  Osceola, 
392;  The  Tabernacle,  392;  The  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Elk- 
land, 393;  The  Presbyterian  Grave- 
yard, 394;  The  Highland  Cemetery 
Association  of  Elkland,  394;  Socie- 
ties, 394. 

Elk   Run   Postoffice 566 

Elliott,  Charles  Volney,  M.  D 197,  1062 

Elliott,  P.  G.,  M.  D 202 

Elliott,  George  H 1062 

Elliott,     John 528 

Elliott,  Larman  H 1062 

Elliott,    Levi 1069 

Elliott,  Hon.  Mortimer  F.,  sketch  of 168 

Elliott,  Hon.  Mortimer  P.,  portrait  of...  169 


INDEX. 


1169 


Page. 

Elliott,  Col.  Nathaniel  A 1069 

Elliott,    Oliver 1061 

Elliott,  Thomas    D 1062 

Elliott,  Victor  A 185 

Ellis,     Amasa 936 

Ellis,   Delos   E 936 

Ellis,  Deacon  Eichard 211,  935 

Ellis,  Richard,  Jr 936 

Elmira  and  State  Line  Eailroad 107 

Emberger,  Ferdinand 778 

Eniberger,    Joseph 778 

Emery,    Josiah 155,  282 

Emery's,  Josiah,  English  Grammar 249 

Emery's  Josiah,  reminiscences 262,  283 

English,  Eugene  S 974 

English,    John 973 

Era  of  Plank  Eoads 103 

Era  of  Eapid  Development 112 

Erie  Eailway  Company 105 

Erosion  of   Surface 28 

Ervyay,  Philip,  sketch  of 887 

Erway,  Philip,  portrait  of 881 

EVAWGELICAl  AND  LtTTHEBAN   ChUBCHES. 

— Knoxville,  428;    Antrim,  497;    Amot, 
609;    Morris  Eun,  629;    Liberty,  644-46. 

Evans,  Allison  H 1035 

Evans,  Alton  C 1035 

Evans,  David  E 1127 

Evans,  William    H 1034 

Everitt,     Noah 884 

Execution,  Only  criminal 136 

Express,  The  Mansfield 587 

Express,  The  Tioga  County 512 

Express,    Tioga 512 

F 

Pair  Play  System 38 

Eairman,  Charles  G 326 

Talkner,  Joseph,  Sr 874 

Palkner,    Joseph,   Jr 874 

Eall  Brook:  Bobough. — Location,  633; 
Altitude,  633;  Population,  633;  The 
Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  633;  The 
Fall  Brook  Eailroad,  634;  Telegraph 
Line,  636;  Borough  Organization  and 
Oificials,  636;  Schools,  637;  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  637 ;  St.  Thomas'  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church,  637;  St.  John's 
Catholic  Church,  638;     Societies,   638. 

Eall  Brook  Coal  Company 633 

Fall  Brook  Eailroad 105 

Fall  Brook  Eailroad  System 107 

Farmers'    Alliance 119 

F'armers'  and  Traders'  Bank 443 

Fairmington  Hill  Postoffice 383 

Faeminoton  Township. —  Organization, 
379;  Area  and  Bovtndaries,  379;  Phys- 
ical Features,  379;  Population,  379; 
Early  Settlers,  379;  Manufacturing 
Enterprises,  380;  The  West  Farming- 
ton  Cheese  Factory,  380;  Schools  and 
Justices,  381;  The  Presbyterian  Con- 
gregation of  Farmington,  381;  The 
Farmington  Hill  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  381;  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
•Church  of  West  Farmington,  382;    The 


Page. 
Farmington  Cemetery  Association, 
382;  The  Union  Cemetery  Company 
of  Farmington,  382;  The  Cemetery  As- 
sociation of  North  Farmington,  382; 
The  Moury  Cemetery,  383;  The  Gee 
Burying  Ground,  383;  The  Jacob  Pruts- 
man  Burying  Ground,  383;  West  Farm- 
ington Postoffice,  383;  Farmington 
Hill  Postoffice,  383;  Blbridge  Post- 
office,  383;  Odle  Corners  Postoffice, 
383. 

Farr,  C.  B 1008 

Farr,  Eli  S 1008 

Farr,  John  B.,  Sr 212,  817 

Farr,  John  B 817 

Farr,  Lafayette 817 

Faulkner,  Elihu  H 960 

Faulkner,  Lemuel  M 960 

Faulkner,    Levi 875 

Faulkner,  Dr.  Peter ". 192 

Fellovirs,    Asahel 725 

Fellows,   Charles  L 185 

Fellows,    Erastus 273 

Fellows,  Mrs.  Erastus 269 

Fellows,  George  Leroy 726 

Fellows,    John 725 

Fenton,  Lewis  W 842 

Ferris,   George 950 

Ferris,   Joseph  H 950 

Ferry,  Chauncey 791 

Ferry,    Ebenezer 212,  791 

Ferry,  Leon  B 184 

Ferry,  Eobert  Bruce 791 

Pick,     John 1146 

Fick,  Perley  H 1146 

Field,    Daniel 722 

Field,  Darwin  S 724 

Field,  Ferdinand  E 723 

Field,  Isaac  F 722 

Field,  Moses  D 723 

Field,  Eansford    W 723 

Field,   Zenas 722 

Fifty-seventh    Eegiment 227 

Fifty-ninth  Eegiment — Second  Cavalry.  228 

Financial  Statements,   early 77 

First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro 335 

First  National  Bank  of  Wellsboro,  rob- 
bery of 336 

Fish,  Capt.  Eeuben 957 

Fisher,    Daniel 748 

Fisher,  Edward  D 748 

Fisher,  Samuel  W.,  mills  of 110,  260 

Fischler,  John  (Delmar  township) 755 

Pischler,  John   (Gaines  township) 969 

Fitch,  John  E 886 

Fitch,   John   W 885 

Fitch,  Dr.  John  S 199 

Fleming,  Lester  M 701 

Fleming,  Eobert  H 701 

Flower,    Francis '. 1082 

Foote,  Henry  M 176 

Foote,  Dr.  Ira  B 198 

Ford,   Cassius  M 749 

Ford,  Darius  B 749 

Ford,  Hon.  James,  sketches  of 533,  1019 

Ford,  Hon.  James,  portrait  of 521 

Forty-second    Eegiment — Bucktails 220 


1170 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Forty-fifth   Kegiment 223 

Port  Sumter,  news  of  firing  on 216 

roster,   Eev.   Thomas 399 

Foundries     115 

Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry 347 

Fowler,  George  H 881 

Fralic,    Michael 1081 

Fralic,  M.  H 1081 

Francis,  Dr.  Walter  B 301 

Frazer,  Dr.  Allen,  Jr 193 

Freeborn,    Col.    Hiram 877 

Free  Press,  The  Westfield 445 

Freligh,  John  E 973 

French  Explorers  and  Missionaries 33 

French,   Marcus   S 1070 

Friends,    James 1044 

Friends,   S.  E 1044 

Frost,    Elias 1112 

Frost,    Samuel 1112 

Frost,  Samuel  S 1113 

Fulkerson,  Benjamin  J.,  M.  D 201,  951 

Fuller,  Dr.  Ephraim 193 

Furman,    Benjamin 736 

Furman,  Mrs.  Julia   A 300 

Furman,  Martin  W 961 

Furman,     Wilkinson 736 

Furmantown     58 


G 


Gaines  Coal  Basin 119 

Gaines  Coal  and  Coke  Company 478 

Gaines  Township.— Organization,  475; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  475;  Origin  of 
Name,  475;  Physical  Characteristics, 
475;  Streams,  475;  Population,  476; 
Early  Settlers,  476;  Past  and  Present 
Enterprises,  477;  The  Gaines  Coal  and 
Coke  Company,  478;  Early  Schools, 
479;  Physicians,  479;  Justices,  479; 
The  First  Methodist  Church  of  Gaines, 
479;  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Chvirch 
of  Marshfield,  480;  The  First  Free 
Baptist  Church  of  Gaines,  480;  The 
Old  Phoenix  Graveyard,  480;  The 
Brookside  Cemetery  Association,  480; 
The  Elk  Eun  Cemetery  Association, 
480;  Societies,  480;  The  Village  of 
Gaines,  481;  Marshfield,  481;  Watrous, 
483;    Manhattan,  483;    Gurnee,  483. 

Gaines,   village    of 481 

Gardner,    David 693 

Gardner,  Levi  A 693 

Garfield,  Dr.  L.  K ]  I97 

Garner,     Delos 948 

Garner,     Jeremiah 948 

Gamer,  Lucius  E 949 

Garrison,    William IO42 

Garrison,  William  H IO43 

Garretson,    William I53 

Gaskill,  Dr.  Sullivan  A 203 

Gazette,   The    Wellsboro 324 

Gear,   John    T 178 

Gee,   George  Henry 216 

Gee,    Joseph 808 

Gee,    Leander 8O9 


Page. 

Gee.    William 808 

Gentry,  Dr.  Clarence  C 203 

Gentry,  Dr.  John  M 303,  760 

Geological    Features 18 

Geological  Survey,  first 123 

Gerould,  Ephraim  B 1112 

Gerould,   Otis   Gibson 1113 

Gerow,    Denton 779 

Gerow,  DeWitt  C 779 

Gibson,  Hon.  John  Bannister 145 

Gibson,  Dr.  Otis  L 193 

Gilbert,  Frank  L 878 

Gilbert,    George    878 

Gilbert,    Hiram 878 

Gisjn,  John 701 

Glass,  manufacture  of 116 

Glass    Sand 116 

Glass    Works 116 

Gleason,   Abner 853 

Gleason,  Eugene  H 843 

Gleason,  Ezra 854 

Gleason,  Paul 853 

Gleason,  Mancir 854 

Gleason,  Windsor 843 

Gleason    Postoffice 654 

Gleckler,  Ernest  W 184 

Goodreau,    Charles 756 

Goodspeed,  John,  Sr 871 

Goodspeed,  John,  Jr 871 

Goodspeed,  James  C 873 

Goodspeed,  John  F 873 

Goodwin,   Calvin 780 

Goodwin,   Calvin   A 781 

Goodwin,     Charles 781 

Goodwin,   George  H 781 

Goodwin,  Milo 781 

Goodwin,    Eichard 780 

Goodyear    Line 108 

Gordon,  John 533 

Gorrie,  David,  sketch  of 739 

Gorrie,  David,  portrait  of 753 

Graves,   Frederick   W 689 

Graves,   Frederick  L 1012 

Graves,    Harry    T 1048 

Graves,  Thomas 1012 

Gray,    James,    Sr 209,  1084 

Gray,  James 1085 

Gray,  Lafayette 1 085 

Gray,  Wilton  D 1085 

Gray's  Valley  PostoiEce 566 

Great    Slave   Hunt 87 

Green,   Charles   S 1154 

Green,  John 1153 

Greenfield,  Dr.  Arthur  M 203 

Greenleaf,  Israel 211,  267 

Griffin,  Douglas  H 184 

Griffin,  Silas  Alvin  952 

Griflin,  Silas  S 952 

Griffiths,  Willard  C 852 

Gross,   Hiram   A 757 

Gross,  Simon 756 

Gross,   William  D 757 

Gross,  William  S 756 

Guernsey,  Hon.  John  W 156 

Guile,  Joseph 1035 

Guile,   Leonard   J 1036 

Gurnee  Postoffice 483 


INDEX. 


1171 


Page. 


Hadley,   James   C 1138 

Hakes,  S.  P.,  M.  D 202,  1010 

Haley,   Dr.  Edward  M 302 

Hall,  Lyman 838 

Hall,   Rhodes   W 827 

Hamilton,  James  C 982 

Hamilton  Township. — Organization,625 ; 
Physical  Features,  625;  Mineral  De- 
posits, 625;  Streams,  625;  Railroads, 
625;  Population,  635;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  625 ;  Morris  Run  Mines  and  Rail- 
road, 636;  Coal  Mining  Companies,  626; 
The  Tioga  and  Morris  Run  Telegraph 
Company,  627;  The  Village  of  Morris 
Run,  627. 

Hammond,  Arthur  G 805 

Hammond,  Calvin 804 

Hammond,  Frank 805 

Hammond,  Eugene 697 

Hammond,  Noah 696 

Hammond,  William  A 697 

Hammond,  village  of 378 

Hancock,  James  Warren 915 

Hancock,  Lyman 915 

Hardt,  Anton,  sketch  of 684 

Hardt,  Anton,  portrait  of 305 

Hardy,  Levi '. 744 

Harkness,  Dr.  Henry  C 203 

Harman,  Isaac 698 

Harman,  John 698 

Harman,   Joseph  H 698 

Harris  Benjamin  A 1105 

Harrison,  JefEerson 169 

Harrison,  Leonard 677 

Harrison,  William 676 

narrower,  D.  C 182 

Hart,  Adam 207,   530 

Hart,  George 207,  530 

Hartford  Postoffice 649 

Hartman,     Samuel 1149 

Hartsock,  Daniel 1145 

Hartsock,  Richard  H 1145 

Ha,rvey,  Alexander 1148 

Harvey,  John  C 1149 

Haskin,  Dr.  Herbert  P 303 

Hastings,  Lewis  P 754 

Hazard,  E.  W 185 

Hazen,  Alfred  B 1047 

Hazlett,  Dr.  Charles  W 203 

Hazlett,  Frank  R 861 

Hazlett,  John,  Sr 861 

Hazlett,  John 861 

Heath,  Cyrus 745 

Heath,   Prank  P 745 

Heath,  Levi  P 745 

Hebe,  George 316 

Heggie,  Dr.  Adelbert  J 199 

Henry,  John  E 1140 

Herald,  The  Lawrenceville 537 

Herald,  The  Tioga  County 319 

Hermaic  Journal,  The 325 

Herrick,  Hon.  Edward 145 

Harrington,  Charles 758 

Herrington,  Reuben 758 

Hetfield,  Richard 1017 


Hetfield,  Thomas  G 1017 

Heyler,  Charles  F 1153 

Heyler,  Frederick. 1146 

Heyler,  John ' 1146 

Hickey,  Michael a 1014 

Higgins,  Newell  F 185 

Hildreth,  George,  the  old-time  printer. .  319 

Hill,  Asa 926 

Hill,  Erastus  G 934 

Hill,  Kirk  B 934 

Hill's  Creek  Settlement 369 

Hitchcock,  Andrew  B 887 

Hoard,  James 1069 

Hoard,  Joseph  Seth 1070 

Hodder,  James 764 

Holden,  Charles  A 1054 

Holden,  Daniel 1053 

Holden,  John  A 1054 

Holden,  Isaac 1054 

Holden,  William 56,  537 

Holiday,  Andrew 207,  794 

Holiday,  Daniel,  vSr 794 

Holiday,  Daniel. 795 

Holiday,  Haletus  P 795 

Holidaytown 376 

Horacetown 542 

Horrors  of  the  Wilderness 63 

Horse  Thief,  first  conviction  of  a 85 

Horton,  Elisha  S 933 

Horton,  Hector 739 

Horton,  John  C 172 

Horton,  Thomas 739 

Hospital,  The  Cottage  State 634 

Hotchkiss,  Harris 209 

Hotchkiss,  Ira  D 749 

Houghton,  Jeremiah 725 

Houghton,  Simeon 735 

Houghton,  Thomas 735 

House,  Carlos 823 

House,  Willie  C 823 

Howe,  John  C .- 1067 

Howe,  Morris  D 736 

Howe,  William 726 

Howland,   Charles 1115 

Howland,  Charles  R 869 

Howland,  Dr.  Eddy 191,  869 

Howland,  Eddy 869 

Howland,  John  Melvin 905 

Howland,  Willard 881 

Howland,  William 904 

Hoyt,  Prof.  Isaac  Gunn 862 

Hoytville,  village  of 492 

Hubbard,  Winfleld  Scott 942 

Hughes,     Frederick 1013 

Hughes,  George  A 1013 

Hughes,    Jeptha 1013 

Hughes,  Dr.  Richard  B 193 

Hulslander,  C.  B 1094 

Hulslander,  Jacob 212,  1094 

Hulslander,    Peter 1094 

Humphrey,   Dr.   Abel 195 

Humphrey,  Dr.  William  T 198 

Humphrey,  Dr.  Wilmot  G 201 

Hunt,     Barton ggg 

Hunt,    Daniel 213,    928 

Hunt,  Dr.  D.  N 197 

Hunt,   George  W 213,  944 


1172 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Hunt,  Richard 944 

Hurd,  D.  W 1018 

Hurd,  George  M 1046 

Hurlbut,  George  Lyman 1037 

Hurlbut,  Lyman 1037 

Hurlbut,   William  N 913 

Hurlbut,  Charles  H 968 

Husted,   Joseph 1073 

Husted,  Wilmot  D 1073 

Huston,  Dr.  Thomas  T 194 

I 

Idea,  The  Westfield 445 

Index,  The  Westfield 445 

Indian  Characteristics  and  Peculiarities     37 

Indian   Paths 30 

Indian  Eelics 33 

Indian    Villages 30,  33 

Industrial  Development 109 

Ingerick,    Elmer 771 

Ingerick,  Jacob 771 

Ingham,  Joseph  S.,  sketch  of 895 

Ingham,  Joseph  S.,  portrait  of 897 

Ingham,  J.  S.  &  Sons,  woolen  mill 416 

Ingram,  Dr.  Nelson 199 

Inscho,  Hiram,  sketch  of 890 

Inscho,  Hiram,  portrait  of 961 

Inscho,  John 994 

Inscho,  John  L 995 

Inscho,  Micajah  Seelye 890 

Inscho,  Moses 890 

Inscho,  Obadiah 994 

Inscho,  Eiehard  J. 995 

Intelligencer,  The  Covington 601 

Intelligencer,  The  Kiverside 601 

Internal  Improvements 93 

Intrusion  Law,  arrests   under 80,  83 

Iron  Foundries  and  Smelting  Works 115 

Iron  0re  Deposits 133 

Irvin,  Benjamin 1152 

Irvin,  John 1152 

Ives    Family 506 

J 

Jackson   Center 550 

Jackson,  Ebenezer 267 

Jackson,  Henry  C 897 

Jackson,  Jerry 820 

Jackson,  J.  W 1135 

Jackson,  Lemuel 819 

Jackson,  Mary  Emily,  the  poetess 252 

Jackson,  Mordecai  M 661 

Jackson,  Mrs.  Moi-decai  M 369 

Jackson,  William  A 897 

Jackson  Summit  Postoffice 550 

Jackson  Township. — Organization,  543; 
Boundaries  and  Area,  543;  Surface  and 
Drainage,  543;  Elevation,  543;  Popu- 
lation, 548;  Pioneer  Settlement,  543; 
Early  Milling  Enterprises,  544;  Schools, 
545;  Physicians,  Lawyers  and  Justices, 
546;  The  First  Jackson  Baptist  Church, 
546;  The  West  Jackson  Baptist  Church, 
547;  Jackson  Summit  Baptist  Church, 
547;   The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 


Page, 
of  Millerton,  547:  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  of  Daggett's  Mills,  548; 
The  Methodist  Church  of  Jackson 
Center,  548;  Cemeteries,  548;  Societies, 
548;  Daggetts,  549;  Millerton,  549; 
Millerton  Advocate,  549;  Job's  Cor- 
ners, 550;  Mitchell's  Mills,  550;  Maple 
Ridge,  550;  Jackson  Center,  550; 
Trowbridge,  550;  Jackson  Summit, 
550. 

Jails 134,  135 

James,  Kev.  James  A 1102 

James,  John 125 

Jaquish,   Charles 1115 

Jaquish,  E.  W 1082 

Jaquish,  John 1114 

Jaquish,  Joseph 1115 

Jaquish,  Welcome 1081 

Jay,  David 208 

Jennings,  Charles  M 772 

Jennings,  John  C 772 

Job's  Corners,  village  of 550 

John  O'  the  Smithy — poem 256 

Johns,  Hiram 1106 

Johns,  Thomas  W 1106 

Johnson,  Joel 883 

Johnson,  Laverne  J 884 

Johnson,  Dr.  L.   M 199,  705 

Johnson,  Luther 1124 

Johnson,  Dr.  Luther  W 198,  1124 

Jones,  Dr.  Richard  1 195 

Journal,  The  Elkland 392 

Judges,  Additional  Law 138 

Judges,  Associate 139 

Judges,  President 138 

Jury  Commissioners 144 

K 

Eeeney,  Arthur  M 783 

Keeney,  Burton  L 783 

Keeney,  George  Daniel 783 

Keeney,  Henry  S 783 

Keeney,  Israel  P 782 

Keeney,  Jesse 782 

Keeney,  Thomas 782 

Keeney ville,  village  of 378 

Kehler,  William  M 184 

Kelly,   Michael 1136 

Kelts,  John 1052 

Kelts,  Sobrine 1052 

Kelsey,  Daniel 661 

Kelsey,  Robert 662 

Kendall,  Walter  C,  sketch  of 939 

Kendall,  Walter  C,  portrait  of 929 

Kennedy,  Avery 755 

Kennedy,  Samuel  W 756 

Kennedy  Postolfice 359 

Kentch,  John  G 1016 

Kentch,  Morris  S 1016 

Kibbe,  Alonzo,  M.  D 202,  889 

Kidd,  John 71 

Kilboum,  Henry,  M.  D 197,  1123 

Kilbourn,  Henry,  Jr.,  M.  D 199 

Kilbourn,  Kenyon 1123 

Kilburn,   Ira 531 

Kilbum,  Jonas  G.,  sketch  of 945 


INDEX. 


1173 


Page. 

Kilburn,  Jonas  G.,  portrait  of 945 

Kilburn,  Peter 944 

Kilburn,  Dr.  Ralph 191 

Kiley,  Dr.  Prank  L 303 

Kiley,  John 1118 

Kiley,  Samuel  H 1118 

Kimball,  Alvin  C 921 

Kimball,  Charles-N 184 

Kimball,  Clark 931 

Kimball,  Ernest  Harlan 933 

Kimball,  James 372 

Kimball,  Orville  S 921 

Kimball,   William 1011 

Kimble,  Dr.  Z.  Ellis 303 

King-,  James,  Sr 902 

King,  James 903 

King,   Lorenzo   K 904 

King-,  Ozial  H 904 

King,  Prince 903 

King,  RhadetsRa 903 

King,  Samuel  P 214 

King,  Willard ; 904 

Kingsbury,  E.  L 1159 

Kingsley,  Charles  SuUings 1068 

Kirkendall,  Henry  P : 1038 

Kirkendall,  Samuel  E 165 

Kirkland,  Erancis  G 1030 

Kirkland,  Henry 1030 

Kizer,  William 916 

Kizer,  William  Morgan 916 

Kline,  Peter 1159 

Klock,  Adam  A 715 

Klock,  Jeremiah 716 

Klock,  Milan  L 716 

Knapp,  Dr.  Jerome  B 198 

Knapp,  Judge  John  H 122 

Knapp,  Thomas 1033 

Knapp,  Thomas  C 1033 

Knapp  PostofBce 359 

Knipple,  John  A.,  M.  D 1102 

Knowlton,  Benjamin  E 977 

Knowlton,  Hanover  Pitts 1114 

Knowlton,  Timothy 1113 

Knox,  Archibald  D 868 

Knox,  Edward  L 868 

Knox,  George  H 868 

Knox,  James 414,  867 

Knox,  Hon.  John  C 157 

Knox,  William 867 

Knoxvili-ejBokough. — Organization,421; 
Origin  of  Name,  421;  Streams,  421;  Area 
and  Elevation,  421;  Billings  Park,  421; 
Population,  431;  Early  Settlers,  421; 
Manufacturing  Enterprises,  433;  Daniel 
Cummings'  Pulling  Mill,  433;  Silas  Bill- 
ings' Enterprises,  433;  The  Knoxville 
Foundry,  423;  The  Knoxville  Sash  and 
Blind  Factory  and  Planing  Mill,  434; 
Chester  Wells  Furniture  Factory,  434; 
D.  L.  Freeborn's  Foundry  and  Machine 
Shop,  434;  Mercantile  Enterprises,  434; 
Inns  and  Hotels,  434;  Schools,  435;  Bor- 
ough Organization  and  Officials,  425; 
Postmasters,  436;  Physicians  and  Law- 
yers, 436;  Newspapers,  437;  Quaker 
Society,  427;  The  First  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  427;  The  Knoxville  Free 


Page. 
Church  Association,  428;  The  Christian 
Church  of  Knoxville,  428;  The  First 
Evangelical  Congregational  Church  of 
Knoxville,  428;  The  Baptist  Church  of 
Knoxville,  438;  The  First  Presbyterian 
Association  of  Knoxville,  429;  The  Old 
Quaker  Burying  Ground,  439 ;  The  Free 
Church  Cemetery,  429;  The  Riverside 
Cemetery  Association,  429;  Societies, 
439. 

Krause,  Dr.  F.  W 195 

Kress,  William  Clymer,  sketch  of 697 

Kress,  William   Clymer,   portrait  of ... .  697 

Kreisler,  Augustus  P 751 

Kreisler,  Charles 751 

Kreisler,  Elias  E 751 

Kunkel,  Asaph  T.,  M.  D 202,  924 


Labar,  James 905 

Labar,  Melkier 905 

Labor  Strikes  and  Troubles 138 

Ladd,  William  Nathan 968 

Lagerbom,   John 765 

Lamb,   Gad 212,  568 

Lamb's  Creek,  village  of 573 

Land  Company,  trouble,  in  the 60 

Land  Troubles,  early 533 

Landrus,  Henry  Jackson,  sketch  of....   683 

Landrus,  Henry  Jackson,  portrait  of 325 

Landrus,  village^  of 610 

Lane,    Stephen. ." 943 

Lane,  William  G 944 

Lansing  Postoilice 468 

Lathy,  Dr.  William  Kent 190 

Lattimer,  George 934 

Lattimer,  James 934 

Lawbence  Township  and  Lawhenoe- 
viLLE. — Township  Organization,  520 ; 
Boundaries  and  Area,521;  Drainage  and 
Physical  Characteristics,  521;  Early 
Land  Troubles,  533;  Hon.  Samuel 
Baker,  the  First  White  Settler,  534; 
Other  Early  Settlers,536 ;  The  William- 
son Road,  537;  The  Borough  of  Law- 
reneeville,  534;  Manufacturing  and 
Business  Enterprises,  535;  Physicians 
and  Lawyers,  536;  Newspapers,  537; 
Schools,  537;  The  Lawrenceville  Acad- 
emy, 538;  Pioneer  Religious  Services, 
538;  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Lawrenceville,  538;  The  First  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Lawrenceville, 
539;  St.  John's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,540;  The  Christian  Church,540; 
Sabbath-Schools,  540;  Cemeteries,  541; 
Justices  and  Burgesses,  541;  Lawrence- 
ville Lodge,  No.  913,  L  O.  O.  F.,  543; 
Lawrenceville  Encampment,  No.  98,  I. 
O.  0.  F.,  542;  Capt.  Phil.  Holland  Post, 
No.  357,  G.  A.  R.,  543;  Horacetown, 
542. 
Lawrenceville    and    Wellsboro    Railroad 

Company 106 

Lawton,  Edgar 744 

Lawton,  Gilderoy  H 743 


1174 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Lawton,  Eussell 743 

Lawton,  Warren 743 

Lay,  James 1100 

Lay,  Orrin  E ; .  1100 

Leach,  Aaron  L.  S 929 

Leach,   Harvey,   M.   D 180,  195 

Leach,   Harvey  B 180 

Leach,  James  V 174 

Leach,  Eoss  V 939 

Leader,  The  Tioga  County 326 

Learn,   Dana 938 

Leather  Company,  The  United  States. .  115 

Leather  Company,  The  Wellsboro 358 

Lee,  Daniel   ; .  208 

Lee,  Daniel  H 892 

Lee,  Moses 892 

Leete,  Clark 789 

Leete,  Thomas 789 

Leetonia,  village  of 485 

Leisenring,    William    H 1151 

Lent,  Dr.  Willard  G 203 

Leonard,  Peter  D 906 

Leonard,   Stephen  A ?06 

Leonard,  Timothy 905 

Levris,  Hon.  Ellis 153 

Levyis,  Eankin 317 

Liberty  BoBOtrGH. — First  White  Men, 
640;  The  Block  House,  640;  Anthony  or 
Anthonyson,  640;  Early  and  Later 
Taverns  and  Hotels,  647;  First  Post 
Eoute,  647;  A  Youthful  Mail  Carrier, 
647;  Postmasters,  647;  Some  Old-Time 
Letters,  647;  Early  Merchants,  648; 
Borough  Organization  and  Officials, 
648. 
Liberty  Township. — Organization,  639; 
Physical  Characteristics,  639;  Minerals 
and  Timber,  639;  Drainage,  639;  Popu- 
lation, 639;  Pioneer  Settlement,  640; 
The  District  Line,  640;  The  William- 
son Eoad,  640;  The  Block  House,  640; 
Anthony  or  Anthonj'son,  640;  Other 
Early  Settlers,  641;  Mills  and  Other 
Enterprises,  642;  Physicians,  643;  Jus- 
tices, 643;  Schools,  644;  Frieden's  Evan-  , 
gelical  Lvitheran  Church,  644;  Salem 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  644;  The 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Nau- 
voo,  644;  The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  at  Sebrings,  644;  The  Evangeli- 
cal Church  at  Liberty,  644;  The  Evan- 
gelical Church  of  Nauvoo,  645;  The 
Evangelical  Church  of  East  Point,  645; 
The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Liberty,  645;  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  at  Nauvoo,  646;  The  Universal- 
ist  Church,  646;  The  United  Evangeli- 
cal Church  of  Liberty,  646;  The  Eben- 
ezer  United  Evangelical  Church  of 
East  Point,  646;  Union  Churches, 
646;  Cemeteries,  646;  Societies,  646; 
Nauvoo,  648;  Sebrings,  648;  Shoptown, 
649;    East  Point,  649;    Hartford,  649. 

Literature  of  Tioga  249 

Little,  John   ' 931 

Little  Mar.sh,  village  of 462 

Lloyd   Postoffice    492 

Lock,  James   663 

Lock,  Miss  Lydia   292 


Page. 

Locke,  Jesse,   Sr 695 

Locke,  Jesse  695 

Lockwood,  Dennison  A 770 

Logan,  Dr.  Charles  S 202 

Logan,  William  E 1128 

Longwell,  Dr.  John  P 203 

Loop,  Dr.  Albert  M.,  M.  D 195 

Lorenton  Postoffice 493 

Losey,    Jesse 209,  505 

Losses  in  the  War 248 

Loudenslager,  Samuel 1153 

Loveless,   C.   0 1015 

Loveless,  C.  W 1015 

Lovi^ell  Orlando  B 1002 

Lowell,  William  1001 

Lownsbery,  Deacon  Isaac  310 

Lowrey,   Hon.   James    154 

Lucas,  James   1101 

Lucas,  L.  B 1103 

Lucy,  Daniel  N 1049 

Ludlam,  Samuel 898 

Lugg,  Anthony  W 887 

Lugg,  Charles  886 

Lumber  Business,  risks  and  charms  of..  114 

Lumber  Eafts  in  1804   .., Ill 

Lycoming  County,  area  in  1795  36 

Lycoming  County  Organized  39 

Lycoming  Creek   25 

Lycoming  Township,  formation  of   39 

Lycoming  township,  original  boundaries 

of  39 

Lyell,  Sir  Charles,  visit  of  126 

Lyman,  Dr.  Harvey   193 

Lyon,  Abram   794 

Lyon,  Joseph  E 793 


M 


Mabie,  Capt.  Levi  213 

Macfarlane,  James,    description   of   coal 

seams,    136 

Magee,  Hon.  John '. 633 

Magee,  Hon.  John,  monument  of 348 

Magill,  James  P : 323 

Magisterial  Districts  Established 86 

Maine,  George  D.,  M.  D.,  sketches  of  .198,  1091 

Maine,  George  D.,  M.  D.,  portrait  of 561 

Maine,  John   1091 

Mainesbttrg  BoKOtTGH. — Location,  565; 
Origin  of  Name,  565;  Postmasters, 
565;  Burgesses,  565;  Justices,  566. 

Malone  Postoffice   485 

Manchester  Mills  113 

Maneval,  Benjamin   1147 

Maneval,  David   1147 

Maneval,   Peter    1147 

Maneval,   William  H 1148 

Manhattan,  village  of    482 

Manly,  Eev.  M.  J 703 

Mann,  John  H 1044 

Mann,  Eeuben   1044 

Mansfield  Borough.  —  Location  and 
Area,  575;  Drainage  and  Altitude,  575; 
Population,  575;  Early  Settlers  and  En- 
terprises, 575;  Borough  Organization 
and  Officials,  578;  Fire  Department, 
578;  The  Mansfield  Hook  and  Ladder 
Company,  No.  1,  578;    A.  M.  Pitts  Hose 


INDEX. 


1175 


Page. 
Company,  No.  2,  579;  Allen  Hose  Com- 
pany, No.  3,  579;  Postmasters,  Physi- 
cians and  Lawyers,  579;  Hotels,  580; 
Public  Schools,  580;  Mansfield  Classical 
Seminary,  580;  The  Mansfield  State 
Normal  School,  582;  The  Alumni  As- 
sociation of  the  State  Normal  School 
of  Mansfield,  584;  Soldiers'  Orphan 
Home,  584;  The  Mansfield  Business 
College,  585;  The  Allen  Business  Col- 
lege, 585;  The  Mansfield  Tannery, 
585;  The  Sun  Milling  Company,  585; 
The  Tioga  Iron  Works,  585;  Bailey's 
Steam  Saw-mill,  585;  Edward  Doane  & 
Company,  585;  Mart  King's  Furniture 
Factory,  586;  The  Banking  House  of 
Eoss  &  Williams,  586;  Smythe  Park, 
586;  The  New  Era  Mills,  586;  The  Ross 
Cigar  Company,  586;  The  MansfielH 
Opera  House  Company  (Limited),  586; 
The  Mansfield  Foundry  and  Machine 
Shops,  586;  The  Paisley  Woolen  Com- 
pany, 587;  The  Mansfield  Board  of 
Trade,  587;  The  Mansfield  Wood  Nov- 
elty Works,  587;  The  Mansfield  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Association,  587;  The 
Mansfield  Water  Company,  587;  The 
Mansfield  Chair  Company,  587;  The 
Balance,  587;  The  Mansfield  Express, 
587;  The  Valley  Enterprise,  587;  The 
Mansfield  Advertiser,  588;  The  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Kichmand,588; 
The  First  Baptist  Church  of  Mansfield, 
588;  The  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Mansfield,  589;  St.  James' 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  589; 
The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mansfield, 
590;  The  Universalist  Church,  590; 
Roman  Catholic  Sunday-School,  591; 
Hope  Cemetery,  591;  Oakwood  Ceme- 
tery Company,  591;  Friendship  Lodge, 
No.  247,  F.  &  A.  M.,  591;  Mansfield 
Lodge,  No.  526,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  591;  General 
Mansfield  Post,  No.  48,  G.  A.  R.,  592; 
General  Mansfield  Corps,  No.  6,  W.  R. 
C,  592;  The  Mansfield  Club,  592;  Tioga 
Valley  Grange,  No.  918,  P.  of  H.,  592; 
Other  Societies,  592. 

Mansfield  Classical  Seminary   580 

Mansfield  State  Normal  School 582 

Manwaring,  George  0 927 

Map  of  Tioga  County  16 

Maple  Eidge  Postojffice  550 

Mardin  Postofiice   574 

Markham,  Albert 882 

Markham,  Charles  D 940 

Markham,  William  882 

Marsh,  The  Big 351 

Marsh   Creek    26 

Marsh  Creek  Postoffice  474 

Marsh,  H.  F 184 

Marshfield  Postofiice  481 

Martin,  Charles  H 938 

Martin,  Lawrence  S 828 

Martin,  Stephen,  Sr 828 

Martin,   Stephen   828 

Mason,  Williain  G 983 


Page. 

Masten,  Frank  G.,  M.  D 203 

Masten,  James,  M.  D.,  sketches  of  . . .  .199,  911 

Masten,  James,  M.  D.,  portrait  of 433 

Mastin,  Dr.  Nathan  W 201 

Mather,  John  William  175 

Mathers,  Charles  Coolidge 688 

Mathers,  John,  Sr 687 

Mathers,    John    687 

Mathers,  William  T 688 

Matson,  Edwin,  Sr.,  sketch  of   732 

Matson,  Edwin,  Sr.,  portrait  of   481 

Matson,  Edwin,  Jr 733 

Matson,  James  H 182,  733 

Matthews,  Henry,  "Indian  Doctor" 302 

Mattison,  Alexander   962 

Mattison,  Silas  B 962 

Maynard,  Cheney  C 986 

Maynard,  John   970 

Maynard,  Hon.  John  Wesley 155 

Maynard,  Eeuben  G 971 

McAllister,  David  C 994 

McAllister,  Ira  993 

McAllister,  R.  P.  H 994 

McAvoy,  John 1039 

McCallum,  John   1040 

McCallum,  Joseph 1(510 

McCallum,  William  H 1041 

MeCann,  Robert  P 846 

MoCloskey,  Dr.  J.  B 202 

McClure,  Robert 84 

McEntee,  Edgar  A 1138 

McLean,  Alexander  A 800 

McLean,  John  A 800 

McMahon,  Michael  1151 

McNaughton,  Daniel,  M.  D./ 197,  909 

McNaughton,  Niles  Wesley   909 

McNeil,  John  T 185 

McNinch,  Matthew  Eugene 940 

Mead,  John  N 926 

Mead,  William  B 926 

Medical  Profession,  The 189 

Medical  Society  of  Tioga  County   205 

Members  of  Constitutional  Conventions.  138 
"Memories  of  the  War,"  extracts  from..  217 

Mengee,  Henry    969 

Mengee,  Herman  T 970 

Mercantile  Appraisers    144 

Merrick,  Bradford  W 896 

Merrick,  Major  George  W 172,  237 

Merrick,  Israel,  Jr 659 

Merrick,  Israel,  Sr 660 

Merrick,  Jacob  B 1126 

Merrick,  Hon.  Walter  T 181 

Merrick,  William  L 896 

Metcalf ,   Charles    898 

Metcalf ,  Charles  H 930 

Metcalf,  Daniel  P 898 

Metcalf,  James  H 930 

Methodist  Churches. — Wellsboro.  306; 
Delmar,  356-57;  Charleston,  365-66; 
Middlebury,  374-75;  Farmington,  381- 
82;  Elkland,  393;  Osceola,  402;  Nelson, 
411;  Knoxville,  427;  Westfield  town- 
ship, 434-35;  Westfield  borough,  445- 
46;  Brookfield,  452-53;  Chatham,  461; 
Clymer,  466;  Shippen,  472;  Gaines, 
479-80;  Elk,  485;  Morris,  489-90;  Tioga 


1176 


INDEX. 


Page. 

township,  502;  Tioga  boroug-h,  513; 
Iiawrenoeville,  538;  Jackson,  547-48; 
Entland,  554;  Mainesburg,  563;  Sulli- 
van, 563-64;  Bichmond,  572;  Mansfield, 
589;  Covington,  596,  602;  Blossburg, 
620;  Morris  Kun,  629;  Ward,  632;  Lib- 
erty, 645-46;  Union,  652. 

Mexican  War   216 

Middaugh,  Cornelius   213 

Middaugh,  Joseph 530 

Middlebury  Center,  village  of   377 

MlDDLEBTTBT  TOWNSHIP.  —  Organization, 
369;  Streams,  369;  Elevations,  370; 
Agxieultuxal  Products,  370;  Popula- 
tion, 370;  Early  Settlers,  370;  Early 
and  Later  Enterprises,  371;  The  Niles 
Valley  Tannery,  372;  The  Keeneyville 
Cheese  Eactory,  372;  Schools  and  Jus- 
tices, 372;  The  Eirst  Baptist  Church 
of  Middlebury,  373;  The  Hammond 
Kegular  Baptist  Church,  373;  The  Kee- 
neyville Free  Baptist  Church,  374; 
The  Free  Baptist  Church  of  Holiday- 
town,  374;  The  First  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church  of  Middlebury,  374;  The 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Keeney- 
ville, 374;  The  Eirst  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  of  Niles  Valley,  375;  The 
Holidaytown  Cemetery  Association, 
375;  The  Middlebury  Cemetery  Asso- 
ciation,375;  The  Niles  Valley  Cemetery 
Association,  375;  The  Keeneyville  Cem- 
etery, 375;  The  Shingle  School  House 
Cemetery,  375;  The  French  HUl  Ceme- 
tery Association,  375;  Societies,  376; 
Holidaytown,  or  Crooked  Creek  Post- 
office,  376;  Niles  Valley,  376;  Middle- 
bury Center,  377;  Keeneyville,  378; 
Hammond,  378. 

Militia  System,  old-time 215 

Militia  Trainings   215 

Miller,  Charles  A.,  sketch  of 1144 

Miller,  Charles  A.,  portrait  of 649 

Miller,  Cephas  C 1015 

Miller  C.   F 1014 

Miller,  Charles  L 1015 

Miller,   Garret 543,   1041 

Miller,  James   1041 

Miller,  J.  H 1042 

Miller,  Jeremiah   1015 

Miller,  Merton  R 1145 

Miller,    X 272 

Millerton,  village  of 549 

Mills,  Daniel  773 

Mills,  Samuel   773 

Miners  and  Laborers  Benevolent  Union.  128 

Miners   National  Bank 623 

Minor  Streams  28 

Miscellaneous  Commands   243 

Mitchell,   Albert    588 

Mitchell,  Edsell   212,  784 

Mitchell,  Henry  J 751 

Mitchell,  John 988 

Mitchell,  Hon.  John  Inscho,  sketch  of. .  150 
Mitchell,  Hon.  John  Inscho,  portrait  of . .  153 

Mitchell,  Joseph   750 

Mitchell,  Richard   987 


Page. 

Mitchell,  Robert   988 

Mitchell,  Ross  A 988 

Mitchell,  Thomas  E 784 

Mitchell,  Thomas  K 987 

Mitchell,  Walter  B 785 

Mitchell,  William  A 784 

Mitchell's  Creek  Postoffice  503 

Mitchell's  Mills   550 

Mixtown  467 

Monitor,  The  Weekly   601 

Monroe,    Bateman    1098 

Monroe,   A.  J 158 

Monument  of  Hon.  John  Magee 348 

Monument,    Soldiers'    248 

Moody,  Benjamin,  M.  D    200,  1071 

Moody,  John  A 1071 

Moody,  Moses  1071 

Moody,  Nathaniel  Peaseley 208,   1071 

Moore,  Sylvanus   754 

Moore,  William  S 755 

Morgan,  Dennis  1089 

Morgan,  Jonathan  V 709 

Morgan,  Samuel,  Sr 709 

Morrill,  Lott  W 1043 

Morrill,  Stephen,  Sr 209,  1043 

Morrill,  Stephen,  Jr 214,  1043 

Morris,  Benjamin  C,  M.  D 195 

Morris,  Benjamin  Wistar 260,  655 

Morris,  Mrs.  Mary  Wells  73 

Morris,  Samuel  Wells,  sketches  of  ..266,  655 

Morris,  Samuel  Wells,  portrait  of 16 

Morris,  Mrs.  Samuel  Wells 269        )i 

Morris,  Dr.  Joseph  P.,  sketches  of  .195,  1061 

Morris,  Dr.  Joseph  P.,  portrait  of 577 

Morris'  Great  Trust  59 

Morris'  Mills  62 

Morris'   Offer   72 

Morris  Run  Coal  Mining  Company 627 

Morris  Run  Railroad  105 

Morris  State  Road 100 

MoHHis  Run. — ^Early  Settlement,  627; 
Rapid  Growth,  628;  Postmasters,  628; 
Physicians,  628;  Hotel,  628;  Schools, 
628;  The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mor- 
ris Run,  628;  The  Welsh  Baptist 
Church,  628;  The  Primitive  Methodist 
Church,  629;  The  First  Welsh  Congre- 
gation of  Morris  Run,  629;  St.  Mary's 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  629;  St.  Jo- 
seph's Roman  Catholic  Church  (Po- 
lish), 629;  The  Swedish  Lutheran 
Church,  629;  The  Morris  Run  Baptist 
Church,  629;  Societies,  629. 
Morris  Township. — Organization,  486; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  486;  Physical 
Features,  486;  Streams,  486;  Railroads, 
487;  Population,  487;  Pioneer  Settle- 
ment, 487;  Mills  and  Other  Enterprises, 
488;  Schools,  489;  Physicians,  489;  Jus- 
tices, 489;  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Blackwells,  489;  Hoytville 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  490;  The 
Mt.  Pleasant  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  490;  Dixe's  Run  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  490;  The  Plank 
School  House  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  490;  The  First  Baptist  Church 


INDEX. 


1177 


Page. 

of  Morris,  490;  The  Church  of  the  Sa- 
cred Heart,  Catholic,  491;  Societies, 
491;  Morris,  Village  of,  491;  Black- 
wells,  493;  Lloyd,  493;  Hoytville,  492; 
The  Brunswick  Tannery,  493;  Loren- 
ton,  493. 

Morris,  village  of  491 

Moulding  Sand   116 

Mountain  Ranges  18 

Mourey,  Peter 314 

Moyer,  Lewis   1148 

Murphey,  Dr.  John  B 192 

Murray,  M.  S 1130 

Murry,   Betty 663 

Muriy,  Uncle  Eben   264,   663 

Murry,  Aunt  Hetty 264,  662 

N 

Nails,  high  price  of    134,  278 

NauToo,  village  of   648 

Navil,  Orrin  J 761 

Navil,    Samuel    761 

Neal,  E.  J 936 

Neal,  John  215 

Nelson  Bokough. — Organization,  404; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  404;  Streams, 
404;  Physical  Characteristics,  405; 
Railroads,  405;  Village  of  Nelson, 
405;  Nelson  Station,  405;  Population, 
405;  Early  Settlers,  405;  Reuben  Cook, 
Sr.,  405;  Dorman  Bloss,  406;  Beecher's 
Island,  406;  Manufacturing  and  Busi- 
ness Enterprises,  407;  The  Nelson  Sep- 
arator and  Butter  Company,  408;  Bor- 
ough Organization  and  Officials,  409; 
Physicians,  409;  Schools,  409;  The  Sec- 
ond Congregational  Church  of  Elkland, 
410;  The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Beecher's  Island,  410;  The  Centenary 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Nelson, 
411;  The  Cemetery,  411;  Societies,  411. 

Nelson  Station  405 

Nelson,  village  of  405 

"Nessmuk,"  the  poet 355 

Newelltown 654 

Newman,  Albert  894 

Newman,  Joseph  0 894 

New  York  Regiments,  men  who  enlisted 

in   346 

Nichols,  Alfred  1 699 

Nichols,  Archibald 664 

Nichols,  Enos  665 

Nichols  Family   664 

Nichols,  Levi  1 665 

Nichols,    Mary   E 292 

Niles,  Aaron   990 

Niles,  Aaron  R 179 

Niles,  Col.  Alanson  E 678 

Niles,  Alfred  J 183 

Niles,  Augustus  990 

Niles,  Augustus,  M.  D.,  sk^ches  of  .  .201,  705 

Niles,  Augustus,  M.  D.,  portrait  of 713 

Niles,  Augustus  E 991 

Niles,  Erasmus  W 788 

Niles,   Erastus,   Sr 787 

Niles,  Erastus 788 

Niles,  Erastus  M 788 


Page. 

Niles,  James  Homer 787 

Niles,  Hon.  Jerome  B.,  sketch  of 166- 

Niles,  Hon.  Jerome  B.,  portrait  of 177 

Niles,  Nathan,  Sr 989 

Niles,  Nathan,  Jr 989 

Niles  Valley,  village  of 376. 

Nobles,  Asahel 213 

Nobles,  Azel   209 

Nobles,  Daniel  L 1012 

Nobles,  Darius  W 943 

Nobles,  Ferdinand  E 747 

Nobles,   Loron    746 

Norris,  John 62,  352,  656 

Northern  Central  Railway   108 

Novel  Entertainment  in  the  Wilderness. .     97 
Nye,  Dr.  O.  S 202 

O 

O'Connor,  William   702 

O'Donnell,  William  P 1131 

Odle  Comers  Postoffiee 383 

Ogdensburg,  village  of  654 

Old  Indictment   83 

Old-Time  Militia  System  215 

Old-Time  Taverns  and  Landlords 37a 

Old  Quaker  Meeting  House  395 

Olmstead,  Clement  P 758 

Olmstead,  Jacob  R 753 

Olmstead,  James 753 

Olmsville  Postoffiee   359 

One  Hundred  and  First  Regiment 230 

One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Regiment 231 

One  Hundred    and    Eighth    Regiment — 

Eleventh  Cavalry   231 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-Sixth  Regi- 
ment       23a 

One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Regiment.  234 
One    Hundred    and     Seventy-first    Regi- 
ment— Drafted  Militia 235 

One  Hundred  and  Eighty-seventh  Regi- 
ment   336 

One  Hundred  and  Ninetieth  Regiment. .  339 
One  Hundred  and  Ninety-first  Regiment.   339 

Ormerod,    John 177 

Orr,  Charles    760 

Orr,  Robert  758 

Orr,  Thomas   760 

Orr,  Thomas  J •  758 

Orton,  Milton  Pardee,  M.  D 195,  1028 

Osceola  Borough. — Organization  as  a 
Township,  395;  Organization  as  a  Bor- 
ough, 395;  Village  of  Osceola,  395; 
Elevation,  395;  Streams,  395;  Etymol- 
ogy of  the  Word  Cowanesque,  395; 
Pindarville,  396;  Population,  396; 
Lands  and  Settlement,  396;  Early  and 
Later  Industries,  398;  Inns  and  Hotels, 
400;  Schools,  400;  Borough  Organiza- 
tion and  Officials,  401;  Physicians, 
403;  The  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Osceola,  402;  The  Osceola 
Cemetery  Association,  403;  Holden 
Brook  Cemetery,  403;  Fairvjew  Ceme- 
tery Association,  404;  Secret  Societies, 
404. 

Osgood,  B.  H 1083 

Charles  G 685. 


1178 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Other  States,  men  who  enlisted  in 247 

Ouderkirk,  Charles  837 

Ouderkirk,  Linsf  ord 827 

Owlett,  Edward  Howland  182 

Owlett,  Gilbert  B.,  Sr 803 

Owletti  Gilbert  B 804 

P 

Packard,  Albert  P 768 

Packer,  Hon.  Horace  B 174 

Packer,  Dr.  Nelson,  sketch  of 195 

Packer,  Dr.  Nelson,  portrait  of 193 

Pagan,  Kudolph 697 

Painter  Eun  PostofSce  504 

Palmer,  Chauncey  King  792 

Palmer,  Eeuben  Tower 792 

Panther  and  Wolf  Scalp  Bounties 43 

Parkhurst,.  Dr.   Curtis    192,   533 

Parkhurst,  Dr.  Dexter  193 

Parkhurst,  Joel  835 

Parsons,  William  H 917 

Patehin,  Andrew  J 1038 

Patchin,  Vine  D 1038 

Patriotic   Action   of   Wellsboro    Council 

in    1861    217 

Patriotism  of  Mrs.  William  B.  Clymer. . .  217 

Patrons  of  Husbandry 119 

Patterson    Brothers — Eobert     and    Ben- 
jamin     121,   209 

Pattison,  Charles  L.,  sketch  of 836 

Pattison,  Charles  L.,  portrait  of 385 

Pattison,  Orville   838 

Pattison  National  Bank  387 

Patton,  William 152 

Peake,  Elijah,  Sr 772 

Peake,  Elijah   772 

T'eake,  Franklin  C 773 

Peake,  Seth  E 773 

Peck,  Charles  L 174 

Peckham,  George  W 818 

Penbryn,  village"  of 653 

Pennsylvania  Joint   Land    and   Lumber 

Company    '. 113 

Pershing,  John 315 

Peter's   Camp   96,   121 

Peters,  James  E 780 

Petition  of  Early  Settlers  40 

Phelps,  Julius  A 825 

Phelps,  Dr.  Thaddeus 195 

Phelps,  Warren   825 

Phillips,  Dr.  H.  A 200 

Phillips,  Selah   1140 

Phoenix,  The 318 

Pierson,  Lydia  Jane,  poetess 249 

Pierson,  Oliver  249 

Pine  Creek  35 

Pine  Creek  Branch  of  Fall  Brook  Rail- 
road       106 

Pine  Creek  Land  Company 58,  59,  61 

Pioneer  Mills  on  Pine  Creek 112 

Pioneer  Mines  and  Mining 121 

Pioneer  Physicians    189 

Pioneer,   The  Tioga    317,    511 

Pipe  Line  PostoiRce  550 

Pitts,  Capt.  Aaron  Mudge,  sketch  of 1057 

Pitts,  Capt.  Aaron  Mudge,  portrait  of. .   585 
Pitts,  Apollos 1057 


Page. 

Pitts,  Daniel  H 1058 

Pitts,  John  P 1058 

Plank,  Charles  H 943 

Plank,  Harvey   914 

Plank,  Isaac   913 

Plank,  Lovel,  Sr 943 

Plank,  Lovel 913 

Plank,  Spencer  B 943 

Plank,  Welcome  L 943 

Playf oot,  Edward  J 745 

Playfoot,  James 744 

Poems.— "Crags  and  Pines,"  256;  "John 
O'  the  Smithy,"  256;  "The  Long  Fare- 
well," 251;  "The  Parting,"  253;  "The 
World  Would  be  the  Better  for  It," 
254. 

Poggendorf ,   Joseph    1017 

Pomeroy,  Mark  M.   ("Brick") 204 

Pomona  Grange    119 

Porter,  Allen  T 1038 

Porter,  Seth  John,  M.  D 193 

Potter,  B.  M 180 

Potter,  Ezra   717 

Potter  George  W 903 

Potter,  Henry  H 214,  805 

Potter,  Hiram  E 717 

Potter,  Jerome  B 806 

Potter,  Louis  Albert  818 

Potter,    Stephen    901 

Potter  Brook,  village  of 436 

Power,  Dr.  Pliny 191 

Power,  Dr.  Simeon,  sketches  of  .191,  533,  1030 

Power,  Dr.  Simeon,  portrait  of 49 

Pratt,  Arthur  S 769 

Pratt,  Dr.  Cyrus   195 

Pratt,  Edwin   769 

Pratt,  Robert  H 769 

Peesbttekian  Churches. — Presbyterian 
Church,  Wellsboro,  299;  Presbyterian 
Congregation  of  Farmington,  381; 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Elkland  and 
Osceola,  392;  First  Presbyterian,  Beech- 
er's  Island,  410;  First  Presbyterian  As- 
sociation, Knoxville,  429;  "Pine  Creek 
Church,"  Ansonia,  473;  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Antrim,  497;  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Tioga,  515;  First  Presby- 
terian, Lfiwrenceville,  539;  First  Pres- 
byterian, of  Richmond,  588;  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Mansfield,  590;  First 
Presbyterian,  Covington,  603;  First 
Presbyterian,  Amot,  608;  First  Presby- 
terian, Blossburg,  620;  Presbyterian 
Church,  Moriis,  Run.  628;  Presbyte- 
rian Church  of  Fall  Brook,  637. 

President  Judges 138 

Preston,  Charles  M 833 

Price,  Charles  R 893 

Price,  Jacob   893 

Price,  Samuel  B 893 

Pritchard,  Lyman  and  Calvin 531 

Pbotestant  Episcopal  Chubches. — St. 
Paul's,  Wellsboro,  297;  St.  John's, 
Westfield  borough,  446;  Trinity,  An- 
trim, 496;  St.  Andrew's,  Tioga  bor- 
ough, 514;  St.  John's,  Lawrenceville, 
540;      St.      James',      Mansfield,      589; 


INDEX. 


1179 


Page. 
Christ    Church,    Arnot,     609;      Christ 
Church,    Blossburg,    618;     St.    Luke's, 
Blossburg,     619;     St.     Thomas',     Fall 
Brook,  637. 

Prothonotaries  140 

Prutsman,  Andrew  M 993 

Prutsman,  Jacob 993 

Prutsman,  Nicholas,  Sr 993 

Public  Buildings,  iirst  erected  133 

Public  Building's  and  Oiiicials 132 

Public  Officials,  roster  of 137 

Pultney  Estate 95 

Purchase  of  1758  35 

Purchase  and  Treaty  of  1768 34,    35 

Purchase  and  Treaty  of  1784  35 

Purhen,  John  M 972 

Purple,  Norman  H 185 

Purvis,  John  T 816 

Putnam,  John  H 183 

Putnam,  Jonas  Galusha 1006 

E 

Races  in  the  Wilderness 97 

Eafts  of  Lumber  in  1804 Ill 

Eafting  Reminiscence  Ill 

Eainf  all,  mean  annual 28 

Raish,  George  P 764 

Raker,  Dr.  Jacob,  Jr 195 

Ramsdell,  Henry  J 326 

Rathbone,  Clarendon 152,  617 

Rathbun,  Henry 831 

Eathbun,  Job   832 

Rathbun,   Samuel   831 

Real  Estate  Values,  1896  118 

Eebellion,  War  of  the 216 

Eeber,  George 866 

Record  Building   136 

Eecord,  The  Covington 601 

Records,  extracts  from  40,  43 

Records  Stolen  90 

Redfield,   Augustus l'?4 

Redner,   Willard    1017 

Reep,  Jacob  529 

Rees,  Thomas  T 713 

Reese,  Charles  A.,  M.  D 200,  885 

Registers  and  Recorders,  140 

Eeinwald,  Dr.  Frederick   197 

Relies  of  Catholic  Altar  Service 34 

Reminiscences  of  Gen.  Johp  Burrows  ...     63 

Reminiscences  of  Josiah  Emery   262 

Representatives  in  Congress 137 

Revolution,  War  of  the 206 

Revolutionary  Soldiers  207 

Rexford,  David    965 

Rexf ord,  Delos  D 965 

Rexford,   Job    936 

Ttexford,  Perry  E 936 

Reyman,  William  C 978 

Reyman,  William  J 979 

Reynolds,  Levi  B 878 

Reynolds,  Samuel  1083 

Eeynolds,  Thomas 1084 

Rice,  Alvin  H 950 

Rice,  Austin  D 950 

Rich,  Dr.  William  B. 197 

Richards,  Stephen  F 1117 


Page. 

Richmond  Township. — Organization,  567; 
Area,  567;  Elevations,  567;  Popu- 
lation, 567;  Streams,  567;  Mineral 
Wealth,  567;  Pioneer,  Settlers,  568; 
Pioneer  Enterprises,  570;  Schools  and 
Justices,  571;  Early  Religious  Services, 
572;  The  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Lamb's  Creek,  572;  The 
First  Church  of  Christ  of  Canoe  Camp, 
572;  Cemeteries,  573;  Lamb's  Creek 
Village,  573;  Canoe  Camp  Village,  573; 
Mardin  Postoffice,  574. 

Eieppel,  John  925 

Rietter,  George '. 946 

Ripley,  Major  Ebenezer  210 

Ripley,  Capt,  Homer  J. 1050 

Ripley,  Rev.  Nehemiah  Hobart 1050 

Ripley,  Philip  S 1050 

Ripley,  Volney  1051 

Ritter,  Dr.  F.  D 200 

Eixf ord,  Simon   208 

Road,  East  and  West  State  102 

Road,  Morris  State 100 

Road,  Williamson  95 

Roads,   early 93 

Roads,  plank 103 

Roaring  Branch,  village  of 654 

Robb,  James  L.,  sketch  of 716 

Robb,  James  L.,  portrait  of  769 

Robb,  John  C,  sketch  of 820 

Robb,  John  C,  portrait  of 377 

Robbins,  Dr.  E.  S.  198 

Roberts,  Dr.  D.  H 193 

Roberts    Family 506 

Roberts,  Giles  883 

Roberts,  Dr.  Hiram  B 193 

Roberts,  William,  sketch  of  686 

Roberts,  William,  portrait  of  289 

Roberts,  William  H 686 

Robertson,  George  A 737 

Robertson,  Thomas  A 737 

Robertson,  William,  Sr 737 

Robertson,  William 737 

Robinson,  Chester,  sketch  of 666 

Robinson,  Chester,  portrait  of   81 

Robinson,  Jesse  Morse  669 

Robinson,  John  L.,  sketch  of 667 

Robinson,  John  L.,  portrait  of  97 

Robinson,  E.  F.,  M.  D 202,  1158 

Roblyer,  Dr.  David  S 197 

Roblyer,  Herbert,  sketch  of 741 

Roblyer,  Herbert,  portrait  of 801 

Roblyer,  Hiram  L 741 

Rockwell,  Edward  E 1034 

Rockwell,  Frank  H 183 

Rockwell,  Laban  L 1104 

Rockwell,  Norman   768 

Rockwell,  Samuel  1033 

Rockwell,  Silas  S 768 

Rockwell,  Dr.  T.  N 202 

Roe,  Cornelius   785 

Roe,  James  M 785 

Roe,  John 785 

Roe,  John  O _ 786 

Roe,  Thomas  E ' 786 

Rohrbach,  John  927 

Roland,  Henry  W 177 


1180' 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Eose,  Daniel  212,  1088 

Rose,  Elliott  S.,  sketch  of  1088 

Bose,  Elliott  S.,  portrait  of 545 

Eose,  Frank  Hamilton,  D.  D.  S 706 

Eose,   Dr.   Joel    197,   706 

Eose,  Dr.  Levi 195 

Eose,  Morgan  E 1089 

Eose,  Russell    210,   1087 

Eose,  Warren  D.,  sketch  of 1089 

Eose,  Warren  D.,  portrait  of 609 

Eose,  William  Pembrooke,  sketch  of 1088 

Eose,  William  Pembrooke,  portrait  of..  601 
EosE"Vii,i.E  BoBOUGH. — Origin  of  Name, 
555;  Early  Taverns,  555;  Eutland  Post- 
office,  555;  Postmasters,  556;  Mercan- 
tile Enterprises,  556;  Borough  Organ- 
ization and  Officials,  556;  Justices, 
556;  Secret  Societies,  556;  A  Destruc- 
tive Eire,  556. 

Eoss,  Andrew  J 1064 

Eoss,  Charles  S 1064 

Eoss,  Edward  H 1064 

Eoster  of  Public  Officials 137 

Round  Top,  village  of 368 

Eowley,  Amos  E 813 

Eoy,  Arthur  M 708 

Eoy,  Dr.  Eobert 204 

Eude,  George   816 

Eugaber,  Joseph  Frederick   919 

Euggles,  Daniel  W 967 

Euggles,  Homer    215 

Eumsey,  Aaron   1090 

Eumsey,  Charles  M 1091 

Eumsey,   Emery  J 1090 

Eumsey,  Jeremiah   210 

Rumsey,  Noah,  Sr 1090 

Rumsey,  Noah,  Jr 1090 

Rumsey,  Dr.  Philemon  202 

Rushniore,   Peter    938 

Eushmore,  Silas  938 

Eushmore,  Watson  R 939 

Rusling,  Joseph  Fowler 1028 

Russell,  John  M 757 

Russell,  Lucius  L 757 

Rutland  Postoffice   555 

Rutland  Township.- — Organization,  551; 
Boundaries,  551;  Physical  Features, 
551;  Streams,  551;  Elevations,  551; 
Mineral  Deposits,  551;  Population, 
551;  Early  Settlers,  551;  Mills  and 
Other  Enterprises,  552;  Schools,  553; 
Physicians,  553;  Justices,  554;  The 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  North 
Sullivan  and  South  Eutland,  554;  The 
Second  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
554;  The  Third  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Eutland,  554;  Bailey  Creek 
Baptist  Church,  554;  The  Eutland  Bap- 
tist Church,  555;  Cemeteries,  555; 
Eoseville  Borough,  555. 

Eyan,  Norman  H 169 

Ryder,  William  L 946 

Ryon,  George  L 1023 

Ryon,  George  W 166 

Ryon,  Harris  T 1024 

Ryon,  John,  Sr 208,  1021 

Ryon,  Judge  John,  sketch  of 1022 

Ryon,  Judge  John,  portrait  of 33 


Page. 

Ryon,  John  S 177 

Ryon,  Hon.  John  W 159 

Ryon,  Samuel  1022 

Ryon,  Wallace  Pulaski 166,  1024 

S 

Sabins,  Alonzo  Giles   954 

Sabins,  Luman  E 954 

Sabinsville,  village  of  468 

Sandbach,  Charles   851 

Sandbach,  Richard  E 851 

Sandel-s,   T.   C 177 

Sandford,  Peleg  B 1030 

Sayles,  Adriel  K 918 

Sayles,  Christopher 917 

Saynisch,    Dr.   Lewis 194,  617 

Scanlin,  Patrick  H 754 

Schieffelin,   Edward   G 682 

Schieffelin,  Dr.  Jacob,  sketch  of 1004 

SchiefEelin,  Dr.  Jacob,  portrait  of 113 

Schieffelin,    Jacob  ■ 1005 

Schoonover,   Daniel 941 

Schoonover,  Richard   942 

Schoonover,  Richard  P 943 

Schott,  Edwin  B 959 

Schultz,  Nicholas 1133 

Schusler,  Joseph 1079 

Scott,  Luke  951 

Scott,  Rufus   951 

Scott,    Winfield ' 952 

Scranton,  Chester  L 97S 

Scranton,  George  M 978 

Scranton,  Samuel  977 

Scranton,  Stephen  S 978 

Scudder,  Franklin  B 1120 

Scudder,  Rev.  George  W 1120 

Scudder,  Mack  1136 

Seagers,  Vine 215 

Seaman,  Augustus  G 1155 

Seaman,  William  W 1156 

Seamans,  Eli  B 901 

Seamans,  Jonathan   900 

Seamans,  Sheldon  Alonzo   901 

Seamans,  William  Orvllle,  sketch  of 901 

Seamans,  William  Orville,  portrait  of  . . .  905 

Sears,  Frank  L 9S9 

Sears,  George  W. — "Nessmuk" 255 

Sebring,   Grant    1141 

Sebring,   John    .  .^ 215 

Sebring,  Jonathan   1140 

Sebring,  Robert  C il41 

Sebrings  Postoffice  648 

Secor,  Dr.  John  Cross  203 

Seely,  Ed.  M 858 

Seely,  Frank  J 857 

Seely,  Morgan 857 

Seely,  Nathaniel   857 

Seelye,  Ebenezer 207,  868 

Seelye,  Elanson   869 

Seelye,  Capt.  John  890 

Seminary,  Mansfield  Classical  580 

Seneca    Indians 29 

Sentinel,  The  Lawrence 512,  537 

Sexton,  John  Lawrence  1125 

Seymour,  Hon.  Charles  H 160 

Shaff,  Alonzo  D 803 

Shaft",  Henry  J 802 


INDEX. 


1181 


Page. 

Shaff,  John   802 

Shafl,  Porter  D 803 

Shafll,  Stephen  C 802 

Shappee,  Frederick  W 1009 

Shappee,  N.  R 1008 

Shattuck,  Alfred  Jones 179 

Shattuck,  Iievl  Hubbard 1076 

Shaw,  Charles  Milton  1095 

Shaw,  Daniel  M.,  sketch  of  1095 

Shaw,  Daniel  M.,  portrait  of  617 

Shaw,  Freeman  1095 

Shaw,  James  H 185 

Shaw,  Joshua  1094 

Shaw,  Vardis   '. 1079 

Shaw,  William  M 1080 

Shearer,  Dr.  John  Henry 198,  706 

Shearer,   William  Lincoln 182,  707 

Sheff er,  Alpheus   1142 

Sheffer,  Francis  Marion,  sketch  of 1144 

ShefCer,  Francis  Marion,  portrait  of 641 

ShefE er,    James    1143 

ShefEer,  John,  Sr : 1141 

ShefEer,  John,  Jr 1142 

ShefEer,  Michael    1143 

ShefEer,  Samuel 1143 

Sheldon,  James  R 1049 

Shepherd,  Dr.  Ralph  1 197 

SherifEs    140 

Sherwood,  Albert  1060 

Sherwood,  Clark  Burr 1060 

Sherwood,    Daniel    1059 

Sherwood,  Daniel  Andrew 1060 

Sherwood,  Harry  N 184 

Sherwood,  Hon.  Henry,  sketch  of  160 

Sherwood,  Hon.  Henry,  portrait  of 161 

Sherwood,  Julius 159 

Sherwood,  Salmon 676 

Sherwood,  Walter  170 

Shippen  PostofBce   474 

Shippen  TowNSHlP.^Organization,  469; 
Boundaries  and  Area,  469;  Streams, 
469;  Physical  Features,  469;  Popula- 
tion, 470;  Early  Settlers,  470;  Big' 
Meadows,  470;  The  Six  Nations,  470; 
Division  of  Township,  471;  Early  Mills, 
471;  Schools,  472;  Justices,  472;  Pine 
Creek  Church,  472;  The  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  472;  The  Shippen 
Baptist  Church,  473 ;  The  Ansonia  Cem- 
etery, 473;  Ansonia,  473;  Shippen  Post- 
ofBce, 474;  Ebenton  Postofflce,  474; 
Pine  Creek  Railroad,  474;  Societies, 
474;  Marsh  Creek  Postoffice,  474; 
Asaph  Postoffice,  474. 

Shoptown     649 

Short,  Henry  G 883 

Shortsville   463 

Shumway,  Peter 210,  361,  765 

Shumway,  Sleeman   765 

Shumway,  William  P.,  sketch  of 765 

Shumway,  William  P.,  portrait  of 369 

Siemens,   Carl  L 692 

Siemens  Fred  W 692 

Signer,  George  C 848 

Simmons,  Andrew  J 941 

Simmons,  Arthur  J 910 

Simmons,  Frank  W 910 


Page. 

Simmons,  George  H 917 

Simmons,  Joseph  P 916 

Simmons,  William  (Westfield)    909 

Simmons,  William  (Brookfleld)  941 

Simpson,  Robert  C 677 

Single  Freemen,   1812 68,     71 

Sisson,  Putnam  C 1047 

Sixbee,  Reynolds  1104 

Slave  Hunt,  The  Great 87 

Smead,  Ephraim  A 1007 

Smead,  Joseph  1007 

Smith,  Alvah  Lee 998 

Smith,  Arad    1093 

Smith,  Augustus   845 

Smith,  Benjamin  B 266,  318,  663 

Smith,  Charles  1099 

Smith,  C.  E 1003 

Smith,  Charles  G 1093 

Smith,  Clareiice  A 1096 

Smith,  David 963 

Smith,  Elijah   845 

Smith,  Dr.  Frank  200 

Smith,  Frederick  Bigelow 182,  998 

Smith,     Frederick     Emerson,     sketches 

of   162,   995 

Smith,  Frederick  Emerson,  portrait  of   .505 

Smith,  Fred.  T 845 

Smith,  Dr.  G.  A 200 

Smith,  George   1099 

Smith,  George  Dwight  664 

Smith,  H.  E 1003 

Smith,  Henry  (Wellsboro)    719 

Smith,  Henry  (Nelson)   824 

Smith,  James   ' 213 

Smith,  James  H 768 

Smith,  Jason  E 769 

Smith,  Jesse 1103 

Smith,  John  A 213 

Smith,  John  B.,  M.  D 202,  1029 

Smith,  John  R 834 

Smith,  John  Wesley 920 

Smith,  Dr.  Joseph  N 202 

Smith,  Joshua   1092 

Smith,  Marshall  M 964 

Smith,    Morris 1103 

Smith,  Dr.  Nathaniel 197 

Smith,  Northrop   1095 

Smith,  Octavius  A 963 

Smith,  Philetus  P 1093 

Smith,    Robert  Bruce,    ItJ.    D.,    sketches 

of   199,   999 

Smith,  Robert  Bruce,  M.  D.,  portrait  of  .   513 

Smith,  William 1103 

Smith,  William  Clive,  M.  D 999 

Smith,  W.  H 185 

Smythe,  Dr.  H.  G 195 

Smythe  Park  Association    119 

Soldiers'  Monument 248 

Soldiers'  Orphan  Home 584 

Soper,  Collins  W 1106 

Soper,  Ward  B .1106 

Soule,   Elisha    833 

Spalding,  Adolphus  D 693 

Spalding,  George  M 693 

Spaulding,  Ezra,  trial  and  conviction  of  .     80 

Spaulding,  Ezra,  history  of 81 

Spaulding,  Sem  P.,  sketch  of 798 


1182 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Spaulding,  Sem  P.,  portrait  of 785 

Spaulding,  William 797 

Speaker  of  House  of  Kepresentatives  of 

Pennsylvania    138 

Speakers  of  the  State  Senate 138 

Spear,  Waldo 777 

Spencer,  Alenson   737 

Spencer,  Francis  Upton  212 

Spencer,  Lyman 727 

Spencer,  Uriah 277,  506,  528,  991 

Spencer,  William  Lee 727 

Sprague,  Hiram 932 

Sprague,  Lewis 932 

Sprague,  Thomas   932 

Spratt,  Dr.  George 195 

Starkey,  John    798 

Starkey,  William 798 

State  Line  Koad   93 

State  Line  Surreys  93 

State  Normal  School,  Mansfield  582 

State  Eoads   100,  102 

State   Representatives    138 

State  Senators   138 

Statistics,  coal  mining  130 

Statls,   John   752 

Statts,  Henry  W 752 

Statts,   William   751 

Statts,  William  A 752 

Stauffer,  George  E 1100 

Stauffer,  Hamilton  S 1101 

StaufEer,  Mack  E 1101 

Stebbins,  Elijah  H 954 

Stebbins,  Milford  H 713 

Stebbins,  Orrin,  Sr 953 

Steele,    John 737 

Steele,  Robert,  Sr 211,  736 

Steele,  Robert 736 

Stephenson,  John  P 937 

Stevens,  Daniel  G 793 

Stevens,  Horace  Leroy 793 

Stevens,  Martin 793 

Stevens,  William  B.,  M.  D 303,  833 

Stewart,    Sylvester 313 

Stilwell,   Richard  J 1045 

Stinehofer,  Dr.  John 193 

Stokesdale,  village  of 358 

Stokesdale    Junction 359 

Stone,   Capt.  Amos 307,  526 

Stone,  Eugene   Howard 728 

Stone,  Israel 728 

Stone,  Hon.  William  A 173 

Stony  Fork,  village  of 357 

Stott,  Nimrod 925 

Stowell,  Hezekiah 113 

Stowell  &  Dickinson 113 

Strait,  Charles  L 1076 

Strait,  Ethan 964 

Strait,  George  L 1076 

Strait,  Isaac 1076 

Strait,  Justus  D 965 

Strang,  Hon.  Butler  B 163 

Strang,  J.  C 185 

Strange,  Charles 1098 

Strange,  Charles  H 1098 

Strange,  Joseph 1098 

Strange,  Marcus 1097 

Stratton,  Dr.  Daniel 203 


Page. 

Stratton,  Daniel  H U31 

Stratton,  Frank  H 1122 

Stratton,  Martin 1121 

Strawbridge,    James 413 

Streams,  minor 28 

Streeter,  Augustus 164 

Streeter,  Dr.  Burton 193 

Stull,  Col.  Marinus  W 213 

Sturmer,  Ferdinand  T 747 

Sturmer,  George 748 

Sturrock,  David 675 

Sturrock,  Capt.  Robert  W 244 

Sullivan  Postoffice 566 

Sullivan  Township. — Organization,  557; 
Area  and  Boundaries,  557;  Elevation, 
557;  Soil,  557;  Streams,  557;  Origin  of 
Name,  557;  Population,  557;  Early  Sel^ 
tiers,  557;  Business  Enterprises,  559; 
Schools,  560;  Physicians,  561;  Justicee, 
561;  The  Old  School  Baptist  Church 
of  Sullivan,  561;  The  Free  Will  Baptist 
Church  of  Sullivan,  561;  The  East  Sul- 
livan Baptist  Church,  562;  The  Sulli- 
van State  Road  Baptist  Church,  563; 
The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Mainesburg,  563;  The  State  Road  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Class,  563;  The  Elk 
Run  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  564; 
The  Church  of  Christ  of  Mainesburg, 
564;  The  Central  Union  Church  or  Con- 
gregation on  the  State  Road,  564;  The 
Doud  Burying  Ground,  564;  The  State 
Road  Cemetery,  564;  Gray's  Valley 
Cemetery,  565;  The  Mainesburg  Ceme- 
tery, 565;  Secret  Societies,  565;  Bor- 
ough of  Mainesburg,  565;  Sullivan 
Postoffice,  566;  Gray's  Valley  Postof- 
fice, 566;  Elk  Run  Postoffice,  566. 

Sun,  The  Covington 601 

Sweeley,  J.  Mack 1105 

Sylvester,  village  of 456 

Symonds,  Aaron 738 

Symonds,  Job  W 738 

T 

Tanning  Industry 115 

Taxables,  1800 41 

Taxables,  1812 64 

Taylor,  Capt.  Charles  Ryon 855 

Taylor,  Ebenezer 854 

Taylor,  Col.  Philip 854 

Taylor,  Richard  C 124 

Taylor,  William 746 

Taylor,  William  A 746 

Taylor,  Rev.  William'  DeWitt 1068 

The  Cottage  State  Hospital 624 

The   First  Welsh   Congregation,   Morris 

Run 639 

The  Knoxville  Free  Church  Association. .  428 

The  Long  Farewell,  poem 251 

The  Miners  National  Bank 623 

The  Old  Academy 375 

The  Parting,  poem 253 

The  People's  Church,  Potter  Brook 435 

The  People's  Church,  Ogdensburg 653 

The  Quaker  Meeting  House,  Wellsboro..  396 


INDEX. 


1183 


Page. 

The  Quaker  Society,  Knoxville 427 

The    Second   Adventist    Church,    Cherry 

Flats 596 

The  Swedish  Free  Mission,  Amot 609 

The  Welsh  Congreg-ation  of  Charleston..  366 
The  World  Would  be  the  Better  for  It, 

poem 354 

Thirty-fifth  Regiment— Sixth  Eeserve...  319 
Thirty-fifth  Regiment — Emergency  Men  243 

Thomas,    Ephraim 1032 

Thomas,    William 1032 

Thomas,  Dr.  William  R 202,  1032 

Thompson,  Alden 766 

Thompson,  Dr.  Charles  K 197 

Thompson,   Darwin 766 

Thompson,  Duncan  L 213 

Thompson,  Isaac 933 

Thompson,  Isaac  C 933 

Thompson,  Joseph 766 

Thompson,     Robert 973 

Tiadaghton,  Indian  Chief 31 

Tiadaghton,  Indian  village  of 30,     33 

Tiadaghton  &  Fahnastalk  Railroad 108 

Tiadaghton,  village  of 359 

Tioga  Borough. — Situation  and  Physical 
Features,  505;  Pioneer  Settlers,  505; 
Population,  507;  Village  Industries  and 
Enterprises,  507;  Early  Physicians  and 
Lawyers,  509;  Early  and  Later  Hotels, 
510;  Borough  Organization  and  Offi- 
cials, 510;  Postmasters,  511;  Newspa- 
pers, 511;  The  Tioga  Pioneer,  511;  The 
Northern  Banner,  512;  Tioga  Demo- 
crat, 512;  Lawrence  Sentinel,  512; 
Wellsboro  Banner,  512;  Tioga  County 
Express,  512;  Lawrenceville  Herald, 
512;  Tioga  Express,  512;  Tioga  Argus, 
512;  Schools,  512;  The  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Tioga,  513;  The  First  Metho- 
dist Church  of  Tioga,  513;  St.  An- 
drew's Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
514;  The  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Tioga,  515;  St.  Mary's  Catholic  Church, 
515;  Willardsburg  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M., 
515;  Tioga  Lodge,  No.  373,  F.  &  A.  M., 
516;  Adelphic  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  516; 
Tioga  River  Lodge,  No.  797,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
516;  Etz  Post,  No.  401,  G.  A.  E.,  516; 
Beneficiary  Orders,516;  The  Tabor,Ma- 
thews  &  Company  Foundry,  516; 
The  Union  Tanning  Company,  516; 
The  Tioga  County  Bank,  517;  The  Rob- 
ert Bishop  Factory,  517;  The  Lucky 
Oil  Well  Company,  517;  Voorhees, 
Aiken  &  Company,  517;  T.  G.  Hetfield'a 
Cigar  Factory,  517;  The  Tioga-  Water 
Works  Company,  518;  The  Park  Hose 
Company,  518;  Smead  Hose  Company, 
No.  1,  518;    Fire  and  Flood,  518. 

Tioga  County  Bank,   Tioga 517 

Tioga  County  Boundaries  Defined 45 

Tioga  County  Boundary  Line  Dispute. .     48 

Tioga  County   Created 45 

Tioga  County,  derivation  of  name 46 

Tioga  County,  first  white  settlers  in 56 

Tioga  County,  first  white  children  born 
in 414,  499,  526 


Page. 

Tioga  County,  first  courts  of 84 

Tioga  County,  first  trustees 72 

Tioga  County,  form  and  area 46 

Tioga  County,  organization  completed  .     71 

Tioga  County,  county  seat  laid  out 73 

Tioga  County,  county  seat  lots  adver- 
tised      74 

Tioga,  Indian  village  at 33 

Tioga  County  Medica,l  Society 205 

Tioga  Navigation  Company 104,  123 

Tioga  River 34 

Tioga  River  Declared  Navigable 104 

Tioga  Township. — Petition  of  Settlers, 
39;  Township  Erected,  39,  498;  Created 
a  Separate  Election  District,  43,  498; 
Taxables  of  1813,  64;  Reductions  of 
Area,  498;  Present  Boundaries  and 
Area,  498;  Physical  Characteristics, 
498;  Streams,  498;  Population,  499; 
Pioneer  Settlers,  499;  Early  Enter- 
prises, 501;  Schools,  501;  Justices,  502; 
The  Free  Methodist  Church  at  Painter 
Run,  502;  An  Indian  Burying  Ground, 
502;  Family  Burying  Grounds,  502; 
Evergreen  Cemetery,  503;  Mitchell's 
Creek  Postoffice,  503 ;  Tioga  Village,  or 
Brooklyn,  503;  Painter  Run  Postoffice, 
504. 

Tioga,  village  of 503 

Topographical  Features 18 

Tragedy,  The  Walker 36 

Travis,  George,  execution  of 136 

Treasurer,  first  county 77 

Treasurer,  first  statement  of 78 

Treat,  Rufus  G 947 

Treat,  Sylvester,  Sr 947 

Treat,  Sylvester 948 

Treaty  of  1768 35 

Treaty  and  Purchase  of  1784 35 

Tremain,  Gilbert  H.,  sketch  of 911 

Tremain,  Gilbert  H.,  portrait  of 449 

Tremain,  John  M 911 

Tremain,  Lyman 910 

Tremain,  Theodore 911 

Tremaine,  Charles  H 1033 

Tremaine,  Julius 1032 

Trexler,  Dr.  Charles 303 

Trieman,  Dr.  George  A 203 

Tripp,  George  E 1154 

TrowlDridge,  Edward  C 973 

Trowbridge,  Henry 1045 

Trowbridge,  John  C 971 

Trowbridge  Postoffice 550 

Truman,  Albert  A 702 

Truman,  Lucius. 701 

Trust,  declaration  of 58 

Trustees,   first   county 73 

Tubbs,  Hon.  Charles 171 

Tubbs,  Edward  R 857 

Tubbs,  George 85i6 

Tubbs,  James 856 

Tubbs,  James  B 937 

Tubbs,  John 856 

Tubbs,  Samuel,  Sr 308,  855 

Tubbs,  Samuel,  Jr 856 

Tubbs,  Samuel 937 

Tucker,  Edward  M 919 


1184 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Tuller,  Philo 1007 

Tuttle,  Ayres 308 

Tuttle,  Lauren  H 176 

Two  Hundred  and  Seventh  Eegiment...  239 


U 


Union  Center 654 

Union  Tanning  Company 115 

Union  Township. — ^Boundaries,  649;  Or- 
ganization, 649;  Area,  649;  Drainage, 
649;  The  Northern  Central  Eailroad, 
650;  Population,  650;  Pioneer  Set- 
tlers, 650;  Early  and  Later  En- 
terprises, 651;  Schools,  651;  Phy- 
sicians, 651;  Justices,  652;  The  Baptist 
Church  of  Union,  652;  The  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  at  Newelltown,  652; 
The  Stull  Ridge  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  652;  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Eoaring  Branch,  652;  The 
Church  of  Christ,  653;  St.  John's  Cath- 
olic Church,  653;  The  People's  Church, 
653;  Cemeteries,  653;  Secret  Societies, 
653;  Penbryn,  653;  Newelltown,  654; 
Eoaring  Branch,  654;  Ogdensburg,  654; 
Union  Center,  654;    Gleason,  654. 

United  Glass  Company 116 

United  States  Leather  Company 115 

United  States  Senator 137 

Univeesalist  Chtjbches. — Westfield,447 ; 

Mansfield,  590;    Liberty,  646. 
Urell,  W.  T 1005 


"Valley  of  the  Cowanesque 24 

Valley  Enterprise,  The 537 

Valsing,    George 747 

"Van  Campen,  extracts  from  life  of 32 

Vanderhoof,  Aaron 816 

Vanderhoof ,  George 817 

"Van  Dusen,  Benjamin 900 

Van  Dusen,  Charles  H 900 

Van  Dusen,  Prank 821 

Van  Dusen,  Walter 821 

Van  Dusen,  William 821 

Van  Horn,  Benjamin  T 690 

Van  Horn,  Eankin  L 690 

Van  Horn,  William 690 

Van  Horn,  WilUiam  B 690 

Van  Horn,  William  D 691 

Van  Keuren,  Eber 1077 

Van  Keuren,  Prank  E 1078 

Van  Wert,  Dr.  John  J 203 

Vedder,  John  Harmanus 1074 

Vedder,  Wentworth  D.,  M.  D 201,  1074 

Vermilyea,  William  H 966 

Viel,  Francis  A 1132 

Viel,  Francis  Louis 1132 

Vincent,  James  T 933 

Vincent,  Willett 932 

Voorhees,   Dr.   Charles 546 

Voorhees,  Dr.  Sherman 546 


Page. 


W 


Wagner,  William 896 

Wakely,  John 850 

Wakely,  William  0 851 

Walbridge,  Lyman 739 

Walbridge,  Eobert  S 740 

Walker,  Daniel 533 

Walker,   Delos  Hazleton 1111 

Walker,  Isaac 1109 

Walker,  James 1111 

Walker,  Lewis 1110 

Walker,  Lewis  Eandall 1110 

Walker,  Milton  E 1110 

Walker,  Eoyal 1109 

Walker,  Stratton 1109 

Walker  Tragedy,  The 36 

War  of  1812 211 

War,  The  Mexican 216 

War  of  the  Eebellion ' 216 

War  of  the  Eevolution 206 

War,  losses  in  the 248 

Wabd  Township. — Origin  of  Name,  630; 
Boundaries  and  Area,  630;  Streams, 
630;  Coal  Deposits,  630;  Population, 
630;  Justices,  631;  Early  Settlers, 
631;  Manufacturing  Enterprises,  631; 
Schools,  631;  Baptist  Church,  632;  The 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Ward  Township,  632;  Cemeteries,  63Z; 
Ward  Grange,  No.  900,  P.  of  H.,  632. 

Warren,  Bion  Snyder 812 

Warren,  Hiram 811 

Warren,  Philo  S 812 

Warriner,  Asa 980 

Wass,    David 889 

Wass,  William 213,  889 

Waters,  D.  C,  M.  D 200,  1134 

Watkins,  Abel 1119 

Watkins,  Andrew  J 1119 

Watkins,  Eugene  0 1120 

Watkins,  Frank 714 

Watkins,  John  E 1119 

Watkins,  Nicholas ■. 1118 

Watkins,  Orlando  W 1082 

Watrous,  Charles  B 964 

Watrous,  F.  E 176 

Watrous,  village  of 482 

Watson,  George 1136 

Wattles,    Daniel 209,  555 

Webb,   Clarence  W.,  M.  D 201 

Webb,  Wellington  W.,  M.  D 198 

Webster,  Allen 752 

Webster,  A.  J 185 

Webster,  Alvin  N 732 

Webster,  Dan  P 770 

Webster,  James  D 981 

Webster,  J.  E 1157 

Webster,  Judd  Lew 982 

Webster,  Newell  P 771 

Webster,  Sylvester 1156 

Welch,  Prank  H 1135 

Wells,   Chester 884 

Wells,  William  Hill 352 

Wellsboro. — Why  so  Named,  72;  De- 
scriptive, 258;  The  Original  Town 
Plot,   259;    Additional  Lots   Surveyed, 


INDEX. 


1185 


Page. 


259;  Price  of  Lots  Fixed,  260;  Order 
of  Commissioners  Concerning  Sale  of 
Lots,  76;  Prominent  Pioneers,  260;  As- 
sessment of  1812,  260;  Tavern  Licenses 
Granted,  261;  First  Store,  261;  Josiah 
Emery's  Reminiscences,  262;  Postoifice 
and  Postmasters,  270;  Old-Time  Tav- 
erns and  Landlords,  272;  Modern  Ho- 
tels, 273;  Village  Schools,  375;  The  Old 
Academy,  275;  Common  School  System 
Adopted,  291;  First  Public  School 
Building,  293;  Later  Buildings  and 
Teachers,  294;  Willow  Hall  School, 
295;  The  Old  Quaker  Meeting  House, 
295;  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  297;  The  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Wellsboro,  299;  The  First  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  306;  First  Baptist 
Church,  307;  St.  Peter's  Catholic 
Church,  309;  The  Free  Will  Baptist 
Church,  310;  Academy  Hill  Cemetery", 
311;  The  Wellsboro  Cemetery,  312; 
Calvary  Cemetery,  313;  Tyoga  Lodge, 
No.  230,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  313;  Wellsboro  En- 
campment, No.  78,  I.  O.  O.  P.,  313; 
Canton  Keystone,  No.  5,  Patriarchs 
Militant,  I.  O.  O.  P.,  314;  Ossea  Lodge, 
No.  317,  P.  &  A.  M.,  314;  Tyoga  Chap- 
ter, No.  194,  R.  A.  M.,  314;  Tyagaghton 
Commandery,  No.  28,  K.  T.,  314;  George 
Cook  Post,  No.  315,  G.  A.  R.,  314; 
George  Cook  Corps,  No.  88,  W.  R.  C, 
315;  Tiog-a  County  Association  of  Ex- 
Union  Prisoners  of  War,  315;  Encamp- 
ment No.  105,  Union  Veteran  Legion, 
315;  Wellsboro  Lodge,  No.  949,  K.  of 
H.,  315;  Wellsboro  Lodge,  No.  72,  I.  O. 
G.  T.,  315;  Wellsboro  Tent,  No.  152,  K. 
O.  T.  M.,  315;  Wellsboro  Hive,  No.  45, 
L.  O.  T.  M.,  315;  Division  No.  5,  A.  O. 
H.,  316;  Wellsborough's  Military  Band, 
316;  The  Tioga  Pioneer,  317;  The  Phoe- 
nix, 318;  The  Tioga  Herald,  319;  George 
Hildreth,  319;  The  Wellsboro  Adver- 
tiser, 331;  The  Wellsboro  Agitator,  321; 
The  Tioga  Eagle  and  Its  Successors, 
323;  The  Wellsboro  Gazette,  324;  The 
Tioga  Banner,  325;  The  Hermaic  Jour- 
nal, 325;  The  Tioga  County  Leader, 
326;  The  Republican  Advocate,  326;  A 
Noted  Correspondent,  326;  Incorpo- 
rated as  a  Borough,  327;  Early  Ordi- 
nances, 328;  Burgesses,  Clerks,  Treas- 
urers and  Justices,  339;  Borough 
Boundaries,  330;  Fire  Department,  331; 
Water  Works  System,  333;  The  Wells- 
borough  Electric  Company,  334;  The 
First  National  Bank,  335;  The  Wells- 
borough  National  Bank,  336;  The 
Great  Bank  Robbery,  336;  The  Prop- 
erty Taken,  343;  Two  of  the  Robbers 
Captured,  343;  Cosgrove  Reforms,  344; 
Manufacturing  and  Other  Enterprises, 
345;  The  Wellsboro  Tannery,  345; 
The  Spencer  Planing  and  Shingle  Mill, 
345;  The  Wellsboro  Carriage  Works, 
345;   The  Wellsboro  Foundry  and  Ma- 


Pagc. 

chine  Shop,  346;  R.  H.  Edwards'  Foun- 
dry and  Machine  Shop,  346;  Sheffler's 
Brewery,  346;  Och's  Brewery,  346; 
The  Wellsboro  Manufacturing  and 
Building  Company  (Limited),  346;  The 
Wellsboro  Cigar  Factory,  346;  C.  A. 
Yale  Cigar  Factory,  347;  The  Wells- 
boro Roller  Mill,  347;  The  Keystone 
Mills,  347;  The  Wellsboro  Glass  Com- 
pany (Limited),  347;  The  Wellsboro 
Veneer  Works,  347;  The  Wellsboro 
Telephone  Exchange,  347;  The  Wells- 
boro of  To-day,  348;  The  Park  or 
Green,  348;  The  Soldiers'  Monument, 
348;  The  John  Magee  Monument,  348; 
The  Bache  Auditorium,  349. 

Wellsboroug'h  National  Bank 336 

Welsh  Congregation  of  Charleston 366 

Welsh  Settlement 368 

Weseman,  William  P.,  M.  D 198,  1145 

West,  Adelbert 797 

West,  Charles  H 971 

West,  Clinton 762 

West,  George  W 768 

West,  Ira 796 

West,  John 795 

West,  John  E 757 

West,  Nathan  T 796 

West,  Thomas  M 796 

West,  Wilbur  P 762 

Westbrook,  Abram  L 789 

Westbrook,  Edgar  L 811 

Westbrook,  George 810 

Westbrook,  Horace  Freeland 810 

Westbrook,  Jacob  H 1016 

Westbrook,  Solomon 214,  788 

West  Covington  Postffice 596 

West  Parmington  Postoffice 383 

Westpield  Borough. — Location  and  Sur- 
roundings, 438;  Population,  438;  Early 
Settlers,  438;  Borough  Organization 
and  Officials,  440;  Postmasters,  440; 
Physicians,  441;  Lawyers,  441;  Busi- 
ness and  Manufacturing  Enterprises, 
441;  Scott  &  Turner,  441;  The  Phillips 
Mills,  441;  Hollister  Baker's  Foundry, 
442;  The  Eberle  Tannery,  442;  Rood's 
Carriage  and  Wagon  Shop,  442;  Kelts 
&  Gilbert's  Tannery,  442;  The  Cowan- 
esque  Tannery,  442;  Albert  Baker's 
Foundry  and  Machine  Shop,  442;  The 
Westfield  Co-operative  Association, 
443;  The  Westfield  Planing  Mill,  443; 
The  Farmers  and  Traders  Bank,  443; 
The  Westfield  Steam  Flouring  Mill, 
443;  The  Westfield  Marble  Works, 
443;  The  Pride  Opera  House,  443;  The 
Westfield  Oil  and  Mining  Company, 
443;  Cowanesque  Valley  Agricultural 
Society,  443;  Westfield  Water  Com- 
pany, 444;  Union  Tanning  Company, 
444;  The  United  States  Pipe  Line 
Company,  444;  Hotels,  444;  The  West- 
field  Index,  445;  The  Westfield  Idea, 
445;  The  Westfield  Free  Press,  445; 
Railroads,  445;  The  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church  of  Westfield,  445;  The  First 


1186 


INDEX. 


Page. 
Wesleyan  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Westfleld,  446;  St.  John's  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  446;  The  Univer- 
salist  Church  of  Westfield,  447;  The 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Westfield,  447; 
The  Krusen  Cemetery,  447;  Mount 
Pleasant  Cemetery  Company,  447; 
Westfield  Lodge,  No.  477,  F.  &  A.  M., 
447;  Westfield  Chapter,  No.  265,  K.  A. 
M.,  448;  Jemison  Lodge,  No.  332,  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  448;  R.  P.  Babcock  Post,  No. 
258,  G.  A.  E.,  448;  R.  P.  Babcock  W.  E. 
C,  No.  128,  448;  Other  Societies,  iiS. 
Westfield  Township. — Boundaries,  430; 
Organization,  430;  Origin  of  Name,  430; 
Area,  430;  Physical  Features,  430; 
Streams,  431;  Population,  431;  Early 
Settlers,  431;  Early  Enterprises,  433; 
Schools,  434;  Justices,  434;  The  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Cowan- 
esque,  434;  The  Wesleyan  Methodists, 
435;  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Potter  Brook,  435;  The  Potter 
Brook  Branch  of  the  Harrison  Valley 
Baptist  Church,  435;  The  People's 
Church  of  Potter  Brook,  435;  The  Pot^ 
ter  Cemetery  Association  of  Potter 
Brook,  435;  The  Champlin  Cemetery 
Association,  436;  Cowanesque,  436; 
Potter  Brook,  436;  Phillips  Station, 
437 

Wheeler,  Benjamin  P 985 

Wheeler,  Benjamin  0 1048 

Wheeler,  Harry  Daniels 759 

Wheeler,  Julius  C 694 

Wheeler,  Marion  H 1048 

White,  Dr.  Francis  H 195 

White,  James  L 710 

Whitej  John  C 879 

White,  John  E 879 

White,  Newell  E 880 

White,  Hon.  Eobert  Gray 146 

Whitehead,  Dr.  Harmon 195 

Whiting,  Joseph  W 1117 

Whitmarsh,  Dewey 929 

Whitmarsh,  John'. 939 

Whitney,  Alonzo 774 

Whitney,  Capt.  Nelson 775 

Whitneyville,  village  of 368 

Whitteker,  Peter 1080 

Whitteker,  Seth :.1080 

Wilcox,  Benjamin  C 781 

Wilcox,  Charles  N 801 


Page. 

Wilcox,  Freeman 955 

Wilcox,  Galusha  B 731 

Wilcox,  George  S 732 

Wilcox,  Eansom  Eugene 801 

Wilcox,  William  W 955 

Wilderness,  horrors  of  the' 63 

Willard,  Dr.  William 191,  507 

Willcox,  Charles  C 731 

Willcox,  Job 730 

Willcox,  John  D 732 

Willcox,  Simon  G 730 

Williams,  Dr.  Charles  N 203 

Williams,  George  W 711 

Williams,  Hon.  Henry  W..  sketch  of 148 

Williams,  Hon.  Henry  W.,  portrait  of . . . .   145 

Williston,  Hon.  Horace. 146 

Williston,  Hon.  Lorenzo  Parsons 157 

Wilson,  Alanson  J 735 

Wilson,  Ira  C 736 

Wilson,  Milon  D 735 

Wilson,  Eobert  B 761 

Wilson,  Eobert  L 762 

Wilson,  Hon.   Stephen  Fowler 149 

Wilson,    Thomas 529 

Winsor,  Dr.  Charles  Clarence 201 

Woester,  Dr.  Theodore  P 201 

Wood,    Dr.    Ezra 193 

Wood,  Dr.  Frederick  Green 203 

Wood,  Harvey  D 1139 

Wood,  John  T 841 

Wood,   Joseph 894 

Wood,  Oliver  L 894 

Wood,  Col.  Eobert  T 164,  842 

Wood,  Stephen  H 1139 

Woodruff,  Thomas  L 980 

Works,  James 860 

Works,  James  F 861 

Works,  Justus  M.  E 861 

Wright,   Asahel 841 

Wright,  Frederick  K.,  sketch  of 689 

Wright,  Frederick  K.,  portrait  of 689 

Wright,  William  W.,  M.  D 198,  841 , 

Wright,  Samuel 969 

Y 

Youdis,  Henry 1150 

Youmans,  John,  Sr 927 

Youmans,  John 928 

Young,  Ezra  Benedict 175,  695 

Young,  Hon.  Hugh,  sketch  of 680 

Young,  Hon.  Hugh,  portrait  of 321 

Young,  Eobert  Kennedy 179